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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Marriage
Probation Rules
Community Service Restitution

2. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Jail
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Public Defender

3. Argument against the Death Penalty
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The place and its charecteristics
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

4. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Maximum-Security
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Were considered highly educated in their time period

5. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Minimum-Security Prison
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

6. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

7. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Work Release
Make-believe family
Penitentiary House

8. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Super Maximum-Security Prison

9. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

10. Right to an impartial jury
16
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Fine
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

11. Delinquents
Marriage
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

12. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Revocation
Established customs and traditions

13. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
18
Intermediate Sanctions
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

14. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Higher
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restorative Justice
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

15. Right to be competent at trail

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16. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Grand Jury
Highway Patrol
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
$200 billion

17. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Community Treatment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

18. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Private attorneys
Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

19. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

20. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Total Instutution
Fine
Higher

21. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Higher
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

22. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
New York (Auburn) System
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

23. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The local police
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The U.S. Marshall
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

24. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
nolle prosequi
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

25. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
The views of powerful elites in society
Restitution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
nolle prosequi

26. Capital Punishment
Pennsylvania System
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Highway Patrol
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

27. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Increasing
Super Maximum-Security Prison

28. Right to speedy trial
Community Treatment
90%
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
New York (Auburn) System

29. Miranda Rights...
Self-incrimination
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

30. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Parole
Defense Attorney
Make-believe family
Young - male - minority - poor

31. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Minimum-Security Prison
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

32. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
18
Defense Attorney
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

33. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Revocation

34. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Restorative Justice
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Day Fees

35. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Community Treatment
Shock Incarceration

36. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Young - male - minority - poor
Halfway House
Intermediate Sanctions
Were considered highly educated in their time period

37. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Test for one's competents to stand trial

38. Consecutive sentence
Increasing
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Sentence served one after another
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

39. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Substantive Rights
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
$200 billion

40. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
16
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Pre-Sentence Investigation

41. Concurrent Sentence
Pre-Sentence Investigation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Sentence served simultaneously
Self-defense and insanity

42. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
House Arrest
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

43. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Subpoena
Enter a plea

44. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Public Defender
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Diversion
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

45. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Super Maximum-Security Prison
7 Million Americans

46. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Fine
Private attorneys
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

47. Probation failure correlates to...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Probation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

48. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Increasing
Were considered highly educated in their time period

49. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
$200 billion
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Furlough

50. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Recoupment
Self-incrimination
Shock Probation
Obstacle course

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