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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

2. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Public Defender
Self-defense and insanity

3. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Obstacle course
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

4. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Highway Patrol
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Were considered highly educated in their time period

5. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

6. Judicial Waiver
Recoupment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

7. Evidentiary Standard
The local police
About 10 felony arrests per month
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

8. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Boot Camp
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

9. Probation failure correlates to...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

10. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Defense Attorney

11. Truth in Sentencing
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

12. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

13. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Anger Managment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Total Instutution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

14. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Grand Jury
Restorative Justice
Community Service Restitution

15. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Probation
Enter a plea

16. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Restorative Justice
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

17. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Minimum-Security Prison
Highway Patrol
Work Release
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

18. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Social agent
Property crimes
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

19. Right to public trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
90%
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

20. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The FBI
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The views of powerful elites in society

21. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
$200 billion
Revocation

22. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Total Instutution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The U.S. Marshall

23. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

24. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Minimum-Security Prison
Maximum-Security
Penitentiary House
The local police

25. Bench Trial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Defense Attorney
Trial by a judge without jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

26. Right to confront witnesses
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Halfway House

27. What is Duress?
Property crimes
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Public Defender

28. Verdict
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

29. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Highway Patrol
Enter a plea
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

30. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

31. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Day Fees
Recoupment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

32. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Probation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pennsylvania System

33. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Increasing
Young - male - minority - poor
Furlough
Pennsylvania System

34. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Parole
Revocation
Day Fees
New York (Auburn) System

35. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Day Fees
Total Instutution
Maximum-Security

36. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Intake
New York (Auburn) System
Shock Incarceration
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

37. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
House Arrest
7 Million Americans

38. Problems of Parole
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Grand Jury

39. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Indigent Defendant
Intermediate Sanctions
Community Service Restitution
Self-incrimination

40. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

41. Goals of Punishment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

42. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Minimum-Security Prison
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Pennsylvania System
Public Defender

43. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Established customs and traditions
Probation Rules

44. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Work Release

45. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Substantive Rights
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Established customs and traditions
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

46. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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47. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Boot Camp
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If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

48. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Jail
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

49. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Summer
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

50. Challenged for cause
Higher
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
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