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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Miranda Rights...
Social agent
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
A fixed term of incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

2. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Minimum-Security Prison
Work Release

3. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Social agent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

4. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

5. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Probation Rules
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

6. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Shock Incarceration
Jail
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

7. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Total Instutution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Shock Probation

8. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1.4 million
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

9. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Revocation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

10. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

11. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Diversion
Anger Managment

12. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The U.S. Marshall
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Test for one's competents to stand trial

13. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Jail
Grand Jury
The place and its charecteristics
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

14. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Public Defender
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
A crime that is considered especially immoral
18

15. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Society expects them to be criminals
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Went down steadily

16. Jury Selection

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17. Concurrent Jursidiction
Make-believe family
Restorative Justice
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

18. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Shock Probation

19. Probation failure correlates to...
Assembly line
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Jail
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

20. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Service Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

21. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
7 Million Americans

22. Indeterminate Sentencing
Test for one's competents to stand trial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

23. Consecutive sentence
Assembly line
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Sentence served one after another
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

24. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
About 10 felony arrests per month
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

25. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1.4 million
The local police

26. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

27. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Higher
Pennsylvania System

28. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Trial by a judge without jury
Community Treatment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Anger Managment

29. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Defense Attorney
Community Treatment

30. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The procedural criminal law

31. Problem of Re-entry
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Higher
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

32. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The views of powerful elites in society
The procedural criminal law
Marriage

33. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

34. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Community Service Restitution
Summer

35. Right to be competent at trail

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36. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Community Treatment

37. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
The U.S. Marshall
Restitution
Enter a plea
A crime that is considered especially immoral

38. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Penitentiary House

39. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Probation Rules
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

40. Good time
Parole
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Indigent Defendant

41. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Shock Incarceration
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

42. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
$200 billion

43. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Property crimes
The procedural criminal law
Boot Camp
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

44. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Social agent
nolle prosequi
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

45. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Revocation
Parole
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

46. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

47. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Higher
Restorative Justice
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

48. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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49. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

50. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
The U.S. Marshall
Grand Jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Community Treatment