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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Day Fees
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

2. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
nolle prosequi
Community Treatment
Intermediate Sanctions

3. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Enter a plea
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Community Treatment

4. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Grand Jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Make-believe family

5. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

6. Right to be competent at trail

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7. Problems of Parole
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Furlough
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

8. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Halfway House
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Make-believe family

9. Challenged for cause
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Probation Rules
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

10. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Revocation
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

11. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Pennsylvania System
Shock Incarceration
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
7 Million Americans

12. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
The procedural criminal law
Highway Patrol
Anger Managment
The views of powerful elites in society

13. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Self-incrimination
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

14. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Social agent
Established customs and traditions
Revocation
Diversion

15. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Penitentiary House
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

16. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
16
7 Million Americans
Pre-Sentence Investigation

17. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Community Service Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

18. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Property crimes
Parole

19. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Substantive Rights
Indigent Defendant
The views of powerful elites in society

20. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Minimum-Security Prison
The place and its charecteristics
Anger Managment

21. Concurrent Sentence
Public Defender
Sentence served simultaneously
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

22. Trial Process
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Community Service Restitution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

23. Right to speedy trial
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
7 Million Americans
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

24. Jury Selection

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25. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

26. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

27. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Enter a plea

28. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The FBI
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
nolle prosequi

29. Right to compulsory process
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

30. Models of sentencing
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Marriage
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

31. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

32. Problem of Re-entry
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

33. Miranda Rights...
Marriage
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

34. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Pennsylvania System
90%
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

35. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
A crime that is considered especially immoral

36. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Total Instutution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The local police

37. Alternative Correctional Institution
Furlough
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

38. Concurrent Jursidiction
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

39. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Subpoena
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

40. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

41. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Diversion
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Jail

42. Evidentiary Standard
Substantive Rights
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Obstacle course
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

43. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Forfeiture
Enter a plea
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Highway Patrol

44. Statutory Jurisdiction
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

45. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Marriage
1.4 million
Intake

46. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Self-incrimination
Penitentiary House
Total Instutution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

47. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
The FBI
16
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Defense Attorney

48. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Community Service Restitution
Restitution

49. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Grand Jury

50. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Forfeiture
Substantive Rights