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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Maximum-Security
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

2. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Enter a plea
Should treat people of different classes equitably
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Recoupment

3. Peremptory Challenge
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Fine
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The procedural criminal law

4. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Self-defense and insanity
Penitentiary House
Revocation
The place and its charecteristics

5. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The procedural criminal law
Social agent

6. Jury Selection

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7. The substantive criminal law...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Sentence served one after another

8. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Forfeiture
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

9. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Indigent Defendant
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Make-believe family

10. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A fixed term of incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

11. Right to an impartial judge
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

12. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Sentence served simultaneously
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The local police
Enter a plea

13. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Restitution
Defense Attorney
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

14. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Prison
About 10 felony arrests per month
Boot Camp
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

15. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
7 Million Americans

16. Delinquents
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

17. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The place and its charecteristics
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

18. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
$200 billion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

19. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Subpoena
Higher
Jail

20. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Community Service Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Shock Probation

21. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Total Instutution
Work Release
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Maximum-Security

22. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
16
Fine

23. Three Strikes Law
Obstacle course
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Diversion

24. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Trial by a judge without jury
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Private attorneys
The procedural criminal law

25. Concurrent Jursidiction
The place and its charecteristics
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

26. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Work Release

27. Trial Process
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Revocation
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

28. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Self-defense and insanity
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

29. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Trial by a judge without jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

30. What is General Deterrence?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

31. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Probation Rules
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

32. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Society expects them to be criminals

33. Models of sentencing
Day Fees
Fine
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

34. Challenged for cause
Enter a plea
16
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Parole

35. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Halfway House
Highway Patrol
Social agent
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

36. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

37. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The procedural criminal law
Diversion
Maximum-Security

38. Right to compulsory process
Subpoena
1.4 million
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

39. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

40. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Community Service Restitution
Maximum-Security
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

41. Right to counsel
A fixed term of incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Maximum-Security
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

42. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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43. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
About 10 felony arrests per month
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The FBI
Shock Incarceration

44. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Pennsylvania System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Boot Camp

45. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Forfeiture
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The local police
16

46. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Summer
Social agent
Total Instutution
Jail

47. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
$200 billion
Substantive Rights
Fine
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

48. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Furlough
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

49. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Probation Rules
The views of powerful elites in society

50. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The U.S. Marshall
Went down steadily
Enter a plea
Community Treatment