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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dying large-mass stars lose their outer layers in a violent explosion creating large - chaotic remnants. these brighten like nova but are so much brighter and only occur ONCE PER STAR
Turn off Point
Ground State
Hyashi track
supernova
2. The opaque universe that existed for 300000 years after the Big Bang. (photons outnumbered nuclei by 1 billion to one - so less light)
self-propagating star formation
self-propagating star formation
radiation dominated universe
molecular clouds
3. Cold aggregates of gas - large and contain a huge amount of matter - so cold that molecules stick together to form molecules.
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
Halo
aurora
molecular clouds
4. Highlands: rocks are made of lighter anorthosite (similar to old earth rocks) Maria: rocks made of heavy mare basalt (volcanic rock) everywhere else is loose regolith created by meteoric impact.
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Shepherd satellite
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
Thermal Equilibrium
5. Venus
hottest surface
Gravitational Lens
force
Rich vs poor clusters
6. When the Sun is farthest south of the celestial equator (About December 22)
Winter Solstice
Corona
Disk
Light-Year
7. Jupiter
Absorption Spectrum
Galilean satellite
Largest diameter
Eyepiece Lens
8. Stars fromt he Halo that have drifted into the disk. as earth zooms past them in a faster orbit they appear to be going backward very fast
Ionization
High Velocity Stars
tectonics of Venus
Hubble constant
9. Dying small mass stars lose their outer layers in a relatively gentle way - creating a round or bipolar nebula about the star (round like planets)
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Light Curve
planetary nebula
tectonics of Earth
10. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun (=1.5 x10^8km)
Planetary Nebula
Astronomical Unit
Callisto (Jupiter)
Terrestrial Planets
11. Light-colored high-pressure bands in Jupiter's atmosphere
zone
inferior planets
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
Drake equation
12. The distance light travels in one year (=9.46x10^12km).
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
Light-Year
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
Resolving Power
13. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the large circle on which a planet's epicycle moved around the Earth.
SETI
deferent
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Black Hole
14. Matter so dense that even light cannot escape its gravity
Black Hole
resonance
quasar
Absolute Magnitude
15. The seasonal shifting of a nearby star's position relative to more distant objects.
partile horizon
Parallax
Bok Globule
great red spot
16. 1. We see rapid movements or high energy radiation coming at some level from the nuclei of nearly every galaxy we have looked at. 2. We suspect that the creation of these supermassive black holes is part of the galaxy formation process.
Ammonia - methane - and water
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
Flat - Flat
Ecliptic
17. After stars form they pump light energy into surrounding gas causing it to heat up and glow (H2=ionized hydrogen - H1= neutral hydrogen in molcular couds)
asteroid
H2 Regions
Brown dwarf
Quasar
18. The surface of the sun
Supercluster
Photosphere
nucleus
era of recombination
19. The location in an H-are diagram of a star cluster - where stars have just left the main sequence. Used to estimate the cluster age.
open star clusters
Density Wave
Turn off Point
Liquid metallic hydrogen
20. The 'edge' of the universe. Light beyond this has not reached us yet.
Ground State
Milky way Galaxy
thinnest atmosphere
partile horizon
21. Finding a star's absolute magnitude from it's placement on an HR diagram. After finding the absolute magnitude - we measure the apparent magnitude - for a distance modulus and use this to find the distance. This method is good for finding distances t
Spectroscopic parallax
Molecular Clouds
CCD
Electromagnetic Radiation
22. Clouds of low density gas often found glowing faintly on either side of an AGN.
Objective Lens
H-are Diagram
radio lobe
Horizontal Branch Star
23. Relativity predicts that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum - How can it move slower?
accretion
Corona
synchrotron radiation
If it is in a denser medium - such as glass - it will move slower
24. How did Earth come to have an oxygen rich atmosphere?
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
rotation curve = dark matter?
Colestial Pole
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
25. The science of measuring the apparent magnitudes of stars by imaging them through different filters.
interstellar dust
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
Photometry
evidence of water on mars
26. An object that may remain after a star explodes
accretion disk
belt
Neutron Star
Red Giant
27. The dark - relativley smooth areas on the moon; Latin for sea
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
Maria
Planetary Nebula
Kirchhoff's Law
28. A point in the sky where meteors appear to come from during a shower
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
highlands
Light-Year
radiant
29. Mercury and venus
meteoriod
Parsec
Sa spiral galaxy
fewest moons
30. A distance measure determined by the shifting of a star against the background sky every 6 months.
Celestial Sphere
Parsec
Coronal Loop
Spectral Lines
31. The line on an H-are diagram going from upper left to lower right where normal stars of different masses reside.
cosmic singularity
Light Curve
Main Sequence
plate tectonics
32. Stars orvits do not define the spiral patterns - instead they are density waves that move at slower speeds (arms are defined by young O and B stars and gas clouds)
Rich Cluster
How is winding dilemma solved?
accretion disk
matter dominated universe
33. The dark - relativley smooth areas on the moon; Latin for sea
Seyfert galaxy
Flat - Flat
Light Gathering Power
Maria
34. When the Moon entirely blocks the Sun.
Total Eclipse
Kirchhoff's Law
most moons
Roundest orbit
35. The powdered stone fragments that make up the lunar 'soil'
Enke gap
Black Hole
Parallax
regolith
36. Centered on the sun.
Autumnal Equinox
self-propagating star formation
Heliocentric
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
37. The powdered stone fragments that make up the lunar 'soil'
Winter Solstice
Prominence
regolith
Radiative Diffusion
38. Flat disk with gas - dust - H2 regions - molecular clouds - dust young stars and remnants of old planetary nebula and supernova remnants. stars spin together with similar velocities called differential rotation
disk
Proton-proton chain
Big Bang
self-propagating star formation
39. Radiation emitted when charged particles spiral rapidly in a magnetic field. come off of jets from black holes.
Io (jupiters moon)
mass
slowest rotation
synchrotron radiation
40. Largest moon in solar system - two differenet types of terrain - darker terrain is older - NOT ACTIVE SURFACE
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
Ganymede (Jupiter)
Dark Matter
Instability strip
41. Material that shoots rapidly out into space. Flares cause Auroras
Most dense
homogeneous
Flare
Atomic Number
42. In a FLAT UNIVERSE(our universe) - the curvature of space-time is ________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
MOONS: most geologically active
roche limit
CMB
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
43. A phenomenon seen when the Earth passes through the orbit of a burned out comet
meteor shower
reflection star clusters
Granules
H2 Regions
44. Population 1- similar to the sun and 2% of elements are metal - Population 2- formed before gas was metal- only a fraction of mass is metal.
Dark Nebula
supermassive black hole
Celestial Equator
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
45. The most mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing to a neutron star
Oort cloud
Chandrasekhar Limit
Kuiper belt
Resolving Power
46. The mass of an object divided by its volume
inferior planets
Penumbra
Wein's Law
density
47. The shadow behind the Earth or Moon where the Sun is partially obscured.
Seeing
Penumbra
anorthosite
Lagrangian Razor
48. A collection of comets in the plane of the solar system - located beyond the orbit of Pluto
scarp
asteroid
Red Giant
Kuiper belt
49. Latin for 'cloud'. A word used to describe the collections of gas and dust in the Milky Way and other galaxies
Disk
Sa spiral galaxy
Nebula
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
50. IO
MOONS: most geologically active
Dark Matter
Eyepiece Lens
density waves