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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Property crimes
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Public Defender
Minimum-Security Prison

2. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Boot Camp
Furlough
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

3. Good time
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

4. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
90%

5. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Furlough

6. Miranda Rights...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Higher
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

7. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Intake
Penitentiary House
The views of powerful elites in society

8. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

9. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Grand Jury
Social agent
Intermediate Sanctions
Restitution

10. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
nolle prosequi

11. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Work Release
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
New York (Auburn) System
Public Defender

12. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Society expects them to be criminals
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Anger Managment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

13. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The procedural criminal law
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

14. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
New York (Auburn) System
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

15. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Grand Jury
The U.S. Marshall
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

16. Determinate Sentencing
18
Property crimes
A fixed term of incarceration
Super Maximum-Security Prison

17. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Subpoena
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

18. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Probation

19. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Went down steadily
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

20. Right to speedy trial
Probation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Marriage

21. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Day Fees

22. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Sentence served one after another
House Arrest
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

23. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Increasing
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

24. Motion for a direct verdict
Marriage
Public Defender
Parole
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

25. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Total Instutution
The place and its charecteristics
Substantive Rights

26. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Probation
1.4 million

27. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Social agent
Higher
Furlough

28. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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29. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Established customs and traditions
Penitentiary House

30. Indeterminate Sentencing
Private attorneys
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

31. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Sentence served simultaneously
New York (Auburn) System
90%
Shock Incarceration

32. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

33. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Fine
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Self-defense and insanity
House Arrest

34. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Property crimes

35. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Increasing
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Restitution

36. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
A fixed term of incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Revocation
Self-incrimination

37. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Halfway House
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
A crime that is considered especially immoral

38. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

39. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
A fixed term of incarceration
Substantive Rights
Private attorneys
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

40. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Boot Camp
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Enter a plea
Intake

41. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The local police
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

42. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Jail
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

43. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Society expects them to be criminals
Subpoena
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

44. Models of sentencing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

45. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Total Instutution
Anger Managment
Defense Attorney
The views of powerful elites in society

46. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Penitentiary House

47. Probation failure correlates to...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Self-defense and insanity

48. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The place and its charecteristics
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1.4 million

49. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Private attorneys
Public Defender
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

50. Challenged for cause
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects