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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Restitution
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

2. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Marriage
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Anger Managment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

3. Right to an impartial jury
Society expects them to be criminals
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Community Service Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

4. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Fine
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

5. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Diversion
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

6. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Probation Rules
Established customs and traditions
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

7. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Established customs and traditions

8. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Shock Probation
Increasing
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

9. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Diversion
Probation

10. Statutory Jurisdiction
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Property crimes
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Restorative Justice

11. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Obstacle course

12. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Defense Attorney
The views of powerful elites in society

13. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Probation
Sentence served one after another
Public Defender

14. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
The views of powerful elites in society
Boot Camp
1.4 million
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

15. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Community Service Restitution

16. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Make-believe family
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

17. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

18. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Social agent
Indigent Defendant

19. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Fine
Increasing

20. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Intake
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The U.S. Marshall

21. Goals of Punishment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
New York (Auburn) System
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society

22. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Higher
Subpoena

23. Right to public trial
Prison
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Summer

24. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
A fixed term of incarceration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

25. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Summer
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Society expects them to be criminals

26. Competent Standard

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27. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Prison
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Should treat people of different classes equitably

28. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Probation Rules
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

29. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

30. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

31. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Probation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Society expects them to be criminals

32. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Marriage
Self-incrimination
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Penitentiary House

33. Jury Selection

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34. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Intake
Trial by a judge without jury
Boot Camp
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

35. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Probation
Obstacle course
Restorative Justice
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

36. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Forfeiture
The local police
Society expects them to be criminals
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

37. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Total Instutution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

38. Mandatory Sentence
Diversion
Higher
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

39. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Intermediate Sanctions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Total Instutution
Boot Camp

40. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Summer
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Enter a plea

41. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Penitentiary House
1.4 million
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Community Service Restitution

42. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Restitution
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Day Fees

43. Consecutive sentence
Total Instutution
Trial by a judge without jury
Sentence served one after another
Social agent

44. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Grand Jury
Public Defender
Established customs and traditions

45. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Pre-Sentence Investigation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

46. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Restorative Justice
Intermediate Sanctions
The FBI

47. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Probation
Subpoena
Forfeiture

48. What is Duress?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

49. Problem of Re-entry
Substantive Rights
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Work Release
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

50. Right to confront witnesses
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Society expects them to be criminals

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