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CLEP Political Science
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Subjects
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clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'
Why States/Governments
Revolution
Advantages of Social Movements
Non-democratic regimes
2. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Terrorism
Madison's dilemma
Gender as a Category
Bureaucracy
3. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
Criticisms of Rational Choice
State Strength
Culture
Three types of Political Organization
4. Force + Legitimacy
Authority
Social Movements: Causes
Method of Inference
Regime type
5. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Utilitarian Justification
Constructivism
Politics
State
6. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
Political Theory
Madison's dilemma
Method of Inference
Theories
7. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact
Political Theory
Culture
Utilitarian Justification
Social Movements: Causes
8. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations
Science
Constitution
Method of Inference
Ideology
9. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?
Collective action problem: Solutions
Political Factors of Strong States
Constitution
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
10. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
Solidarity
Transition
State
Unicameral Legislature
11. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
classic Liberalism
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Qualitative method
Collective action problem: causes
12. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Why States/Governments
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Observational/Evidential
Party System
13. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')
Contestation
Social Movements
Political Identity
Patronage
14. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Consolidation
Collective action problem: causes
Politics
Significance of Collective action problem
15. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
International Relations
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Constitution
Liberalism
16. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
State Strength
Significance of Collective action problem
Political Science
Collective action problem: causes
17. Efficiency vs. representativeness
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18. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Gender as a Category
classic Liberalism
Unicameral Legislature
19. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali
Fascism
Transition
Primordialism
Social Movements
20. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal
Conservatism
Three types of Political Organization
Socialism
Consensual
21. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.
Nation
Social Movements: Causes
Gender as a Process
Liberalism
22. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Nation
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Regime type
23. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Constitution
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Political Factors of Strong States
24. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.
Regime type
Political Party
Three types of Political Organization
Solidarity
25. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Primordialism
Consensual
Consolidation
Participation
26. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Identity
political equality
27. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally
State Strength
Utilitarian Justification
Unicameral Legislature
political equality
28. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers
Conservatism
Political Factors of Strong States
Interest Groups
Majoritarian
29. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone
International Relations
Empirical Knowledge
Advantages of Social Movements
Socialism
30. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Terrorism
Economics
Social Movements: Causes
(Civil) Society
31. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Subfields of Political Science
Observational Laws
Participation
Threshold
32. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Terrorism
Advantages of Social Movements
Political Theory
Authoritarianism
33. it works better in the long run - less risk/variability
Conservatism
Politics
Utilitarian Justification
Sovereignty
34. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics
Participation
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Consolidation
Advantages of Social Movements
35. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Liberalism
Constitution
Three types of Political Organization
36. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Three types of Political Organization
Comparative Government
Constitution
Why States/Governments
37. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions
Socialism
Classic Liberal Argument
Political Identity
Politics
38. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game
Political Party
Threshold
Constitution
Revolution
39. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
Nation
Theories
Sovereignty
Primordialism
40. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Contestation
Authoritarianism
Collective action problem: causes
State
41. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues
Collective action problem: causes
Science
Gender as a Category
Consolidation
42. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program
Contestation
Ideology
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Political Violence
43. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
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44. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Socialism
Political Party
Gender as a Category
45. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial
Why States/Governments
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Sovereignty
Political Theory
46. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling
District Magnitude
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Regime type
Collective action problem: causes
47. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Consensual
Civic Engagement
Terrorism
48. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
State Strength
Political Factors of Strong States
Party System
Political Theory
49. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Madison's dilemma
Quantitative
Classic Liberal Argument
50. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Advantages of Social Movements
Fascism
Gender as a Category
Observational Laws
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