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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Grand Jury
Prison

2. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Established customs and traditions
Trial by a judge without jury
Went down steadily
House Arrest

3. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
New York (Auburn) System
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Intermediate Sanctions
Day Fees

4. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Defense Attorney
Halfway House
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

5. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Increasing
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Jail

6. Right to speedy trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Total Instutution
Established customs and traditions

7. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
$200 billion
90%
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

8. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

9. Right to an impartial judge
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Fine

10. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Intermediate Sanctions
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

11. Problems of Parole
Probation Rules
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Probation

12. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Sentence served simultaneously
Established customs and traditions
Fine
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

13. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
$200 billion
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

14. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Self-incrimination
House Arrest
Private attorneys
The views of powerful elites in society

15. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Social agent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Total Instutution

16. Models of sentencing
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

17. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Fine
Property crimes

18. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
The procedural criminal law
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Were considered highly educated in their time period

19. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
nolle prosequi
The views of powerful elites in society
Restorative Justice
Day Fees

20. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Marriage
Indigent Defendant
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Prison

21. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The procedural criminal law
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

22. Right to be competent at trail

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23. Alternative Correctional Institution
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

24. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
The FBI
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
nolle prosequi
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

25. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
nolle prosequi
Property crimes

26. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Community Service Restitution
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
A fixed term of incarceration
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

27. Status Offenders
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

28. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Trial by a judge without jury
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Sentence served simultaneously
Minimum-Security Prison

29. Determinate Sentencing
Assembly line
Were considered highly educated in their time period
A fixed term of incarceration
Grand Jury

30. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Higher
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Society expects them to be criminals
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

31. Competent Standard

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32. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Marriage
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Work Release
About 10 felony arrests per month

33. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Diversion
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Higher

34. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Established customs and traditions
A crime that is considered especially immoral
7 Million Americans

35. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Furlough
Shock Incarceration
Social agent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

36. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society
Fine
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

37. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Obstacle course
Public Defender
7 Million Americans

38. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

39. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The views of powerful elites in society

40. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
The procedural criminal law
Substantive Rights
Make-believe family

41. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Community Service Restitution
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Maximum-Security
Property crimes

42. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
$200 billion
Probation Rules
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

43. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Self-incrimination
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Make-believe family

44. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Community Treatment
7 Million Americans
Public Defender
About 10 felony arrests per month

45. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Restorative Justice
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Defense Attorney
Community Service Restitution

46. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Assembly line

47. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Trial by a judge without jury
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
nolle prosequi

48. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Probation

49. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Shock Probation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Revocation
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Treatment
Increasing
Day Fees