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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Problems of Parole
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

2. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Halfway House
Maximum-Security
Young - male - minority - poor

3. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Private attorneys
Property crimes
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

4. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Work Release
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

5. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Defense Attorney
Assembly line
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

6. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
A fixed term of incarceration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
New York (Auburn) System
Work Release

7. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Summer
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The local police

8. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Boot Camp
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

9. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Total Instutution

10. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

11. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
House Arrest
Subpoena
New York (Auburn) System

12. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Community Treatment
Furlough
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

13. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Increasing
Penitentiary House
Established customs and traditions

14. Right to compulsory process
Marriage
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

15. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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16. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
House Arrest
Minimum-Security Prison

17. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Summer
Went down steadily
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

18. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

19. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

20. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Minimum-Security Prison
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The local police

21. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Summer
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Grand Jury

22. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Subpoena
Sentence served one after another
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Prison

23. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Community Treatment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

24. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Social agent

25. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Penitentiary House
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Young - male - minority - poor
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

26. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
16
Halfway House

27. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Established customs and traditions
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

28. Concurrent Jursidiction
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

29. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

30. Capital Punishment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
16

31. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Marriage
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

32. Right to be competent at trail

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33. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Shock Probation
Summer

34. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
House Arrest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Forfeiture

35. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Shock Incarceration
Subpoena
Indigent Defendant

36. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Total Instutution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

37. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Day Fees
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Went down steadily

38. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
nolle prosequi
Indigent Defendant
Diversion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

39. What is General Deterrence?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Intake

40. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Probation Rules
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

41. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

42. Truth in Sentencing
Young - male - minority - poor
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Probation Rules
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

43. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Make-believe family
Higher

44. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Self-incrimination
Work Release
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

45. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Substantive Rights
House Arrest
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

46. Right to an impartial judge
Penitentiary House
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Test for one's competents to stand trial

47. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

48. Motion for a direct verdict
Intermediate Sanctions
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

49. Peremptory Challenge
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
18
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Shock Incarceration

50. Indeterminate Sentencing
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Subpoena
Should treat people of different classes equitably

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Criminal Justice

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