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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
7 Million Americans
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

2. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
90%
Self-incrimination
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

3. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
House Arrest
Established customs and traditions

4. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Marriage
Parole
Restitution

5. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Make-believe family
Diversion

6. Duties of probation officers
Minimum-Security Prison
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Forfeiture

7. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Shock Probation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

8. Right to speedy trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Diversion
Make-believe family

9. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Boot Camp
A fixed term of incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

10. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
The local police
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
nolle prosequi
Established customs and traditions

11. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Highway Patrol

12. Right to compulsory process
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Make-believe family

13. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

14. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Summer
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

15. What is General Deterrence?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

16. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Make-believe family
Highway Patrol
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

17. Delinquents
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

18. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
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Highway Patrol

19. Statutory Jurisdiction
House Arrest
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Revocation

20. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Restitution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

21. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Make-believe family
Grand Jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Increasing

22. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Assembly line
Community Treatment
Work Release
Probation

23. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Marriage

24. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Assembly line
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

25. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Intermediate Sanctions
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

26. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Obstacle course

27. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The U.S. Marshall
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

28. Status Offenders
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Make-believe family
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

29. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
The procedural criminal law
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Assembly line

30. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Higher
Highway Patrol
Work Release

31. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
90%
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

32. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Public Defender
Marriage
Community Treatment

33. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Work Release
House Arrest
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

34. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Summer
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

35. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
7 Million Americans
Highway Patrol
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

36. Motion for a direct verdict
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

37. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Parole

38. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The views of powerful elites in society

39. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Intermediate Sanctions
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

40. Evidentiary Standard
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Shock Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Obstacle course

41. Bench Trial
Pennsylvania System
Summer
Social agent
Trial by a judge without jury

42. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Sentence served simultaneously
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

43. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Forfeiture
Recoupment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Private attorneys

44. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Were considered highly educated in their time period

45. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Established customs and traditions
The procedural criminal law
Property crimes
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

46. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Total Instutution

47. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
$200 billion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Trial by a judge without jury
Self-incrimination

48. Good time
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
nolle prosequi
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

49. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
About 10 felony arrests per month
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

50. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Property crimes
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
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