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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Higher
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

2. Argument against the Death Penalty
Community Treatment
Recoupment
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

3. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The U.S. Marshall
1.4 million

4. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
House Arrest
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

5. Women Imprisoned
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The place and its charecteristics
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

6. What are characteristics of inmates
Total Instutution
Anger Managment
Young - male - minority - poor
Prison

7. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Furlough
Boot Camp
Shock Probation

8. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Enter a plea

9. Alternative Correctional Institution
Probation Rules
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

10. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

11. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Should treat people of different classes equitably

12. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Private attorneys
Shock Incarceration

13. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Shock Incarceration
Revocation
Maximum-Security
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

14. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

15. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Indigent Defendant
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Enter a plea

16. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Penitentiary House
16
Day Fees

17. Right to speedy trial
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

18. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
16
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

19. Problem of Re-entry
Should treat people of different classes equitably
$200 billion
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

20. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Furlough
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

21. Problems of Parole
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
nolle prosequi
Summer

22. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Jail
New York (Auburn) System

23. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Increasing
Pre-Sentence Investigation

24. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Summer
Community Service Restitution
Subpoena
Restitution

25. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
18
Restitution
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

26. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Highway Patrol
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The place and its charecteristics

27. Right to compulsory process
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Restitution
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Prison

28. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Self-defense and insanity
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
About 10 felony arrests per month
Penitentiary House

29. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Day Fees
Restitution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

30. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Community Service Restitution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Boot Camp
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

31. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Went down steadily
Community Service Restitution
Community Treatment

32. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Parole
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Self-incrimination
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

33. Duties of probation officers
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Boot Camp
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

34. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Private attorneys
Maximum-Security
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Probation Rules

35. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1.4 million
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

36. Capital Punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

37. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Obstacle course
Restorative Justice

38. Trial Process
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The place and its charecteristics
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Revocation

39. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Probation

40. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Self-defense and insanity

41. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Penitentiary House
The procedural criminal law
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

42. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
House Arrest
A fixed term of incarceration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

43. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Private attorneys
Penitentiary House
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

44. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Restitution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

45. Jury Selection

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46. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Maximum-Security
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Community Service Restitution

47. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Make-believe family
Parole
The local police

48. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Fine
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Summer
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

49. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The views of powerful elites in society
Anger Managment
Increasing

50. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
16
Parole
90%
Community Service Restitution