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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Total Instutution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The local police

2. Women Imprisoned
Sentence served one after another
The FBI
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

3. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
7 Million Americans
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
A crime that is considered especially immoral

4. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The U.S. Marshall
Revocation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

5. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The local police
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

6. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Community Service Restitution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

7. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
House Arrest
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
7 Million Americans

8. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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9. Mandatory Sentence
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Indigent Defendant
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

10. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Marriage
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

11. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The FBI
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The procedural criminal law

12. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Work Release
Jail
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

13. Alternative Correctional Institution
Obstacle course
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

14. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Defense Attorney
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Boot Camp
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

15. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Subpoena
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

16. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restorative Justice
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Went down steadily

17. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

18. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pennsylvania System
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Increasing

19. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The procedural criminal law
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Social agent

20. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Revocation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

21. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Sentence served one after another
Forfeiture
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

22. Delinquents
Higher
Assembly line
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

23. Right to be competent at trail

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24. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Penitentiary House
The views of powerful elites in society
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Minimum-Security Prison

25. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Property crimes
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

26. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Furlough
Assembly line
Grand Jury

27. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Probation Rules

28. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Work Release
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Restorative Justice
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

29. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Indigent Defendant
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

30. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Public Defender
Indigent Defendant

31. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Fine

32. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The place and its charecteristics

33. What is General Deterrence?
Self-incrimination
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

34. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Day Fees
Public Defender
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

35. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Furlough
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

36. Jury Selection

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37. Duties of probation officers
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Boot Camp
The local police

38. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Community Treatment
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 10 felony arrests per month

39. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Increasing
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

40. Consecutive sentence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Shock Incarceration
Substantive Rights
Sentence served one after another

41. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Probation
Grand Jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
$200 billion

42. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Parole
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
$200 billion

43. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Went down steadily
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Self-defense and insanity

44. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Self-defense and insanity
1.4 million
Defense Attorney
Went down steadily

45. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
New York (Auburn) System
Intake

46. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The U.S. Marshall
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

47. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The U.S. Marshall
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Subpoena

48. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

49. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

50. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
House Arrest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Assembly line
Collecting taxes and supervising elections