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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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2. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Boot Camp
Self-incrimination
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

3. Alternative Correctional Institution
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Anger Managment

4. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Boot Camp
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Self-defense and insanity
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

5. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Society expects them to be criminals
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Higher
Penitentiary House

6. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Parole
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

7. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Trial by a judge without jury
Went down steadily
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

8. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
16

9. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Obstacle course

10. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Indigent Defendant
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The place and its charecteristics

11. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Grand Jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

12. Right to an impartial judge
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Enter a plea
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1.4 million

13. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

14. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Substantive Rights

15. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Public Defender
Prison
Probation Rules

16. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Community Treatment
The U.S. Marshall
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
House Arrest

17. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Work Release
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

18. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Obstacle course
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Probation Rules
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

19. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Maximum-Security
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

20. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Indigent Defendant
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

21. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Shock Probation
Work Release
Higher
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

22. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Minimum-Security Prison
Higher
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

23. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Social agent
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

24. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Established customs and traditions
Total Instutution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
New York (Auburn) System

25. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Substantive Rights
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

26. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Furlough
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The views of powerful elites in society
18

27. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Revocation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1.4 million
$200 billion

28. Status Offenders
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Community Service Restitution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

29. What is General Deterrence?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Probation Rules
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

30. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Community Treatment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

31. Three Strikes Law
Total Instutution
Shock Incarceration
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

32. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Indigent Defendant
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The U.S. Marshall

33. Probation failure correlates to...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Grand Jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Penitentiary House

34. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Property crimes
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Make-believe family

35. Delinquents
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Self-incrimination
Work Release
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

36. Problem of Re-entry
Total Instutution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

37. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Community Treatment

38. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Substantive Rights
Pennsylvania System
Enter a plea
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

39. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Intake
A crime that is considered especially immoral

40. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

41. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Community Treatment
Anger Managment
Private attorneys
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

42. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Should treat people of different classes equitably
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

43. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

44. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The FBI
Restitution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

45. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Established customs and traditions
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Furlough

46. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Obstacle course
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

47. Right to public trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Super Maximum-Security Prison

48. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Marriage
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

49. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Intake
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Boot Camp
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

50. Duties of probation officers
Parole
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)