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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The local police

2. Goals of Punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Established customs and traditions
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

3. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Should treat people of different classes equitably

4. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

5. What is General Deterrence?
Assembly line
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

6. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Probation Rules
Intermediate Sanctions
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

7. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
A fixed term of incarceration
Day Fees
House Arrest
Increasing

8. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intermediate Sanctions
7 Million Americans
The U.S. Marshall

9. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

10. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Assembly line
Obstacle course

11. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Forfeiture
Private attorneys
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

12. Right to be competent at trail

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13. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Property crimes
Society expects them to be criminals

14. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
7 Million Americans
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

15. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Boot Camp
Fine
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Obstacle course

16. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Subpoena
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

17. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Trial by a judge without jury
Subpoena

18. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
90%
A fixed term of incarceration
Minimum-Security Prison

19. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Probation
Summer
Property crimes
Shock Incarceration

20. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Self-incrimination
Furlough
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

21. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
7 Million Americans
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Day Fees

22. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Increasing
Private attorneys
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

23. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Recoupment
Young - male - minority - poor
Enter a plea

24. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
About 10 felony arrests per month
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Property crimes

25. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Forfeiture
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

26. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

27. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Revocation
Summer
Established customs and traditions

28. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Recoupment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

29. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Fine
Halfway House
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

30. Argument against the Death Penalty
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Property crimes

31. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Highway Patrol
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Maximum-Security
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

32. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Pennsylvania System
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

33. Judicial Waiver
House Arrest
Indigent Defendant
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
nolle prosequi

34. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Shock Probation
Boot Camp
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

35. Right to compulsory process
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

36. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Day Fees
The views of powerful elites in society
Probation Rules

37. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
16
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pre-Sentence Investigation

38. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Minimum-Security Prison
The local police

39. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Sentence served one after another
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Should treat people of different classes equitably

40. Motion for a direct verdict
Higher
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Established customs and traditions
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

41. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Minimum-Security Prison

42. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Sentence served one after another
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Self-incrimination
Marriage

43. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Penitentiary House
7 Million Americans

44. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
The procedural criminal law
Maximum-Security
Pennsylvania System
Minimum-Security Prison

45. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Pennsylvania System
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Work Release

46. Right to an impartial jury
Self-defense and insanity
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

47. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Work Release
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Anger Managment

48. Problems of Parole
Social agent
Recoupment
Anger Managment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

49. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Prison
Make-believe family
Intake

50. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Young - male - minority - poor
Private attorneys
Defense Attorney