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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Probation failure correlates to...
Sentence served simultaneously
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

2. Determinate Sentencing
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Shock Incarceration

3. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Make-believe family
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Total Instutution

4. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Fine
Penitentiary House
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

5. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Prison
Marriage
Society expects them to be criminals
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

6. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Self-incrimination
Total Instutution
Prison
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

7. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Make-believe family
Halfway House
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

8. Alternative Correctional Institution
Shock Incarceration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Super Maximum-Security Prison

9. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The FBI
Private attorneys

10. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Day Fees
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Subpoena
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

11. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
House Arrest
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Increasing
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

12. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The place and its charecteristics
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

13. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Work Release
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Public Defender
About 10 felony arrests per month

14. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Shock Probation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Self-incrimination
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

15. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Higher
The local police

16. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Forfeiture
Established customs and traditions
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Marriage

17. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Pennsylvania System
Penitentiary House
Higher

18. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Shock Incarceration

19. Mandatory Sentence
Went down steadily
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Jail
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

20. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
$200 billion
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

21. Concurrent Sentence
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Sentence served simultaneously
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

22. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

23. What are characteristics of inmates
Property crimes
Self-incrimination
Young - male - minority - poor
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

24. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

25. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Grand Jury
Forfeiture
The views of powerful elites in society
Sentence served one after another

26. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Highway Patrol
A fixed term of incarceration

27. Miranda Rights...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Property crimes
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Minimum-Security Prison

28. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
New York (Auburn) System
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

29. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young - male - minority - poor
The U.S. Marshall
Boot Camp

30. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
7 Million Americans
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

31. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Public Defender
Indigent Defendant
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The U.S. Marshall

32. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
The procedural criminal law
Substantive Rights
Were considered highly educated in their time period
90%

33. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Halfway House

34. Right to be competent at trail

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35. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Furlough
Restitution
Forfeiture

36. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Society expects them to be criminals
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Recoupment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

37. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Obstacle course
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
New York (Auburn) System
Defense Attorney

38. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Enter a plea
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

39. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
The views of powerful elites in society
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

40. Right to an impartial jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

41. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Obstacle course
Property crimes

42. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The U.S. Marshall
Intake
nolle prosequi

43. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
7 Million Americans
Make-believe family
Young - male - minority - poor
Anger Managment

44. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Assembly line
90%
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Social agent

45. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Young - male - minority - poor
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

46. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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47. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The place and its charecteristics
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Social agent

48. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Increasing
Society expects them to be criminals
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

49. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Summer
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

50. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Parole
Marriage
Enter a plea

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