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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What do we think the actual fate of the universe will be and why do we think this?
Self-Propogating Star Formation
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
cosmological red shift
most moons
2. Approximate speed of light in a vacuum
300000 KM/sec
Grand design spirals
Primary Mirror
Disk
3. The nuclei of very distant galaxies. Likely a manifestation of supermassive black holes
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
greatest elongation
accretion
Quasar
4. Disk dust grains are made of all the elements that are not in gaseous form in space which blocks starlight and causes interstellar extinction
interstellar dust
Refractor
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Quasar
5. When a planet lines up with the sun inthe sky
conjunction
Dark matter candidates
Sunspots
Pixel
6. First accurately measured the speed of light in a vacuum
force
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Ole Roemer
terrestrial planet
7. The surface of the sun
Photosphere
Poor Cluster
Turn off Point
Occam's razor
8. How is the Hubble Law consistent with an expanding universe?
Density Wave
Sc spiral galaxy
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Globular Cluster
9. Clouds of low density gas often found glowing faintly on either side of an AGN.
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Open Cluster
Gravitational Lens
radio lobe
10. Either Io -Europa - Ganymede - or Callisto
Galilean satellite
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
The Local Group
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
11. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
Chromosphere
widmanstatten pattern
Density Wave
density waves
12. The source of the force that is accelerating the expansion rate of the universe.
Convection
dark energy
Flare
Vernal Equinox
13. A high-pressure bulge in Neptune's southern hemisphere
Jupiters red spot
critical density
standard candle
great dark spots
14. Earth
Olber's paradox
Zenith
Maria
Most dense
15. The apparent magnitude a star would have if it were at a distance of 10 parsecs.
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Grand design spirals
Absolute Magnitude
Absorption Spectrum
16. The lens that gathers the light in a refractor
slowest rotation
Horizontal Branch Star
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Objective Lens
17. Massive compact halo objects (MACHO) - weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPY's)
Atomic Number
Europa (Jupiters moon)
opposition
Dark matter candidates
18. Population 1- similar to the sun and 2% of elements are metal - Population 2- formed before gas was metal- only a fraction of mass is metal.
Disk
chondrite
Poor Cluster
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
19. 10 cm -> 1 mm
Dark Nebula
Superior planets
Electromagnetic Radiation: Microwave
If it is in a denser medium - such as glass - it will move slower
20. Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars
Terrestrial Planets
Chandrasekhar Limit
most moons
Hipparchus
21. Why does the earth have few craters while the moon has many?
accretion disk
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
Dwarf planets
Triple Alpha rocess
22. 10 nm 10^2 nm
Blackbody
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
Grand design spirals
Wein's Law
23. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
aurora
cosmological principle
Ganymede (Jupiter)
Objective Lens
24. In an OPEN UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is ____ - Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is____.
nova
Disk
era of recombination
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
25. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun (=1.5 x10^8km)
Dark Nebula
Astronomical Unit
Focal Length
Electron
26. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere.
Extrasolar Planet
Ground State
Brown dwarf
Celestial Equator
27. Small bulges - loosely wound - massive arms - arms have many H2 regions and look very lumpy
Sc spiral galaxy
Dwarf planets
Umbra
Colestial Pole
28. The movement of the Earth's crustal plates riding on top of the mantle.
planetesimal
Apparent Magnitude
plate tectonics
Gamma-ray Burst
29. What Ole Roemer used to measure the speed of light in a vacuum
great red spot
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
Light-Year
CMB
30. A collection of galaxies like the one the Milky Way belongs to
SETI
Kirchhoff's Law
Open Cluster
Poor Cluster
31. Consists of old red stars in slow orbits that plunge through disk and bulge. about 1% are old - round globular clusters.
Photometry
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
Halo
Eyepiece Lens
32. Galaxies whose nuclei emit jets of materil at high speeds. material comes from supermassive black holes
Eyepiece Lens
Electromagnetic Radiation: Microwave
radio galaxy
anorthosite
33. The high- temperatature outer layer of the sun
Electron
Hubble constant
Corona
era of recombination
34. Large bulge - tightly wound spiral arms - relatively few h2 regions and are smooth
Sa spiral galaxy
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Halo
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
35. Titan
Pixel
Absorption Spectrum
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
36. The law that syas light energy from a blackbody increases as (temperature^4)
self-propagating star formation
Stephen-Boltzman Law
anorthosite
general star population
37. A star that has become a red giant for the second and final time. It is burning helium to carbon in a shell surrounding the core
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
Terrestrial Planets
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
tectonics of Earth
38. What is the universe expanding into?
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
regolith
Rich Cluster
era of recombination
39. A star fusing hydrogen to helium in it's core
Secondary Mirror
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Main Sequence Stars
Planetary Nebula
40. VENUS
CCD
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
weight
41. The process responsible for creating the arms of flocculent spiral galaxies
Self-Propogating Star Formation
MOONS: most geologically active
Pixel
great red spot
42. A high-pressure bulge in Neptune's southern hemisphere
cosmological red shift
Black Hole
great dark spots
Bulge
43. The trapping of heat by carbon dioxide or other gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
CMB
greehouse effects
direct motion
Olber's paradox
44. Any class of objects with a uniform luminosity used to determine distance.
Absorption Spectrum
Rich vs poor clusters
deferent
standard candle
45. The universe is isotropic - homogeneous - and without beginning or end in time and space. If the universe is truly homogeneous then every line of sight will eventually end on a galaxy. If it has existed forever then there has been enough time for lig
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46. The point where a superior planet is as far away from the sun as it can be (as seen from the Earth)
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
Pulsar
Limb darkening
opposition
47. A spinning neutron star
interstellar dust
Trojan asteroids
Pulsar
Reflector
48. The study of the universe as a whole.
MOONS: largest size
Bok Globule
MOONS: largest size
cosmology
49. Light-flaky crust - convective currents cause it to wrinkle and bunch (1/5 of surface). uniform cratering suggests lack of weathering and tectonics. volcanoes are flat due to atmospheric pressure.
CNO Cycle
jovian
Steady State Theory (Leads to Olber's Paradox)
tectonics of Venus
50. The Greek philosopher responsible for making the stellar magnitude scale.
comet
Hipparchus
radiation pressure
slowest rotation