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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
18

2. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Minimum-Security Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

3. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
New York (Auburn) System
The place and its charecteristics
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

4. Good time
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

5. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Day Fees
Penitentiary House

6. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Prison
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Forfeiture
Self-incrimination

7. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Substantive Rights

8. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
The views of powerful elites in society
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Penitentiary House

9. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Community Treatment
Grand Jury
Public Defender

10. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Went down steadily
Private attorneys

11. What are characteristics of inmates
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Young - male - minority - poor
Assembly line
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

12. Right to speedy trial
Marriage
Went down steadily
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

13. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Property crimes
Intake
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The local police

14. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Probation Rules
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

15. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Prison
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Grand Jury

16. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

17. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Pennsylvania System
7 Million Americans
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

18. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Recoupment
Probation Rules
Highway Patrol
Summer

19. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Work Release
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Furlough
Anger Managment

20. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Grand Jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
7 Million Americans
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

21. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
A crime that is considered especially immoral

22. Judicial Waiver
Fine
The place and its charecteristics
Sentence served one after another
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

23. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Minimum-Security Prison
Community Treatment
Indigent Defendant

24. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Revocation
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Self-defense and insanity

25. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Halfway House
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Penitentiary House

26. Right to be competent at trail

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27. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Self-defense and insanity
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Defense Attorney
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

28. Statutory Jurisdiction
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The local police
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

29. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Anger Managment
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Shock Incarceration
$200 billion

30. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Shock Probation

31. Trial Process
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

32. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Minimum-Security Prison
nolle prosequi

33. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

34. Bench Trial
Enter a plea
Shock Incarceration
The views of powerful elites in society
Trial by a judge without jury

35. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Day Fees
Revocation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

36. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Highway Patrol
Recoupment

37. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
18
The place and its charecteristics

38. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
House Arrest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Anger Managment
Test for one's competents to stand trial

39. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Super Maximum-Security Prison

40. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The procedural criminal law
Pennsylvania System
Went down steadily

41. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Penitentiary House
7 Million Americans
Total Instutution

42. Problem of Re-entry
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

43. Miranda Rights...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

44. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Marriage
Grand Jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

45. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Self-incrimination
The procedural criminal law
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Were considered highly educated in their time period

46. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Recoupment

47. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Intermediate Sanctions
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

48. Motion for a direct verdict
nolle prosequi
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The procedural criminal law

49. Mandatory Sentence
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Parole
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Public Defender

50. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Restitution
Parole
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial