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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Indigent Defendant
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Shock Probation

2. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

3. Statutory Jurisdiction
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Super Maximum-Security Prison
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

4. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Recoupment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Assembly line
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

5. Judicial Waiver
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

6. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Substantive Rights
7 Million Americans
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Work Release

7. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1.4 million
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Highway Patrol
Sentence served simultaneously

8. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Enter a plea
90%
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

9. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Higher
The place and its charecteristics
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

10. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Public Defender
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

11. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
16
Probation Rules
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Boot Camp

12. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
About 10 felony arrests per month
The local police

13. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Revocation
Self-defense and insanity
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

14. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Maximum-Security
Jail
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

15. Problem of Re-entry
The FBI
Revocation
Restorative Justice
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

16. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

17. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Young - male - minority - poor
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Public Defender
Indigent Defendant

18. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Work Release
About 10 felony arrests per month
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

19. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Intermediate Sanctions
nolle prosequi
Society expects them to be criminals
Intake

20. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Established customs and traditions
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Penitentiary House
Subpoena

21. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

22. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Private attorneys

23. Right to an impartial jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The place and its charecteristics
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

24. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Boot Camp
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
90%

25. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Restorative Justice
Obstacle course
Diversion
Day Fees

26. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
90%
7 Million Americans
Private attorneys

27. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Shock Probation
Social agent
Self-defense and insanity

28. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Sentence served one after another
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

29. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
New York (Auburn) System
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Went down steadily
Were considered highly educated in their time period

30. What is General Deterrence?
Probation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Shock Incarceration
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

31. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
16
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

32. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Obstacle course
Enter a plea
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
A crime that is considered especially immoral

33. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Obstacle course
The FBI
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

34. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
16
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Property crimes
The local police

35. Right to an impartial judge
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Were considered highly educated in their time period

36. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

37. The substantive criminal law...
Restitution
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
90%

38. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

39. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Shock Probation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intake

40. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Sentence served one after another
Probation Rules
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Pre-Sentence Investigation

41. Competent Standard

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42. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Forfeiture
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

43. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Young - male - minority - poor
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Sentence served simultaneously

44. Probation failure correlates to...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Society expects them to be criminals
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
A crime that is considered especially immoral

45. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
The place and its charecteristics
$200 billion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
A fixed term of incarceration

46. Right to public trial
$200 billion
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Defense Attorney

47. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
The procedural criminal law
Society expects them to be criminals
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1.4 million

48. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Diversion
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Probation Rules

49. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
The U.S. Marshall
House Arrest
Intermediate Sanctions
Restorative Justice

50. Right to speedy trial
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
A crime that is considered especially immoral