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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The procedural criminal law

2. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
New York (Auburn) System
Shock Probation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

3. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Fine

4. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The views of powerful elites in society

5. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Revocation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

6. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Went down steadily
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The U.S. Marshall

7. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The procedural criminal law
Self-defense and insanity
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

8. Three Strikes Law
Private attorneys
Probation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

9. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Assembly line
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Self-incrimination
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

10. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

11. Right to an impartial jury
Jail
The views of powerful elites in society
Young - male - minority - poor
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

12. Right to counsel
Established customs and traditions
18
Pennsylvania System
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

13. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The procedural criminal law
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

14. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
7 Million Americans
Trial by a judge without jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

15. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Intermediate Sanctions
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Fine
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

16. Right to compulsory process
Day Fees
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

17. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1.4 million
Restitution
Marriage

18. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Obstacle course
Maximum-Security
Make-believe family

19. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Probation Rules
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
House Arrest
Furlough

20. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
House Arrest
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Self-defense and insanity

21. Consecutive sentence
Assembly line
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Sentence served one after another

22. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Established customs and traditions
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Defense Attorney
Minimum-Security Prison

23. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1.4 million
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

24. Duties of probation officers
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

25. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Substantive Rights
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

26. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Self-defense and insanity
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Private attorneys

27. Right to confront witnesses
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Pennsylvania System

28. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

29. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Grand Jury

30. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Enter a plea
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

31. Concurrent Sentence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
$200 billion
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Sentence served simultaneously

32. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Halfway House
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Intermediate Sanctions
The place and its charecteristics

33. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Went down steadily
1.4 million
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Obstacle course
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

35. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Community Service Restitution
Minimum-Security Prison
Day Fees

36. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Probation Rules
Prison
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

37. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Shock Incarceration
Social agent

38. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Parole
1.4 million
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

39. Right to speedy trial
Shock Probation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

40. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
7 Million Americans

41. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Highway Patrol

42. Women Imprisoned
Community Treatment
About 10 felony arrests per month
New York (Auburn) System
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

43. Good time
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

44. Delinquents
Higher
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Subpoena

45. Mandatory Sentence
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

46. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Intake
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

47. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Highway Patrol
House Arrest
18
90%

48. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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49. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
A fixed term of incarceration
Self-defense and insanity
Were considered highly educated in their time period

50. Goals of Punishment
Community Treatment
The FBI
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution