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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
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Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
industrial-organizational psychologist
displacement
sympathetic nervous system
retina
2. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
concept
internal validity
psychodynamic
experimental research
3. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
correlation
Erik Erikson
Sternberg's triangular view
functional MRI
4. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
somatization
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Erik Erikson's
Erik Erikson's
5. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
growth hormone
linear perspective
anthropology
cross-sectional study
6. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
avoidance-avoidance conflict
synaptic cleft
placebo effect
Sternberg's triangular view
7. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
forgetting curve
sympathetic nervous system
negative punishment
ACTH
8. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
9. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
cross-sectional study
endorphins
proactive interference
anthropology
10. Present evidence to support your claims
Erik Erikson's
argument by evidence
experimental psychologist
forgetting curve
11. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
mastery goals
limbic system
negative punishment
empirical evidence
12. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
corticosteriods
cerebellum
algorithm
external validity
13. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
primary reinforcer
performance goals
displacement
Erik Erikson's
14. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
synaptic cleft
REM sleep
Lev Vygotsky
anthropology
15. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
psychoanalysis
differentiation
significant psychological research
Erik Erikson
16. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
17. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Humanism
fovea
Hermann Ebbinghaus
parietal lobe
18. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
humanistic
naturalistic observation
Humanism
babinksi reflex
19. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
empirical evidence
cognitive
parietal lobe
introspection
20. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
carl jung
reinforcer
experimental research
21. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
acetylcholine
empirical evidence
Sternberg's triangular view
criterion validity
22. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
fixed ratio
carl jung
mastery goals
external validity
23. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
Three phases of memory process
criterion validity
biology
linear perspective
24. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
linear perspective
correlation
abreaction
displacement
25. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
cortisol
synaptic cleft
Sigmund Freud
cognitive
26. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
anonymity
functionalism
deduction
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
27. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
acetylcholine
hierarchy of needs
primary reinforcer
Ivan Pavlov
28. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
Erik Erikson's
oxytocin
somatization
ACTH
29. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
cognitive
Humanism
cerebellum
interaction
30. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
proactive interference
oxytocin
CAT scan
independent variable
31. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
32. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
differentiation
Stages of Moral Development
Meyer Friedman
accomodation
33. Helps the body process new information by adapting to old stimuli and making space for new ones
synaptic cleft
REM sleep
sensory adaptation
linear perspective
34. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
differentiation
central nervous system
participant observation
anonymity
35. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
B.F. Skinner
Erik Erikson's
fixed ratio
occipital lobe
36. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
CAT scan
biology
William James
limbic system
37. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Repression
Humanism
anthropology
38. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
performance goals
B.F. Skinner
drive reduction
industrial-organizational psychologist
39. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
criterion validity
cerebellum
babinksi reflex
fixed ratio
40. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
dopamine
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson's
Stages of Moral Development
41. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
industrial-organizational psychologist
criterion validity
abreaction
Stages of Moral Development
42. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
primary reinforcer
cerebellum
acetylcholine
psychodynamic
43. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
opponent-process theory
functional MRI
frontal lobe
internal validity
44. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
criterion validity
Albert Bandura
acetylcholine
Humanism
45. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
hierarchy of needs
somatic nervous system
William James
Humanism
46. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
Meyer Friedman
CAT scan
neuroscientist
shizophrenia
47. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
psychodynamic
cerebellum
social psychologist
neofreudian
48. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
Three phases of memory process
clinical psychologist
reciprocal determinism
mastery goals
49. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
absolute threshold
psychoanalysis
semantic memory
John Locke
50. Originating in or based on observation or experience
oxytocin
corticosteriods
empirical evidence
Lev Vygotsky