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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Went down steadily

2. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The local police

3. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Enter a plea
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

4. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
$200 billion
The local police

5. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Halfway House

6. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Defense Attorney
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Boot Camp

7. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Summer
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Parole

8. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Minimum-Security Prison
Enter a plea
Total Instutution
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

9. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Fine

10. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Trial by a judge without jury
Marriage
Probation

11. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Highway Patrol

12. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Increasing
1.4 million
The views of powerful elites in society

13. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Anger Managment
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

14. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Make-believe family

15. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
nolle prosequi
Trial by a judge without jury

16. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
About 10 felony arrests per month
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Revocation
Social agent

17. Capital Punishment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

18. Three Strikes Law
New York (Auburn) System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Service Restitution

19. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Penitentiary House
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

20. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Highway Patrol
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
New York (Auburn) System
Minimum-Security Prison

21. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Enter a plea

22. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

23. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Recoupment

24. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Community Service Restitution
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

25. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Established customs and traditions
Parole

26. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Total Instutution

27. Jury Selection

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28. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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29. Concurrent Sentence
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
About 10 felony arrests per month
Penitentiary House
Sentence served simultaneously

30. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
18
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The FBI

31. Miranda Rights...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Total Instutution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

32. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
The views of powerful elites in society
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Forfeiture
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

33. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Intake
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The U.S. Marshall

34. Verdict
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

35. Models of sentencing
Assembly line
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Sentence served one after another
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

36. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Parole
Anger Managment
nolle prosequi
Diversion

37. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Restitution
The FBI

38. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Day Fees
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

39. Indeterminate Sentencing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
$200 billion
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

40. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Sentence served one after another
Self-defense and insanity
A crime that is considered especially immoral
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

41. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Super Maximum-Security Prison
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

42. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Boot Camp
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

43. Judicial Waiver
Work Release
Shock Incarceration
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Restitution

44. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
90%
Higher
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Maximum-Security

45. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Increasing
The FBI

46. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

47. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Higher
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Probation Rules

48. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
The FBI
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Assembly line
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

49. Right to confront witnesses
The place and its charecteristics
Minimum-Security Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

50. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
nolle prosequi
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

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