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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 30 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders






2. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth






3. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu






4. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






5. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip






6. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.






7. Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response






8. Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement - attention - alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia






9. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






10. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it






11. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam






12. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied






13. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in






14. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.






15. Anti adrenaline - affects neurons involved in increased heart rate and the slowing of intestinal activity during stress - and neurons involved in learning - memory - dreaming - waking from sleep - and emotion. increase arousal and boost mood-scarce d






16. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






17. Goals framed in terms of increasing ones competence and skills






18. State whereby a victim forms an emotional attachment to their captors.






19. Stroke bottom of the foot up and across by the toes and the toes fan out






20. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






21. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su






22. A measure of how well the variables of one test (could be personality) measure the same things as the variables of a similar test.






23. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities






24. A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt - survive - and flourish.






25. The central focal point in the retina - around which the eye's cones cluster






26. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable






27. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?


28. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions






29. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders






30. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev






31. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories






32. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron






33. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






34. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (






35. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)






36. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance






37. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






38. Originating in or based on observation or experience






39. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect






40. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.






41. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology






42. (1821-1894) Emphasized a mechanistic and deterministic approach - assuming human sense organs functioned like machines - Neural Impulse: studied reaction times for sensory nerves in humans - demonstrated that speed of conduction was not instantaneous






43. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions






44. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.






45. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






46. A schedule where reinforcement happens after a changing number of responses. Example gambling or sales






47. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






48. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable






49. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas






50. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil


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