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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

2. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Private attorneys
Social agent
Shock Probation
Furlough

3. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Pennsylvania System
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
House Arrest

4. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Subpoena
Total Instutution

5. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Substantive Rights
Assembly line
Pennsylvania System

6. Right to public trial
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

7. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
The U.S. Marshall
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

8. Miranda Rights...
Diversion
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

9. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The local police
Trial by a judge without jury
Self-incrimination

10. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
House Arrest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

11. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Boot Camp
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
16

12. Judicial Waiver
Social agent
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Should treat people of different classes equitably

13. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
16
Total Instutution
Jail

14. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
House Arrest
nolle prosequi
Society expects them to be criminals
Property crimes

15. Women Imprisoned
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Established customs and traditions

16. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Maximum-Security
Increasing
Parole
Day Fees

17. What is General Deterrence?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

18. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Shock Probation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

19. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Probation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

20. Motion for a direct verdict
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Maximum-Security

21. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Property crimes
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

22. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Make-believe family

23. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Probation

24. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Subpoena
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Restitution
Defense Attorney

25. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Self-defense and insanity
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Total Instutution

26. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Recoupment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Forfeiture

27. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Social agent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Prison
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

28. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
nolle prosequi

29. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Shock Incarceration
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

30. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The FBI
Enter a plea
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

31. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Assembly line
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

32. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Work Release
Probation Rules
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

33. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Society expects them to be criminals
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Furlough

34. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Community Treatment
Enter a plea

35. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
The procedural criminal law
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

36. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Total Instutution
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Parole

37. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

38. Probation failure correlates to...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Assembly line
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

39. Delinquents
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Jail
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

40. Mandatory Sentence
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
$200 billion
Fine
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

41. Concurrent Sentence
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
About 10 felony arrests per month

42. Truth in Sentencing
Maximum-Security
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

43. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
7 Million Americans
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

44. Good time
The place and its charecteristics
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

45. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Make-believe family
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Penitentiary House

46. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Fine
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
16

47. What are characteristics of inmates
$200 billion
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Young - male - minority - poor
nolle prosequi

48. Right to an impartial jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Maximum-Security

49. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Community Service Restitution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

50. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
A fixed term of incarceration
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Trial by a judge without jury

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