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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Social agent
Defense Attorney
Intake

2. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Sentence served simultaneously
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Community Treatment

3. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Day Fees
Revocation
Sentence served one after another
Private attorneys

4. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
7 Million Americans
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Indigent Defendant
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

5. Goals of Punishment
Maximum-Security
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Super Maximum-Security Prison

6. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
7 Million Americans

7. Truth in Sentencing
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
About 10 felony arrests per month
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

8. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The views of powerful elites in society

9. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
7 Million Americans
Summer
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Highway Patrol

10. Verdict
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A fixed term of incarceration
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

11. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Total Instutution
Young - male - minority - poor
Maximum-Security
Subpoena

12. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Total Instutution
Trial by a judge without jury

13. Concurrent Sentence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Sentence served simultaneously
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

14. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Restitution
Fine
Private attorneys
The procedural criminal law

15. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

16. Bench Trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Trial by a judge without jury
Established customs and traditions
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

17. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Established customs and traditions
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

18. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Went down steadily
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
18
Pre-Sentence Investigation

19. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Obstacle course
Furlough
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

20. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The FBI
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

21. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Halfway House
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

22. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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23. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

24. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Recoupment
Restorative Justice
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

25. What are characteristics of inmates
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Young - male - minority - poor
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Revocation

26. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
16
Day Fees
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

27. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Should treat people of different classes equitably

28. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Trial by a judge without jury
Total Instutution
Prison
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

29. Evidentiary Standard
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

30. Indeterminate Sentencing
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

31. Models of sentencing
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Day Fees
The views of powerful elites in society

32. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Enter a plea
Forfeiture
Penitentiary House

33. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

34. Mandatory Sentence
Intake
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Fine
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

35. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The place and its charecteristics
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Went down steadily

36. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
$200 billion
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

37. Right to speedy trial
Property crimes
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Recoupment

38. Jury Selection

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39. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Work Release
Boot Camp
Intermediate Sanctions
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

40. Right to an impartial judge
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
7 Million Americans
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

41. Problem of Re-entry
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

42. Competent Standard

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43. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Indigent Defendant
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

44. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

45. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Pennsylvania System
Went down steadily
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

46. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Day Fees

47. Right to be competent at trail

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48. Right to an impartial jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
90%
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

49. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Penitentiary House
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Trial by a judge without jury

50. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Grand Jury
Revocation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem