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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






2. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...






3. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






4. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism






5. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






6. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?






7. it works better in the long run - less risk/variability






8. Political parties - Interest groups - Social movements






9. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary






10. Process or moment of changing from one regime type to another Ex: Arab Springs (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (int'l factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - Globali






11. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance






12. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration






13. A subset of culture - based on our ability to attach labels to ourselves and others - or to define ourselves in terms of the groups we belong to - Some political examples: Partisan identity - Class identity - Ethnic identity - National identity






14. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.






15. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






16. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial






17. Historical origins. Failure of liberalism to address shortcomings of capitalist industrialization; Marx - Central assumption: All persons are of equal value - but they cannot develop themselves alone






18. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






19. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






20. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






21. The making of collectively binding decisions






22. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)






23. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






24. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.






25. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






26. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes






27. A consideration of how nations interact with each other within the frameworks of law - diplomacy - and international organizations such as the United Nations.






28. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues






29. Shared sets of meanings






30. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






31. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations






32. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')






33. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






34. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






35. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






36. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy






37. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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38. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?






39. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






40. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






41. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.






42. Describes the principal characteristics of what has been studied.






43. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say






44. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish






45. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki






46. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal






47. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






48. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions






49. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy






50. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals