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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
The U.S. Marshall
Restorative Justice
Property crimes

2. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Property crimes
Intermediate Sanctions
Restitution

3. Problem of Re-entry
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Indigent Defendant
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

4. Right to public trial
Indigent Defendant
Sentence served simultaneously
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

5. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Society expects them to be criminals
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Indigent Defendant
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

6. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Furlough
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

7. Right to confront witnesses
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

8. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Substantive Rights
Parole

9. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

10. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Halfway House
Private attorneys

11. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Day Fees
Sentence served one after another
The place and its charecteristics

12. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

13. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Prison
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

14. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Shock Probation
Intermediate Sanctions
Trial by a judge without jury
Social agent

15. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Intermediate Sanctions
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Restorative Justice
Highway Patrol

16. Capital Punishment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

17. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Obstacle course
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Minimum-Security Prison
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

18. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
7 Million Americans
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

19. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Higher
Established customs and traditions
A fixed term of incarceration

20. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
House Arrest
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

21. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Jail
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
A crime that is considered especially immoral

22. Mandatory Sentence
The U.S. Marshall
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

23. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
$200 billion
7 Million Americans
Work Release
Private attorneys

24. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Self-incrimination
Indigent Defendant
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

25. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Marriage
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
90%

26. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The U.S. Marshall
Prison

27. Problems of Parole
Assembly line
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

28. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Boot Camp
Halfway House
Recoupment
Revocation

29. Consecutive sentence
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The local police
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Sentence served one after another

30. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Restorative Justice
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

31. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Day Fees
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

32. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
18
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

33. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
About 10 felony arrests per month
Shock Probation
18

34. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Social agent
Forfeiture
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

35. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The procedural criminal law

36. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Property crimes
Probation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

37. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
18
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Subpoena

38. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Obstacle course
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Subpoena

39. Bench Trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Make-believe family
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Trial by a judge without jury

40. Right to counsel
Restitution
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Property crimes

41. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Prison
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

42. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Pre-Sentence Investigation

43. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

44. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Grand Jury

45. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Trial by a judge without jury
Forfeiture
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

46. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Sentence served one after another
Obstacle course
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Minimum-Security Prison

47. Indeterminate Sentencing
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Maximum-Security
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

48. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Forfeiture
1.4 million
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

49. Delinquents
Minimum-Security Prison
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Indigent Defendant
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

50. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present