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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Political Science
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Subjects
:
clep
,
political-science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An organization that seeks elective office - Currency/instrument: votes
Bureaucracy
Transition
Political Party
Politics
2. Public administration (civil service). All (non-military) government workers not elected to their posts - but hired (United States beginning in 1880s)
(Civil) Society
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Transition
Bureaucracy
3. Shared sets of meanings
Political Theory
Culture
Social Movements: Causes
Gender as a Process
4. Concentration vs. dispersal of power
5. A political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government
Observational/Evidential
Authoritarianism
Consensual
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
6. Think of this as gender as outcome; what factors - esp. political ones - lead to changes in gender roles? Key finding: politics does matter - especially who has an organized voice. Formal rules - number/identity of parties - etc.
Gender as a Process
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Subfields of Political Science
Comparative Government
7. The mathematical formula used to allocate the seats according to the vote - Plurality or 'first-past-the-post' - various PR formulas - such as D'Hondt - largest remainders - St. Lague - etc.
Democracy
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Transition
Method of Inference
8. Ideology An ideology that seeks the active reshaping of minds of individuals and believes this can/must be done by force - Coercive mobilization - No social or political pluralism
Empirical Knowledge
Totalitarianism
Political Science
Party System
9. You see a puzzle - You come up with a potential explanation (a 'theory') - You test it with evidence (data drawn from the 5 senses) - You share the results with others and get their feedback - Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you publish
Political Theory
Bureaucracy
Three types of Political Organization
Method of Inference
10. Utility maximization - Preferences: Comparability/Completeness - Transitivity - Probability - Incomplete information and uncertainty about future - Mathematical modeling
District Magnitude
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Majoritarian
Political Identity
11. Individual rationality does not always lead to collective rationality - Walking on the grass - Policy implementation is problematic - Voting; protests; interest groups; etc. are underprovided (Olson's point)
Authority
Constructivism
Significance of Collective action problem
Economics
12. No or low citizen accountability ('subjects' rather than 'citizens') - Reciprocal relationship between leader and selectorate - Totalitarianism vs. authoritarianism
Primordialism
Non-democratic regimes
Communism
Ideology
13. Shorter-lived - Slightly less repressive - Ideology not so clear - In favor of capitalism - though with state involvement - Based more on Social Darwinism/racism/nationlsm - Conservatism run amok?
Subfields of Political Science
Fascism
Classic Liberal Argument
Gender as a Category
14. Public vs. private goods - Non-exclusivity. The owner can't deny access - Inexhaustability. The good is never used up - Jointness of supply. Its existence depends on our combined contribution; truly 'collective' - Free riding. We generally fail to co
Identity
Collective action problem: causes
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Sovereignty
15. The set of relationships among parties in a country - Often categorized by the effective number of parties.
Party System
Empirical Knowledge
Collective action problem: causes
Political Identity
16. equality in political decision making: one vote per person - with all votes counted equally
political equality
Political Science
Method of Inference
(Civil) Society
17. monopoly over the legitimate use of force
Transition
Collective action problem: Solutions
Sovereignty
Disadvantages of Social Movements
18. Use of method of inference to create generalizeable explanations
Social Movements: Causes
Significance of Collective action problem
(Civil) Society
Science
19. Territorial monopoly over the legitimate use of force. Refers to the government + the people + the territory ('the country')
Collective action problem: Solutions
International Relations
State
Consensual
20. Warfare and military technology - Economic: development of trade and manufacturing and new financial/fiscal instruments - Cultural: Enlightenment - (There are also Environmental/geographic factors)
Terrorism
Advantages of Social Movements
Communism
Political Factors of Strong States
21. Monarchies - Single-party regimes - Military regimes - Oligarchies - Theocracies - Personalistic regimes
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
Primordialism
Subfields of Political Science
(Civil) Society
22. The identities that can become political are those formed very early in life or perhaps vaguely racial/genetic. Struggles to explain (rapid) cultural change - or which identities become politicized
Primordialism
Empirical Knowledge
Utilitarian Justification
(Civil) Society
23. Regime where the rulers are accountable to the ruled.
Sovereignty
State
Democracy
Political Identity
24. In social movements - rational choice and culture come together - Culture: the sense of a righteous - popular will that has been subverted ('framing'/'grievance') - Motivates collective action - But also determines the choice of organization and tact
Social Movements: Causes
Bureaucracy
Why States/Governments
Conservatism
25. State of nature (collective action problem) - Hobbes' solution: the social contract
State
Quantitative
Why States/Governments
Interest Groups
26. All voluntary associations/all secondary associations
Interest Groups
(Civil) Society
Civic Engagement
Empirical Knowledge
27. Compiling a body of data based on direct observation that can be utilized both to explain what has been observed and to form valid generalizations.
classic Liberalism
Constitution
Observational/Evidential
Empirical Knowledge
28. Energy or righteous zeal wins large numbers of participants - Nimble in framing issues and changing tactics
Fascism
Advantages of Social Movements
Political Theory
Why States/Governments
29. it works better in the long run - less risk/variability
District Magnitude
Method of Inference
Formula for allocating seats according to vote
Utilitarian Justification
30. Situation where all fully qualified citizens have an equal say
Participation
Constitution
Qualitative method
Comparative Government
31. Identities are malleable - and anything can become politicized. Struggles to explain fundamental patterns in political identity or their grasp on our souls. Can't really explain which identities become politicized either
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Unicameral Legislature
Constructivism
(Civil) Society
32. Utility: self-interest - but what constitutes self-interest? Material self-interest? Economics - Politics. Example: vote maximization - The gospel Failures of rationality - Really incomplete information & satisfaction - Intransitivity and other cogni
Method of Inference
Rational Choice (Individual Level)
Comparative Government
Criticisms of Rational Choice
33. how many seats are allotted to each electoral district
Significance of Collective action problem
District Magnitude
Quantitative
Politics
34. A formal document that sets up the basic rules of the political game
Constitution
Fascism
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Observational/Evidential
35. Also known as interpersonal trust & tolerance
State
Conservatism
Culture
Solidarity
36. The opportunity to choose among alternative candidates and positions
Social Movements: Causes
Contestation
Socialism
During what century did political science emerge as a systemic study? Where?
37. An identity-based community - where the identity is strong enough that we think we should probably be sovereign...
Nation
Political Factors of Strong States
Totalitarianism
Primordialism
38. A political organization that primarily uses lobbying - Currency/instrument: money - information - numbers
Interest Groups
Political Identity
Madison's dilemma
classic Liberalism
39. Number of Parties 2 - Constitutional Review: Parliamentary supremacy - Number of chambers: Unicameral/weak bicameral - Federalism: Unitary
Politics
Communism
Political Violence
Majoritarian
40. Charismatic - Rational-legal - Traditional/patrimonial
Subfields of Political Science
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Collective action problem: causes
Method of Inference
41. Efficiency vs. representativeness
42. A systematic study of the structures of two or more political systems (such as those of Britain and the People's Republic of China) to achieve an understanding of how different societies manage the realities of governing. Also considered are politica
Democracy
Comparative Government
Lijphart's majoritarian vs. consensual
Communism
43. The organized study of government and politics. It borrows from the related disciplines of history - philosophy - sociology - economics - and law.
Types and examples of non-democratic regimes
State
Gender as a Process
Political Science
44. About agency: we deserve freedom and need to be held meaningfully accountable
Political Party
Collective action problem: causes
Criticisms of Rational Choice
Classic Liberal Argument
45. The use of force by states or non-state actors to achieve political goals
classic Liberalism
Constructivism
Political Violence
Criticisms of Rational Choice
46. (Voluntary) allocation (production and distribution) of goods and services
Bases of legitimacy/authority in non-democratic regimes
Democracy
Constitution
Economics
47. Situation of stability - no party has incentive and ability to undermine the regime (Causes: cultural or economice - or military culture) - (Int'l Factors: U.S. foreign policy - Soviet foreign policy - Changes to Catholic doctrine - EU accession - G
Disadvantages of Social Movements
Consolidation
Observational Laws
State
48. Comparative Politics - International Relations - American Politics - (normative) theory or Political Philosophy
Gender as a Category
Political Factors of Strong States
Subfields of Political Science
Constitution
49. Basically - density and quality of civil society
Civic Engagement
Social Movements
Consolidation
Revolution
50. Long-lived - Extreme lack of social pluralism - Well-defined ideology - Against capitalism - Based on Marxist arguments about class solidarity - economic determinism - Socialism run amok?
Communism
Social Movements: Causes
Socialism
Solidarity