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CLEP Political Science
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Subjects
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clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary
Utilitarian Justification
Political Factors of Strong States
Constructivism
Majoritarian
2. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?
Collective action problem: Solutions
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
(Civil) Society
District Magnitude
3. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Threshold
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Contestation
Nation
4. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.
Fascism
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Political Identity
International Relations
5. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Primordialism
Consolidation
Consensual
Party System
6. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
International Relations
Totalitarianism
Revolution
Non-democratic regimes
7. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'
Revolution
Political Science
Quantitative
Terrorism
8. Efficiency vs. representativeness
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9. The making of collectively binding decisions
Political Factors of Strong States
Politics
Majoritarian
Contestation
10. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Primordialism
Collective action problem: causes
Revolution
Liberalism
11. Basically - density and quality of civil society
Ideology
Civic Engagement
Solidarity
Constitution
12. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki
Method of Inference
Empirical Knowledge
District Magnitude
Social Movements
13. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Observational/Evidential
Significance of Collective action problem
Democracy
Fascism
14. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
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15. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal
Utilitarian Justification
Consensual
Collective action problem: Solutions
Political Science
16. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G
Consolidation
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Unicameral Legislature
Patronage
17. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.
Political Theory
Threshold
Economics
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
18. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services
Quantitative
Totalitarianism
Economics
District Magnitude
19. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.
Constructivism
State
Fascism
Theories
20. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game
classic Liberalism
Three types of Political Organization
Solidarity
Constitution
21. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.
Regime type
Bureaucracy
State
Consolidation
22. Shared sets of meanings
Contestation
Political Theory
Culture
Comparative Government
23. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Contestation
Economics
Liberalism
Unicameral Legislature
24. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Classic Liberal Argument
Constitution
Solidarity
(Civil) Society
25. A government with a one house legislature.
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Unicameral Legislature
Terrorism
Science
26. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Theories
Democracy
Authoritarianism
Bureaucracy
27. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Why States/Governments
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Political Theory
28. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
Political Factors of Strong States
Fascism
Collective action problem: causes
International Relations
29. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
Collective action problem: causes
Threshold
Consolidation
Socialism
30. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
Constructivism
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
District Magnitude
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
31. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
Ideology
Interest Groups
Sovereignty
Politics
32. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Democracy
State
Comparative Government
Socialism
33. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Participation
Conservatism
Collective action problem: Solutions
(Civil) Society
34. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial
Authority
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Comparative Government
Fascism
35. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Disadvantages of Social Movements
International Relations
Authority
36. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')
State
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Unicameral Legislature
State Strength
37. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Constructivism
(Civil) Society
Classic Liberal Argument
Bureaucracy
38. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.
Party System
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Consensual
Utilitarian Justification
39. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Identity
Authoritarianism
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
40. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Bureaucracy
Unicameral Legislature
Why States/Governments
Contestation
41. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Consensual
Democracy
State
Communism
42. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Subfields of Political Science
political equality
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Terrorism
43. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.
Gender as a Process
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Subfields of Political Science
Constitution
44. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors
Political Identity
Observational/Evidential
Quantitative
Collective action problem: causes
45. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Comparative Government
Science
Significance of Collective action problem
Criticisms of Rational Choice
46. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes
Ideology
Consolidation
Regime type
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
47. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration
Empirical Knowledge
Significance of Collective action problem
Threshold
Social Movements
48. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.
Economics
Empirical Knowledge
Classic Liberal Argument
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
49. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali
Unicameral Legislature
Social Movements: Causes
Transition
Collective action problem: Solutions
50. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Political Identity
Political Science
Constitution
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