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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Women Imprisoned
Summer
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Fine

2. Mandatory Sentence
House Arrest
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The U.S. Marshall
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

3. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Property crimes
90%
Self-incrimination
The views of powerful elites in society

4. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Community Service Restitution

5. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Pennsylvania System
The place and its charecteristics
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Anger Managment

6. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Furlough
Intermediate Sanctions
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Prison

7. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Subpoena
Community Treatment
Boot Camp
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

8. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Established customs and traditions
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

9. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Society expects them to be criminals
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

10. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
18

11. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Minimum-Security Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral

12. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Trial by a judge without jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

13. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Defense Attorney
Restitution

14. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Self-incrimination
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Highway Patrol

15. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Highway Patrol
Defense Attorney
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

16. Delinquents
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Pennsylvania System
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

17. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
The local police
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Grand Jury

18. Capital Punishment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Property crimes

19. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Day Fees
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Subpoena

20. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Make-believe family
Intermediate Sanctions

21. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Self-incrimination
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

22. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The FBI
Self-incrimination
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Revocation

23. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Fine
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

24. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Fine
Total Instutution

25. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Went down steadily
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Anger Managment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

26. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
House Arrest
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Furlough
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

27. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Indigent Defendant
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

28. Determinate Sentencing
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Marriage
A fixed term of incarceration
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

29. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

30. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

31. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The U.S. Marshall
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

32. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
New York (Auburn) System
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

33. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Minimum-Security Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Probation

34. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Parole
Make-believe family
Sentence served one after another

35. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

36. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The procedural criminal law
Established customs and traditions
Total Instutution

37. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

38. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Social agent
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Higher

39. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Society expects them to be criminals
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Increasing

40. Right to confront witnesses
Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Highway Patrol
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

41. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
New York (Auburn) System
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Forfeiture

42. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Established customs and traditions
Parole
Young - male - minority - poor

43. Peremptory Challenge
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

44. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Shock Incarceration

45. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

46. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Probation
About 10 felony arrests per month
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

47. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Restitution
Probation
Restorative Justice

48. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Maximum-Security

49. Challenged for cause
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Social agent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

50. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Total Instutution