Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
nolle prosequi
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

2. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
A crime that is considered especially immoral
House Arrest

3. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Day Fees
Revocation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

4. Capital Punishment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Jail

5. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Revocation

6. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Public Defender
Penitentiary House
Furlough
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

7. What is Duress?
Grand Jury
Boot Camp
House Arrest
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

8. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
16
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

9. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Trial by a judge without jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Sentence served simultaneously
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

10. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
A fixed term of incarceration
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

11. Right to public trial
The FBI
Penitentiary House
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

12. Challenged for cause
Forfeiture
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

13. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Recoupment
Highway Patrol
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

14. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

15. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Public Defender
1.4 million
Young - male - minority - poor

16. Jury Selection

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

17. Probation failure correlates to...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1.4 million
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

18. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Pennsylvania System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Higher

19. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Property crimes
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

20. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Boot Camp

21. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Substantive Rights

22. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
18
7 Million Americans

23. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
About 10 felony arrests per month
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

24. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Indigent Defendant
7 Million Americans
Sentence served simultaneously

25. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Indigent Defendant
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

26. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Young - male - minority - poor
Restorative Justice
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

27. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Public Defender
Young - male - minority - poor
Marriage
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

28. Right to speedy trial
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
16
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

29. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Community Service Restitution
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Prison

30. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Jail
$200 billion
Total Instutution

31. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Minimum-Security Prison
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

32. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Defense Attorney
The local police
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

33. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
The U.S. Marshall
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The procedural criminal law

34. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Sentence served one after another

35. Duties of probation officers
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

36. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Self-incrimination
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
About 10 felony arrests per month
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

37. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Highway Patrol
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Halfway House

38. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Probation
The U.S. Marshall
Community Service Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

39. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Increasing
Self-incrimination
Were considered highly educated in their time period

40. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Forfeiture
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Increasing
Marriage

41. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Treatment
Maximum-Security
Highway Patrol

42. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Obstacle course
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Subpoena

43. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Established customs and traditions
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

44. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Intake

45. What is General Deterrence?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Community Service Restitution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

46. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Established customs and traditions
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Increasing

47. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Social agent
Restitution
Pre-Sentence Investigation

48. Motion for a direct verdict
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
A fixed term of incarceration

49. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

50. Peremptory Challenge
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt