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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Community Treatment
Restitution
Anger Managment
Total Instutution

2. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

3. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Minimum-Security Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restitution
Test for one's competents to stand trial

4. What are characteristics of inmates
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Young - male - minority - poor
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

5. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Assembly line
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intake
The FBI

6. Determinate Sentencing
Anger Managment
Sentence served one after another
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
A fixed term of incarceration

7. Right to compulsory process
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

8. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
18
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

9. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
90%
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

10. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1.4 million
The local police
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

11. Delinquents
Defense Attorney
Day Fees
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

12. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Shock Probation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

13. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The local police

14. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
About 10 felony arrests per month
House Arrest

15. Three Strikes Law
Sentence served one after another
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Social agent

16. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

17. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Prison
Grand Jury
Anger Managment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

18. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Increasing
The views of powerful elites in society
Recoupment
Parole

19. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Make-believe family
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

20. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Subpoena
Restorative Justice
Summer

21. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Penitentiary House
90%
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Highway Patrol

22. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Halfway House
Summer
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

23. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Diversion
Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Minimum-Security Prison

24. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Fine
16
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

25. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Forfeiture
Probation Rules
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

26. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

27. What is Duress?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Halfway House
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

28. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Restorative Justice
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Minimum-Security Prison

29. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The U.S. Marshall
Day Fees
Assembly line

30. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
Diversion
Substantive Rights

31. Probation failure correlates to...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The local police
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Probation

32. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Self-incrimination
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Sentence served simultaneously

33. Problems of Parole
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

34. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
About 10 felony arrests per month
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Community Treatment

35. Goals of Punishment
Trial by a judge without jury
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

36. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Young - male - minority - poor
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
7 Million Americans
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

37. Models of sentencing
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Anger Managment
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

38. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Minimum-Security Prison
The local police
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

39. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The procedural criminal law

40. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Self-defense and insanity
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

41. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Penitentiary House
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Jail
Defense Attorney

42. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Defense Attorney
Minimum-Security Prison
18
Work Release

43. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

44. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

45. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Penitentiary House
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

46. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
$200 billion
Pennsylvania System
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Grand Jury

47. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Defense Attorney
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

48. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Substantive Rights
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

49. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Social agent
House Arrest
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

50. Right to speedy trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Society expects them to be criminals
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

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