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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
90%

2. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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3. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Sentence served one after another
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

4. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Intermediate Sanctions
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Restitution

5. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

6. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
About 10 felony arrests per month
Defense Attorney
The local police

7. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Self-incrimination
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Society expects them to be criminals
Boot Camp

8. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Pennsylvania System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Society expects them to be criminals

9. Right to speedy trial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Private attorneys
Diversion

10. Determinate Sentencing
Day Fees
A fixed term of incarceration
New York (Auburn) System
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

11. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
16
Society expects them to be criminals
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

12. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1.4 million
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Restorative Justice

13. Motion for a direct verdict
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Higher
Prison

14. Women Imprisoned
Boot Camp
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Prison
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

15. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-defense and insanity
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

16. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Public Defender
Shock Incarceration
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

17. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Enter a plea
Self-defense and insanity
Probation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

18. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
$200 billion
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

19. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
House Arrest
Parole
The procedural criminal law
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

20. Right to public trial
Subpoena
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

21. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Increasing
16

22. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Recoupment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The views of powerful elites in society

23. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Society expects them to be criminals
Recoupment
The procedural criminal law
Were considered highly educated in their time period

24. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Make-believe family
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

25. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Parole

26. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Grand Jury
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Revocation
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

27. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Higher
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

28. Probation failure correlates to...
The place and its charecteristics
Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

29. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

30. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Diversion
Community Service Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Recoupment

31. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
New York (Auburn) System
Work Release
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

32. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Recoupment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

33. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Day Fees
7 Million Americans
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

34. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
18
Pennsylvania System
Parole

35. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

36. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Pennsylvania System
$200 billion
Revocation
90%

37. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

38. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Anger Managment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

39. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Enter a plea
Community Service Restitution

40. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
$200 billion
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

41. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Sentence served one after another
Indigent Defendant
Higher

42. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Private attorneys
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

43. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Defense Attorney
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Forfeiture

44. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Total Instutution
The place and its charecteristics
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

45. Competent Standard

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46. Right to compulsory process
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The FBI
Make-believe family
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

47. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Fine
Pennsylvania System
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

48. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Social agent
Indigent Defendant
The views of powerful elites in society

49. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The views of powerful elites in society
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

50. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree