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Test your basic knowledge |
Consumer Behavior
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attribution theory suggests that consumers are likely to credit their successes to outside sources
Informal Communication Source
Local Strategy
Attitude-Toward-the-Ad Models
External Attributions
2. A form of retraction or clarification a company must issue when it makes false or misleading claims in its advertising
Subjective Measures
Corrective Advertising
Source Credibility
Sex Roles
3. An individual's perceived age (usually 10 to 15 years younger than his chronological age)
Peripheral Route to Persuasion
Cognitive Ages
Participant Observers
Addressable Messages
4. Advertising designed to promote a favorable company image rather than specific products
Institutional Advertising
Addressable Messages
Sleeper Effect
Buzz Agents
5. Theories based on the premise that learning takes place as the result of observable responses to external stimuli
Cross-Cultural Consumer Analysis
Intention-to-Buy Scales
Behavioral Learning
Ego-Defensive Function
6. A source of communication that speaks on behalf of an organization - either a for-profit or a not-for-profit organization
Formal Communication Source
Viral Marketing
Consumer Involvement
Stimulus Discrimination
7. A theory that suggest the memory of a negative cue simply decays faster than the message itself - leaving behind the primary message content
Recognition and Recall Tests
Socioeconomic Status Score
Rokeach Value Survey
Differential Decay
8. A theory of attitude change that suggests individuals form attitudes that are consistent with their own prior behavior
Comparative Advertising
Attitude-Toward-Behavior Model
Aided Recall
Foot-In-The-Door Technique
9. Researchers who participate in the environment that they are studying without notifying those who are being observed
Broadcast Model
Participant Observers
Content Analysis
Market Maven
10. Standardizing both product and communications programs when conducting business on a global basis
Global Strategy
Socialization of Family Members
Product Standardization
Exposure Effects
11. A theory that suggests that a person's level of involvement during message processing is a critical factor in determining which route to persuasion is likely to be effective
Country-of-Origin Effects
Multiattribute Attitude Models
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
Foot-In-The-Door Technique
12. A progression of stages through which many families pass. the five traditional FLC stages are bachelorhood - honeymooners - parenthood - post-parenthood - and dissolution
Central Route to Persuasion
Traditional Family Life Cycle
Theory-of-Reasoned-Action (TRA) Model
Multiattribute Attitude Models
13. A promotional theory that proposes that highly involved consumers are best reached through ads that focus on the specific attributes of the product
Consumer Generated Media
Passive Learning
Socialization Agent
Central Route to Persuasion
14. A comprehensive theory of the interrelationship among attitudes - intentions and behavior
Theory-of-Reasoned-Action (TRA) Model
Country-of-Origin Effects
Value-Expressive Function
Attributions Toward Others
15. A component of the functional approach to attitude-change theory that suggests that attitudes express consumers' general values - lifestyles - and outlook
Cognitive Learning
Advertising Resonance
Generation X
Value-Expressive Function
16. A model that proposes that a consumer's attitude toward a specific behavior is a function of how strongly he or she believes that the action will lead to a specific outcome
Sleeper Effect
Attitude-Toward-Behavior Model
Social Status
Peripheral Route to Persuasion
17. The perceived honesty and objectivity of the source of the communication
Sleeper Effect
Participant Observers
Socialization Agent
Source Credibility
18. Well-known brand names; have become global "cultural icons" and enjoy powerful advantages over the competition
Country-of-Origin Effects
Sale Effects
Attitude-Toward-the-Ad Models
Megabrands
19. The division of members of a society into a hierarchy of distinct status classes - so that members of each class have either higher or lower status than members of other classes
Exposure Effects
Rokeach Value Survey
Index of Status Characteristics
Social Class
20. An extension of the TRA model which includes an additional factor leading to intention - a customer's perception whether a behavior is within his or her control
Objective Measures
Foot-In-The-Door Technique
Tricomponent Attitude Model
Theory of Planned Behavior
21. A theory concerned with how people assign causality to events - and form or alter their attitudes after assessing their own or other people's behaviors
Broadcast Model
Attribution Theory
Audience Profile
Exposure Effects
22. An anthropological measurement technique that focuses on observing behavior within a natural environment (often without the subjects awareness)
Megabrands
Stimulus-Response Learning
Knowledge Function
Field Observation
23. All ads that reach the consumer online and on any mobile communication devices such as PDAs - cell phones and smartphones (aka mobile advertising)
Consumer Generated Media
Unaided Recall
Encoding
Local Strategy
24. A model that proposes that a consumer's attitude toward a product or brand is a function of the presence of certain attributes and the consumer's evaluation of those attributes
Attributions Toward Others
Source Credibility
Field Observation
Attitude-Toward-Object Model
25. The consumer is shown an ad and asked whether he or she remembers seeing it and recalls any of its salient points
Aided Recall
Encoding
Sleeper Effect
Attitude-Toward-Object Model
26. Reinforcement performed before the desired consumer behavior actually takes place - increases the probabilities that certain desired customers behavior will occur
Shaping
Cognitive Ages
Covert - Masked or Stealth Marketing
External Attributions
27. Individuals inferences or judgements as to the causes of their own behavior
Mixed Strategies
Self-Perception Theory
Multiattribute Attitude Models
Country-of-Origin Effects
28. Marketing messages and promotional materials that appear to come from independent parties - although they are sent by marketers
Covert - Masked or Stealth Marketing
Functional Approach
Utilitarian Function
Family Branding
29. Others behave in response to certain situations (stimuli) and the ensuing results (reinforcement) that occur - and they imitate (model) the positively reinforced behavior when faced with similar situations
Local Strategy
Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning
Persuasion Effects
Modeling (observational/vicarious learning)
30. A model that proposes that a consumer forms various feelings (affects) and judgments (cognition) as the result of exposure to an advertisement - which - in turn - affect the consumer's attitude toward the ad and beliefs and attitudes toward the br
Source Amnesia
Institutional Advertising
Central Route to Persuasion
Attitude-Toward-the-Ad Models
31. Attitudes consist of three major components: cognitive component - an affective component - and a conative component
Consumer Socialization
Tricomponent Attitude Model
Source Credibility
Traditional Family Life Cycle
32. A theory that suggest consumers are likely to accept credit for successful outcomes (internal attribution) and to blame other persons or products for failure (external attribution)
Generation X
Licensing
Defensive Attribution
Source Credibility
33. A series of personal evaluations an individual uses to put himself or herself into a social class
Subjective Measures
Persuasion Effects
Cognitive Ages
Attitude-Toward-Behavior Model
34. An unpleasant or negative outcome that also serves to encourage a specific behavior
Information Processing
Aided Recall
Negative Reinforcement
Subjective Measures
35. Moral rules that apply to consumers - such as the choices to return a used item for a refund - shoplift - and engages in software piracy - as well as the steps the company takes to counter these actions - such as charging restocking fees and lim
Attribution Theory
Mixed Strategies
Consumer Ethics
Content Analysis
36. The approximately 71 million Americans who were born between the years of 1977 and 1994 (the children of the baby boomers)
Generation X
Generation Y
Content Analysis
Field Observation
37. The use of a single socioeconomic variable (such as income) to estimate an individual's relative social class
Addressable Advertising
Single-Variable Indexes
Stimulus Generalization
Internal Attributions
38. Originally defined as a person whom the message receiver knows personally - such as a parent or friend who gives product information or advice - today it includes people who influence one's consumption via online social networks
Sleeper Effect
Positive Reinforcement
Comparative Advertising
Informal Communication Source
39. Observational research by anthropologists of the behaviors of a small sample of people from a particular society
Foot-In-The-Door Technique
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Consumer Fieldwork
Ego-Defensive Function
40. Portrays consumers' attitudes with regard to an attitude object as a function of consumers perception and assessment of key attributes or beliefs held with regard to the particular attitude object
Corrective Advertising
Multiattribute Attitude Models
Aided Recall
Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning
41. Customizing both product and communications programs by area or country when conducting business on a global basis
Stimulus Discrimination
Determined Detractors
Geodemographic Clusters
Local Strategy
42. Products that are manufactured - packaged - and positioned the same way regardless of the country in which they are sold
Ego-Defensive Function
World Brand
Persuasion Effects
Addressable Messages
43. Advertising that explicitly names or otherwise identifies one or more competitors of the advertised brand for the purpose of claiming superiority - either on an overall basis or on selected product groupings
Passive Learning
Media Strategy
Cross-Cultural Consumer Analysis
Comparative Advertising
44. Individuals whose influence stems from a general knowledge and market expertise that lead to an early awareness of new products and services
Market Maven
Societal Marketing Concept
Physiological Measures
Rokeach Value Survey
45. The point at which an individual can become satiated with numerous exposures and both attention and retention decline
Participant Observers
Advertising Wearout
Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
46. A composite index of geographic and socioeconomic factors expressed in residential zip-code neighborhoods from which geodemographic consumer segments are formed
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
Cognitive Ages
PRIZM NE
Addressable Messages
47. According to Pavlovian theory - conditioned learning results when a stimulus paired with another stimulus that elicits a known response serves to product the same response by itself
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Single-Variable Indexes
Cognitive Learning
Classical Conditioning
48. Determination if an advertisement increased a product's sales
Covert - Masked or Stealth Marketing
Sale Effects
Participant Observers
Attitude-Toward-Behavior Model
49. Messages that can be customized and addressed to various receivers. different receivers can get varied renderings of the same basic message
Defensive Attribution
Addressable Messages
Exposure Effects
Value-Expressive Function
50. Wordplay - often used to create a double meaning - used in combination with a relevant picture
Tricomponent Attitude Model
Advertising Resonance
Value-Expressive Function
Stimulus Generalization