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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The particle horizon is the farthest we can see. It exists because the universe had a beginning and thus a definite age. Light from distances farther away from the particle horizon have not had time to reach us yet.
Apparent Magnitude
Perihelion
Particle Horizon
greatest elongation
2. A two-filter measure of the color - and hence temperature - of a star.
Radio Galaxy
H-are Diagram
Color Index
The Big Bang Theory
3. The location in an H-are diagram of a star cluster - where stars have just left the main sequence. Used to estimate the cluster age.
radiation pressure
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Turn off Point
4. Centered on the sun.
Heliocentric
evidence of water on mars
Synodic Day
Cepheid Variable
5. The movement of the Earth's crustal plates riding on top of the mantle.
accretion disk
plate tectonics
gravity
regolith
6. An evolved star - past the helium flash that is burning helium to carbon in it's cores
Horizontal Branch Star
meteor shower
Cepheid variables
anorthosite
7. Flattened spherical distribution of old stars with some young stars too. 'hub' of Milky way - stars orbit with solid body speeds. Elongated into bar shape
anorthosite
bulge
density parameter
Seeing
8. A spherical shell of comets that orbit the sun at a great distance (roughly two light years from the sun)
Oort cloud
Ionization
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
Make up of the terrestrial planets
9. The shadow behind the Earth or Moon where the Sun is partially obscured.
Penumbra
Annular Eclipse
aphelion
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
10. Old - pock marked - icy surface - interior is not differentiated - geologically dead - NOT ACTIVE SURFACE
Callisto (Jupiter)
chemical differentiation
Thickest atmosphere
Rich vs poor clusters
11. Collections of young - hot stars
Most dense
quasar
direct motion
OB Associations
12. The part of the Milky way that has on-going star formation
meteoriod
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
Disk
Io (jupiters moon)
13. A subatomic particle with a negative charge. It creates light.
Dwarf planets
chemical differentiation
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
Electron
14. The cosmological principle is the assumption that the universe is isotropic and homogeneous.The Big Bang assumes it to be a correct principle so that what we observe is exactly like What is too far away to be observed.
Spectral Lines
Corona
Cosmological Principle
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
15. In a FLAT UNIVERSE(our universe) - the curvature of space-time is ________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
dark matter
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
White Dwarf
16. The final end state of an intermediate to high mass star. An entity in which all the electrons have been pushed into the protons.
Neutron Star
quarks
Rich vs poor clusters
bulge
17. The Greek philosopher responsible for making the stellar magnitude scale.
highlands
Celestial Sphere
Hipparchus
accretion disk
18. The mass of an object divided by its volume
Penumbra
density
radiation pressure
Geocentric
19. Elliptical orbits that come inside orbit of the Earth.
Penumbra
Maria
Ammonia - methane - and water
Apollo asteroids
20. Earth
general star population
Synodic Day
Most dense
great red spot
21. Either Io -Europa - Ganymede - or Callisto
HII Region
Poor Cluster
Apparent Magnitude
Galilean satellite
22. Light scattered through the atmosphere that degrades astronomical images
Trojan asteroids
accretion
CMB
Light Pollution
23. A particle of light
Total Eclipse
Red Giant Branch Star
self-propagating star formation
Photon
24. A telescope that uses mirrors to focus light
Reflector
planetary nebula
zone
Grand design spirals
25. We can infer the absolute magnitude of pulsating variable stars by measuring their pulsation periods. The longer the pulsations - the greater their luminosities. We then again measure their apparent magnitudes - compare it with their absolute magnitu
Cepheid Variable
Cepheid variables
Sunspots
Nucleus
26. When a planet lines up with the sun inthe sky
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Kirchhoff's Law
conjunction
most eccentric orbit
27. The rotation of a star or planet at different speeds at its equator and poles
Drake equation
self-propagating star formation
differential rotation
Color Index
28. Cold aggregates of gas - large and contain a huge amount of matter - so cold that molecules stick together to form molecules.
molecular clouds
Parallax
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
density parameter
29. Why do Galaxies move very rapidly in the interiors of the dense clusters?
Apollo asteroids
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
era of recombination
Granules
30. Mercury
Thermonuclear Fusion
CNO Cycle
most eccentric orbit
tectonics of Mars
31. A spread of light with an uninterrupted wavelength distribution of energy.
fewest moons
interstellar dust
Halo
Continuous Spectrum
32. The fate of the universe if it is closed. The universe expanding as much as possible and then retracting
Drake equation
Differential Rotation
Focal Plane
Big Crunch
33. The trapping of heat by carbon dioxide or other gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
Jovian Planets
mass
Largest diameter
greehouse effects
34. Jupiter
fastest rotation
Electromagnetic Radiation
Prominence
open star clusters
35. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the large circle on which a planet's epicycle moved around the Earth.
planetary nebula
deferent
Penumbra
bulge
36. An empirical scheme for predictin ghe orbital distances of planets
Most dense
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Titus-Bode Law
radio galaxy
37. Is there water on the moon?
nucleus
Cosmological Principle
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
accretion
38. A change in the wavelength of light caused by a motion between the observer and light (or wave) source (blue shift if getting closer - red shift if moving away)
Thickest atmosphere
Cosmological Principle
highlands
Doppler Shift
39. The point directly overhead.
Zenith
Spectral Lines
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
nova
40. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
Titus-Bode Law
Electron
H-are Diagram
Chromosphere
41. A star that has become a red giant for the second and final time. It is burning helium to carbon in a shell surrounding the core
Doppler Shift
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Kuiper belt
42. A nearby galaxy with a quasar-like nucleus. closer but less bright than quasars-weaker
weight
Filament
Seyfert galaxy
Magnification
43. The seasonal shifting of a nearby star's position relative to more distant objects.
Parallax
Heliocentric
Enke gap
Sunspots
44. A change in the wavelength of light caused by a motion between the observer and light (or wave) source (blue shift if getting closer - red shift if moving away)
radio galaxy
Doppler Shift
Zenith
Prominence
45. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun (=1.5 x10^8km)
Astronomical Unit
Flocculent spirals
Synodic Day
comet
46. A younger cluster of stars - found in the galaxy disk
nova
Open Cluster
cosmic singularity
Cosmological Principle
47. If stars have diff orbital periods - than any arms formed by stars will wind into a tight spiral pattern (billion yrs or so)
terrestrial planet
Sb spiral galaxy
smallest diameter
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
48. The seasonal shifting of a nearby star's position relative to more distant objects.
partile horizon
dark energy
accretion disk
Parallax
49. The time when the universe cooled sufficiently for atoms to exist. radiation dominated= first 300000 years - THEN era of recombination turns into matter dominated for next.
Oort cloud
Total Eclipse
era of recombination
Trojan asteroids
50. IO
Seeing
planetary nebula
MOONS: most geologically active
Enke gap