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CLEP Political Science

Subjects : clep, political-science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism






2. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract






3. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations






4. 19th - in the United States and Western Europe.






5. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni






6. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district






7. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?






8. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers






9. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.






10. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes






11. monopoly over the legitimate use of force






12. Efficiency vs. representativeness

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13. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Judicial Review - Number of chambers: bicameral - Federalism: Federal






14. Any identity that significantly shapes our political decisions






15. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.






16. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)






17. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co






18. Political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets






19. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable






20. Force + Legitimacy






21. Think of this as 'gender as cause'. Gender roles change and/or mix of women in politics changes; what is the consequence? Key finding: having more women in public office changes the policy agenda - i.e. - more focus on women's issues






22. Tactics An organization that seeks to influence government through 'contentious' or 'disruptive' politics - Currency/instrument: show of force - numbers - brinkmanship - Organization A (non-hierarchical) network of organizations and individuals worki






23. Concentration vs. dispersal of power

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24. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)






25. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations






26. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish






27. Analyzing the data that has been collected and offering plausible general principles that can be drawn from what has been observed.






28. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.






29. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica






30. Historical origins. A reaction to liberalism - Central assumption: 'The highest good of society [is] the maintenance of ordered community and of common values' (p. 28) One of the 3 big idealogies






31. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government






32. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either






33. A consciously derived - coherent set of beliefs that offers a comprehensive political program






34. Basically - synonymous for statistical method - Large numbers of observational data - 'Control' for confounding factors






35. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game






36. Process tracing through case studies. Requires a well-developed theory and minute examination ('process tracing')






37. Shared sets of meanings






38. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally






39. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals






40. A non-meritocratic system in which jobs and contracts are distributed according to partisan support - (The U.S. 'spoils system' of the 19th century')






41. A basic plan that outlines the structure and functions of the national government. Clearly rooted in Western political thought - it sets limits on government and protects both property and individual rights.






42. Hard to amass resources (money and information) - Short-lived - The dilemma of formalization






43. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services






44. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact






45. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism






46. America's two ideologies (Liberal and Conservative) are two versions of classic liberalism






47. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized






48. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say






49. Traditionally measured as capacity and autonomy






50. when you must get a minimum percent of votes to have your votes count or (sometimes) to retain your party registration







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