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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Fine
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

2. Right to confront witnesses
7 Million Americans
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

3. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Diversion
House Arrest
Grand Jury
Indigent Defendant

4. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Community Service Restitution
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
16

5. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Self-defense and insanity
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Anger Managment

6. Evidentiary Standard
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Fine
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

7. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
1.4 million
Total Instutution
Work Release
Halfway House

8. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The procedural criminal law
nolle prosequi
Sentence served simultaneously

9. Alternative Correctional Institution
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Intake
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

10. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Day Fees

11. Competent Standard

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12. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Went down steadily
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Substantive Rights
Work Release

13. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Social agent
Young - male - minority - poor
The local police

14. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Prison
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The U.S. Marshall

15. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Community Service Restitution

16. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Maximum-Security
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Restitution
Minimum-Security Prison

17. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

18. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Total Instutution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

19. Delinquents
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Marriage
Went down steadily
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

20. Trial Process
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Went down steadily
Summer
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

21. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Grand Jury
The procedural criminal law
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
A fixed term of incarceration

22. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 10 felony arrests per month
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Fine

23. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Established customs and traditions
1.4 million
The local police

24. Verdict
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Boot Camp
Anger Managment

25. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Sentence served one after another
Summer
Boot Camp
Super Maximum-Security Prison

26. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Shock Incarceration
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

27. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Defense Attorney
Increasing

28. Capital Punishment
Probation
New York (Auburn) System
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

29. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Trial by a judge without jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

30. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Probation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Prison
The U.S. Marshall

31. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Probation
Recoupment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

32. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Went down steadily
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Halfway House
Intermediate Sanctions

33. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The place and its charecteristics

34. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Parole
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
7 Million Americans
Defense Attorney

35. Three Strikes Law
Summer
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Day Fees
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

36. Goals of Punishment
Probation
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Prison
Restitution

37. Right to compulsory process
Penitentiary House
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Super Maximum-Security Prison

38. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Diversion
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

39. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intake
$200 billion
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

40. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Assembly line

41. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Intake
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Defense Attorney
Shock Probation

42. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
The local police
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Forfeiture

43. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Marriage
Boot Camp
Restorative Justice
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

44. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Furlough
Community Treatment
Indigent Defendant

45. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

46. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Maximum-Security

47. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Forfeiture
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Grand Jury
The FBI

48. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Sentence served simultaneously

49. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Day Fees
18
Assembly line
Intermediate Sanctions

50. Determinate Sentencing
Highway Patrol
Test for one's competents to stand trial
A fixed term of incarceration
Super Maximum-Security Prison