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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Higher
Summer
About 10 felony arrests per month

2. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Make-believe family
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Went down steadily

3. Probation failure correlates to...
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
House Arrest
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

4. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Summer

5. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Grand Jury
The procedural criminal law
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

6. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Fine
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

7. Statutory Jurisdiction
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Probation Rules
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

8. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Young - male - minority - poor
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

9. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

10. The sentence
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Subpoena

11. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Recoupment

12. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Parole
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

13. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Shock Incarceration
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

14. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Went down steadily
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

15. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Restitution
Pennsylvania System
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

16. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Maximum-Security
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Intermediate Sanctions

17. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
A fixed term of incarceration
Marriage
Maximum-Security
New York (Auburn) System

18. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Maximum-Security
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Work Release

19. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

20. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Young - male - minority - poor
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

21. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Obstacle course
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

22. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
The procedural criminal law
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
18

23. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Community Service Restitution
Restitution
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

24. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Social agent
7 Million Americans

25. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Intermediate Sanctions
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Probation
Assembly line

26. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
House Arrest
Prison
Subpoena
Super Maximum-Security Prison

27. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Prison
Established customs and traditions
A crime that is considered especially immoral

28. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Furlough
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

29. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

30. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Established customs and traditions
90%
Forfeiture
Anger Managment

31. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Prison
Intermediate Sanctions
Furlough

32. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Sentence served one after another
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Diversion

33. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
About 10 felony arrests per month
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Indigent Defendant

34. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Trial by a judge without jury
Indigent Defendant
Fine

35. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Community Treatment
About 10 felony arrests per month

36. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The U.S. Marshall
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

37. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Established customs and traditions
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

38. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
18
Private attorneys
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

39. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Fine
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
A fixed term of incarceration
Intake

40. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

41. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

42. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Make-believe family
Grand Jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
House Arrest

43. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Jail
Diversion

44. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Highway Patrol
Property crimes
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

45. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Established customs and traditions
Fine

46. Alternative Correctional Institution
Shock Probation
Anger Managment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

47. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Anger Managment
House Arrest
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Intake

48. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Marriage
Pre-Sentence Investigation

49. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
About 10 felony arrests per month
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Defense Attorney

50. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors