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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






2. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G






3. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






4. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki






5. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized






6. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy






7. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






8. America's two ideologies (Liberal and Conservative) are two versions of classic liberalism






9. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






10. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?






11. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.






12. Efficiency vs. representativeness

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13. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.






14. it works better in the long run - less risk/variability






15. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






16. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






17. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






18. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






19. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






20. The making of collectively binding decisions






21. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services






22. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.






23. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program






24. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity






25. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...






26. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






27. Basically - density and quality of civil society






28. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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29. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






30. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions






31. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






32. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling






33. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






34. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact






35. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally






36. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say






37. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone






38. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali






39. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable






40. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






41. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')






42. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






43. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.






44. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.






45. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






46. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements






47. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial






48. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.






49. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






50. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?