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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Probation Rules

2. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Property crimes
Minimum-Security Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

3. Right to counsel
Defense Attorney
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

4. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

5. Challenged for cause
Revocation
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Private attorneys
Day Fees

6. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Private attorneys
Maximum-Security

7. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Self-incrimination
Sentence served one after another

8. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Day Fees
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Boot Camp
16

9. Judicial Waiver
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Public Defender
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
7 Million Americans

10. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Fine
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

11. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
18
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The procedural criminal law

12. Verdict
Sentence served one after another
Make-believe family
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

13. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Forfeiture
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

14. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Halfway House
Marriage
Assembly line

15. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Recoupment
Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

16. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Forfeiture
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Day Fees

17. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Maximum-Security
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Intake
Society expects them to be criminals

18. Right to an impartial jury
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Self-incrimination
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

19. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Total Instutution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

20. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Self-defense and insanity
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Public Defender

21. Concurrent Sentence
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Sentence served simultaneously
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

22. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Prison
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

23. What is General Deterrence?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

24. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Assembly line
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

25. Goals of Punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

26. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Pennsylvania System
Boot Camp
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Recoupment

27. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

28. Right to compulsory process
Self-incrimination
Minimum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
A fixed term of incarceration

29. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Enter a plea
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Work Release
Sentence served one after another

30. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Obstacle course
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

31. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Revocation
$200 billion
Property crimes
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

32. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
A fixed term of incarceration
Restitution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Revocation

33. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
New York (Auburn) System
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Fine
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

34. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Penitentiary House
The local police
Shock Probation

35. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Shock Probation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

36. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Probation
90%
Maximum-Security
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

37. The substantive criminal law...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Grand Jury
Halfway House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

38. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Self-defense and insanity
Pre-Sentence Investigation

39. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Shock Incarceration
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Social agent

40. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Subpoena
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

41. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Private attorneys
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Indigent Defendant

42. Consecutive sentence
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Property crimes
Sentence served one after another
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

43. Right to an impartial judge
Forfeiture
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
18

44. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
16
Furlough
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

45. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Diversion
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

46. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
A fixed term of incarceration
Diversion
Grand Jury

47. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Grand Jury
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

48. Peremptory Challenge
Went down steadily
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

49. Right to confront witnesses
Young - male - minority - poor
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Enter a plea
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

50. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Summer