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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stars fromt he Halo that have drifted into the disk. as earth zooms past them in a faster orbit they appear to be going backward very fast
High Velocity Stars
accretion disk
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
planetesimal
2. The 11 or 22 period on the sun durin which sunspots increase - decrease - change polarity - increase and decrease again.
Degeneracy
Apollo asteroids
Sunspot cycle
solar nebula
3. 30AU to 50Au from sun - consists of ancietn premordial objects made of frozen ice and dust-35000 objects or more that are larger than 100 km in diameter and many more smaller than this
Kuiper belt
Prominence
hottest surface
A family of radiant energy- includes light
4. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
Apparent Magnitude
Instability strip
aurora
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
5. The universe is isotropic - homogeneous - and without beginning or end in time and space. If the universe is truly homogeneous then every line of sight will eventually end on a galaxy. If it has existed forever then there has been enough time for lig
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6. Mercury and venus
Make up of the jovian planets
gravity
fewest moons
force
7. The opaque universe that existed for 300000 years after the Big Bang. (photons outnumbered nuclei by 1 billion to one - so less light)
Celestial Equator
meteoriod
radiation dominated universe
Granules
8. Is space infinitely large?
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9. Is there water on the moon?
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Granules
tectonics of Mars
10. Latin for 'cloud'. A word used to describe the collections of gas and dust in the Milky Way and other galaxies
open star clusters
Instability strip
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
Nebula
11. An element of a highly efficient - two-dimensional electronic light detector
nucleus
radiant
Photometry
Pixel
12. A push or a pull
force
Big Crunch
radiant
smallest diameter
13. A bridge of material held in position above the solar surface. They can remain for hours even days
Prominence
nucleus
Electron
Nova
14. What are the three possible geometries of the universe?
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Open - flat - and closed.
anorthosite
Electromagnetic Radiation
15. Mercury
most eccentric orbit
Roundest orbit
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
accretion
16. The class of all objects having high energy radiation coming from their nuclei. Active Galactic Nucleus- Blazars - Quasars - Radio and Emit synchrotron radiation
radio galaxy
AGN
Halo
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
17. The state of having a balance between inward and outard pressures in a gas--the inward force from gravity is balanced by the outward force from heat.
Shepherd satellite
accretion disk
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
18. A spinning neutron star
nucleus
Eyepiece Lens
Coronal Loop
Pulsar
19. Why does the earth have few craters while the moon has many?
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Focal Plane
Grand design spirals
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
20. Stars orvits do not define the spiral patterns - instead they are density waves that move at slower speeds (arms are defined by young O and B stars and gas clouds)
Cassegrain Focus
terrestrial planet
How is winding dilemma solved?
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
21. The ratio of the actual density of the universe to the critical density. (actual density divided by the critical density
chemical differentiation
Turn off Point
Halo
density parameter
22. VENUS
Hubble law
planetesimal
Absolute Magnitude
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
23. In a CLOSED UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is _________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
inferior planets
The Big Bang Theory
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
24. Young clusters in disk are irregularly shaped since they have no time to relax into the rounder relaxed shape of globular clusters-will constantly be torn apart and assimilated.
cosmic singularity
tectonics of Earth
synchronous rotation
open star clusters
25. Jupiter
Resolving Power
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
H-are Diagram
Largest diameter
26. The process of acquiring material
Cosmological Principle
Thickest atmosphere
Dark Matter
accretion
27. Jupiter
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
most moons
standard candle
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
28. The distance between a lens and its focal plane
Void
Focal Length
tectonics of Earth
Inverse Square Law
29. In what chemical form are jupiters nitrogen - carbon and oxygen?
Ammonia - methane - and water
Lagrangian Razor
Neutron Star
Oort Cloud
30. Young clusters in disk are irregularly shaped since they have no time to relax into the rounder relaxed shape of globular clusters-will constantly be torn apart and assimilated.
Absorption Spectrum
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
radio galaxy
open star clusters
31. How did Earth come to have an oxygen rich atmosphere?
Sb spiral galaxy
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
Annular Eclipse
Halo
32. A change in the wavelength of light caused by a motion between the observer and light (or wave) source (blue shift if getting closer - red shift if moving away)
Cosmological Principle
Doppler Shift
Poor Cluster
terrestrial planet
33. The location in the Milky Way where stars orbit like a solid wheel
Autumnal Equinox
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
Cosmological Principle
Bulge
34. When a planet lines up with the sun inthe sky
nova
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
conjunction
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
35. Wave- only waves cause an interference pattern when passing through a double slit - particle- only particles deposit energy at specific locations (the way an image builds up on digital camera)
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
epicycle
Photosphere
Sa spiral galaxy
36. A galaxy sending out a stream of material from its nucleus
Radio Galaxy
Interstellar Extinction
Filament
Ionization
37. The fate of the universe if it is closed. The universe expanding as much as possible and then retracting
Spectroscopy
MOONS: largest size
Big Crunch
chondrite
38. Flat disk with gas - dust - H2 regions - molecular clouds - dust young stars and remnants of old planetary nebula and supernova remnants. stars spin together with similar velocities called differential rotation
Callisto (Jupiter)
fusion crust
disk
Make up of the jovian planets
39. When one side of a body always faces the planet it revolves around
Instability strip
synchronous rotation
Chromosphere
hottest surface
40. The apparent backward motion of a planet against the background of stars.
Sa spiral galaxy
retrograde motion
Emission Spectrum
general star population
41. When the Sun is farthest south of the celestial equator (About December 22)
Winter Solstice
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
Plank's Law
42. The law that predicts the possible types of spectra.
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43. Atmosphere blocks high energy wavelengths - atmosphere blurs optical radiation - atmosphere absorbs some radiation at all wavelengths even when it gets through.
Objective Lens
belt
Sidereal Day
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
44. Distance from sun to nucleus- 8 kiloparsecs (26000 LY) - diameter of Milky way- 150000 LY - length for sun to orbit once around milky way- 250 million years
Objective Lens
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
Occam's razor
Milky way Galaxy
45. Formed rapidly - collapsed slower into disk shape - star birth rate is low but lasts longer and ongoing - contain higher mass blue stars.
Zenith
Turn off Point
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
CNO Cycle
46. In an OPEN UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is ____ - Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is____.
meteor
opposition
Parsec
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
47. A spectrum of light with energy at only a few wavelengths.
Emission Spectrum
Olber's paradox
semimajor axis
blazar
48. A perfect absorber and radiator of electromagnetic radiation.
Big Bang
opposition
MOONS: roundest shape
Blackbody
49. The line on an H-are diagram going from upper left to lower right where normal stars of different masses reside.
greehouse effects
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
smallest diameter
Main Sequence
50. Originially thought to be stars emitting radio radiation but are now concluded to be nuclei of distant galaxies (same as radio galaxies aka emit streams of material)
inferior planets
Granules
Cassegrain Focus
quasar
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