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CLEP Sociology
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Subjects
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clep
,
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of live births per 1 -000 population in a given year. Also known as the crude birthrate.
Birthrate
Sacred
Reliability
Endogamy
2. A religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect - yet remains isolated from society.
Matrilineal descent
Class system
Established sect
Dysfunction
3. The process of introducing new elements into a culture through either discovery or invention.
Agrarian society
Innovation
Gemeinschaft
Trained incapacity
4. The double burden--work outside the home followed by child care and housework--that many women face and few men share equitably.
Concentric-zone theory
Second shift
Role exit
Religion
5. The notion that criminal victimization increases when there is a convergence of motivated offenders and suitable targets.
Random sample
Routine activities theory
Domestic partnership
Experimental group
6. The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence - with one event leading to the other.
Causal logic
Economic system
Colonialism
Total fertility rate (TFR)
7. A theory developed by Robert Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment - or both.
Anomie theory of deviance
Ethnocentrism
Gerontology
Crime
8. A social system in which there is little or no possibility of individual mobility.
Closed system
Social mobility
Instrumentality
Class
9. An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society.
Education
Norms
Charismatic authority
Sociological imagination
10. Organizations established on the basis of common interest - whose members volunteer or even pay to participate.
Ascribed status
Voluntary associations
Status group
Hidden curriculum
11. The process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant have come to dominate certain sectors of society - both in the United States and throughout the world.
Multiple-nuclei theory
Genocide
McDonaldization
Role conflict
12. Pride in the extended family - expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk.
Significant others
Society
Familism
Exploitation theory
13. A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information.
Interview
False consciousness
Mores
Polygamy
14. The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation.
Social institutions
Protestant ethic
Evolutionary theory
Ethnography
15. The average number of children born alive to a woman - assuming that she conforms to current fertility rates.
Resource mobilization
Cohabitation
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Unilinear evolutionary theory
16. A group small enough for all members to interact simultaneously - that is - to talk with one another or at least be acquainted.
Industrial society
Small group
Nonmaterial culture
Economic system
17. The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems.
Trained incapacity
Census
Urban ecology
Control variable
18. The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group.
Endogamy
Luddites
Cognitive theory of development
Microsociology
19. A technique for measuring social class that assigns individuals to classes on the basis of criteria such as occupation - education - income - and place of residence.
Infant mortality rate
Megalopolis
Objective method
Suburb
20. A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society.
Stratification
Legal-rational authority
Diffusion
Prevalence
21. Long term trend in human societies that results from the interplay of innovation - continuity - and selection.
Sociocultural evolution
McDonaldization
Professional criminal
Microsociology
22. A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fiber are readily available in order to live.
Gemeinschaft
Morbidity rates
Hunting-and-gathering society
Hypothesis
23. A densely populated area containing two or more cities and their surrounding suburbs.
Observation
Bilateral descent
Organized crime
Megalopolis
24. The worldwide integration of government policies - cultures - social movements - and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
Globalization
Traditional authority
Polygamy
Normal accidents
25. Norms that generally are understood but are not precisely recorded.
Societal-reaction approach
Familism
Informal norms
Material culture
26. A term coined by Robert N. Butler to refer to prejudice and discrimination against the elderly.
Surveillance function
Ageism
Values
Vertical mobility
27. The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the production of food but increase their crop yield through such innovations as the plow.
Multilinear evolutionary theory
False consciousness
Prejudice
Agrarian society
28. A group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
Personality
Class
Contact hypothesis
Ethnic group
29. The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's selfidentity and reestablishment of an identity in a new role.
Experimental group
Serial monogamy
Role exit
Death rate
30. Ogburn's term for a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions.
Culture lag
Income
Segregation
Hidden curriculum
31. An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture. It also includes gestures and other nonverbal communication.
Contact hypothesis
Verstehen
Language
McDonaldization
32. Control of a market by a single business firm.
Hawthorne effect
Monopoly
Validity
Laissez-faire
33. As defined by the World Health Organization - a state of complete physical - mental - and social well-being - and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
Sacred
Health
Familism
Telecommuters
34. Veblen's term for those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo.
Correlation
Defended neighborhood
Vested interests
Mores
35. The extent to which a measure provides consistent results.
Code of ethics
Income
Reliability
Personality
36. A term used to describe the change from high birthrates and death rates to relatively low birthrates and death rates.
Power elite
Demographic transition
Political system
Qualitative research
37. Jean Piaget's theory explaining how children's thought progresses through four stages.
Ageism
Labor unions
Cognitive theory of development
Anomie
38. A term used by sociologists to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired - but illegal - goods and services.
Obedience
Victimless crimes
Primary group
Scientific method
39. The act of physically separating two groups; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.
Differential association
Rites of passage
Functionalist perspective
Segregation
40. Open - stated - and conscious functions.
Manifest functions
Education
Social control
Horticultural societies
41. The requirement that people select mates outside certain groups.
Sect
Exogamy
Unilinear evolutionary theory
Informal social control
42. The state of being related to others.
Kinship
Significant others
Religious rituals
Quantitative research
43. A person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation - developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals.
Professional criminal
Counterculture
Sacred
Absolute poverty
44. A sociological approach that emphasizes inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization.
Closed system
Intragenerational mobility
Affirmative action
Feminist perspective
45. The number of deaths per 1 -000 population in a given year. Also known as the crude death rate.
Latent functions
Death rate
Slavery
Social inequality
46. Any group or category to which people feel they belong.
In-group
Sanctions
Industrial society
Exploitation theory
47. The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs - prostitution - gambling - and other activities.
Obedience
Demography
Iron law of oligarchy
Organized crime
48. Numerous ways that people with access to the Internet can do business from their computers.
E-commerce
Victimless crimes
Research design
Group
49. The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria.
Sacred
Preindustrial city
Anomie theory of deviance
Tracking
50. The condition of being estranged or disassociated from the surrounding society.
Alienation
Feminist perspective
Xenocentrism
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