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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Recoupment

2. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Society expects them to be criminals
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Jail
Shock Incarceration

3. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Intermediate Sanctions
Substantive Rights
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

4. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Sentence served one after another
Shock Probation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

5. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Public Defender
Assembly line
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Summer

6. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Highway Patrol
Sentence served one after another
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

7. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Parole
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

8. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Penitentiary House

9. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Prison
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Total Instutution

10. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Jail
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Self-incrimination

11. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
House Arrest
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Established customs and traditions

12. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Highway Patrol
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

13. Competent Standard

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14. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Restorative Justice
Sentence served one after another
Substantive Rights
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

15. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The U.S. Marshall
Marriage

16. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Parole
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

17. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Sentence served one after another
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

18. What is General Deterrence?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Marriage
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Minimum-Security Prison

19. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
The procedural criminal law
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Intake
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

20. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Day Fees
Forfeiture
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

21. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Minimum-Security Prison
Private attorneys
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

22. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Shock Probation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

23. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Increasing
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Jail
Total Instutution

24. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Grand Jury
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Fine
Super Maximum-Security Prison

25. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Intermediate Sanctions

26. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Subpoena
Maximum-Security
Boot Camp

27. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Went down steadily
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

28. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
New York (Auburn) System
Community Treatment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

29. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Boot Camp

30. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Jail
Higher
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Restitution

31. Mandatory Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
16
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

32. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Total Instutution
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Enter a plea

33. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Society expects them to be criminals
1.4 million
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

34. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Forfeiture
Increasing
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

35. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Fine
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

36. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Public Defender
$200 billion
Young - male - minority - poor

37. Peremptory Challenge
Indigent Defendant
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

38. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
$200 billion
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

39. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
The FBI
New York (Auburn) System
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Marriage

40. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The place and its charecteristics
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

41. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Went down steadily
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

42. The substantive criminal law...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

43. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Pre-Sentence Investigation

44. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Social agent
Anger Managment
Young - male - minority - poor
The local police

45. Models of sentencing
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Fine

46. Motion for a direct verdict
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
House Arrest

47. Right to speedy trial
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1.4 million
Obstacle course

48. Determinate Sentencing
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
A fixed term of incarceration
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

49. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The views of powerful elites in society
Self-defense and insanity
Recoupment

50. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Grand Jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room