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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Probation
Defense Attorney
Minimum-Security Prison

2. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Maximum-Security
Halfway House
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

3. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Probation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Boot Camp

4. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Total Instutution
Private attorneys
Probation Rules

5. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Community Treatment
Probation
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Shock Incarceration

6. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Probation Rules
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Work Release
Assembly line

7. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Self-incrimination
Parole
Shock Probation

8. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Probation Rules
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Enter a plea
Obstacle course

9. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Public Defender
Sentence served simultaneously

10. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Self-incrimination
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

11. What is General Deterrence?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

12. Motion for a direct verdict
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Trial by a judge without jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

13. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Trial by a judge without jury

14. Bench Trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
18
Trial by a judge without jury
House Arrest

15. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Work Release
Intake
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Sentence served one after another

16. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Halfway House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The local police
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

17. Truth in Sentencing
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Defense Attorney
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

18. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Private attorneys
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The place and its charecteristics

19. Right to public trial
Obstacle course
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

20. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

21. Jury Selection

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22. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Jail
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

23. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Grand Jury
90%
The local police
Intake

24. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Prison
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Restitution
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

25. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Public Defender

26. Probation failure correlates to...
Obstacle course
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

27. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Recoupment
Assembly line

28. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Diversion
Defense Attorney
Obstacle course

29. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Revocation
The procedural criminal law
Established customs and traditions

30. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
A fixed term of incarceration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Increasing
Indigent Defendant

31. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

32. Right to speedy trial
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

33. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Diversion
Substantive Rights

34. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Grand Jury
Prison
Young - male - minority - poor

35. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Young - male - minority - poor
Public Defender

36. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Obstacle course
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Penitentiary House

37. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Marriage
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Highway Patrol

38. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Total Instutution
Jail

39. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation
About 10 felony arrests per month
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

40. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

41. Right to an impartial judge
Sentence served one after another
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1.4 million

42. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
18
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Intermediate Sanctions
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

43. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Summer
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Higher

44. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Boot Camp
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

45. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

46. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Social agent
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The procedural criminal law

47. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Obstacle course
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The local police

48. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Work Release
Increasing
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

49. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Established customs and traditions
18
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Make-believe family

50. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Society expects them to be criminals
Restitution
90%