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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

2. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Make-believe family
Defense Attorney
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

3. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Probation Rules
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

4. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The place and its charecteristics
A fixed term of incarceration
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The FBI

5. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Substantive Rights

6. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The procedural criminal law

7. Trial Process
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Defense Attorney
Parole

8. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Subpoena

9. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Social agent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Property crimes
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

10. What is General Deterrence?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1.4 million
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

11. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Parole
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

12. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The views of powerful elites in society

13. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Parole
Higher
The FBI
Intake

14. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Pennsylvania System
Assembly line

15. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Subpoena
The place and its charecteristics

16. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

17. What is Duress?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

18. Good time
Restorative Justice
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Anger Managment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

19. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
nolle prosequi

20. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The FBI
Indigent Defendant
The U.S. Marshall
A crime that is considered especially immoral

21. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Marriage

22. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Self-defense and insanity
Community Treatment

23. Goals of Punishment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously

24. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

25. Jury Selection

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26. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
7 Million Americans
Obstacle course
Higher

27. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Pennsylvania System
Diversion
Should treat people of different classes equitably

28. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Enter a plea
Sentence served one after another
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Recoupment

29. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Make-believe family
Day Fees
Boot Camp
Shock Incarceration

30. Mandatory Sentence
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Subpoena
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

31. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
90%
Pennsylvania System
Marriage

32. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Enter a plea

33. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Trial by a judge without jury
Day Fees
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

34. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
About 10 felony arrests per month
Grand Jury
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

35. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Restorative Justice
Recoupment
Marriage

36. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Young - male - minority - poor
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Anger Managment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

37. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Community Service Restitution
Restorative Justice
Subpoena

38. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Shock Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

39. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The local police

40. Verdict
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Fine
Anger Managment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

41. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Penitentiary House
Established customs and traditions
Total Instutution
Substantive Rights

42. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Higher
Indigent Defendant
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

43. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Indigent Defendant

44. Competent Standard

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45. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Substantive Rights
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

46. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
The views of powerful elites in society
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

47. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
$200 billion
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Highway Patrol

48. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
House Arrest
Probation Rules
Grand Jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

49. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Defense Attorney
Community Treatment

50. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Increasing
A fixed term of incarceration
Shock Probation
Subpoena