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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Capital Punishment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Intake
The place and its charecteristics
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

2. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Maximum-Security
Indigent Defendant
Enter a plea
Grand Jury

3. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
About 10 felony arrests per month
Assembly line
Jail

4. The substantive criminal law...
The FBI
Penitentiary House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
A crime that is considered especially immoral

5. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Penitentiary House
Shock Probation

6. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Revocation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

7. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Public Defender
Pennsylvania System
Revocation

8. What is General Deterrence?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Marriage
Enter a plea
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

9. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Day Fees
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

10. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

11. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Shock Incarceration
Boot Camp
Community Treatment

12. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Shock Probation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

13. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Increasing

14. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
18
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The place and its charecteristics

15. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Highway Patrol
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

16. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The FBI

17. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Higher
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

18. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Self-defense and insanity
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

19. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Property crimes
Restorative Justice
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

20. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Defense Attorney
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Jail

21. What are characteristics of inmates
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Young - male - minority - poor
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

22. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Went down steadily
Established customs and traditions
16
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

23. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Recoupment

24. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
New York (Auburn) System
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

25. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Increasing

26. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Community Treatment
Make-believe family

27. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Furlough
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

28. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Young - male - minority - poor
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Trial by a judge without jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

29. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Were considered highly educated in their time period
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

30. Challenged for cause
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

31. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
18
Intermediate Sanctions
The views of powerful elites in society
Forfeiture

32. Mandatory Sentence
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
A fixed term of incarceration
The local police

33. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

34. The sentence
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1.4 million
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family

35. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Revocation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The local police

36. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Jail
The U.S. Marshall
Grand Jury

37. Jury Selection

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38. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

39. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Community Service Restitution
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

40. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Restitution
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Community Service Restitution

41. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The views of powerful elites in society
Work Release

42. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Halfway House
Substantive Rights
Penitentiary House
Trial by a judge without jury

43. Bench Trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Trial by a judge without jury

44. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
7 Million Americans
Pennsylvania System
The local police
Self-incrimination

45. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
A fixed term of incarceration
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Revocation

46. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Day Fees
Society expects them to be criminals
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

47. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Society expects them to be criminals
Higher
Self-incrimination

48. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Forfeiture
Shock Incarceration

49. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Day Fees
Public Defender
Enter a plea
Went down steadily

50. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Enter a plea
Restitution
Work Release