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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Diversion
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

2. Determinate Sentencing
Trial by a judge without jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
A fixed term of incarceration
Obstacle course

3. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Marriage
Prison
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

4. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Anger Managment
Day Fees
Property crimes

5. Indeterminate Sentencing
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Fine
Property crimes
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

6. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

7. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Self-incrimination
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Pre-Sentence Investigation

8. Models of sentencing
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Probation Rules
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Established customs and traditions

9. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Defense Attorney
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Super Maximum-Security Prison

10. Delinquents
Halfway House
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
nolle prosequi
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

11. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Assembly line

12. What is General Deterrence?
7 Million Americans
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
nolle prosequi
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

13. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Went down steadily
The FBI
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

14. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Public Defender
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

15. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Probation Rules
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Forfeiture
Self-incrimination

16. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation Rules
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

17. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Recoupment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Social agent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

18. Probation failure correlates to...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

19. Jury Selection
16
Intake
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Society expects them to be criminals

20. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Grand Jury
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

21. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Marriage
Recoupment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

22. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

23. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Indigent Defendant
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

24. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Intake
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

25. What is Duress?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Boot Camp
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

26. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Forfeiture
Minimum-Security Prison
Diversion

27. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Total Instutution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

28. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Shock Incarceration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

29. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Went down steadily
The place and its charecteristics

30. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The procedural criminal law
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The views of powerful elites in society

31. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Enter a plea
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
House Arrest

32. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Enter a plea
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

33. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

34. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Self-defense and insanity
Prison
Forfeiture

35. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

36. Consecutive sentence
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Defense Attorney
Sentence served one after another

37. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 10 felony arrests per month
Jail
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

38. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
$200 billion
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Substantive Rights
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

39. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Probation Rules
Revocation
About 10 felony arrests per month

40. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Summer
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Enter a plea

41. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Furlough
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

42. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Public Defender
Day Fees
Established customs and traditions

43. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

44. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
7 Million Americans
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
16
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

45. The substantive criminal law...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

46. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Restorative Justice

47. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Restitution
Revocation
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
A crime that is considered especially immoral

48. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
1.4 million
Day Fees
Intake
Sentence served one after another

49. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Intermediate Sanctions
Community Treatment

50. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Sentence served simultaneously
Intermediate Sanctions
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

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