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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Fine
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

2. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Young - male - minority - poor
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Self-defense and insanity
Highway Patrol

3. Problem of Re-entry
The procedural criminal law
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

4. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Maximum-Security
Shock Probation

5. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Enter a plea
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Fine

6. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Restorative Justice
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

7. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Substantive Rights

8. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Social agent
Public Defender
Total Instutution
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

9. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
The procedural criminal law
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Assembly line

10. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
1.4 million
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Restorative Justice
Revocation

11. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Self-defense and insanity

12. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Shock Probation

13. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The FBI

14. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

15. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Pennsylvania System
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
16
Trial by a judge without jury

16. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Higher
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1.4 million

17. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
16
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Should treat people of different classes equitably
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

18. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Community Treatment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Private attorneys

19. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The FBI
Sentence served simultaneously
Penitentiary House
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

20. Models of sentencing
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Anger Managment

21. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
7 Million Americans
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

22. Determinate Sentencing
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
A fixed term of incarceration
Social agent
Boot Camp

23. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Intermediate Sanctions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Should treat people of different classes equitably

24. Right to counsel
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

25. Verdict
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Revocation
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Were considered highly educated in their time period

26. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1.4 million

27. The sentence
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The place and its charecteristics
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

28. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Boot Camp
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
7 Million Americans
$200 billion

29. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Boot Camp
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Community Service Restitution
Substantive Rights

30. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Defense Attorney
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

31. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Sentence served one after another
Public Defender
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

32. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Higher
Day Fees
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Grand Jury

33. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Make-believe family
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Day Fees

34. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

35. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

36. Right to compulsory process
Obstacle course
The local police
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Make-believe family

37. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Anger Managment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

38. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Highway Patrol
Property crimes
Fine
90%

39. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
The U.S. Marshall
16
Enter a plea
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

40. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
A fixed term of incarceration
The place and its charecteristics
Defense Attorney
Summer

41. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Subpoena

42. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The FBI
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Community Treatment
New York (Auburn) System

43. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Marriage
Increasing
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

44. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Probation Rules
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

45. Probation failure correlates to...
A fixed term of incarceration
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Society expects them to be criminals

46. Three Strikes Law
Sentence served one after another
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

47. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Community Service Restitution
Shock Incarceration
Community Treatment

48. Right to be competent at trail
18
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

49. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Trial by a judge without jury
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Community Service Restitution

50. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Trial by a judge without jury
Forfeiture
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

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