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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Concurrent Sentence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Sentence served simultaneously

2. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
90%

3. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Enter a plea
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The FBI

4. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Established customs and traditions
Obstacle course
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
About 10 felony arrests per month

5. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Probation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Community Treatment

6. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Property crimes
Boot Camp

7. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Enter a plea
1.4 million
90%
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

8. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Marriage
Work Release
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

9. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

10. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral

11. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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12. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1.4 million

13. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Grand Jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Forfeiture
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

14. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Substantive Rights
Furlough
Should treat people of different classes equitably

15. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Trial by a judge without jury
Recoupment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

16. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Intermediate Sanctions
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

17. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Work Release
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Were considered highly educated in their time period

18. Jury Selection

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19. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Revocation
Should treat people of different classes equitably

20. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Sentence served one after another

21. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Self-defense and insanity
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Forfeiture
Shock Incarceration

22. What is General Deterrence?
Jail
Intermediate Sanctions
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

23. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

24. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Self-defense and insanity
Intermediate Sanctions
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

25. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Sentence served one after another
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

26. Problems of Parole
Diversion
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Society expects them to be criminals

27. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Established customs and traditions
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

28. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Parole
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Penitentiary House
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

29. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Probation Rules
Were considered highly educated in their time period
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
7 Million Americans

30. Right to confront witnesses
House Arrest
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Prison

31. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
House Arrest
Restitution
Diversion

32. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Public Defender
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Furlough

33. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Summer
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

34. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Jail
Highway Patrol
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

35. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
7 Million Americans
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

36. Women Imprisoned
90%
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The procedural criminal law

37. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Higher
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Went down steadily
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

38. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Fine
The local police
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The FBI

39. What is Duress?
Forfeiture
Probation Rules
The place and its charecteristics
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

40. Duties of probation officers
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Furlough
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

41. Concurrent Jursidiction
Shock Incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
House Arrest

42. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
Should treat people of different classes equitably
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

43. Probation failure correlates to...
Self-defense and insanity
Subpoena
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Higher

44. Right to public trial
1.4 million
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
18
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

45. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
90%
Restitution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

46. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Defense Attorney
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Community Service Restitution

47. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Total Instutution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

48. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Recoupment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

49. Peremptory Challenge
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Defense Attorney

50. Argument against the Death Penalty
Fine
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic