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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.
Madison's dilemma
Method of Inference
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
political equality
2. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone
Liberalism
Totalitarianism
Unicameral Legislature
Socialism
3. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Political Violence
Nation
Solidarity
Collective action problem: Solutions
4. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Patronage
Revolution
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Significance of Collective action problem
5. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Three types of Political Organization
Observational/Evidential
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Classic Liberal Argument
6. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Liberalism
Political Identity
Regime type
Bureaucracy
7. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes
Contestation
Authority
Constitution
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
8. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations
Why States/Governments
Science
Patronage
Terrorism
9. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals
Political Violence
Gender as a Process
Party System
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
10. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
Gender as a Category
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Social Movements: Causes
Political Factors of Strong States
11. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?
Collective action problem: Solutions
political equality
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Identity
12. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G
Nation
Party System
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Consolidation
13. Efficiency vs. representativeness
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14. The making of collectively binding decisions
Primordialism
Politics
Identity
Sovereignty
15. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics
Participation
State Strength
Advantages of Social Movements
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
16. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Authoritarianism
Political Theory
Socialism
17. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
Solidarity
Quantitative
Politics
Economics
18. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
Interest Groups
Method of Inference
Comparative Government
Collective action problem: causes
19. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Utilitarian Justification
Communism
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
20. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')
Qualitative method
Social Movements: Causes
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Ideology
21. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Constitution
Socialism
Why States/Governments
Gender as a Process
22. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity
Communism
Observational Laws
Social Movements: Causes
Identity
23. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say
Participation
Political Factors of Strong States
Democracy
Consensual
24. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Political Party
Political Science
Constructivism
25. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues
Non-democratic regimes
Qualitative method
Gender as a Category
Political Identity
26. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
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27. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program
Advantages of Social Movements
Empirical Knowledge
Gender as a Category
Ideology
28. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.
Constitution
Participation
Political Factors of Strong States
Political Party
29. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Constitution
Observational/Evidential
Nation
Comparative Government
30. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')
Patronage
Social Movements
Utilitarian Justification
Majoritarian
31. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
Significance of Collective action problem
Method of Inference
Democracy
International Relations
32. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services
Communism
Bureaucracy
Economics
Political Theory
33. A government with a one house legislature.
Primordialism
Unicameral Legislature
Observational/Evidential
Majoritarian
34. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
Unicameral Legislature
Political Theory
Majoritarian
District Magnitude
35. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets
Terrorism
Authoritarianism
Democracy
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
36. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism
Constructivism
Authority
State
Non-democratic regimes
37. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.
Transition
Advantages of Social Movements
Party System
Participation
38. Shared sets of meanings
Threshold
Culture
Participation
Subfields of Political Science
39. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Disadvantages of Social Movements
(Civil) Society
Quantitative
State
40. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki
Significance of Collective action problem
Identity
Social Movements
Sovereignty
41. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Constitution
Classic Liberal Argument
Authoritarianism
Constructivism
42. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Contestation
Patronage
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
classic Liberalism
43. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Primordialism
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Totalitarianism
Threshold
44. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.
Political Party
Observational Laws
Qualitative method
Majoritarian
45. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Identity
Advantages of Social Movements
Totalitarianism
Consolidation
46. Force + Legitimacy
Authority
Political Factors of Strong States
Solidarity
Comparative Government
47. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')
Quantitative
Science
Constructivism
State
48. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Economics
Transition
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Fascism
49. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Method of Inference
Subfields of Political Science
Participation
Socialism
50. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
Sovereignty
State Strength
Why States/Governments
Party System