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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






2. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






3. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?






4. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration






5. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.






6. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone






7. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






8. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues






9. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






10. America's two ideologies (Liberal and Conservative) are two versions of classic liberalism






11. The making of collectively binding decisions






12. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






13. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions






14. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.






15. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






16. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G






17. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services






18. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)






19. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






20. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')






21. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica






22. Efficiency vs. representativeness

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23. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact






24. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






25. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3






26. Basically - density and quality of civil society






27. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.






28. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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29. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally






30. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.






31. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






32. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...






33. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.






34. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






35. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






36. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism






37. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program






38. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






39. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






40. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary






41. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






42. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






43. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals






44. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial






45. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.






46. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






47. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali






48. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance






49. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






50. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy







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