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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. IO
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Ionization
MOONS: most geologically active
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
2. The first rock-sized bodies that formed in the solar nebula from dust grains
chondrite
inferior planets
Electromagnetic Radiation
Heliocentric
3. Young clusters in disk are irregularly shaped since they have no time to relax into the rounder relaxed shape of globular clusters-will constantly be torn apart and assimilated.
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
Kuiper belt
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
open star clusters
4. A continuous spectrum of light missing energy at a few wave lengths.
Absolute Magnitude
Absorption Spectrum
nucleus
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
5. Elliptical orbits that come inside orbit of the Earth.
accretion disk
Gravitational Lens
Corona
Apollo asteroids
6. Clouds of low density gas often found glowing faintly on either side of an AGN.
jovian
fastest rotation
resonance
radio lobe
7. Long - meandering cliff formed when a planet surface cools and shrinks
Emission Spectrum
scarp
Ganymede (Jupiter)
zone
8. The state of having a balance between inflowing and outflowing heat-- the temp at every radial point is different but constant
Thermal Equilibrium
Maria
Gamma ray bursts
The Big Bang Theory
9. Collections of young - hot stars
Nova
OB Associations
Sunspots
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
10. An element of a highly efficient - two-dimensional electronic light detector
acceleration
synchronous rotation
Pixel
Corona
11. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the large circle on which a planet's epicycle moved around the Earth.
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
deferent
Absorption Spectrum
Main Sequence Stars
12. The family of radiant energy that includes light as a subset
Electromagnetic Radiation
era of recombination
Perihelion
Hyashi track
13. A measure of how an object resists accelerating when acted upon by a force. It is proportional the amount of matter in an object
Main Sequence Stars
Light-Year
Heliocentric
mass
14. Centered on the sun.
Heliocentric
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
Make up of the jovian planets
density waves
15. An energetic event taking place in the early universe
fusion crust
Hyashi track
Flare
Gamma-ray Burst
16. 10^2 nm 10^7 nm
disk
Coronal Loop
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
Gamma-ray Burst
17. Matter so dense that even light cannot escape its gravity
open star clusters
Supercluster
Flare
Black Hole
18. Material that shoots rapidly out into space. Flares cause Auroras
Flare
gravity
meteor shower
Thickest atmosphere
19. 100 nm 10 nm
Steady State Theory (Leads to Olber's Paradox)
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
Plank's Law
20. A spread of light with an uninterrupted wavelength distribution of energy.
Continuous Spectrum
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Globular Cluster
Dark matter candidates
21. The larger bodies that formed early in teh solar nebula that were chemically differentiated
resonance
gravity
Triple Alpha rocess
planetesimal
22. When the Moon entirely blocks the Sun.
Spectral Lines
Drake equation
Total Eclipse
zone
23. A point in the sky where meteors appear to come from during a shower
Metals
nucleus
radiant
coma
24. A very distant - star-like object with huge - broad emission lines. Probably the nucleus of a distant active galaxy.
quasar
Absorption Spectrum
jovian
Inverse Square Law
25. The law that syas light energy from a blackbody increases as (temperature^4)
Secondary Mirror
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Ole Roemer
radio galaxy
26. A fusion process in which a carbon atom transmutes to oxygen and back - creating a helium atom in the process
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
retrograde motion
greehouse effects
CNO Cycle
27. A word used in astronomy to describe all elements besides hydrogen and helium
Enke gap
Metals
Emission Spectrum
CCD
28. Large bulge - tightly wound spiral arms - relatively few h2 regions and are smooth
Sa spiral galaxy
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
Gravitational Lens
29. A small and dim but hot star.
Seeing
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
White Dwarf
Reflector
30. A star that is in the process of forming. It glows from gravitational contraction
quasar
rotation curve = dark matter?
supernova
protostar
31. Distance from sun to nucleus- 8 kiloparsecs (26000 LY) - diameter of Milky way- 150000 LY - length for sun to orbit once around milky way- 250 million years
Cepheid variables
cosmological principle
Grand design spirals
Milky way Galaxy
32. The process of acquiring material
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
accretion
Gravitational Lens
hottest surface
33. A spherical shell of comets that orbit the sun at a great distance (roughly two light years from the sun)
Trojan asteroids
Oort cloud
Largest diameter
planetesimal
34. Mercury and venus
fewest moons
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
critical density
Instability strip
35. A collection of comets in the plane of the solar system - located beyond the orbit of Pluto
Electron
Kuiper belt
Plank's Law
Objective Lens
36. Why do Galaxies move very rapidly in the interiors of the dense clusters?
Dark Matter
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
Liquid metallic hydrogen
Light-Year
37. The slow wobble of the Earth on its rotation axis.
coma
Precession
Blackbody Curve
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
38. Matter that reveals itself only through its gravitational attraction.
dark matter
supermassive black hole
anorthosite
Light Curve
39. When the Sun is farthest south of the celestial equator (About December 22)
quarks
slowest rotation
Granules
Winter Solstice
40. Arcs of increased mass concentration that slow stars and gas down as they orbit through which cause the formation of stars.
Main Sequence Stars
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
thinnest atmosphere
density waves
41. Possible Fates of the Universe
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Horizontal Branch Star
Absolute Magnitude
Chandrasekhar Limit
42. A nearby galaxy with a quasar-like nucleus. closer but less bright than quasars-weaker
Seyfert galaxy
Make up of the jovian planets
Planetary Nebula
belt
43. A planet that is closer to the sun than the earth
inferior planets
Penumbra
Umbra
great red spot
44. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Pixel
45. Wave- only waves cause an interference pattern when passing through a double slit - particle- only particles deposit energy at specific locations (the way an image builds up on digital camera)
Make up of the terrestrial planets
fastest rotation
Flat - Flat
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
46. An important quality of telescopes that increases as the square of the primary mirror or objective lens
Light Gathering Power
Jupiters red spot
Open - flat - and closed.
disk
47. The normal eastward movement of a planet against the background of hte distant stars.
Instability strip
direct motion
Neutron Star
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
48. An efficient - two-dimensional electronic light detector. Common in digital cameras - they revolutionized astronomical imaging
Doppler Shift
Parsec
CCD
MOONS: roundest shape
49. What do we think the actual fate of the universe will be and why do we think this?
protostar
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
Metals
Bulge
50. When a planet lines up with the sun inthe sky
planetary nebula
Shepherd satellite
Hipparchus
conjunction