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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Subpoena
Community Treatment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

2. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Increasing
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Total Instutution
Social agent

3. Judicial Waiver
The place and its charecteristics
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Established customs and traditions

4. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
90%
Shock Incarceration
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

5. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Grand Jury
Intake
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Intermediate Sanctions

6. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
7 Million Americans
Sentence served simultaneously
Social agent

7. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The local police

8. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The views of powerful elites in society
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

9. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

10. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
nolle prosequi
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
A fixed term of incarceration

11. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Shock Probation
Summer

12. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
The views of powerful elites in society
Day Fees
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Went down steadily

13. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Established customs and traditions
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Jail
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

14. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Prison
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Enter a plea

15. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Pennsylvania System
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

16. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

17. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Pennsylvania System
Probation
Substantive Rights
Recoupment

18. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Prison
About 10 felony arrests per month
A fixed term of incarceration

19. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Trial by a judge without jury
Social agent
Self-defense and insanity
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

20. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Marriage
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Indigent Defendant

21. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
90%
Penitentiary House

22. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Forfeiture
The U.S. Marshall

23. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
The place and its charecteristics
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Society expects them to be criminals

24. What is General Deterrence?
Intake
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

25. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Shock Incarceration
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

26. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Went down steadily

27. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Make-believe family
Recoupment
Grand Jury

28. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Public Defender
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

29. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Day Fees
18

30. Challenged for cause
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Social agent

31. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Subpoena
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The place and its charecteristics

32. Indeterminate Sentencing
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Grand Jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

33. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Shock Probation

34. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
House Arrest

35. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The place and its charecteristics
The local police

36. Competent Standard

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37. Peremptory Challenge
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Furlough
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

38. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Social agent
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

39. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Probation Rules
Sentence served one after another
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

40. Factors that Influence Sentencing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation

41. Evidentiary Standard
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The views of powerful elites in society
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

42. Right to an impartial jury
16
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

43. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

44. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The procedural criminal law

45. Right to public trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Furlough

46. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Day Fees
Jail
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Defense Attorney

47. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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48. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

49. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Shock Incarceration

50. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Work Release