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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Went down steadily
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Society expects them to be criminals

2. Competent Standard

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3. What is General Deterrence?
Boot Camp
Highway Patrol
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The local police

4. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Forfeiture
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

5. Problem of Re-entry
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

6. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Defense Attorney
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Social agent

7. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Higher
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Intermediate Sanctions

8. Evidentiary Standard
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
$200 billion
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

9. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

10. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The procedural criminal law
Social agent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

11. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Minimum-Security Prison
Went down steadily
Restitution

12. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Highway Patrol
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Marriage

13. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Defense Attorney
Forfeiture
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The FBI

14. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The procedural criminal law
Highway Patrol
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

15. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Grand Jury

16. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Established customs and traditions
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

17. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Furlough
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-incrimination
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

18. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Jail
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

19. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Recoupment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Shock Incarceration

20. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Shock Probation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Furlough

21. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Diversion
The local police
The views of powerful elites in society

22. Duties of probation officers
Restitution
Probation
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

23. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
18
Recoupment
Society expects them to be criminals

24. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Society expects them to be criminals
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Forfeiture

25. Three Strikes Law
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Society expects them to be criminals
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Anger Managment

26. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
nolle prosequi
Restorative Justice
Self-defense and insanity

27. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Public Defender
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Enter a plea

28. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Social agent
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Marriage

29. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Anger Managment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

30. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Restitution
Jail
Community Treatment

31. Status Offenders
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Increasing
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Should treat people of different classes equitably

32. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Maximum-Security
Went down steadily
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

33. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Revocation
Shock Probation

34. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Pennsylvania System
Self-defense and insanity
Halfway House
Forfeiture

35. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Jail
Society expects them to be criminals
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

36. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Maximum-Security
Went down steadily
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

37. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Social agent
Intake
Established customs and traditions

38. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The FBI
About 10 felony arrests per month

39. Indeterminate Sentencing
Jail
Maximum-Security
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

40. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Service Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

41. Alternative Correctional Institution
Day Fees
The procedural criminal law
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

42. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Total Instutution
Intermediate Sanctions
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

43. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Make-believe family
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Work Release

44. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Boot Camp
Marriage

45. Argument against the Death Penalty
Trial by a judge without jury
Assembly line
Boot Camp
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

46. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Probation Rules
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Minimum-Security Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

47. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Diversion

48. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
The views of powerful elites in society
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Assembly line
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

49. Probation failure correlates to...
Shock Incarceration
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Property crimes
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

50. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Community Treatment
1.4 million
Social agent
Higher

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