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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Concurrent Sentence
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Total Instutution
Sentence served simultaneously

2. Judicial Waiver
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Should treat people of different classes equitably

3. Trial Process
Highway Patrol
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Public Defender
Super Maximum-Security Prison

4. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Revocation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Increasing

5. Right to an impartial judge
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1.4 million
Community Treatment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

6. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Self-defense and insanity
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Boot Camp

7. Truth in Sentencing
About 10 felony arrests per month
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

8. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Obstacle course
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

9. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Property crimes
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Defense Attorney
Substantive Rights

10. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Social agent
Work Release
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

11. Determinate Sentencing
The views of powerful elites in society
A fixed term of incarceration
Minimum-Security Prison
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

12. Miranda Rights...
1.4 million
Marriage
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

13. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Marriage
Total Instutution
Assembly line
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

14. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Restorative Justice
The place and its charecteristics
Society expects them to be criminals
Private attorneys

15. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
18

16. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Day Fees
Minimum-Security Prison

17. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
16
Substantive Rights
Private attorneys
Higher

18. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Boot Camp
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Anger Managment
Property crimes

19. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Parole
Enter a plea
Self-defense and insanity
Shock Incarceration

20. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Young - male - minority - poor
Society expects them to be criminals
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

21. Right to be competent at trail

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22. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Total Instutution
16
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

23. Right to compulsory process
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

24. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Summer
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

25. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

26. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Self-incrimination

27. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
$200 billion
The FBI

28. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Substantive Rights

29. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Parole
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Restitution
Probation

30. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

31. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Shock Incarceration
Super Maximum-Security Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Furlough

32. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Diversion
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

33. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
90%
Prison
Highway Patrol
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

34. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

35. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

36. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Indigent Defendant

37. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Increasing

38. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Halfway House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Community Treatment

39. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Indigent Defendant

40. Competent Standard

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41. Right to speedy trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

42. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Maximum-Security
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Increasing

43. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
The U.S. Marshall
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

44. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Diversion
The place and its charecteristics
Assembly line
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

45. Right to counsel
Furlough
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

46. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
90%
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

47. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Established customs and traditions
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

48. Challenged for cause
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Pennsylvania System
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

49. Concurrent Jursidiction
Restitution
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
$200 billion

50. Women Imprisoned
Probation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Most are in minimum security and are less violent