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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Higher
Obstacle course
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
House Arrest

2. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
The views of powerful elites in society
nolle prosequi
Should treat people of different classes equitably
16

3. Competent Standard

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4. Status Offenders
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

5. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
90%
Grand Jury
1.4 million
Society expects them to be criminals

6. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Intermediate Sanctions
16
Restorative Justice

7. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Forfeiture
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

8. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Went down steadily

9. Right to be competent at trail

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10. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Forfeiture
The place and its charecteristics
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

11. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
7 Million Americans
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Sentence served one after another
Increasing

12. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Social agent
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

13. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
A crime that is considered especially immoral

14. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Fine
Self-incrimination
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

15. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Defense Attorney
About 10 felony arrests per month
Public Defender
Pre-Sentence Investigation

16. What are characteristics of inmates
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Young - male - minority - poor
Work Release
Maximum-Security

17. Consecutive sentence
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served one after another
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

18. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
House Arrest
16

19. Evidentiary Standard
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Higher
Increasing
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

20. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
A fixed term of incarceration
Shock Probation
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

21. Trial Process
Marriage
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
16
Anger Managment

22. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Maximum-Security
90%
Increasing
Restitution

23. Goals of Punishment
Established customs and traditions
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Private attorneys

24. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Marriage
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

25. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Community Treatment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Minimum-Security Prison

26. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Society expects them to be criminals

27. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

28. What is Duress?
Highway Patrol
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

29. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The FBI

30. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Restorative Justice
Work Release
The place and its charecteristics
Maximum-Security

31. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Revocation
Property crimes

32. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Defense Attorney
16

33. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Restitution

34. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Assembly line

35. Concurrent Jursidiction
16
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

36. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Indigent Defendant
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Community Treatment
Society expects them to be criminals

37. Right to public trial
Anger Managment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

38. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Boot Camp
nolle prosequi
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

39. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Sentence served one after another

40. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
7 Million Americans
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
18
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

41. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Community Treatment
Anger Managment
Private attorneys
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

42. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Society expects them to be criminals
Make-believe family
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Shock Incarceration

43. Probation failure correlates to...
Intake
Grand Jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Assembly line

44. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Day Fees
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

45. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Established customs and traditions
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Community Service Restitution
Furlough

46. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Should treat people of different classes equitably

47. Miranda Rights...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
New York (Auburn) System
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

48. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Penitentiary House

49. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
nolle prosequi
Defense Attorney
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

50. Three Strikes Law
Young - male - minority - poor
Highway Patrol
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

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