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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The local police
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Penitentiary House
Shock Probation

2. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Substantive Rights
Self-incrimination
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

3. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Assembly line
Sentence served simultaneously
Restorative Justice

4. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Fine
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

5. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Restitution
Forfeiture
Work Release

6. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Work Release
Assembly line
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

7. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
90%
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

8. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

9. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Revocation

10. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Pennsylvania System
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Restorative Justice

11. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Anger Managment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
18
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

12. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Private attorneys
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Obstacle course

13. Motion for a direct verdict
Obstacle course
New York (Auburn) System
Self-defense and insanity
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

14. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The place and its charecteristics
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

15. Jury Selection

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16. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Self-incrimination
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

17. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Make-believe family
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Property crimes

18. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Jail
Maximum-Security
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

19. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Revocation

20. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Revocation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

21. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Enter a plea
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Diversion

22. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Probation
Anger Managment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Furlough

23. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
18
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

24. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Higher
Established customs and traditions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

25. Mandatory Sentence
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Pennsylvania System
Restitution

26. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Recoupment

27. Challenged for cause
1.4 million
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Restorative Justice
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

28. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Furlough
Restitution
Enter a plea
Probation

29. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Boot Camp
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Minimum-Security Prison

30. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Make-believe family
Revocation
Penitentiary House
The procedural criminal law

31. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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32. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
16
Sentence served simultaneously

33. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Jail
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Enter a plea
Prison
Community Service Restitution
Substantive Rights

35. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Enter a plea

36. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
About 10 felony arrests per month
Public Defender
Community Treatment

37. Peremptory Challenge
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Increasing
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Higher

38. What is Duress?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

39. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Recoupment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

40. Consecutive sentence
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Sentence served one after another
Day Fees

41. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Intake
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The U.S. Marshall
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

42. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

43. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Community Treatment
Increasing

44. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Substantive Rights
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

45. Right to compulsory process
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

46. Determinate Sentencing
Established customs and traditions
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
A fixed term of incarceration

47. What are characteristics of inmates
Day Fees
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young - male - minority - poor

48. Duties of probation officers
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Revocation

49. Truth in Sentencing
Minimum-Security Prison
Trial by a judge without jury
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

50. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The FBI
Subpoena
Summer