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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Service Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Community Treatment

2. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Anger Managment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation Rules
Diversion

3. Mandatory Sentence
Community Treatment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Shock Probation

4. Argument against the Death Penalty
Probation Rules
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

5. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

6. Indeterminate Sentencing
Forfeiture
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Furlough
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

7. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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8. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
$200 billion
Marriage
nolle prosequi

9. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Defense Attorney
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

10. Bench Trial
Revocation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Trial by a judge without jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

11. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
7 Million Americans

12. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Community Treatment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

13. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Private attorneys
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Enter a plea
Public Defender

14. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intake
Substantive Rights
Diversion

15. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
1.4 million
Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

16. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Assembly line

17. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Sentence served simultaneously
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The procedural criminal law

18. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
A fixed term of incarceration
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

19. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Social agent
Maximum-Security
Shock Probation
Property crimes

20. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Grand Jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

21. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
A fixed term of incarceration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Grand Jury

22. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Work Release
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Sentence served simultaneously

23. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The views of powerful elites in society
Increasing
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

24. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Pennsylvania System
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

25. Peremptory Challenge
The procedural criminal law
Revocation
The views of powerful elites in society
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

26. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Test for one's competents to stand trial
The U.S. Marshall
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

27. Competent Standard

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28. Right to speedy trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
$200 billion
Went down steadily

29. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The procedural criminal law
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Community Treatment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

30. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
$200 billion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Subpoena

31. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Property crimes
Went down steadily
Higher
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

32. Trial Process
Indigent Defendant
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
$200 billion
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

33. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

34. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
The local police
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

35. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Marriage
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Probation
Fine

36. Verdict
1.4 million
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

37. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Increasing

38. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Total Instutution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The U.S. Marshall

39. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Public Defender
Anger Managment
Enter a plea

40. Determinate Sentencing
nolle prosequi
Community Service Restitution
A fixed term of incarceration
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

41. The sentence
Went down steadily
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The place and its charecteristics

42. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

43. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Indigent Defendant
Went down steadily
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

44. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Sentence served simultaneously
Forfeiture
Day Fees
Went down steadily

45. Right to confront witnesses
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Fine
Make-believe family

46. Evidentiary Standard
Boot Camp
The U.S. Marshall
Prison
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

47. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
90%

48. What is General Deterrence?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

49. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Went down steadily
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

50. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Pennsylvania System
Anger Managment
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas