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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basically - density and quality of civil society
Civic Engagement
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Terrorism
2. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets
International Relations
Consolidation
Terrorism
Collective action problem: Solutions
3. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?
Authoritarianism
Collective action problem: Solutions
Conservatism
Bureaucracy
4. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Madison's dilemma
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Patronage
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
5. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.
Advantages of Social Movements
Threshold
Observational Laws
Unicameral Legislature
6. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.
Consolidation
Bureaucracy
Why States/Governments
Empirical Knowledge
7. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals
Conservatism
Political Violence
Fascism
Socialism
8. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies
Madison's dilemma
Conservatism
Fascism
Economics
9. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.
Liberalism
Totalitarianism
International Relations
Party System
10. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors
Quantitative
Theories
State Strength
Ideology
11. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Contestation
Primordialism
Liberalism
Disadvantages of Social Movements
12. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.
Identity
Theories
Regime type
Criticisms of Rational Choice
13. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Democracy
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Identity
14. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
District Magnitude
(Civil) Society
Ideology
Sovereignty
15. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Significance of Collective action problem
Democracy
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Regime type
16. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say
Liberalism
Socialism
Participation
Primordialism
17. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.
International Relations
Political Factors of Strong States
Nation
Politics
18. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Primordialism
Three types of Political Organization
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Liberalism
19. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Advantages of Social Movements
Patronage
Authoritarianism
Culture
20. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Liberalism
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Democracy
Method of Inference
21. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')
Qualitative method
Subfields of Political Science
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Sovereignty
22. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Constitution
Consensual
Constructivism
Contestation
23. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Civic Engagement
Social Movements
Authoritarianism
Fascism
24. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Social Movements: Causes
Quantitative
political equality
25. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Empirical Knowledge
State Strength
Consensual
26. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Empirical Knowledge
Qualitative method
Bureaucracy
Classic Liberal Argument
27. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G
Socialism
Economics
Consolidation
Communism
28. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Subfields of Political Science
Conservatism
Civic Engagement
Why States/Governments
29. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
Political Factors of Strong States
Totalitarianism
Social Movements
Collective action problem: Solutions
30. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Contestation
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Empirical Knowledge
Three types of Political Organization
31. Shared sets of meanings
Method of Inference
Culture
Party System
Three types of Political Organization
32. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
Collective action problem: causes
Advantages of Social Movements
Communism
Gender as a Category
33. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program
Ideology
Classic Liberal Argument
Conservatism
Collective action problem: Solutions
34. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
District Magnitude
Revolution
Threshold
Solidarity
35. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
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36. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.
Participation
Science
Constitution
Unicameral Legislature
37. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Identity
Political Party
Advantages of Social Movements
38. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
Constructivism
District Magnitude
Empirical Knowledge
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
39. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers
Interest Groups
Participation
Political Identity
Observational/Evidential
40. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues
Political Factors of Strong States
Gender as a Category
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Patronage
41. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.
Political Theory
Madison's dilemma
Utilitarian Justification
Qualitative method
42. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Economics
Qualitative method
Nation
Party System
43. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial
Threshold
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Bureaucracy
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
44. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact
Nation
Advantages of Social Movements
Social Movements: Causes
Authoritarianism
45. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Solidarity
Economics
Criticisms of Rational Choice
District Magnitude
46. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism
Three types of Political Organization
Patronage
Classic Liberal Argument
Non-democratic regimes
47. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations
Political Theory
Science
classic Liberalism
(Civil) Society
48. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Regime type
Classic Liberal Argument
Fascism
Totalitarianism
49. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Observational/Evidential
Comparative Government
(Civil) Society
Classic Liberal Argument
50. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Liberalism
Political Theory
Communism