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CLEP Sociology
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Subjects
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clep
,
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Another name for labeling theory.
Formal social control
Preindustrial city
Societal-reaction approach
Stigma
2. A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population.
Variable
Sample
Genocide
Modernization theory
3. A term used by George Herbert Mead to refer to the child's awareness of the attitudes - viewpoints - and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior.
Generalized others
Gerontology
Adoption
White-collar crime
4. An enumeration - or counting - of a population.
Census
Primary group
Growth rate
Bilateral descent
5. The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria.
Community
Tracking
Random sample
Horticultural societies
6. A theory of urban growth that sees growth in terms of a series of rings radiating from the central business district.
Institutional discrimination
Elite model
Content analysis
Concentric-zone theory
7. A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images.
Postmodern society
Open system
Feminist perspective
Population pyramid
8. Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
Mass media
Credentialism
Human relations approach
Anomie
9. Information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires.
Egalitarian family
Technology
Validity
In-group
10. A term used by Ferdinand Tonnies to describe communities - often urban - that are large and impersonal with little commitment to the group or consensus on values.
Gesellschaft
Labeling theory
Postmodern society
Informal norms
11. The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture.
Cultural relativism
Sample
Absolute poverty
Income
12. The state of being related to others.
Kinship
Norms
Functionalist perspective
Nonmaterial culture
13. Norms governing everyday social behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern.
Prevalence
Industrial city
Folkways
Serial monogamy
14. The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change.
Trained incapacity
Racial group
Profane
Natural science
15. The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality - such as a divine being - or of being overcome with religious emotion.
Resource mobilization
Anti-Semitism
Religious experience
Sick role
16. A term used to describe the change from high birthrates and death rates to relatively low birthrates and death rates.
Demographic transition
Pluralism
Sociocultural evolution
Formal norms
17. Print and electronic instruments of communication that carry messages to often widespread audiences.
Technology
Mass media
Culture shock
Hypothesis
18. The degree to which a scale or measure truly reflects the phenomenon under study.
Sociobiology
Macrosociology
Validity
Instrumentality
19. In everyday speech - a person's typical patterns of attitudes - needs - characteristics - and behavior.
Personality
Out-group
Group
Latent functions
20. The sending of messages through the use of posture - facial expressions - and gestures.
Operational definition
Ideal type
Nonverbal communication
Innovation
21. A term used by sociologists to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired - but illegal - goods and services.
Second shift
Luddites
Community
Victimless crimes
22. Fear of and prejudice against homosexuality.
Religion
Homophobia
Formal organization
Iron law of oligarchy
23. Reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization.
Legal-rational authority
Egalitarian family
Downsizing
Polygamy
24. A two-member group.
Social science
Contact hypothesis
Dyad
Nonmaterial culture
25. A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions.
Vertical mobility
Culture shock
Adoption
Variable
26. Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm.
Fertility
Norms
Matrilineal descent
Sanctions
27. A view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms.
Sect
Profane
Control theory
Expressiveness
28. The respect and admiration that an occupation holds in a society.
Dominant ideology
Negotiation
Anticipatory socialization
Prestige
29. A school of criminology that argues that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions.
Cultural transmission
Social institutions
Social change
Victimless crimes
30. The phenomenon whereby the media provide such massive amounts of information that the audience becomes numb and generally fails to act on the information - regardless of how compelling the issue.
Negotiation
Narcotizing dysfunction
Self
Coalition
31. Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class - comprising the owners of the means of production.
New social movements
Growth rate
Tracking
Bourgeoisie
32. A society in which men dominate family decision making.
Credentialism
Sexual harassment
Patriarchy
Life chances
33. The incidence of diseases in a given population.
Peter principle
Morbidity rates
Social interaction
Classical theory
34. Two unrelated adults who have chosen to share one another's lives in a relationship of mutual caring - who reside together - and who agree to be jointly responsible for their dependents - basic living expenses - and other common necessities.
Domestic partnership
Force
Suburb
Mores
35. Numerous ways that people with access to the Internet can do business from their computers.
Pluralism
Theory
Total institutions
E-commerce
36. In Karl Marx's view - a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change.
Mortality rate
Routine activities theory
Class consciousness
Political socialization
37. The far-reaching process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
Birthrate
Family
Social control
Modernization
38. A form of marriage in which a person can have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time.
Serial monogamy
Gender roles
Significant others
Nonmaterial culture
39. Someone who - through day-to-day personal contacts and communication - influences the opinions and discussions of others.
Opinion leader
Differential association
Power
Single-parent families
40. The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence - with one event leading to the other.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Vital statistics
Obedience
Causal logic
41. The process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
Vital statistics
Hidden curriculum
Assimilation
Neocolonialism
42. Max Weber's term for the disciplined work ethic - this-worldly concerns - and rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers.
Protestant ethic
Modernization theory
Social institutions
Megalopolis
43. A theory of urban growth that views growth as emerging from many centers of development - each of which may reflect a particular urban need or activity.
Multiple-nuclei theory
Dominant ideology
Trained incapacity
Preindustrial city
44. A violation of criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority.
Crime
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Control group
Triad
45. Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.
Deviance
Horticultural societies
Culture lag
Life expectancy
46. Questionnaires or interviews used to determine whether people have been victims of crime.
Victimization surveys
Social structure
Socialism
Coalition
47. An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned.
Dyad
Socialism
Class system
Exploitation theory
48. A relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other.
Correlation
Role strain
Victimless crimes
Urban ecology
49. A term used by Erving Goffman to refer to the efforts of people to maintain the proper image and avoid embarrassment in public.
Kinship
Face-work
Cultural universals
Industrial society
50. A theory developed by Robert Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment - or both.
Downsizing
Anomie theory of deviance
Negotiated order
Interactionist perspective
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