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Test your basic knowledge |
Cosmology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ancient stream channels - flood planes - and sedimentary-type rock. Frozen water is found in the polar ice caps and in the soil.
evidence of water on mars
Winter Solstice
great red spot
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
2. Originially thought to be stars emitting radio radiation but are now concluded to be nuclei of distant galaxies (same as radio galaxies aka emit streams of material)
quasar
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
Coronal Loop
Seyfert galaxy
3. When particles are compressed to an unnatural state where their pressure is not related to their temperature
It does not have to expand into anything. It might just be that the 3 dimensions of space are getting bigger. It may also be that our 3 spatial dimensions are expanding into higher dimensions if such things exist.
planetary nebula
Main Sequence Stars
Degeneracy
4. Material that shoots rapidly out into space. Flares cause Auroras
A family of radiant energy- includes light
H2 Regions
Flare
cosmic fireball
5. Ancient stream channels - flood planes - and sedimentary-type rock. Frozen water is found in the polar ice caps and in the soil.
Trojan asteroids
evidence of water on mars
plate tectonics
condensation temperature
6. Loops that trace the magnetic field as it erupts from a sunspot area and arches over to an adjacent area. They glow in the light of gas pouring out of corona and falling into photosphere.
Focal Plane
Astronomical Unit
Gamma-ray Burst
Coronal Loop
7. 1-orbit aroudn the sun 2- are in hydrostatic equilibrium and 'mostly round' 3- have not cleared debris around its orbit 4- are not satellites
Dwarf planets
Light Gathering Power
Electromagnetic Radiation
Primary Mirror
8. A planet that is farther from the sun than the Earth is
Self-Propogating Star Formation
Brown dwarf
Superior planets
comet
9. The era when the ratio of matter to energy greatly favored matter. (verses radiation dominated universe where it was opaque. Matter is now dominated by gravity not photons)
Synchrotron Rotation
general star population
Open Cluster
matter dominated universe
10. When particles are compressed to an unnatural state where their pressure is not related to their temperature
Degeneracy
Turn off Point
Poor Cluster
300000 KM/sec
11. A force exerted by reflecting sunlight
radiation pressure
asteroid
matter dominated universe
Oort cloud
12. 1. We see rapid movements or high energy radiation coming at some level from the nuclei of nearly every galaxy we have looked at. 2. We suspect that the creation of these supermassive black holes is part of the galaxy formation process.
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
H2 Regions
regolith
13. The final end state of an intermediate to high mass star. An entity in which all the electrons have been pushed into the protons.
Focal Length
Neutron Star
asteroid
Electromagnetic Radiation: X-Ray
14. When a planet lines up with the sun inthe sky
conjunction
Celestial Sphere
accretion
HII Region
15. Poitns of gravitational stability in the orbit of a planet
MOONS: thickest atmosphere
How is winding dilemma solved?
Lagrangian Razor
widmanstatten pattern
16. A word meaning 'the same everywhere throughout.'
superclusters
2 Reasons Why there are Supermassive Black holes at the center of every Galaxy
homogeneous
self-propagating star formation
17. A bright area of higher temperature that often proceeds the formation of sunspots.
resonance
Plague
interstellar dust
synchrotron radiation
18. A large - irregularly shaped rocky object orbiting the sun mostly between mars and jupiter. Left-over planetesimals
asteroid
most eccentric orbit
Dark matter candidates
Main Sequence
19. A star that is burning hydrogen to helium in a shell surrounding it's core
Main Sequence Stars
density
CNO Cycle
Red Giant Branch Star
20. Formed rapidly - collapsed slower into disk shape - star birth rate is low but lasts longer and ongoing - contain higher mass blue stars.
Superior planets
shape and color of SPIRAL galaxies
solar nebula
Kirkwood gaps
21. Radiation (possibly left over from the big bang) that fills the universe. Perfect black body spectrum and tells us a bit aout how galaxies are formed.
superclusters
semimajor axis
synchrotron radiation
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
22. The area behind a lens where images are resolved
Annular Eclipse
Focal Plane
Hyashi track
Gamma-ray Burst
23. Venus (retrograde)
slowest rotation
hottest surface
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
HII Region
24. A term referring to Jupiter-like planets
Turn off Point
opposition
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
jovian
25. Approximate speed of light in a vacuum
blazar
300000 KM/sec
Interstellar Extinction
Ground State
26. How did Earth come to have an oxygen rich atmosphere?
Biologicla life created the recycling of nitrogen - co2 - and the production of oxygen. Oxygen is heavier so the atmosphere held onto it easier than hydrogen and helium.
Nowhere visible to us. If there are higher dimension then the center would be visible to someone who lives in one. If there are no higher dimensions then the center does not exist.
Thermonuclear Fusion
accretion
27. Jupiter
epicycle
most moons
Radiative Diffusion
If it is in a denser medium - such as glass - it will move slower
28. A bright area of higher temperature that often proceeds the formation of sunspots.
Plague
Terrestrial Planets
CCD
disk
29. Sulfurous volcanoes - pools of liquid sulfur - surface resembles cheese pizza ACTIVE SURFACE
Dark matter is located at center of clusters - pulling the cluster members into faster orbits--dark matter gravity keeps objects in galxies bound.
Io (jupiters moon)
quasar
reflection star clusters
30. The state of having a balance between inward and outard pressures in a gas--the inward force from gravity is balanced by the outward force from heat.
critical density
Degeneracy
accretion
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
31. An entity that is likely in the nucleus of most - if not all - galaxies.
Zenith
Penumbra
supermassive black hole
condensation temperature
32. What Ole Roemer used to measure the speed of light in a vacuum
MOONS: most geologically active
Resolving Power
Eclipses of the Moons of Jupiter
Objective Lens
33. A star that has become a red giant for the second and final time. It is burning helium to carbon in a shell surrounding the core
Asymptotic giant Branch Star
Galilean satellite
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
MOONS: roundest shape
34. Heavier elements such as iron - silicon - magnesium - sulfer - nickel
Make up of the terrestrial planets
Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio
accretion
Cepheid variables
35. The line on an H-are diagram going from upper left to lower right where normal stars of different masses reside.
Triple Alpha rocess
Main Sequence
Doppler Shift
Hyashi track
36. Venus (retrograde)
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
mare basalt
slowest rotation
H2 Regions
37. A collection of comets in the plane of the solar system - located beyond the orbit of Pluto
Brown dwarf
Kuiper belt
Flat - Remain Parallel - Exactly 1
Superior planets
38. A massive variable star used to find distances to the galaxies or clusters that contain them.
Cepheid Variable
Limb darkening
opposition
reflection star clusters
39. The gap etween saturn's A and B rings
Thermal Equilibrium
Open Cluster
Parallax
Cassini division
40. 1μm 100 nm
opposition
Black Hole
matter dominated universe
Electromagnetic Radiation: Visible Light
41. The fate of the universe if it is closed. The universe expanding as much as possible and then retracting
least dense
cosmic singularity
Big Crunch
Umbra
42. 100 nm 10 nm
radio galaxy
Blackbody Curve
accretion
Electromagnetic Radiation: Ultraviolet Light
43. Dark - reddish - low-pressure bands in Jupiter's atmosphere
belt
Light: travels like a wave - detected like a particle
Black Hole
partile horizon
44. The time when the universe cooled sufficiently for atoms to exist. radiation dominated= first 300000 years - THEN era of recombination turns into matter dominated for next.
era of recombination
Chromosphere
Electron
mass
45. The point where an inferior planet is as far away from the sun as it can be (as seen from the Earth)
MOONS: roundest shape
slowest rotation
greatest elongation
partile horizon
46. Orbit in Jupiters orbit
Photon
quarks
Trojan asteroids
planetesimal
47. A distance measure determined by the shifting of a star against the background sky every 6 months.
tectonics of Mars
Dark Matter
matter dominated universe
Parsec
48. The entity from which the whole universe is postulated to have come from.
cosmic singularity
Make up of the jovian planets
standard candle
supermassive black hole
49. The cosmological principle is the assumption that the universe is isotropic and homogeneous.The Big Bang assumes it to be a correct principle so that what we observe is exactly like What is too far away to be observed.
Cosmological Principle
weight
standard candle
chemical differentiation
50. In a CLOSED UNIVERSE - the curvature of space-time is _________. Parallel beams will converge/diverge/remain parallel (circle one). The density parameter - Ω0 - is _____.
Positive - Converge - Greater than 1
Vernal Equinox
Total Eclipse
Eyepiece Lens