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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The views of powerful elites in society
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Enter a plea

2. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Assembly line
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

3. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Property crimes
Prison
1.4 million
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

4. Bench Trial
Penitentiary House
Higher
Trial by a judge without jury
Day Fees

5. Evidentiary Standard
90%
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Intermediate Sanctions
1.4 million

6. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Substantive Rights
The views of powerful elites in society
Day Fees
Restorative Justice

7. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Obstacle course
Minimum-Security Prison
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Public Defender

8. Indeterminate Sentencing
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The U.S. Marshall
Recoupment

9. Three Strikes Law
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Went down steadily
Grand Jury

10. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
The procedural criminal law
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

11. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Indigent Defendant
Shock Incarceration

12. What is Duress?
Halfway House
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

13. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
The FBI
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

14. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Jail

15. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Forfeiture
A crime that is considered especially immoral

16. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Social agent

17. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1.4 million
Enter a plea
The procedural criminal law

18. Probation failure correlates to...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

19. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

20. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Fine

21. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Went down steadily
Community Treatment
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

22. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Fine
Higher
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

23. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Sentence served simultaneously
New York (Auburn) System
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

24. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Young - male - minority - poor
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

25. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Young - male - minority - poor
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

26. Models of sentencing
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Restorative Justice
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

27. Verdict
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Anger Managment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

28. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Grand Jury

29. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Intake
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Property crimes
The procedural criminal law

30. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Public Defender
Revocation

31. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Subpoena
Probation Rules
Society expects them to be criminals

32. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Recoupment
Restorative Justice
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

33. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Went down steadily
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Total Instutution

34. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Diversion
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Maximum-Security
Assembly line

35. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Self-defense and insanity
Indigent Defendant

36. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

37. What is General Deterrence?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Revocation
16
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

38. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Forfeiture
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Public Defender

39. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

40. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Probation Rules
The U.S. Marshall
The place and its charecteristics

41. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Highway Patrol
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

42. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

43. Miranda Rights...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

44. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

45. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Probation
New York (Auburn) System
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

46. Duties of probation officers
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

47. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Self-defense and insanity
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Community Service Restitution

48. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Went down steadily
Trial by a judge without jury
Established customs and traditions

49. Delinquents
Day Fees
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

50. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The place and its charecteristics
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The views of powerful elites in society