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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Revocation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

2. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Penitentiary House
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Obstacle course
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

3. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
nolle prosequi
Indigent Defendant
The U.S. Marshall

4. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
16
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The procedural criminal law
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

5. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Halfway House
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Furlough

6. Concurrent Sentence
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Test for one's competents to stand trial

7. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Went down steadily
Boot Camp
Community Treatment
Intake

8. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Private attorneys

9. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
The FBI
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

10. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Assembly line
Subpoena
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Shock Probation

11. Peremptory Challenge
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Assembly line
Sentence served one after another
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

12. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The FBI
Summer

13. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Property crimes
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Self-incrimination

14. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Went down steadily
Probation
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

15. Good time
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

16. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Restorative Justice
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

17. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Prison
Grand Jury
Boot Camp
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

18. Competent Standard

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19. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Make-believe family
Social agent
Pre-Sentence Investigation

20. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Anger Managment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

21. Right to public trial
Work Release
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Boot Camp

22. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Indigent Defendant
Super Maximum-Security Prison

23. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
New York (Auburn) System
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

24. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Young - male - minority - poor

25. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The views of powerful elites in society
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

26. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Established customs and traditions
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Recoupment

27. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The FBI

28. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Self-defense and insanity
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

29. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Boot Camp
Shock Probation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

30. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Maximum-Security
Trial by a judge without jury
Social agent
The place and its charecteristics

31. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Summer
1.4 million
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

32. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Defense Attorney
Marriage
Higher
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

33. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Probation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

34. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Parole
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Jail

35. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Enter a plea
Intermediate Sanctions
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

36. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Total Instutution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

37. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Diversion
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Parole

38. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Total Instutution
Defense Attorney

39. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Pennsylvania System
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Probation

40. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
90%
Intermediate Sanctions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

41. Right to counsel
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The U.S. Marshall
Parole
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

42. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
New York (Auburn) System
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

43. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Fine
Subpoena
$200 billion
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

44. Alternative Correctional Institution
Make-believe family
Work Release
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

45. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
16
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

46. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Increasing
Intermediate Sanctions
Indigent Defendant

47. Motion for a direct verdict
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
18
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

48. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Shock Incarceration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Prison

49. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Restorative Justice
Shock Incarceration
Recoupment

50. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification