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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The U.S. Marshall
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Prison

2. Right to confront witnesses
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The views of powerful elites in society

3. Motion for a direct verdict
1.4 million
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
18
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

4. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Shock Incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

5. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Went down steadily
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

6. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The views of powerful elites in society
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

7. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Probation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Intake
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

8. Goals of Punishment
Sentence served one after another
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Community Treatment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

9. Challenged for cause
Pre-Sentence Investigation
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Assembly line

10. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Community Treatment
The U.S. Marshall
Make-believe family

11. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Summer
A crime that is considered especially immoral

12. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Work Release
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

13. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
18

14. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Forfeiture
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

15. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Marriage
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Social agent

16. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Community Service Restitution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

17. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Restorative Justice
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Halfway House
Probation Rules

18. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
The views of powerful elites in society
Revocation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

19. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Total Instutution
Make-believe family
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Recoupment

20. Determinate Sentencing
Defense Attorney
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
A fixed term of incarceration

21. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Anger Managment
18
Private attorneys

22. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Sentence served one after another
Total Instutution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

23. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Community Service Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
7 Million Americans
Went down steadily

24. Concurrent Sentence
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Sentence served simultaneously
Young - male - minority - poor

25. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
The FBI
House Arrest
Were considered highly educated in their time period

26. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Day Fees
Grand Jury

27. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Subpoena
Social agent

28. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Subpoena
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The local police

29. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Subpoena
Maximum-Security
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

30. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Furlough
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Total Instutution

31. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Sentence served one after another
Substantive Rights
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

32. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Diversion
Higher
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Restitution

33. Right to an impartial jury
Jail
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Self-incrimination

34. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Restorative Justice
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

35. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Obstacle course
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Total Instutution
Jail

36. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Summer
Increasing
House Arrest

37. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The procedural criminal law
Highway Patrol
Marriage

38. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Self-defense and insanity
Intake
Self-incrimination

39. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Private attorneys
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

40. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

41. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Intermediate Sanctions
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Summer
Forfeiture

42. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Highway Patrol
Trial by a judge without jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

43. Bench Trial
The U.S. Marshall
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Trial by a judge without jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

44. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Substantive Rights
Anger Managment

45. Capital Punishment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Penitentiary House
90%
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

46. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Indigent Defendant
Parole
Marriage

47. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
18
Probation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

48. Good time
Restitution
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

49. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Community Treatment
New York (Auburn) System

50. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Prison