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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
drive reduction
interaction
algorithm
Humanism
2. Substance secreted by the anterior pituitary; controls size of an individual by promoting cell division - protein synthesis - and bone growth
somatic nervous system
B.F. Skinner
growth hormone
experimental psychologist
3. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
cerebellum
John Locke
Gordon Allport
Stages of Moral Development
4. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
Stockholm syndrome
secondary reinforcer
semantic memory
drive reduction
5. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary
case study
ACTH
anthropology
Lev Vygotsky
6. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
proactive interference
humanistic
Albert Bandura
neofreudian
7. The cause of a disease
functionalism
etiology
cross-sectional study
correlation
8. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
longitudinal study
cortisol
Meyer Friedman
Erik Erikson's
9. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
algorithm
Erik Erikson's
neurotransmitter
accomodation
10. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
Erik Erikson's
forgetting curve
somatic nervous system
empirical evidence
11. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
semantic memory
limbic system
significant psychological research
variable ratio
12. Stages of development - Stage 4 Competence - Industry vs. Inferiority - School-age / 6-11. Child comparing self worth to others (such as in a classroom environment). Child can recognize major disparities in personal abilities relative to other chil
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13. Observing subjects in their natural environment with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher.
differentiation
naturalistic observation
retina
cortisol
14. Created the Stages of Moral Development - relied for his studies on stories such as the Heinz dilemma - and was interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas
B.F. Skinner
reciprocal determinism
hierarchy of needs
Lawrence Kohlberg
15. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
Stockholm syndrome
secondary reinforcer
primary reinforcer
hierarchy of needs
16. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
Sigmund Freud
absolute threshold
B.F. Skinner
participant observation
17. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
nonrepinephrine
neofreudian
cross-sectional study
clinical psychologist
18. The quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
John Locke
altruism
linear perspective
synaptic cleft
19. Personal Construct Psychology. investigative technique - which would remove the influence of the observer's frame of reference on what was observed. he believed (personal construct theory) our personality consists of our thoughts about ourselves - in
George Kelly
differentiation
social psychologist
sensory adaptation
20. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
Sternberg's triangular view
ACTH
industrial-organizational psychologist
neuroscientist
21. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
neuroscientist
Ivan Pavlov
opponent-process theory
sociology
22. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
social psychologist
cortisol
carl jung
anthropology
23. Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition - which is assumed to be an active agent
case study
placebo effect
Wilhelm Wundt
Repression
24. Theory of child development included the Socratic method of questioning children by guiding them to reflect on their behavior. His emphasis on self-awareness and reflection has been adopted into school curricula and used to help students become criti
reinforcer
carl jung
Jean Piaget
cross-sectional study
25. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
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26. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
social psychologist
Erik Erikson's
absolute threshold
REM sleep
27. The state of being anonymous
cerebellum
independent variable
anonymity
parietal lobe
28. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
epinephrine
cerebellum
dependent variable
absolute threshold
29. Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
primary reinforcer
naturalistic observation
Gordon Allport
William James
30. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
George Kelly
Three phases of memory process
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
limbic system
31. The adjustment of one's schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
retina
Sternberg's triangular view
dependent variable
accomodation
32. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
altruism
Repression
secondary reinforcer
33. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
altruism
William James
functional MRI
displacement
34. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
Erik Erikson's
synaptic cleft
shizophrenia
reinforcer
35. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.
Erik Erikson's
split brain study
experimental research
Erik Erikson's
36. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
neuroscientist
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
linear perspective
opponent-process theory
37. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
Lawrence Kohlberg
epinephrine
case study
cognitive
38. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
external validity
B.F. Skinner
differentiation
biology
39. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.
etiology
Jean Piaget
mastery goals
behavior
40. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
Meyer Friedman
epinephrine
acetylcholine
carl jung
41. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
Humanism
proactive interference
dependent variable
negative punishment
42. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
anthropology
occipital lobe
central nervous system
secondary reinforcer
43. Attachment theory -
John Bowlby
shizophrenia
etiology
cortisol
44. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
synaptic cleft
neuroscientist
case study
babinksi reflex
45. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
corticosteriods
Wilhelm Wundt
neofreudian
reciprocal determinism
46. The part of declarative memory that stores general information such as names and facts.
concept
semantic memory
anonymity
secondary reinforcer
47. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
somatic nervous system
Anna Freud
Gordon Allport
psychoanalysis
48. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
retina
Erik Erikson's
significant psychological research
Erik Erikson's
49. A methodical - logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Ivan Pavlov
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
babinksi reflex
algorithm
50. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
social psychologist
Meyer Friedman
George Kelly
synaptic cleft