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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Day Fees
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

2. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Maximum-Security
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

3. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Self-defense and insanity

4. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Shock Incarceration

5. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
18
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Revocation
Social agent

6. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Anger Managment
The place and its charecteristics
Established customs and traditions

7. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Maximum-Security
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

8. Motion for a direct verdict
Shock Probation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Pennsylvania System
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

9. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

10. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Public Defender
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

11. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
16
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
nolle prosequi

12. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Make-believe family
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

13. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Defense Attorney
Community Service Restitution

14. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Went down steadily
18
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

15. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Young - male - minority - poor
Shock Incarceration
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

16. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Enter a plea
Summer
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

17. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Shock Incarceration
7 Million Americans
Pennsylvania System

18. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Indigent Defendant
The procedural criminal law
Pennsylvania System
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

19. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Self-incrimination
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
18

20. Competent Standard

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21. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Make-believe family
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

22. Evidentiary Standard
Summer
Intermediate Sanctions
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

23. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Work Release
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Increasing

24. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Higher
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Social agent

25. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established customs and traditions

26. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The local police
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Fine

27. Good time
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Forfeiture
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

28. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Halfway House
Parole
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Work Release

29. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Subpoena

30. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

31. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Summer
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

32. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
90%
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Shock Probation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

33. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
7 Million Americans
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation

34. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Established customs and traditions
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Diversion

35. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
House Arrest
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
A crime that is considered especially immoral

36. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 10 felony arrests per month
Boot Camp
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

37. Indeterminate Sentencing
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Anger Managment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Day Fees

38. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Intake
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

39. Right to compulsory process
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Parole
16
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

40. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Anger Managment
A fixed term of incarceration
Marriage

41. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The FBI
Sentence served one after another
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

42. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Young - male - minority - poor
16
90%
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

43. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Sentence served simultaneously
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Revocation
New York (Auburn) System

44. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Substantive Rights
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

45. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Marriage
Jail
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

46. Concurrent Jursidiction
Minimum-Security Prison
Self-incrimination
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Summer

47. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Public Defender
18
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Work Release

48. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Sentence served one after another
Subpoena
Forfeiture

49. Right to speedy trial
Work Release
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

50. Probation failure correlates to...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
16