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CLEP Sociology
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Subjects
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clep
,
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A principle of organizational life developed by Robert Michels under which even democratic organizations will become bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals.
Status
Iron law of oligarchy
Scientific management approach
Questionnaire
2. An approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people - communication - and participation within a bureaucracy and tends to focus on the informal structure of the organization.
Human relations approach
Modernization theory
Teacher-expectancy effect
Language
3. A family in which relatives--such as grandparents - aunts - or uncles--live in the same home as parents and their children.
Extended family
Science
Gender roles
Anomie theory of deviance
4. Any number of people with similar norms - values - and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis.
Megalopolis
Political system
Class
Group
5. The former policy of the South African government designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites.
Gesellschaft
Social role
Force
Apartheid
6. The German word for 'understanding' or 'insight'; used by Max Weber to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions - thoughts - beliefs - and attitudes.
Verstehen
Culture lag
Family
Sociology
7. A theory of social change that holds that all societies pass through the same successive stages of evolution and inevitably reach the same end.
Unilinear evolutionary theory
Informal norms
Face-work
Validity
8. A theory of urban growth that sees growth in terms of a series of rings radiating from the central business district.
Differential association
Master status
Endogamy
Concentric-zone theory
9. Salaries and wages.
Preindustrial city
Telecommuters
Income
Sociology
10. Legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice.
Traditional authority
Vertical mobility
Culture shock
Urbanism
11. A concept used by Charles Horton Cooley that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interactions with others.
Looking-glass self
Genocide
Census
Familism
12. Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere.
Voluntary associations
Religious beliefs
Victimization surveys
Protestant ethic
13. Distinctive patterns of social behavior evident among city residents.
Relative poverty
Conflict perspective
Urbanism
Charismatic authority
14. A person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation - developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals.
Gesellschaft
Dominant ideology
Professional criminal
Credentialism
15. The conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities.
Influence
Social movements
Social mobility
Relative deprivation
16. An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field.
Operational definition
Postindustrial city
Credentialism
Bilateral descent
17. Failures that are inevitable - given the manner in which human and technological systems are organized.
Absolute poverty
Multilinear evolutionary theory
Normal accidents
Research design
18. Due to the stereotyping - this term has been abandoned by sociologists in favor of new religious movements.
Control group
Cult
Denomination
Class consciousness
19. Organized collective activities that promote autonomy and self-determination as well as improvements in the quality of life.
Correspondence principle
Social science
New social movements
Force
20. A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth - prestige - or power.
Vested interests
Issei
White-collar crime
Social inequality
21. A social system in which there is little or no possibility of individual mobility.
Closed system
Apartheid
Cohabitation
Discrimination
22. Difficulties that result from the differing demands and expectations associated with the same social position.
Incidence
Role strain
Symbols
Ethnic group
23. The standards of acceptable behavior developed by and for members of a profession.
Economic system
Prevalence
Mass media
Code of ethics
24. The reputation that a particular individual has earned within an occupation.
Esteem
Significant others
Science
Exploitation theory
25. In everyday speech - a person's typical patterns of attitudes - needs - characteristics - and behavior.
Income
Causal logic
Personality
Creationism
26. The use of two or more languages in particular settings - such as workplaces or educational facilities - treating each language as equally legitimate.
Horticultural societies
Labeling theory
Correspondence principle
Bilingualism
27. Hereditary systems of rank - usually religiously dictated - that tend to be fixed and immobile.
Profane
Castes
Force
Capitalism
28. Max Weber's term for people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods - positive living conditions - and favorable life experiences.
Downsizing
Megalopolis
Morbidity rates
Life chances
29. Long-term poor people who lack training and skills.
Status group
Material culture
Content analysis
Underclass
30. According to
Tracking
Natural science
Religion
Resource mobilization
31. General practices found in every culture.
Glass ceiling
Reliability
Cultural universals
Closed system
32. A term used by George Herbert Mead to refer to the child's awareness of the attitudes - viewpoints - and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior.
Professional criminal
Informal social control
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Generalized others
33. An inclusive term encompassing all of a person's material assets - including land and other types of property.
Adoption
Esteem
Incest taboo
Wealth
34. The study of various aspects of human society.
Correlation
Social science
Social institutions
Curanderismo
35. The social institution through which goods and services are produced - distributed - and consumed.
Validity
Labor unions
Bureaucracy
Economic system
36. A densely populated area containing two or more cities and their surrounding suburbs.
Megalopolis
Power elite
Nonverbal communication
Patriarchy
37. Talcott Parsons's functionalist view of society as tending toward a state of stability or balance.
Pluralist model
Resocialization
Industrial city
Equilibrium model
38. The early Japanese immigrants to the United States.
Education
Issei
Racism
Control variable
39. An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables.
Experiment
Social control
Growth rate
Content analysis
40. A formal process of learning in which some people consciously teach while others adopt the social role of learner.
Ascribed status
Equilibrium model
Education
Dependency theory
41. A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.
Globalization
Obedience
Bilateral descent
Control group
42. A formal - impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding.
Secondary analysis
Secondary group
Globalization
Ethnocentrism
43. The extent to which a measure provides consistent results.
Bilateral descent
Science
Reliability
Significant others
44. A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population.
Personality
Sample
Apartheid
Prejudice
45. Print and electronic instruments of communication that carry messages to often widespread audiences.
Mass media
Subculture
Gemeinschaft
Urbanism
46. In sociology - a set of statements that seeks to explain problems - actions - or behavior.
Control group
Slavery
Dysfunction
Theory
47. Max Weber's term for power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.
Charismatic authority
Multiple-nuclei theory
Health
Legal-rational authority
48. A generally small - secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
New religious movement (NRM) or cult
Vertical mobility
Established sect
Megalopolis
49. A functionalist approach that proposes that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in peripheral nations.
Modernization theory
Postindustrial society
Vertical mobility
Protestant ethic
50. The process whereby people learn the attitudes - values - and actions appropriate for individuals as members of a particular culture.
Life expectancy
Secularization
Socialization
Social role
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