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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Obstacle course
Increasing
Minimum-Security Prison

2. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

3. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Society expects them to be criminals
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
A fixed term of incarceration
The place and its charecteristics

4. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Total Instutution
Young - male - minority - poor
Intermediate Sanctions
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

5. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Public Defender
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

6. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Jail
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
7 Million Americans

7. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Day Fees
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

8. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Community Treatment

9. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
The FBI
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

10. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
A fixed term of incarceration
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

11. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Intermediate Sanctions
16
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

12. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Shock Incarceration

13. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Subpoena
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

14. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
The U.S. Marshall
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1.4 million

15. Peremptory Challenge
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
House Arrest
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

16. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
About 10 felony arrests per month
The views of powerful elites in society

17. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

18. Concurrent Sentence
Revocation
Sentence served simultaneously
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

19. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Halfway House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

20. What is Duress?
Diversion
Substantive Rights
Boot Camp
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

21. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Grand Jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The U.S. Marshall
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

22. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Defense Attorney
Property crimes
Higher

23. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Marriage
Trial by a judge without jury
Shock Incarceration

24. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The procedural criminal law
Increasing
The FBI

25. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The FBI
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

26. Right to an impartial judge
Prison
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

27. The sentence
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The U.S. Marshall
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Property crimes

28. Capital Punishment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Highway Patrol
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

29. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Private attorneys
Intermediate Sanctions
Society expects them to be criminals
Test for one's competents to stand trial

30. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Enter a plea
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

31. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Grand Jury
Make-believe family
Assembly line
Public Defender

32. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Shock Probation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Recoupment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

33. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Community Service Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The local police
Marriage

34. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Prison

35. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Diversion
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Minimum-Security Prison
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

36. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

37. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Work Release
Fine
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

38. Right to compulsory process
Summer
Self-defense and insanity
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

39. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Self-defense and insanity
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Substantive Rights
Highway Patrol

40. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Day Fees
1.4 million

41. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Intake
Grand Jury

42. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Defense Attorney
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Boot Camp
Work Release

43. Right to be competent at trail

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44. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

45. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

46. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Total Instutution
The U.S. Marshall
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Subpoena

47. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Work Release
Trial by a judge without jury
nolle prosequi
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

48. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

49. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Increasing
Parole

50. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Grand Jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Young - male - minority - poor