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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
18
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
New York (Auburn) System
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

2. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Pennsylvania System
Diversion

3. Right to counsel
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

4. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Higher
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

5. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
18
Maximum-Security

6. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Substantive Rights
Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

7. Good time
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
90%
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

8. Peremptory Challenge
Minimum-Security Prison
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

9. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Penitentiary House
The U.S. Marshall
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

10. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Make-believe family
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
A fixed term of incarceration

11. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1.4 million
Indigent Defendant
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

12. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Young - male - minority - poor
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Anger Managment
Subpoena

13. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Went down steadily
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

14. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Restitution
The place and its charecteristics

15. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Trial by a judge without jury
Diversion
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

16. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
16

17. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
18
Assembly line
90%
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

18. Women Imprisoned
House Arrest
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

19. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Subpoena
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Society expects them to be criminals
18

20. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
nolle prosequi
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family

21. Bench Trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Trial by a judge without jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

22. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Obstacle course
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

23. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Should treat people of different classes equitably
16

24. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
nolle prosequi
Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

25. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Maximum-Security

26. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
The procedural criminal law
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restorative Justice

27. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Self-incrimination
Community Treatment

28. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
7 Million Americans
Grand Jury
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

29. Right to confront witnesses
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Day Fees
Enter a plea

30. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Anger Managment
Grand Jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

31. Problems of Parole
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Young - male - minority - poor
Anger Managment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

32. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The U.S. Marshall
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

33. Statutory Jurisdiction
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Self-defense and insanity

34. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

35. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Probation Rules
Increasing
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

36. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Probation
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Marriage
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

37. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
nolle prosequi
The procedural criminal law

38. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Self-defense and insanity
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Defense Attorney
Substantive Rights

39. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Diversion
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Sentence served simultaneously
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

40. Goals of Punishment
The place and its charecteristics
90%
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

41. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Indigent Defendant
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The FBI

42. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Shock Probation
About 10 felony arrests per month

43. Right to public trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

44. Determinate Sentencing
Property crimes
Day Fees
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
A fixed term of incarceration

45. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Minimum-Security Prison
Trial by a judge without jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably
$200 billion

46. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

47. Arguments for the Death Penalty
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

48. Right to be competent at trail
Society expects them to be criminals
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

49. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Revocation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

50. The substantive criminal law...
Self-defense and insanity
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Enter a plea
Community Service Restitution

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