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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Self-incrimination
About 10 felony arrests per month

2. Right to be competent at trail

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3. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Day Fees
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Substantive Rights

4. Right to counsel
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Social agent
The place and its charecteristics
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

5. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Diversion
Higher
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

6. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Social agent
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

7. Miranda Rights...
The FBI
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Forfeiture
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

8. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Grand Jury
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Intermediate Sanctions
Assembly line

9. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Diversion
Furlough

10. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Penitentiary House
Maximum-Security

11. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Probation
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

12. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Went down steadily
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

13. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Penitentiary House

14. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Recoupment
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

15. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The views of powerful elites in society
Private attorneys
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

16. Good time
Community Treatment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Shock Incarceration

17. Judicial Waiver
Intake
Shock Probation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

18. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Highway Patrol
Sentence served one after another
Marriage
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

19. Goals of Punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
New York (Auburn) System
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

20. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
1.4 million
Marriage
Probation Rules
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

21. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Intermediate Sanctions
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Minimum-Security Prison

22. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Prison
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
New York (Auburn) System
Self-defense and insanity

23. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Went down steadily

24. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

25. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Obstacle course
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Grand Jury

26. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Fine
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The place and its charecteristics
The FBI

27. Probation failure correlates to...
Young - male - minority - poor
Community Service Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The U.S. Marshall

28. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Property crimes

29. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Established customs and traditions
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Forfeiture

30. Motion for a direct verdict
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Penitentiary House
Sentence served one after another

31. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Work Release

32. Women Imprisoned
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Total Instutution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

33. Consecutive sentence
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Sentence served one after another
The place and its charecteristics
Jail

34. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Defense Attorney
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Intermediate Sanctions
7 Million Americans

35. What are characteristics of inmates
Established customs and traditions
Young - male - minority - poor
Super Maximum-Security Prison
About 10 felony arrests per month

36. Evidentiary Standard
Public Defender
nolle prosequi
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

37. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
House Arrest
Shock Probation
Substantive Rights
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

38. Bench Trial
Probation Rules
Trial by a judge without jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

39. Peremptory Challenge
Sentence served simultaneously
The local police
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

40. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Social agent
7 Million Americans

41. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

42. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Maximum-Security
The views of powerful elites in society
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

43. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Self-incrimination

44. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Prison
Marriage
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

45. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Work Release
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Community Service Restitution

46. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation Rules

47. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Went down steadily
Indigent Defendant
Substantive Rights

48. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Sentence served one after another
The FBI

49. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Probation
Trial by a judge without jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably

50. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Self-defense and insanity
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Assembly line
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

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