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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to an impartial jury
1.4 million
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Diversion

2. Right to confront witnesses
About 10 felony arrests per month
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Sentence served simultaneously
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

3. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

4. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Substantive Rights
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Diversion
Obstacle course

5. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Intake
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
House Arrest
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

6. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Highway Patrol
A crime that is considered especially immoral

7. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

8. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
The U.S. Marshall
Shock Incarceration
Went down steadily
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

9. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Obstacle course

10. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
90%
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Indigent Defendant

11. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Restitution
Increasing

12. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Diversion
Were considered highly educated in their time period
House Arrest
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

13. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Defense Attorney
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

14. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Recoupment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

15. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Defense Attorney
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Obstacle course

16. What are characteristics of inmates
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Young - male - minority - poor
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Intermediate Sanctions

17. Models of sentencing
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

18. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Defense Attorney

19. Concurrent Sentence
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Sentence served simultaneously

20. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Intermediate Sanctions
Grand Jury
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

21. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
18

22. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

23. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

24. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
7 Million Americans

25. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Sentence served simultaneously
Intermediate Sanctions
Furlough

26. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Anger Managment
Jail
Sentence served one after another

27. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Established customs and traditions

28. Status Offenders
Make-believe family
Summer
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Public Defender

29. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Established customs and traditions

30. Right to public trial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Highway Patrol

31. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

32. Problems of Parole
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Social agent
16

33. Challenged for cause
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Forfeiture

34. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Public Defender

35. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Social agent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Recoupment

36. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Were considered highly educated in their time period
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

37. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Minimum-Security Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Day Fees

38. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Halfway House
Day Fees
Maximum-Security

39. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

40. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Indigent Defendant
Penitentiary House
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

41. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
18
The local police
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Increasing

42. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Furlough
Forfeiture

43. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Prison
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Minimum-Security Prison

44. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Community Treatment
Penitentiary House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

45. Mandatory Sentence
7 Million Americans
16
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

46. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The views of powerful elites in society
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

47. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Went down steadily
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

48. Miranda Rights...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Parole
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

49. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Probation
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Parole

50. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

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Criminal Justice

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