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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Highlands: rocks are made of lighter anorthosite (similar to old earth rocks) Maria: rocks made of heavy mare basalt (volcanic rock) everywhere else is loose regolith created by meteoric impact.
Globular Cluster
regolith
Clouds of sufuric acid (very inhospitable and brightest object in the sky) - process called greenhouse affect traps radiation making it 900 degrees at times - spins with retrograde rotation (sun rises in west) and takes 58.4 days for it to set. Thick
difference between maria and highlands of the moon.
2. All wavelengths of light emitted by a blackbody.
Active Optics
Blackbody Curve
Primary Mirror
meteorite
3. The entity responsible for spiral arms in grand-design spiral galaxies
H2 Regions
cosmological principle
Density Wave
Oort cloud
4. The law that syas light energy from a blackbody increases as (temperature^4)
Flocculent spirals
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
Planetary Nebula
Stephen-Boltzman Law
5. The opaque universe that existed for 300000 years after the Big Bang. (photons outnumbered nuclei by 1 billion to one - so less light)
radiation dominated universe
protostar
Light Gathering Power
zone
6. What causes the zones and belts on jupiter and saturn?
disk
Ionization
High and low pressure which stretch into bands due to the rapid differential rotation. deeper - darker colors are in the belts and zones are lighter
Chandrasekhar Limit
7. The material from which the solar system formed
Self-Propogating Star Formation
solar nebula
MOONS: roundest shape
Synodic Day
8. The shadow area behind the Earth or Moon where the Sun is completely obscured.
Umbra
fastest rotation
inferior planets
Bulge
9. A small and dim but hot star.
Planetary Nebula
White Dwarf
Red Giant
OB Associations
10. Jupiter
Largest diameter
Perihelion
Planetary Nebula
Zenith
11. The number of protons in an atom.
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Atomic Number
direct motion
great dark spots
12. The rock that makes up the lunar maria
mare basalt
chemical differentiation
tectonics of Mars
Geocentric
13. Stars fromt he Halo that have drifted into the disk. as earth zooms past them in a faster orbit they appear to be going backward very fast
Magnification
High Velocity Stars
Winter Solstice
Halo
14. A small chunk of rock in space
meteoriod
Blackbody Curve
Gravitational Lens
Gamma-ray Burst
15. The process similar to conduction by which energy moves from the solar core to the convective layer
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Radiative Diffusion
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Refractor
16. The apparent path of the Sun through the stars on the celestial sphere.
Void
In an expanding universe all galaxies see all other galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to them receding away. This is what we see in the Hubble Law. We infer that the Hubble law also holds true for all other galaxies.
Spectroscopy
Ecliptic
17. Ancient stream channels - flood planes - and sedimentary-type rock. Frozen water is found in the polar ice caps and in the soil.
Hipparchus
evidence of water on mars
radiation pressure
Olber's paradox
18. A large - irregularly shaped rocky object orbiting the sun mostly between mars and jupiter. Left-over planetesimals
asteroid
Spectroscopic Parallax
coma
MOONS: roundest shape
19. A change in the wavelength of light caused by a motion between the observer and light (or wave) source (blue shift if getting closer - red shift if moving away)
Doppler Shift
Radiative Diffusion
most moons
Light-Year
20. Disk dust grains are made of all the elements that are not in gaseous form in space which blocks starlight and causes interstellar extinction
Filament
Neutron Star
interstellar dust
Void
21. The amount an image is enlarged by a telescope
Magnification
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Spectroscopic Parallax
Galilean satellite
22. A large and bright but cool star.
radio galaxy
zone
Continuous Spectrum
Red Giant
23. Ganymede
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
standard candle
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
MOONS: largest size
24. The act of removing an electron from an atom.
Ionization
Yes - frozen at the poles- remains protected from the suns rays
Kirchhoff's Law
Liquid metallic hydrogen
25. Hot cells of gas that rise and fall in the hotosphere
conjunction
Granules
Focal Plane
Void
26. Heavier elements such as iron - silicon - magnesium - sulfer - nickel
Penumbra
300000 KM/sec
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Sunspots
27. The distance between a lens and its focal plane
Ground State
fastest rotation
radiation pressure
Focal Length
28. Radiation (possibly left over from the big bang) that fills the universe. Perfect black body spectrum and tells us a bit aout how galaxies are formed.
Brown dwarf
Red Giant Branch Star
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
Focal Length
29. 10 nm 10^2 nm
Interstellar Extinction
molecular clouds
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
Supercluster
30. The fusion process that turns three helium nuclei into a carbon nucleus
Energy Level
synchronous rotation
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
Triple Alpha rocess
31. Stars orvits do not define the spiral patterns - instead they are density waves that move at slower speeds (arms are defined by young O and B stars and gas clouds)
Flocculent spirals
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
How is winding dilemma solved?
nucleus
32. The organization of clusters of galaxies into sheets and strings
cosmological principle
Supercluster
highlands
Coldest surface
33. The crust of a meteorite caused by its entry into Earth's atmosphere
Poor Cluster
fusion crust
Stephen-Boltzman Law
Secondary Mirror
34. Wave- only waves cause an interference pattern when passing through a double slit - particle- only particles deposit energy at specific locations (the way an image builds up on digital camera)
Light Pollution
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Observations of distant type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is speeding up with time - not slowing down! So there must be a force causing this.
35. Disk dust grains are made of all the elements that are not in gaseous form in space which blocks starlight and causes interstellar extinction
Superior planets
fastest rotation
Ionization
interstellar dust
36. The entity responsible for spiral arms in grand-design spiral galaxies
Autumnal Equinox
MOONS: most geologically active
Hubble constant
Density Wave
37. In Ptolemy's geocentric solar system - the small circle on which a planet moved.
epicycle
Ole Roemer
E=mc2
neutrino
38. A collection of galaxies like the one the Milky Way belongs to
Astronomical Unit
Poor Cluster
mass
Apparent Magnitude
39. A volume of space where few - if any - galaxies are located
Drake equation
radiant
Void
Sa spiral galaxy
40. The point in its orbit where a planet is farthest from the sun
aphelion
Supernova (You can be my supernova girl)
Quasar
inferior planets
41. The temp at which a substance in the vacuum of space solidifies
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
Sunspot cycle
tectonics of Mars
condensation temperature
42. The assumption that the universe is isotropic (same in all directions) and homogeneous (Same everywhere throughout)
Rich vs poor clusters
cosmological principle
Astronomical Unit
accretion disk
43. An energetic event taking place in the early universe
Emission Spectrum
meteorite
Gamma-ray Burst
Thickest atmosphere
44. A planet that is farther from the sun than the Earth is
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
Filament
Superior planets
Blackbody Curve
45. A particle of light.
Photon
open star clusters
density
Ionization
46. The first rock-sized bodies that formed in the solar nebula from dust grains
greehouse effects
Thermonuclear Fusion
belt
chondrite
47. A telescope that uses mirrors to focus light
Reflector
Neutron Star
Self-Propogating Star Formation
mapping the structure of Milky Way disk
48. A continuous spectrum of light missing energy at a few wave lengths.
Photon
Absorption Spectrum
Gravity only pulls matter back together. Therefore - if gravity is the only force that operates on cosmic scales then the expansion of the universe should decrease with time. The critical density is the value of matter density sufficient to halt the
Shepherd satellite
49. A word meaning 'the same everywhere throughout.'
Bok Globule
homogeneous
Coronal Loop
blazar
50. A logarithmically scaled value for the measured brightness of a star.
Synchrotron Rotation
Apparent Magnitude
Inverse Square Law
Rich Cluster