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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Day Fees
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The views of powerful elites in society

2. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Summer
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Social agent
Maximum-Security

3. Argument against the Death Penalty
Trial by a judge without jury
Diversion
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

4. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Went down steadily
The views of powerful elites in society
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

5. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
16

6. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Community Service Restitution
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Day Fees

7. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Restitution
Furlough
Total Instutution

8. Problem of Re-entry
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Restorative Justice

9. Models of sentencing
Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
House Arrest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

10. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Forfeiture
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Higher
Established customs and traditions

11. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The views of powerful elites in society
Subpoena

12. Delinquents
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Revocation
Social agent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

13. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Subpoena
Social agent

14. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Intake
Established customs and traditions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

15. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Pennsylvania System
Super Maximum-Security Prison
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

16. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
nolle prosequi
$200 billion
Jail

17. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
18
New York (Auburn) System
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Probation

18. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Enter a plea
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Substantive Rights
Sentence served simultaneously

19. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
A fixed term of incarceration
Trial by a judge without jury
Make-believe family

20. What is General Deterrence?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

21. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
New York (Auburn) System
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

22. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

23. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Self-defense and insanity
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The views of powerful elites in society
House Arrest

24. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Obstacle course
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

25. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Community Service Restitution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

26. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Sentence served one after another
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The place and its charecteristics

27. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
nolle prosequi
Enter a plea
Public Defender

28. Right to public trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

29. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Forfeiture

30. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
7 Million Americans
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

31. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Summer
Intake
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

32. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Intermediate Sanctions
Day Fees
About 10 felony arrests per month
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

33. Jury Selection

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34. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Total Instutution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

35. Verdict
Obstacle course
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

36. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

37. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

38. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Intermediate Sanctions
Pennsylvania System
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

39. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

40. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Highway Patrol
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
90%

41. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Intake
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Anger Managment

42. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
$200 billion
Private attorneys
House Arrest

43. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The procedural criminal law
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Highway Patrol

44. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Maximum-Security
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1.4 million

45. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

46. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1.4 million
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

47. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Intake
Highway Patrol
Higher

48. Right to an impartial jury
Shock Probation
The procedural criminal law
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

49. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
The procedural criminal law
The views of powerful elites in society
Furlough

50. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Sentence served one after another
Society expects them to be criminals
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Super Maximum-Security Prison

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Criminal Justice

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