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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Community Treatment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

2. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Anger Managment
Maximum-Security

3. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defense Attorney
Day Fees
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

4. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Fine
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Public Defender

5. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
About 10 felony arrests per month

6. Bench Trial
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Penitentiary House
Trial by a judge without jury
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

7. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Society expects them to be criminals
Intake
Property crimes

8. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Shock Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Forfeiture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

9. Truth in Sentencing
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Went down steadily
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

10. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Maximum-Security
Enter a plea

11. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Recoupment
$200 billion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

12. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Assembly line
Private attorneys
Forfeiture
Established customs and traditions

13. Right to be competent at trail

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14. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Fine
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Diversion

15. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Diversion
Probation
nolle prosequi
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

16. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Marriage
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
House Arrest

17. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Anger Managment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
$200 billion

18. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
$200 billion
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

19. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Summer
Assembly line
Day Fees

20. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Boot Camp
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Obstacle course

21. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Substantive Rights

22. The sentence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Established customs and traditions

23. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
7 Million Americans
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

24. Concurrent Sentence
Social agent
Sentence served simultaneously
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young - male - minority - poor

25. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Private attorneys
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

26. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Parole
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Probation Rules

27. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

28. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
16
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Restitution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

29. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
nolle prosequi
90%

30. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
16

31. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Recoupment
Restorative Justice
Parole
Social agent

32. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Intake
Community Service Restitution
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

33. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Social agent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

34. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Community Treatment
About 10 felony arrests per month

35. Right to an impartial jury
The views of powerful elites in society
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

36. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Public Defender
Forfeiture

37. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Summer
Forfeiture
Sentence served one after another
Young - male - minority - poor

38. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
$200 billion
Assembly line
Subpoena
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

39. Argument against the Death Penalty
7 Million Americans
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

40. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
7 Million Americans
90%
Higher

41. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intake
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Fine

42. Women Imprisoned
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Total Instutution
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

43. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Enter a plea
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1.4 million

44. Right to an impartial judge
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Diversion
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

45. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Indigent Defendant
Make-believe family
Summer
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

46. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Sentence served simultaneously
A crime that is considered especially immoral

47. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Should treat people of different classes equitably
House Arrest
Indigent Defendant

48. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

49. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Summer
Obstacle course
Boot Camp

50. What are characteristics of inmates
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Young - male - minority - poor
Self-incrimination