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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Higher
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Maximum-Security
Property crimes

2. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

3. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
18
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

4. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Public Defender
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

5. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Young - male - minority - poor
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

6. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Property crimes

7. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
About 10 felony arrests per month
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Pennsylvania System
Defense Attorney

8. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Higher
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Obstacle course
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

9. What is General Deterrence?
New York (Auburn) System
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Young - male - minority - poor

10. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Parole
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Defense Attorney

11. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Grand Jury
Substantive Rights

12. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

13. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Prison
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Make-believe family
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

14. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Young - male - minority - poor
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Society expects them to be criminals
Obstacle course

15. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
A fixed term of incarceration
Restitution
Minimum-Security Prison

16. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

17. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Shock Incarceration
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Increasing

18. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Grand Jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

19. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

20. Judicial Waiver
90%
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

21. Bench Trial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Trial by a judge without jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The place and its charecteristics

22. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The U.S. Marshall
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Work Release

23. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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24. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The U.S. Marshall
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

25. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Self-incrimination
Society expects them to be criminals

26. Duties of probation officers
Substantive Rights
Jail
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

27. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

28. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Shock Probation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1.4 million
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

29. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
House Arrest
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

30. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
New York (Auburn) System

31. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

32. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
90%
Maximum-Security
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

33. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
nolle prosequi
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

34. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Parole
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The U.S. Marshall
Halfway House

35. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Defense Attorney
Social agent
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

36. Competent Standard

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37. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Defense Attorney
Probation Rules
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

38. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Self-incrimination
Day Fees
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The local police

39. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The place and its charecteristics

40. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

41. Challenged for cause
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

42. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Highway Patrol
Shock Incarceration
The views of powerful elites in society

43. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The place and its charecteristics
Summer
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

44. Capital Punishment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

45. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The views of powerful elites in society
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

46. Alternative Correctional Institution
Work Release
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

47. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1.4 million
New York (Auburn) System
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

48. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Diversion
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

49. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

50. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver