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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Make-believe family
18
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

2. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Indigent Defendant
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The place and its charecteristics

3. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Forfeiture
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Revocation

4. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Forfeiture
Super Maximum-Security Prison
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

5. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Halfway House

6. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Restorative Justice
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Pennsylvania System
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

7. Goals of Punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Assembly line

8. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Enter a plea
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

9. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Trial by a judge without jury
Intake

10. Right to be competent at trail

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11. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Social agent

12. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Halfway House

13. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

14. Concurrent Sentence
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Sentence served simultaneously
Recoupment

15. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Anger Managment
Community Treatment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

16. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Community Treatment
Boot Camp
Property crimes
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

17. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Public Defender
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

18. Capital Punishment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
90%
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

19. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Public Defender
7 Million Americans

20. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Society expects them to be criminals

21. The sentence
Day Fees
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

22. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
$200 billion
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Summer
Private attorneys

23. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Established customs and traditions
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

24. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Diversion
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

25. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
$200 billion

26. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Private attorneys
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Recoupment

27. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

28. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Fine
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

29. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Make-believe family
Probation Rules

30. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Highway Patrol
Enter a plea

31. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Substantive Rights
Anger Managment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Intake

32. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

33. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Trial by a judge without jury
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

34. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Treatment
Maximum-Security
Super Maximum-Security Prison

35. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
nolle prosequi
About 10 felony arrests per month
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Furlough

36. Problem of Re-entry
Make-believe family
The place and its charecteristics
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Sentence served one after another

37. Judicial Waiver
The local police
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Total Instutution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

38. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Anger Managment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

39. Evidentiary Standard
Subpoena
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Indigent Defendant

40. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The local police
Indigent Defendant

41. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
The U.S. Marshall
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
A fixed term of incarceration
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

42. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Trial by a judge without jury
Make-believe family
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Forfeiture

43. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
House Arrest
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

44. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Restitution
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Probation Rules

45. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Intake
Recoupment
Indigent Defendant

46. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Assembly line
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Self-incrimination

47. Women Imprisoned
18
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Subpoena
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

48. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Prison
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Pennsylvania System
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

49. Jury Selection

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50. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
A fixed term of incarceration
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Pre-Sentence Investigation