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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

2. Concurrent Sentence
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Sentence served one after another
Sentence served simultaneously

3. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
16
Community Service Restitution
Increasing
Recoupment

4. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Halfway House
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

5. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Substantive Rights
Anger Managment

6. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Restitution

7. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Social agent
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

8. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Intake
Increasing
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

9. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Private attorneys
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

10. Concurrent Jursidiction
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Established customs and traditions
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

11. Problems of Parole
Recoupment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

12. Right to be competent at trail

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13. Jury Selection

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14. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Marriage
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

15. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The U.S. Marshall
Established customs and traditions
$200 billion

16. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
18

17. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Subpoena
Social agent
Furlough

18. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Shock Probation
7 Million Americans
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

19. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Self-incrimination
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Increasing

20. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Parole
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

21. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Went down steadily

22. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Fine
Probation Rules
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Trial by a judge without jury

23. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Marriage
Probation Rules

24. Verdict
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Self-defense and insanity
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

25. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
House Arrest
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

26. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Pennsylvania System
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Furlough

27. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Boot Camp
Prison
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Subpoena

28. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The local police
The views of powerful elites in society
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-defense and insanity

29. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
nolle prosequi
Private attorneys
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

30. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defense Attorney
Substantive Rights
Trial by a judge without jury

31. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Social agent
Make-believe family
Minimum-Security Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

32. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Assembly line
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

33. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Assembly line
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

34. Goals of Punishment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
16
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
About 10 felony arrests per month

35. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Society expects them to be criminals
90%
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

36. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1.4 million
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

37. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Went down steadily
The U.S. Marshall

38. Problem of Re-entry
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Summer
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

39. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Intermediate Sanctions
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

40. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Maximum-Security
The procedural criminal law
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

41. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
$200 billion
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

42. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Substantive Rights
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
nolle prosequi
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

43. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Increasing
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Make-believe family
Shock Incarceration

44. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served one after another
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Young - male - minority - poor

45. Competent Standard

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46. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Furlough
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Boot Camp

47. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Probation Rules
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The U.S. Marshall

48. Trial Process
Marriage
Probation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Penitentiary House

49. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Obstacle course
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

50. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Make-believe family