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CLEP Sociology

Subjects : clep, humanities
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A theory developed by Robert Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment - or both.






2. A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation in and/or observation of a group - tribe - or community.






3. Failures that are inevitable - given the manner in which human and technological systems are organized.






4. A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards.






5. Behavior that occurs when work benefits are made contingent on sexual favors (as a 'quid pro quo') or when touching - lewd comments - or appearance of pornographic material creates a 'hostile environment' in the workplace.






6. Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture.






7. A group that - despite past prejudice and discrimination - succeeds economically - socially - and educationally without resorting to political or violent confrontations with Whites.






8. Legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice.






9. Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs - promotions - and educational opportunities.






10. In Harold D. Lasswell's words - 'who gets what - when - and how.'






11. A negative attitude toward an entire category of people - such as a racial or ethnic minority.






12. An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture. It also includes gestures and other nonverbal communication.






13. A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated.






14. The phenomenon whereby the media provide such massive amounts of information that the audience becomes numb and generally fails to act on the information - regardless of how compelling the issue.






15. A theory of urban growth that views growth as emerging from many centers of development - each of which may reflect a particular urban need or activity.






16. A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population.






17. According to the Census Bureau - any territory within a metropolitan area that is not included in the central city.






18. The exercise of power through a process of persuasion.






19. The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change.






20. Any group that individuals use as a standard in evaluating themselves and their own behavior.






21. The conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities.






22. A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence mobility.






23. A sociological approach that emphasizes the way that parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.






24. A social system in which the position of each individual is influenced by his or her achieved status.






25. Control of a market by a single business firm.






26. The movement of an individual from one social position to another of the same rank.






27. A sociological approach that emphasizes inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization.






28. A term used by Erving Goffman to refer to the altering of the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences.






29. An economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.






30. The study of the distribution of disease - impairment - and general health status across a population.






31. The relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence - with one event leading to the other.






32. An approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.






33. A concept used by Charles Horton Cooley that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interactions with others.






34. The number of deaths per 1 -000 population in a given year. Also known as the crude death rate.






35. A neighborbood that residents identify through defined community borders and through a perception that adjacent areas are geographically separate and socially different.






36. A principle of organizational life developed by Robert Michels under which even democratic organizations will become bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals.






37. A political philosophy promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions.






38. A city with only a few thousand people living within its borders and characterized by a relatively closed class system and limited mobility.






39. Max Weber's term for people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods - positive living conditions - and favorable life experiences.






40. A city characterized by relatively large size - open competition - an open class system - and elaborate specialization in the manufacturing of goods.






41. The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another - thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint.






42. A term used to describe the change from high birthrates and death rates to relatively low birthrates and death rates.






43. Latino folk medicine using holistic health care and healing.






44. A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal.






45. Difficulties that occur when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person.






46. A floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society - whatever their lifestyles - are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole.






47. Organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer.






48. The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the production of food but increase their crop yield through such innovations as the plow.






49. A view of society in which many competing groups within the community have access to governmental officials so that no single group is dominant.






50. The practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria.







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