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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Venus
Terrestrial Planets
disk
hottest surface
Roundest orbit
2. Material that shoots rapidly out into space. Flares cause Auroras
MOONS: most geologically active
Flare
Drake equation
If it is in a denser medium - such as glass - it will move slower
3. Venus
dark energy
hottest surface
planetesimal
How is winding dilemma solved?
4. A volume of space where few - if any - galaxies are located
accretion disk
Void
retrograde motion
Milky way Galaxy
5. A perfect absorber and radiator of electromagnetic radiation.
Blackbody
neutrino
least dense
matter dominated universe
6. Saying that the sky should not get dark at night because all lines of sight end on a star meaning that the night sky should be ablaze BUT the big bang - because the universe had a beginning - says that the sky gets dark because out in space - galaxie
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7. An evolved star - past the helium flash that is burning helium to carbon in it's cores
Reflector
Geocentric
A family of radiant energy- includes light
Horizontal Branch Star
8. When a planet lines up with the sun inthe sky
conjunction
cosmology
Inverse Square Law
Photosphere
9. We can infer the absolute magnitude of pulsating variable stars by measuring their pulsation periods. The longer the pulsations - the greater their luminosities. We then again measure their apparent magnitudes - compare it with their absolute magnitu
Cepheid variables
Stephen-Boltzman Law
HII Region
Rich vs poor clusters
10. Collections of young - hot stars
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
Instability strip
OB Associations
Cosmic Microwave Background
11. Distance from sun to nucleus- 8 kiloparsecs (26000 LY) - diameter of Milky way- 150000 LY - length for sun to orbit once around milky way- 250 million years
Parallax
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Milky way Galaxy
12. The dimming of starlight by intervening dust
Kuiper belt
Interstellar Extinction
supermassive black hole
Turn off Point
13. Finding a star's absolute magnitude from it's placement on an HR diagram. After finding the absolute magnitude - we measure the apparent magnitude - for a distance modulus and use this to find the distance. This method is good for finding distances t
self-propagating star formation
Spectroscopic parallax
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
era of recombination
14. Any change in the speed or direction of an object's motion
Poor Cluster
AGN
fewest moons
acceleration
15. A cool collection of gas and dust silhouetted against a brighter background of stars and/or gas
isotropic
nova
Dark Nebula
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
16. A long-lived high-pressure bulge in Jupiter's southern hemisphere
great red spot
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
Limb darkening
Colestial Pole
17. Distance from sun to nucleus- 8 kiloparsecs (26000 LY) - diameter of Milky way- 150000 LY - length for sun to orbit once around milky way- 250 million years
Milky way Galaxy
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
Ionization
zone
18. The Big Bang says that the universe has not existed forever. It had a distinct beginning about 14 billion years ago called the 'Big Bang'. Therefore light from any object more than 14 billion light years away has not had time to reach us. The other p
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19. Any change in the speed or direction of an object's motion
Kirkwood gaps
Flare
greatest elongation
acceleration
20. VENUS
jovian
Inverse Square Law
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
21. The line on an H-are diagram going from upper left to lower right where normal stars of different masses reside.
Thermonuclear Fusion
Main Sequence
Gamma-ray Burst
Planetary Nebula
22. An object that may remain after a star explodes
coma
Interstellar Extinction
Neutron Star
supermassive black hole
23. The location of a supermassive black hole
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Nucleus
Roundest orbit
Chandrasekhar Limit
24. The mirror that determines the focus configuration of a reflector
Geocentric
Secondary Mirror
Dark Matter
meteorite
25. Possible Fates of the Universe
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
Grand design spirals
Superior planets
26. A volume of space where few - if any - galaxies are located
reflection star clusters
cosmological principle
Density Wave
Void
27. When massive objects bend space and time enough to create multiple images of an object located behind them
Steady State Theory (Leads to Olber's Paradox)
reflection star clusters
Gravitational Lens
Cosmological Principle
28. The oldest terrain on the moon
Summer Solstice
highlands
Open Cluster
White Dwarf
29. A continuous spectrum of light missing energy at a few wave lengths.
Supercluster
Absorption Spectrum
evidence of water on mars
density parameter
30. A large - irregularly shaped rocky object orbiting the sun mostly between mars and jupiter. Left-over planetesimals
asteroid
molecular clouds
cosmic singularity
Black Hole
31. The sinking of denser elements to the center of a young molten planet
Spectroscopic parallax
chemical differentiation
Focal Plane
standard candle
32. A galaxy sending out a stream of material from its nucleus
Horizontal Branch Star
Radio Galaxy
greehouse effects
Galilean satellite
33. Material that shoots rapidly out into space. Flares cause Auroras
nova
Flare
Cosmic Microwave Background
CMB
34. The nuclei of very distant galaxies. Likely a manifestation of supermassive black holes
Quasar
hottest surface
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
Most dense
35. 1-orbit aroudn the sun 2- are in hydrostatic equilibrium and 'mostly round' 3- have not cleared debris around its orbit 4- are not satellites
Cepheid Variable
Dwarf planets
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
Maria
36. Stars fromt he Halo that have drifted into the disk. as earth zooms past them in a faster orbit they appear to be going backward very fast
Doppler Shift
White Dwarf
High Velocity Stars
planetesimal
37. The mass of an object divided by its volume
radio galaxy
density
Light Pollution
Primary Mirror
38. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the small circle on which a planet moved.
Colestial Pole
synchronous rotation
epicycle
quasar
39. What do we think the actual fate of the universe will be and why do we think this?
Electron
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
Triple Alpha rocess
Thermal Equilibrium
40. The family of radiant energy that includes light as a subset
OB Associations
hottest surface
Electromagnetic Radiation
OB Associations
41. Mercury
thinnest atmosphere
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
mare basalt
42. Small bulges - loosely wound - massive arms - arms have many H2 regions and look very lumpy
Primary Mirror
Cosmological Principle
Thermal Equilibrium
Sc spiral galaxy
43. The linear correlation between the rate of the expansion of the universe and distance. Says that as galaxies get farther away in space - the speed with which they recede from us increases. So we can measure the amount of recessional velocity and use
Open - flat - and closed.
Big Crunch
Hubble law
Stephen-Boltzman Law
44. The Big Bang was not an explosion of matter into empty space - like the explosion of a bomb. Instead - it was an emergence of space and time filled with pure energy where before none of this was present. The point from which is emerged is called the
The Big Bang Theory
widmanstatten pattern
Hubble constant
gravity
45. A long-lived high-pressure bulge in Jupiter's southern hemisphere
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
planetary nebula
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
great red spot
46. An energetic event taking place in the early universe
Gamma-ray Burst
tectonics of Mars
Differential Rotation
solar nebula
47. Arcs of increased mass concentration that slow stars and gas down as they orbit through which cause the formation of stars.
Red Giant Branch Star
Radio Galaxy
mass
density waves
48. A younger cluster of stars - found in the galaxy disk
Open Cluster
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
general star population
Penumbra
49. A point in the sky where meteors appear to come from during a shower
Reflector
radiant
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
critical density
50. The Greek philosopher responsible for making the stellar magnitude scale.
Hipparchus
Radiative Diffusion
AGN
critical density