Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Probation Rules
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

2. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Community Service Restitution
The U.S. Marshall
Work Release

3. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
7 Million Americans
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Pre-Sentence Investigation
nolle prosequi

4. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Private attorneys

5. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Self-incrimination
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Established customs and traditions
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

6. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Established customs and traditions
Pennsylvania System

7. The substantive criminal law...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Trial by a judge without jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

8. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
nolle prosequi
Established customs and traditions
Community Service Restitution
Pennsylvania System

9. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Diversion
7 Million Americans
Shock Incarceration

10. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Property crimes
Marriage
Subpoena
New York (Auburn) System

11. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Assembly line
Prison
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

12. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Total Instutution
Went down steadily
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

13. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Private attorneys
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Young - male - minority - poor
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

14. Right to compulsory process
Recoupment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
7 Million Americans
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

15. Delinquents
Public Defender
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

16. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Day Fees
Total Instutution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

17. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
$200 billion
House Arrest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

18. Probation failure correlates to...
Indigent Defendant
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

19. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Halfway House
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
7 Million Americans
Revocation

20. Status Offenders
Established customs and traditions
The procedural criminal law
Society expects them to be criminals
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

21. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Total Instutution
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

22. Concurrent Jursidiction
Went down steadily
Self-defense and insanity
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Subpoena

23. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
The local police
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Halfway House
Were considered highly educated in their time period

24. Problem of Re-entry
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

25. Models of sentencing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

26. Women Imprisoned
Shock Incarceration
90%
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

27. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Increasing
Subpoena
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Shock Incarceration

28. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Anger Managment
Subpoena
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

29. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

30. Right to counsel
The views of powerful elites in society
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

31. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Property crimes

32. The sentence
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family

33. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Self-incrimination
Work Release

34. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

35. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Shock Incarceration
7 Million Americans
The U.S. Marshall

36. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Recoupment

37. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Obstacle course
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

38. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Jail
Intake

39. Determinate Sentencing
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Were considered highly educated in their time period
A fixed term of incarceration
Marriage

40. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

41. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Probation
1.4 million
Self-defense and insanity
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

42. What are characteristics of inmates
Anger Managment
16
Young - male - minority - poor
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

43. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

44. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Public Defender
Subpoena
Fine
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

45. Concurrent Sentence
Self-defense and insanity
Sentence served simultaneously
The FBI
Probation

46. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Probation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

47. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

48. Competent Standard

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

49. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Society expects them to be criminals
90%
Restorative Justice
Shock Probation

50. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Make-believe family
Subpoena