Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
90%
Society expects them to be criminals
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

2. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Fine
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Recoupment
Maximum-Security

3. Judicial Waiver
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Went down steadily
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

4. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The procedural criminal law
Subpoena
Diversion

5. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Intake
7 Million Americans
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

6. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Sentence served simultaneously
Community Service Restitution
Jail
Established customs and traditions

7. Delinquents
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Highway Patrol
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

8. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
The views of powerful elites in society
Grand Jury
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Enter a plea

9. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Forfeiture
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

10. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

11. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Boot Camp
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
16

12. What is Duress?
Higher
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

13. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Society expects them to be criminals
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
16

14. Arguments for the Death Penalty

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

15. Problem of Re-entry
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

16. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
House Arrest
The views of powerful elites in society
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

17. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Super Maximum-Security Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

18. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Furlough
1.4 million

19. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Diversion
Revocation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Public Defender

20. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Shock Probation
Social agent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
New York (Auburn) System

21. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Enter a plea
The U.S. Marshall
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Public Defender

22. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Self-incrimination
Probation Rules
The place and its charecteristics
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

23. Alternative Correctional Institution
Indigent Defendant
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The local police

24. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Penitentiary House
Parole

25. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Highway Patrol
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

26. Models of sentencing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

27. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Total Instutution

28. Evidentiary Standard
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

29. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
New York (Auburn) System
Anger Managment
Fine

30. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Indigent Defendant
Diversion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

31. Concurrent Jursidiction
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Super Maximum-Security Prison

32. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Total Instutution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

33. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
1.4 million
A fixed term of incarceration
Test for one's competents to stand trial

34. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

35. Good time
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Public Defender
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

36. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Defense Attorney
Prison
Fine
Self-defense and insanity

37. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Substantive Rights
Defense Attorney
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

38. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Day Fees
Restorative Justice

39. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The place and its charecteristics
Parole

40. Truth in Sentencing
Total Instutution
Defense Attorney
Self-defense and insanity
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

41. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Community Service Restitution
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Pre-Sentence Investigation

42. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Prison
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
$200 billion

43. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Community Service Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Jail

44. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Recoupment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

45. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Day Fees
Community Service Restitution

46. Trial Process
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Furlough
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Test for one's competents to stand trial

47. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Boot Camp

48. Goals of Punishment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Prison
The procedural criminal law

49. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Forfeiture
Shock Incarceration
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

50. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Shock Incarceration
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The FBI
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community