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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
90%
nolle prosequi

2. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Penitentiary House
Jail
Restorative Justice

3. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

4. Right to compulsory process
Community Treatment
Increasing
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

5. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Self-defense and insanity
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

6. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Young - male - minority - poor
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Private attorneys
The U.S. Marshall

7. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

8. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Young - male - minority - poor
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

9. Status Offenders
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

10. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Public Defender
Parole
New York (Auburn) System

11. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Probation Rules
Public Defender

12. Verdict
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

13. Right to public trial
Shock Incarceration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

14. Problems of Parole
Probation
Fine
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

15. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Intake
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Young - male - minority - poor

16. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

17. Statutory Jurisdiction
Summer
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

18. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intake
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
16

19. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Public Defender
Self-incrimination

20. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Property crimes
Higher
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

21. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Indigent Defendant
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

22. Probation failure correlates to...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

23. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Pre-Sentence Investigation

24. Concurrent Sentence
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Jail
Sentence served simultaneously
Substantive Rights

25. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Pennsylvania System
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Summer
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

26. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Community Service Restitution
About 10 felony arrests per month
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Restorative Justice

27. The substantive criminal law...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Penitentiary House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

28. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
18

29. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
New York (Auburn) System
Private attorneys

30. Right to speedy trial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

31. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Prison
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Penitentiary House

32. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

33. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Defense Attorney
Minimum-Security Prison
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

34. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Revocation

35. Right to an impartial jury
The procedural criminal law
Boot Camp
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Self-incrimination

36. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Trial by a judge without jury
Parole
Test for one's competents to stand trial

37. Argument against the Death Penalty
House Arrest
Total Instutution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

38. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Self-incrimination
Probation

39. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Self-incrimination
Shock Incarceration

40. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Boot Camp
House Arrest
A fixed term of incarceration

41. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Young - male - minority - poor
Grand Jury
Sentence served simultaneously

42. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Property crimes
Subpoena
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Summer

43. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Restitution
The procedural criminal law

44. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Indigent Defendant
Furlough
$200 billion
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

45. Right to be competent at trail

46. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Recoupment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

47. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Social agent
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

48. Challenged for cause
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Diversion
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

49. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Jail
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

50. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
The procedural criminal law
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Whether the person intentionally committed the act