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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
psychodynamic
frontal lobe
fovea
Gordon Allport
2. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
Erik Erikson's
somatization
acetylcholine
experimental psychologist
3. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
nonrepinephrine
social psychologist
deduction
Humanism
4. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
frontal lobe
carl jung
semantic memory
external validity
5. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
altruism
central nervous system
significant psychological research
George Kelly
6. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
Abraham Maslow
deduction
somatization
frontal lobe
7. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
internal validity
growth hormone
concept
displacement
8. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Albert Bandura
semantic memory
empirical evidence
Humanism
9. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
biology
fixed ratio
longitudinal study
information processing theory
10. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
Hermann Ebbinghaus
cross-sectional study
William James
Erik Erikson's
11. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
dependent variable
Lawrence Kohlberg
correlation
opponent-process theory
12. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
George Kelly
B.F. Skinner
proactive interference
Erik Erikson's
13. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Erik Erikson's
opponent-process theory
naturalistic observation
14. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
algorithm
abreaction
social psychologist
primary reinforcer
15. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
industrial-organizational psychologist
criterion validity
introspection
babinksi reflex
16. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
Erik Erikson's
corticosteriods
shizophrenia
empirical evidence
17. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.
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18. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
accomodation
Abraham Maslow
Stages of Moral Development
behavior
19. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
accomodation
dopamine
somatic nervous system
case study
20. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
placebo effect
proactive interference
cross-sectional study
Stages of Moral Development
21. Present evidence to support your claims
social psychologist
argument by evidence
introspection
nonrepinephrine
22. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
dopamine
sensory adaptation
algorithm
babinksi reflex
23. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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24. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
significant psychological research
fovea
placebo effect
Wilhelm Wundt
25. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
anonymity
catecholamines
differentiation
frontal lobe
26. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
argument by evidence
Wilhelm Wundt
reciprocal determinism
frontal lobe
27. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
oxytocin
forgetting curve
argument by evidence
cortisol
28. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
frontal lobe
Erik Erikson
psychoanalysis
Hermann Ebbinghaus
29. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
linear perspective
oxytocin
experimental research
cross-sectional study
30. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
negative punishment
Jean Piaget
etiology
CAT scan
31. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
John Locke
performance goals
forgetting curve
drive reduction
32. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
biology
central nervous system
correlation
variable ratio
33. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
Abraham Maslow
information processing theory
somatic nervous system
altruism
34. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
parasympathetic nervous system
significant psychological research
displacement
35. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
absolute threshold
B.F. Skinner
endorphins
John Locke
36. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
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37. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
functionalism
social psychologist
Gordon Allport
participant observation
38. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
anthropology
independent variable
somatization
Erik Erikson's
39. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
Repression
Hermann von Helmholtz
abreaction
criterion validity
40. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
nonrepinephrine
information processing theory
reciprocal determinism
Jean Piaget
41. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
retina
Lawrence Kohlberg
epinephrine
mastery goals
42. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
concept
epinephrine
Wilhelm Wundt
Jean Piaget
43. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
babinksi reflex
external validity
functionalism
psychoanalysis
44. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
Three phases of memory process
Albert Bandura
social psychologist
placebo effect
45. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
catecholamines
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Erik Erikson's
cerebellum
46. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Humanism
interaction
ACTH
47. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
anthropology
growth hormone
Parietal lobe
behavior
48. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
neofreudian
Sternberg's triangular view
secondary reinforcer
sympathetic nervous system
49. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
Humanism
mastery goals
cerebellum
psychological science
50. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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