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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
2. The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body - mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Also called a fight or flight response.
acetylcholine
experimental psychologist
limbic system
sympathetic nervous system
3. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
interaction
Stages of Moral Development
deduction
experimental psychologist
4. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
Erik Erikson's
fixed ratio
deduction
introspection
5. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
Erik Erikson's
clinical psychologist
criterion validity
significant psychological research
6. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
performance goals
fovea
social psychologist
fixed ratio
7. Originating in or based on observation or experience
empirical evidence
Lev Vygotsky
correlation
William James
8. Sensorimotor - birth to language - Preoperational - 2-7 - Concrete Operational - 7 - 11 - Formal Operational 11 - Adult Abstract Thoughts
9. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
psychoanalysis
psychological science
Abraham Maslow
external validity
10. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
absolute threshold
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
Humanism
neofreudian
11. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
proactive interference
George Kelly
displacement
split brain study
12. It is a collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes. Generally - one or more variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable
functional MRI
carl jung
placebo effect
experimental research
13. Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives
John Locke
negative punishment
avoidance-avoidance conflict
variable ratio
14. A psychologist who studies sensation - perception - learning - motivation - and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
Repression
experimental psychologist
secondary reinforcer
functionalism
15. Natural - opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
reinforcer
concept
reciprocal determinism
endorphins
16. Classical conditioning. trained a dog to respond to the sound of a bell by pairing it up with food.
Ivan Pavlov
hierarchy of needs
semantic memory
B.F. Skinner
17. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
Parietal lobe
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
clinical psychologist
synaptic cleft
18. Study of the brain interested in the biological bases of human disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's. Neuroscience is a branch of research that is concerned with the underlying physical changes that accompany brain disorders
acetylcholine
semantic memory
neuroscientist
empirical evidence
19. A 'SNAPSHOT' of a phenomenon such as cancer rate. a number of variables affect one another in a single point in time.
cross-sectional study
carl jung
Hermann von Helmholtz
frontal lobe
20. Simultaneous color contrast: an effect that occurs when surrounding an area with a color changes the appearence of the surrounded area. - the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green - yellow-blue - white-black) enable color vision. For exam
opponent-process theory
Three phases of memory process
sensory adaptation
Erik Erikson's
21. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
naturalistic observation
Jean Piaget
variable ratio
dependent variable
22. A hormone released by the pituitary gland of the brain during childbirth - breastfeeding - and intercourse - causing emotional bonding between persons in whom it is released
Hermann Ebbinghaus
oxytocin
drive reduction
forgetting curve
23. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
Wilhelm Wundt
humanistic
Erik Erikson's
epinephrine
24. Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?) 2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me? Paying for a benefit.) - Level 2 (Conventional) 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms -
Hermann von Helmholtz
Stages of Moral Development
catecholamines
frontal lobe
25. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
growth hormone
CAT scan
Ivan Pavlov
Anna Freud
26. Portion behind to the frontal lobe - responsible for sensations such as pain - temperature - and touch
experimental psychologist
industrial-organizational psychologist
Parietal lobe
absolute threshold
27. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
somatic nervous system
semantic memory
correlation
hierarchy of needs
28. The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that perceives - gathers - interprets - and records incoming sensory information and also sends out communication destined for muscles - glands and internal organs s
Erik Erikson's
central nervous system
neuroscientist
split brain study
29. Images are flashed to the left visual fields (therefore the right hemisphere) and individual cannot name object - but can locate it. Images are flashed to the right visual fields (therefore the left hemisphere) and individual can name object.
REM sleep
split brain study
limbic system
industrial-organizational psychologist
30. The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
epinephrine
somatization
split brain study
cerebellum
31. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye - containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
acetylcholine
retina
fovea
participant observation
32. A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus - amygdala - and hypothala
etiology
Erik Erikson's
differentiation
limbic system
33. Founded by Hermann Ebbinghaus. displays retention of information and forgetting over time. conclusions to this were that most forgetting happens right after learning something. this was modified to that forgetting doesn't occur that quickly if the su
split brain study
forgetting curve
limbic system
differentiation
34. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Erik Erikson's
Albert Bandura
biology
performance goals
35. The scientific study of how we think about - influence - and relate to one another
case study
social psychologist
Hermann Ebbinghaus
John Locke
36. One of the earliest psychologists in America who undertook a rigorous and structures approach to studying personality. He identified the idiographic and nomothetic views to personality.
anonymity
algorithm
Erik Erikson's
Gordon Allport
37. Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome of conflict between the id (irrational unconscious driven by sexual - aggressive - and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (
William James
Sigmund Freud
oxytocin
functionalism
38. English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
John Locke
avoidance-avoidance conflict
placebo effect
acetylcholine
39. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
George Kelly
synaptic cleft
Lawrence Kohlberg
semantic memory
40. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
information processing theory
parasympathetic nervous system
Erik Erikson's
psychoanalysis
41. The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
independent variable
anthropology
altruism
algorithm
42. A therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
clinical psychologist
somatic nervous system
participant observation
epinephrine
43. Present evidence to support your claims
sensory adaptation
naturalistic observation
Stockholm syndrome
argument by evidence
44. Part of the cerebral cortex; coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; involved in complex problem-solving tasks - thinking - self-control - judgment - emotion regulation - personality affects - concentration - goal directed behavior; restructu
frontal lobe
Sternberg's triangular view
Erik Erikson's
criterion validity
45. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
functional MRI
shizophrenia
longitudinal study
Wilhelm Wundt
46. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
drive reduction
epinephrine
experimental research
split brain study
47. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
criterion validity
altruism
concept
Abraham Maslow
48. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it
shizophrenia
forgetting curve
reinforcer
William James
49. Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function.
functionalism
experimental research
sociology
differentiation
50. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
negative punishment
William James
argument by evidence
biology