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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Boot Camp
The U.S. Marshall
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Summer

2. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Total Instutution

3. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
House Arrest

4. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Private attorneys
Defense Attorney
Pennsylvania System

5. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Furlough
The U.S. Marshall

6. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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7. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Grand Jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Restorative Justice
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

8. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Substantive Rights
Jail

9. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Halfway House
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The local police
Community Service Restitution

10. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The views of powerful elites in society
Shock Incarceration

11. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 10 felony arrests per month
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

12. What is General Deterrence?
Recoupment
Marriage
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

13. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Marriage
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

14. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Probation Rules
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Community Service Restitution

15. Determinate Sentencing
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
A fixed term of incarceration
Social agent
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

16. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
90%
A crime that is considered especially immoral
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Parole

17. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Penitentiary House
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Intermediate Sanctions

18. Three Strikes Law
16
Defense Attorney
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

19. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Anger Managment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
$200 billion

20. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Jail
Increasing
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
House Arrest

21. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

22. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Forfeiture
16
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

23. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Social agent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Society expects them to be criminals
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

24. Motion for a direct verdict
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Penitentiary House

25. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Day Fees
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

26. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Maximum-Security

27. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Day Fees
Work Release
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Increasing

28. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Make-believe family
Sentence served simultaneously

29. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Community Treatment
Parole

30. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Halfway House
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Fine

31. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

32. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
The procedural criminal law
1.4 million
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

33. Women Imprisoned
The U.S. Marshall
House Arrest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

34. Bench Trial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Trial by a judge without jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

35. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Parole
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

36. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Subpoena

37. Miranda Rights...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
7 Million Americans
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

38. Trial Process
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The procedural criminal law

39. Probation failure correlates to...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Sentence served simultaneously

40. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Summer
Minimum-Security Prison
Society expects them to be criminals
Intermediate Sanctions

41. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Minimum-Security Prison
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

42. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Grand Jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Work Release

43. The substantive criminal law...
Property crimes
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

44. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The FBI
Increasing

45. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

46. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Halfway House
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

47. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Social agent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

48. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
$200 billion
Recoupment
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Substantive Rights

49. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

50. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Went down steadily
7 Million Americans
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
A crime that is considered especially immoral