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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues






2. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...






3. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.






4. America's two ideologies (Liberal and Conservative) are two versions of classic liberalism






5. Force + Legitimacy






6. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity






7. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






8. monopoly over the legitimate use of force






9. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.






10. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






11. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






12. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






13. Efficiency vs. representativeness

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14. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki






15. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






16. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






17. A government with a one house legislature.






18. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone






19. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






20. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






21. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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22. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')






23. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling






24. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






25. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.






26. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal






27. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3






28. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism






29. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable






30. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game






31. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally






32. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say






33. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






34. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized






35. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






36. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






37. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.






38. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






39. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






40. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary






41. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals






42. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.






43. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






44. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers






45. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics






46. The making of collectively binding decisions






47. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G






48. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?






49. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services






50. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations