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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Restitution
Prison

2. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Went down steadily
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Defense Attorney
Marriage

3. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
New York (Auburn) System
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Forfeiture

4. What is Duress?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Prison

5. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Social agent

6. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Restitution
18
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Furlough

7. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Probation
Subpoena
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

8. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Boot Camp

9. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
90%
Halfway House
Social agent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

10. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Higher
Diversion
Private attorneys

11. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Restorative Justice
Parole
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

12. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Shock Probation
Marriage
Assembly line
Minimum-Security Prison

13. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Penitentiary House
1.4 million
Marriage

14. Duties of probation officers
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Test for one's competents to stand trial

15. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Shock Probation
Minimum-Security Prison
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

16. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Penitentiary House
Make-believe family

17. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Young - male - minority - poor
Defense Attorney

18. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Restitution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

19. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

20. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Society expects them to be criminals
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

21. Competent Standard

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22. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Day Fees
Super Maximum-Security Prison
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

23. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The place and its charecteristics

24. Evidentiary Standard
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

25. Trial Process
Sentence served one after another
Highway Patrol
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
$200 billion

26. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Enter a plea
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

27. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
The views of powerful elites in society
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

28. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Public Defender
Grand Jury
Social agent
Society expects them to be criminals

29. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Maximum-Security
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

30. Verdict
Community Service Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Day Fees

31. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
The U.S. Marshall
New York (Auburn) System
Private attorneys
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

32. Statutory Jurisdiction
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Community Treatment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

33. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Diversion

34. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Pennsylvania System
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Recoupment

35. Right to be competent at trail

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36. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Enter a plea

37. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Assembly line
Work Release
Enter a plea

38. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Enter a plea
Society expects them to be criminals
Higher
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

39. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Defense Attorney
Trial by a judge without jury
House Arrest
Summer

40. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Self-defense and insanity
Social agent
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Work Release

41. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

42. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Social agent
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
A fixed term of incarceration
Furlough

43. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
New York (Auburn) System
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Property crimes
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

44. Alternative Correctional Institution
About 10 felony arrests per month
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

45. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

46. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

47. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Anger Managment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

48. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Anger Managment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Marriage

49. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Self-incrimination
Shock Probation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

50. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Substantive Rights