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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First accurately measured the speed of light in a vacuum
evidence of water on mars
Ole Roemer
Radio Galaxy
partile horizon
2. A star that is burning hydrogen to helium in a shell surrounding it's core
Gamma-ray Burst
Red Giant Branch Star
Density Wave
Terrestrial Planets
3. A phenomenon seen when the Earth passes through the orbit of a burned out comet
great red spot
meteor shower
Granules
differential rotation
4. The apparent backward motion of a planet against the background of stars.
retrograde motion
Synodic Day
Rich vs poor clusters
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
5. Originially thought to be stars emitting radio radiation but are now concluded to be nuclei of distant galaxies (same as radio galaxies aka emit streams of material)
Penumbra
Corona
quasar
most eccentric orbit
6. When the Sun moves from south to north across the celestial equator (about March 21)
dark energy
Light Gathering Power
Continuous Spectrum
Vernal Equinox
7. Venus
neutrino
Doppler Shift
Thickest atmosphere
Celestial Equator
8. Light-flaky crust - convective currents cause it to wrinkle and bunch (1/5 of surface). uniform cratering suggests lack of weathering and tectonics. volcanoes are flat due to atmospheric pressure.
tectonics of Venus
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
roche limit
cosmic singularity
9. Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
Limb darkening
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Jovian Planets
10. Ganymede
MOONS: largest size
Cosmic Microwave Background
SETI
Light Pollution
11. The high- temperatature outer layer of the sun
Corona
Make up of the terrestrial planets
CNO Cycle
semimajor axis
12. A star that is burning hydrogen to helium in a shell surrounding it's core
belt
Red Giant Branch Star
coma
evidence of water on mars
13. Material that shoots rapidly out into space. Flares cause Auroras
Dwarf planets
evidence of water on mars
Flare
H2 Regions
14. The Big Bang says that the universe has not existed forever. It had a distinct beginning about 14 billion years ago called the 'Big Bang'. Therefore light from any object more than 14 billion light years away has not had time to reach us. The other p
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15. The nuclei of very distant galaxies. Likely a manifestation of supermassive black holes
Quasar
radiant
chemical differentiation
inferior planets
16. Approximate speed of light in a vacuum
300000 KM/sec
A family of radiant energy- includes light
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Electromagnetic Radiation
17. A spinning neutron star
Metals
Pulsar
Hubble law
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
18. A large - irregularly shaped rocky object orbiting the sun mostly between mars and jupiter. Left-over planetesimals
Main Sequence
asteroid
fusion crust
We don't know. It might be but does not have to be.
19. Radiation (possibly left over from the big bang) that fills the universe. Perfect black body spectrum and tells us a bit aout how galaxies are formed.
Halo
Active Optics
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
Dark Matter
20. The state of having a balance between inward and outard pressures in a gas--the inward force from gravity is balanced by the outward force from heat.
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Blackbody
Superior planets
Drake equation
21. A galaxy sending out a stream of material from its nucleus
Proton-proton chain
Radio Galaxy
Pixel
Brown dwarf
22. The distance between a lens and its focal plane
Hyashi track
inferior planets
The Big Bang Theory
Focal Length
23. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
weight
Horizontal Branch Star
Meridian
Chromosphere
24. The class of all objects having high energy radiation coming from their nuclei. Active Galactic Nucleus- Blazars - Quasars - Radio and Emit synchrotron radiation
cosmological principle
We don't know. It might be but does not have to be.
AGN
Hipparchus
25. The name for the only seriously considered theory of the universe.
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
Big Bang
Milky way Galaxy
deferent
26. A star that is in the process of forming. It glows from gravitational contraction
Active Optics
density waves
Kirchhoff's Law
protostar
27. When material is heated and moves taking the heat energy with it
Light Curve
scarp
Convection
Planetary Nebula
28. The shadow area behind the Earth or Moon where the Sun is completely obscured.
Penumbra
Primary Mirror
Red Giant Branch Star
Umbra
29. 10 cm -> 1 mm
Electromagnetic Radiation: Microwave
Nebula
Spectroscopy
Enke gap
30. The rotation period of the Earth measured relative to the Sun.
chemical differentiation
CNO Cycle
Trojan asteroids
Synodic Day
31. The Big Bang says that the universe has not existed forever. It had a distinct beginning about 14 billion years ago called the 'Big Bang'. Therefore light from any object more than 14 billion light years away has not had time to reach us. The other p
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32. The ratio of the actual density of the universe to the critical density. (actual density divided by the critical density
Synchrotron Rotation
Big Bang
density parameter
Horizontal Branch Star
33. The imaginary sphere centered on the Earth that hols the stars.
Metals
Seeing
Brown dwarf
Celestial Sphere
34. Plate tectonics due to thickness of crust and maintain their general form when they collide-where most volcanoes are.
tectonics of Earth
OB Associations
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
MOONS: roundest shape
35. Finding a star's absolute magnitude from it's placement on an HR diagram. After finding the absolute magnitude - we measure the apparent magnitude - for a distance modulus and use this to find the distance. This method is good for finding distances t
Cosmological Principle
Proton-proton chain
Spectroscopic parallax
Differential Rotation
36. A star that has become a red giant for the second and final time. It is burning helium to carbon in a shell surrounding the core
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
The Local Group
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Poor Cluster
37. Long - meandering cliff formed when a planet surface cools and shrinks
greatest elongation
scarp
disk
slowest rotation
38. Distance from sun to nucleus- 8 kiloparsecs (26000 LY) - diameter of Milky way- 150000 LY - length for sun to orbit once around milky way- 250 million years
Milky way Galaxy
Terrestrial Planets
Roundest orbit
Magnification
39. The final end state of an intermediate to high mass star. An entity in which all the electrons have been pushed into the protons.
Neutron Star
tectonics of Venus
300000 KM/sec
chemical differentiation
40. The law that predicts the possible types of spectra.
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41. A star that is in the process of forming. It glows from gravitational contraction
protostar
quarks
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
radiant
42. Comglomerates of ice and rock that orbit the sun in highly elliptical paths
Terrestrial Planets
Emission Spectrum
comet
Big Bang
43. Either Io -Europa - Ganymede - or Callisto
Nova
Galilean satellite
Cassini division
Chandrasekhar Limit
44. Highlands: rocks are made of lighter anorthosite (similar to old earth rocks) Maria: rocks made of heavy mare basalt (volcanic rock) everywhere else is loose regolith created by meteoric impact.
Spectroscopy
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
general star population
Apparent Magnitude
45. The 11 or 22 period on the sun durin which sunspots increase - decrease - change polarity - increase and decrease again.
Light Curve
Chandrasekhar Limit
partile horizon
Sunspot cycle
46. The name for the only seriously considered theory of the universe.
Photon
Big Bang
greehouse effects
Gamma ray bursts
47. The larger bodies that formed early in teh solar nebula that were chemically differentiated
cosmic singularity
planetesimal
Apollo asteroids
solar nebula
48. A planet orbiting about a distant star
Electromagnetic Radiation
Extrasolar Planet
MOONS: larger than mercury
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
49. Moon in less than the angular diameter of the Sun.
bulge
highlands
Annular Eclipse
Kuiper belt
50. After stars form they pump light energy into surrounding gas causing it to heat up and glow (H2=ionized hydrogen - H1= neutral hydrogen in molcular couds)
bulge
H2 Regions
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
Blackbody