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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The sentence
The procedural criminal law
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Pennsylvania System

2. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Sentence served simultaneously
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
7 Million Americans
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

3. Bench Trial
Make-believe family
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Restitution
Trial by a judge without jury

4. Evidentiary Standard
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

5. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Higher
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Intermediate Sanctions
The local police

6. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Marriage
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Make-believe family
90%

7. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Probation
Boot Camp
16

8. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Restorative Justice

9. Challenged for cause
Sentence served one after another
16
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Young - male - minority - poor

10. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
New York (Auburn) System
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
16

11. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Indigent Defendant
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Make-believe family
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

12. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

13. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Shock Probation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

14. Right to public trial
The local police
Substantive Rights
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

15. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Penitentiary House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Revocation

16. What is General Deterrence?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

17. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Diversion
18
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Super Maximum-Security Prison

18. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

19. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Property crimes
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
A fixed term of incarceration

20. Competent Standard

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21. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Probation Rules
Community Service Restitution
Grand Jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

22. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Community Treatment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Grand Jury

23. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Fine
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

24. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Higher
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

25. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The FBI
Test for one's competents to stand trial

26. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
18
A fixed term of incarceration

27. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral
About 10 felony arrests per month
Society expects them to be criminals

28. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Revocation
Obstacle course
Substantive Rights
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

29. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intermediate Sanctions
Assembly line

30. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Community Treatment
Private attorneys
Halfway House

31. Probation failure correlates to...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

32. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Assembly line
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

33. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Restorative Justice
Jail

34. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

35. Right to an impartial jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Super Maximum-Security Prison

36. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

37. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Prison
Self-defense and insanity

38. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Anger Managment
Community Treatment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The local police

39. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The U.S. Marshall
90%
Diversion

40. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Defense Attorney
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

41. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Established customs and traditions
Penitentiary House

42. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Probation Rules

43. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Young - male - minority - poor
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

44. Delinquents
Prison
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

45. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Boot Camp
The U.S. Marshall
Revocation
Private attorneys

46. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Intermediate Sanctions
Diversion
Went down steadily

47. Statutory Jurisdiction
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

48. What are characteristics of inmates
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Young - male - minority - poor
Community Service Restitution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

49. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Shock Incarceration

50. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Community Service Restitution
Recoupment
Increasing
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree