Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Defense Attorney
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

2. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Pennsylvania System
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

3. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Highway Patrol
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The procedural criminal law

4. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Increasing
$200 billion
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Maximum-Security

5. Models of sentencing
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Shock Incarceration

6. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Established customs and traditions
Society expects them to be criminals

7. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The U.S. Marshall

8. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Trial by a judge without jury
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Anger Managment

9. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The procedural criminal law
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

10. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The U.S. Marshall

11. Right to be competent at trail

12. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
New York (Auburn) System
Parole
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

13. Right to compulsory process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Halfway House
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

14. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

15. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Halfway House
Social agent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

16. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Indigent Defendant
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Forfeiture

17. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Halfway House
Boot Camp

18. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Forfeiture
Total Instutution

19. What are characteristics of inmates
Work Release
18
Young - male - minority - poor
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

20. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
nolle prosequi
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

21. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Shock Probation
Pre-Sentence Investigation

22. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Self-defense and insanity
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Private attorneys
Young - male - minority - poor

23. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Defense Attorney
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
18
A crime that is considered especially immoral

24. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Shock Probation
Pennsylvania System
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

25. Right to counsel
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
90%
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Diversion

26. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Probation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

27. Arguments for the Death Penalty

28. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Self-incrimination

29. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

30. Motion for a direct verdict
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The views of powerful elites in society
nolle prosequi

31. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The place and its charecteristics

32. Competent Standard

33. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

34. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation Rules

35. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

36. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Assembly line
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Diversion
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

37. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Shock Probation
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

38. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The place and its charecteristics

39. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Property crimes
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

40. Good time
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Subpoena
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

41. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
7 Million Americans
The local police
Social agent

42. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

43. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Anger Managment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

44. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

45. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Furlough
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

46. Mandatory Sentence
Grand Jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The local police
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

47. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Summer

48. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The U.S. Marshall

49. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Intake
Fine
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

50. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Property crimes
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
A fixed term of incarceration