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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Trial by a judge without jury

2. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Prison

3. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Summer
Society expects them to be criminals
Restorative Justice
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

4. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Higher
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

5. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

6. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Established customs and traditions
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

7. Goals of Punishment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

8. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Diversion
Private attorneys
Minimum-Security Prison
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

9. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Established customs and traditions
Furlough
The local police

10. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Day Fees
The local police
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

11. Mandatory Sentence
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Restitution
Intake

12. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
The U.S. Marshall
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

13. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

14. Right to compulsory process
1.4 million
90%
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

15. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Obstacle course
Boot Camp
Diversion

16. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The U.S. Marshall
Higher
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

17. Motion for a direct verdict
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Increasing
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

18. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
18
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

19. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

20. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

21. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
About 10 felony arrests per month
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

22. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Anger Managment
1.4 million

23. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Public Defender
Shock Probation

24. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Recoupment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

25. Miranda Rights...
Penitentiary House
1.4 million
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Defense Attorney

26. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Make-believe family
Revocation
Diversion
Sentence served one after another

27. Peremptory Challenge
Penitentiary House
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The local police
Revocation

28. Concurrent Sentence
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Sentence served simultaneously
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Grand Jury

29. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The FBI
Shock Incarceration
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

30. Indeterminate Sentencing
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Forfeiture
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

31. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Shock Incarceration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Young - male - minority - poor

32. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The U.S. Marshall

33. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Indigent Defendant
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

34. Problem of Re-entry
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Were considered highly educated in their time period

35. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defense Attorney

36. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Probation
The place and its charecteristics
The FBI

37. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Total Instutution
New York (Auburn) System
Substantive Rights

38. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Self-defense and insanity

39. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The place and its charecteristics
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

40. Right to speedy trial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Boot Camp
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

41. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Make-believe family
Revocation
Super Maximum-Security Prison

42. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Established customs and traditions
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

43. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Highway Patrol
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

44. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
The procedural criminal law
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Defense Attorney
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

45. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Public Defender
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

46. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
18
Day Fees

47. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Private attorneys
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Went down steadily
Jail

48. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Day Fees
Parole
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

49. Right to an impartial jury
Established customs and traditions
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Total Instutution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

50. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Indigent Defendant
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

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Criminal Justice

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