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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elliptical orbits that come inside orbit of the Earth.
Reflector
Interstellar Extinction
Apollo asteroids
retrograde motion
2. Ancient stream channels - flood planes - and sedimentary-type rock. Frozen water is found in the polar ice caps and in the soil.
Proton-proton chain
Coldest surface
White Dwarf
evidence of water on mars
3. Extremely round - lots of liquid water - ice rafts on surface ACTIVE SURFACE
Superior planets
Europa (Jupiters moon)
Electromagnetic Radiation: Microwave
matter dominated universe
4. Very center of galaxy. suggestion of a black hole
anorthosite
nucleus
Prominence
Seyfert galaxy
5. Formed from slow rotating clouds - collapsed quicker - initial star formation rate is high but died out - older - little rotation - look redder
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Magnification
Oort Cloud
Perihelion
6. The apparent magnitude a star would have if it were at a distance of 10 parsecs.
Halo
Absolute Magnitude
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Hubble law
7. The family of radiant energy that includes light as a subset
Focal Length
Electromagnetic Radiation
Seeing
Light Curve
8. The powdered stone fragments that make up the lunar 'soil'
regolith
Nebula
Hubble law
H-are Diagram
9. The most mass a white dwarf can have before collapsing to a neutron star
Flare
Chandrasekhar Limit
Quasar
asteroid
10. The dark - relativley smooth areas on the moon; Latin for sea
supernova
planetary nebula
Maria
Light Curve
11. Medium bulge - moderately would arms - arms have H2 regions in them and look sort of lumpy
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Corona
Sb spiral galaxy
Void
12. The process of acquiring material
Penumbra
accretion
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
epicycle
13. The entity responsible for spiral arms in grand-design spiral galaxies
solar nebula
greatest elongation
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Density Wave
14. In a FLAT UNIVERSE(our universe) - the curvature of space-time is ________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
regolith
protostar
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
general star population
15. Old - pock marked - icy surface - interior is not differentiated - geologically dead - NOT ACTIVE SURFACE
Maria
Callisto (Jupiter)
Kirchhoff's Law
Kuiper belt
16. Clouds of low density gas often found glowing faintly on either side of an AGN.
radio lobe
self-propagating star formation
300000 KM/sec
interstellar dust
17. The north-south line passing directly overhead through the zenith.
Quasar
Meridian
Thermal Equilibrium
tectonics of Venus
18. Extends to a distance of 50000AU. Same objects as in the Kuiper belt-when they fall in toward the sun they become comets. Debris from comets hitting the Earths atmosphere cause meteor showers.
AGN
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Open - flat - and closed.
Oort Cloud
19. The part of the Milky way that has on-going star formation
Disk
asteroid
era of recombination
Apparent Magnitude
20. Cold aggregates of gas - large and contain a huge amount of matter - so cold that molecules stick together to form molecules.
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
molecular clouds
blazar
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
21. Stars orvits do not define the spiral patterns - instead they are density waves that move at slower speeds (arms are defined by young O and B stars and gas clouds)
Filament
How is winding dilemma solved?
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
planetesimal
22. A fusion process in which a carbon atom transmutes to oxygen and back - creating a helium atom in the process
superclusters
CNO Cycle
weight
Open - flat - and closed.
23. Thick rigid crust - no longer has plate tectonics but still has convective hot spots that create earth-like volcanoes except that last for billions of years because of lack of tectonics.
cosmological principle
tectonics of Mars
Objective Lens
How is winding dilemma solved?
24. A planet orbiting about a distant star
Make up of the jovian planets
Halo
Extrasolar Planet
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
25. The imaginary sphere centered on the Earth that hols the stars.
mass
How is winding dilemma solved?
Celestial Sphere
force
26. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the large circle on which a planet's epicycle moved around the Earth.
Seyfert galaxy
Main Sequence
deferent
Hubble law
27. The opaque universe that existed for 300000 years after the Big Bang. (photons outnumbered nuclei by 1 billion to one - so less light)
cosmological principle
synchrotron radiation
Light Curve
radiation dominated universe
28. Plate tectonics due to thickness of crust and maintain their general form when they collide-where most volcanoes are.
Interstellar Extinction
Radio Galaxy
tectonics of Earth
Open Cluster
29. The instant of time after the Big Bang when space and time obtained their characteristics. (t=10^-43 sec when gravity freezes out-instant when gravity started existing as a separate force)
Superior planets
jovian
Planck time
Nova
30. Hydrogen and helium (mainly)
Make up of the jovian planets
cosmology
condensation temperature
Photon
31. The science of measuring the apparent magnitudes of stars by imaging them through different filters.
Turn off Point
Penumbra
Photometry
Jupiters red spot
32. The point directly overhead.
Io (jupiters moon)
Cepheid Variable
Zenith
density waves
33. Dark - reddish - low-pressure bands in Jupiter's atmosphere
open star clusters
Particle Horizon
matter dominated universe
belt
34. Originially thought to be stars emitting radio radiation but are now concluded to be nuclei of distant galaxies (same as radio galaxies aka emit streams of material)
quasar
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Nebula
bulge
35. Earth
fewest moons
density
Most dense
regolith
36. A toroidal or donut-shaped collection of material attracted to a central body like a star or black hole. Dust around an object
Energy Level
accretion disk
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
Nebula
37. A measure of the seasonal shifting of a star's position against farther stars or galaxies. The closer the star - the greater is the angular distance it shifts. We use it to find distances to stars that are up to 1000 pc away.
Extrasolar Planet
Electromagnetic Radiation
Hubble constant
Parallax
38. IO
cosmological principle
MOONS: most geologically active
Light Curve
Ground State
39. Distribution of dust (tells us disk is thin) - find distances to O&B stars and H2 regions (arms are sights of star formation and OB stars live and die at location of birth) -Milky way has four arms. Sun is in spur apart from arms.
Interstellar Extinction
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
Trojan asteroids
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
40. A word meaning 'the same in all directions.'
Cosmological Principle
isotropic
Winter Solstice
Magnification
41. A push or a pull
Celestial Equator
force
Jupiters red spot
Cosmological Principle
42. Dying small mass stars lose their outer layers in a relatively gentle way - creating a round or bipolar nebula about the star (round like planets)
Callisto (Jupiter)
Wein's Law
planetary nebula
Flare
43. What Ole Roemer used to measure the speed of light in a vacuum
Filament
Light Gathering Power
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
SETI
44. A small spherical dark nebula
plate tectonics
Bok Globule
gravity
widmanstatten pattern
45. Cold aggregates of gas - large and contain a huge amount of matter - so cold that molecules stick together to form molecules.
OB Associations
Thermal Equilibrium
MOONS: larger than mercury
molecular clouds
46. The seasonal shifting of a nearby star's position relative to more distant objects.
Parallax
Pulsar
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Parsec
47. Jupiter
fastest rotation
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
Gravitational Lens
Ecliptic
48. Sa - Sb galaxies where two magnificent arms wind their way from nucleus out in a symmetrical manner.
Grand design spirals
Halo
radio galaxy
Absorption Spectrum
49. A particle of light.
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
White Dwarf
Photon
Oort Cloud
50. Small bulges - loosely wound - massive arms - arms have many H2 regions and look very lumpy
Occam's razor
Focal Length
plate tectonics
Sc spiral galaxy