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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Sociology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group.
Subculture
Rites of passage
Stereotypes
Random sample
2. A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
Achieved status
Total institutions
Quantitative research
Culture lag
3. A special type of bar chart that shows the distribution of the population by gender and age.
Population pyramid
Society
Education
Established sect
4. The ideology that one sex is superior to the other.
Creationism
Class system
Sexism
Genocide
5. A political philosophy promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.
Prestige
Significant others
Social constructionist perspective
Black power
6. A principle of organizational life - originated by Laurence J. Peter - according to which each individual within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence.
Social network
Peter principle
Conformity
Second shift
7. Collective conceptions of what is considered good - desirable - and proper--or bad - undesirable - and improper--in a culture.
Values
Capitalism
Culture
Peter principle
8. The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence - with one event leading to the other.
Postindustrial society
Variable
Causal logic
Exploitation theory
9. A term used by Parsons and Bales to refer to emphasis on tasks - focus on more distant goals - and a concern for the external relationship between one's family and other social institutions.
Social constructionist perspective
Bureaucracy
Laissez-faire
Instrumentality
10. A form of marriage in which a person can have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time.
Subculture
Serial monogamy
Coalition
Hawthorne effect
11. A form of polygamy in which a woman can have several husbands at the same time.
Population pyramid
Polyandry
Subculture
Negotiated order
12. A functionalist theory of aging introduced by Cumming and Henry that contends that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships.
Control variable
Amalgamation
Laissez-faire
Disengagement theory
13. Karl Marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society.
E-commerce
Variable
Proletariat
Class
14. Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs - promotions - and educational opportunities.
Social science
Affirmative action
Religious beliefs
Protestant ethic
15. Questionnaires or interviews used to determine whether people have been victims of crime.
Evolutionary theory
Victimization surveys
Group
Instrumentality
16. The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's selfidentity and reestablishment of an identity in a new role.
Polygamy
Degradation ceremony
Role exit
Model or ideal minority
17. A literal interpretation of the Bible regarding the creation of man and the universe used to argue that evolution should not be presented as established scientific fact.
Black power
Census
Creationism
Societal-reaction approach
18. An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables.
Equilibrium model
Experiment
Closed system
Income
19. A view of social interaction - popularized by Erving Goffman - under which people are examined as if they were theatrical performers.
Dramaturgical approach
Ascribed status
Polygyny
Machismo
20. A form of polygamy in which a husband can have several wives at the same time.
Polygyny
Master status
Xenocentrism
Open system
21. An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept.
Anomie theory of deviance
Small group
Operational definition
Postindustrial city
22. The number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1 -000 live births in a given year.
Sociobiology
Pluralism
Endogamy
Infant mortality rate
23. Another name for the classical theory of formal organizations.
Infant mortality rate
Scientific management approach
Power elite
Deviance
24. Another name for labeling theory.
Horticultural societies
Rites of passage
Societal-reaction approach
Obedience
25. A spatial or political unit of social organization that gives people a sense of belonging - based either on shared residence in a particular place or on a common identity.
Community
Crime
Affirmative action
Argot
26. A term used by Bowles and Gintis to refer to the tendency of schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to prepare students for the types of jobs typically held by members of their class.
Teacher-expectancy effect
Significant others
Correspondence principle
Concentric-zone theory
27. Continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.
Bilateral descent
Denomination
Neocolonialism
Values
28. A theory of social change that holds that change can occur in several ways and does not inevitably lead in the same direction.
Class system
Hunting-and-gathering society
Multilinear evolutionary theory
Master status
29. The conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities.
Esteem
Relative deprivation
Extended family
Xenocentrism
30. A component of formal organization in which rules and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve efficiency.
Bureaucracy
Exogamy
Health
Racism
31. A religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect - yet remains isolated from society.
Established sect
Ethnocentrism
Nisei
Matriarchy
32. A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation in and/or observation of a group - tribe - or community.
Observation
Impression management
Total institutions
Bilateral descent
33. A formal - impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding.
Secondary group
Symbols
Verstehen
Folkways
34. A group that - despite past prejudice and discrimination - succeeds economically - socially - and educationally without resorting to political or violent confrontations with Whites.
Matriarchy
Degradation ceremony
Model or ideal minority
Infant mortality rate
35. Subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an independent variable introduced by a researcher.
Experimental group
Counterculture
Proletariat
Interactionist perspective
36. A sociological approach that emphasizes the way that parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.
Control theory
Fertility
Credentialism
Functionalist perspective
37. The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons.
Colonialism
Discrimination
Equilibrium model
Assimilation
38. Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.
Deviance
Monogamy
Informal norms
Informal social control
39. Max Weber's term for objectivity of sociologists in the interpretation of data.
Formal social control
Value neutrality
Credentialism
Primary group
40. Unconscious or unintended functions; hidden purposes.
Sociocultural evolution
Hawthorne effect
Latent functions
Achieved status
41. A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.
Bilateral descent
Morbidity rates
Influence
Victimization surveys
42. A term used by Erving Goffman to refer to the efforts of people to maintain the proper image and avoid embarrassment in public.
Affirmative action
Coalition
Deviance
Face-work
43. A view of society as ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests.
Social science
Peter principle
Economic system
Elite model
44. A social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character.
Questionnaire
Xenocentrism
Morbidity rates
Negotiated order
45. The sending of messages through the use of posture - facial expressions - and gestures.
Polygamy
Deviance
Correspondence principle
Nonverbal communication
46. A group that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns.
Zero population growth (ZPG)
Formal organization
Class system
Ethnic group
47. Movement of individuals or groups from one position of a society's stratification system to another.
Social mobility
Intergenerational mobility
Established sect
Class
48. A society in which men dominate family decision making.
Patriarchy
Established sect
Questionnaire
Concentric-zone theory
49. Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs.
Social institutions
Victimless crimes
Affirmative action
Narcotizing dysfunction
50. The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture.
Scientific management approach
Social change
In-group
Cultural relativism