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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1.4 million
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Make-believe family

2. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

3. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Established customs and traditions
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Recoupment

4. Problem of Re-entry
The procedural criminal law
Pennsylvania System
Probation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

5. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Probation Rules
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

6. Competent Standard

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7. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The local police
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

8. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Make-believe family
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

9. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Indigent Defendant

10. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Diversion
Intermediate Sanctions
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

11. Right to counsel
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Private attorneys
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

12. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Total Instutution
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

13. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Restorative Justice
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Defense Attorney
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

14. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Probation Rules

15. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Intake
Fine
Defense Attorney

16. Verdict
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
A fixed term of incarceration
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

17. Miranda Rights...
Recoupment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Fine
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

18. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Anger Managment
Obstacle course
18
Substantive Rights

19. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Parole
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Halfway House

20. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The U.S. Marshall
$200 billion
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

21. Concurrent Jursidiction
Revocation
Substantive Rights
Diversion
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

22. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Marriage
Went down steadily
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

23. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Anger Managment
Established customs and traditions
16

24. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Indigent Defendant
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The local police
Parole

25. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Revocation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

26. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
18
Probation

27. Consecutive sentence
Probation
Sentence served one after another
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Diversion

28. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
House Arrest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

29. The sentence
Restorative Justice
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

30. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
7 Million Americans
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

31. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Total Instutution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Highway Patrol
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

32. Argument against the Death Penalty
Diversion
Furlough
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Social agent

33. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Obstacle course
Revocation

34. Goals of Punishment
Shock Incarceration
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

35. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Private attorneys

36. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Revocation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Restitution
About 10 felony arrests per month

37. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Recoupment
16
Community Treatment

38. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Higher
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

39. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The U.S. Marshall

40. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
7 Million Americans
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

41. Mandatory Sentence
The local police
Trial by a judge without jury
Society expects them to be criminals
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

42. Capital Punishment
Day Fees
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Higher

43. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

44. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
nolle prosequi
Pennsylvania System
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

45. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Public Defender
Probation Rules
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

46. Status Offenders
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Shock Incarceration

47. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Assembly line

48. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Higher
Sentence served simultaneously

49. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Total Instutution

50. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Higher