Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Indeterminate Sentencing
Substantive Rights
Summer
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

2. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Increasing
Prison
Restorative Justice

3. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Indigent Defendant
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

4. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Went down steadily
Halfway House

5. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Community Treatment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

6. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Defense Attorney
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Obstacle course

7. Delinquents
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The place and its charecteristics
Minimum-Security Prison
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

8. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
90%
The local police
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

9. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
About 10 felony arrests per month

10. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

11. Right to public trial
Parole
Pennsylvania System
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Pre-Sentence Investigation

12. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
18
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Restorative Justice

13. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
18
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

14. Miranda Rights...
Defense Attorney
Increasing
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

15. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Assembly line
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

16. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The procedural criminal law

17. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Substantive Rights
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

18. Peremptory Challenge
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

19. Argument against the Death Penalty
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

20. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Anger Managment
Obstacle course
Pennsylvania System

21. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Halfway House
Marriage
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

22. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Recoupment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Defense Attorney

23. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Sentence served one after another
Enter a plea
Furlough
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

24. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Sentence served one after another
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Marriage
Parole

25. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Assembly line
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

26. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Penitentiary House
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

27. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1.4 million
Increasing

28. Right to confront witnesses
Parole
Community Treatment
Marriage
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

29. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Community Treatment
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Restitution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

30. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Boot Camp
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

31. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Private attorneys
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

32. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Property crimes
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

33. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Shock Incarceration
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

34. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Indigent Defendant
Parole

35. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
A crime that is considered especially immoral
$200 billion
New York (Auburn) System
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

36. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Sentence served simultaneously
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

37. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Fine
New York (Auburn) System
The FBI
Penitentiary House

38. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Community Service Restitution
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Probation

39. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Make-believe family
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Diversion

40. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Highway Patrol

41. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
nolle prosequi
Public Defender
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Social agent

42. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Indigent Defendant
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

43. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Highway Patrol
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

44. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Minimum-Security Prison
1.4 million
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

45. Right to be competent at trail

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

46. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
18
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

47. Trial Process
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Halfway House
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
18

48. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Defense Attorney
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Prison

49. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Day Fees
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Diversion

50. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Diversion
Penitentiary House
Fine
Self-incrimination