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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Grand Jury

2. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Restorative Justice
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

3. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Restorative Justice
Recoupment

4. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
The local police
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Increasing
Sentence served simultaneously

5. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The U.S. Marshall
Shock Incarceration

6. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Shock Probation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

7. Statutory Jurisdiction
Social agent
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Restorative Justice

8. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Probation
Property crimes
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

9. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Forfeiture
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Jail

10. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Young - male - minority - poor
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Obstacle course
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

11. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Penitentiary House
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

12. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Maximum-Security
$200 billion
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

13. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation
Revocation
The local police

14. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Pennsylvania System
Community Service Restitution

15. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

16. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
The U.S. Marshall
Maximum-Security
Sentence served simultaneously

17. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

18. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
90%
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

19. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Fine
16

20. Probation failure correlates to...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The U.S. Marshall
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Shock Probation

21. Right to speedy trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
House Arrest

22. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Sentence served simultaneously
Restitution
Prison
The local police

23. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Penitentiary House
nolle prosequi
New York (Auburn) System
Public Defender

24. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
The local police
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Enter a plea

25. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Went down steadily
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Obstacle course

26. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Young - male - minority - poor
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Self-incrimination

27. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The U.S. Marshall

28. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
The views of powerful elites in society
1.4 million
Community Service Restitution

29. Determinate Sentencing
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
A fixed term of incarceration

30. Status Offenders
Marriage
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Prison

31. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Day Fees
1.4 million

32. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Make-believe family
Boot Camp
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

33. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Pre-Sentence Investigation

34. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
The views of powerful elites in society
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Maximum-Security
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

35. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Prison
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

36. The sentence
Public Defender
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The U.S. Marshall
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

37. Indeterminate Sentencing
Recoupment
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

38. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Property crimes
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

39. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Anger Managment
Community Service Restitution

40. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The local police

41. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Diversion
Prison
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

42. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

43. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Forfeiture
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

44. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Revocation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

45. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Recoupment
House Arrest
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

46. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Boot Camp

47. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Community Service Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral

48. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Community Service Restitution
Indigent Defendant

49. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Grand Jury
Defense Attorney
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

50. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The procedural criminal law
New York (Auburn) System
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture