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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Models of sentencing
Diversion
Prison
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

2. Right to confront witnesses
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Anger Managment

3. Capital Punishment
About 10 felony arrests per month
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

4. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Young - male - minority - poor
Summer
The place and its charecteristics

5. Concurrent Jursidiction
Higher
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Highway Patrol
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

6. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
The local police
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Obstacle course

7. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
New York (Auburn) System
House Arrest
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

8. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Restitution
Work Release
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Prison

9. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Probation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Prison

10. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Higher
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

11. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Boot Camp
Enter a plea
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

12. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Highway Patrol
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Young - male - minority - poor

13. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Intake
Established customs and traditions
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

14. What are characteristics of inmates
Total Instutution
Young - male - minority - poor
Assembly line
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

15. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

16. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Went down steadily
Day Fees
Young - male - minority - poor
A crime that is considered especially immoral

17. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Young - male - minority - poor
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Marriage

18. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
$200 billion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

19. Right to be competent at trail

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20. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Subpoena
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Were considered highly educated in their time period

21. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The procedural criminal law
The U.S. Marshall
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Anger Managment

22. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Revocation
Pennsylvania System
nolle prosequi
Halfway House

23. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Sentence served one after another
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

24. Indeterminate Sentencing
Sentence served one after another
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

25. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Summer
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

26. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
18
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restitution
Furlough

27. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
nolle prosequi
18
Probation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

28. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Probation
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

29. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Fine
16
Pre-Sentence Investigation

30. Right to an impartial judge
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
House Arrest
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

31. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Pennsylvania System
Intake
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
nolle prosequi

32. The substantive criminal law...
Young - male - minority - poor
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Community Treatment

33. Right to counsel
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
New York (Auburn) System
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Self-incrimination
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Community Service Restitution

35. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established customs and traditions

36. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
The local police
Defense Attorney
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

37. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Sentence served one after another
Pennsylvania System
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Recoupment

38. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Restorative Justice
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

39. Three Strikes Law
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
New York (Auburn) System

40. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Boot Camp
Obstacle course
Increasing

41. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Probation Rules
Revocation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

42. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
nolle prosequi
Obstacle course

43. Peremptory Challenge
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

44. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Anger Managment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Maximum-Security

45. Delinquents
Substantive Rights
Total Instutution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Higher

46. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Social agent
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Pre-Sentence Investigation

47. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
18
7 Million Americans

48. Truth in Sentencing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

49. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

50. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
$200 billion
About 10 felony arrests per month
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults