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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

2. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Grand Jury
Fine

3. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Diversion
Substantive Rights
Higher
Community Treatment

4. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
$200 billion

5. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Public Defender
Halfway House

6. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The U.S. Marshall
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

7. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Revocation
Jail
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

8. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

9. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Maximum-Security

10. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Total Instutution
$200 billion
Intermediate Sanctions

11. What is General Deterrence?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

12. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Super Maximum-Security Prison
A fixed term of incarceration

13. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Halfway House
Pre-Sentence Investigation

14. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
7 Million Americans
House Arrest
Penitentiary House

15. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

16. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Maximum-Security
Jail

17. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The FBI
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Super Maximum-Security Prison

18. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The place and its charecteristics
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Went down steadily

19. Women Imprisoned
Highway Patrol
Fine
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

20. Statutory Jurisdiction
nolle prosequi
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

21. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
The place and its charecteristics
Make-believe family
The FBI
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

22. Competent Standard

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23. Motion for a direct verdict
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Marriage
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The U.S. Marshall

24. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Marriage
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

25. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Social agent
Restorative Justice
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

26. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Private attorneys
New York (Auburn) System

27. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Recoupment
Work Release
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

28. What are characteristics of inmates
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Restorative Justice
Young - male - minority - poor

29. Right to be competent at trail

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30. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Boot Camp

31. Problem of Re-entry
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Grand Jury

32. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

33. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Recoupment
Penitentiary House
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Society expects them to be criminals

34. Truth in Sentencing
Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Were considered highly educated in their time period

35. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Summer

36. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
1.4 million
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

37. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Total Instutution
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Self-incrimination

38. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Recoupment
Furlough
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

39. Right to compulsory process
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
90%
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

40. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Increasing
Intake

41. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Pennsylvania System
Society expects them to be criminals
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Summer

42. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Higher
Shock Probation
Sentence served simultaneously

43. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Intake
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Prison
The U.S. Marshall

44. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Forfeiture
Shock Probation

45. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
18
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Day Fees
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

46. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Parole

47. Alternative Correctional Institution
Higher
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

48. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

49. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Substantive Rights
16
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

50. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Work Release
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Public Defender
Private attorneys