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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Pennsylvania System

2. Determinate Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
A fixed term of incarceration
16
Private attorneys

3. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Diversion
About 10 felony arrests per month

4. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Intermediate Sanctions
Super Maximum-Security Prison
About 10 felony arrests per month
Restitution

5. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Jail
Maximum-Security
Restitution
The local police

6. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Public Defender
Trial by a judge without jury
Community Treatment

7. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Self-incrimination
Make-believe family
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation Rules

8. The sentence
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Minimum-Security Prison
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Property crimes

9. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Social agent
Summer

10. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Furlough
Obstacle course
New York (Auburn) System

11. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

12. Women Imprisoned
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
7 Million Americans
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

13. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Private attorneys
Penitentiary House
House Arrest

14. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
A fixed term of incarceration
Minimum-Security Prison
Forfeiture
Community Treatment

15. Status Offenders
Halfway House
Enter a plea
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

16. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Society expects them to be criminals
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

17. Judicial Waiver
Shock Probation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Went down steadily

18. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Anger Managment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Community Service Restitution

19. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
The views of powerful elites in society
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Boot Camp
18

20. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Went down steadily
Make-believe family

21. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Day Fees
Pennsylvania System
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

22. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Restorative Justice
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

23. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Grand Jury
Shock Probation

24. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Defense Attorney
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Intermediate Sanctions

25. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
House Arrest

26. Challenged for cause
Enter a plea
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Public Defender
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

27. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

28. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Maximum-Security
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Subpoena

29. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
House Arrest
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

30. Right to be competent at trail

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31. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
90%
The local police
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

32. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Defense Attorney
Higher
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Substantive Rights

33. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The local police
Work Release
Defense Attorney

34. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Indigent Defendant
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Highway Patrol
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

35. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Jail
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Maximum-Security

36. What are characteristics of inmates
Total Instutution
Prison
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Young - male - minority - poor

37. Miranda Rights...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Revocation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

38. Problems of Parole
nolle prosequi
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Highway Patrol
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

39. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Self-defense and insanity
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

40. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Recoupment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

41. Motion for a direct verdict
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

42. Capital Punishment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

43. Concurrent Sentence
Marriage
Intake
Sentence served simultaneously
A crime that is considered especially immoral

44. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Private attorneys
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Boot Camp

45. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
The procedural criminal law
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Social agent
Enter a plea

46. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Minimum-Security Prison
Should treat people of different classes equitably
7 Million Americans
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

47. Verdict
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

48. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Minimum-Security Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Jail

49. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Pennsylvania System
18
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

50. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Fine
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

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