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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When particles are compressed to an unnatural state where their pressure is not related to their temperature
Photon
Degeneracy
radiant
Titus-Bode Law
2. Light-flaky crust - convective currents cause it to wrinkle and bunch (1/5 of surface). uniform cratering suggests lack of weathering and tectonics. volcanoes are flat due to atmospheric pressure.
tectonics of Venus
Parallax
Plank's Law
Terrestrial Planets
3. Neptune or uranus
Coldest surface
protostar
Vernal Equinox
Focal Plane
4. Mercury
Drake equation
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
quasar
smallest diameter
5. The act of removing an electron from an atom.
Ionization
Grand design spirals
quarks
Make up of the jovian planets
6. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun (=1.5 x10^8km)
Astronomical Unit
reflection star clusters
Seyfert galaxy
synchrotron radiation
7. A huge sphere of tenuous gas surrounding the nucleus of a comet
matter dominated universe
coma
Interstellar Extinction
Jovian Planets
8. Clouds of low density gas often found glowing faintly on either side of an AGN.
Proton-proton chain
Interstellar Extinction
radio lobe
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
9. A nearby galaxy with a quasar-like nucleus. closer but less bright than quasars-weaker
Seyfert galaxy
weight
Radiative Diffusion
Plank's Law
10. A galaxy emitting large amounts of energy at long wavelengths.
Cassegrain Focus
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
radio galaxy
OB Associations
11. Extremely round - lots of liquid water - ice rafts on surface ACTIVE SURFACE
Europa (Jupiters moon)
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
12. A collection of galaxies like the one the Milky Way belongs to
Density Wave
Convection
Convection
Poor Cluster
13. Ganymede
Summer Solstice
force
Total Eclipse
MOONS: largest size
14. An object that may remain after a star explodes
Magnification
Objective Lens
Neutron Star
Spectral Lines
15. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun (=1.5 x10^8km)
Astronomical Unit
neutrino
Olber's paradox
terrestrial planet
16. The science of measuring the apparent magnitudes of stars by imaging them through different filters.
opposition
aurora
Cosmic Microwave Background
Photometry
17. The point where a superior planet is as far away from the sun as it can be (as seen from the Earth)
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
opposition
A family of radiant energy- includes light
18. A telescope that uses lenses to focus light
OB Associations
Vernal Equinox
Refractor
Superior planets
19. The assumption that the universe is isotropic (same in all directions) and homogeneous (Same everywhere throughout)
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Jupiters red spot
Prominence
cosmological principle
20. The fusion process that turns three helium nuclei into a carbon nucleus
Nebula
Focal Plane
Triple Alpha rocess
Rich Cluster
21. Light scattered through the atmosphere that degrades astronomical images
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
Light Pollution
comet
regolith
22. Flat disk with gas - dust - H2 regions - molecular clouds - dust young stars and remnants of old planetary nebula and supernova remnants. stars spin together with similar velocities called differential rotation
disk
Neutron Star
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
tectonics of Venus
23. A very low mass particle formed in solar fusion reactions that reacts only weakly with matter
Parsec
neutrino
Triple Alpha rocess
Drake equation
24. The distance a moon can be from a planet before shattering from tidal forces
roche limit
tectonics of Mars
Sc spiral galaxy
Synchrotron Rotation
25. Long - meandering cliff formed when a planet surface cools and shrinks
Electromagnetic Radiation: Microwave
Sb spiral galaxy
scarp
matter dominated universe
26. The fusion process that turns three helium nuclei into a carbon nucleus
Dwarf planets
Apollo asteroids
Pulsar
Triple Alpha rocess
27. Latin for 'cloud'. A word used to describe the collections of gas and dust in the Milky Way and other galaxies
Self-Propogating Star Formation
Nebula
acceleration
If it is in a denser medium - such as glass - it will move slower
28. A bridge of material held in position above the solar surface. They can remain for hours even days
Prominence
radio galaxy
blazar
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
29. Large nebula consisting of very cold gas and dust
Molecular Clouds
Big Crunch
Energy Level
Cosmological Principle
30. Venus (retrograde)
slowest rotation
Jovian Planets
Rich vs poor clusters
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
31. Stars orvits do not define the spiral patterns - instead they are density waves that move at slower speeds (arms are defined by young O and B stars and gas clouds)
How is winding dilemma solved?
Coldest surface
Light Pollution
mass
32. In an OPEN UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is ____ - Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is____.
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
Granules
Photometry
Perihelion
33. A younger cluster of stars - found in the galaxy disk
Black Hole
Planck time
open star clusters
Open Cluster
34. The faint glow of light left over from the Big Bang. cosmic microwave background are the photons that remain after the big bang that have not turned into matter.
great dark spots
Halo
CMB
retrograde motion
35. Heavier elements such as iron - silicon - magnesium - sulfer - nickel
How is winding dilemma solved?
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Focal Length
36. A small round distribution of gas surrounding a dying star
Planetary Nebula
Cosmological Principle
isotropic
H-are Diagram
37. The process similar to conduction by which energy moves from the solar core to the convective layer
Refractor
Radiative Diffusion
least dense
Shepherd satellite
38. When the Sun moves from south to north across the celestial equator (about March 21)
MOONS: larger than mercury
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
Vernal Equinox
Enke gap
39. Is there water on the moon?
mass
widmanstatten pattern
Photon
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
40. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere.
Dark Nebula
Celestial Equator
Turn off Point
Parallax
41. The most mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing to a neutron star
Metals
Cosmological Principle
Chandrasekhar Limit
Void
42. An important quality of telescopes that increases as the square of the primary mirror or objective lens
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
Electron
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Light Gathering Power
43. A measure of the seasonal shifting of a star's position against farther stars or galaxies. The closer the star - the greater is the angular distance it shifts. We use it to find distances to stars that are up to 1000 pc away.
Trojan asteroids
Parallax
Planetary Nebula
superclusters
44. The most mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing to a neutron star
Gamma ray bursts
Chandrasekhar Limit
Lagrangian Razor
Electron
45. What do we think the actual fate of the universe will be and why do we think this?
density parameter
quarks
Astronomical Unit
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
46. A star fusing hydrogen to helium in it's core
Main Sequence Stars
Density Wave
Electromagnetic Radiation
Black Hole
47. The trapping of heat by carbon dioxide or other gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
aphelion
greehouse effects
Particle Horizon
synchrotron radiation
48. Sudden blasts of gamma radiation from a very distant galaxy caused possibly by a supernova explosion.
Gamma ray bursts
Coronal Loop
planetary nebula
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
49. The first rock-sized bodies that formed in the solar nebula from dust grains
interstellar dust
Kuiper belt
direct motion
chondrite
50. Sc galaxies where star formation and destruction is so rapid that supernova explosions are mainly responsible for compressing gas to create new stars.
rotation curve = dark matter?
Oort cloud
radio galaxy
self-propagating star formation