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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Property crimes
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

2. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Pennsylvania System
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Private attorneys
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

3. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Summer
Anger Managment
The local police

4. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
nolle prosequi
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

5. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
The FBI
Boot Camp
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

6. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Assembly line
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

7. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Enter a plea
Defense Attorney

8. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Total Instutution
A fixed term of incarceration
The procedural criminal law

9. Right to an impartial judge
Summer
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

10. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1.4 million
Furlough

11. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Parole
Jail

12. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Social agent

13. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
About 10 felony arrests per month
Probation Rules
18

14. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Prison
7 Million Americans

15. Competent Standard

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16. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Enter a plea
Higher
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Sentence served one after another

17. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Revocation
Went down steadily
Furlough
The U.S. Marshall

18. Right to be competent at trail

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19. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Social agent
House Arrest
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

20. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Substantive Rights
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

21. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
7 Million Americans
Parole

22. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The place and its charecteristics
Halfway House

23. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Restorative Justice
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Self-incrimination

24. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Jail
New York (Auburn) System
Obstacle course

25. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Shock Probation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

26. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Penitentiary House
Fine
New York (Auburn) System
Day Fees

27. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Sentence served simultaneously

28. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Penitentiary House
Young - male - minority - poor

29. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Intake

30. Models of sentencing
Revocation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

31. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

32. What is Duress?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Revocation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

33. Duties of probation officers
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1.4 million
16

34. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

35. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Substantive Rights
Public Defender
Shock Probation

36. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Higher
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
A fixed term of incarceration

37. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The procedural criminal law
Social agent

38. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Highway Patrol
Prison
Make-believe family
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

39. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Service Restitution
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Highway Patrol

40. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Recoupment
Self-defense and insanity
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

41. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Substantive Rights
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Shock Incarceration
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

42. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
18
Subpoena

43. Argument against the Death Penalty
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Probation Rules
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

44. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Public Defender
Assembly line
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

45. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Highway Patrol
Restitution
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
90%

46. Judicial Waiver
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
About 10 felony arrests per month

47. Three Strikes Law
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Penitentiary House

48. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Intermediate Sanctions
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
A crime that is considered especially immoral

49. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The local police
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

50. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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