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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Subpoena
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Increasing

2. The substantive criminal law...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

3. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Fine
Minimum-Security Prison

4. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Furlough
The place and its charecteristics
Summer

5. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
The place and its charecteristics
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

6. Truth in Sentencing
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Intake

7. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Shock Incarceration
Prison
Increasing
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

8. Verdict
House Arrest
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Property crimes
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

9. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Boot Camp
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

10. Right to speedy trial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1.4 million
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

11. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Probation Rules
Intake

12. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Revocation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

13. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Probation Rules
Increasing
1.4 million
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

14. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Intake
Fine
Restitution

15. Consecutive sentence
The local police
Halfway House
Trial by a judge without jury
Sentence served one after another

16. Concurrent Sentence
Test for one's competents to stand trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Sentence served simultaneously

17. Competent Standard

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18. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Substantive Rights
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Defense Attorney
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

19. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

20. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The place and its charecteristics
Self-defense and insanity
Self-incrimination
Fine

21. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Minimum-Security Prison
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Prison

22. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1.4 million
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
16

23. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1.4 million

24. Alternative Correctional Institution
Summer
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Indigent Defendant

25. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Fine
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Boot Camp

26. Duties of probation officers
Halfway House
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Subpoena
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

27. Good time
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Fine
About 10 felony arrests per month

28. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Self-defense and insanity
Prison
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

29. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

30. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

31. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1.4 million
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Day Fees

32. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
New York (Auburn) System
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

33. Problem of Re-entry
Social agent
Highway Patrol
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
18

34. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Community Treatment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Anger Managment
New York (Auburn) System

35. What are characteristics of inmates
Society expects them to be criminals
Private attorneys
Young - male - minority - poor
90%

36. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

37. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Community Treatment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Private attorneys

38. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Anger Managment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Fine
About 10 felony arrests per month

39. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Probation
The procedural criminal law
Grand Jury

40. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Anger Managment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

41. Statutory Jurisdiction
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Anger Managment
Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

42. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Community Service Restitution

43. Right to an impartial judge
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Shock Incarceration
Private attorneys

44. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Intermediate Sanctions
Private attorneys

45. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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46. Jury Selection

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47. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Minimum-Security Prison
Pennsylvania System
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Social agent

48. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

49. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Diversion
90%
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

50. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Probation