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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Trial Process
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

2. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Restorative Justice
Maximum-Security
Sentence served one after another

3. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
nolle prosequi
A crime that is considered especially immoral
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

4. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Went down steadily
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

5. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Intake

6. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1.4 million
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

7. Peremptory Challenge
Assembly line
Summer
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Super Maximum-Security Prison

8. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Jail
Revocation
Fine
90%

9. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Assembly line
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

10. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Substantive Rights
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

11. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intermediate Sanctions
Subpoena

12. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Furlough
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Public Defender
Prison

13. The sentence
1.4 million
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Intake

14. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

15. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

16. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Private attorneys
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

17. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Super Maximum-Security Prison

18. Duties of probation officers
Forfeiture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Work Release

19. Problems of Parole
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Restorative Justice
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

20. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The place and its charecteristics
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Make-believe family

21. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Diversion
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restitution

22. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Higher
90%
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

23. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
New York (Auburn) System
1.4 million

24. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Increasing
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

25. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

26. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Intermediate Sanctions
A fixed term of incarceration

27. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Grand Jury

28. Truth in Sentencing
Property crimes
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Probation Rules
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

29. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Revocation
Established customs and traditions
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

30. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Grand Jury
Total Instutution
Community Treatment

31. Problem of Re-entry
Summer
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

32. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Assembly line
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

33. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
The U.S. Marshall
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Work Release

34. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
$200 billion

35. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Indigent Defendant
16
Public Defender
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

36. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Subpoena
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

37. Indeterminate Sentencing
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The views of powerful elites in society
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

38. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Intake
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

39. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Restorative Justice
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

40. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
A fixed term of incarceration
Shock Incarceration

41. Capital Punishment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Trial by a judge without jury

42. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Day Fees
Summer
Social agent

43. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Young - male - minority - poor
Summer
Halfway House
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

44. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Anger Managment
Property crimes
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

45. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Grand Jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

46. Right to speedy trial
Fine
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
$200 billion
Probation

47. Concurrent Sentence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Boot Camp
Sentence served simultaneously
Restorative Justice

48. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Grand Jury
The views of powerful elites in society
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

49. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Highway Patrol
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

50. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
$200 billion
New York (Auburn) System

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