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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to public trial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

2. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Probation
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Halfway House
Parole

3. Capital Punishment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Shock Incarceration
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

4. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

5. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Went down steadily
Probation
Community Treatment

6. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Grand Jury
Intermediate Sanctions

7. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Work Release
Defense Attorney
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

8. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Intake
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Social agent

9. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

10. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably

11. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

12. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Enter a plea
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Super Maximum-Security Prison

13. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Highway Patrol
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

14. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
$200 billion

15. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Substantive Rights
16
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

16. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

17. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Substantive Rights
Make-believe family
Prison

18. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
18
The FBI
Intake
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

19. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Private attorneys
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

20. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
nolle prosequi

21. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

22. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Intake
The U.S. Marshall
Sentence served simultaneously
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

23. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Prison
Increasing
Parole
Total Instutution

24. Trial Process
Total Instutution
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

25. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Community Treatment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

26. Verdict
The views of powerful elites in society
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Probation Rules

27. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Obstacle course
The U.S. Marshall
Highway Patrol

28. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Parole
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

29. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The U.S. Marshall
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The views of powerful elites in society

30. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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31. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
The U.S. Marshall
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

32. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Day Fees
Self-incrimination
Subpoena

33. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Indigent Defendant
Shock Probation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

34. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

35. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Indigent Defendant
Penitentiary House
Public Defender
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

36. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Day Fees
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

37. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

38. Right to be competent at trail

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39. Competent Standard

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40. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Assembly line

41. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
1.4 million
Self-defense and insanity
Jail

42. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The U.S. Marshall
Increasing
Self-defense and insanity

43. Determinate Sentencing
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
A fixed term of incarceration
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Maximum-Security

44. Peremptory Challenge
Penitentiary House
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Social agent
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

45. Truth in Sentencing
Day Fees
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Probation

46. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Enter a plea

47. Right to an impartial jury
A crime that is considered especially immoral
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Total Instutution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

48. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

49. Problem of Re-entry
Probation Rules
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Revocation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

50. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
nolle prosequi