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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Fine
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

2. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Community Service Restitution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
A crime that is considered especially immoral

3. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Probation
Public Defender
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

4. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Property crimes

5. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Young - male - minority - poor
Public Defender
Fine

6. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Society expects them to be criminals
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
About 10 felony arrests per month

7. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Private attorneys
Anger Managment

8. Trial Process
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Public Defender
Parole
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

9. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Shock Incarceration
The place and its charecteristics
Highway Patrol
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

10. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Intake
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Property crimes

11. Probation failure correlates to...
Enter a plea
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

12. Miranda Rights...
Indigent Defendant
The local police
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

13. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

14. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Furlough
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

15. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Pennsylvania System
Indigent Defendant

16. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1.4 million
Social agent
Marriage
Private attorneys

17. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Pennsylvania System
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

18. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Revocation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Indigent Defendant
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

19. Argument against the Death Penalty
The views of powerful elites in society
Indigent Defendant
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

20. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Assembly line
Sentence served one after another

21. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Recoupment
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Obstacle course
A fixed term of incarceration

22. Right to an impartial jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Obstacle course
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

23. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Were considered highly educated in their time period
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

24. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Probation
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Trial by a judge without jury
Intermediate Sanctions

25. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Summer
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

26. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The procedural criminal law
Intake
Restitution

27. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Shock Incarceration
Subpoena
Higher

28. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Higher
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Defense Attorney

29. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Assembly line
Intake
1.4 million

30. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Went down steadily
Minimum-Security Prison
Intermediate Sanctions
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

31. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
The place and its charecteristics
Grand Jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably

32. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Total Instutution
Obstacle course
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Anger Managment

33. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Shock Probation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Boot Camp

34. Evidentiary Standard
Private attorneys
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Were considered highly educated in their time period

35. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Furlough

36. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Probation
Community Treatment
The place and its charecteristics

37. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The local police
Highway Patrol
1.4 million

38. The sentence
A fixed term of incarceration
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family

39. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
nolle prosequi

40. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Established customs and traditions
Maximum-Security
Restorative Justice
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

41. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Revocation
Higher
Subpoena
Intermediate Sanctions

42. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Minimum-Security Prison

43. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Increasing
Shock Probation

44. What are characteristics of inmates
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Young - male - minority - poor
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

45. Peremptory Challenge
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Probation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

46. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Probation Rules
Fine
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

47. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

48. Duties of probation officers
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

49. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Young - male - minority - poor
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

50. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Enter a plea
Self-incrimination
Total Instutution

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