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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Three Strikes Law
The place and its charecteristics
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Restitution

2. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Test for one's competents to stand trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

3. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Enter a plea
Intake
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

4. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Intermediate Sanctions
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Should treat people of different classes equitably

5. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1.4 million
About 10 felony arrests per month

6. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Highway Patrol
Marriage

7. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Test for one's competents to stand trial
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

8. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
16
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Were considered highly educated in their time period

9. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Obstacle course
Property crimes

10. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Defense Attorney
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

11. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Defense Attorney
Enter a plea

12. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Probation
18

13. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Went down steadily
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

14. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Shock Probation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Minimum-Security Prison

15. Right to counsel
The U.S. Marshall
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Defense Attorney
Parole

16. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Public Defender
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

17. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The procedural criminal law
Defense Attorney
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

18. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Diversion
Recoupment
Penitentiary House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

19. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
nolle prosequi
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

20. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
House Arrest
Society expects them to be criminals
Intake

21. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

22. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Enter a plea
Recoupment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

23. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

24. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Grand Jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation Rules
Forfeiture

25. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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26. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Self-defense and insanity
Revocation
Recoupment
The FBI

27. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Halfway House
Total Instutution

28. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Enter a plea
Restorative Justice
The local police
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

29. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
nolle prosequi
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
House Arrest

30. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

31. Right to public trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Parole
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

32. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Self-defense and insanity
Shock Incarceration
Probation
Self-incrimination

33. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Obstacle course

34. Competent Standard

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35. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Maximum-Security
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Community Service Restitution

36. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

37. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Community Service Restitution
The FBI
The views of powerful elites in society
House Arrest

38. Trial Process
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

39. Models of sentencing
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

40. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Intermediate Sanctions
Sentence served one after another
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

41. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Forfeiture
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
18
16

42. Right to speedy trial
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

43. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The place and its charecteristics
Jail
Fine

44. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Young - male - minority - poor
Minimum-Security Prison
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

45. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Social agent
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

46. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Forfeiture

47. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Prison
New York (Auburn) System

48. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Went down steadily
Sentence served one after another
Boot Camp
Pennsylvania System

49. Probation failure correlates to...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Young - male - minority - poor
Pre-Sentence Investigation

50. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The local police
Defense Attorney