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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Bench Trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Trial by a judge without jury
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

2. Duties of probation officers
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
House Arrest

3. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Shock Probation
The views of powerful elites in society
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

4. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The views of powerful elites in society
Assembly line
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

5. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Parole
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Probation Rules
Community Treatment

6. What is General Deterrence?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
90%

7. Consecutive sentence
Diversion
Sentence served one after another
Anger Managment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

8. Challenged for cause
Self-defense and insanity
Community Treatment
About 10 felony arrests per month
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

9. Concurrent Sentence
Community Treatment
Sentence served simultaneously
7 Million Americans
Assembly line

10. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Public Defender
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

11. Good time
Indigent Defendant
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Intake

12. The substantive criminal law...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Intermediate Sanctions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

13. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Shock Probation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Intake

14. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Maximum-Security
The U.S. Marshall
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

15. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Private attorneys
Defense Attorney
Restitution

16. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Day Fees
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

17. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
18
Super Maximum-Security Prison

18. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

19. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Increasing
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Jail
Went down steadily

20. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Intermediate Sanctions
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Fine
Minimum-Security Prison

21. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
House Arrest
7 Million Americans

22. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Went down steadily
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
A fixed term of incarceration

23. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Sentence served simultaneously
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

24. Right to be competent at trail

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25. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Increasing
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1.4 million

26. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Shock Incarceration
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

27. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Intermediate Sanctions
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Revocation

28. The sentence
The U.S. Marshall
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

29. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Defense Attorney
House Arrest
Enter a plea
Shock Incarceration

30. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Anger Managment

31. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Property crimes
New York (Auburn) System
90%

32. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
About 10 felony arrests per month
Parole
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

33. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Penitentiary House
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Community Treatment

34. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The U.S. Marshall

35. Trial Process
New York (Auburn) System
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Parole
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

36. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Defense Attorney
Substantive Rights
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

37. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Social agent
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

38. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The FBI
Halfway House
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

39. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
The FBI
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

40. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Self-incrimination
nolle prosequi
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Restitution

41. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Minimum-Security Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

42. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Were considered highly educated in their time period
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

43. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Grand Jury
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

44. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Shock Probation
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

45. What is Duress?
1.4 million
Prison
Probation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

46. Concurrent Jursidiction
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
$200 billion
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

47. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Went down steadily
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

48. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Grand Jury
Self-incrimination
Obstacle course

49. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Social agent
Pennsylvania System
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 10 felony arrests per month

50. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Society expects them to be criminals
Social agent
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
$200 billion