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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Summer
Defense Attorney
Indigent Defendant
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

2. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Subpoena
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

3. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Probation Rules
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

4. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Total Instutution
Went down steadily
16
Community Treatment

5. Bench Trial
The procedural criminal law
Trial by a judge without jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

6. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intermediate Sanctions

7. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Parole
Minimum-Security Prison
About 10 felony arrests per month

8. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The place and its charecteristics

9. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Property crimes
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

10. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

11. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Restitution
Penitentiary House
Established customs and traditions

12. Right to public trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The local police

13. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Probation Rules
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

14. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Grand Jury
18
Higher
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

15. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
1.4 million
Society expects them to be criminals
Self-defense and insanity
Obstacle course

16. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
$200 billion
Assembly line
The FBI
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

17. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Minimum-Security Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The FBI
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

18. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Parole
Intermediate Sanctions
Pre-Sentence Investigation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

19. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
90%
House Arrest
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

20. Problem of Re-entry
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Restorative Justice
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

21. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Sentence served one after another
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The FBI
The views of powerful elites in society

22. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Increasing
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Restorative Justice
Pre-Sentence Investigation

23. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Work Release

24. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Diversion
Highway Patrol
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

25. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Diversion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

26. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Sentence served one after another
The views of powerful elites in society
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

27. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

28. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
New York (Auburn) System
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

29. Status Offenders
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Diversion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

30. What is General Deterrence?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Trial by a judge without jury
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

31. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Recoupment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

32. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Furlough
Pre-Sentence Investigation
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

33. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Forfeiture
Pre-Sentence Investigation

34. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Probation Rules
Probation
Higher

35. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
About 10 felony arrests per month
1.4 million
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
A crime that is considered especially immoral

36. Consecutive sentence
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Sentence served one after another

37. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Grand Jury
Restorative Justice

38. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Revocation
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

39. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Private attorneys
House Arrest
About 10 felony arrests per month

40. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Enter a plea
Intake

41. Right to confront witnesses
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1.4 million
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

42. Judicial Waiver
Grand Jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

43. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
The place and its charecteristics
The local police
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

44. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Make-believe family
Grand Jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Substantive Rights

45. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Marriage
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

46. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Subpoena
nolle prosequi

47. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Jail
Anger Managment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

48. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Probation Rules
A fixed term of incarceration
Highway Patrol
Work Release

49. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Fine
Were considered highly educated in their time period

50. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Community Service Restitution
House Arrest
The views of powerful elites in society