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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Status Offenders
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Penitentiary House
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

2. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Went down steadily
Intake
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

3. Mandatory Sentence
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Assembly line
Jail
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

4. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Recoupment

5. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Summer

6. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
$200 billion

7. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served one after another

8. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Treatment
Community Service Restitution
Went down steadily
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

9. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Obstacle course
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Young - male - minority - poor

10. The substantive criminal law...
The procedural criminal law
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Marriage
Recoupment

11. Concurrent Jursidiction
Enter a plea
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

12. What is General Deterrence?
Intake
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Self-incrimination
Halfway House

13. Argument against the Death Penalty
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Grand Jury
16
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

14. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Intake
Make-believe family
Social agent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

15. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Anger Managment
18
The place and its charecteristics

16. Three Strikes Law
The views of powerful elites in society
Parole
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
nolle prosequi

17. Evidentiary Standard
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Shock Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Revocation

18. Miranda Rights...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Community Service Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The FBI

19. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

20. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Diversion
Self-defense and insanity
16

21. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Maximum-Security
About 10 felony arrests per month
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

22. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Furlough
Parole

23. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Pennsylvania System
Intake

24. Models of sentencing
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

25. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Community Treatment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

26. Competent Standard

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27. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Assembly line
Probation Rules
Recoupment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

28. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Intermediate Sanctions
Marriage

29. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Self-defense and insanity
Went down steadily
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

30. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Subpoena
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

31. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Shock Incarceration
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

32. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
About 10 felony arrests per month

33. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Day Fees
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Highway Patrol
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

34. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
New York (Auburn) System
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Revocation
Substantive Rights

35. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Young - male - minority - poor
Increasing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Indigent Defendant

36. Right to an impartial jury
Indigent Defendant
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1.4 million
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

37. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Penitentiary House
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

38. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Probation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Incarceration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

39. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Enter a plea
Property crimes
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

40. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Halfway House
Private attorneys
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

41. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Grand Jury
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Subpoena
Penitentiary House

42. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Restitution
Parole
New York (Auburn) System
Established customs and traditions

43. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Revocation
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Jail
The views of powerful elites in society

44. Delinquents
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

45. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Restitution
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The place and its charecteristics
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

46. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Diversion
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

47. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Marriage
Restitution
A fixed term of incarceration

48. Indeterminate Sentencing
Furlough
Forfeiture
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

49. Motion for a direct verdict
Marriage
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

50. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Restitution
nolle prosequi
Work Release
Self-incrimination