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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Concurrent Sentence
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Sentence served simultaneously
Higher
Test for one's competents to stand trial

2. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Self-defense and insanity
Restorative Justice
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

3. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Should treat people of different classes equitably

4. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Total Instutution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

5. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Social agent
Boot Camp
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

6. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1.4 million
Work Release
Social agent

7. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Highway Patrol
Sentence served one after another

8. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Community Treatment
Went down steadily
Sentence served one after another

9. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
18
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Marriage
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

10. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Revocation
Total Instutution
Furlough
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

11. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Shock Incarceration
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

12. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Maximum-Security
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Shock Probation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

13. Problem of Re-entry
Private attorneys
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

14. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

15. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Revocation
Anger Managment
Test for one's competents to stand trial

16. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Indigent Defendant
Revocation
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

17. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Defense Attorney
Indigent Defendant
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

18. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

19. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
The local police
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

20. Women Imprisoned
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

21. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Sentence served simultaneously
Community Service Restitution
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

22. Jury Selection

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23. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Enter a plea
Prison
Indigent Defendant

24. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Diversion
About 10 felony arrests per month

25. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
90%
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

26. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Make-believe family
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Pre-Sentence Investigation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

27. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Fine
Day Fees
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

28. Evidentiary Standard
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Restitution
Summer

29. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
$200 billion
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Higher

30. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Young - male - minority - poor
The local police
Marriage

31. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

32. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Summer
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Grand Jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

33. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation Rules
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Forfeiture

34. The substantive criminal law...
The FBI
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
New York (Auburn) System
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

35. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Obstacle course
Penitentiary House

36. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
The local police
Established customs and traditions
Substantive Rights
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

37. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Maximum-Security
Fine

38. Right to an impartial judge
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
House Arrest

39. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Parole

40. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Substantive Rights
New York (Auburn) System
7 Million Americans
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

41. What is Duress?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Pennsylvania System
Trial by a judge without jury
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

42. Delinquents
About 10 felony arrests per month
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

43. Capital Punishment
Penitentiary House
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Community Treatment

44. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Defense Attorney
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Parole
Jail

45. Right to compulsory process
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restitution
$200 billion
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

46. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
7 Million Americans
Self-defense and insanity
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

47. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Halfway House
Substantive Rights
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Work Release

48. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Total Instutution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Prison
Forfeiture

49. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
7 Million Americans
Furlough
The procedural criminal law
Probation

50. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Society expects them to be criminals
The views of powerful elites in society
7 Million Americans
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment