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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
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Subjects
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clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')
Patronage
Madison's dilemma
Non-democratic regimes
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
2. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact
Socialism
Social Movements: Causes
Conservatism
Authoritarianism
3. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Constructivism
Science
District Magnitude
Liberalism
4. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Utilitarian Justification
Observational Laws
classic Liberalism
5. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Solidarity
Civic Engagement
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Totalitarianism
6. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes
Primordialism
Comparative Government
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Culture
7. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki
Social Movements
Totalitarianism
Unicameral Legislature
Political Science
8. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.
Participation
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Socialism
Theories
9. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions
Classic Liberal Argument
Collective action problem: causes
Interest Groups
Political Identity
10. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Observational Laws
Disadvantages of Social Movements
political equality
11. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
Sovereignty
Civic Engagement
Political Factors of Strong States
Observational Laws
12. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Totalitarianism
Political Science
Socialism
Democracy
13. Shared sets of meanings
Madison's dilemma
Culture
Political Factors of Strong States
Comparative Government
14. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Constitution
Authoritarianism
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
15. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Primordialism
State
Socialism
Disadvantages of Social Movements
16. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
Culture
Three types of Political Organization
District Magnitude
Nation
17. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')
Revolution
Primordialism
District Magnitude
State
18. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.
Political Violence
Transition
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Observational/Evidential
19. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers
Interest Groups
Constructivism
Party System
Liberalism
20. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally
Theories
political equality
Observational Laws
Subfields of Political Science
21. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.
Theories
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Democracy
Classic Liberal Argument
22. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Fascism
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Liberalism
Madison's dilemma
23. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Gender as a Category
Contestation
Authoritarianism
24. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
(Civil) Society
Authoritarianism
International Relations
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
25. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Fascism
Bureaucracy
Significance of Collective action problem
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
26. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone
Socialism
Observational Laws
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Observational/Evidential
27. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Significance of Collective action problem
Madison's dilemma
Nation
Classic Liberal Argument
28. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues
Science
political equality
Gender as a Category
Political Science
29. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.
Political Violence
Nation
classic Liberalism
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
30. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
Culture
classic Liberalism
Political Science
Transition
31. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Terrorism
Non-democratic regimes
Classic Liberal Argument
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
32. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors
Theories
Quantitative
Socialism
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
33. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration
Transition
Ideology
Consensual
Threshold
34. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Observational/Evidential
Comparative Government
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Classic Liberal Argument
35. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
Economics
(Civil) Society
Method of Inference
Collective action problem: causes
36. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
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37. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services
Economics
Threshold
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Disadvantages of Social Movements
38. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Conservatism
Collective action problem: causes
Method of Inference
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
39. it works better in the long run - less risk/variability
Revolution
Liberalism
Identity
Utilitarian Justification
40. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
Liberalism
State Strength
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Revolution
41. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Political Identity
Patronage
Political Factors of Strong States
42. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.
Madison's dilemma
Political Theory
Democracy
Method of Inference
43. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
Solidarity
District Magnitude
Advantages of Social Movements
Culture
44. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.
Liberalism
International Relations
Totalitarianism
Collective action problem: causes
45. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Regime type
Communism
Primordialism
Empirical Knowledge
46. A government with a one house legislature.
Political Factors of Strong States
Nation
Unicameral Legislature
Threshold
47. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.
Transition
Empirical Knowledge
Economics
Observational Laws
48. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary
Empirical Knowledge
State
Collective action problem: Solutions
Majoritarian
49. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Communism
Consensual
Why States/Governments
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
50. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Majoritarian
Subfields of Political Science
Social Movements
Party System