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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Distance from sun to nucleus- 8 kiloparsecs (26000 LY) - diameter of Milky way- 150000 LY - length for sun to orbit once around milky way- 250 million years
Milky way Galaxy
Cassini division
regolith
weight
2. A large - irregularly shaped rocky object orbiting the sun mostly between mars and jupiter. Left-over planetesimals
High Velocity Stars
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
protostar
asteroid
3. The process of acquiring material
Blackbody
accretion
dark matter
meteoriod
4. 30AU to 50Au from sun - consists of ancietn premordial objects made of frozen ice and dust-35000 objects or more that are larger than 100 km in diameter and many more smaller than this
Light Curve
Nova
Kuiper belt
Cosmic Microwave Background
5. Latin for 'cloud'. A word used to describe the collections of gas and dust in the Milky Way and other galaxies
HII Region
Absorption Spectrum
aurora
Nebula
6. The state of having a balance between inward and outard pressures in a gas--the inward force from gravity is balanced by the outward force from heat.
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
homogeneous
Stephen-Boltzman Law
evidence of water on mars
7. The telescope configuration that has the focus placed at the back of the primary mirror
Cassegrain Focus
Chandrasekhar Limit
great red spot
Inverse Square Law
8. A small and dim but hot star.
White Dwarf
self-propagating star formation
acceleration
Autumnal Equinox
9. A perfect absorber and radiator of electromagnetic radiation.
Astronomical Unit
Blackbody
cosmological red shift
slowest rotation
10. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
Callisto (Jupiter)
Total Eclipse
aurora
Galilean satellite
11. The rotation period of the Earth measured relative to the stars.
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Steady State Theory (Leads to Olber's Paradox)
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Sidereal Day
12. The Greek philosopher responsible for making the stellar magnitude scale.
Interstellar Extinction
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
Hipparchus
Eyepiece Lens
13. A very distant - star-like object with huge - broad emission lines. Probably the nucleus of a distant active galaxy.
quasar
hottest surface
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Doppler Shift
14. Dying large-mass stars lose their outer layers in a violent explosion creating large - chaotic remnants. these brighten like nova but are so much brighter and only occur ONCE PER STAR
supernova
open star clusters
Callisto (Jupiter)
tectonics of Venus
15. The larger bodies that formed early in teh solar nebula that were chemically differentiated
planetesimal
direct motion
Io (jupiters moon)
quasar
16. A star fusing hydrogen to helium in it's core
CMB
If it is in a denser medium - such as glass - it will move slower
Main Sequence Stars
Spectroscopy
17. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the small circle on which a planet moved.
MOONS: largest size
tectonics of Venus
Largest diameter
epicycle
18. The point where an inferior planet is as far away from the sun as it can be (as seen from the Earth)
Molecular Clouds
greatest elongation
Chromosphere
jovian
19. A subatomic particle with a negative charge. It creates light.
Electron
CCD
Ground State
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
20. The seasonal shifting of a nearby star's position relative to more distant objects.
Interstellar Extinction
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Electromagnetic Radiation
Parallax
21. Venus
bulge
Dark Nebula
Nucleus
Thickest atmosphere
22. A representation of the changes in color and brightness of an evolving protostar.
The Big Bang Theory resolves Olber's Paradox
Largest diameter
Precession
Hyashi track
23. Distribution of dust (tells us disk is thin) - find distances to O&B stars and H2 regions (arms are sights of star formation and OB stars live and die at location of birth) -Milky way has four arms. Sun is in spur apart from arms.
Celestial Equator
Autumnal Equinox
radiant
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
24. Plate tectonics due to thickness of crust and maintain their general form when they collide-where most volcanoes are.
tectonics of Earth
tectonics of Venus
Photosphere
Secondary Mirror
25. Heavier elements such as iron - silicon - magnesium - sulfer - nickel
radiation dominated universe
Quasar
CNO Cycle
Make up of the terrestrial planets
26. The nuclei of very distant galaxies. Likely a manifestation of supermassive black holes
Quasar
Penumbra
Halo
cosmology
27. When material is heated and moves taking the heat energy with it
chemical differentiation
force
Convection
Enke gap
28. Jupiter
Red Giant
White Dwarf
most moons
widmanstatten pattern
29. A cloud of ionized hydrogen. Formed when young stars heat the surrounding gas
HII Region
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
Spectral Lines
30. A long-lived high-pressure bulge in Jupiter's southern hemisphere
great red spot
tectonics of Venus
Ammonia - methane - and water
Kirchhoff's Law
31. Either Io -Europa - Ganymede - or Callisto
Main Sequence Stars
Spectral Lines
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Galilean satellite
32. Orbit in Jupiters orbit
density waves
Maria
Light Pollution
Trojan asteroids
33. A word meaning 'the same everywhere throughout.'
Largest diameter
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
homogeneous
34. The amount of density needed to stop the universe from expanding and to begin the big crunch represented by Pc
Europa (Jupiters moon)
Light-Year
Dwarf planets
critical density
35. The location in the Milky Way where stars orbit like a solid wheel
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
Open - flat - and closed.
Bulge
36. A streak of light in the atmosphere
Differential Rotation
meteor
Electromagnetic Radiation
radiation pressure
37. A rock or iron specimen that has fallen from space
meteorite
superclusters
Open - flat - and closed.
The Local Group
38. A fusion process in which a carbon atom transmutes to oxygen and back - creating a helium atom in the process
CNO Cycle
Thermal Equilibrium
coma
A family of radiant energy- includes light
39. The displacement of spectral lines to redder colors caused by the expansion of the universe.
partile horizon
Terrestrial Planets
Penumbra
cosmological red shift
40. Electromagnetic Radiation
reflection star clusters
A family of radiant energy- includes light
Main Sequence
Galilean satellite
41. A two-filter measure of the color - and hence temperature - of a star.
Largest diameter
meteoriod
Color Index
Parallax
42. The particle horizon is the farthest we can see. It exists because the universe had a beginning and thus a definite age. Light from distances farther away from the particle horizon have not had time to reach us yet.
Cosmological Principle
Blackbody Curve
Particle Horizon
Proton-proton chain
43. Small bulges - loosely wound - massive arms - arms have many H2 regions and look very lumpy
Astronomical Unit
Bok Globule
Photosphere
Sc spiral galaxy
44. The area behind a lens where images are resolved
Primary Mirror
Cosmic Microwave Background
Focal Plane
Red Giant Branch Star
45. A cool collection of gas and dust silhouetted against a brighter background of stars and/or gas
Doppler Shift
Electromagnetic Radiation: Gamma Ray
Dark Nebula
H-are Diagram
46. The Big Bang says that the universe has not existed forever. It had a distinct beginning about 14 billion years ago called the 'Big Bang'. Therefore light from any object more than 14 billion light years away has not had time to reach us. The other p
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47. A star that has become a red giant for the second and final time. It is burning helium to carbon in a shell surrounding the core
asteroid
Differential Rotation
Planck time
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
48. A plot of star absolute magnitude verses spectral type.
Instability strip
Cepheid variables
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
H-are Diagram
49. Venus
evidence of water on mars
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Roundest orbit
fastest rotation
50. The law stating that hotter blackbodies look bluer than cooler blackbodies.
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