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CLEP Western Civilization II

Subjects : clep, history
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Wrote 'THE SPIRIT OF THE LAWS' - advocated separation of powers with the three BRANCHES of legislative - judicial - and executive - plus checks and balances.






2. The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France - conducted foreign policy - and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795. REIGN OF TERROR.






3. The violent backlash in France against the rule of Robspierre that began with his arrest and execution in July 1794 - or 9 Thermidor in the French revolutionary calendar. Most of the instruments of Terror were dismantled - Jacobins were purged from p






4. Fascist dictator of ITALY (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia - joined Germany in the Axis pact - and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.Called IL DUCE (the leader)






5. First ruled by the Great Elector - Frederick William. Formed after Thirty Year's War. Prussia's nobles - JUNKERS - were given exemption from taxes to give loyalty to the Fredericks. Built an enormous army. Would become Germany.






6. Piedmont - Italy defeated Austro-Hungarian empire and won their INDEPENDENCE.






7. The Soviets invade Afghanistan - many people support Afghanistan through the context of the Cold War and to prevent the spread of Communism.






8. Farmers who resisted COLLECTIVIZATION and were labeled enemies of Stalin. All were executed.






9. A military draft






10. Italian POLITICAL party created by Benito Mussolini during World War I. It emphasized aggressive nationalism and was Mussolini's instrument for the creation of a dictatorship in Italy. Didn't believe in democracy.






11. Greater freedom for Ireland.






12. Developed the SCIENTIFIC METHOD through the INDUCTIVE method (specific to general) - wrote Novum Organum.






13. Idea created by JOHANN GOTTFRIED HERGER about a 'PEOPLE'S SPIRIT' to identify the national character of Germany - but soon passed to other countries. NATIONALISM.






14. Worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land. Known in America as the French and Indian War.

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15. Alliance between Germany - Italy - Austria-Hungary before WWI






16. An association of British socialists who advocate gradual evolutionary reforms within the law leading to democratic SOCIALISM.






17. Founded the Salvation Army






18. Civil conflict caused by Irish nationalists in the IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY against the British Empire - led by EAMON de VALERA.






19. King of PIEDMONT-SARDINIA - part of Italy.






20. Powerful poem by WILFRED OWEN about the horrors of WWI.






21. BOLSHEVIKS. Revolutionaries and communists.






22. An economic advisor to Louis XIV; he supported mercantilism and tried to make France economically self-sufficient. Louis ruined it by his multiple expensive wars and lavish lifestyle.






23. French general who became EMPEROR of the French (1769-1821) Subtly became sole ruler of a country trying to become democratic. Claimed the title of FIRST CONSUL. Napoleon waged economic and literal war on England constantly. KING OF ITALY too.






24. Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires over Christian shrines and territory fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion - Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans.






25. ELECTED president of France following general election. Won 70% of the votes because of his name. Bonaparte later changed the government to an empire w/himself as emperor just like his uncle - the original Napoleon. Took the title of EMPEROR NAPOLEON






26. German Lutheran astronomer - discovered that the paths of the planets around the sun are ELLIPTICAL rather that circular.






27. Advanced the treatment and diagnosis of disease. Thought that diseases were caused by chemical imbalances.






28. Large Empire ruled by Habsburgs. Created after Thirty Year's War. Unstable due to ethnic - linguistic - cultural and political differences in it's people. Sided with Germany during WWI. It split up following the end of the war.






29. Mussolini's rise to power. Thousands of followers marched on Rome. King Victor Emmanuel III made Mussolini prime minister. Then Fascists made all other political parties illegal.






30. Idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the GREATEST NUMBER of people. Associated with JEREMY BENTHAM.






31. A Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy. He dissected human cadavers. (1514-1564)






32. Ancient scientist who said earth was the center of the universe






33. The Quadruple Alliance - Russia - Prussia - Austria - and Britain...plus France - to prevent France's resentment towards the victors.






34. Prussian king of the 18th century; attempted to introduce Enlightenment reforms into Germany; built on military and BUREAUCRATIC foundations of his predecessors; introduced freedom of religion; increased state control of economy. ENLIGHTENED DESPOT.






35. The French King who built the palace at Versailles - The longest standing King of France 'SUN KING' - - One of the most powerful monarchs of Europe - ruling 72 years. He was famous for his quote -'I AM THE STATE.' Executed by furious revolutionaries.






36. Tsar who - in the late 17th and early 18th century - turned to the western model to 'modernize' Russia.






37. The GREEKS revolted against the OTTOMANS for their independence.The Concert of Europe generally opposed to this.






38. US president who gave a deadline to the Soviet Union to stop building missiles on Cuba.






39. New 'SECULAR' name for a month in summer.






40. Robert Jenkins - an English Captain - had his ear cut off by Spanish authorities when trying to smuggle goods into Spain. He preserved his ear in a jar of brandy and seven years later in 1738 - he appeared before the British Parliament and showed the

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41. 1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of worship. Revoked by Louis XIV in 1658. He chased the HUGUENOTS out of the country.






42. British political party. Liberals. Against the king.






43. English philosopher who advocated the idea of a 'social contract' in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to LIFE - LIBERTY AND PROPER






44. Austrian and Prussian emperor declared that they would declare war on France if the ROYAL FAMILY was harmed.






45. Agreement between Napoleon and Czar Alexander I in which Russia became an ally of France and Napoleon took over the lands of Prussia west of the Elbe as well as the Polish provinces.






46. First loss of a European power to an ASIAN COUNTRY.






47. Wrote the pamphlet 'What is the THIRD ESTATE' concerning the plight of France's lower class.






48. Prime minister of Sardinia (northern Italy) who vowed to drive out the Austrians and worked towards a united Italy.






49. French philosopher. Scorned all authority - religion - and corrupt government. Extreme CYNIC. Believed in tolerance - reason - and freedom of thought - expression - and religious belief - but not Christianity. Famous quote - 'CRUSH THE INFAMOUS THING






50. In 1898 - a conflict between the United States and Spain - in which the U.S. supported the CUBANS' fight for INDEPENDENCE.