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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Restorative Justice
The views of powerful elites in society
Obstacle course
Grand Jury

2. Determinate Sentencing
Revocation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
A fixed term of incarceration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

3. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Highway Patrol
The FBI
The procedural criminal law

4. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Work Release
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

5. Judicial Waiver
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Fine
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

6. What are characteristics of inmates
Enter a plea
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Young - male - minority - poor

7. Right to public trial
Work Release
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Trial by a judge without jury

8. Challenged for cause
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Enter a plea
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

9. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Should treat people of different classes equitably
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

10. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Prison
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Young - male - minority - poor
Assembly line

11. Good time
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Furlough
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

12. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
nolle prosequi
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

13. Trial Process
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Private attorneys
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

14. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Society expects them to be criminals
Probation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

15. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Enter a plea
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

16. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Restitution
Halfway House
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Forfeiture

17. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Sentence served one after another
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Restorative Justice
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

18. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

19. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Property crimes

20. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
7 Million Americans
Shock Incarceration

21. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Penitentiary House

22. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Community Service Restitution
Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

23. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Pennsylvania System
Make-believe family
7 Million Americans
New York (Auburn) System

24. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Subpoena
Halfway House
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

25. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The FBI
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

26. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Established customs and traditions

27. Duties of probation officers
Make-believe family
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

28. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Higher

29. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1.4 million
Sentence served simultaneously
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

30. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Established customs and traditions
About 10 felony arrests per month
Prison
$200 billion

31. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Furlough
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

32. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
House Arrest
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Restitution
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

33. Right to counsel
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Diversion
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

35. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

36. Problem of Re-entry
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

37. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Society expects them to be criminals
Trial by a judge without jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Halfway House

38. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Grand Jury

39. Probation failure correlates to...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

40. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Higher
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Went down steadily

41. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Public Defender
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Increasing
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

42. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Prison
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Social agent

43. Status Offenders
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Intermediate Sanctions
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

44. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Probation Rules
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

45. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Established customs and traditions
Trial by a judge without jury
Maximum-Security
$200 billion

46. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Boot Camp
Summer
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

47. Jury Selection

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48. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Pre-Sentence Investigation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The place and its charecteristics

49. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
18
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Restorative Justice

50. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Indigent Defendant