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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Self-incrimination
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

2. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

3. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Indigent Defendant
The FBI

4. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

5. Peremptory Challenge
18
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Community Service Restitution
Established customs and traditions

6. Right to speedy trial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Maximum-Security
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1.4 million

7. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Jail
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Obstacle course

8. Trial Process
7 Million Americans
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

9. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Total Instutution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

10. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
7 Million Americans
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Anger Managment

11. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Prison
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

12. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Marriage
Jail

13. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

14. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

15. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Sentence served simultaneously
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

16. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Highway Patrol
Restorative Justice
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

17. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Community Treatment
1.4 million
Fine

18. Mandatory Sentence
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

19. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The views of powerful elites in society
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Private attorneys

20. Right to compulsory process
Self-incrimination
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Restitution
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

21. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Social agent
Intake
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Grand Jury

22. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Minimum-Security Prison
Increasing
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Summer

23. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Property crimes
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

24. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Maximum-Security
7 Million Americans
Property crimes
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

25. Three Strikes Law
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Revocation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

26. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
A fixed term of incarceration

27. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
7 Million Americans
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
New York (Auburn) System

28. Determinate Sentencing
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Revocation
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
A fixed term of incarceration

29. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Indigent Defendant
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Jail

30. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Marriage

31. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Prison
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
House Arrest

32. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Parole
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Higher
Substantive Rights

33. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Intake
A fixed term of incarceration
The FBI

34. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
New York (Auburn) System
Substantive Rights
Shock Incarceration

35. Right to an impartial judge
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Day Fees

36. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Assembly line
Maximum-Security

37. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Probation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

38. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Minimum-Security Prison
House Arrest
Prison

39. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Intake
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

40. Capital Punishment
Society expects them to be criminals
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Boot Camp
Day Fees

41. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

42. Good time
90%
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

43. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
The place and its charecteristics
House Arrest
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Shock Probation

44. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Defense Attorney
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

45. Probation failure correlates to...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Self-incrimination
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
90%

46. The substantive criminal law...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

47. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Assembly line
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

48. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

49. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
18
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Private attorneys
Restorative Justice

50. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Higher
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal