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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Intermediate Sanctions
Shock Incarceration
Halfway House

2. Right to confront witnesses
Self-defense and insanity
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Should treat people of different classes equitably

3. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Summer
Revocation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

4. Alternative Correctional Institution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Indigent Defendant
House Arrest
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

5. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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6. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Halfway House
Restitution
nolle prosequi
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

7. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

8. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Private attorneys
nolle prosequi
Increasing

9. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Total Instutution
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

10. Mandatory Sentence
Work Release
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Self-incrimination
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

11. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The place and its charecteristics
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

12. Concurrent Sentence
Penitentiary House
Forfeiture
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Sentence served simultaneously

13. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Self-defense and insanity
Probation
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Parole

14. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Intermediate Sanctions
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Probation Rules

15. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Established customs and traditions
Restitution
The place and its charecteristics
The procedural criminal law

16. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Intake

17. Challenged for cause
Jail
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

18. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
90%
Parole

19. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

20. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1.4 million
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

21. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Went down steadily
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

22. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Forfeiture
Sentence served one after another
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

23. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Penitentiary House
Property crimes
Day Fees
Went down steadily

24. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Community Service Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

25. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The FBI
A fixed term of incarceration

26. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Fine
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Restorative Justice
Substantive Rights

27. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Public Defender
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Revocation

28. Capital Punishment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Self-defense and insanity
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Pennsylvania System

29. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Highway Patrol
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

30. Motion for a direct verdict
New York (Auburn) System
Sentence served one after another
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

31. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Community Service Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

32. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Young - male - minority - poor
Society expects them to be criminals

33. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Summer
The U.S. Marshall
Community Treatment

34. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Parole
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Increasing

35. Concurrent Jursidiction
About 10 felony arrests per month
Sentence served one after another
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

36. What is Duress?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Marriage
Boot Camp
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

37. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Obstacle course
Enter a plea
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Public Defender

38. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Assembly line
Work Release
Intake

39. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Trial by a judge without jury
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

40. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Shock Probation
Probation Rules

41. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Intermediate Sanctions
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

42. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Intake
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Assembly line

43. Trial Process
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
About 10 felony arrests per month
Jail

44. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Boot Camp
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

45. Right to compulsory process
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
90%
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

46. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Penitentiary House
Should treat people of different classes equitably

47. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Diversion
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

48. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Jail
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1.4 million

49. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Boot Camp
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Super Maximum-Security Prison

50. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The U.S. Marshall
About 10 felony arrests per month
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

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Criminal Justice

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