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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
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Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies
Communism
Conservatism
Authoritarianism
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
2. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Social Movements: Causes
Sovereignty
Madison's dilemma
Constructivism
3. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services
Subfields of Political Science
Economics
Solidarity
Majoritarian
4. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
Sovereignty
Three types of Political Organization
Political Factors of Strong States
Authoritarianism
5. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
District Magnitude
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
Political Science
Method of Inference
6. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Interest Groups
Constructivism
Gender as a Category
Bureaucracy
7. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Contestation
Nation
State Strength
Authoritarianism
8. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Advantages of Social Movements
Nation
Constitution
(Civil) Society
9. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism
Economics
Non-democratic regimes
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Party System
10. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Political Party
District Magnitude
Quantitative
Method of Inference
11. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Why States/Governments
International Relations
Primordialism
Subfields of Political Science
12. Efficiency vs. representativeness
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13. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
Collective action problem: causes
Authority
Threshold
Three types of Political Organization
14. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.
Classic Liberal Argument
Democracy
Empirical Knowledge
International Relations
15. A historical exploration of the major contributions to political thought from the ancient Greeks to the contemporary theorists. It also involves the philosophical and speculative consideration of the political world.
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Political Theory
Communism
Collective action problem: Solutions
16. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally
Communism
Observational/Evidential
Why States/Governments
political equality
17. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Consolidation
Non-democratic regimes
Significance of Collective action problem
Contestation
18. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration
Threshold
Totalitarianism
Majoritarian
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
19. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
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20. America's two ideologies (Liberal and Conservative) are two versions of classic liberalism
Classic Liberal Argument
Liberalism
Terrorism
classic Liberalism
21. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program
Civic Engagement
Madison's dilemma
(Civil) Society
Ideology
22. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
State Strength
Authoritarianism
Civic Engagement
Constitution
23. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Criticisms of Rational Choice
classic Liberalism
Constitution
political equality
24. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Fascism
Civic Engagement
Social Movements
25. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal
Collective action problem: Solutions
Solidarity
Consensual
Terrorism
26. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Political Party
Identity
Totalitarianism
27. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Authority
Regime type
Disadvantages of Social Movements
28. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.
Qualitative method
Observational/Evidential
Comparative Government
Civic Engagement
29. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations
Fascism
Political Violence
Three types of Political Organization
Science
30. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone
Comparative Government
Contestation
Sovereignty
Socialism
31. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Classic Liberal Argument
Science
Constitution
Comparative Government
32. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.
Contestation
Constitution
State Strength
Unicameral Legislature
33. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Science
Constructivism
Communism
political equality
34. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers
Democracy
Communism
Interest Groups
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
35. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Constitution
Three types of Political Organization
Collective action problem: Solutions
Subfields of Political Science
36. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.
Gender as a Category
Empirical Knowledge
Democracy
Authority
37. A government with a one house legislature.
Unicameral Legislature
Quantitative
Interest Groups
Social Movements
38. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors
Political Factors of Strong States
Quantitative
Civic Engagement
Observational Laws
39. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.
Communism
Party System
Patronage
Utilitarian Justification
40. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Quantitative
Science
Terrorism
41. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Science
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Solidarity
Criticisms of Rational Choice
42. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
Terrorism
Solidarity
Liberalism
Criticisms of Rational Choice
43. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary
Primordialism
Method of Inference
Fascism
Majoritarian
44. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Qualitative method
Method of Inference
Transition
45. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Political Science
Democracy
Liberalism
Utilitarian Justification
46. Hypotheses based on what has been observed.
Political Science
Patronage
Authority
Observational Laws
47. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
State
Politics
classic Liberalism
Comparative Government
48. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.
Gender as a Process
International Relations
Political Theory
classic Liberalism
49. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Political Theory
Significance of Collective action problem
Political Identity
Advantages of Social Movements
50. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Method of Inference
Authoritarianism
Conservatism
Party System