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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact






2. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance






3. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






4. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.






5. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary






6. Force + Legitimacy






7. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally






8. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






9. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues






10. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






11. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3






12. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






13. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






14. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals






15. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






16. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers






17. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






18. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali






19. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial






20. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?






21. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






22. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal






23. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements






24. Basically - density and quality of civil society






25. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program






26. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?






27. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling






28. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






29. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations






30. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration






31. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized






32. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions






33. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.






34. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone






35. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.






36. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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37. Efficiency vs. representativeness

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38. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy






39. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'






40. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






41. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






42. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.






43. it works better in the long run - less risk/variability






44. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.






45. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






46. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






47. A government with a one house legislature.






48. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica






49. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity






50. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.







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