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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The movement of the Earth's crustal plates riding on top of the mantle.
Cosmic Microwave Background
scarp
plate tectonics
planetesimal
2. The dimming of starlight by intervening dust
Photon
disk
Photon
Interstellar Extinction
3. The apparent backward motion of a planet against the background of stars.
Disk
retrograde motion
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
4. Material that shoots rapidly out into space. Flares cause Auroras
Red Giant Branch Star
Flare
meteorite
Limb darkening
5. In an OPEN UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is ____ - Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is____.
Light-Year
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
quasar
Chromosphere
6. The fusion process that turns three helium nuclei into a carbon nucleus
cosmology
Callisto (Jupiter)
Triple Alpha rocess
Particle Horizon
7. The trapping of heat by carbon dioxide or other gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
greehouse effects
Secondary Mirror
accretion
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
8. Atmosphere blocks high energy wavelengths - atmosphere blurs optical radiation - atmosphere absorbs some radiation at all wavelengths even when it gets through.
disk
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
Particle Horizon
Ganymede (Jupiter)
9. The mix of pure photon energy that emerged at the start of the universe.
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
cosmic fireball
Maria
10. Small bulges - loosely wound - massive arms - arms have many H2 regions and look very lumpy
Chromosphere
Sc spiral galaxy
Disk
radio lobe
11. The rotation of a star or planet at different speeds at its equator and poles
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Ole Roemer
Bulge
differential rotation
12. The dark - relativley smooth areas on the moon; Latin for sea
Maria
OB Associations
Dark Nebula
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
13. Large bulge - tightly wound spiral arms - relatively few h2 regions and are smooth
Sa spiral galaxy
fewest moons
CMB
dark matter
14. The source of the force that is accelerating the expansion rate of the universe.
Plague
Sc spiral galaxy
dark energy
Primary Mirror
15. A prominence seen against the disk of the sun
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
radiant
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
Filament
16. What is the universe expanding into?
Open - flat - and closed.
radio lobe
Cepheid variables
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
17. Massive compact halo objects (MACHO) - weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPY's)
most moons
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
Geocentric
Dark matter candidates
18. Any class of objects with a uniform luminosity used to determine distance.
Thermal Equilibrium
standard candle
belt
E=mc2
19. Extremely round - lots of liquid water - ice rafts on surface ACTIVE SURFACE
tectonics of Earth
Europa (Jupiters moon)
Ganymede (Jupiter)
Gamma ray bursts
20. Large nebula consisting of very cold gas and dust
Colestial Pole
Molecular Clouds
Color Index
tectonics of Earth
21. A distance measure determined by the shifting of a star against the background sky every 6 months.
Dark Nebula
inferior planets
quasar
Parsec
22. When the Sun moves from south to north across the celestial equator (about March 21)
fusion crust
Titus-Bode Law
Liquid metallic hydrogen
Vernal Equinox
23. The philosophical stand that says a simpler explanation is more likely to be correct than a complicated one.
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24. Distribution of dust (tells us disk is thin) - find distances to O&B stars and H2 regions (arms are sights of star formation and OB stars live and die at location of birth) -Milky way has four arms. Sun is in spur apart from arms.
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Spectroscopic parallax
Umbra
25. Thick rigid crust - no longer has plate tectonics but still has convective hot spots that create earth-like volcanoes except that last for billions of years because of lack of tectonics.
deferent
gravity
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
tectonics of Mars
26. An evolved star - past the helium flash that is burning helium to carbon in it's cores
Synchrotron Rotation
Chandrasekhar Limit
Thickest atmosphere
Horizontal Branch Star
27. The amount of density needed to stop the universe from expanding and to begin the big crunch represented by Pc
critical density
Degeneracy
most eccentric orbit
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
28. The temp at which a substance in the vacuum of space solidifies
aurora
bulge
condensation temperature
Steady State Theory (Leads to Olber's Paradox)
29. A small chunk of rock in space
deferent
tectonics of Mars
Filament
meteoriod
30. Long - meandering cliff formed when a planet surface cools and shrinks
Umbra
deferent
Colestial Pole
scarp
31. The law stating that hotter blackbodies look bluer than cooler blackbodies.
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32. The surface of the sun
Photosphere
belt
Sunspots
Refractor
33. Mercury
Zenith
acceleration
Cassegrain Focus
thinnest atmosphere
34. A logarithmically scaled value for the measured brightness of a star.
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
Sunspots
Disk
Apparent Magnitude
35. Elliptical orbits that come inside orbit of the Earth.
supermassive black hole
Apollo asteroids
Oort Cloud
Parallax
36. An entity that is likely in the nucleus of most - if not all - galaxies.
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
supermassive black hole
Plague
acceleration
37. Sudden blasts of gamma radiation from a very distant galaxy caused possibly by a supernova explosion.
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
Gamma ray bursts
Gamma-ray Burst
self-propagating star formation
38. Sulfurous volcanoes - pools of liquid sulfur - surface resembles cheese pizza ACTIVE SURFACE
deferent
planetesimal
Io (jupiters moon)
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
39. Flattened spherical distribution of old stars with some young stars too. 'hub' of Milky way - stars orbit with solid body speeds. Elongated into bar shape
slowest rotation
quasar
bulge
Synchrotron Rotation
40. A crystalline patter found in iron meteorites
supernova
rotation curve = dark matter?
widmanstatten pattern
differential rotation
41. Saturn
least dense
Trojan asteroids
differential rotation
Winter Solstice
42. Hurricane-like vortex in southern-hemisphere winds to north and south blow in opposite directions which keep it spinning and with no subsurface features like mountians it persists.
Coronal Loop
synchronous rotation
Jupiters red spot
Seyfert galaxy
43. Wave- only waves cause an interference pattern when passing through a double slit - particle- only particles deposit energy at specific locations (the way an image builds up on digital camera)
MOONS: roundest shape
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
Trojan asteroids
Parsec
44. Venus (retrograde)
How is winding dilemma solved?
Ground State
slowest rotation
Hubble constant
45. Possible Fates of the Universe
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Bok Globule
Coronal Loop
acceleration
46. Centered on the Earth
Geocentric
CCD
least dense
HII Region
47. When the Sun is farthest south of the celestial equator (About December 22)
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
Color Index
Winter Solstice
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
48. Venus
SETI
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
Roundest orbit
supernova
49. The area behind a lens where images are resolved
condensation temperature
Make up of the jovian planets
planetary nebula
Focal Plane
50. In a FLAT UNIVERSE(our universe) - the curvature of space-time is ________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
asteroid
Milky way Galaxy
Magnification