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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Went down steadily
Halfway House
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

2. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
16
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1.4 million
The place and its charecteristics

3. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Forfeiture
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

4. Probation failure correlates to...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Public Defender

5. Goals of Punishment
Assembly line
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

6. Right to an impartial jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

7. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Community Treatment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The U.S. Marshall

8. Duties of probation officers
nolle prosequi
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
7 Million Americans

9. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
A fixed term of incarceration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

10. Bench Trial
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Trial by a judge without jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

11. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
$200 billion
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Sentence served simultaneously
Community Treatment

12. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Enter a plea
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Public Defender
House Arrest

13. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Make-believe family
The FBI
Parole
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

14. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Furlough
The local police
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

15. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Maximum-Security
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Make-believe family
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

16. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
nolle prosequi
Jail
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Furlough

17. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Highway Patrol
New York (Auburn) System
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

18. Right to counsel
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Defense Attorney
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

19. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Probation Rules
Make-believe family

20. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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21. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Summer
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Property crimes

22. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Jail

23. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Community Service Restitution
7 Million Americans
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

24. Right to confront witnesses
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
7 Million Americans
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

25. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Established customs and traditions
Boot Camp
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

26. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Recoupment
Shock Incarceration
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

27. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Highway Patrol

28. Models of sentencing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Sentence served simultaneously
The local police

29. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Marriage
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

30. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Probation Rules
Summer
Higher

31. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Forfeiture
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

32. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Self-incrimination
Community Service Restitution

33. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Grand Jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Anger Managment

34. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Public Defender
Increasing
Boot Camp
About 10 felony arrests per month

35. Concurrent Sentence
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
A fixed term of incarceration
Restorative Justice
Sentence served simultaneously

36. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Indigent Defendant
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Anger Managment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

37. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Minimum-Security Prison

38. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Higher
Sentence served simultaneously
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Probation

39. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Community Treatment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

40. Argument against the Death Penalty
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

41. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

42. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Boot Camp
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Increasing

43. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
nolle prosequi
Increasing
About 10 felony arrests per month

44. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Community Service Restitution
Higher
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

45. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The place and its charecteristics
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

46. Verdict
16
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Maximum-Security

47. What is General Deterrence?
Sentence served simultaneously
Minimum-Security Prison
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

48. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Probation Rules
Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

49. The substantive criminal law...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

50. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
7 Million Americans