Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Probation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

2. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

3. Duties of probation officers
About 10 felony arrests per month
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Defense Attorney

4. Motion for a direct verdict
Self-defense and insanity
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

5. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Self-defense and insanity
New York (Auburn) System
Trial by a judge without jury
Forfeiture

6. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Recoupment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

7. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Boot Camp
Summer

8. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The U.S. Marshall
Self-defense and insanity

9. Determinate Sentencing
Young - male - minority - poor
A fixed term of incarceration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

10. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
$200 billion
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Higher

11. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Community Treatment
Higher
Probation Rules
The views of powerful elites in society

12. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The U.S. Marshall
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

13. Truth in Sentencing
Day Fees
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Minimum-Security Prison
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

14. Women Imprisoned
7 Million Americans
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Indigent Defendant

15. Right to speedy trial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Diversion
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

16. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Work Release

17. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
The procedural criminal law
Probation Rules
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
$200 billion

18. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Public Defender
Highway Patrol
The FBI
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

19. Miranda Rights...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

20. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Recoupment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Probation

21. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Increasing
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

22. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
nolle prosequi
Shock Probation

23. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Defense Attorney
Maximum-Security
Revocation

24. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Increasing
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

25. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Penitentiary House
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Boot Camp
House Arrest

26. Concurrent Jursidiction
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

27. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The procedural criminal law
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Were considered highly educated in their time period

28. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Assembly line
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

29. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Minimum-Security Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

30. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Defense Attorney
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Indigent Defendant

31. Competent Standard

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

32. Trial Process
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

33. What is General Deterrence?
Prison
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
16
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

34. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Shock Probation
Self-defense and insanity

35. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Fine
Enter a plea
Marriage

36. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Obstacle course
Intermediate Sanctions

37. Models of sentencing
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Higher
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Halfway House

38. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Social agent
Private attorneys

39. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Trial by a judge without jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

40. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Self-defense and insanity
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
16
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

41. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Furlough
Social agent

42. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Halfway House
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

43. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
nolle prosequi
Indigent Defendant
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

44. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Highway Patrol
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Indigent Defendant

45. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Intake
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

46. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Shock Incarceration
New York (Auburn) System
Intermediate Sanctions

47. Consecutive sentence
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Sentence served one after another
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

48. Bench Trial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Trial by a judge without jury
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

49. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Intake

50. The sentence
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation