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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Public Defender
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

2. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Community Service Restitution
Obstacle course
Highway Patrol

3. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Higher
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Indigent Defendant
Shock Incarceration

4. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Public Defender

5. Miranda Rights...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

6. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Forfeiture
Day Fees
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Went down steadily

7. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Public Defender
Summer
Jail
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

8. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
$200 billion
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

9. Duties of probation officers
Anger Managment
Probation Rules
Forfeiture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

10. Concurrent Sentence
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

11. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

12. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The U.S. Marshall
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The FBI

13. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Intermediate Sanctions

14. Right to an impartial jury
Prison
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

15. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Defense Attorney
About 10 felony arrests per month
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

16. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The local police
16

17. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
New York (Auburn) System
90%
Highway Patrol

18. The substantive criminal law...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Intermediate Sanctions
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Halfway House

19. Capital Punishment
Society expects them to be criminals
Self-defense and insanity
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

20. Three Strikes Law
$200 billion
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

21. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Subpoena
The local police
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Were considered highly educated in their time period

22. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
$200 billion
Total Instutution
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

23. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Revocation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Total Instutution

24. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Jail
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

25. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Self-incrimination
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

26. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

27. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
About 10 felony arrests per month
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Pennsylvania System

28. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Grand Jury
Indigent Defendant
Prison
Boot Camp

29. Peremptory Challenge
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Community Service Restitution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Total Instutution

30. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
The views of powerful elites in society
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
18

31. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

32. What is Duress?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Property crimes
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

33. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Grand Jury
Probation
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

34. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Public Defender
Fine
Intake

35. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Indigent Defendant
7 Million Americans
Shock Probation
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

36. Trial Process
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Make-believe family
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Pennsylvania System

37. Alternative Correctional Institution
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Society expects them to be criminals
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

38. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Highway Patrol
1.4 million
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

39. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Halfway House
Penitentiary House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

40. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Prison
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
18

41. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Shock Incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

42. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
18
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Pennsylvania System
Went down steadily

43. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

44. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Forfeiture
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

45. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Restorative Justice
18

46. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Furlough
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Day Fees

47. Jury Selection

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48. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
The place and its charecteristics
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Private attorneys
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

49. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Went down steadily
Revocation
Society expects them to be criminals

50. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Increasing

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Criminal Justice

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