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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Argument against the Death Penalty
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Public Defender

2. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Furlough
Probation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

3. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Forfeiture

4. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Established customs and traditions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

5. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Grand Jury
Revocation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Total Instutution

6. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Summer
Maximum-Security
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

7. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Prison

8. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Recoupment
Indigent Defendant
Diversion

9. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
The procedural criminal law
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

10. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Boot Camp
Restorative Justice
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Established customs and traditions

11. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Minimum-Security Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Restitution

12. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Higher
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

13. Determinate Sentencing
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
A fixed term of incarceration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

14. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Public Defender
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

15. Bench Trial
Probation Rules
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Trial by a judge without jury
Probation

16. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
16
Day Fees
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

17. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Summer
Community Treatment
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

18. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Self-defense and insanity
Recoupment
7 Million Americans

19. Right to an impartial jury
Self-defense and insanity
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Forfeiture

20. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Society expects them to be criminals
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Marriage
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

21. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Diversion
Community Treatment

22. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Private attorneys
Went down steadily
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Shock Probation

23. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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24. Right to speedy trial
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
18

25. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Recoupment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

26. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The place and its charecteristics
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

27. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Marriage
Parole
Trial by a judge without jury

28. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Substantive Rights
Indigent Defendant

29. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Maximum-Security
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Jail

30. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Anger Managment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Established customs and traditions

31. Consecutive sentence
The FBI
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Grand Jury
Sentence served one after another

32. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Assembly line
Property crimes
90%

33. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Pennsylvania System
Highway Patrol
Revocation
Recoupment

34. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Society expects them to be criminals
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

35. Delinquents
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Obstacle course

36. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Obstacle course
$200 billion
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

37. Goals of Punishment
The place and its charecteristics
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Enter a plea

38. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Boot Camp
Subpoena
Halfway House
The procedural criminal law

39. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Defense Attorney
Higher
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Social agent

40. What are characteristics of inmates
The local police
Highway Patrol
Young - male - minority - poor
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

41. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Marriage
Shock Probation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

42. Evidentiary Standard
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Community Treatment
Obstacle course
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

43. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Marriage
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Enter a plea

44. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Went down steadily
Revocation

45. Right to counsel
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Went down steadily
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

46. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
New York (Auburn) System

47. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Revocation
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

48. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Work Release
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Jail

49. Truth in Sentencing
The views of powerful elites in society
Penitentiary House
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

50. Indeterminate Sentencing
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment