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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Judicial Waiver
Make-believe family
Community Treatment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

2. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

3. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Public Defender
Highway Patrol
1.4 million
The local police

4. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Prison
Self-incrimination
Subpoena
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

5. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Grand Jury
Fine
16

6. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Highway Patrol
Public Defender

7. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
The views of powerful elites in society
Intake
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

8. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Indigent Defendant
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
nolle prosequi

9. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Forfeiture
$200 billion
Sentence served one after another
Super Maximum-Security Prison

10. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Higher
90%
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

11. Truth in Sentencing
Work Release
Marriage
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

12. Delinquents
Anger Managment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

13. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

14. Right to speedy trial
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Total Instutution

15. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Self-incrimination

16. Right to an impartial judge
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Substantive Rights
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Young - male - minority - poor

17. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Pennsylvania System
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The U.S. Marshall
Sentence served one after another

18. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Parole
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

19. Peremptory Challenge
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The local police
The views of powerful elites in society
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

20. Three Strikes Law
Young - male - minority - poor
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Prison

21. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Self-defense and insanity
Defense Attorney
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

22. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Defense Attorney
90%
A crime that is considered especially immoral

23. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Subpoena
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

24. Motion for a direct verdict
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

25. Women Imprisoned
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Boot Camp
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

26. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
The place and its charecteristics
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Private attorneys

27. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

28. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Went down steadily

29. Right to be competent at trail

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30. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Self-incrimination
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Obstacle course

31. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Total Instutution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1.4 million
Should treat people of different classes equitably

32. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Shock Probation
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

33. Capital Punishment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Property crimes
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

34. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
The U.S. Marshall
Probation
Young - male - minority - poor

35. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Substantive Rights
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Established customs and traditions

36. What are characteristics of inmates
Property crimes
Young - male - minority - poor
90%
Jail

37. The substantive criminal law...
House Arrest
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

38. Argument against the Death Penalty
Maximum-Security
Anger Managment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

39. The sentence
Sentence served one after another
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
About 10 felony arrests per month
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

40. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The place and its charecteristics
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

41. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Jail
Self-defense and insanity
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

42. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Sentence served simultaneously
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
House Arrest
Halfway House

43. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Recoupment
The views of powerful elites in society
Intake

44. Duties of probation officers
Property crimes
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Community Service Restitution
Maximum-Security

45. Good time
Community Treatment
Recoupment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

46. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

47. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Fine
The local police
90%

48. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

49. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Summer
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

50. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Community Service Restitution
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Restorative Justice
Pennsylvania System