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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shared sets of meanings






2. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






3. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






4. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






5. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers






6. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






7. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...






8. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3






9. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial






10. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






11. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki






12. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






13. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity






14. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






15. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






16. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G






17. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized






18. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






19. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






20. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.






21. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services






22. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program






23. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






24. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






25. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics






26. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






27. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements






28. monopoly over the legitimate use of force






29. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






30. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')






31. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






32. A government with a one house legislature.






33. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game






34. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.






35. Force + Legitimacy






36. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






37. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)






38. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.






39. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance






40. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact






41. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'






42. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






43. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?






44. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism






45. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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46. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






47. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






48. America's two ideologies (Liberal and Conservative) are two versions of classic liberalism






49. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






50. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')







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