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CLEP Sociology
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Subjects
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clep
,
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A principle of organizational life - originated by Laurence J. Peter - according to which each individual within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence.
Power
Peter principle
Postmodern society
Economic system
2. An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field.
Secondary group
Tracking
Credentialism
Matriarchy
3. The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems.
Trained incapacity
Slavery
Conflict perspective
Ecclesia
4. A measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions.
Variable
Demographic transition
Power elite
Triad
5. A society that depends on mechanization to produce its economic goods and services.
New social movements
Cohabitation
Industrial society
Class
6. Norms that generally have been written down and that specify strict rules for punishment of violators.
Formal norms
Sick role
Obedience
Mass media
7. A formal process of learning in which some people consciously teach while others adopt the social role of learner.
Cultural universals
Secularization
Education
Pluralist model
8. A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social - economic - and political interests.
Control variable
Bilingualism
Dominant ideology
Technology
9. A term used by Bowles and Gintis to refer to the tendency of schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the types of jobs typically held by members of their class.
Group
Correspondence principle
Patriarchy
Demography
10. A three-member group.
Ethnocentrism
Established sect
Triad
Contact hypothesis
11. The ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money - political influence - access to the media - and personnel.
Class
Nonmaterial culture
Resource mobilization
Deviance
12. The systematic study of the biological bases of social behavior.
Research design
Narcotizing dysfunction
Sociobiology
Nisei
13. An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned.
Triad
New urban sociology
Socialism
Absolute poverty
14. A set of people related by blood - marriage (or some other agreed-upon relationship) - or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
Social inequality
Family
Self
Traditional authority
15. A literal interpretation of the Bible regarding the creation of man and the universe used to argue that evolution should not be presented as established scientific fact.
Creationism
Monopoly
Capitalism
Vertical mobility
16. A label used to devalue members of deviant social groups.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Symbols
Prestige
Stigma
17. The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the production of food but increase their crop yield through such innovations as the plow.
Agrarian society
Sanctions
Tracking
Control theory
18. A form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married only to each other.
Industrial city
Formal norms
Underclass
Monogamy
19. Max Weber's term for people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods - positive living conditions - and favorable life experiences.
Technology
Prejudice
Life chances
Liberation theology
20. According to
Religion
Genocide
Disengagement theory
Life chances
21. A two-member group.
Infant mortality rate
Role taking
Dyad
Stratification
22. The process whereby people learn the attitudes - values - and actions appropriate for individuals as members of a particular culture.
Absolute poverty
Socialization
Wealth
Dramaturgical approach
23. A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.
Dyad
Exploitation theory
Political system
Matriarchy
24. A small group characterized by intimate - face-to-face association and cooperation.
Primary group
Conflict perspective
Master status
Social inequality
25. A set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position or status.
Social role
Mass media
Social control
Absolute poverty
26. A standard of poverty based on a minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be expected to exist.
Absolute poverty
Quantitative research
Manifest functions
Ascribed status
27. A political philosophy promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.
Xenocentrism
Curanderismo
Black power
Master status
28. Open - stated - and conscious functions.
Validity
Modernization theory
Relative deprivation
Manifest functions
29. A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
Achieved status
Postindustrial city
Self
Demography
30. A sociological approach that generalizes about fundamental or everyday forms of social interaction.
Interactionist perspective
Laissez-faire
Ethnocentrism
Closed system
31. Processes of socialization in which a person 'rehearses' for future positions - occupations - and social relationships.
Reliability
Polyandry
Anticipatory socialization
Pluralism
32. The number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1 -000 live births in a given year.
Culture lag
Open system
Infant mortality rate
Industrial city
33. Sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations.
Modernization theory
Gender roles
Macrosociology
Liberation theology
34. A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence mobility.
Income
Community
Class system
Political socialization
35. The variable in a causal relationship that is subject to the influence of another variable.
Hunting-and-gathering society
Dependent variable
Role conflict
Incidence
36. Hereditary systems of rank - usually religiously dictated - that tend to be fixed and immobile.
Significant others
Protestant ethic
Luddites
Castes
37. Social control carried out by people casually through such means as laughter - smiles - and ridicule.
Anticipatory socialization
Exploitation theory
Informal social control
McDonaldization
38. Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs - promotions - and educational opportunities.
Questionnaire
Social network
Obedience
Affirmative action
39. A term used by Max Weber to refer to a group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income.
Class
Reference group
Relative deprivation
Iron law of oligarchy
40. Unconscious or unintended functions; hidden purposes.
Latent functions
Symbols
Cult
Open system
41. The social institution that relies on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving the goals of a group.
Dysfunction
Invention
Socialism
Political system
42. A form of capitalism under which people compete freely - with minimal government intervention in the economy.
Adoption
Religious beliefs
Laissez-faire
Creationism
43. A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
Generalized others
Sacred
Research design
Issei
44. A group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
Ethnic group
Multiple-nuclei theory
Control variable
Reference group
45. The degree to which a scale or measure truly reflects the phenomenon under study.
Single-parent families
Power
Gesellschaft
Validity
46. In Harold D. Lasswell's words - 'who gets what - when - and how.'
Politics
Closed system
Opinion leader
Socialism
47. The unintended influence that observers or experiments can have on their subjects.
Hawthorne effect
Population pyramid
Alienation
Prestige
48. A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation in and/or observation of a group - tribe - or community.
Mass media
Sexism
Patrilineal descent
Observation
49. Due to the stereotyping - this term has been abandoned by sociologists in favor of new religious movements.
Exploitation theory
Tracking
Cult
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
50. The prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives.
Incest taboo
Demographic transition
Endogamy
Achieved status
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