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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
New York (Auburn) System
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

2. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Parole
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

3. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Society expects them to be criminals
Work Release

4. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The place and its charecteristics
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

5. Probation failure correlates to...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Marriage
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

6. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
18
Super Maximum-Security Prison
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
16

7. The sentence
Day Fees
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Revocation

8. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Enter a plea
Highway Patrol

9. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

10. Delinquents
Sentence served one after another
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Community Service Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

11. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Revocation

12. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

13. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
House Arrest
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Test for one's competents to stand trial

14. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation Rules

15. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
A fixed term of incarceration
Intake
Increasing

16. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Shock Incarceration
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Community Service Restitution

17. Evidentiary Standard
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

18. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
7 Million Americans

19. What is General Deterrence?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

20. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Community Treatment
Highway Patrol

21. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Increasing
Intermediate Sanctions
Public Defender

22. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Higher
Trial by a judge without jury
Halfway House
The FBI

23. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Community Service Restitution
1.4 million

24. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Property crimes
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

25. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Higher
Make-believe family

26. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Established customs and traditions
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

27. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The U.S. Marshall
Prison
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

28. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1.4 million
Social agent
Defense Attorney
Community Treatment

29. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Property crimes
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
Jail

30. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Marriage
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

31. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
$200 billion
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Shock Incarceration
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

32. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Marriage
Restorative Justice
The place and its charecteristics

33. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Parole
Penitentiary House
The procedural criminal law

34. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Marriage
Social agent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

35. Bench Trial
The views of powerful elites in society
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Trial by a judge without jury

36. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Established customs and traditions
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Furlough

37. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Shock Incarceration
Shock Probation
Maximum-Security
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

38. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
16
Established customs and traditions
Prison
Forfeiture

39. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Society expects them to be criminals
Parole
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

40. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
House Arrest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Anger Managment

41. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Boot Camp
Anger Managment
Marriage
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

42. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Recoupment
The procedural criminal law
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

43. Determinate Sentencing
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
A fixed term of incarceration
16

44. Argument against the Death Penalty
nolle prosequi
Prison
Shock Incarceration
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

45. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Private attorneys
Trial by a judge without jury
The FBI

46. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Forfeiture
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Public Defender

47. What is Duress?
New York (Auburn) System
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

48. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
The U.S. Marshall
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Obstacle course
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

49. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Shock Probation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

50. Three Strikes Law
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults