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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrogen and helium (mainly)
Differential Rotation
Make up of the jovian planets
Doppler Shift
open star clusters
2. Flattened spherical distribution of old stars with some young stars too. 'hub' of Milky way - stars orbit with solid body speeds. Elongated into bar shape
tectonics of Venus
bulge
Objective Lens
Pulsar
3. The distance a moon can be from a planet before shattering from tidal forces
meteor
Self-Propogating Star Formation
roche limit
Meridian
4. The ratio of the actual density of the universe to the critical density. (actual density divided by the critical density
meteoriod
Corona
Enke gap
density parameter
5. Sc galaxies
Horizontal Branch Star
Pulsar
rotation curve=winding dilemma?
Flocculent spirals
6. Small moons that maintain the shape of rings around Saturn and Uranus
Cepheid variables
condensation temperature
Shepherd satellite
Eyepiece Lens
7. Small compact stars called white dwarfs can have material deposited on their surfaces. In time material heats up and explodes in surface nuclear reaction- star brightens - settles - repeats.
Bok Globule
AGN
Gamma-ray Burst
nova
8. Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars
Big Crunch
Sc spiral galaxy
Celestial Equator
Terrestrial Planets
9. A star that blows itself apart
Active Optics
belt
Black Hole
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
10. The oldest terrain on the moon
chondrite
Dark Matter
highlands
Particle Horizon
11. Flattened spherical distribution of old stars with some young stars too. 'hub' of Milky way - stars orbit with solid body speeds. Elongated into bar shape
Winter Solstice
self-propagating star formation
bulge
Density Wave
12. The gap etween saturn's A and B rings
Light-Year
Atomic Number
Hubble law
Cassini division
13. The location in an H-are diagram of a star cluster - where stars have just left the main sequence. Used to estimate the cluster age.
Halo
Turn off Point
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
Oort Cloud
14. Any change in the speed or direction of an object's motion
acceleration
meteoriod
fastest rotation
supernova
15. Poitns of gravitational stability in the orbit of a planet
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
quasar
Lagrangian Razor
greatest elongation
16. Loops that trace the magnetic field as it erupts from a sunspot area and arches over to an adjacent area. They glow in the light of gas pouring out of corona and falling into photosphere.
Kuiper belt
Sb spiral galaxy
Sc spiral galaxy
Coronal Loop
17. Stars fromt he Halo that have drifted into the disk. as earth zooms past them in a faster orbit they appear to be going backward very fast
Blackbody Curve
tectonics of Mars
widmanstatten pattern
High Velocity Stars
18. The philosophical stand that says a simpler explanation is more likely to be correct than a complicated one.
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19. Sa - Sb galaxies where two magnificent arms wind their way from nucleus out in a symmetrical manner.
Grand design spirals
Astronomical Unit
cosmic singularity
cosmological principle
20. When one side of a body always faces the planet it revolves around
synchronous rotation
Occam's razor
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
Absolute Magnitude
21. The light produced when particles from the sun collide with atmospheric molecules
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
aurora
roche limit
contrast northern lowlands and the southern highlands of mars...
22. The layer of the sun just above the photosphere
Chromosphere
Sunspots
Bulge
Milky way Galaxy
23. Originially thought to be stars emitting radio radiation but are now concluded to be nuclei of distant galaxies (same as radio galaxies aka emit streams of material)
quasar
White Dwarf
blazar
Prominence
24. Cold aggregates of gas - large and contain a huge amount of matter - so cold that molecules stick together to form molecules.
Coldest surface
molecular clouds
Particle Horizon
Main Sequence
25. The number of protons in an atom.
Globular Cluster
Earth resurfaces itself due to erosion and plate tectonics - while the moon has neither.
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Atomic Number
26. A term referring to Earth-like planets
Grand design spirals
terrestrial planet
Big Crunch
density waves
27. 1 mm 1μm
Colestial Pole
Electromagnetic Radiation: Infrared
Jupiters red spot
Ground State
28. Europa
Oort Cloud
Atomic Number
planetesimal
MOONS: roundest shape
29. Highlands: rocks are made of lighter anorthosite (similar to old earth rocks) Maria: rocks made of heavy mare basalt (volcanic rock) everywhere else is loose regolith created by meteoric impact.
Largest diameter
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
Rich vs poor clusters
aphelion
30. The nuclei of very distant galaxies. Likely a manifestation of supermassive black holes
Quasar
shape and color of ELLIPTICAL galaxies
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
semimajor axis
31. A star that is in the process of forming. It glows from gravitational contraction
Sa spiral galaxy
smallest diameter
Oort Cloud
protostar
32. The rotation of a star or planet at different speeds at its equator and poles
differential rotation
Dwarf planets
Flocculent spirals
Light Pollution
33. Dying small mass stars lose their outer layers in a relatively gentle way - creating a round or bipolar nebula about the star (round like planets)
Largest diameter
planetary nebula
cosmological red shift
isotropic
34. Mercury and venus
fewest moons
asteroid
Flat - Flat
chondrite
35. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the large circle on which a planet's epicycle moved around the Earth.
opposition
Big Crunch
Sunspot cycle
deferent
36. A massive variable star used to find distances to the galaxies or clusters that contain them.
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
Population 1 vs Population 2 stars
Cepheid Variable
Filament
37. A faint - remarkably uniform distribution of radiation in space
Cosmic Microwave Background
SETI
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
Kirchhoff's Law
38. A long-lived high-pressure bulge in Jupiter's southern hemisphere
High Velocity Stars
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
great red spot
Thickest atmosphere
39. Small compact stars called white dwarfs can have material deposited on their surfaces. In time material heats up and explodes in surface nuclear reaction- star brightens - settles - repeats.
Jovian Planets
Parsec
nova
Wein's Law
40. Radiation given off by electrons accelerating in a magnetic field
Synchrotron Rotation
Oort Cloud
Disk
Vernal Equinox
41. Is there water on the moon?
Photon
planetesimal
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
standard candle
42. The lowest energy of an atom.
Ground State
Open - flat - and closed.
accretion
Trojan asteroids
43. The state of having a balance between inflowing and outflowing heat-- the temp at every radial point is different but constant
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
Thermal Equilibrium
Absolute Magnitude
conjunction
44. The opaque universe that existed for 300000 years after the Big Bang. (photons outnumbered nuclei by 1 billion to one - so less light)
Summer Solstice
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
radiation dominated universe
Granules
45. The law that syas light energy from a blackbody increases as (temperature^4)
Dark Nebula
meteorite
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Grand design spirals
46. As open clusters age - they push gas away but dust remains this can reflect light giving the cluster a blue-ish color. also called reflection nebula
reflection star clusters
open star clusters
quarks
Summer Solstice
47. The point where a superior planet is as far away from the sun as it can be (as seen from the Earth)
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
opposition
Superior planets
Nucleus
48. A bright area of higher temperature that often proceeds the formation of sunspots.
Big Crunch
Plague
Density Wave
3 reasons we orbit satellites to observe universe
49. As open clusters age - they push gas away but dust remains this can reflect light giving the cluster a blue-ish color. also called reflection nebula
reflection star clusters
Light-Year
Annular Eclipse
Turn off Point
50. The powdered stone fragments that make up the lunar 'soil'
regolith
Horizontal Branch Star
Make up of the jovian planets
Flocculent spirals