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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
ACTH
somatic nervous system
reciprocal determinism
internal validity
2. The first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well
Hermann Ebbinghaus
altruism
Erik Erikson's
Stages of Moral Development
3. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
retina
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
Erik Erikson's
Anna Freud
4. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
deduction
cross-sectional study
growth hormone
split brain study
5. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
secondary reinforcer
case study
displacement
CAT scan
6. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
abreaction
Ivan Pavlov
deduction
behavior
7. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
functionalism
fixed ratio
differentiation
Erik Erikson's
8. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
retina
displacement
oxytocin
drive reduction
9. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
Erik Erikson's
B.F. Skinner
drive reduction
psychological science
10. The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
parietal lobe
Humanism
neuroscientist
linear perspective
11. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Hermann von Helmholtz
clinical psychologist
central nervous system
12. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out
George Kelly
concept
growth hormone
babinksi reflex
13. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
opponent-process theory
neofreudian
Repression
variable ratio
14. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
epinephrine
anthropology
interaction
information processing theory
15. Severe mental illness characterized by auditory hallucinations - paranoia and an inability to distinguish reality from fiction
George Kelly
shizophrenia
avoidance-avoidance conflict
etiology
16. Accepted Freud's basic ideas - but doubted sex was all-consuming and gave more credit to consciousness and childhood
Humanism
argument by evidence
information processing theory
neofreudian
17. Stages of development - Stage 8 Wisdom - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - old age / from mid sixties. Some handle death well. Some can be bitter - unhappy - and/or dissatisfied with what they have accomplished or failed to accomplish within their lifetim
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18. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
placebo effect
sympathetic nervous system
Erik Erikson's
significant psychological research
19. Originating in or based on observation or experience
hierarchy of needs
Stockholm syndrome
empirical evidence
cross-sectional study
20. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster
fovea
argument by evidence
Parietal lobe
acetylcholine
21. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
deduction
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Humanism
absolute threshold
22. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
corticosteriods
cross-sectional study
psychoanalysis
algorithm
23. Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relation between two variables is properly demonstrated.
somatic nervous system
frontal lobe
John Locke
internal validity
24. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
secondary reinforcer
avoidance-avoidance conflict
opponent-process theory
parasympathetic nervous system
25. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
neurotransmitter
biology
introspection
abreaction
26. The cause of a disease
primary reinforcer
etiology
differentiation
cognitive
27. Created the 'hierarchy of needs -'--physiological needs - safety & security - love & belonging - self-esteem - self-actualization.
correlation
Abraham Maslow
central nervous system
longitudinal study
28. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
George Kelly
cognitive
Humanism
central nervous system
29. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
sociology
accomodation
parietal lobe
functionalism
30. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
Erik Erikson's
case study
William James
acetylcholine
31. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
clinical psychologist
humanistic
abreaction
Albert Bandura
32. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
criterion validity
Hermann Ebbinghaus
John Locke
sensory adaptation
33. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
external validity
epinephrine
introspection
John Bowlby
34. Portion posterior to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
sociology
central nervous system
synaptic cleft
parietal lobe
35. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
neuroscientist
sociology
Meyer Friedman
Anna Freud
36. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales
endorphins
variable ratio
John Bowlby
babinksi reflex
37. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
synaptic cleft
Erik Erikson's
dependent variable
John Locke
38. Any clinical approach to personality - as Freud's - that sees personality as the result of a dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious factors.
Abraham Maslow
parietal lobe
psychoanalysis
psychodynamic
39. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous
reinforcer
semantic memory
babinksi reflex
Hermann von Helmholtz
40. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
case study
information processing theory
Sternberg's triangular view
cerebellum
41. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills
external validity
Wilhelm Wundt
proactive interference
mastery goals
42. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
naturalistic observation
Erik Erikson's
Gordon Allport
oxytocin
43. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
shizophrenia
deduction
cerebellum
endorphins
44. 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development. GUIDED PARTICIPATION - Children's interaction with knowledgeable adults o
functionalism
Stages of Moral Development
Lev Vygotsky
argument by evidence
45. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
acetylcholine
psychoanalysis
negative punishment
psychodynamic
46. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
deduction
Erik Erikson
William James
neuroscientist
47. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
clinical psychologist
argument by evidence
Meyer Friedman
altruism
48. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
George Kelly
epinephrine
concept
opponent-process theory
49. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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50. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
Lawrence Kohlberg
fovea
cognitive
Erik Erikson's