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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Went down steadily
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Highway Patrol

2. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Shock Probation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

3. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Shock Probation
Assembly line
Intake

4. Goals of Punishment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Enter a plea
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

5. Right to public trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Fine
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

6. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
House Arrest
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Penitentiary House

7. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Enter a plea
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Substantive Rights

8. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Higher
Total Instutution
Super Maximum-Security Prison

9. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Private attorneys
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Public Defender
Obstacle course

10. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Obstacle course
Public Defender
Private attorneys

11. Capital Punishment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

12. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Indigent Defendant
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Diversion

13. Verdict
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
16
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

14. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
House Arrest
Property crimes
The U.S. Marshall
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

15. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Public Defender
Jail

16. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Parole
Restorative Justice
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

17. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
$200 billion
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Intermediate Sanctions

18. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Property crimes
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

19. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Established customs and traditions
Recoupment
Make-believe family

20. Right to be competent at trail

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21. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Day Fees

22. Right to an impartial judge
Furlough
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Prison

23. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Recoupment

24. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Indigent Defendant
Enter a plea
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

25. Judicial Waiver
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The procedural criminal law

26. Argument against the Death Penalty
The FBI
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

27. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Public Defender
Marriage
Sentence served simultaneously

28. Evidentiary Standard
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The local police
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

29. Statutory Jurisdiction
House Arrest
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

30. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Marriage
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Forfeiture

31. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Summer
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Anger Managment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

32. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Prison
Subpoena

33. Jury Selection

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34. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Sentence served one after another
Pennsylvania System
Defense Attorney

35. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

36. Right to speedy trial
Penitentiary House
Public Defender
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Established customs and traditions

37. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Sentence served one after another
Assembly line
About 10 felony arrests per month
90%

38. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Should treat people of different classes equitably
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

39. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Halfway House
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

40. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1.4 million
Parole
90%

41. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Assembly line
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
7 Million Americans

42. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

43. Indeterminate Sentencing
About 10 felony arrests per month
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

44. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Self-defense and insanity
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

45. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Test for one's competents to stand trial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

46. Motion for a direct verdict
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Enter a plea
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

47. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Pennsylvania System

48. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Private attorneys
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

49. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Society expects them to be criminals
Shock Probation
About 10 felony arrests per month

50. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Parole
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Collecting taxes and supervising elections