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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to be competent at trail

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2. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Recoupment
18

3. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Substantive Rights
Diversion

4. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The U.S. Marshall
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

5. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Self-incrimination
18
Young - male - minority - poor

6. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Halfway House
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

7. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Fine
Anger Managment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

8. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
18
Restitution

9. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Day Fees
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

10. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
New York (Auburn) System

11. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Prison
Parole
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

12. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Obstacle course
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

13. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Property crimes
Private attorneys

14. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Summer
Went down steadily
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

15. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Assembly line
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

16. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Higher
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Community Treatment

17. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The place and its charecteristics
Fine
Probation

18. Trial Process
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Pre-Sentence Investigation

19. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Established customs and traditions
House Arrest
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

20. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Obstacle course
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Day Fees

21. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
16
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

22. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Penitentiary House
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The U.S. Marshall

23. Goals of Punishment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

24. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
$200 billion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

25. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Furlough
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

26. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Restitution

27. Jury Selection

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28. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Penitentiary House
Sentence served one after another

29. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
The views of powerful elites in society
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Diversion
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

30. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Revocation
Probation
Probation Rules

31. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

32. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The views of powerful elites in society
The place and its charecteristics
Penitentiary House

33. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Forfeiture
Sentence served one after another
A crime that is considered especially immoral

34. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Subpoena
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
$200 billion
Restorative Justice

35. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The FBI
Marriage
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

36. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Forfeiture
Community Treatment
Social agent
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

37. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
The FBI
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

38. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Young - male - minority - poor
Minimum-Security Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

39. Problem of Re-entry
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Diversion

40. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Jail
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Maximum-Security

41. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
The U.S. Marshall
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

42. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Society expects them to be criminals
Halfway House
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

43. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Recoupment
Probation Rules
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

44. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Increasing
New York (Auburn) System

45. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
About 10 felony arrests per month
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Furlough

46. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Subpoena
The views of powerful elites in society

47. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Self-defense and insanity

48. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Work Release
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

49. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Fine
7 Million Americans
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

50. Delinquents
The U.S. Marshall
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons