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CLEP Intro To Psychology

Subjects : clep, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play






2. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip






3. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's






4. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts






5. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.






6. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts






7. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.






8. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information






9. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment






10. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.


11. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.






12. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.






13. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster






14. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E


15. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers






16. Attachment theory -






17. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities






18. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation






19. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions






20. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults






21. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable






22. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.






23. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect






24. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism






25. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany






26. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.






27. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle






28. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions






29. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).






30. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic






31. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron






32. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period






33. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.






34. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?


35. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need






36. The state of being anonymous






37. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev






38. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.






39. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.






40. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'






41. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.






42. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars






43. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.






44. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced






45. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is


46. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels






47. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways






48. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories






49. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?


50. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.