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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Status Offenders
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Obstacle course
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

2. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Marriage
Sentence served simultaneously
The U.S. Marshall
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

3. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Self-incrimination
Were considered highly educated in their time period
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

4. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
16
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Halfway House
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

5. Right to be competent at trail

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6. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Should treat people of different classes equitably

7. Right to compulsory process
Summer
Young - male - minority - poor
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Society expects them to be criminals

8. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Restitution
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Increasing

9. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
A crime that is considered especially immoral
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Day Fees

10. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Shock Probation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Make-believe family

11. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
nolle prosequi
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

12. Capital Punishment
Restorative Justice
1.4 million
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

13. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Make-believe family

14. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Subpoena
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

15. Bench Trial
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The views of powerful elites in society
Substantive Rights
Trial by a judge without jury

16. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Furlough
Make-believe family
A fixed term of incarceration

17. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Boot Camp
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established customs and traditions

18. What are characteristics of inmates
Shock Incarceration
Enter a plea
Young - male - minority - poor
Defense Attorney

19. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Society expects them to be criminals
Established customs and traditions
Community Service Restitution

20. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Work Release
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
A fixed term of incarceration

21. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Obstacle course
The views of powerful elites in society
Shock Incarceration

22. Truth in Sentencing
Assembly line
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

23. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
16
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Pre-Sentence Investigation
7 Million Americans

24. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

25. Problem of Re-entry
Halfway House
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

26. Alternative Correctional Institution
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-incrimination

27. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Indigent Defendant
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

28. Motion for a direct verdict
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Obstacle course
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

29. Mandatory Sentence
18
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Subpoena
Summer

30. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Fine
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

31. Argument against the Death Penalty
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Shock Incarceration

32. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Prison

33. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Self-incrimination
Substantive Rights
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

34. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Prison
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

35. Evidentiary Standard
The local police
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The views of powerful elites in society
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

36. Right to an impartial judge
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
$200 billion

37. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Furlough
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Self-incrimination

38. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Went down steadily
Restorative Justice
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

39. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Sentence served one after another
Public Defender
Fine
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

40. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Higher
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Forfeiture

41. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
nolle prosequi
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

42. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Intermediate Sanctions
Indigent Defendant
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Shock Probation

43. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Marriage
Work Release
The views of powerful elites in society
Minimum-Security Prison

44. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Jail
Boot Camp
16
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

45. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

46. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Defense Attorney
The place and its charecteristics
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

47. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Shock Probation
Work Release
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

48. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
90%
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

49. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Increasing
Self-defense and insanity
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

50. Peremptory Challenge
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
When a jury member is challenged for no reason