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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
etiology
Stockholm syndrome
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Albert Bandura
2. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
functional MRI
clinical psychologist
proactive interference
neuroscientist
3. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
introspection
dopamine
John Locke
experimental research
4. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
retina
Jean Piaget
limbic system
Albert Bandura
5. The science or study of the origin - development - organization - and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations - institutions - etc.
reciprocal determinism
social psychologist
neuroscientist
sociology
6. The process through which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering; also called embodiment
somatization
Repression
dopamine
George Kelly
7. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
synaptic cleft
behavior
algorithm
somatization
8. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Humanism
dependent variable
internal validity
9. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
opponent-process theory
oxytocin
Erik Erikson
humanistic
10. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
babinksi reflex
Erik Erikson's
corticosteriods
linear perspective
11. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
case study
reciprocal determinism
negative punishment
internal validity
12. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
ACTH
external validity
differentiation
functional MRI
13. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
psychological science
altruism
catecholamines
cerebellum
14. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
Erik Erikson's
CAT scan
empirical evidence
Lev Vygotsky
15. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
experimental research
William James
case study
Three phases of memory process
16. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
Parietal lobe
introspection
Jean Piaget
Stages of Moral Development
17. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
central nervous system
information processing theory
concept
interaction
18. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.
reinforcer
psychoanalysis
split brain study
fovea
19. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
internal validity
Wilhelm Wundt
epinephrine
information processing theory
20. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
introspection
cognitive
absolute threshold
correlation
21. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
independent variable
experimental psychologist
retina
oxytocin
22. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
industrial-organizational psychologist
anonymity
occipital lobe
experimental psychologist
23. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
primary reinforcer
avoidance-avoidance conflict
internal validity
dopamine
24. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
secondary reinforcer
CAT scan
limbic system
cortisol
25. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
criterion validity
participant observation
Anna Freud
Sternberg's triangular view
26. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
experimental research
criterion validity
psychological science
external validity
27. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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28. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.
central nervous system
social psychologist
Stockholm syndrome
Lawrence Kohlberg
29. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
cortisol
significant psychological research
sensory adaptation
linear perspective
30. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
experimental research
accomodation
secondary reinforcer
CAT scan
31. A mutual or reciprocal relationship between two or more things
Erik Erikson's
internal validity
neuroscientist
correlation
32. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
epinephrine
John Locke
placebo effect
Erik Erikson's
33. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
deduction
ACTH
hierarchy of needs
displacement
34. Stages of development - Stage 5 Fidelity - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescent / 12 years till mid twenties. Questioning of self. Who am I - how do I fit in? Where am I going in life? Erikson believes that if the parents allow the child to exp
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35. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
ACTH
independent variable
proactive interference
sociology
36. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
Anna Freud
concept
somatic nervous system
Wilhelm Wundt
37. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
drive reduction
cognitive
performance goals
fixed ratio
38. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
carl jung
avoidance-avoidance conflict
secondary reinforcer
Wilhelm Wundt
39. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
placebo effect
dependent variable
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
secondary reinforcer
40. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
John Locke
psychodynamic
industrial-organizational psychologist
Meyer Friedman
41. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
cortisol
Meyer Friedman
accomodation
negative punishment
42. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
William James
correlation
synaptic cleft
Parietal lobe
43. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
absolute threshold
placebo effect
growth hormone
deduction
44. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
hierarchy of needs
Gordon Allport
anthropology
45. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
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46. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
Erik Erikson's
synaptic cleft
Anna Freud
avoidance-avoidance conflict
47. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
epinephrine
Gordon Allport
sympathetic nervous system
primary reinforcer
48. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence through investigations of meaning - values - freedom - tragedy - personal responsibility - human potential - spirituality - and self-actualization
longitudinal study
psychoanalysis
humanistic
John Bowlby
49. Anti adrenaline - affects neurons involved in increased heart rate and the slowing of intestinal activity during stress - and neurons involved in learning - memory - dreaming - waking from sleep - and emotion. increase arousal and boost mood-scarce d
proactive interference
nonrepinephrine
Repression
clinical psychologist
50. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
William James
somatic nervous system
CAT scan
reciprocal determinism