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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)






2. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






3. Efficiency vs. representativeness

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4. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






5. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






6. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')






7. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?






8. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






9. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






10. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.






11. A government with a one house legislature.






12. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy






13. Basically - density and quality of civil society






14. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements






15. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)






16. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish






17. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






18. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






19. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






20. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






21. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.






22. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.






23. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals






24. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






25. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






26. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.






27. monopoly over the legitimate use of force






28. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






29. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






30. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?






31. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.






32. it works better in the long run - less risk/variability






33. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






34. America's two ideologies (Liberal and Conservative) are two versions of classic liberalism






35. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






36. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say






37. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






38. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program






39. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary






40. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






41. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game






42. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')






43. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services






44. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable






45. Force + Legitimacy






46. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






47. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'






48. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.






49. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal






50. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized







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