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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Make-believe family
Fine
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Probation Rules

2. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Subpoena
Indigent Defendant
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

3. Bench Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Trial by a judge without jury
16
The local police

4. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Summer

5. Judicial Waiver
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The local police
Fine
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

6. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Shock Incarceration
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Make-believe family

7. Delinquents
Private attorneys
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

8. Three Strikes Law
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Parole
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Private attorneys

9. Competent Standard

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10. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
7 Million Americans
Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

11. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Property crimes
The procedural criminal law
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

12. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Make-believe family
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Fine

13. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Marriage
Established customs and traditions
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

14. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Sentence served one after another
Defense Attorney
Self-defense and insanity

15. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Increasing
The local police

16. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Forfeiture

17. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Maximum-Security
90%
7 Million Americans

18. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

19. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
The FBI
Revocation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Community Service Restitution

20. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Prison
Revocation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Test for one's competents to stand trial

21. What are characteristics of inmates
Self-defense and insanity
Private attorneys
Young - male - minority - poor
Day Fees

22. What is General Deterrence?
Defense Attorney
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Restorative Justice

23. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Incarceration
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

24. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Community Service Restitution
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

25. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Make-believe family
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Private attorneys
Community Treatment

26. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Self-incrimination
nolle prosequi

27. Problems of Parole
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Property crimes

28. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Grand Jury
New York (Auburn) System
Marriage

29. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Property crimes
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

30. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Highway Patrol

31. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Should treat people of different classes equitably

32. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Social agent
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Summer

33. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Forfeiture
Assembly line
$200 billion
The views of powerful elites in society

34. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Total Instutution
Diversion
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
nolle prosequi

35. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Higher
Enter a plea
Furlough
Obstacle course

36. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Established customs and traditions
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

37. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
House Arrest
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Established customs and traditions

38. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Anger Managment

39. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Prison
Shock Incarceration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

40. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Private attorneys
Make-believe family
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

41. Goals of Punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
New York (Auburn) System
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Restitution

42. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The FBI
House Arrest
Revocation

43. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Parole
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

44. Right to speedy trial
Total Instutution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Increasing
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

45. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Enter a plea
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

46. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Enter a plea
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

47. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
The local police
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Obstacle course

48. Motion for a direct verdict
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Anger Managment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

49. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The views of powerful elites in society

50. What is Duress?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Should treat people of different classes equitably
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial