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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Intermediate Sanctions
Work Release
Established customs and traditions

2. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
nolle prosequi
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Substantive Rights

3. What is General Deterrence?
House Arrest
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

4. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Public Defender

5. Duties of probation officers
The procedural criminal law
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Should treat people of different classes equitably

6. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Maximum-Security
Probation Rules
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

7. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

8. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Recoupment
Self-defense and insanity
Work Release

9. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Forfeiture
Diversion
Enter a plea
Boot Camp

10. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Probation Rules

11. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Established customs and traditions
Work Release
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

12. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Grand Jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Parole

13. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Minimum-Security Prison
Total Instutution
Jail
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

14. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
The local police
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

15. Right to speedy trial
Obstacle course
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Established customs and traditions

16. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Restitution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Parole
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

17. Judicial Waiver
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

18. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
90%
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Maximum-Security
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

19. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Summer
Furlough
Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

20. What are characteristics of inmates
The local police
Young - male - minority - poor
New York (Auburn) System
The views of powerful elites in society

21. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Substantive Rights
16
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

22. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Work Release
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

23. Indeterminate Sentencing
Revocation
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
7 Million Americans

24. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Higher
Subpoena
Grand Jury
Indigent Defendant

25. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Marriage
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Sentence served one after another

26. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Pennsylvania System
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Total Instutution

27. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Property crimes
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Subpoena

28. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
18
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

29. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
The procedural criminal law
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The place and its charecteristics
Obstacle course

30. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
90%
Subpoena
Total Instutution

31. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Parole
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Higher

32. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Public Defender
Work Release

33. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The FBI
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

34. Statutory Jurisdiction
Went down steadily
Defense Attorney
Work Release
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

35. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Forfeiture
Highway Patrol
18
Parole

36. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Prison

37. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Assembly line
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

38. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Marriage
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

39. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Self-defense and insanity
Probation
Maximum-Security
The FBI

40. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
nolle prosequi
House Arrest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

41. Mandatory Sentence
Diversion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

42. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Indigent Defendant
Obstacle course
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1.4 million

43. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
7 Million Americans
Obstacle course
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Pennsylvania System

44. Concurrent Sentence
Jail
Sentence served simultaneously
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

45. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Day Fees
Highway Patrol
Self-incrimination
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

46. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Prison
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Parole

47. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Shock Probation
Diversion
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

48. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Intermediate Sanctions
Make-believe family
Established customs and traditions

49. Models of sentencing
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Super Maximum-Security Prison

50. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
1.4 million
Work Release
Young - male - minority - poor