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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Day Fees
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Went down steadily

2. Competent Standard

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3. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Jail
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

4. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The U.S. Marshall
Marriage
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

5. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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6. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Maximum-Security
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

7. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Higher

8. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Sentence served simultaneously

9. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Intermediate Sanctions
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Marriage
Increasing

10. Concurrent Jursidiction
nolle prosequi
The U.S. Marshall
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Total Instutution

11. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

12. Indeterminate Sentencing
Halfway House
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
nolle prosequi
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

13. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Social agent
90%
Private attorneys

14. Determinate Sentencing
Community Service Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Should treat people of different classes equitably
A fixed term of incarceration

15. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
7 Million Americans
Total Instutution
16

16. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Community Treatment
House Arrest
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

17. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Marriage

18. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Grand Jury
Were considered highly educated in their time period
A crime that is considered especially immoral

19. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Indigent Defendant
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

20. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Grand Jury
New York (Auburn) System
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

21. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Self-defense and insanity
Defense Attorney
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

22. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Established customs and traditions
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

23. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
New York (Auburn) System
Obstacle course
Furlough
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

24. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Social agent
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Were considered highly educated in their time period

25. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Young - male - minority - poor
Recoupment
Pennsylvania System

26. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Fine
House Arrest
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

27. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Grand Jury
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Enter a plea

28. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1.4 million
The FBI
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

29. What is Duress?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The U.S. Marshall
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Self-incrimination

30. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restorative Justice
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

31. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

32. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Restorative Justice
The U.S. Marshall
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

33. Argument against the Death Penalty
Sentence served simultaneously
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

34. Mandatory Sentence
Sentence served one after another
Intake
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The U.S. Marshall

35. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Assembly line
Public Defender
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Anger Managment

36. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
The place and its charecteristics
Social agent
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Jail

37. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Work Release
Intermediate Sanctions
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

38. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Restorative Justice
Defense Attorney
The procedural criminal law

39. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Probation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Society expects them to be criminals

40. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Went down steadily
Probation Rules
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

41. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
The FBI
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

42. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Restitution
Pennsylvania System
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Make-believe family

43. Peremptory Challenge
Sentence served one after another
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Substantive Rights
Probation Rules

44. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
16
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

45. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Make-believe family
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

46. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Recoupment
Shock Incarceration
Shock Probation

47. What is General Deterrence?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The place and its charecteristics
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

48. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
The FBI
The place and its charecteristics
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

49. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
$200 billion
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

50. Right to speedy trial
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested