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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
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Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Theory virtually demands that the geometry of the universe be ______. Results of measuring lumps in the cosmic background radiation indicate that the universe geometry is ________.
Flat - Flat
Horizontal Branch Star
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Europa (Jupiters moon)
2. Population 1- similar to the sun and 2% of elements are metal - Population 2- formed before gas was metal- only a fraction of mass is metal.
Blackbody Curve
Main Sequence Stars
Ammonia - methane - and water
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
3. Largest moon in solar system - two differenet types of terrain - darker terrain is older - NOT ACTIVE SURFACE
mare basalt
Sunspots
Differential Rotation
Ganymede (Jupiter)
4. The assumption that the universe is isotropic (same in all directions) and homogeneous (Same everywhere throughout)
cosmological principle
Limb darkening
SETI
interstellar dust
5. A collection of comets in the plane of the solar system - located beyond the orbit of Pluto
Kuiper belt
H2 Regions
gravity
nova
6. The dark - relativley smooth areas on the moon; Latin for sea
retrograde motion
Maria
cosmological red shift
Synodic Day
7. The dimming of starlight by intervening dust
epicycle
Interstellar Extinction
Energy Level
H-are Diagram
8. The location of a supermassive black hole
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
Light Pollution
belt
Nucleus
9. The surface of the sun
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
Photosphere
condensation temperature
Colestial Pole
10. Sc galaxies
Flocculent spirals
Cosmic Microwave Background
Thermonuclear Fusion
cosmological principle
11. Heavier elements such as iron - silicon - magnesium - sulfer - nickel
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Sc spiral galaxy
Secondary Mirror
Photon
12. Dying large-mass stars lose their outer layers in a violent explosion creating large - chaotic remnants. these brighten like nova but are so much brighter and only occur ONCE PER STAR
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
supernova
Autumnal Equinox
Radio Galaxy
13. The rotation of a star or planet at different speeds at its equator and poles
OB Associations
differential rotation
anorthosite
Dwarf planets
14. The apparent backward motion of a planet against the background of stars.
H-are Diagram
We don't know. It might be but does not have to be.
300000 KM/sec
retrograde motion
15. Neptune or uranus
Coldest surface
bulge
Active Optics
Coronal Loop
16. The amount of density needed to stop the universe from expanding and to begin the big crunch represented by Pc
zone
Energy Level
critical density
Brown dwarf
17. The science of measuring the apparent magnitudes of stars by imaging them through different filters.
Photometry
quasar
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
18. The linear correlation between the rate of the expansion of the universe and distance. Says that as galaxies get farther away in space - the speed with which they recede from us increases. So we can measure the amount of recessional velocity and use
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
Photon
Hubble law
19. A star that erratically and explosively brightens and dims
Radio Galaxy
Astronomical Unit
Differential Rotation
Nova
20. A continuous spectrum of light missing energy at a few wave lengths.
Continuous Spectrum
Seeing
Absorption Spectrum
Maria
21. A term referring to Earth-like planets
Terrestrial Planets
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
quasar
terrestrial planet
22. A word meaning 'the same everywhere throughout.'
homogeneous
HII Region
Main Sequence Stars
Autumnal Equinox
23. The era when the ratio of matter to energy greatly favored matter. (verses radiation dominated universe where it was opaque. Matter is now dominated by gravity not photons)
matter dominated universe
Planck time
Photosphere
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
24. The distance a moon can be from a planet before shattering from tidal forces
Halo
solar nebula
roche limit
radiant
25. The sinking of denser elements to the center of a young molten planet
density waves
supernova
Pulsar
chemical differentiation
26. A massive variable star used to find distances to the galaxies or clusters that contain them.
deferent
Hubble law
Cepheid Variable
radiation dominated universe
27. Ganymede and Titan
Olber's paradox
MOONS: larger than mercury
Cosmological Principle
Oort Cloud
28. The science of measuring light energy by wavelength.
Bulge
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Radio Galaxy
Spectroscopy
29. When the Sun is farthest south of the celestial equator (About December 22)
Halo
planetary nebula
Prominence
Winter Solstice
30. First accurately measured the speed of light in a vacuum
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
Total Eclipse
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Ole Roemer
31. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun (=1.5 x10^8km)
Ganymede (Jupiter)
coma
Astronomical Unit
greatest elongation
32. A logarithmically scaled value for the measured brightness of a star.
Apparent Magnitude
regolith
Absorption Spectrum
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
33. The process that powers the sun and hydrogen bombs
Astronomical Unit
matter dominated universe
Europa (Jupiters moon)
Thermonuclear Fusion
34. Finding a star's absolute magnitude from it's placement on an HR diagram. After finding the absolute magnitude - we measure the apparent magnitude - for a distance modulus and use this to find the distance. This method is good for finding distances t
Nucleus
Spectroscopic parallax
CNO Cycle
Coldest surface
35. The line on an H-are diagram going from upper left to lower right where normal stars of different masses reside.
standard candle
Hipparchus
Horizontal Branch Star
Main Sequence
36. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the small circle on which a planet moved.
Chromosphere
direct motion
epicycle
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
37. An empirical scheme for predictin ghe orbital distances of planets
chondrite
Metals
self-propagating star formation
Titus-Bode Law
38. Venus (retrograde)
OB Associations
Astronomical Unit
slowest rotation
White Dwarf
39. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
conjunction
Light Gathering Power
aurora
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
40. The mix of pure photon energy that emerged at the start of the universe.
Gamma-ray Burst
cosmic fireball
Sunspot cycle
Titus-Bode Law
41. Jupiter
Jupiters red spot
Flocculent spirals
Reflector
most moons
42. Formed from slow rotating clouds - collapsed quicker - initial star formation rate is high but died out - older - little rotation - look redder
Coronal Loop
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Trojan asteroids
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
43. A small chunk of rock in space
meteoriod
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
Photosphere
radio galaxy
44. A spherical shell of comets that orbit the sun at a great distance (roughly two light years from the sun)
semimajor axis
cosmology
Oort cloud
Gamma ray bursts
45. The cosmological principle is the assumption that the universe is isotropic and homogeneous.The Big Bang assumes it to be a correct principle so that what we observe is exactly like What is too far away to be observed.
Magnification
Cosmological Principle
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Electromagnetic Radiation: Microwave
46. Distribution of dust (tells us disk is thin) - find distances to O&B stars and H2 regions (arms are sights of star formation and OB stars live and die at location of birth) -Milky way has four arms. Sun is in spur apart from arms.
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
meteorite
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
aurora
47. Elliptical orbits that come inside orbit of the Earth.
Apollo asteroids
White Dwarf
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Apparent Magnitude
48. Comglomerates of ice and rock that orbit the sun in highly elliptical paths
comet
Proton-proton chain
jovian
Photon
49. The Big Bang was not an explosion of matter into empty space - like the explosion of a bomb. Instead - it was an emergence of space and time filled with pure energy where before none of this was present. The point from which is emerged is called the
Parallax
neutrino
The Big Bang Theory
Milky way Galaxy
50. Possible Fates of the Universe
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Nova
highlands
Gamma ray bursts
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