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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Summer
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

2. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Should treat people of different classes equitably

3. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Went down steadily
Furlough
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

4. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
The procedural criminal law
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Anger Managment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

5. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Went down steadily
Boot Camp

6. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

7. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Private attorneys
nolle prosequi

8. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Boot Camp
Self-incrimination

9. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Self-defense and insanity
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Restorative Justice

10. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Society expects them to be criminals
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

11. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Sentence served simultaneously
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

12. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
1.4 million
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

13. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

14. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Make-believe family
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

15. Factors that Influence Sentencing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Subpoena
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

16. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Restitution

17. Motion for a direct verdict
Fine
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

18. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Marriage
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

19. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Probation Rules
Shock Probation

20. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Probation Rules
Forfeiture

21. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Higher
Forfeiture
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

22. Truth in Sentencing
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The views of powerful elites in society

23. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Self-incrimination
Restorative Justice
Prison

24. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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25. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Community Service Restitution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Substantive Rights

26. Bench Trial
Anger Managment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Trial by a judge without jury

27. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

28. Delinquents
Private attorneys
Revocation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

29. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Penitentiary House
Make-believe family
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Enter a plea

30. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Pre-Sentence Investigation
90%
Should treat people of different classes equitably

31. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
The views of powerful elites in society
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

32. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Self-defense and insanity
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Day Fees
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

33. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Probation Rules
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Parole
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

34. What are characteristics of inmates
Increasing
Young - male - minority - poor
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

35. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
About 10 felony arrests per month

36. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Community Service Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Halfway House
Enter a plea

37. Right to speedy trial
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Grand Jury
$200 billion
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

38. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Shock Incarceration
Social agent

39. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
16
18
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Community Service Restitution

40. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Total Instutution
The place and its charecteristics
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

41. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
House Arrest
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Jail
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

42. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Pennsylvania System
Shock Probation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

43. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Private attorneys
Total Instutution
Self-incrimination
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

44. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
16
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

45. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Jail
$200 billion
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

46. Challenged for cause
Intake
Marriage
Test for one's competents to stand trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

47. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
nolle prosequi
Marriage
Prison

48. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Established customs and traditions
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

49. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

50. Indeterminate Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Marriage
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment