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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Make-believe family

2. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Self-incrimination

3. Consecutive sentence
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Sentence served one after another
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

4. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

5. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Work Release
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

6. Problems of Parole
Recoupment
Restitution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

7. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Recoupment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

8. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Community Service Restitution
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

9. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
1.4 million
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
nolle prosequi
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

10. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
7 Million Americans
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The place and its charecteristics

11. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Anger Managment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

12. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Young - male - minority - poor
18
Indigent Defendant

13. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
The place and its charecteristics
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

14. What is General Deterrence?
Pennsylvania System
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Self-incrimination
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

15. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Parole
The procedural criminal law

16. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Revocation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

17. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Parole
Enter a plea
Prison

18. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Indigent Defendant
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Enter a plea
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

19. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Day Fees
Make-believe family
Sentence served one after another
Grand Jury

20. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Total Instutution

21. Evidentiary Standard
Penitentiary House
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

22. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The procedural criminal law
Total Instutution
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

23. Competent Standard

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24. Judicial Waiver
Make-believe family
Revocation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Public Defender

25. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Minimum-Security Prison
Summer
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

26. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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27. The sentence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Obstacle course
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

28. Problem of Re-entry
Jail
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Substantive Rights

29. Argument against the Death Penalty
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

30. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Society expects them to be criminals
Private attorneys
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Social agent

31. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The FBI
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

32. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Increasing
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

33. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Halfway House
The local police
Prison

34. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
18
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Young - male - minority - poor
Public Defender

35. Factors that Influence Sentencing
$200 billion
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
New York (Auburn) System
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

36. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Enter a plea
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Work Release

37. The substantive criminal law...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

38. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Make-believe family
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Shock Incarceration

39. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Grand Jury
A crime that is considered especially immoral

40. Mandatory Sentence
Forfeiture
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

41. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Established customs and traditions
Enter a plea
Revocation

42. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

43. Right to speedy trial
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Community Service Restitution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Pre-Sentence Investigation

44. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
The local police
Probation
$200 billion
The U.S. Marshall

45. Trial Process
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

46. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Intermediate Sanctions
The U.S. Marshall
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

47. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The FBI
Self-defense and insanity
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

48. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Revocation
Pre-Sentence Investigation

49. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Prison
Fine
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

50. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Halfway House
Pre-Sentence Investigation
About 10 felony arrests per month

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