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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dying small mass stars lose their outer layers in a relatively gentle way - creating a round or bipolar nebula about the star (round like planets)
great red spot
planetary nebula
Terrestrial Planets
density waves
2. A fusion process in which a carbon atom transmutes to oxygen and back - creating a helium atom in the process
Liquid metallic hydrogen
CNO Cycle
quarks
hottest surface
3. The science of measuring light energy by wavelength.
Spectroscopy
Apparent Magnitude
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
protostar
4. Population 1- similar to the sun and 2% of elements are metal - Population 2- formed before gas was metal- only a fraction of mass is metal.
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
White Dwarf
gravity
Gravitational Lens
5. Is there water on the moon?
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
Electron
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
6. The ratio of the actual density of the universe to the critical density. (actual density divided by the critical density
Thickest atmosphere
density parameter
Kirkwood gaps
dark matter
7. The point in its orbit where a planet is nearest the sun
Perihelion
least dense
The Local Group
Filament
8. Ganymede
Ole Roemer
H2 Regions
nova
MOONS: largest size
9. A very low mass particle formed in solar fusion reactions that reacts only weakly with matter
meteor
neutrino
jovian
Active Optics
10. Mercury and venus
Spectroscopic Parallax
dark matter
fewest moons
Rich vs poor clusters
11. How did Earth come to have an oxygen rich atmosphere?
H2 Regions
Energy Level
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
12. Extends to a distance of 50000AU. Same objects as in the Kuiper belt-when they fall in toward the sun they become comets. Debris from comets hitting the Earths atmosphere cause meteor showers.
meteor
Photon
Oort Cloud
Ionization
13. What are the three possible geometries of the universe?
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
Hubble law
Open - flat - and closed.
Pulsar
14. A distance measure determined by the shifting of a star against the background sky every 6 months.
accretion disk
Horizontal Branch Star
Parsec
Galilean satellite
15. The displacement of spectral lines to redder colors caused by the expansion of the universe.
deferent
cosmological red shift
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Metals
16. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun (=1.5 x10^8km)
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Astronomical Unit
Pixel
cosmological principle
17. Form honeycomb like patterns surrounding empty or nearly empty voids.
Focal Plane
superclusters
300000 KM/sec
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
18. A younger cluster of stars - found in the galaxy disk
Hubble law
Open Cluster
Flare
Supercluster
19. Extremely round - lots of liquid water - ice rafts on surface ACTIVE SURFACE
conjunction
Europa (Jupiters moon)
thinnest atmosphere
Radio Galaxy
20. A planet that is closer to the sun than the earth
Dark Matter
inferior planets
Winter Solstice
cosmic singularity
21. The act of removing an electron from an atom.
quasar
reflection star clusters
Ionization
Callisto (Jupiter)
22. The line on an H-are diagram going from upper left to lower right where normal stars of different masses reside.
Thermal Equilibrium
Main Sequence
Color Index
Main Sequence Stars
23. A representation of the changes in color and brightness of an evolving protostar.
Photon
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
Hyashi track
conjunction
24. Distribution of dust (tells us disk is thin) - find distances to O&B stars and H2 regions (arms are sights of star formation and OB stars live and die at location of birth) -Milky way has four arms. Sun is in spur apart from arms.
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
Roundest orbit
Zenith
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
25. Is space infinitely large?
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26. Centered on the sun.
Active Optics
density waves
acceleration
Heliocentric
27. Earth
dark matter
Most dense
Oort Cloud
protostar
28. The point where an inferior planet is as far away from the sun as it can be (as seen from the Earth)
greatest elongation
force
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Thickest atmosphere
29. The seasonal shifting of a nearby star's position relative to more distant objects.
Sb spiral galaxy
Corona
Parallax
Plague
30. The entity responsible for spiral arms in grand-design spiral galaxies
Stephen-Boltzman Law
tectonics of Earth
Density Wave
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
31. First accurately measured the speed of light in a vacuum
Spectral Lines
Quasar
Ole Roemer
Kirchhoff's Law
32. What do we think the actual fate of the universe will be and why do we think this?
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
The Local Group
meteor shower
33. An object that may remain after a star explodes
zone
Neutron Star
Occam's razor
Coronal Loop
34. A small round distribution of gas surrounding a dying star
terrestrial planet
Flocculent spirals
Planetary Nebula
Dark matter candidates
35. The source of the force that is accelerating the expansion rate of the universe.
Titus-Bode Law
Lagrangian Razor
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
dark energy
36. Saturn
Lagrangian Razor
meteor
least dense
Kirchhoff's Law
37. If stars have diff orbital periods - than any arms formed by stars will wind into a tight spiral pattern (billion yrs or so)
Precession
protostar
Thermonuclear Fusion
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
38. What Ole Roemer used to measure the speed of light in a vacuum
Flocculent spirals
quasar
Photon
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
39. The time when the universe cooled sufficiently for atoms to exist. radiation dominated= first 300000 years - THEN era of recombination turns into matter dominated for next.
Corona
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
Thermal Equilibrium
era of recombination
40. When one side of a body always faces the planet it revolves around
general star population
great dark spots
synchronous rotation
Hubble law
41. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
Chromosphere
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
deferent
42. After stars form they pump light energy into surrounding gas causing it to heat up and glow (H2=ionized hydrogen - H1= neutral hydrogen in molcular couds)
Largest diameter
blazar
Ganymede (Jupiter)
H2 Regions
43. Star speed at outer edge of galaxy should begin to diminish - but they dont so we guess that this means there is increasing force (aka dark matter)
widmanstatten pattern
fusion crust
rotation curve = dark matter?
Black Hole
44. The dimming of starlight by intervening dust
radio lobe
Interstellar Extinction
Cosmic Microwave Background
MOONS: most geologically active
45. Sulfurous volcanoes - pools of liquid sulfur - surface resembles cheese pizza ACTIVE SURFACE
Supercluster
HII Region
Io (jupiters moon)
force
46. A telescope that uses mirrors to focus light
Reflector
inferior planets
thinnest atmosphere
Corona
47. The location in an H-are diagram of a star cluster - where stars have just left the main sequence. Used to estimate the cluster age.
Turn off Point
300000 KM/sec
interstellar dust
AGN
48. The slow wobble of the Earth on its rotation axis.
Precession
Sunspot cycle
If it is in a denser medium - such as glass - it will move slower
Kuiper belt
49. A star without enough mass to begin hydrogen fusion
Ground State
Brown dwarf
Open Cluster
300000 KM/sec
50. A word used in astronomy to describe all elements besides hydrogen and helium
CNO Cycle
Nucleus
acceleration
Metals