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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
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Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In a FLAT UNIVERSE(our universe) - the curvature of space-time is ________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
most moons
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
2. The gap etween saturn's A and B rings
Cassini division
greehouse effects
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
Bulge
3. Very center of galaxy. suggestion of a black hole
Winter Solstice
aurora
slowest rotation
nucleus
4. Why does the earth have few craters while the moon has many?
Particle Horizon
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
protostar
Magnification
5. Elliptical orbits that come inside orbit of the Earth.
Extrasolar Planet
Apollo asteroids
MOONS: roundest shape
planetary nebula
6. Titan
meteor shower
Neutron Star
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
Summer Solstice
7. A nearby galaxy with a quasar-like nucleus. closer but less bright than quasars-weaker
Nebula
molecular clouds
Seyfert galaxy
Ecliptic
8. Highlands: rocks are made of lighter anorthosite (similar to old earth rocks) Maria: rocks made of heavy mare basalt (volcanic rock) everywhere else is loose regolith created by meteoric impact.
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Sa spiral galaxy
Degeneracy
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
9. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Secondary Mirror
differential rotation
aurora
10. A very low mass particle formed in solar fusion reactions that reacts only weakly with matter
neutrino
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Bok Globule
Parallax
11. In a CLOSED UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is _________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
radio galaxy
Cosmological Principle
Light-Year
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
12. Mercury
Grand design spirals
most eccentric orbit
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
zone
13. In an OPEN UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is ____ - Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is____.
Dark Nebula
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
tectonics of Mars
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
14. Jupiter
fastest rotation
Galilean satellite
How is winding dilemma solved?
Primary Mirror
15. Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune
Filament
Focal Length
Jovian Planets
Cepheid variables
16. What do we think the actual fate of the universe will be and why do we think this?
Objective Lens
accretion disk
Electron
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
17. What are the three possible geometries of the universe?
Open - flat - and closed.
force
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
Black Hole
18. Plate tectonics due to thickness of crust and maintain their general form when they collide-where most volcanoes are.
fusion crust
tectonics of Earth
Active Optics
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
19. The science of measuring the apparent magnitudes of stars by imaging them through different filters.
Resolving Power
Photometry
bulge
Terrestrial Planets
20. Ganymede
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
MOONS: largest size
Electromagnetic Radiation
Superior planets
21. The slow wobble of the Earth on its rotation axis.
smallest diameter
Cosmological Principle
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
Precession
22. The shadow area behind the Earth or Moon where the Sun is completely obscured.
Vernal Equinox
Cassini division
cosmological principle
Umbra
23. The final end state of a high mass star. .An entity for which gravity has completely overwhelmed all other forces of nature.
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Cosmic Microwave Background
Black Hole
great dark spots
24. Light scattered through the atmosphere that degrades astronomical images
asteroid
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
Maria
Light Pollution
25. When the Moon entirely blocks the Sun.
most moons
Kirkwood gaps
Total Eclipse
Prominence
26. A phenomenon seen when the Earth passes through the orbit of a burned out comet
meteor shower
great red spot
supermassive black hole
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
27. The linear correlation between the rate of the expansion of the universe and distance. Says that as galaxies get farther away in space - the speed with which they recede from us increases. So we can measure the amount of recessional velocity and use
Spectroscopy
Hubble law
greehouse effects
radiation dominated universe
28. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
neutrino
reflection star clusters
Chromosphere
Red Giant
29. Clouds of low density gas often found glowing faintly on either side of an AGN.
Convection
radio lobe
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Density Wave
30. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere.
Celestial Equator
density waves
The Local Group
Kuiper belt
31. The point where a superior planet is as far away from the sun as it can be (as seen from the Earth)
Supercluster
Vernal Equinox
opposition
Cassini division
32. Large bulge - tightly wound spiral arms - relatively few h2 regions and are smooth
rotation curve = dark matter?
Galilean satellite
Sa spiral galaxy
Instability strip
33. A planet that is closer to the sun than the earth
inferior planets
meteor
fusion crust
Instability strip
34. The displacement of spectral lines to redder colors caused by the expansion of the universe.
Sunspot cycle
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Jovian Planets
cosmological red shift
35. The location around an atom where an electron resides.
Umbra
Refractor
Energy Level
meteor shower
36. The universe is isotropic - homogeneous - and without beginning or end in time and space. If the universe is truly homogeneous then every line of sight will eventually end on a galaxy. If it has existed forever then there has been enough time for lig
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37. The lowest energy of an atom.
Ground State
Continuous Spectrum
Differential Rotation
density
38. A measure of how an object resists accelerating when acted upon by a force. It is proportional the amount of matter in an object
mass
Penumbra
radio lobe
SETI
39. A measure of the force of gravity on an object
Black Hole
Absorption Spectrum
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
weight
40. A star that is burning hydrogen to helium in a shell surrounding it's core
Occam's razor
Density Wave
Red Giant Branch Star
direct motion
41. Latin for 'cloud'. A word used to describe the collections of gas and dust in the Milky Way and other galaxies
Seeing
Nebula
jovian
CMB
42. A small chunk of rock in space
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Penumbra
Flat - Flat
meteoriod
43. IO
Refractor
inferior planets
Turn off Point
MOONS: most geologically active
44. The apparent magnitude a star would have if it were at a distance of 10 parsecs.
Jupiters red spot
Thermal Equilibrium
supernova
Absolute Magnitude
45. A highly variable galaxy nucleus of which BL Lac is one. Their light is highly energetic and their spectra are featureless. (face on)
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Kirkwood gaps
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
blazar
46. What causes the zones and belts on jupiter and saturn?
hottest surface
Precession
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
aphelion
47. The process similar to conduction by which energy moves from the solar core to the convective layer
Radiative Diffusion
force
Photometry
Precession
48. The process that powers the sun and hydrogen bombs
Differential Rotation
Thermonuclear Fusion
least dense
Sb spiral galaxy
49. A repeated - periodic push or pull capable of summing into a larger push or pull
Roundest orbit
gravity
Refractor
resonance
50. Sc galaxies where star formation and destruction is so rapid that supernova explosions are mainly responsible for compressing gas to create new stars.
Negative - Diverge - Less than 1
Black Hole
Rich vs poor clusters
self-propagating star formation
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