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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Went down steadily
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Indigent Defendant

2. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
7 Million Americans
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

3. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Private attorneys
Subpoena
A crime that is considered especially immoral

4. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Grand Jury

5. Alternative Correctional Institution
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Make-believe family
Community Service Restitution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

6. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

7. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Self-incrimination
Restitution

8. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Should treat people of different classes equitably
16
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

9. Good time
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
18
Test for one's competents to stand trial

10. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Forfeiture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Trial by a judge without jury
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

11. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Day Fees
Private attorneys
Established customs and traditions

12. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

13. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Minimum-Security Prison
Highway Patrol

14. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restitution
Intake

15. Determinate Sentencing
Test for one's competents to stand trial
$200 billion
A fixed term of incarceration
Halfway House

16. Peremptory Challenge
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

17. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

18. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
$200 billion
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

19. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Diversion
16
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

20. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Obstacle course
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
7 Million Americans

21. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Intermediate Sanctions

22. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Prison
Revocation

23. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Subpoena
The place and its charecteristics
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

24. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Increasing
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

25. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Property crimes
The U.S. Marshall
Public Defender
Subpoena

26. Right to counsel
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Restitution

27. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

28. What are characteristics of inmates
Work Release
Young - male - minority - poor
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Self-defense and insanity

29. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Recoupment
Pre-Sentence Investigation

30. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

31. Challenged for cause
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
A fixed term of incarceration
Substantive Rights

32. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The views of powerful elites in society

33. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
New York (Auburn) System
Defense Attorney

34. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Increasing
Total Instutution
Make-believe family
Prison

35. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Fine
Private attorneys
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

36. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Community Treatment
Penitentiary House
Pennsylvania System
Sentence served simultaneously

37. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The local police
Parole
90%

38. Truth in Sentencing
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Furlough

39. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Defense Attorney
The place and its charecteristics
Higher

40. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
The views of powerful elites in society
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

41. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Sentence served one after another
Went down steadily
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
7 Million Americans

42. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
$200 billion
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

43. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Increasing
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

44. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Community Treatment
Self-incrimination
Parole

45. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Probation Rules
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

46. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

47. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Subpoena

48. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Public Defender
18

49. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Halfway House

50. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Property crimes