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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
fovea
sensory adaptation
CAT scan
sympathetic nervous system
2. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
naturalistic observation
algorithm
Ivan Pavlov
Erik Erikson's
3. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
empirical evidence
anthropology
cross-sectional study
sociology
4. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
forgetting curve
Erik Erikson's
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
neurotransmitter
5. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
Erik Erikson's
criterion validity
corticosteriods
oxytocin
6. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
Erik Erikson's
secondary reinforcer
parietal lobe
dopamine
7. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
Anna Freud
carl jung
biology
endorphins
8. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
limbic system
reciprocal determinism
psychodynamic
John Locke
9. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
functionalism
Parietal lobe
case study
mastery goals
10. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
abreaction
mastery goals
neuroscientist
performance goals
11. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
Erik Erikson's
cortisol
synaptic cleft
drive reduction
12. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
displacement
naturalistic observation
opponent-process theory
semantic memory
13. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
George Kelly
neofreudian
carl jung
Jean Piaget
14. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
argument by evidence
Repression
mastery goals
Stages of Moral Development
15. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
hierarchy of needs
Gordon Allport
Erik Erikson
ACTH
16. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
mastery goals
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
avoidance-avoidance conflict
hierarchy of needs
17. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
neurotransmitter
epinephrine
experimental research
somatization
18. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
epinephrine
sensory adaptation
Lev Vygotsky
experimental research
19. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
altruism
differentiation
abreaction
avoidance-avoidance conflict
20. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
neofreudian
primary reinforcer
linear perspective
altruism
21. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
Hermann von Helmholtz
performance goals
B.F. Skinner
limbic system
22. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
neuroscientist
external validity
performance goals
dopamine
23. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
fovea
significant psychological research
Stages of Moral Development
etiology
24. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
Sigmund Freud
reciprocal determinism
performance goals
linear perspective
25. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
26. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.
displacement
somatization
differentiation
functionalism
27. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
acetylcholine
sensory adaptation
limbic system
placebo effect
28. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
John Bowlby
opponent-process theory
Jean Piaget
somatization
29. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
Erik Erikson's
correlation
CAT scan
Abraham Maslow
30. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
psychodynamic
dopamine
humanistic
algorithm
31. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
internal validity
Erik Erikson's
nonrepinephrine
argument by evidence
32. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
William James
Three phases of memory process
dopamine
33. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
limbic system
frontal lobe
REM sleep
sociology
34. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
industrial-organizational psychologist
Sigmund Freud
case study
somatic nervous system
35. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Erik Erikson
internal validity
experimental research
epinephrine
36. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
altruism
criterion validity
parietal lobe
dependent variable
37. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
deduction
Meyer Friedman
sympathetic nervous system
fixed ratio
38. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
39. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
absolute threshold
performance goals
Wilhelm Wundt
oxytocin
40. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
sympathetic nervous system
babinksi reflex
secondary reinforcer
external validity
41. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
absolute threshold
information processing theory
placebo effect
algorithm
42. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
functional MRI
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson's
parietal lobe
43. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
Anna Freud
parietal lobe
anonymity
somatic nervous system
44. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
concept
shizophrenia
functionalism
independent variable
45. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
retina
Three phases of memory process
Hermann von Helmholtz
hierarchy of needs
46. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
Erik Erikson's
synaptic cleft
endorphins
growth hormone
47. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
neurotransmitter
B.F. Skinner
neofreudian
somatization
48. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.
49. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
participant observation
naturalistic observation
CAT scan
Parietal lobe
50. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim