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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Private attorneys
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Recoupment

2. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Self-incrimination
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

3. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Shock Probation
Highway Patrol
Marriage
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

4. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Shock Probation
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

5. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Grand Jury
About 10 felony arrests per month
16
1.4 million

6. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Highway Patrol
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Intermediate Sanctions

7. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Marriage
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
7 Million Americans
Trial by a judge without jury

8. Concurrent Jursidiction
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
nolle prosequi
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

9. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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10. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Boot Camp
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Substantive Rights
Young - male - minority - poor

11. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
7 Million Americans
Probation
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

12. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Highway Patrol
Make-believe family

13. Right to compulsory process
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

14. Motion for a direct verdict
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Shock Incarceration

15. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Indigent Defendant
Self-incrimination
Self-defense and insanity
Established customs and traditions

16. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Defense Attorney
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

17. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

18. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

19. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

20. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Sentence served simultaneously

21. Problems of Parole
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Day Fees

22. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Self-defense and insanity
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Fine

23. What is General Deterrence?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Jail
The views of powerful elites in society
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

24. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
7 Million Americans
Diversion

25. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Probation Rules
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Obstacle course
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

26. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Shock Incarceration
Enter a plea
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

27. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Jail
1.4 million
Self-defense and insanity
Society expects them to be criminals

28. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

29. Capital Punishment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The place and its charecteristics
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The U.S. Marshall

30. Right to an impartial judge
Shock Probation
Restorative Justice
Grand Jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

31. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Boot Camp
Higher
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Total Instutution

32. Jury Selection

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33. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intermediate Sanctions
Sentence served simultaneously

34. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Parole
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The place and its charecteristics

35. Problem of Re-entry
Public Defender
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Probation Rules

36. Truth in Sentencing
Enter a plea
18
$200 billion
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

37. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Fine
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

38. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Day Fees
Higher
Penitentiary House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

39. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Work Release
The views of powerful elites in society
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Defense Attorney

40. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
nolle prosequi
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

41. Competent Standard

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42. What are characteristics of inmates
Recoupment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Restorative Justice
Young - male - minority - poor

43. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1.4 million
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Substantive Rights
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

44. Delinquents
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Prison
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

45. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Boot Camp
Pennsylvania System
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Enter a plea

46. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
nolle prosequi
A fixed term of incarceration
Probation Rules
Social agent

47. Statutory Jurisdiction
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

48. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
90%
Social agent
The procedural criminal law
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

49. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Obstacle course

50. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
18
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Higher
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.