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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Status Offenders
Community Service Restitution
Probation
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

2. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Forfeiture
The views of powerful elites in society
Public Defender

3. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Boot Camp
Furlough

4. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Private attorneys
New York (Auburn) System
Prison

5. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1.4 million
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

6. Jury Selection

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7. Three Strikes Law
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Anger Managment
Higher
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

8. Right to an impartial jury
18
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

9. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Anger Managment
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

10. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Subpoena
Self-defense and insanity

11. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
90%
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

12. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
The procedural criminal law
Day Fees
Subpoena
1.4 million

13. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Should treat people of different classes equitably
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The procedural criminal law

14. Determinate Sentencing
1.4 million
A fixed term of incarceration
Property crimes
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

15. Right to an impartial judge
Obstacle course
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

16. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
The local police
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Forfeiture

17. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Probation

18. Concurrent Jursidiction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

19. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Penitentiary House
A fixed term of incarceration
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The U.S. Marshall

20. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Maximum-Security
Shock Probation
Substantive Rights
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

21. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Were considered highly educated in their time period

22. Good time
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Increasing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

23. Indeterminate Sentencing
1.4 million
Fine
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
nolle prosequi

24. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

25. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Shock Incarceration
Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
16

26. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
$200 billion
Probation Rules
Minimum-Security Prison

27. Problems of Parole
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Parole

28. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
18
Substantive Rights
The place and its charecteristics
Should treat people of different classes equitably

29. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

30. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Intake
Public Defender

31. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
90%
The FBI
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1.4 million

32. What is Duress?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

33. Alternative Correctional Institution
Established customs and traditions
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Diversion
Probation

34. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Public Defender
The U.S. Marshall
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

35. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

36. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Sentence served simultaneously
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

37. Concurrent Sentence
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Sentence served simultaneously
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Shock Incarceration

38. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Work Release
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

39. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Public Defender
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

40. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The U.S. Marshall
The place and its charecteristics
Boot Camp
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

41. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Maximum-Security

42. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
About 10 felony arrests per month
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Pennsylvania System

43. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Summer
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

44. What are characteristics of inmates
Fine
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Defense Attorney
Young - male - minority - poor

45. Right to be competent at trail

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46. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Make-believe family
Intake
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Recoupment

47. Judicial Waiver
House Arrest
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
nolle prosequi
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

48. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Self-incrimination
$200 billion
Prison
Should treat people of different classes equitably

49. Delinquents
Established customs and traditions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Highway Patrol
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

50. Miranda Rights...
Prison
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

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