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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Assembly line
Forfeiture

2. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Property crimes
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

3. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

4. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

5. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Restorative Justice
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

6. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The procedural criminal law

7. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Assembly line
Intermediate Sanctions
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

8. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Penitentiary House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

9. Evidentiary Standard
Society expects them to be criminals
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

10. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Boot Camp
Probation Rules
Prison

11. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Assembly line
Jail
Boot Camp

12. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Shock Incarceration
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

13. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
18
House Arrest
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

14. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

15. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Total Instutution
Restorative Justice
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

16. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

17. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Prison
Shock Probation
Summer

18. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Social agent
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

19. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
About 10 felony arrests per month
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

20. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Probation
Penitentiary House

21. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
The U.S. Marshall
House Arrest
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
New York (Auburn) System

22. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The U.S. Marshall
90%
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

23. Models of sentencing
The views of powerful elites in society
90%
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

24. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Total Instutution
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

25. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Property crimes
Jail
Enter a plea

26. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Probation Rules
1.4 million
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

27. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Maximum-Security
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
16

28. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

29. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

30. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
90%
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Intake

31. Capital Punishment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Maximum-Security
Probation Rules
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

32. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Intake
Parole
Anger Managment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

33. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Minimum-Security Prison
Marriage
The views of powerful elites in society
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

34. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
The U.S. Marshall
Marriage
The local police
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

35. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Community Service Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Furlough
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

36. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Substantive Rights
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

37. Right to confront witnesses
The place and its charecteristics
Anger Managment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

38. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Shock Probation
Furlough

39. Status Offenders
1.4 million
Work Release
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

40. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Subpoena
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Boot Camp

41. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Private attorneys
Enter a plea
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

42. Delinquents
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
House Arrest

43. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The FBI
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

44. The sentence
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

45. Indeterminate Sentencing
Day Fees
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
7 Million Americans
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

46. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Revocation
nolle prosequi
Private attorneys
Subpoena

47. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Shock Probation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

48. What are characteristics of inmates
16
Jail
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young - male - minority - poor

49. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The U.S. Marshall
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

50. Concurrent Jursidiction
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation