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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How did Earth come to have an oxygen rich atmosphere?
great dark spots
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
2. Norhern lowlands- darker in color and have far fewer craters as if an ancient sea or ice field covered them. southern highlands- much higher in density of craters.
greatest elongation
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
Disk
Secondary Mirror
3. A point in the sky where meteors appear to come from during a shower
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
radiant
evidence of water on mars
Thermonuclear Fusion
4. Mercury
Colestial Pole
most eccentric orbit
fusion crust
Nebula
5. A small spherical dark nebula
reflection star clusters
Callisto (Jupiter)
Bok Globule
Pulsar
6. Electromagnetic Radiation
Most dense
A family of radiant energy- includes light
Absolute Magnitude
scarp
7. The oldest grouping of stars - found in the galaxy halo
Make up of the jovian planets
synchronous rotation
Globular Cluster
Halo
8. When the Sun moves from south to north across the celestial equator (about March 21)
E=mc2
synchronous rotation
Vernal Equinox
Degeneracy
9. Very center of galaxy. suggestion of a black hole
nucleus
least dense
retrograde motion
smallest diameter
10. A prominence seen against the disk of the sun
Filament
least dense
Spectroscopy
Secondary Mirror
11. Mercury
smallest diameter
Light-Year
Kuiper belt
Ammonia - methane - and water
12. The rotation of a star or planet at different speeds at its equator and poles
Emission Spectrum
differential rotation
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
quasar
13. The seasonal shifting of a nearby star's position relative to more distant objects.
inferior planets
Photon
Parallax
cosmic singularity
14. The particle horizon is the farthest we can see. It exists because the universe had a beginning and thus a definite age. Light from distances farther away from the particle horizon have not had time to reach us yet.
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Particle Horizon
Cassegrain Focus
terrestrial planet
15. Dying large-mass stars lose their outer layers in a violent explosion creating large - chaotic remnants. these brighten like nova but are so much brighter and only occur ONCE PER STAR
Apollo asteroids
Neutron Star
supernova
slowest rotation
16. Form honeycomb like patterns surrounding empty or nearly empty voids.
plate tectonics
High Velocity Stars
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
superclusters
17. The number of protons in an atom.
Flare
aphelion
greehouse effects
Atomic Number
18. An important quality of telescopes that increases as the square of the primary mirror or objective lens
Nucleus
radiation dominated universe
Meridian
Light Gathering Power
19. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
Radio Galaxy
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
MOONS: most geologically active
aurora
20. An entity that is likely in the nucleus of most - if not all - galaxies.
supermassive black hole
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
Roundest orbit
Chromosphere
21. Consists of old red stars in slow orbits that plunge through disk and bulge. about 1% are old - round globular clusters.
synchrotron radiation
Halo
Hipparchus
thinnest atmosphere
22. Finding a star's absolute magnitude from it's placement on an HR diagram. After finding the absolute magnitude - we measure the apparent magnitude - for a distance modulus and use this to find the distance. This method is good for finding distances t
resonance
Spectroscopic parallax
MOONS: largest size
density parameter
23. N=are*Fp(Ne)(Fl)(Fi)(Fc)(L) N: number of civilizations possible to communicate with are*: rate solar-like stars are created Fp: fraction of stars with planets Ne: number of planets like ours Fl: fraction of planets with life Fi: intelligent life Fc:
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
great dark spots
Drake equation
zone
24. Poitns of gravitational stability in the orbit of a planet
greehouse effects
Lagrangian Razor
smallest diameter
Black Hole
25. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere.
Celestial Equator
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
CNO Cycle
opposition
26. The oldest part of the Milky Way
Halo
Apollo asteroids
disk
Spectroscopic Parallax
27. The rotation period of the Earth measured relative to the stars.
smallest diameter
asteroid
fewest moons
Sidereal Day
28. An evolved star - past the helium flash that is burning helium to carbon in it's cores
Molecular Clouds
deferent
Horizontal Branch Star
AGN
29. A large - irregularly shaped rocky object orbiting the sun mostly between mars and jupiter. Left-over planetesimals
asteroid
Hubble law
cosmological principle
radiation pressure
30. The 'edge' of the universe. Light beyond this has not reached us yet.
Red Giant Branch Star
Rich Cluster
Cassini division
partile horizon
31. When massive objects bend space and time enough to create multiple images of an object located behind them
Gravitational Lens
Cepheid variables
Inverse Square Law
300000 KM/sec
32. When the Moon entirely blocks the Sun.
Focal Length
cosmological principle
Total Eclipse
Oort Cloud
33. The point in its orbit where a planet is nearest the sun
Penumbra
Perihelion
Electron
MOONS: most geologically active
34. The displacement of spectral lines to redder colors caused by the expansion of the universe.
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
least dense
Europa (Jupiters moon)
cosmological red shift
35. The normal eastward movement of a planet against the background of hte distant stars.
Maria
direct motion
Ganymede (Jupiter)
HII Region
36. A point in the sky where meteors appear to come from during a shower
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
radiant
Disk
Parallax
37. If stars have diff orbital periods - than any arms formed by stars will wind into a tight spiral pattern (billion yrs or so)
Roundest orbit
Spectral Lines
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
plate tectonics
38. When particles are compressed to an unnatural state where their pressure is not related to their temperature
Degeneracy
great dark spots
Nucleus
Kirkwood gaps
39. An efficient - two-dimensional electronic light detector. Common in digital cameras - they revolutionized astronomical imaging
CMB
Atomic Number
CCD
Zenith
40. A push or a pull
Jupiters red spot
Electromagnetic Radiation: Microwave
synchrotron radiation
force
41. As open clusters age - they push gas away but dust remains this can reflect light giving the cluster a blue-ish color. also called reflection nebula
Eyepiece Lens
reflection star clusters
Seeing
Objective Lens
42. Sudden blasts of gamma radiation from a very distant galaxy caused possibly by a supernova explosion.
Gamma ray bursts
chemical differentiation
Planetary Nebula
Parsec
43. Then the Sun moves from north to south across the celestial equator (about September 23)
density parameter
Autumnal Equinox
regolith
acceleration
44. Flat disk with gas - dust - H2 regions - molecular clouds - dust young stars and remnants of old planetary nebula and supernova remnants. stars spin together with similar velocities called differential rotation
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
disk
Electromagnetic Radiation
Hyashi track
45. An efficient - two-dimensional electronic light detector. Common in digital cameras - they revolutionized astronomical imaging
Plank's Law
CCD
mass
retrograde motion
46. A term referring to the orbital character of stars near the Sun
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
cosmological red shift
Differential Rotation
Spectral Lines
47. After stars form they pump light energy into surrounding gas causing it to heat up and glow (H2=ionized hydrogen - H1= neutral hydrogen in molcular couds)
Umbra
H2 Regions
Nebula
Eyepiece Lens
48. The rotation of a star or planet at different speeds at its equator and poles
Kirkwood gaps
differential rotation
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
accretion
49. The science of measuring light energy by wavelength.
Spectroscopy
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
radio galaxy
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
50. All possible types of energy that can be emitted and absorbed by atoms.
dark energy
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
Electromagnetic Radiation
neutrino