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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Minimum-Security Prison
Make-believe family

2. What is Duress?
Society expects them to be criminals
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The procedural criminal law
Probation

3. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
The place and its charecteristics
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Parole
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

4. Bench Trial
Defense Attorney
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Trial by a judge without jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

5. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Went down steadily
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Established customs and traditions
Boot Camp

6. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Public Defender
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

7. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
A fixed term of incarceration
Self-incrimination
Marriage

8. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Intermediate Sanctions
Private attorneys

9. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Highway Patrol
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
18

10. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Defense Attorney
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

11. Problem of Re-entry
18
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Society expects them to be criminals
Work Release

12. Women Imprisoned
Public Defender
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

13. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The views of powerful elites in society
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

14. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established customs and traditions
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Highway Patrol
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

15. The sentence
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Established customs and traditions

16. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Young - male - minority - poor
Revocation

17. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Parole
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Prison

18. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Self-incrimination
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The local police
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

19. Competent Standard

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20. Right to speedy trial
Probation
7 Million Americans
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

21. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Anger Managment
18
Halfway House

22. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Defense Attorney
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Public Defender

23. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
90%
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

24. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Total Instutution
Intermediate Sanctions
Super Maximum-Security Prison

25. Right to be competent at trail

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26. Jury Selection

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27. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

28. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

29. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Intake
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

30. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Day Fees
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

31. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
nolle prosequi
Jail
$200 billion
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

32. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

33. Right to an impartial jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Should treat people of different classes equitably
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Probation Rules

34. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

35. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Fine
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The procedural criminal law
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

36. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Work Release
New York (Auburn) System
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

37. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Jail
A fixed term of incarceration
90%

38. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Self-incrimination

39. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Private attorneys
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Summer

40. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The views of powerful elites in society

41. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Penitentiary House
Marriage

42. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Self-defense and insanity
Restitution
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

43. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

44. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Parole
Social agent
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

45. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Pennsylvania System
Prison
The views of powerful elites in society

46. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Enter a plea
Subpoena
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

47. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Went down steadily
Make-believe family
1.4 million

48. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1.4 million

49. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Pennsylvania System
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Community Treatment
nolle prosequi

50. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Halfway House
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public