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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Self-defense and insanity

2. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

3. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Obstacle course
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Halfway House

4. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
About 10 felony arrests per month

5. Right to compulsory process
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
New York (Auburn) System

6. Duties of probation officers
The U.S. Marshall
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

7. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Shock Incarceration
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Revocation
The procedural criminal law

8. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
nolle prosequi

9. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Society expects them to be criminals
Jail

10. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Obstacle course
Pennsylvania System
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

11. What is Duress?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

12. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Total Instutution
Restitution

13. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Sentence served simultaneously
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

14. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Established customs and traditions
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Society expects them to be criminals

15. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Highway Patrol
Community Service Restitution

16. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Work Release
Restitution

17. Indeterminate Sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
90%
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

18. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Work Release
Subpoena
Shock Incarceration
A fixed term of incarceration

19. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Community Service Restitution
Furlough
Property crimes
Summer

20. Truth in Sentencing
Work Release
Shock Incarceration
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Went down steadily

21. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Intermediate Sanctions
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Private attorneys
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

22. Three Strikes Law
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Substantive Rights
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

23. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
$200 billion
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Assembly line
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

24. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Forfeiture

25. Consecutive sentence
Established customs and traditions
Sentence served one after another
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

26. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Halfway House
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Shock Probation

27. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Intake
Fine
Defense Attorney

28. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Probation Rules
Highway Patrol
Intermediate Sanctions
Super Maximum-Security Prison

29. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Recoupment
Minimum-Security Prison

30. Jury Selection

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31. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
New York (Auburn) System
Furlough
Penitentiary House
Trial by a judge without jury

32. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
nolle prosequi
Probation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

33. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

34. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Shock Incarceration
Self-incrimination
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

35. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
The place and its charecteristics
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Were considered highly educated in their time period
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

36. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Intermediate Sanctions
Young - male - minority - poor
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

37. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Public Defender
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

38. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Community Service Restitution
Defense Attorney
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Grand Jury

39. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Higher
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Shock Incarceration
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

40. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Boot Camp
Shock Incarceration

41. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Probation
Private attorneys

42. What are characteristics of inmates
$200 billion
Young - male - minority - poor
Shock Incarceration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

43. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Increasing

44. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Test for one's competents to stand trial
$200 billion
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

45. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Went down steadily
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

46. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Probation

47. Right to public trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Probation

48. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The local police
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

49. Bench Trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Trial by a judge without jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Parole

50. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Whether the person intentionally committed the act