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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Should treat people of different classes equitably
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

2. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Private attorneys
Probation Rules
Boot Camp

3. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
1.4 million
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial

4. Jury Selection

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5. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Enter a plea
Property crimes

6. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

7. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Community Service Restitution

8. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Shock Incarceration

9. Right to be competent at trail

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10. Duties of probation officers
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Intake
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Social agent

11. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

12. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

13. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Halfway House
Public Defender

14. Right to an impartial judge
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Society expects them to be criminals
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Sentence served one after another

15. Evidentiary Standard
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Self-incrimination
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

16. Capital Punishment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

17. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Property crimes
Furlough
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Work Release

18. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The U.S. Marshall
Parole
Highway Patrol

19. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Indigent Defendant
House Arrest
Defense Attorney
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

20. Challenged for cause
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

21. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Obstacle course
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Self-incrimination

22. Right to public trial
House Arrest
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Parole
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

23. Concurrent Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

24. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Prison

25. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Probation
Sentence served simultaneously
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

26. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Make-believe family
About 10 felony arrests per month
7 Million Americans
Intake

27. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Enter a plea
Property crimes

28. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

29. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Enter a plea
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

30. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
A fixed term of incarceration
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young - male - minority - poor
Penitentiary House

31. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
$200 billion
Summer
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

32. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Shock Incarceration
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Minimum-Security Prison
Grand Jury

33. The substantive criminal law...
Established customs and traditions
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Highway Patrol
Young - male - minority - poor

34. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
7 Million Americans
A fixed term of incarceration
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

35. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Defense Attorney
Parole
Restitution

36. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Subpoena
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Anger Managment

37. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Summer
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Marriage

38. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

39. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Shock Probation
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Indigent Defendant

40. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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41. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
$200 billion
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

42. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The place and its charecteristics
Diversion

43. Right to an impartial jury
1.4 million
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Defense Attorney
The local police

44. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Community Service Restitution
Prison

45. What is Duress?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Grand Jury
A fixed term of incarceration

46. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
7 Million Americans
1.4 million
Assembly line
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

47. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
The procedural criminal law
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1.4 million

48. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The place and its charecteristics

49. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Self-defense and insanity
nolle prosequi
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

50. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Shock Probation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

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Criminal Justice

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