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CLEP Sociology

Subjects : clep, humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A theory of deviance proposed by Edwin Sutherland that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts.






2. A term used by Ferdinand Tonnies to describe close-knit communities - often found in rural areas - in which strong personal bonds unite members.






3. The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society.






4. Long term trend in human societies that results from the interplay of innovation - continuity - and selection.






5. The number of deaths per 1 -000 population in a given year. Also known as the crude death rate.






6. An approach to urbanization that considers the interplay of local - national - and worldwide forces and their effect on local space - with special emphasis on the impact of global economic activity.






7. Use of a church - primarily Roman Catholicism - in a political effort to eliminate poverty - discrimination - and other forms of injustice evident in a secular society.






8. A sociological approach that emphasizes inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization.






9. A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture.






10. Preindustrial societies in which people plant seeds and crops rather than subsist merely on available foods.






11. A factor held constant to test the relative impact of an independent variable.






12. The far-reaching process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.






13. A term coined by Erving Goffman to refer to institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life under a single authority - such as prisons - the military - mental hospitals - and convents.






14. The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society.






15. A political philosophy promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.






16. The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality - such as a divine being - or of being overcome with religious emotion.






17. A three-member group.






18. A city with only a few thousand people living within its borders and characterized by a relatively closed class system and limited mobility.






19. The totality of learned - socially transmitted behavior.






20. Organized collective activities that promote autonomy and self-determination as well as improvements in the quality of life.






21. Max Weber's term for objectivity of sociologists in the interpretation of data.






22. The process by which a majority group and a minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new group.






23. A religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect - yet remains isolated from society.






24. Any group that individuals use as a standard in evaluating themselves and their own behavior.






25. The ideology that one sex is superior to the other.






26. A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social - economic - and political interests.






27. The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another - thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint.






28. Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere.






29. Transfers of money - goods - or services that are not reported to the government.






30. The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems.






31. A generally small - secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.






32. Distinctive patterns of social behavior evident among city residents.






33. A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth - prestige - or power.






34. The process by which a relatively small number of people control what material eventually reaches the audience.






35. The German word for 'understanding' or 'insight'; used by Max Weber to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions - thoughts - beliefs - and attitudes.






36. Social control carried out by people casually through such means as laughter - smiles - and ridicule.






37. A two-member group.






38. Any group or category to which people feel they belong.






39. The phenomenon whereby the media provide such massive amounts of information that the audience becomes numb and generally fails to act on the information - regardless of how compelling the issue.






40. The use or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims.






41. A violation of criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority.






42. Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the industrial revolution.






43. According to






44. Continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.






45. A status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society.






46. An economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.






47. Norms governing everyday social behavior whose violation raises comparatively little concern.






48. In Karl Marx's view - a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change.






49. In everyday speech - a person's typical patterns of attitudes - needs - characteristics - and behavior.






50. The collection and distribution of information concerning events in the social environment.







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