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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Shock Incarceration
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

2. The sentence
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

3. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Self-incrimination
Revocation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Fine

4. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Make-believe family
90%
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Substantive Rights

5. Right to public trial
About 10 felony arrests per month
Established customs and traditions
Substantive Rights
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

6. Argument against the Death Penalty
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Summer

7. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The procedural criminal law
Fine
Should treat people of different classes equitably

8. Right to confront witnesses
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Anger Managment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

9. Good time
Probation Rules
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

10. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Summer
7 Million Americans
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Anger Managment

11. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Sentence served one after another
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
House Arrest
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

12. Status Offenders
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Self-defense and insanity
Indigent Defendant
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

13. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Intermediate Sanctions
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Day Fees
Shock Probation

14. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
A fixed term of incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Parole
Increasing

15. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Self-defense and insanity
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

16. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
$200 billion
House Arrest
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

17. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
nolle prosequi
Shock Incarceration
Parole
Subpoena

18. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Society expects them to be criminals

19. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The local police
The FBI
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The U.S. Marshall

20. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Highway Patrol
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

21. What is General Deterrence?
Boot Camp
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

22. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Restorative Justice
The local police
About 10 felony arrests per month
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

23. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Minimum-Security Prison
New York (Auburn) System
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Substantive Rights

24. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Assembly line
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

25. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Revocation
Probation

26. Arguments for the Death Penalty
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Self-incrimination
Society expects them to be criminals

27. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

28. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Substantive Rights
Minimum-Security Prison
Restorative Justice
The views of powerful elites in society

29. Right to compulsory process
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Minimum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

30. Concurrent Sentence
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Fine
Community Service Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously

31. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Restorative Justice
Enter a plea
Intake
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

32. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Marriage
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Summer
Intermediate Sanctions

33. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation
Summer
$200 billion

34. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Established customs and traditions
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Total Instutution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

35. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Penitentiary House
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Obstacle course
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

36. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Self-incrimination
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

37. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Day Fees
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

38. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Subpoena
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation Rules
Social agent

39. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Restitution
Public Defender

40. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Society expects them to be criminals
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

41. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1.4 million
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

42. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Pre-Sentence Investigation

43. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Anger Managment
Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Assembly line

44. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1.4 million

45. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Probation Rules
Private attorneys
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

46. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Revocation
Furlough
Marriage
Restorative Justice

47. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Pennsylvania System
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Higher

48. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
16
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

49. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
A fixed term of incarceration
Day Fees
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

50. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Society expects them to be criminals
Subpoena

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