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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Went down steadily
Maximum-Security
Public Defender

2. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Work Release
Recoupment
Community Service Restitution

3. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

4. Consecutive sentence
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Sentence served one after another

5. Jury Selection

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6. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Higher
Summer
The procedural criminal law

7. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

8. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Obstacle course
Intermediate Sanctions
Intake
Self-incrimination

9. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Prison
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

10. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
16
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

11. Right to compulsory process
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

12. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Young - male - minority - poor

13. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Property crimes
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

14. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Fine
Prison
Pre-Sentence Investigation

15. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Property crimes
Halfway House
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

16. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Total Instutution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Penitentiary House

17. Factors that Influence Sentencing
90%
The U.S. Marshall
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

18. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Public Defender
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The U.S. Marshall
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

19. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
House Arrest
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

20. Right to be competent at trail

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21. Duties of probation officers
Private attorneys
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

22. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Higher
Society expects them to be criminals
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

23. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Penitentiary House
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Boot Camp
Revocation

24. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

25. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

26. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Private attorneys
Restitution
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

27. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Prison
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

28. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Make-believe family
Indigent Defendant
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Self-defense and insanity

29. Verdict
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

30. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Higher
Intermediate Sanctions
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1.4 million

31. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Prison
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

32. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
18
Obstacle course

33. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Established customs and traditions
House Arrest

34. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

35. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
nolle prosequi
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Furlough

36. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Revocation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

37. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Indigent Defendant

38. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Diversion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

39. Bench Trial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Trial by a judge without jury

40. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Probation Rules
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

41. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Work Release
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Revocation
Subpoena

42. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Higher
Assembly line
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

43. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Boot Camp
Private attorneys
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

44. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Penitentiary House

45. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Property crimes
Parole
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

46. Mandatory Sentence
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Minimum-Security Prison
Summer

47. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young - male - minority - poor

48. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Obstacle course
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Minimum-Security Prison

49. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
House Arrest
Social agent
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
18

50. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Penitentiary House
About 10 felony arrests per month
Cruel and Unusual Punishment