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CLEP Political Science
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clep
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political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies
Method of Inference
Political Violence
Gender as a Process
Conservatism
2. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?
Participation
Observational/Evidential
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Collective action problem: Solutions
3. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
Constitution
State Strength
District Magnitude
Socialism
4. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Social Movements
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Comparative Government
Communism
5. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Observational Laws
Political Science
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Conservatism
6. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals
Gender as a Process
Qualitative method
Political Violence
Economics
7. Basically - density and quality of civil society
Totalitarianism
Civic Engagement
Terrorism
Theories
8. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Bureaucracy
Unicameral Legislature
Political Factors of Strong States
International Relations
9. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
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10. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.
Political Theory
Civic Engagement
Constructivism
Consolidation
11. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Empirical Knowledge
Consensual
Totalitarianism
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
12. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Fascism
District Magnitude
Theories
Economics
13. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Threshold
Communism
Primordialism
Subfields of Political Science
14. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.
State Strength
Socialism
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
International Relations
15. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone
Political Violence
Socialism
Political Theory
Unicameral Legislature
16. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity
Democracy
Identity
Nation
Party System
17. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Significance of Collective action problem
Why States/Governments
Constructivism
Three types of Political Organization
18. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
Regime type
Authoritarianism
District Magnitude
Subfields of Political Science
19. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Subfields of Political Science
Conservatism
Consolidation
Threshold
20. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions
Political Identity
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Non-democratic regimes
Three types of Political Organization
21. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Qualitative method
Classic Liberal Argument
Theories
22. Shared sets of meanings
Collective action problem: Solutions
Culture
Advantages of Social Movements
Political Violence
23. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Three types of Political Organization
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Advantages of Social Movements
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
24. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Democracy
Contestation
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
25. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.
Comparative Government
Political Theory
Constitution
Utilitarian Justification
26. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Science
Madison's dilemma
Advantages of Social Movements
27. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Political Party
Political Identity
Majoritarian
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
28. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program
classic Liberalism
Gender as a Category
Ideology
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
29. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics
Regime type
Ideology
Socialism
Advantages of Social Movements
30. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Classic Liberal Argument
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Culture
Collective action problem: Solutions
31. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
Sovereignty
Culture
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Party System
32. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
Gender as a Category
Political Science
Fascism
Comparative Government
33. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')
State
Observational Laws
Majoritarian
Economics
34. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
Observational Laws
Observational/Evidential
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Collective action problem: causes
35. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Participation
Bureaucracy
36. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
Consensual
Constitution
Party System
Method of Inference
37. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Science
Political Identity
Terrorism
Primordialism
38. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Non-democratic regimes
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Constitution
Ideology
39. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally
political equality
Observational Laws
Subfields of Political Science
Qualitative method
40. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Civic Engagement
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
(Civil) Society
Participation
41. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Constructivism
Political Theory
Political Party
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
42. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.
Observational Laws
Consolidation
Totalitarianism
Terrorism
43. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.
Empirical Knowledge
Terrorism
classic Liberalism
Socialism
44. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary
Majoritarian
Qualitative method
Participation
Consolidation
45. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Constructivism
Authoritarianism
Classic Liberal Argument
Solidarity
46. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Political Identity
Political Factors of Strong States
Theories
47. A government with a one house legislature.
Contestation
Unicameral Legislature
State Strength
Observational/Evidential
48. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Qualitative method
Party System
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
49. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')
Identity
Ideology
Patronage
Totalitarianism
50. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.
Transition
Party System
Non-democratic regimes
Political Theory
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