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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Established customs and traditions
Halfway House

2. Women Imprisoned
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Indigent Defendant
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

3. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Anger Managment
The procedural criminal law
Maximum-Security
The U.S. Marshall

4. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Community Treatment
Day Fees
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

5. What are characteristics of inmates
7 Million Americans
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Young - male - minority - poor

6. Goals of Punishment
Self-incrimination
Parole
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

7. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
16
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Parole

8. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Shock Incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Highway Patrol
Total Instutution

9. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Forfeiture
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

10. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Day Fees
Maximum-Security
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

11. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Intake
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Work Release

12. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Fine
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Substantive Rights

13. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
nolle prosequi
The place and its charecteristics
Parole
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

14. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Furlough
Subpoena
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
$200 billion

15. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1.4 million

16. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Pennsylvania System
Boot Camp
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Halfway House

17. Miranda Rights...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Assembly line
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
7 Million Americans

18. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Fine
Pennsylvania System
Halfway House
Probation

19. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The place and its charecteristics
Probation
Probation Rules

20. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Highway Patrol

21. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Anger Managment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

22. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
The FBI
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

23. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Substantive Rights
Prison

24. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Increasing
Went down steadily

25. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

26. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Private attorneys

27. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
The views of powerful elites in society
Fine
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

28. Right to counsel
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The procedural criminal law

29. Three Strikes Law
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Fine
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

30. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
16

31. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Higher
Recoupment
Maximum-Security
Boot Camp

32. Probation failure correlates to...
Day Fees
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
18
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

33. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Forfeiture
$200 billion
Probation

34. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Self-incrimination
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The place and its charecteristics

35. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
A fixed term of incarceration
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Intermediate Sanctions
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

36. Right to confront witnesses
Community Service Restitution
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Enter a plea
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

37. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Sentence served simultaneously
nolle prosequi
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The local police

38. Models of sentencing
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Boot Camp
Public Defender
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

39. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
90%
Sentence served simultaneously
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

40. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

41. Right to compulsory process
Society expects them to be criminals
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Probation

42. Peremptory Challenge
Work Release
Sentence served one after another
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

43. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Maximum-Security
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The local police

44. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Minimum-Security Prison
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
90%

45. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Went down steadily

46. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Summer
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

47. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Subpoena
Anger Managment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

48. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Probation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Increasing

49. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

50. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Enter a plea
Pennsylvania System
Forfeiture
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury