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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Alternative Correctional Institution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Jail

2. Evidentiary Standard
Parole
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Trial by a judge without jury
House Arrest

3. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Highway Patrol

4. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Boot Camp
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Young - male - minority - poor

5. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Maximum-Security
Higher
About 10 felony arrests per month
Assembly line

6. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Public Defender
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

7. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Substantive Rights
Furlough

8. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Self-incrimination
$200 billion
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

9. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Social agent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

10. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Probation

11. Women Imprisoned
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

12. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Prison
The FBI
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Recoupment

13. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Restitution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

14. What is General Deterrence?
Recoupment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Enter a plea
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

15. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Private attorneys
Super Maximum-Security Prison
90%
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

16. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Probation Rules
Private attorneys
Community Service Restitution
Trial by a judge without jury

17. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Forfeiture
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Obstacle course

18. Right to an impartial jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

19. Truth in Sentencing
Boot Camp
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

20. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Community Service Restitution
nolle prosequi
Private attorneys

21. Probation failure correlates to...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Summer
Restorative Justice
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

22. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1.4 million
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

23. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Shock Incarceration
Went down steadily
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

24. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

25. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Social agent
The local police
$200 billion

26. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Boot Camp

27. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Penitentiary House
Trial by a judge without jury
Self-defense and insanity

28. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Revocation
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

29. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Day Fees
Work Release
Furlough
The views of powerful elites in society

30. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
The FBI
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Self-incrimination
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

31. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Boot Camp
Community Service Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

32. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Community Service Restitution
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

33. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Penitentiary House
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
$200 billion

34. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Pennsylvania System
16
Substantive Rights

35. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Community Service Restitution
Penitentiary House
Restitution

36. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Public Defender
Trial by a judge without jury
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Community Treatment

37. Three Strikes Law
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Pre-Sentence Investigation

38. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Increasing
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
New York (Auburn) System
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

39. Delinquents
Grand Jury
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Super Maximum-Security Prison

40. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights
Highway Patrol

41. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
90%
Enter a plea
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Sentence served simultaneously

42. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Marriage
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Enter a plea
Obstacle course

43. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Furlough
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

44. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Highway Patrol
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Went down steadily

45. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Summer
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

46. Challenged for cause
Halfway House
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

47. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Pre-Sentence Investigation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

48. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
About 10 felony arrests per month
Community Service Restitution

49. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
1.4 million
Probation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The FBI

50. Indeterminate Sentencing
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The U.S. Marshall
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment