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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Substantive Rights
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

2. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
About 10 felony arrests per month
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
90%

3. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Penitentiary House
Grand Jury
Recoupment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

4. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Shock Probation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

5. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Community Treatment
Shock Probation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

6. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Subpoena
Jail
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

7. Right to public trial
Went down steadily
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

8. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Intake
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Jail
Halfway House

9. Women Imprisoned
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Probation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

10. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Defense Attorney
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

11. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Highway Patrol
Recoupment
Penitentiary House

12. Consecutive sentence
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Sentence served one after another
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

13. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Maximum-Security
1.4 million

14. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
$200 billion
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

15. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Subpoena
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Forfeiture
Society expects them to be criminals

16. Right to compulsory process
Young - male - minority - poor
Intermediate Sanctions
Highway Patrol
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

17. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Jail
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Higher

18. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Substantive Rights

19. What are characteristics of inmates
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Young - male - minority - poor
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
A crime that is considered especially immoral

20. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Jail

21. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Private attorneys

22. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Day Fees
Minimum-Security Prison

23. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Defense Attorney
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

24. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Subpoena
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Penitentiary House

25. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Community Treatment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Parole
Boot Camp

26. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
90%
Day Fees
Community Service Restitution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

27. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Recoupment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Day Fees
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

28. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
7 Million Americans
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
A crime that is considered especially immoral

29. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Social agent
Revocation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Test for one's competents to stand trial

30. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Parole
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Anger Managment
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

31. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
90%
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

32. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Self-incrimination
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Increasing

33. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Higher
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defense Attorney
90%

34. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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35. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

36. Goals of Punishment
Total Instutution
A crime that is considered especially immoral
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

37. Miranda Rights...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Maximum-Security
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Restitution

38. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

39. Probation failure correlates to...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Penitentiary House
1.4 million

40. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Boot Camp
Society expects them to be criminals
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

41. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
New York (Auburn) System
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Forfeiture

42. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

43. Models of sentencing
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Anger Managment

44. Indeterminate Sentencing
Community Treatment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

45. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Boot Camp
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Established customs and traditions

46. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Self-incrimination
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

47. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Highway Patrol
The local police
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

48. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Work Release
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Restitution

49. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Community Service Restitution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

50. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
7 Million Americans
Super Maximum-Security Prison