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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Work Release
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

2. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Work Release
A crime that is considered especially immoral
18
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

3. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
16
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

4. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Shock Probation
Probation Rules
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

5. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Penitentiary House
Anger Managment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

6. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

7. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
New York (Auburn) System
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Indigent Defendant
Obstacle course

8. The sentence
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
nolle prosequi
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Enter a plea

9. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Furlough
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

10. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Indigent Defendant
About 10 felony arrests per month

11. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
90%
Private attorneys

12. Models of sentencing
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Grand Jury

13. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Assembly line
The FBI
Test for one's competents to stand trial

14. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

15. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Prison
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

16. Mandatory Sentence
Private attorneys
Maximum-Security
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

17. Motion for a direct verdict
Community Service Restitution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

18. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Increasing
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

19. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
$200 billion
18
Parole
Probation Rules

20. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Intake
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

21. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Jail
The views of powerful elites in society

22. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Restitution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

23. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Substantive Rights
The U.S. Marshall

24. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Community Service Restitution
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Total Instutution

25. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Maximum-Security
Halfway House
Society expects them to be criminals

26. Factors that Influence Sentencing
18
1.4 million
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Society expects them to be criminals

27. Miranda Rights...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Defense Attorney
Grand Jury

28. The substantive criminal law...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

29. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Assembly line
The views of powerful elites in society

30. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Halfway House
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
18

31. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Self-incrimination
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

32. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The FBI
Young - male - minority - poor
The U.S. Marshall
Forfeiture

33. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Indigent Defendant
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Community Treatment

34. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Social agent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Shock Incarceration

35. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Probation Rules
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1.4 million
Revocation

36. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Day Fees
Summer

37. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Self-defense and insanity
Penitentiary House
Make-believe family

38. Judicial Waiver
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Maximum-Security

39. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Halfway House
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served simultaneously

40. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Private attorneys
Shock Probation
Intake
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

41. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Sentence served one after another
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
16

42. Verdict
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

43. Goals of Punishment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Sentence served simultaneously
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
90%

44. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Parole
Maximum-Security
Increasing
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

45. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Parole
Property crimes
Community Treatment
About 10 felony arrests per month

46. Challenged for cause
House Arrest
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
18
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

47. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Pennsylvania System
Forfeiture

48. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
The U.S. Marshall
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Social agent
16

49. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
The U.S. Marshall
Restitution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

50. Truth in Sentencing
Shock Incarceration
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic