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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
deduction
corticosteriods
cross-sectional study
performance goals
2. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
criterion validity
Erik Erikson's
longitudinal study
psychodynamic
3. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas
fixed ratio
opponent-process theory
significant psychological research
occipital lobe
4. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
George Kelly
semantic memory
reciprocal determinism
sociology
5. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
social psychologist
John Bowlby
Erik Erikson's
anthropology
6. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
somatization
industrial-organizational psychologist
accomodation
Gordon Allport
7. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
negative punishment
Anna Freud
Erik Erikson's
CAT scan
8. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
sociology
hierarchy of needs
Wilhelm Wundt
Albert Bandura
9. The cause of a disease
endorphins
occipital lobe
information processing theory
etiology
10. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
retina
Gordon Allport
accomodation
Anna Freud
11. ENCODE - STORE - RETRIEVE
placebo effect
Three phases of memory process
babinksi reflex
cerebellum
12. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
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13. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
Stages of Moral Development
Gordon Allport
opponent-process theory
naturalistic observation
14. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
mastery goals
shizophrenia
avoidance-avoidance conflict
fixed ratio
15. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
Erik Erikson's
argument by evidence
avoidance-avoidance conflict
babinksi reflex
16. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
experimental psychologist
cerebellum
fovea
B.F. Skinner
17. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
nonrepinephrine
retina
endorphins
oxytocin
18. A process by which repressed material - particularly a painful experience or conflict is brought back to consciousness - in this process the person not only recalls - but also relived the repressed material - which is accompained by the appropriate a
avoidance-avoidance conflict
experimental research
abreaction
Sigmund Freud
19. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
proactive interference
growth hormone
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
neofreudian
20. Originating in or based on observation or experience
somatization
cortisol
empirical evidence
biology
21. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
secondary reinforcer
epinephrine
cross-sectional study
Erik Erikson's
22. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
synaptic cleft
humanistic
anonymity
sympathetic nervous system
23. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
information processing theory
significant psychological research
limbic system
forgetting curve
24. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response
differentiation
neofreudian
catecholamines
Erik Erikson's
25. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
neurotransmitter
placebo effect
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
empirical evidence
26. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
John Locke
Humanism
central nervous system
George Kelly
27. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
avoidance-avoidance conflict
anthropology
case study
experimental research
28. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
ACTH
proactive interference
Hermann von Helmholtz
cognitive
29. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
Lawrence Kohlberg
humanistic
dopamine
concept
30. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
Erik Erikson
John Locke
linear perspective
Erik Erikson's
31. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
Lawrence Kohlberg
sympathetic nervous system
fixed ratio
Sigmund Freud
32. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
John Locke
clinical psychologist
carl jung
argument by evidence
33. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
CAT scan
B.F. Skinner
significant psychological research
cortisol
34. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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35. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
Three phases of memory process
sympathetic nervous system
independent variable
endorphins
36. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
cerebellum
Jean Piaget
argument by evidence
altruism
37. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
altruism
parietal lobe
sensory adaptation
Gordon Allport
38. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
naturalistic observation
babinksi reflex
hierarchy of needs
neuroscientist
39. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.
Wilhelm Wundt
independent variable
algorithm
biology
40. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
forgetting curve
opponent-process theory
anonymity
CAT scan
41. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
acetylcholine
catecholamines
variable ratio
drive reduction
42. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
external validity
shizophrenia
parietal lobe
interaction
43. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
secondary reinforcer
dependent variable
dopamine
somatization
44. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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45. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
variable ratio
split brain study
social psychologist
William James
46. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.
criterion validity
concept
linear perspective
Erik Erikson's
47. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
Parietal lobe
Lawrence Kohlberg
opponent-process theory
algorithm
48. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
neuroscientist
parasympathetic nervous system
nonrepinephrine
dependent variable
49. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
central nervous system
neurotransmitter
placebo effect
sociology
50. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
babinksi reflex
CAT scan
sympathetic nervous system
psychoanalysis