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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
greehouse effects
aurora
supernova
2. 1-orbit aroudn the sun 2- are in hydrostatic equilibrium and 'mostly round' 3- have not cleared debris around its orbit 4- are not satellites
Pulsar
Dwarf planets
belt
Enke gap
3. The elementary building blocks from which protons and neutrons are formed.
quarks
HII Region
coma
Interstellar Extinction
4. Distance from sun to nucleus- 8 kiloparsecs (26000 LY) - diameter of Milky way- 150000 LY - length for sun to orbit once around milky way- 250 million years
Rich Cluster
Precession
Limb darkening
Milky way Galaxy
5. VENUS
hottest surface
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Light-Year
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
6. Light-colored high-pressure bands in Jupiter's atmosphere
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
zone
Absorption Spectrum
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
7. The era when the ratio of matter to energy greatly favored matter. (verses radiation dominated universe where it was opaque. Matter is now dominated by gravity not photons)
matter dominated universe
nova
Absolute Magnitude
Make up of the terrestrial planets
8. A planet that is closer to the sun than the earth
inferior planets
Interstellar Extinction
Turn off Point
deferent
9. N=are*Fp(Ne)(Fl)(Fi)(Fc)(L) N: number of civilizations possible to communicate with are*: rate solar-like stars are created Fp: fraction of stars with planets Ne: number of planets like ours Fl: fraction of planets with life Fi: intelligent life Fc:
homogeneous
cosmology
Drake equation
neutrino
10. The Big Bang was not an explosion of matter into empty space - like the explosion of a bomb. Instead - it was an emergence of space and time filled with pure energy where before none of this was present. The point from which is emerged is called the
Chandrasekhar Limit
The Big Bang Theory
synchrotron radiation
resonance
11. The high- temperatature outer layer of the sun
CNO Cycle
radio galaxy
Corona
evidence of water on mars
12. Galaxies whose nuclei emit jets of materil at high speeds. material comes from supermassive black holes
Prominence
Parallax
radio galaxy
Io (jupiters moon)
13. Originially thought to be stars emitting radio radiation but are now concluded to be nuclei of distant galaxies (same as radio galaxies aka emit streams of material)
planetary nebula
quasar
Density Wave
radio lobe
14. A small spherical dark nebula
great red spot
meteor
Bok Globule
Energy Level
15. Cold aggregates of gas - large and contain a huge amount of matter - so cold that molecules stick together to form molecules.
direct motion
molecular clouds
Red Giant
Precession
16. A location on an H-are Diagram where evolving stars pulsate
Make up of the terrestrial planets
H-are Diagram
Big Crunch
Instability strip
17. What causes the zones and belts on jupiter and saturn?
Doppler Shift
How is winding dilemma solved?
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
regolith
18. The material from which the solar system formed
Cosmological Principle
Cassini division
solar nebula
Magnification
19. The first rock-sized bodies that formed in the solar nebula from dust grains
chondrite
Filament
Dwarf planets
300000 KM/sec
20. Atmosphere blocks high energy wavelengths - atmosphere blurs optical radiation - atmosphere absorbs some radiation at all wavelengths even when it gets through.
Sidereal Day
regolith
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
21. A plot of star absolute magnitude verses spectral type.
Jovian Planets
Liquid metallic hydrogen
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
H-are Diagram
22. We can infer the absolute magnitude of pulsating variable stars by measuring their pulsation periods. The longer the pulsations - the greater their luminosities. We then again measure their apparent magnitudes - compare it with their absolute magnitu
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
Cepheid variables
density waves
Spectroscopic Parallax
23. Venus (retrograde)
Pulsar
slowest rotation
interstellar dust
self-propagating star formation
24. Saying that the sky should not get dark at night because all lines of sight end on a star meaning that the night sky should be ablaze BUT the big bang - because the universe had a beginning - says that the sky gets dark because out in space - galaxie
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183
25. The gap inthe outer portion of Saturn's A ring
Enke gap
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
semimajor axis
quasar
26. After stars form they pump light energy into surrounding gas causing it to heat up and glow (H2=ionized hydrogen - H1= neutral hydrogen in molcular couds)
Lagrangian Razor
H2 Regions
Oort cloud
Penumbra
27. Then the Sun moves from north to south across the celestial equator (about September 23)
Summer Solstice
Kirkwood gaps
Autumnal Equinox
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
28. In what chemical form are jupiters nitrogen - carbon and oxygen?
Ammonia - methane - and water
anorthosite
weight
H2 Regions
29. Distribution of dust (tells us disk is thin) - find distances to O&B stars and H2 regions (arms are sights of star formation and OB stars live and die at location of birth) -Milky way has four arms. Sun is in spur apart from arms.
meteor
Open Cluster
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
30. A large and bright but cool star.
aphelion
Neutron Star
Red Giant
Precession
31. Neptune or uranus
Disk
Coldest surface
Galilean satellite
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
32. Population 1 with higher metals and contain many young stars in star clusters. Distribution of stars is everywhere in disk (arms only have 5% more stars)
CMB
Light Pollution
general star population
Spectroscopic parallax
33. A faint - remarkably uniform distribution of radiation in space
Rich vs poor clusters
Granules
Cosmic Microwave Background
Most dense
34. Half of the longest diameter across an ellipse
High Velocity Stars
semimajor axis
Enke gap
mare basalt
35. Then the Sun moves from north to south across the celestial equator (about September 23)
Pixel
Autumnal Equinox
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
Galilean satellite
36. Approximate speed of light in a vacuum
synchrotron radiation
Steady State Theory (Leads to Olber's Paradox)
regolith
300000 KM/sec
37. A fusion process in which protons build together to form helium
Proton-proton chain
Planck time
Superior planets
belt
38. A younger cluster of stars - found in the galaxy disk
radiation pressure
MOONS: most geologically active
Open Cluster
rotation curve = dark matter?
39. The rock that makes up the lunar maria
mare basalt
superclusters
Spectral Lines
quarks
40. Venus
Callisto (Jupiter)
hottest surface
quasar
Primary Mirror
41. A measure of the seasonal shifting of a star's position against farther stars or galaxies. The closer the star - the greater is the angular distance it shifts. We use it to find distances to stars that are up to 1000 pc away.
Rich Cluster
Parallax
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
Light Pollution
42. Light scattered through the atmosphere that degrades astronomical images
dark energy
Globular Cluster
Annular Eclipse
Light Pollution
43. Flattened spherical distribution of old stars with some young stars too. 'hub' of Milky way - stars orbit with solid body speeds. Elongated into bar shape
Chandrasekhar Limit
Brown dwarf
We don't know. It might be but does not have to be.
bulge
44. Mercury
smallest diameter
zone
Parsec
most moons
45. The science of measuring the apparent magnitudes of stars by imaging them through different filters.
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
Photometry
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
MOONS: largest size
46. When one side of a body always faces the planet it revolves around
general star population
synchronous rotation
Emission Spectrum
Gamma-ray Burst
47. A very dense - highly populated cluster of galaxies
Io (jupiters moon)
Red Giant Branch Star
Ganymede (Jupiter)
Rich Cluster
48. The instant of time after the Big Bang when space and time obtained their characteristics. (t=10^-43 sec when gravity freezes out-instant when gravity started existing as a separate force)
Planck time
Gamma ray bursts
Kuiper belt
Total Eclipse
49. The shadow behind the Earth or Moon where the Sun is partially obscured.
Penumbra
Photosphere
aurora
High Velocity Stars
50. A nearby galaxy with a quasar-like nucleus. closer but less bright than quasars-weaker
bulge
Seyfert galaxy
Photon
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1