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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Goals of Punishment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

2. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Grand Jury
Revocation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

3. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The procedural criminal law

4. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

5. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
New York (Auburn) System
$200 billion

6. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The place and its charecteristics
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Anger Managment

7. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Total Instutution
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

8. Problem of Re-entry
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Higher
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

9. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Halfway House
Furlough
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

10. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Pre-Sentence Investigation
About 10 felony arrests per month
Forfeiture

11. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Maximum-Security
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

12. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Highway Patrol
Shock Incarceration
Community Treatment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

13. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Intermediate Sanctions
Self-incrimination
Diversion
Fine

14. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Restorative Justice
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
A fixed term of incarceration

15. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Went down steadily
Boot Camp

16. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

17. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Established customs and traditions
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously

18. Delinquents
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Test for one's competents to stand trial

19. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
The U.S. Marshall
Anger Managment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

20. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Highway Patrol
Probation Rules
The FBI

21. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
The local police
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Forfeiture

22. Concurrent Jursidiction
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Revocation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

23. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
The U.S. Marshall
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
18
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

24. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Shock Probation
Boot Camp
Day Fees
Went down steadily

25. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

26. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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27. Good time
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Established customs and traditions
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

28. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Property crimes

29. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
House Arrest
Diversion

30. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Prison
Established customs and traditions
nolle prosequi

31. What is General Deterrence?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

32. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Community Treatment

33. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Shock Incarceration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Day Fees
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

34. Concurrent Sentence
Shock Incarceration
House Arrest
Young - male - minority - poor
Sentence served simultaneously

35. Women Imprisoned
Community Service Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

36. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Grand Jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

37. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Jail
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Test for one's competents to stand trial

38. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
The local police
Self-defense and insanity
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

39. Right to an impartial jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Probation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

40. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The local police

41. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Pennsylvania System
Total Instutution
18
Probation Rules

42. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
16
Grand Jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

43. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Parole
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Summer
Recoupment

44. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Enter a plea
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Penitentiary House

45. Right to counsel
Young - male - minority - poor
Restitution
Probation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

46. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Grand Jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Assembly line
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

47. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

48. Jury Selection

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49. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Obstacle course
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

50. Mandatory Sentence
Maximum-Security
Prison
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Statutory requirement - limits judges power