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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Community Service Restitution
The procedural criminal law
16

2. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Higher
Forfeiture
Increasing
Society expects them to be criminals

3. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
1.4 million
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Prison

4. The sentence
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
nolle prosequi
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

5. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Went down steadily
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

6. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Enter a plea
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Assembly line
Maximum-Security

7. Trial Process
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Enter a plea
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Halfway House

8. Right to speedy trial
$200 billion
Private attorneys
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

9. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Probation
Self-incrimination
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

10. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
18
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

11. Statutory Jurisdiction
Enter a plea
Forfeiture
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

12. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

13. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Subpoena
Probation Rules
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

14. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
The U.S. Marshall
nolle prosequi
Marriage
Defense Attorney

15. Problem of Re-entry
The U.S. Marshall
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Diversion

16. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Trial by a judge without jury
The views of powerful elites in society
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

17. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
18
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Assembly line
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

18. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Obstacle course
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

19. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Sentence served simultaneously
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

20. Problems of Parole
Work Release
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Subpoena
Revocation

21. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Obstacle course
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Defense Attorney

22. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Marriage
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Make-believe family
Trial by a judge without jury

23. Models of sentencing
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

24. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
nolle prosequi
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

25. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Were considered highly educated in their time period

26. Verdict
Summer
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
House Arrest
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

27. Motion for a direct verdict
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Revocation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

28. Good time
The FBI
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

29. What is General Deterrence?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

30. Arguments for the Death Penalty

31. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Highway Patrol
The procedural criminal law
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Boot Camp

32. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

33. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
$200 billion
The views of powerful elites in society
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
7 Million Americans

34. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Boot Camp
Penitentiary House
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

35. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Revocation
Day Fees
A fixed term of incarceration

36. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Anger Managment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Halfway House

37. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Sentence served one after another
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Minimum-Security Prison

38. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Probation Rules
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Fine

39. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Maximum-Security
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

40. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Maximum-Security
Parole
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

41. Right to counsel
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Young - male - minority - poor
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

42. Bench Trial
Subpoena
18
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Trial by a judge without jury

43. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Day Fees

44. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Furlough
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Minimum-Security Prison
Restorative Justice

45. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

46. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Substantive Rights
Community Treatment
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
18

47. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Intermediate Sanctions

48. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
The local police
Total Instutution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

49. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
nolle prosequi
Higher
Restorative Justice

50. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Defense Attorney
Assembly line
An example of the criminal defense of Justification