Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Work Release
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1.4 million

2. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Obstacle course
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

3. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Intake
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Day Fees
Shock Incarceration

4. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
A fixed term of incarceration
House Arrest
16

5. Good time
Restorative Justice
Diversion
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Fine

6. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The place and its charecteristics

7. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Defense Attorney
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

8. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
$200 billion
Society expects them to be criminals
Diversion

9. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Maximum-Security

10. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Young - male - minority - poor
Intermediate Sanctions
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

11. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
18

12. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
New York (Auburn) System
Marriage
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Prison

13. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Minimum-Security Prison
Young - male - minority - poor
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Parole

14. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Diversion
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

15. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Increasing
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

16. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

17. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Day Fees

18. Argument against the Death Penalty
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Make-believe family
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

19. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Restitution
Pennsylvania System
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Revocation

20. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Substantive Rights
Probation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
16

21. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Anger Managment
Self-defense and insanity
Fine
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

22. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Grand Jury
Shock Incarceration
Increasing
Total Instutution

23. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Boot Camp

24. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Obstacle course
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

25. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Indigent Defendant
Marriage
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

26. Right to compulsory process
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

27. Problems of Parole
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

28. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Grand Jury
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

29. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Public Defender
The FBI
Private attorneys

30. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Community Service Restitution

31. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Enter a plea
Marriage
Test for one's competents to stand trial

32. Right to an impartial judge
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
About 10 felony arrests per month
Total Instutution

33. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Grand Jury
Defense Attorney

34. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Sentence served simultaneously
7 Million Americans
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

35. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Fine
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

36. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Increasing

37. Capital Punishment
18
Self-defense and insanity
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

38. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

39. Right to counsel
Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Work Release
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

40. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Public Defender
The procedural criminal law

41. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Work Release
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
90%
Indigent Defendant

42. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Work Release
Sentence served simultaneously

43. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Established customs and traditions
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
16

44. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
A fixed term of incarceration

45. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Substantive Rights
Intermediate Sanctions
Subpoena
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

46. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
$200 billion
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

47. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Revocation
Summer
Obstacle course

48. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
7 Million Americans
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intake
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

49. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Grand Jury

50. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Boot Camp
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.