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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Society expects them to be criminals
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Subpoena

2. Statutory Jurisdiction
Obstacle course
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

3. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Private attorneys
Summer
Self-incrimination
Maximum-Security

4. Miranda Rights...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Sentence served one after another

5. Jury Selection

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6. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
The procedural criminal law
Established customs and traditions
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

7. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Marriage
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Restitution

8. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Restorative Justice
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

9. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Property crimes
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Prison

10. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The U.S. Marshall
Pre-Sentence Investigation

11. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Furlough
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1.4 million

12. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
nolle prosequi
Indigent Defendant

13. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
7 Million Americans
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Shock Probation
Diversion

14. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
The procedural criminal law
New York (Auburn) System
Total Instutution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

15. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Shock Probation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The U.S. Marshall

16. Mandatory Sentence
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

17. Right to compulsory process
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

18. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Halfway House
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

19. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Established customs and traditions
Went down steadily
New York (Auburn) System
A crime that is considered especially immoral

20. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Public Defender
Indigent Defendant
Substantive Rights

21. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The U.S. Marshall
The FBI
The procedural criminal law

22. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Indigent Defendant
Society expects them to be criminals
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

23. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Went down steadily
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

24. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Probation Rules
Diversion
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

25. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Shock Probation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Were considered highly educated in their time period

26. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

27. Alternative Correctional Institution
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

28. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Forfeiture
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

29. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Public Defender
Community Treatment

30. Three Strikes Law
Work Release
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Forfeiture
Shock Probation

31. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Sentence served one after another
Self-incrimination
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

32. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Grand Jury
Subpoena

33. What are characteristics of inmates
Public Defender
The U.S. Marshall
Young - male - minority - poor
The views of powerful elites in society

34. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Boot Camp
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

35. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Community Service Restitution
Penitentiary House
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

36. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
The views of powerful elites in society
$200 billion
16
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

37. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Probation Rules
Minimum-Security Prison

38. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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39. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intermediate Sanctions
Highway Patrol
Young - male - minority - poor

40. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
nolle prosequi
Intermediate Sanctions
Trial by a judge without jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

41. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Recoupment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

42. Women Imprisoned
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The U.S. Marshall

43. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Grand Jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

44. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Boot Camp
$200 billion

45. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

46. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Pennsylvania System
Social agent
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

47. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation
Intermediate Sanctions

48. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Summer
Substantive Rights
Day Fees

49. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
7 Million Americans
The FBI

50. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Society expects them to be criminals