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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Problems of Parole
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
$200 billion

2. Right to speedy trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Society expects them to be criminals
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

3. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Trial by a judge without jury
Intermediate Sanctions
Increasing

4. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Intermediate Sanctions
Pennsylvania System
House Arrest
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

5. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Enter a plea
90%
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

6. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Community Service Restitution
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

7. Right to be competent at trail

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8. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Community Service Restitution
New York (Auburn) System
Assembly line
Higher

9. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Revocation
The place and its charecteristics
The views of powerful elites in society
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

10. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

11. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Substantive Rights
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

12. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

13. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

14. What is General Deterrence?
Total Instutution
7 Million Americans
Increasing
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

15. Miranda Rights...
Halfway House
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

16. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Community Treatment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

17. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
16

18. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

19. Right to counsel
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The procedural criminal law
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Fine

20. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Parole
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

21. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Defense Attorney
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

22. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Established customs and traditions
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

23. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Fine
Marriage
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

24. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Marriage
Maximum-Security

25. Good time
Assembly line
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Summer
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

26. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Community Treatment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

27. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Public Defender
Maximum-Security
Halfway House
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

28. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Subpoena
Restorative Justice
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Day Fees

29. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Substantive Rights
Highway Patrol
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

30. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Higher
A crime that is considered especially immoral

31. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

32. Bench Trial
Total Instutution
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Trial by a judge without jury
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

33. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
nolle prosequi
Defense Attorney
Probation

34. Evidentiary Standard
The views of powerful elites in society
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-incrimination
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

35. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Highway Patrol
A fixed term of incarceration
Higher
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

36. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Established customs and traditions
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

37. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Halfway House
Recoupment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

38. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Property crimes
Young - male - minority - poor
Community Service Restitution
Increasing

39. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

40. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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41. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Summer
The views of powerful elites in society
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

42. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Public Defender
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

43. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The local police
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

44. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Penitentiary House
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Higher
About 10 felony arrests per month

45. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
1.4 million
Minimum-Security Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Should treat people of different classes equitably

46. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
$200 billion
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

47. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Furlough
Forfeiture
Property crimes
Intake

48. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The FBI
Higher

49. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Went down steadily
90%
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Furlough

50. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Restorative Justice
Intake
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver