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CLEP Sociology
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Subjects
:
clep
,
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A theory of deviance proposed by Edwin Sutherland that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts.
Life chances
Differential association
Impression management
Discrimination
2. A term used by Ferdinand Tonnies to describe close-knit communities - often found in rural areas - in which strong personal bonds unite members.
Correlation
Gemeinschaft
Research design
Patriarchy
3. The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society.
Socialism
Urban ecology
Social control
Invention
4. Long term trend in human societies that results from the interplay of innovation - continuity - and selection.
Sociocultural evolution
Society
Horizontal mobility
Role strain
5. The number of deaths per 1 -000 population in a given year. Also known as the crude death rate.
Death rate
Instrumentality
Informal norms
Stereotypes
6. An approach to urbanization that considers the interplay of local - national - and worldwide forces and their effect on local space - with special emphasis on the impact of global economic activity.
Social epidemiology
Exploitation theory
Multinational corporations
New urban sociology
7. Use of a church - primarily Roman Catholicism - in a political effort to eliminate poverty - discrimination - and other forms of injustice evident in a secular society.
Liberation theology
Matrilineal descent
Industrial city
Tracking
8. A sociological approach that emphasizes inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization.
Secondary group
Validity
Feminist perspective
Microsociology
9. A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture.
Interview
Counterculture
Religious rituals
Contact hypothesis
10. Preindustrial societies in which people plant seeds and crops rather than subsist merely on available foods.
Polyandry
Informal economy
E-commerce
Horticultural societies
11. A factor held constant to test the relative impact of an independent variable.
Control variable
Human relations approach
Informal social control
Laissez-faire
12. The far-reaching process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
Community
Iron law of oligarchy
Pluralist model
Modernization
13. A term coined by Erving Goffman to refer to institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life under a single authority - such as prisons - the military - mental hospitals - and convents.
Total institutions
Second shift
Personality
Sociocultural evolution
14. The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society.
Class consciousness
Industrial society
Social science
Institutional discrimination
15. A political philosophy promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.
Globalization
Black power
Status
Social inequality
16. The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality - such as a divine being - or of being overcome with religious emotion.
Religious experience
Ethnography
Ecclesia
Deviance
17. A three-member group.
Conflict perspective
Triad
Infant mortality rate
Gender roles
18. A city with only a few thousand people living within its borders and characterized by a relatively closed class system and limited mobility.
Expressiveness
Prestige
Dependent variable
Preindustrial city
19. The totality of learned - socially transmitted behavior.
Experimental group
Authority
Culture
Teacher-expectancy effect
20. Organized collective activities that promote autonomy and self-determination as well as improvements in the quality of life.
Interactionist perspective
Correspondence principle
New social movements
Intragenerational mobility
21. Max Weber's term for objectivity of sociologists in the interpretation of data.
Gerontology
Megalopolis
Mass media
Value neutrality
22. The process by which a majority group and a minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new group.
Model or ideal minority
Demographic transition
Amalgamation
Sample
23. A religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect - yet remains isolated from society.
Expressiveness
Capitalism
Established sect
Socialism
24. Any group that individuals use as a standard in evaluating themselves and their own behavior.
Fertility
Reference group
Postindustrial city
Cultural relativism
25. The ideology that one sex is superior to the other.
Personality
Matrilineal descent
Nonverbal communication
Sexism
26. A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social - economic - and political interests.
Patrilineal descent
Ethnocentrism
Questionnaire
Dominant ideology
27. The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another - thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint.
Experiment
New urban sociology
Role taking
Face-work
28. Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere.
Religious beliefs
Social science
Variable
Amalgamation
29. Transfers of money - goods - or services that are not reported to the government.
Victimization surveys
Open system
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Informal economy
30. The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems.
Group
Trained incapacity
Ethnocentrism
Egalitarian family
31. A generally small - secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
New religious movement (NRM) or cult
Alienation
False consciousness
Sect
32. Distinctive patterns of social behavior evident among city residents.
Crime
Urbanism
Independent variable
Stratification
33. A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth - prestige - or power.
In-group
Out-group
Social inequality
Concentric-zone theory
34. The process by which a relatively small number of people control what material eventually reaches the audience.
Horizontal mobility
Social network
Gatekeeping
Evolutionary theory
35. The German word for 'understanding' or 'insight'; used by Max Weber to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions - thoughts - beliefs - and attitudes.
Exogamy
Verstehen
Diffusion
Activity theory
36. Social control carried out by people casually through such means as laughter - smiles - and ridicule.
Informal social control
Elite model
Norms
Resocialization
37. A two-member group.
Infant mortality rate
Kinship
Terrorism
Dyad
38. Any group or category to which people feel they belong.
In-group
Reliability
Ethnography
Prevalence
39. The phenomenon whereby the media provide such massive amounts of information that the audience becomes numb and generally fails to act on the information - regardless of how compelling the issue.
Validity
Alienation
Profane
Narcotizing dysfunction
40. The use or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims.
Science
Sect
Terrorism
Subculture
41. A violation of criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority.
Credentialism
Crime
Matrilineal descent
Opinion leader
42. Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the industrial revolution.
Polyandry
Luddites
Labor unions
Role taking
43. According to
Law
Health
Dysfunction
Religion
44. Continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.
Secondary group
Racial group
Neocolonialism
Natural science
45. A status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society.
Verstehen
Black power
Master status
Sacred
46. An economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
Culture lag
Prestige
Telecommuters
Capitalism
47. Norms governing everyday social behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern.
Classical theory
Folkways
Interactionist perspective
Castes
48. In Karl Marx's view - a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change.
Matriarchy
Class consciousness
Glass ceiling
Pluralism
49. In everyday speech - a person's typical patterns of attitudes - needs - characteristics - and behavior.
Personality
Labeling theory
Group
Deindustrialization
50. The collection and distribution of information concerning events in the social environment.
Surveillance function
Stigma
Vested interests
Teacher-expectancy effect
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