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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Judicial Waiver
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Increasing

2. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Make-believe family
Parole
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

3. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The procedural criminal law
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Penitentiary House

4. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
New York (Auburn) System
A fixed term of incarceration
Diversion

5. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Furlough
Summer
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

6. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Indigent Defendant
Probation
Self-defense and insanity

7. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Diversion
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Maximum-Security
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

8. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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9. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

10. Verdict
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

11. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

12. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Defense Attorney
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

13. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Young - male - minority - poor

14. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Intake
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

15. Miranda Rights...
Pennsylvania System
Restorative Justice
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Forfeiture

16. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Community Treatment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Shock Incarceration

17. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Diversion
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Anger Managment

18. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Pennsylvania System
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Shock Probation

19. Bench Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Trial by a judge without jury
1.4 million
Marriage

20. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Indigent Defendant
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

21. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Shock Probation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

22. Concurrent Sentence
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Sentence served simultaneously

23. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Recoupment
Super Maximum-Security Prison
nolle prosequi
Assembly line

24. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Pre-Sentence Investigation

25. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Assembly line
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

26. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The procedural criminal law
Public Defender
Established customs and traditions

27. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Defense Attorney

28. Status Offenders
nolle prosequi
Property crimes
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Test for one's competents to stand trial

29. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1.4 million
Prison

30. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Marriage
Sentence served simultaneously
Total Instutution

31. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Boot Camp
Intermediate Sanctions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

32. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Trial by a judge without jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Social agent
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

33. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Highway Patrol
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Property crimes

34. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Intermediate Sanctions
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Private attorneys
Defense Attorney

35. Truth in Sentencing
The U.S. Marshall
New York (Auburn) System
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Sentence served one after another

36. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
7 Million Americans
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A crime that is considered especially immoral

37. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Make-believe family
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Intermediate Sanctions

38. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Obstacle course
Community Treatment
House Arrest

39. Right to an impartial jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The procedural criminal law
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

40. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Social agent
90%
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

41. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

42. Right to an impartial judge
Intake
Minimum-Security Prison
Grand Jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

43. Trial Process
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Revocation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
18

44. What is General Deterrence?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

45. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
$200 billion
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Highway Patrol

46. Delinquents
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Recoupment
Parole
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

47. Alternative Correctional Institution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

48. Right to confront witnesses
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Work Release
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

49. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Sentence served one after another
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

50. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Parole
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Fine
Minimum-Security Prison