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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Make-believe family
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Recoupment

2. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Substantive Rights

3. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Assembly line
Work Release

4. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Probation
nolle prosequi

5. Right to an impartial judge
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

6. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
A fixed term of incarceration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

7. What are characteristics of inmates
Maximum-Security
Young - male - minority - poor
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The place and its charecteristics

8. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Diversion
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

9. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Sentence served one after another
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

10. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

11. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Maximum-Security
Restorative Justice

12. Right to counsel
Sentence served simultaneously
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Day Fees

13. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Increasing
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

14. Models of sentencing
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Sentence served simultaneously
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The procedural criminal law

15. Peremptory Challenge
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Marriage

16. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Fine
Higher
The procedural criminal law
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

17. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Assembly line
Restorative Justice
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

18. Three Strikes Law
Boot Camp
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Private attorneys

19. Concurrent Jursidiction
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Furlough

20. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Self-incrimination
Were considered highly educated in their time period
New York (Auburn) System

21. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Shock Probation
Parole
Community Service Restitution

22. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Grand Jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

23. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
The FBI
7 Million Americans
Anger Managment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

24. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Prison
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Increasing

25. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
New York (Auburn) System
The place and its charecteristics

26. Motion for a direct verdict
7 Million Americans
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

27. Duties of probation officers
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Minimum-Security Prison
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

28. Women Imprisoned
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Penitentiary House
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

29. Miranda Rights...
Make-believe family
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Diversion
Boot Camp

30. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Sentence served one after another
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

31. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Community Service Restitution
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 10 felony arrests per month

32. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
1.4 million
The procedural criminal law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

33. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

34. Capital Punishment
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
90%
Maximum-Security

35. Probation failure correlates to...
Higher
Community Treatment
The FBI
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

36. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Shock Incarceration
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

37. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Recoupment
A fixed term of incarceration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Work Release

38. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Self-defense and insanity
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Subpoena

39. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Jail
Halfway House
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Make-believe family

40. Statutory Jurisdiction
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

41. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Went down steadily
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Self-incrimination

42. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Probation
Sentence served simultaneously
Private attorneys
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

43. Concurrent Sentence
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Sentence served simultaneously

44. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Self-defense and insanity
$200 billion

45. Jury Selection

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46. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
16
The U.S. Marshall
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

47. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
The place and its charecteristics
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

48. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Probation Rules
Enter a plea
Parole
Summer

49. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Furlough
Shock Probation
Shock Incarceration

50. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Sentence served simultaneously
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Increasing