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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Intake
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Maximum-Security

2. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Shock Incarceration
90%

3. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
The place and its charecteristics
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Defense Attorney
About 10 felony arrests per month

4. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

5. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
New York (Auburn) System
Jail

6. Right to public trial
The U.S. Marshall
Make-believe family
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

7. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The views of powerful elites in society
Society expects them to be criminals
Indigent Defendant

8. Goals of Punishment
Assembly line
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The U.S. Marshall
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

9. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

10. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

11. Duties of probation officers
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Restitution

12. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
The views of powerful elites in society
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Pre-Sentence Investigation

13. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

14. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Established customs and traditions
Private attorneys

15. Competent Standard

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16. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Restitution
Defense Attorney

17. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Trial by a judge without jury

18. Argument against the Death Penalty
Established customs and traditions
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Revocation
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

19. Peremptory Challenge
Private attorneys
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

20. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
House Arrest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

21. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Sentence served one after another
Shock Probation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

22. Right to counsel
16
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Indigent Defendant
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

23. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Probation Rules
Recoupment

24. Trial Process
Make-believe family
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

25. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Fine
About 10 felony arrests per month
Community Service Restitution

26. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Maximum-Security
Parole
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

27. Consecutive sentence
Day Fees
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Sentence served one after another

28. Verdict
Grand Jury
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Went down steadily

29. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Penitentiary House
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

30. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Property crimes
Indigent Defendant
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

31. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Probation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

32. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Probation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

33. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Young - male - minority - poor
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

34. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restorative Justice
Revocation

35. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Increasing
Restitution
Subpoena
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

36. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Social agent
The views of powerful elites in society
Trial by a judge without jury
Shock Incarceration

37. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
90%
Fine
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

38. Motion for a direct verdict
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Boot Camp
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

39. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Make-believe family
Should treat people of different classes equitably

40. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
18
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The FBI

41. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
90%
A crime that is considered especially immoral

42. What are characteristics of inmates
Defense Attorney
Young - male - minority - poor
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

43. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Shock Incarceration
Substantive Rights
Property crimes
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

44. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Shock Probation
Society expects them to be criminals
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

45. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Day Fees
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

46. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Make-believe family
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Anger Managment

47. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Jail

48. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Anger Managment

49. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Fine
Recoupment

50. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Furlough
Went down steadily
Social agent