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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Intro To Psychology
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Subjects
:
clep
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning) - stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls - children mimicked play
Albert Bandura
forgetting curve
proactive interference
semantic memory
2. Researcher who pioneered the development of type A (high achieving - multi-taskers who are always very stressed and in a hurry.) and type B (easy going relaxed and not always in a hurry.) personality types based on how well they respond to the multip
Meyer Friedman
deduction
Hermann Ebbinghaus
longitudinal study
3. A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction. - lack of production is linked to Alzheimer's
sympathetic nervous system
cross-sectional study
acetylcholine
sensory adaptation
4. The denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts
industrial-organizational psychologist
semantic memory
Erik Erikson's
Humanism
5. Observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state - mental processes - etc.; the act of looking within oneself.
accomodation
introspection
catecholamines
frontal lobe
6. Abbreviation for computerized axial tomography - uses a computer and a rotating x-ray device to create detailed - cross-sectional images - or slices - of organs and body parts
opponent-process theory
REM sleep
CAT scan
corticosteriods
7. Findings that provide a multilayered - comprehensive understanding of human behavior. Ex. study of stress and human response has to be done from a biological - social and cognitive perspective.
neofreudian
proactive interference
significant psychological research
correlation
8. How the memory processes information - long term memory - short term memory - sensory information
information processing theory
Stages of Moral Development
Ivan Pavlov
dopamine
9. Theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
reciprocal determinism
neuroscientist
George Kelly
experimental research
10. Stages of development - Stage 2 Will - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - Toddler stage / 1-3 years. Child needs to learn to explore the world. Bad if the parent is too smothering or completely neglectful.
11. Any of several chemical substances - as epinephrine or acetylcholine - that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a postsynaptic element - as another nerve - muscle - or gland.
neurotransmitter
catecholamines
epinephrine
negative punishment
12. Reciprocal action - effect - or influence.
dependent variable
Hermann Ebbinghaus
interaction
Erik Erikson's
13. Adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster - stopping digestion - enlarging pupils - sending sugar into the bloodstream - preparing a blood clot faster
epinephrine
fovea
anthropology
forgetting curve
14. Stages of development - Stage 3 Purpose - Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool / 3-6 years - Can the child plan or do things on his own - such as dress him or herself. If 'guilty' about making his or her own choices - the child will not function well. E
15. A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
fixed ratio
introspection
primary reinforcer
industrial-organizational psychologist
16. Attachment theory -
introspection
occipital lobe
John Bowlby
linear perspective
17. Technique of field research - used in anthropology and sociology - by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing in its activities
nonrepinephrine
participant observation
Sternberg's triangular view
Humanism
18. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian - analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy - not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation
carl jung
semantic memory
William James
naturalistic observation
19. Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
catecholamines
parasympathetic nervous system
neuroscientist
psychoanalysis
20. Rapid low-amplitude waves. less prevalent in adults
Erik Erikson's
REM sleep
abreaction
anonymity
21. The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
mastery goals
participant observation
acetylcholine
dependent variable
22. The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body - conserving its energy.
parasympathetic nervous system
functionalism
criterion validity
nonrepinephrine
23. The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
introspection
Gordon Allport
parasympathetic nervous system
absolute threshold
24. Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others - being judged favorably - and avoiding criticism
Ivan Pavlov
synaptic cleft
performance goals
experimental research
25. Considered the Father of modern psychology; study of mental processes - introspection - and self-exam; established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig - Germany
accomodation
Wilhelm Wundt
algorithm
differentiation
26. Mental categories that help our brains group objects that have common properties.
opponent-process theory
acetylcholine
concept
performance goals
27. Focused on child psychoanalysis - fully developed defense mechanisms - emphasized importance of the ego and its constant struggle
drive reduction
Anna Freud
dependent variable
case study
28. Act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma. Relieve inflammation - reduce swelling - and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
REM sleep
Ivan Pavlov
corticosteriods
Erik Erikson's
29. Behavioral approach - the attempt to relate overt (open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret) responses to observable environmental stimuli (something that excites an organism or part to functional activity).
Lawrence Kohlberg
Stages of Moral Development
reinforcer
psychological science
30. A systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true - esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic
neurotransmitter
deduction
Stages of Moral Development
Erik Erikson's
31. A microscopic gap between the terminal button of one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Erik Erikson's
B.F. Skinner
synaptic cleft
32. Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period
longitudinal study
semantic memory
epinephrine
behavior
33. A study of an individual unit - as a person - family - or social group - usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment - especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit.
case study
functional MRI
experimental research
babinksi reflex
34. Stages of development - Stage 6 Love (in intimate relationships - work and family) - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adult / mid twenties till early forties. Who do I want to be with or date - what am I going to do with my life? Will I settle down?
35. An innately reinforcing stimulus - such as one that satisfies a biological need
algorithm
significant psychological research
primary reinforcer
fovea
36. The state of being anonymous
introspection
anonymity
limbic system
Abraham Maslow
37. Maslow's pyramid of human needs - beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active - Maslow's Theory of Motivation which states that we must achiev
fixed ratio
algorithm
acetylcholine
hierarchy of needs
38. The study of the relationships among psychology - the nervous and endocrine systems - and the immune system.
Psychoneuroimmunology or PNI
information processing theory
occipital lobe
concept
39. A negative condition is introduced to reduce a behavior.
accomodation
humanistic
cortisol
negative punishment
40. Neo-Freudian - humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting 'Who am I?'
endorphins
Erik Erikson's
REM sleep
Erik Erikson
41. The extent to which data collected from a sample can be generalized to the entire population.
external validity
Lawrence Kohlberg
synaptic cleft
experimental psychologist
42. Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer - such as praise - tokens - or gold stars
case study
secondary reinforcer
Hermann von Helmholtz
behavior
43. The aggregate (sum or assemblage of many separate units; sum total) of responses to internal and external stimuli.
somatic nervous system
criterion validity
corticosteriods
behavior
44. Describes a schedule of reinforcement wherein a worker is paid for a certain sum for each product produced
argument by evidence
fixed ratio
B.F. Skinner
sociology
45. Stages of development - Stage 7 Caring - Generativity vs. Stagnation - early forties till mid sixties / starts as the Mid-life crisis. Measure accomplishments/failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is
46. Secreted from the adrenal cortex - aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels
Hermann von Helmholtz
differentiation
cortisol
Erik Erikson's
47. Physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or habitual ways
drive reduction
Erik Erikson
Piaget's theory of child cognitive development 4 stages
biology
48. In psychoanalytic theory - the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts - feelings - and memories
Repression
John Bowlby
carl jung
Anna Freud
49. Stages of development - Stage 1 Hope - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust - Infant stage / 0-1 year. Does the child believe its caregivers to be reliable?
50. The science that deals with the origins - physical and cultural development - biological characteristics - and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
experimental psychologist
anthropology
fovea
limbic system