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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Summer
House Arrest
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

2. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Maximum-Security

3. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Indigent Defendant
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

4. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Trial by a judge without jury
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

5. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
$200 billion
Assembly line
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
A fixed term of incarceration

6. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Community Service Restitution
Boot Camp

7. What is Duress?
Diversion
Trial by a judge without jury
Increasing
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

8. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Halfway House
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Forfeiture
Higher

9. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

10. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The FBI
Furlough

11. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Test for one's competents to stand trial

12. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Social agent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Minimum-Security Prison

13. Models of sentencing
Substantive Rights
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Defense Attorney
Revocation

14. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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15. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
16
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1.4 million

16. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Established customs and traditions
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

17. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
$200 billion
Sentence served simultaneously
Obstacle course
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

18. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Recoupment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

19. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Enter a plea
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

20. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Defense Attorney

21. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Restitution
Prison
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

22. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Went down steadily
Summer

23. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Intermediate Sanctions

24. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Grand Jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

25. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

26. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

27. Probation failure correlates to...
Revocation
The local police
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

28. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Highway Patrol
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Increasing
New York (Auburn) System

29. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Jail
Probation
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

30. What is General Deterrence?
The procedural criminal law
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

31. What are characteristics of inmates
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Young - male - minority - poor
Community Service Restitution
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

32. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Maximum-Security
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

33. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

34. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Revocation
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Jail

35. Right to confront witnesses
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Indigent Defendant

36. Right to speedy trial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Private attorneys
Grand Jury

37. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Grand Jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The U.S. Marshall
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

38. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Restitution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

39. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Parole
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

40. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Self-defense and insanity

41. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Restitution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Public Defender

42. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Property crimes
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Probation Rules
Prison

43. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Service Restitution
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

44. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Forfeiture
Recoupment
The views of powerful elites in society
Diversion

45. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Recoupment
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Community Treatment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

46. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Grand Jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The U.S. Marshall

47. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

48. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Subpoena
Intake
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

49. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Probation Rules
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Property crimes

50. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Maximum-Security
Make-believe family
Went down steadily