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Test your basic knowledge |
Criminal Justice
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
law
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Forfeiture
Jail
Subpoena
2. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
The local police
nolle prosequi
Increasing
Boot Camp
3. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
4. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
16
Halfway House
Total Instutution
Probation
5. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1.4 million
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Indigent Defendant
6. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Prison
Fine
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Went down steadily
7. What is Duress?
Probation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Self-incrimination
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
8. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Maximum-Security
Work Release
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
9. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Went down steadily
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
10. Miranda Rights...
Total Instutution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
11. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Defense Attorney
nolle prosequi
12. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Shock Incarceration
1.4 million
Recoupment
13. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Parole
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Jail
Make-believe family
14. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The FBI
Sentence served one after another
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
15. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Parole
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Assembly line
16. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The views of powerful elites in society
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
17. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
New York (Auburn) System
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Subpoena
18. Concurrent Sentence
Summer
Maximum-Security
Community Treatment
Sentence served simultaneously
19. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Trial by a judge without jury
20. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Defense Attorney
Maximum-Security
1.4 million
Minimum-Security Prison
21. Concurrent Jursidiction
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Trial by a judge without jury
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
22. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
The views of powerful elites in society
Community Service Restitution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
23. Three Strikes Law
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
24. Indeterminate Sentencing
Highway Patrol
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Work Release
25. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Community Service Restitution
Super Maximum-Security Prison
26. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
27. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
1.4 million
$200 billion
Halfway House
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
28. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
16
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
29. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
18
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
30. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The local police
Community Treatment
31. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Anger Managment
Indigent Defendant
32. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Halfway House
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Self-incrimination
Parole
33. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Enter a plea
Assembly line
34. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
35. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Property crimes
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
36. Jury Selection
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37. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
90%
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
38. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
$200 billion
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Penitentiary House
39. Women Imprisoned
Community Service Restitution
90%
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
40. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
nolle prosequi
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
41. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Work Release
42. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Higher
43. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Make-believe family
Furlough
44. Motion for a direct verdict
16
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
A fixed term of incarceration
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
45. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Marriage
46. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 10 felony arrests per month
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
47. Right to counsel
Society expects them to be criminals
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
48. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
49. Judicial Waiver
90%
Defense Attorney
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Subpoena
50. Problems of Parole
Public Defender
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
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