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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Obstacle course
Public Defender
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

2. Three Strikes Law
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
7 Million Americans
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

3. Delinquents
$200 billion
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Halfway House
Society expects them to be criminals

4. Right to an impartial jury
1.4 million
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Went down steadily
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

5. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Public Defender
Recoupment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

6. Problem of Re-entry
Forfeiture
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

7. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Pennsylvania System
90%
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

8. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Restitution

9. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

10. Judicial Waiver
Indigent Defendant
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1.4 million

11. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
16
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Community Service Restitution

12. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Furlough
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

13. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Increasing
Community Treatment
Established customs and traditions

14. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Restitution
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Probation Rules
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

15. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

16. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Summer
Anger Managment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

17. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Obstacle course
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Grand Jury
The place and its charecteristics

18. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Summer

19. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Shock Probation
Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

20. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
7 Million Americans
The views of powerful elites in society
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

21. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Sentence served one after another
Were considered highly educated in their time period

22. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Prison
Maximum-Security
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

23. Bench Trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Diversion
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Trial by a judge without jury

24. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

25. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Shock Incarceration
Went down steadily
Established customs and traditions
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

26. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
nolle prosequi
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Forfeiture
Indigent Defendant

27. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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28. Problems of Parole
The procedural criminal law
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Prison

29. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1.4 million
Diversion
18
Substantive Rights

30. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Intake

31. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
New York (Auburn) System
Marriage
Trial by a judge without jury
Public Defender

32. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Grand Jury
Enter a plea

33. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
House Arrest
18

34. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

35. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Self-defense and insanity
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
A crime that is considered especially immoral

36. Miranda Rights...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Marriage

37. Evidentiary Standard
Self-incrimination
Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

38. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Prison
Summer
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

39. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Obstacle course

40. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Assembly line
Grand Jury
Summer

41. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Public Defender
Parole
Subpoena

42. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Marriage
The procedural criminal law

43. Right to speedy trial
Community Service Restitution
Young - male - minority - poor
Sentence served one after another
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

44. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Jail
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The views of powerful elites in society

45. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Day Fees
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Assembly line

46. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Parole
Penitentiary House
Grand Jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

47. Jury Selection

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48. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Anger Managment
Highway Patrol

49. Duties of probation officers
Assembly line
Intake
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

50. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Shock Incarceration
Halfway House
Highway Patrol