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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
The local police
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Public Defender
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

2. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Shock Probation
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
About 10 felony arrests per month

3. Competent Standard

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4. Right to counsel
Went down steadily
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

5. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Assembly line
Furlough
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Intermediate Sanctions

6. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

7. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Fine
Restitution
The local police
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

8. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Shock Incarceration
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

9. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Penitentiary House
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

10. Indeterminate Sentencing
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

11. Right to speedy trial
Halfway House
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Highway Patrol

12. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Established customs and traditions
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Halfway House

13. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Community Service Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

14. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Highway Patrol
Higher
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

15. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Day Fees
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

16. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Property crimes
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Subpoena
The views of powerful elites in society

17. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Restorative Justice
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

18. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Property crimes
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

19. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Minimum-Security Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
$200 billion

20. Judicial Waiver
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Went down steadily
Jail

21. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Fine
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Restorative Justice
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

22. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

23. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Indigent Defendant
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Summer

24. Miranda Rights...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

25. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Society expects them to be criminals
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Went down steadily
Jail

26. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Public Defender
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

27. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Total Instutution
1.4 million

28. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Higher
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Substantive Rights

29. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Penitentiary House
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Public Defender

30. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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31. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The views of powerful elites in society
Enter a plea

32. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Highway Patrol
Maximum-Security
Assembly line

33. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

34. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Social agent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

35. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Anger Managment
Went down steadily
Trial by a judge without jury

36. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Highway Patrol
A fixed term of incarceration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

37. Right to public trial
Sentence served simultaneously
Obstacle course
Highway Patrol
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

38. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Anger Managment
Shock Incarceration
Probation Rules

39. Evidentiary Standard
Fine
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Halfway House
$200 billion

40. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
7 Million Americans

41. Motion for a direct verdict
Probation Rules
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

42. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The U.S. Marshall
Went down steadily
Boot Camp

43. Goals of Punishment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights
1.4 million
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

44. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Day Fees
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

45. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Minimum-Security Prison
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

46. What is Duress?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Diversion

47. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Highway Patrol
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Private attorneys

48. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

49. Statutory Jurisdiction
Self-defense and insanity
The local police
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Recoupment

50. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Summer
Were considered highly educated in their time period