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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

2. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Went down steadily
Community Service Restitution

3. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
New York (Auburn) System

4. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Pennsylvania System
Enter a plea
Make-believe family

5. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Maximum-Security
Pre-Sentence Investigation
16

6. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
7 Million Americans
Went down steadily
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Furlough

7. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Highway Patrol
Sentence served simultaneously
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

8. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Society expects them to be criminals
Sentence served one after another
Sentence served simultaneously

9. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Established customs and traditions
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

10. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

11. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Probation Rules
Summer
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

12. Capital Punishment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
$200 billion
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

13. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

14. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
House Arrest
Self-incrimination
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Restitution

15. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Parole
Shock Incarceration
The U.S. Marshall

16. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Community Treatment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The views of powerful elites in society

17. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Community Service Restitution
nolle prosequi
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The local police

18. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
90%

19. Competent Standard

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20. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Restitution
7 Million Americans

21. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Went down steadily
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

22. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Public Defender
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

23. What are characteristics of inmates
Shock Incarceration
Young - male - minority - poor
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Jail

24. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The local police
Property crimes
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

25. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Increasing
About 10 felony arrests per month

26. Determinate Sentencing
Indigent Defendant
A fixed term of incarceration
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Substantive Rights

27. Argument against the Death Penalty
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

28. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Property crimes
Established customs and traditions
Probation

29. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Grand Jury
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

30. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Fine
Jail
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

31. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

32. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Probation Rules

33. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
About 10 felony arrests per month
Parole
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

34. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
1.4 million
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The place and its charecteristics
Revocation

35. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Jail
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

36. Motion for a direct verdict
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

37. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Obstacle course
House Arrest
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

38. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
16
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The views of powerful elites in society

39. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Community Service Restitution
Went down steadily
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

40. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Society expects them to be criminals
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

41. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Boot Camp
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

42. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Sentence served one after another
Make-believe family
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

43. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Halfway House
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Work Release

44. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Established customs and traditions
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Diversion
The U.S. Marshall

45. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Summer
Defense Attorney
Private attorneys
Should treat people of different classes equitably

46. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Young - male - minority - poor
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The procedural criminal law
Grand Jury

47. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Probation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Highway Patrol

48. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
About 10 felony arrests per month
$200 billion
Were considered highly educated in their time period

49. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Society expects them to be criminals
Enter a plea
Social agent

50. Right to counsel
Pennsylvania System
Assembly line
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest