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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






2. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?






3. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy






4. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica






5. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






6. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals






7. Basically - density and quality of civil society






8. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






9. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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10. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.






11. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






12. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?






13. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?






14. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.






15. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone






16. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity






17. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






18. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






19. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






20. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions






21. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






22. Shared sets of meanings






23. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






24. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial






25. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.






26. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling






27. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






28. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program






29. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics






30. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable






31. monopoly over the legitimate use of force






32. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






33. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')






34. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






35. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






36. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish






37. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized






38. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






39. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally






40. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






41. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






42. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.






43. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.






44. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary






45. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






46. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






47. A government with a one house legislature.






48. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






49. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')






50. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.







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