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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Situation in which previously learned information hinders the recall of information learned more recently






2. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






3. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's






4. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






5. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.


6. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways






7. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.






8. Attachment theory -






9. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information






10. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood






11. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp


12. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.






13. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






14. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.






15. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala






16. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.






17. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts


18. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






19. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






20. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






21. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






22. The cause of a disease






23. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.






24. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






25. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -






26. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (






27. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released






28. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






29. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things






30. Of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception - memory - judgment - and reasoning - as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes






31. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders






32. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas






33. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti






34. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.






35. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction






36. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)






37. Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; visual areas






38. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism






39. Allows researchers to scan areas of the brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task






40. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






41. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany






42. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.






43. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information






44. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.






45. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






46. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron






47. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect






48. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena - especially with reference to origin - growth - reproduction - structure - and behavior.






49. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






50. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment