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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Higher
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Pennsylvania System

2. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Anger Managment
Diversion

3. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Went down steadily
16
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

4. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Work Release
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

5. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
A fixed term of incarceration
1.4 million

6. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Community Treatment
Prison

7. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Defense Attorney
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Make-believe family
Maximum-Security

8. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Summer

9. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Intake
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Penitentiary House
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

10. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Furlough
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

11. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Indigent Defendant
Restitution

12. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Probation Rules
90%
Restitution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

13. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Minimum-Security Prison
Sentence served one after another
Restorative Justice
The procedural criminal law

14. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
18
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Public Defender

15. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Subpoena
Pre-Sentence Investigation

16. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Higher
The procedural criminal law
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

17. Truth in Sentencing
Assembly line
Community Treatment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

18. The sentence
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Maximum-Security
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Anger Managment

19. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

20. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Property crimes

21. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Penitentiary House
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Sentence served simultaneously

22. Trial Process
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Self-defense and insanity

23. Models of sentencing
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The views of powerful elites in society

24. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

25. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

26. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Society expects them to be criminals
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

27. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1.4 million
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

28. Problems of Parole
Subpoena
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

29. Miranda Rights...
Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The procedural criminal law

30. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Prison
nolle prosequi
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Minimum-Security Prison

31. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Public Defender
Shock Incarceration

32. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Anger Managment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Summer
The place and its charecteristics

33. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The views of powerful elites in society
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

34. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The U.S. Marshall
The FBI
Intake

35. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The FBI

36. The substantive criminal law...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Substantive Rights
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

37. Three Strikes Law
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Forfeiture
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

38. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Community Service Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Highway Patrol

39. Delinquents
Probation Rules
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Revocation
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

40. What is General Deterrence?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

41. Consecutive sentence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Sentence served one after another

42. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

43. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
18

44. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
A fixed term of incarceration
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

45. Right to counsel
Sentence served one after another
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Community Service Restitution
Restorative Justice

46. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Highway Patrol
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young - male - minority - poor
Parole

47. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
$200 billion
Summer
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

48. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
The FBI
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Fine

49. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Intermediate Sanctions

50. Right to be competent at trail