Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Duties of probation officers
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

2. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Trial by a judge without jury
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Summer
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

3. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
nolle prosequi
Probation Rules

4. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Summer
Halfway House
The place and its charecteristics
Defense Attorney

5. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Make-believe family
Went down steadily
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

6. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
7 Million Americans
Furlough
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

7. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
$200 billion
About 10 felony arrests per month
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Social agent

8. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Subpoena
Day Fees
The FBI
A crime that is considered especially immoral

9. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Shock Incarceration
$200 billion
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

10. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Subpoena

11. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Total Instutution
Grand Jury
Indigent Defendant
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

12. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Substantive Rights
Intermediate Sanctions
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Jail

13. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Went down steadily
7 Million Americans
Private attorneys

14. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Probation Rules
Went down steadily
Revocation
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

15. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Pre-Sentence Investigation
A crime that is considered especially immoral

16. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
The U.S. Marshall
Diversion
House Arrest
Shock Probation

17. Miranda Rights...
90%
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
$200 billion

18. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Obstacle course
Maximum-Security
Enter a plea

19. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Anger Managment

20. Models of sentencing
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Sentence served simultaneously
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

21. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

22. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Day Fees
Self-defense and insanity

23. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Diversion
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Recoupment

24. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Society expects them to be criminals
7 Million Americans
Furlough
Increasing

25. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

26. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Enter a plea

27. The substantive criminal law...
House Arrest
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Forfeiture
Increasing

28. Mandatory Sentence
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
90%
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

29. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Fine
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

30. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Diversion
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

31. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
$200 billion
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Community Treatment

32. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Diversion
Maximum-Security
The views of powerful elites in society
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

33. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defense Attorney
Make-believe family
Sentence served one after another

34. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
90%
Higher
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

35. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
The views of powerful elites in society
1.4 million
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

36. Right to compulsory process
16
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

37. Consecutive sentence
New York (Auburn) System
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1.4 million
Sentence served one after another

38. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Sentence served one after another
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Community Treatment
Self-defense and insanity

39. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Jail
Young - male - minority - poor
The local police

40. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Restorative Justice
Self-incrimination
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

41. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Subpoena
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Increasing

42. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

43. The sentence
Obstacle course
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
$200 billion

44. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Property crimes
Shock Probation
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Self-incrimination

45. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
House Arrest
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Highway Patrol
Community Service Restitution

46. Status Offenders
Society expects them to be criminals
The views of powerful elites in society
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Test for one's competents to stand trial

47. What are characteristics of inmates
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Young - male - minority - poor
Parole

48. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Went down steadily
Total Instutution

49. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Public Defender

50. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Revocation