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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Maximum-Security
The U.S. Marshall
Were considered highly educated in their time period

2. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
About 10 felony arrests per month
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

3. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Enter a plea
Established customs and traditions
Forfeiture
Intermediate Sanctions

4. Right to an impartial jury
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The views of powerful elites in society

5. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

6. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
90%
The U.S. Marshall
Intake
Community Service Restitution

7. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Subpoena
nolle prosequi
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

8. Trial Process
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
90%
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

9. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Jail
Summer

10. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Shock Probation
Intermediate Sanctions
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

11. Right to an impartial judge
Highway Patrol
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

12. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Higher
Pennsylvania System
Indigent Defendant
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

13. Mandatory Sentence
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

14. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Recoupment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

15. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
90%
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

16. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Public Defender
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

17. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Increasing
The FBI
Prison

18. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

19. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
$200 billion
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Halfway House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

20. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Subpoena
Prison
1.4 million
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

21. Jury Selection

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22. Challenged for cause
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Sentence served simultaneously

23. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
90%
Probation Rules

24. Delinquents
Pennsylvania System
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

25. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Increasing
Community Treatment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

26. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Marriage
Self-incrimination
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Total Instutution

27. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The procedural criminal law
Property crimes

28. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Intermediate Sanctions
$200 billion

29. Good time
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The U.S. Marshall

30. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Grand Jury
Diversion
Minimum-Security Prison
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

31. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Higher
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

32. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Property crimes
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

33. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
House Arrest
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Established customs and traditions

34. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
New York (Auburn) System
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Should treat people of different classes equitably

35. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Substantive Rights
Sentence served simultaneously
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Went down steadily

36. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
A fixed term of incarceration
Restitution
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

37. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Highway Patrol
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

38. Statutory Jurisdiction
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Pennsylvania System
Should treat people of different classes equitably
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

39. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Revocation
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Substantive Rights

40. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Recoupment
7 Million Americans
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

41. Motion for a direct verdict
Intake
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

42. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
nolle prosequi
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Total Instutution

43. Concurrent Jursidiction
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Anger Managment

44. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1.4 million
Marriage
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

45. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
nolle prosequi

46. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

47. Competent Standard

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48. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Obstacle course

49. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Anger Managment
Subpoena
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

50. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Intermediate Sanctions
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Parole