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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Concurrent Jursidiction
Sentence served one after another
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Sentence served simultaneously

2. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Public Defender

3. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Marriage
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Summer
Highway Patrol

4. Consecutive sentence
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Marriage
Sentence served one after another
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

5. Right to confront witnesses
Revocation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Furlough
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

6. Competent Standard

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7. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Were considered highly educated in their time period

8. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
90%

9. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Maximum-Security
Prison

10. Three Strikes Law
Anger Managment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

11. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Social agent
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Enter a plea
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

12. What is General Deterrence?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Probation Rules
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

13. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Subpoena
Boot Camp
Social agent
Went down steadily

14. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
About 10 felony arrests per month
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Forfeiture

15. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Shock Probation
Highway Patrol
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
18

16. Problem of Re-entry
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Self-defense and insanity
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

17. What are characteristics of inmates
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Work Release
Young - male - minority - poor
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

18. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
The local police
Assembly line
Boot Camp

19. Truth in Sentencing
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Recoupment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

20. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

21. Miranda Rights...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Halfway House
$200 billion

22. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Higher
Enter a plea
Defense Attorney

23. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Anger Managment
Shock Incarceration
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The procedural criminal law

24. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Trial by a judge without jury
Increasing
Total Instutution
Community Service Restitution

25. Bench Trial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Community Treatment
Trial by a judge without jury
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

26. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Intermediate Sanctions
Intake

27. Right to an impartial jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

28. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

29. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Self-defense and insanity
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

30. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Public Defender
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Total Instutution
The place and its charecteristics

31. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Total Instutution
Forfeiture
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Assembly line

32. Right to counsel
The U.S. Marshall
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Probation

33. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Shock Probation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Diversion

34. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Should treat people of different classes equitably

35. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
18
Parole
Private attorneys

36. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
16
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
About 10 felony arrests per month

37. Duties of probation officers
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Halfway House

38. Right to compulsory process
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Higher
Intake

39. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
16
18
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Assembly line

40. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
About 10 felony arrests per month

41. Jury Selection

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42. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Self-defense and insanity
Test for one's competents to stand trial

43. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Established customs and traditions
Intermediate Sanctions
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

44. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Public Defender
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

45. The substantive criminal law...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Parole
Indigent Defendant
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

46. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Probation Rules
A fixed term of incarceration

47. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Jail
Society expects them to be criminals
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

48. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Revocation
Super Maximum-Security Prison

49. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Minimum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

50. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Society expects them to be criminals
Summer
Assembly line
Prison