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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Shock Probation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

2. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Summer
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Self-incrimination

3. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Shock Probation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

4. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Day Fees
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Sentence served one after another
18

5. Women Imprisoned
Recoupment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

6. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Marriage
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Self-incrimination

7. Models of sentencing
The place and its charecteristics
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

8. Evidentiary Standard
Intake
Social agent
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

9. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

10. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Substantive Rights
$200 billion
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Defense Attorney

11. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Restitution
90%
Forfeiture
Halfway House

12. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Sentence served simultaneously
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

13. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
New York (Auburn) System
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

14. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Fine
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Test for one's competents to stand trial

15. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The local police
Private attorneys

16. Right to be competent at trail

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17. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Total Instutution
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Probation

18. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Anger Managment
16
Sentence served simultaneously
Substantive Rights

19. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restorative Justice
18

20. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
nolle prosequi
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Social agent
Revocation

21. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Penitentiary House
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

22. Indeterminate Sentencing
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
$200 billion
Should treat people of different classes equitably

23. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Sentence served one after another
Community Service Restitution
The procedural criminal law

24. Competent Standard

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25. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Obstacle course
Summer
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

26. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

27. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Public Defender
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Test for one's competents to stand trial

28. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
The place and its charecteristics
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Intermediate Sanctions
Furlough

29. Statutory Jurisdiction
Maximum-Security
$200 billion
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

30. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Prison
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

31. What are characteristics of inmates
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Young - male - minority - poor
Sentence served one after another
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

32. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Fine
The U.S. Marshall
Forfeiture
Should treat people of different classes equitably

33. Right to public trial
Halfway House
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
New York (Auburn) System
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

34. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
7 Million Americans
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Halfway House
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

35. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Defense Attorney
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

36. Duties of probation officers
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Maximum-Security
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

37. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Enter a plea
About 10 felony arrests per month
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

38. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
18
House Arrest
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

39. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Anger Managment

40. Trial Process
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

41. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Shock Incarceration
Penitentiary House
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

42. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
nolle prosequi
Obstacle course
Sentence served one after another

43. Peremptory Challenge
Boot Camp
Minimum-Security Prison
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

44. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Self-defense and insanity
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defense Attorney

45. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Established customs and traditions
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

46. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The local police
Recoupment
Make-believe family
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

47. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Social agent
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Intake
Intermediate Sanctions

48. Right to counsel
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Grand Jury

49. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Should treat people of different classes equitably
New York (Auburn) System
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

50. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Diversion
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Assembly line