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CLEP Western Civilization II

Subjects : clep, history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. French philosopher. Scorned all authority - religion - and corrupt government. Extreme CYNIC. Believed in tolerance - reason - and freedom of thought - expression - and religious belief - but not Christianity. Famous quote - 'CRUSH THE INFAMOUS THING






2. Founded the famous British RHODES SCHOLARS program for study in Oxford - England. He wanted students from colonies to study in England - then return and help the empire. RHODESIA (Zimbabwe) named after him.






3. Overthrew the provisional government in Russia in 1917 - made null the democratic reforms - and established a dictatorship.






4. The violent backlash in France against the rule of Robspierre that began with his arrest and execution in July 1794 - or 9 Thermidor in the French revolutionary calendar. Most of the instruments of Terror were dismantled - Jacobins were purged from p






5. The place at which the three allied leaders - Truman - Stalin - and Atlee - met to discuss the distribution of Germany and the ultimatum that they would issue to Japan demanding thier immediate surrender






6. Finance minister who INDUSTRIALIZED Russia.






7. A war between France and Prussia that ended the Second Empire in France and led to the founding of modern Germany; 1870-1871Declared by OTTO VON BISMARK. Humiliating for the French.






8. Prime minister of Sardinia (northern Italy) who vowed to drive out the Austrians and worked towards a united Italy.






9. Passed in 1833 by the SADLER COMMITTEE - this helped prevent exploitation of children factory workers.






10. Document that helped create the UNITED NATIONS.






11. Isolated the TUBERCULOSIS bacillus.






12. Fascist dictator of ITALY (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia - joined Germany in the Axis pact - and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.Called IL DUCE (the leader)






13. New 'SECULAR' name for a month in summer.






14. German Lutheran astronomer - discovered that the paths of the planets around the sun are ELLIPTICAL rather that circular.






15. RUSSIA - PRUSSIA - AUSTRIA - AND BRITAIN banded together to defeat the tyrant Napoleon.






16. JACOBIN French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794).






17. Monopolized more than 75% of U.S. oil.






18. The end of the FRANCO-PRUSSIAN War. Alsace and Lorraine given to Germany.






19. Extermination of the Jews.






20. Alliance between Germany - Italy - Austria-Hungary before WWI






21. Result of end of Austria-Prussian War - Austria doesn't get involved in German affairs - North German Confederation made under rulership of Prussia. Major step towards German unification.






22. Prussian king of the 18th century; attempted to introduce Enlightenment reforms into Germany; built on military and BUREAUCRATIC foundations of his predecessors; introduced freedom of religion; increased state control of economy. ENLIGHTENED DESPOT.






23. First ruled by the Great Elector - Frederick William. Formed after Thirty Year's War. Prussia's nobles - JUNKERS - were given exemption from taxes to give loyalty to the Fredericks. Built an enormous army. Would become Germany.






24. Anti-Nazi - Anti-Vichy Regime French fighters who were led by CHARLES de GAULLE.






25. Last German offensive on the Western Front in World War II. Its failure hastened German defeat.






26. Father of modern CONSERVATISM. noted for his emphasis on tradition. Wrote 'Reflections on the Revolution in France.'






27. The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.






28. This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia - created a new law code - and greatly expanded Russia. ENLIGHTENED DESPOT who wrote to Voltaire and Diderot and questioned capital punishment and serfdom.






29. Tutor of Louis XIV who taught about the DIVINE RIGHT of the monarchy - which helped secure Louis' ideal of absolute monarchy. Conservative. Wrote 'Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture.'






30. Forefront - cutting edge - trailblazers of the revolution.






31. Founded the Salvation Army






32. English philosopher who advocated the idea of a 'social contract' in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to LIFE - LIBERTY AND PROPER






33. Greater freedom for Ireland.






34. Local communist councils established throughout Russia.






35. Lenin was forced to institute this policy - which allowed PEASANTS to SELL some of what they produced.






36. Mutiny of Russia's fleet took place here.






37. In 1898 - a conflict between the United States and Spain - in which the U.S. supported the CUBANS' fight for INDEPENDENCE.






38. Wrote 'THE SPIRIT OF THE LAWS' - advocated separation of powers with the three BRANCHES of legislative - judicial - and executive - plus checks and balances.






39. Declared GREECE independent and mandated a monarchy there.






40. The Quadruple Alliance - Russia - Prussia - Austria - and Britain...plus France - to prevent France's resentment towards the victors.






41. Made by Mussolini with the CATHOLIC CHURCH. Declared catholicism Italy's official religion - made church lands tax exempt - and gave church ability to oversee rules regarding marriage. The church then RECOGNIZED MUSSOLINI's status as ruler of Italy.






42. Puritan Leader of the Roundheads (parliamentarians) in the English Civil War. He was declared 'protector' of England - Ireland - and Scotland (like a king). After his death - the monarchy was restored.






43. The Soviets invade Afghanistan - many people support Afghanistan through the context of the Cold War and to prevent the spread of Communism.






44. A highly influential French philosopher who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good - and be a democracy. Wrote 'SOCIAL CONTRACT -' and advocated the general w






45. French liberals who wanted the absolute monarchy; supported Charles X - wanted the ANCIEN REGIME






46. Stalin's successor - wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with Khrushchev - France and Great Britain in Geneva - Switzerland in July - 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved.






47. Developed the SCIENTIFIC METHOD through the INDUCTIVE method (specific to general) - wrote Novum Organum.






48. The CONSERVATIVE side of the National Assembly. They favored having a king and wanted an absolute monarchy like England. They were the first people to control the National Assembly.






49. OLD ORDER of kings who ruled absolutely.






50. 1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of worship. Revoked by Louis XIV in 1658. He chased the HUGUENOTS out of the country.







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