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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary






2. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?






3. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...






4. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






5. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized






6. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






7. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'






8. Efficiency vs. representativeness

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9. The making of collectively binding decisions






10. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3






11. Basically - density and quality of civil society






12. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki






13. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






14. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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15. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal






16. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G






17. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.






18. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services






19. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






20. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game






21. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.






22. Shared sets of meanings






23. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






24. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable






25. A government with a one house legislature.






26. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






27. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






28. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)






29. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






30. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






31. monopoly over the legitimate use of force






32. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica






33. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






34. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial






35. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






36. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')






37. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






38. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.






39. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






40. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






41. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?






42. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






43. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.






44. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






45. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






46. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






47. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration






48. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.






49. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali






50. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.







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