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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Halfway House
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

2. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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3. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Substantive Rights
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

4. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Society expects them to be criminals
Penitentiary House

5. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Assembly line
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

6. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Sentence served simultaneously
Probation
About 10 felony arrests per month
Restitution

7. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Higher
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

8. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Forfeiture
Grand Jury

9. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Penitentiary House
$200 billion
The U.S. Marshall

10. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Marriage
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

11. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Public Defender
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

12. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Sentence served simultaneously
Sentence served one after another
Enter a plea
Assembly line

13. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Summer
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Young - male - minority - poor

14. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Social agent
About 10 felony arrests per month
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

15. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
About 10 felony arrests per month
Property crimes
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

16. Consecutive sentence
Prison
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Sentence served one after another
Assembly line

17. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Intake
90%
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

18. Motion for a direct verdict
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Revocation
Work Release

19. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Make-believe family
Shock Incarceration
Total Instutution
Prison

20. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established customs and traditions
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

21. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
The U.S. Marshall
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

22. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Indigent Defendant
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

23. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Community Service Restitution

24. Concurrent Jursidiction
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Self-defense and insanity

25. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Enter a plea
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Higher

26. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Pre-Sentence Investigation
About 10 felony arrests per month

27. Truth in Sentencing
Work Release
Community Service Restitution
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

28. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Established customs and traditions
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Jail

29. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Sentence served one after another
Work Release
Forfeiture
Increasing

30. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Test for one's competents to stand trial

31. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Increasing
Restorative Justice
Halfway House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

32. Women Imprisoned
The U.S. Marshall
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
18

33. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
About 10 felony arrests per month
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

34. Good time
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Work Release
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

35. Right to speedy trial
New York (Auburn) System
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Indigent Defendant
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

36. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Grand Jury
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

37. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Indigent Defendant

38. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Fine

39. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Probation
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The place and its charecteristics
Increasing

40. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The FBI
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

41. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
House Arrest

42. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Assembly line

43. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Increasing
Day Fees
Probation
Probation Rules

44. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

45. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Penitentiary House
Parole
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Increasing

46. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

47. Statutory Jurisdiction
1.4 million
Property crimes
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Went down steadily

48. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Jail

49. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Established customs and traditions
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Sentence served simultaneously

50. Determinate Sentencing
$200 billion
7 Million Americans
Went down steadily
A fixed term of incarceration