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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served one after another
Maximum-Security
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

2. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Anger Managment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

3. Capital Punishment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

4. Judicial Waiver
Grand Jury
Trial by a judge without jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
90%

5. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Probation Rules
About 10 felony arrests per month
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Young - male - minority - poor

6. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Grand Jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Substantive Rights
Intake

7. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
The views of powerful elites in society
Subpoena
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

8. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
1.4 million
Obstacle course
Diversion
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

9. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Higher
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

10. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Property crimes
Pennsylvania System

11. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Shock Incarceration

12. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Private attorneys
Established customs and traditions
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

13. Determinate Sentencing
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
A fixed term of incarceration
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

14. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Parole

15. Models of sentencing
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

16. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
About 10 felony arrests per month
1.4 million

17. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
18
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

18. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

19. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Self-incrimination

20. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Self-defense and insanity

21. Right to counsel
Intermediate Sanctions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The local police

22. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Went down steadily

23. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Increasing
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The procedural criminal law

24. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
90%

25. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Defense Attorney
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Increasing
Public Defender

26. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Diversion
nolle prosequi
Obstacle course

27. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Subpoena
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

28. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Higher
Grand Jury
Private attorneys

29. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
House Arrest
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The FBI

30. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Parole
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Community Treatment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

31. Argument against the Death Penalty
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Jail
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

32. Bench Trial
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Trial by a judge without jury
Boot Camp

33. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The local police
Make-believe family
Maximum-Security

34. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Young - male - minority - poor
Self-incrimination
Substantive Rights
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

35. Goals of Punishment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Intermediate Sanctions
Were considered highly educated in their time period

36. Right to be competent at trail

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37. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Intermediate Sanctions
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

38. Peremptory Challenge
Enter a plea
Halfway House
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

39. The sentence
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The procedural criminal law
Restitution

40. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Increasing
Higher
Obstacle course
Trial by a judge without jury

41. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Intake
Maximum-Security
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

42. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Highway Patrol
The place and its charecteristics
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

43. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Highway Patrol

44. Motion for a direct verdict
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

45. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
New York (Auburn) System
Assembly line

46. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Shock Incarceration
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

47. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

48. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Enter a plea
Self-incrimination
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

49. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Day Fees

50. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The U.S. Marshall
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values