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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment






2. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well






3. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle






4. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic






5. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts






6. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.






7. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






8. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one






9. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






10. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer






11. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives






12. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out






13. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






14. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.






15. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction






16. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood






17. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim

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18. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.






19. Originating in or based on observation or experience






20. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






21. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect






22. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions






23. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.






24. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






25. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.






26. The cause of a disease






27. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.






28. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s






29. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences






30. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






31. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






32. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)






33. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






34. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch






35. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip






36. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales






37. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable






38. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.






39. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous






40. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance






41. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






42. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.






43. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure






44. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o






45. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions






46. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders






47. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others






48. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.






49. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil

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50. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas