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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki






2. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






3. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






4. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.






5. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?






6. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.






7. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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8. Force + Legitimacy






9. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G






10. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






11. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact






12. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






13. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally






14. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






15. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.






16. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.






17. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






18. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')






19. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling






20. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






21. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy






22. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements






23. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






24. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






25. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






26. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.






27. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






28. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






29. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica






30. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity






31. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






32. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






33. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






34. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






35. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.






36. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






37. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






38. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.






39. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?






40. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3






41. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.






42. The making of collectively binding decisions






43. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.






44. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals






45. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration






46. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable






47. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations






48. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






49. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say






50. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either







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