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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
fixed ratio
Stockholm syndrome
Erik Erikson's
psychodynamic
2. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
somatic nervous system
functional MRI
hierarchy of needs
participant observation
3. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
drive reduction
Erik Erikson
Sternberg's triangular view
endorphins
4. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
accomodation
Erik Erikson's
primary reinforcer
naturalistic observation
5. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
psychoanalysis
Stockholm syndrome
functionalism
Hermann Ebbinghaus
6. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
acetylcholine
concept
naturalistic observation
CAT scan
7. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
somatic nervous system
naturalistic observation
endorphins
parietal lobe
8. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
empirical evidence
John Locke
placebo effect
humanistic
9. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
fovea
Parietal lobe
negative punishment
significant psychological research
10. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
carl jung
anonymity
growth hormone
Erik Erikson's
11. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently
secondary reinforcer
proactive interference
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Sternberg's triangular view
12. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
Abraham Maslow
cross-sectional study
performance goals
external validity
13. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
George Kelly
case study
Ivan Pavlov
CAT scan
14. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
primary reinforcer
hierarchy of needs
abreaction
John Locke
15. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
sociology
interaction
Erik Erikson's
mastery goals
16. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
Erik Erikson
sympathetic nervous system
naturalistic observation
fixed ratio
17. Three facets: intimacy - commitment - and passion.
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18. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
John Locke
variable ratio
Ivan Pavlov
Jean Piaget
19. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
biology
cross-sectional study
cerebellum
hierarchy of needs
20. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
ACTH
naturalistic observation
Albert Bandura
Three phases of memory process
21. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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22. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
frontal lobe
criterion validity
experimental research
psychological science
23. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
primary reinforcer
placebo effect
limbic system
linear perspective
24. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
mastery goals
variable ratio
sociology
linear perspective
25. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
Ivan Pavlov
information processing theory
experimental psychologist
Gordon Allport
26. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
functional MRI
neuroscientist
dopamine
Stockholm syndrome
27. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
functional MRI
frontal lobe
avoidance-avoidance conflict
John Locke
28. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
somatization
psychological science
Sigmund Freud
John Locke
29. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
epinephrine
case study
somatization
central nervous system
30. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
differentiation
B.F. Skinner
Stages of Moral Development
fixed ratio
31. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
corticosteriods
etiology
oxytocin
cognitive
32. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
Humanism
clinical psychologist
parietal lobe
linear perspective
33. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
independent variable
interaction
Anna Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
34. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
somatic nervous system
psychoanalysis
reciprocal determinism
Sigmund Freud
35. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
case study
retina
concept
interaction
36. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
dopamine
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Erik Erikson's
cross-sectional study
37. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
differentiation
algorithm
split brain study
displacement
38. A theory of personality that emphasizes free will and human agency in directing personal behavior. the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
Jean Piaget
Humanism
Erik Erikson's
experimental psychologist
39. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
sensory adaptation
Erik Erikson
linear perspective
secondary reinforcer
40. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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41. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
Sigmund Freud
deduction
dopamine
primary reinforcer
42. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
psychodynamic
participant observation
retina
drive reduction
43. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
biology
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Erik Erikson's
Stages of Moral Development
44. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
Anna Freud
dopamine
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
ACTH
45. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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46. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
catecholamines
epinephrine
oxytocin
shizophrenia
47. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
frontal lobe
nonrepinephrine
differentiation
neofreudian
48. Theory states that the acquisitiion of new knowledge and behaviors is central to human development. Was a pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous fo
CAT scan
central nervous system
fovea
B.F. Skinner
49. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
occipital lobe
participant observation
REM sleep
Lawrence Kohlberg
50. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
psychological science
cerebellum
algorithm
performance goals