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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone
Theories
Communism
Culture
Socialism
2. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
International Relations
Method of Inference
Threshold
Civic Engagement
3. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal
Observational Laws
Consensual
Regime type
Culture
4. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.
Identity
International Relations
Political Science
Observational/Evidential
5. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.
Terrorism
classic Liberalism
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Qualitative method
6. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.
Constitution
Method of Inference
Political Theory
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
7. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.
Observational Laws
Interest Groups
Collective action problem: causes
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
8. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Empirical Knowledge
Bureaucracy
Culture
9. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Interest Groups
Political Party
Unicameral Legislature
Significance of Collective action problem
10. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Quantitative
Primordialism
Terrorism
Political Factors of Strong States
11. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers
Patronage
Threshold
Interest Groups
Constructivism
12. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
State Strength
Science
13. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Political Factors of Strong States
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Observational/Evidential
14. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary
Majoritarian
Regime type
Qualitative method
Gender as a Category
15. Efficiency vs. representativeness
16. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
Classic Liberal Argument
Political Factors of Strong States
Sovereignty
Threshold
17. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
Civic Engagement
Collective action problem: causes
Constructivism
Constitution
18. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics
Threshold
classic Liberalism
Terrorism
Advantages of Social Movements
19. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements
Social Movements
Three types of Political Organization
Conservatism
Democracy
20. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Revolution
Threshold
Communism
Political Violence
21. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.
Theories
Political Science
Social Movements: Causes
Science
22. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?
Constitution
Gender as a Category
Gender as a Process
Collective action problem: Solutions
23. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Liberalism
Authoritarianism
Non-democratic regimes
Totalitarianism
24. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact
Classic Liberal Argument
State Strength
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Social Movements: Causes
25. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
Political Science
Significance of Collective action problem
Party System
Civic Engagement
26. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')
District Magnitude
State
Utilitarian Justification
Consolidation
27. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Bureaucracy
classic Liberalism
Identity
Terrorism
28. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')
Patronage
(Civil) Society
Majoritarian
Socialism
29. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Subfields of Political Science
Civic Engagement
Ideology
International Relations
30. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.
International Relations
Authority
Political Theory
Authoritarianism
31. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Conservatism
Constitution
32. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali
Transition
Conservatism
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Observational Laws
33. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G
State
Consolidation
Why States/Governments
Non-democratic regimes
34. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game
Constitution
Primordialism
Madison's dilemma
Threshold
35. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration
Collective action problem: Solutions
Threshold
political equality
Consensual
36. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
Transition
Advantages of Social Movements
Constitution
Solidarity
37. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Collective action problem: Solutions
Classic Liberal Argument
Authoritarianism
38. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Political Science
Communism
Non-democratic regimes
(Civil) Society
39. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Gender as a Category
Conservatism
Identity
Constructivism
40. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
(Civil) Society
Gender as a Process
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
41. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Party System
Unicameral Legislature
Constitution
Fascism
42. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Why States/Governments
Bureaucracy
Science
State Strength
43. The making of collectively binding decisions
Political Party
Politics
Consensual
Observational/Evidential
44. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity
Unicameral Legislature
Why States/Governments
Economics
Identity
45. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say
Participation
Subfields of Political Science
Non-democratic regimes
Quantitative
46. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Interest Groups
Bureaucracy
Criticisms of Rational Choice
47. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally
political equality
Patronage
Political Science
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
48. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets
Terrorism
Quantitative
classic Liberalism
Why States/Governments
49. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Gender as a Category
Qualitative method
Classic Liberal Argument
Consolidation
50. A government with a one house legislature.
Socialism
Political Violence
Ideology
Unicameral Legislature