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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

2. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Prison

3. What is General Deterrence?
Restitution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Private attorneys
Summer

4. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Marriage

5. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Recoupment
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Shock Incarceration
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

6. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Fine
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Public Defender
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

7. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Restorative Justice
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

8. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Public Defender
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Make-believe family

9. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
House Arrest
Summer
Subpoena

10. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Maximum-Security
The FBI
Shock Probation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

11. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Boot Camp
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Anger Managment

12. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Boot Camp
Halfway House
Restorative Justice

13. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Diversion
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

14. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Probation

15. Duties of probation officers
Shock Incarceration
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

16. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Indigent Defendant
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

17. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Work Release
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

18. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Prison
Society expects them to be criminals
Increasing
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

19. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

20. The sentence
Total Instutution
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Halfway House

21. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Parole
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

22. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

23. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Restitution
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

24. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Maximum-Security
Test for one's competents to stand trial

25. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Pennsylvania System

26. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
18
Highway Patrol
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

27. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

28. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The local police
Intermediate Sanctions
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The procedural criminal law

29. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
16
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

30. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Public Defender
Anger Managment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

31. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Substantive Rights
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Defense Attorney
Summer

32. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Subpoena
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Penitentiary House

33. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Community Treatment
Day Fees
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The FBI
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

35. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Penitentiary House
Private attorneys
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

36. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Established customs and traditions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
nolle prosequi

37. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Property crimes
Recoupment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

38. Right to an impartial judge
Property crimes
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

39. Motion for a direct verdict
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Grand Jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The FBI

40. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Community Treatment
Enter a plea
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

41. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
The U.S. Marshall
The local police
7 Million Americans
Minimum-Security Prison

42. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Anger Managment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Diversion

43. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Make-believe family
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

44. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Fine
Community Treatment

45. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Established customs and traditions
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

46. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Summer

47. Three Strikes Law
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Sentence served simultaneously
Probation Rules

48. Problem of Re-entry
Probation Rules
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Make-believe family
nolle prosequi

49. Problems of Parole
Defense Attorney
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Private attorneys
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

50. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Established customs and traditions
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Property crimes