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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The particle horizon is the farthest we can see. It exists because the universe had a beginning and thus a definite age. Light from distances farther away from the particle horizon have not had time to reach us yet.
Milky way Galaxy
Flare
Particle Horizon
Filament
2. The location in the Milky Way where stars orbit like a solid wheel
weight
Bulge
Big Crunch
force
3. What causes the zones and belts on jupiter and saturn?
inferior planets
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
Thermonuclear Fusion
Flat - Flat
4. Flat disk with gas - dust - H2 regions - molecular clouds - dust young stars and remnants of old planetary nebula and supernova remnants. stars spin together with similar velocities called differential rotation
disk
density parameter
fusion crust
Neutron Star
5. Electromagnetic Radiation
Spectroscopic parallax
A family of radiant energy- includes light
resonance
aurora
6. The mirror that gathers the light in a reflector
Kuiper belt
Primary Mirror
acceleration
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
7. When the Sun moves from south to north across the celestial equator (about March 21)
Vernal Equinox
Total Eclipse
isotropic
molecular clouds
8. A star fusing hydrogen to helium in it's core
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
Liquid metallic hydrogen
Main Sequence Stars
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
9. The 'edge' of the universe. Light beyond this has not reached us yet.
partile horizon
density
cosmic singularity
Cosmic Microwave Background
10. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
Hyashi track
Chromosphere
Most dense
Superior planets
11. A spread of light with an uninterrupted wavelength distribution of energy.
Synchrotron Rotation
meteor shower
Continuous Spectrum
quarks
12. The mass of an object divided by its volume
zone
density
synchrotron radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
13. Formed rapidly - collapsed slower into disk shape - star birth rate is low but lasts longer and ongoing - contain higher mass blue stars.
Umbra
Chromosphere
Ganymede (Jupiter)
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
14. Massive compact halo objects (MACHO) - weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPY's)
Dark matter candidates
disk
Cassini division
Callisto (Jupiter)
15. Extends to a distance of 50000AU. Same objects as in the Kuiper belt-when they fall in toward the sun they become comets. Debris from comets hitting the Earths atmosphere cause meteor showers.
Oort Cloud
accretion disk
blazar
fewest moons
16. Mercury
Photosphere
Main Sequence Stars
most eccentric orbit
Astronomical Unit
17. Sudden blasts of gamma radiation from a very distant galaxy caused possibly by a supernova explosion.
cosmic fireball
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Light Gathering Power
Gamma ray bursts
18. Light scattered through the atmosphere that degrades astronomical images
Light Pollution
weight
planetary nebula
Sa spiral galaxy
19. Ancient stream channels - flood planes - and sedimentary-type rock. Frozen water is found in the polar ice caps and in the soil.
Heliocentric
Lagrangian Razor
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
evidence of water on mars
20. The measure of a variable star's apparent magnitude as it brightens and dims with time
general star population
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
Light Curve
coma
21. Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune
Jovian Planets
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
opposition
22. Jupiter
Nova
epicycle
Hubble constant
fastest rotation
23. Saturn
fusion crust
Electron
Nova
least dense
24. When particles are compressed to an unnatural state where their pressure is not related to their temperature
Light Pollution
Filament
Degeneracy
CMB
25. A phenomenon seen when the Earth passes through the orbit of a burned out comet
meteor shower
Total Eclipse
H-are Diagram
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
26. The shadow behind the Earth or Moon where the Sun is partially obscured.
dark matter
Primary Mirror
Gamma ray bursts
Penumbra
27. Milky way galaxy is a member - a small poor cluster-about 30 galaxies
accretion
Photon
Refractor
The Local Group
28. An energetic event taking place in the early universe
Cosmological Principle
Gamma-ray Burst
Main Sequence Stars
supernova
29. Sc galaxies
quasar
Photosphere
Extrasolar Planet
Flocculent spirals
30. A quantity measuring the stability of the Earth's atmosphere
H2 Regions
Geocentric
radio galaxy
Seeing
31. The oldest part of the Milky Way
comet
Halo
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
32. The lens in a telescope used to determine the magnification
Eyepiece Lens
Blackbody
Cepheid variables
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
33. The universe is isotropic - homogeneous - and without beginning or end in time and space. If the universe is truly homogeneous then every line of sight will eventually end on a galaxy. If it has existed forever then there has been enough time for lig
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34. Sudden blasts of gamma radiation from a very distant galaxy caused possibly by a supernova explosion.
Gamma ray bursts
Rich vs poor clusters
Cassegrain Focus
Convection
35. The material from which the solar system formed
Corona
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
Prominence
solar nebula
36. Medium bulge - moderately would arms - arms have H2 regions in them and look sort of lumpy
Thermonuclear Fusion
meteor
Sb spiral galaxy
Sc spiral galaxy
37. The law stating that hotter blackbodies look bluer than cooler blackbodies.
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38. The fate of the universe if it is closed. The universe expanding as much as possible and then retracting
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
Big Crunch
retrograde motion
Cassegrain Focus
39. A measure of how an object resists accelerating when acted upon by a force. It is proportional the amount of matter in an object
Sidereal Day
mass
molecular clouds
neutrino
40. The movement of the Earth's crustal plates riding on top of the mantle.
plate tectonics
Black Hole
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
Poor Cluster
41. A representation of the changes in color and brightness of an evolving protostar.
Plague
meteor
Occam's razor
Hyashi track
42. The material from which the solar system formed
solar nebula
H-are Diagram
Shepherd satellite
Reflector
43. A continuous spectrum of light missing energy at a few wave lengths.
Sa spiral galaxy
Open Cluster
Absorption Spectrum
Oort cloud
44. Originially thought to be stars emitting radio radiation but are now concluded to be nuclei of distant galaxies (same as radio galaxies aka emit streams of material)
quasar
Atomic Number
partile horizon
Ole Roemer
45. An important quality of telescopes that increases as the square of the primary mirror or objective lens
Big Bang
CCD
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
Light Gathering Power
46. The time when the universe cooled sufficiently for atoms to exist. radiation dominated= first 300000 years - THEN era of recombination turns into matter dominated for next.
resonance
Terrestrial Planets
era of recombination
Open Cluster
47. A massive variable star used to find distances to the galaxies or clusters that contain them.
Cepheid Variable
Superior planets
Cassini division
Chandrasekhar Limit
48. The mass of an object divided by its volume
Total Eclipse
Radiative Diffusion
neutrino
density
49. Venus
Self-Propogating Star Formation
Neutron Star
density parameter
hottest surface
50. Distribution of dust (tells us disk is thin) - find distances to O&B stars and H2 regions (arms are sights of star formation and OB stars live and die at location of birth) -Milky way has four arms. Sun is in spur apart from arms.
partile horizon
density parameter
disk
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
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