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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Forfeiture
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

2. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Furlough
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

3. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Boot Camp
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Summer
90%

4. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Shock Incarceration
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Marriage

5. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Increasing
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

6. Challenged for cause
Trial by a judge without jury
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

7. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Furlough
Parole

8. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
New York (Auburn) System
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

9. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
New York (Auburn) System

10. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

11. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

12. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

13. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Pennsylvania System
Private attorneys

14. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Higher
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Fine

15. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

16. Status Offenders
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

17. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The place and its charecteristics
Enter a plea
New York (Auburn) System

18. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Community Treatment
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Social agent
Grand Jury

19. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
The local police
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Sentence served simultaneously

20. Truth in Sentencing
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Anger Managment

21. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Substantive Rights
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Minimum-Security Prison

22. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Marriage
Went down steadily
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

23. Mandatory Sentence
The place and its charecteristics
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Defense Attorney
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

24. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Self-incrimination
Public Defender
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

25. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Summer
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Super Maximum-Security Prison

26. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Total Instutution
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The local police

27. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Maximum-Security
Indigent Defendant

28. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Maximum-Security
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Furlough
Self-defense and insanity

29. Peremptory Challenge
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Property crimes

30. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
7 Million Americans
Community Treatment
Intake

31. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Prison
The views of powerful elites in society
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

32. What is Duress?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
New York (Auburn) System
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
About 10 felony arrests per month

33. Models of sentencing
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

34. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Young - male - minority - poor

35. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Self-incrimination
Private attorneys
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

36. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Summer

37. Judicial Waiver
Public Defender
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Penitentiary House
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

38. Competent Standard

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39. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
A fixed term of incarceration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Should treat people of different classes equitably

40. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Assembly line
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

41. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Incarceration
Society expects them to be criminals
16

42. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Boot Camp
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

43. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
90%
The procedural criminal law
Halfway House

44. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Higher
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

45. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
A fixed term of incarceration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1.4 million
About 10 felony arrests per month

46. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Established customs and traditions
Restorative Justice
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

47. Bench Trial
Self-incrimination
Trial by a judge without jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Went down steadily

48. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

49. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Restorative Justice
Property crimes
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

50. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

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