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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
abreaction
ACTH
somatic nervous system
algorithm
2. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
functionalism
carl jung
psychological science
mastery goals
3. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
growth hormone
B.F. Skinner
Wilhelm Wundt
oxytocin
4. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
Stages of Moral Development
Sternberg's triangular view
placebo effect
social psychologist
5. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
negative punishment
somatization
humanistic
psychological science
6. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
psychological science
sociology
opponent-process theory
reinforcer
7. Originating in or based on observation or experience
anonymity
performance goals
empirical evidence
Erik Erikson's
8. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
participant observation
reinforcer
endorphins
9. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
anthropology
central nervous system
mastery goals
accomodation
10. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
neuroscientist
sympathetic nervous system
criterion validity
Anna Freud
11. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
Stages of Moral Development
Erik Erikson's
cross-sectional study
Three phases of memory process
12. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
Erik Erikson's
Erik Erikson's
Jean Piaget
correlation
13. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
Lawrence Kohlberg
Erik Erikson's
Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson's
14. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
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15. Attachment theory -
Humanism
fovea
William James
John Bowlby
16. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
Erik Erikson
split brain study
biology
Albert Bandura
17. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
John Locke
clinical psychologist
avoidance-avoidance conflict
somatic nervous system
18. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
absolute threshold
split brain study
Ivan Pavlov
interaction
19. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
George Kelly
psychological science
negative punishment
experimental psychologist
20. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
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21. Present evidence to support your claims
neuroscientist
fovea
synaptic cleft
argument by evidence
22. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
cerebellum
corticosteriods
displacement
23. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
catecholamines
sociology
hierarchy of needs
argument by evidence
24. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
neurotransmitter
linear perspective
split brain study
significant psychological research
25. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
empirical evidence
reciprocal determinism
Repression
John Locke
26. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
acetylcholine
retina
secondary reinforcer
drive reduction
27. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
linear perspective
external validity
hierarchy of needs
experimental psychologist
28. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
absolute threshold
Erik Erikson's
cortisol
Wilhelm Wundt
29. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
clinical psychologist
altruism
cognitive
experimental research
30. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
CAT scan
dependent variable
opponent-process theory
Humanism
31. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia
Ivan Pavlov
external validity
Erik Erikson's
dopamine
32. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
endorphins
dopamine
correlation
somatic nervous system
33. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
cerebellum
catecholamines
limbic system
cortisol
34. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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35. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
John Bowlby
behavior
significant psychological research
placebo effect
36. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
acetylcholine
Stages of Moral Development
split brain study
humanistic
37. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
neurotransmitter
sensory adaptation
semantic memory
Lawrence Kohlberg
38. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
algorithm
Albert Bandura
industrial-organizational psychologist
argument by evidence
39. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
social psychologist
Gordon Allport
introspection
Lev Vygotsky
40. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
hierarchy of needs
synaptic cleft
avoidance-avoidance conflict
REM sleep
41. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task
central nervous system
cognitive
functional MRI
Erik Erikson's
42. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
external validity
sensory adaptation
altruism
Humanism
43. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
neuroscientist
parasympathetic nervous system
semantic memory
significant psychological research
44. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
occipital lobe
catecholamines
fovea
absolute threshold
45. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
William James
epinephrine
B.F. Skinner
semantic memory
46. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
biology
CAT scan
John Locke
differentiation
47. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
reciprocal determinism
Ivan Pavlov
Wilhelm Wundt
algorithm
48. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
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49. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Erik Erikson's
sociology
neurotransmitter
50. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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