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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

2. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Should treat people of different classes equitably

3. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

4. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Summer
Private attorneys
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

5. What is Duress?
About 10 felony arrests per month
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Community Treatment
90%

6. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Established customs and traditions
Self-incrimination
Boot Camp

7. Women Imprisoned
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Prison

8. Challenged for cause
The procedural criminal law
Minimum-Security Prison
Pennsylvania System
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

9. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Established customs and traditions
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Self-incrimination
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

10. Peremptory Challenge
A fixed term of incarceration
New York (Auburn) System
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Should treat people of different classes equitably

11. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

12. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
About 10 felony arrests per month
Public Defender
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

13. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Self-incrimination
Diversion
Prison

14. Motion for a direct verdict
House Arrest
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

15. Right to public trial
1.4 million
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

16. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The FBI
90%
Boot Camp

17. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Shock Probation
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

18. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Minimum-Security Prison
$200 billion

19. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation Rules
The FBI
18

20. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Diversion
Maximum-Security

21. Truth in Sentencing
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

22. Determinate Sentencing
Parole
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Summer
A fixed term of incarceration

23. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Defense Attorney
Test for one's competents to stand trial
18

24. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Restitution
New York (Auburn) System
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

25. Miranda Rights...
Sentence served simultaneously
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

26. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
16
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Minimum-Security Prison

27. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Established customs and traditions
A fixed term of incarceration
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

28. Judicial Waiver
The procedural criminal law
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

29. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Total Instutution
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Property crimes
Parole

30. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

31. The sentence
Prison
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Should treat people of different classes equitably
90%

32. Factors that Influence Sentencing
nolle prosequi
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
7 Million Americans
Pre-Sentence Investigation

33. Three Strikes Law
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Prison
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

34. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Pennsylvania System

35. Status Offenders
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Assembly line

36. Goals of Punishment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Probation Rules

37. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Self-incrimination
New York (Auburn) System
Summer
7 Million Americans

38. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
About 10 felony arrests per month
Day Fees
Jail
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

39. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
nolle prosequi
7 Million Americans
The place and its charecteristics
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

40. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Halfway House
A fixed term of incarceration
Revocation
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

41. Trial Process
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

42. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Assembly line
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

43. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1.4 million
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
New York (Auburn) System
18

44. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Higher
Society expects them to be criminals
Furlough
Social agent

45. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
The procedural criminal law
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

46. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pre-Sentence Investigation

47. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Assembly line
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The local police

48. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
About 10 felony arrests per month

49. Competent Standard

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50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Probation
Day Fees
Make-believe family
An example of the criminal defense of Justification