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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Property crimes
A fixed term of incarceration
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

2. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
The views of powerful elites in society
Parole
Property crimes
Young - male - minority - poor

3. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Pennsylvania System
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

4. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
$200 billion
Parole
New York (Auburn) System

5. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Minimum-Security Prison
Public Defender

6. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Subpoena
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Diversion
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

7. Problem of Re-entry
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Sentence served one after another
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Were considered highly educated in their time period

8. Models of sentencing
Self-defense and insanity
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

9. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
The place and its charecteristics
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Make-believe family

10. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Forfeiture
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

11. The substantive criminal law...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The U.S. Marshall
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

12. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Furlough
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The procedural criminal law
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

13. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Parole
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

14. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
A fixed term of incarceration
A crime that is considered especially immoral

15. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Restorative Justice

16. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The U.S. Marshall

17. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Shock Probation
Furlough
Make-believe family
Community Treatment

18. Delinquents
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

19. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Make-believe family
Assembly line
Day Fees
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

20. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

21. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
New York (Auburn) System
Revocation
Indigent Defendant

22. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Private attorneys
Highway Patrol

23. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Community Service Restitution

24. Motion for a direct verdict
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Summer
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

25. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Intermediate Sanctions
nolle prosequi
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

26. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The U.S. Marshall
Indigent Defendant
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Fine

27. Probation failure correlates to...
Self-incrimination
Society expects them to be criminals
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

28. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Obstacle course
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Minimum-Security Prison

29. Judicial Waiver
The place and its charecteristics
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Anger Managment

30. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Increasing
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Prison
18

31. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Parole
Revocation
Maximum-Security

32. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Halfway House
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The FBI

33. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
The local police
Shock Incarceration
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

34. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
About 10 felony arrests per month
Shock Probation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

35. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Self-defense and insanity
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Day Fees

36. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Trial by a judge without jury
Went down steadily
Day Fees
Pre-Sentence Investigation

37. Peremptory Challenge
7 Million Americans
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Sentence served one after another
The local police

38. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Penitentiary House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

39. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The place and its charecteristics
90%

40. Right to counsel
Community Treatment
Shock Incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

41. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Diversion
7 Million Americans
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Minimum-Security Prison

42. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
About 10 felony arrests per month
Maximum-Security

43. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
$200 billion
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

44. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1.4 million
Young - male - minority - poor
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

45. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Furlough

46. The sentence
Community Service Restitution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Sentence served simultaneously
Anger Managment

47. Alternative Correctional Institution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Indigent Defendant
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Restitution

48. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Anger Managment
Defense Attorney
Self-incrimination
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

49. Right to speedy trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

50. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
A fixed term of incarceration
Recoupment
Work Release
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

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