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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to be competent at trail

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2. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Social agent
The U.S. Marshall
The procedural criminal law
The local police

3. Good time
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

4. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The place and its charecteristics
Marriage
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

5. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Day Fees
New York (Auburn) System
$200 billion
Should treat people of different classes equitably

6. Peremptory Challenge
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

7. What is General Deterrence?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

8. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Community Service Restitution

9. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The procedural criminal law
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The U.S. Marshall

10. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Pennsylvania System
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

11. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The local police
Substantive Rights

12. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Probation

13. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
The FBI
Trial by a judge without jury
Pennsylvania System
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

14. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Super Maximum-Security Prison
7 Million Americans
Self-incrimination

15. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Diversion
Should treat people of different classes equitably

16. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Day Fees

17. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

18. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Property crimes
Self-defense and insanity
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

19. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Halfway House
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

20. Bench Trial
Young - male - minority - poor
Social agent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Trial by a judge without jury

21. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

22. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
18
90%

23. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Day Fees
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Penitentiary House

24. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Community Service Restitution

25. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Probation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Revocation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

26. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Young - male - minority - poor
16

27. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Minimum-Security Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Obstacle course
Were considered highly educated in their time period

28. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Shock Probation
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Forfeiture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

29. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Pennsylvania System
Enter a plea

30. Competent Standard

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31. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Diversion
Young - male - minority - poor
1.4 million
nolle prosequi

32. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Halfway House
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

33. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Society expects them to be criminals
Summer
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

34. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Property crimes
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Summer
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

35. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Pennsylvania System
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

36. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Community Service Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society

37. Problems of Parole
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Make-believe family
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
7 Million Americans

38. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Sentence served simultaneously
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

39. Argument against the Death Penalty
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Test for one's competents to stand trial

40. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Intake
Pre-Sentence Investigation

41. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Went down steadily
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Pre-Sentence Investigation

42. The sentence
7 Million Americans
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

43. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation Rules
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

44. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Highway Patrol
Intermediate Sanctions
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

45. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Penitentiary House

46. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Established customs and traditions

47. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Intake
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
$200 billion
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

48. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

49. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
90%
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Community Service Restitution

50. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Society expects them to be criminals
7 Million Americans
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The U.S. Marshall