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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Diversion

2. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Property crimes
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Social agent

3. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

4. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Probation
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

5. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Shock Probation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

6. Three Strikes Law
Public Defender
Fine
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Shock Probation

7. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Indigent Defendant
18
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

8. Alternative Correctional Institution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The procedural criminal law
Maximum-Security
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

9. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Community Service Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

10. Indeterminate Sentencing
Marriage
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
About 10 felony arrests per month

11. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Penitentiary House
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

12. Models of sentencing
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Defense Attorney
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

13. Verdict
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

14. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Total Instutution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Sentence served simultaneously

15. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Forfeiture
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

16. Statutory Jurisdiction
Restitution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
New York (Auburn) System
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

17. Determinate Sentencing
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Enter a plea
A fixed term of incarceration

18. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Community Service Restitution

19. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Indigent Defendant
Trial by a judge without jury
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

20. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Parole
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Summer

21. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Make-believe family
Boot Camp
Higher

22. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
18

23. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

24. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Marriage
Increasing
Social agent
1.4 million

25. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Recoupment

26. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Community Service Restitution
Probation Rules
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Parole

27. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Restorative Justice
Penitentiary House
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Community Treatment

28. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Indigent Defendant
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

29. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Revocation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

30. Miranda Rights...
Restitution
Higher
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

31. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Super Maximum-Security Prison

32. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Private attorneys
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Intake

33. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
90%
Super Maximum-Security Prison

34. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Sentence served one after another
Make-believe family
Summer
Obstacle course

35. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Trial by a judge without jury
Minimum-Security Prison
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Were considered highly educated in their time period

36. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Fine

37. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Summer
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pennsylvania System
The local police

38. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
The U.S. Marshall
Community Service Restitution
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

39. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Anger Managment
Intermediate Sanctions
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The FBI

40. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Recoupment
Shock Probation
New York (Auburn) System
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

41. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Prison
Young - male - minority - poor
The procedural criminal law

42. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Established customs and traditions
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The place and its charecteristics

43. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Trial by a judge without jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restitution

44. Mandatory Sentence
Parole
Restorative Justice
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

45. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
90%
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The U.S. Marshall
The FBI

46. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

47. Problem of Re-entry
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Private attorneys

48. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

49. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Revocation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

50. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Indigent Defendant
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons