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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Statutory Jurisdiction
Were considered highly educated in their time period
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Self-incrimination
90%

2. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Diversion
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
16
Assembly line

3. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Halfway House
Jail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

4. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Diversion
The local police
Social agent

5. Jury Selection

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6. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Furlough
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The place and its charecteristics

7. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Penitentiary House
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

8. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Highway Patrol
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Forfeiture
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

9. Miranda Rights...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
New York (Auburn) System
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

10. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
New York (Auburn) System
Substantive Rights
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

11. Concurrent Jursidiction
Test for one's competents to stand trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

12. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Obstacle course

13. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Restitution
Increasing
Self-defense and insanity

14. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Revocation
Property crimes
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

15. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
7 Million Americans
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

16. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Revocation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Increasing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

17. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Shock Probation
Grand Jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

18. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
1.4 million
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
nolle prosequi
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

19. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Shock Probation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Restorative Justice
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

20. Mandatory Sentence
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Young - male - minority - poor
Restitution

21. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Restitution

22. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The FBI
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Penitentiary House

23. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

24. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Recoupment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Increasing

25. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Recoupment
7 Million Americans
Penitentiary House

26. Right to an impartial judge
Grand Jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

27. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
The place and its charecteristics
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
A fixed term of incarceration

28. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Trial by a judge without jury
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The procedural criminal law

29. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Substantive Rights
The views of powerful elites in society
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

30. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

31. Problem of Re-entry
Penitentiary House
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Substantive Rights
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

32. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

33. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
About 10 felony arrests per month
The place and its charecteristics
Intake
1.4 million

34. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Property crimes
Public Defender
The views of powerful elites in society
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

35. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Pennsylvania System
Marriage

36. Probation failure correlates to...
Penitentiary House
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

37. Right to be competent at trail

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38. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Minimum-Security Prison
Halfway House
Trial by a judge without jury

39. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Enter a plea
nolle prosequi
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

40. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Minimum-Security Prison

41. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Community Service Restitution
Defense Attorney
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
New York (Auburn) System

42. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Total Instutution

43. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Self-incrimination
Social agent
Restorative Justice

44. Delinquents
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Assembly line
Day Fees

45. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Sentence served simultaneously
Highway Patrol
Minimum-Security Prison

46. Models of sentencing
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Recoupment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

47. Peremptory Challenge
Make-believe family
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Sentence served one after another

48. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Prison
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Self-defense and insanity

49. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
nolle prosequi
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Fine

50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
New York (Auburn) System
Day Fees
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community