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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
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Subjects
:
clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki
Quantitative
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Social Movements
Criticisms of Rational Choice
2. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling
political equality
Political Violence
Regime type
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
3. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
Political Identity
Liberalism
Nation
District Magnitude
4. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
Method of Inference
Unicameral Legislature
Qualitative method
Social Movements
5. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets
Social Movements
State Strength
Participation
Terrorism
6. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program
Fascism
Significance of Collective action problem
Advantages of Social Movements
Ideology
7. Selective incentives - Small group size - Social (solidary) incentives - Homogeneity - Others? Duty and altruism? Love?
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Collective action problem: Solutions
Communism
Authority
8. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Economics
Nation
Authoritarianism
Political Party
9. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services
(Civil) Society
Economics
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Madison's dilemma
10. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Party System
Economics
Why States/Governments
11. Efficiency vs. representativeness
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12. A civil war (...) in which one party is the state - the insurgents win - the insurgents have a lot of popular support - and the insurgents implement 'wholesale political change'
Revolution
Classic Liberal Argument
Patronage
Culture
13. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Terrorism
Regime type
Sovereignty
(Civil) Society
14. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Contestation
Constructivism
(Civil) Society
Unicameral Legislature
15. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal
Empirical Knowledge
Consensual
Comparative Government
Bureaucracy
16. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Conservatism
Transition
Political Factors of Strong States
Criticisms of Rational Choice
17. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact
Science
Constitution
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Social Movements: Causes
18. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.
Political Factors of Strong States
Social Movements: Causes
Empirical Knowledge
Sovereignty
19. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say
Party System
Regime type
Participation
Utilitarian Justification
20. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Solidarity
Political Party
Fascism
Constitution
21. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Theories
Fascism
Revolution
22. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')
Why States/Governments
State
Politics
Collective action problem: Solutions
23. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.
Fascism
Democracy
Political Factors of Strong States
Significance of Collective action problem
24. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.
Civic Engagement
District Magnitude
Consolidation
Observational/Evidential
25. Historical origins. A response to the old feudal order and the rise of modern capitalism - 'The highest good of society [is] the ability of the members of that society to develop their individual capacities to the fullest extent' (p. 26) One of the 3
Totalitarianism
Economics
Party System
Liberalism
26. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Gender as a Category
Democracy
Political Party
classic Liberalism
27. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues
Political Identity
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Gender as a Category
Why States/Governments
28. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements
Transition
Three types of Political Organization
Social Movements
Classic Liberal Argument
29. The rules about making the rules - often embodied in a constitution.
Regime type
Quantitative
Threshold
Collective action problem: Solutions
30. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies
District Magnitude
Political Violence
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Conservatism
31. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G
Constructivism
Totalitarianism
Qualitative method
Consolidation
32. Shared sets of meanings
District Magnitude
Political Science
Culture
Economics
33. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Nation
Utilitarian Justification
Socialism
Subfields of Political Science
34. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')
Contestation
Qualitative method
Revolution
Consolidation
35. A government with a one house legislature.
Political Factors of Strong States
Consensual
Collective action problem: Solutions
Unicameral Legislature
36. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Solidarity
Authority
Contestation
Social Movements: Causes
37. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
Political Science
Advantages of Social Movements
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Ideology
38. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Social Movements
Terrorism
Social Movements: Causes
Comparative Government
39. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali
International Relations
Liberalism
Transition
Utilitarian Justification
40. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Theories
Socialism
Collective action problem: Solutions
Primordialism
41. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Collective action problem: causes
Patronage
Totalitarianism
Observational/Evidential
42. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Party System
Significance of Collective action problem
Transition
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
43. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy
State Strength
Conservatism
Constitution
District Magnitude
44. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Communism
Nation
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
45. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.
Patronage
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Party System
Constructivism
46. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game
Regime type
Transition
Constitution
Utilitarian Justification
47. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Party System
Authoritarianism
Patronage
Politics
48. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals
Totalitarianism
Political Violence
political equality
Regime type
49. The making of collectively binding decisions
Politics
Subfields of Political Science
Method of Inference
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
50. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
Qualitative method
Identity
Comparative Government
Bureaucracy