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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Shock Probation
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

2. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Community Treatment
Day Fees

3. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Grand Jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

4. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Intermediate Sanctions
Self-incrimination
Defense Attorney

5. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

6. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The local police
Obstacle course
Marriage

7. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Forfeiture
Substantive Rights
Test for one's competents to stand trial

8. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Recoupment
New York (Auburn) System
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

9. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Defense Attorney
Pre-Sentence Investigation

10. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Went down steadily
Substantive Rights
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

11. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The U.S. Marshall
Property crimes
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

12. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
House Arrest
Boot Camp
The views of powerful elites in society
Sentence served one after another

13. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Jail
Boot Camp
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

14. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The procedural criminal law
Self-defense and insanity
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

15. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Maximum-Security
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Grand Jury

16. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
New York (Auburn) System
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Restorative Justice
About 10 felony arrests per month

17. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

18. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Shock Incarceration
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Recoupment

19. The sentence
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Increasing

20. Motion for a direct verdict
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Diversion
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

21. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
16
1.4 million
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Restorative Justice

22. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Defense Attorney
Probation
The U.S. Marshall

23. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

24. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Intake

25. Mandatory Sentence
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Intake

26. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Work Release
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Indigent Defendant

27. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
A fixed term of incarceration
The place and its charecteristics
Defense Attorney

28. Three Strikes Law
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Self-incrimination
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Jail

29. Competent Standard

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30. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Intermediate Sanctions
Parole

31. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Public Defender
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

32. Right to counsel
Assembly line
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Probation Rules
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

33. Right to an impartial jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Self-incrimination
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

34. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Day Fees
Marriage
The U.S. Marshall

35. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Forfeiture
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Self-incrimination

36. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
$200 billion
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

37. Determinate Sentencing
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Obstacle course
A fixed term of incarceration

38. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Penitentiary House
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Recoupment

39. Good time
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Anger Managment
Marriage

40. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Summer
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Higher
The local police

41. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Increasing
Were considered highly educated in their time period

42. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Restorative Justice
Social agent
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

43. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Revocation
Total Instutution
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

44. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
nolle prosequi
Furlough
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

45. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Day Fees
Private attorneys
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

46. Goals of Punishment
The U.S. Marshall
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

47. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
16
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

48. Factors that Influence Sentencing
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Highway Patrol
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

49. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
90%
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

50. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Increasing
Anger Managment
The procedural criminal law

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