Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
The views of powerful elites in society
Intake
Public Defender
Defense Attorney

2. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Established customs and traditions
Defense Attorney
Went down steadily
Maximum-Security

3. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
$200 billion
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

4. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Total Instutution

5. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

6. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Total Instutution
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

7. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Diversion
1.4 million
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

8. Consecutive sentence
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Private attorneys
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Sentence served one after another

9. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Young - male - minority - poor
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Should treat people of different classes equitably

10. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Community Service Restitution
90%
Work Release
Forfeiture

11. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Indigent Defendant
Parole

12. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Social agent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Established customs and traditions

13. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Subpoena

14. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Self-incrimination
Increasing
Established customs and traditions
Day Fees

15. Good time
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Restitution

16. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Higher
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Diversion
Work Release

17. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Anger Managment
Probation Rules
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

18. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Intake
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
House Arrest

19. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

20. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Defense Attorney
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Day Fees

21. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Summer
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

22. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
The local police
The FBI
Boot Camp
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

23. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Community Treatment
Recoupment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

24. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Self-defense and insanity
Public Defender
Subpoena

25. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
1.4 million
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

26. Right to public trial
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Pennsylvania System
Community Service Restitution

27. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Society expects them to be criminals
Restitution
The place and its charecteristics

28. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Substantive Rights
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Property crimes

29. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Subpoena

30. Capital Punishment
Went down steadily
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

31. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Probation Rules
Indigent Defendant
The U.S. Marshall

32. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The U.S. Marshall
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Make-believe family

33. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
The views of powerful elites in society
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
90%

34. Concurrent Jursidiction
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Probation Rules
Social agent

35. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Society expects them to be criminals
Revocation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

36. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
About 10 felony arrests per month
Recoupment

37. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Indigent Defendant
Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

38. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Grand Jury
Private attorneys
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

39. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Substantive Rights
The place and its charecteristics
Penitentiary House

40. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Assembly line
Restorative Justice

41. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

42. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Penitentiary House

43. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
18
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

44. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Intake
Subpoena
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Social agent

45. Motion for a direct verdict
Make-believe family
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

46. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Private attorneys
Minimum-Security Prison
Total Instutution

47. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Society expects them to be criminals
Revocation

48. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Penitentiary House
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

49. Truth in Sentencing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
90%
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

50. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Grand Jury
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide