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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
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Subjects
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clep
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political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Liberalism
Politics
Method of Inference
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
2. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Classic Liberal Argument
Theories
Constructivism
Contestation
3. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Revolution
Observational Laws
Constitution
Communism
4. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Constitution
Interest Groups
Political Science
Significance of Collective action problem
5. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
Classic Liberal Argument
Why States/Governments
Non-democratic regimes
Political Science
6. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial
International Relations
Political Factors of Strong States
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Threshold
7. Efficiency vs. representativeness
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8. Shared sets of meanings
Identity
Political Theory
Culture
Democracy
9. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally
Constitution
Advantages of Social Movements
political equality
Totalitarianism
10. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.
Political Science
Significance of Collective action problem
International Relations
Patronage
11. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Madison's dilemma
Bureaucracy
Democracy
Interest Groups
12. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues
Gender as a Category
Liberalism
International Relations
Madison's dilemma
13. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Method of Inference
Consensual
Sovereignty
Fascism
14. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Primordialism
Communism
Consensual
(Civil) Society
15. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Political Factors of Strong States
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Social Movements: Causes
16. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')
Qualitative method
Political Violence
classic Liberalism
Utilitarian Justification
17. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements
classic Liberalism
Three types of Political Organization
Terrorism
Civic Engagement
18. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Economics
Collective action problem: causes
Quantitative
Disadvantages of Social Movements
19. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
Gender as a Category
Political Factors of Strong States
Civic Engagement
Majoritarian
20. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Method of Inference
Subfields of Political Science
Identity
Gender as a Category
21. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions
Unicameral Legislature
Transition
Political Identity
Revolution
22. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
State
District Magnitude
Political Factors of Strong States
Political Party
23. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
Communism
Empirical Knowledge
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Solidarity
24. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
State
Primordialism
Constitution
State Strength
25. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
classic Liberalism
(Civil) Society
Patronage
Political Theory
26. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Bureaucracy
Identity
Theories
27. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
Civic Engagement
Method of Inference
Collective action problem: Solutions
Constitution
28. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact
Liberalism
Social Movements: Causes
Regime type
Comparative Government
29. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Political Party
Collective action problem: causes
Ideology
Regime type
30. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Majoritarian
Political Party
Authority
Classic Liberal Argument
31. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
classic Liberalism
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Gender as a Process
Collective action problem: causes
32. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
District Magnitude
Economics
Nation
Political Factors of Strong States
33. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration
Solidarity
Threshold
Democracy
Terrorism
34. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Terrorism
Why States/Governments
Sovereignty
Unicameral Legislature
35. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'
Patronage
Revolution
Non-democratic regimes
Terrorism
36. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')
Bureaucracy
Terrorism
Majoritarian
Patronage
37. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say
Participation
Conservatism
Bureaucracy
Communism
38. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Transition
Gender as a Category
Comparative Government
Revolution
39. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Gender as a Process
Social Movements: Causes
Totalitarianism
Constitution
40. A government with a one house legislature.
Unicameral Legislature
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Political Factors of Strong States
Method of Inference
41. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Authoritarianism
Liberalism
Democracy
42. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
Conservatism
Sovereignty
Authority
Subfields of Political Science
43. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki
Political Science
Collective action problem: causes
Observational/Evidential
Social Movements
44. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services
Political Theory
Economics
Bureaucracy
Transition
45. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone
Advantages of Social Movements
Consolidation
Madison's dilemma
Socialism
46. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program
Ideology
Science
Regime type
Democracy
47. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali
Observational Laws
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Transition
Three types of Political Organization
48. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors
Quantitative
Transition
Patronage
Party System
49. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling
Communism
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
50. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.
Political Factors of Strong States
Patronage
Constitution
Significance of Collective action problem