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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
nolle prosequi
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

2. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The views of powerful elites in society
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Highway Patrol

3. Motion for a direct verdict
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Pennsylvania System
Maximum-Security

4. Capital Punishment
The local police
Grand Jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Should treat people of different classes equitably

5. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Intermediate Sanctions
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Property crimes

6. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Jail
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

7. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Marriage

8. Competent Standard

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9. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Established customs and traditions
Assembly line
Penitentiary House

10. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
7 Million Americans
Anger Managment
Self-defense and insanity
About 10 felony arrests per month

11. Miranda Rights...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Property crimes

12. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Work Release
16
Community Treatment
The place and its charecteristics

13. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
House Arrest
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

14. Challenged for cause
Jail
Sentence served simultaneously
Probation Rules
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

15. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Increasing
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
A crime that is considered especially immoral

16. Right to confront witnesses
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Prison
Jail

17. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Shock Probation
Maximum-Security
Highway Patrol
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

18. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
$200 billion

19. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Young - male - minority - poor
Defense Attorney
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

20. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Trial by a judge without jury

21. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Society expects them to be criminals
Community Treatment
Halfway House

22. Judicial Waiver
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

23. Trial Process
Penitentiary House
Restorative Justice
Self-defense and insanity
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

24. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Substantive Rights

25. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Social agent
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Furlough
Test for one's competents to stand trial

26. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Social agent
Diversion
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

27. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Revocation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

28. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Restorative Justice
Went down steadily

29. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Intake
The place and its charecteristics
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

30. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Higher
90%
Super Maximum-Security Prison

31. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Fine
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Diversion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

32. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Minimum-Security Prison
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Boot Camp

33. Right to an impartial judge
Forfeiture
nolle prosequi
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

34. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Sentence served one after another
7 Million Americans
Maximum-Security

35. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Maximum-Security
The U.S. Marshall
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Pennsylvania System

36. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Increasing
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Test for one's competents to stand trial

37. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Furlough
$200 billion
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

38. Consecutive sentence
Maximum-Security
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Sentence served one after another

39. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Trial by a judge without jury
The local police
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

40. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Grand Jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Self-defense and insanity

41. Jury Selection

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42. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Restitution
Social agent
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

43. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Property crimes
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

44. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
A fixed term of incarceration
Summer
Highway Patrol
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

45. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Forfeiture
Substantive Rights
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Increasing

46. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Sentence served simultaneously
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
About 10 felony arrests per month

47. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

48. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Penitentiary House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Young - male - minority - poor
Probation

49. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Restorative Justice
Obstacle course
Penitentiary House
90%

50. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
7 Million Americans
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room