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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Self-incrimination
Minimum-Security Prison
Pre-Sentence Investigation

2. Three Strikes Law
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

3. Judicial Waiver
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

4. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The U.S. Marshall
Self-defense and insanity
Halfway House

5. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

6. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Parole

7. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Jail
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

8. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Subpoena

9. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
House Arrest
$200 billion
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

10. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Higher
Maximum-Security
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

11. Right to speedy trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The procedural criminal law
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

12. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Boot Camp
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

13. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Make-believe family

14. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

15. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The place and its charecteristics
Forfeiture

16. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

17. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Indigent Defendant
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Pennsylvania System

18. Right to public trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
$200 billion

19. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Total Instutution
Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Probation Rules

20. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Minimum-Security Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

21. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Indigent Defendant
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

22. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
House Arrest
Intermediate Sanctions
Society expects them to be criminals

23. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Obstacle course
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Anger Managment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

24. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Higher
Young - male - minority - poor
The views of powerful elites in society

25. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Defense Attorney
Shock Incarceration
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

26. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Halfway House
Work Release
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
About 10 felony arrests per month

27. Right to confront witnesses
Work Release
Substantive Rights
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

28. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Community Service Restitution
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intermediate Sanctions
Jail

29. Problem of Re-entry
Grand Jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Jail

30. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Recoupment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Enter a plea
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

31. Alternative Correctional Institution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Intermediate Sanctions
Trial by a judge without jury
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

32. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Assembly line
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

33. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Enter a plea
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The FBI

34. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

35. Motion for a direct verdict
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

36. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

37. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Obstacle course

38. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
The local police
Probation
Marriage
Pre-Sentence Investigation

39. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Jail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Probation Rules

40. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Diversion
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Furlough

41. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Maximum-Security
$200 billion
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Day Fees

42. Status Offenders
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
About 10 felony arrests per month
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Recoupment

43. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The FBI

44. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
The local police
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Maximum-Security
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

45. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Prison
Fine
16

46. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
New York (Auburn) System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The views of powerful elites in society

47. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Private attorneys

48. Women Imprisoned
Revocation
Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

49. Verdict
The procedural criminal law
nolle prosequi
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

50. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Super Maximum-Security Prison