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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
nolle prosequi
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
$200 billion
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

2. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Maximum-Security
Assembly line
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

3. Challenged for cause
Restitution
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The U.S. Marshall
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

4. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Marriage
The U.S. Marshall
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Jail

5. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Sentence served simultaneously
New York (Auburn) System
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

6. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Pennsylvania System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

7. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Anger Managment
Subpoena
7 Million Americans
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

8. Right to confront witnesses
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Intermediate Sanctions
Private attorneys

9. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Shock Probation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

10. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

11. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Public Defender
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

12. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Anger Managment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

13. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Sentence served simultaneously

14. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Community Treatment

15. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
House Arrest
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Minimum-Security Prison

16. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Pennsylvania System
Young - male - minority - poor
Parole
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

17. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The U.S. Marshall
Halfway House
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

18. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Sentence served simultaneously
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Obstacle course
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

19. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Revocation
Marriage
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
7 Million Americans

20. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Society expects them to be criminals
90%
Super Maximum-Security Prison

21. Good time
Summer
The U.S. Marshall
16
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

22. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The FBI

23. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Social agent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Sentence served simultaneously
Enter a plea

24. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

25. Goals of Punishment
Assembly line
Substantive Rights
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Anger Managment

26. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The views of powerful elites in society
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

27. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Community Treatment
Revocation
Highway Patrol

28. Truth in Sentencing
Self-defense and insanity
New York (Auburn) System
Day Fees
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

29. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Intake
Intermediate Sanctions
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

30. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
$200 billion
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Property crimes
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

31. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Private attorneys
Minimum-Security Prison

32. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

33. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Total Instutution
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Restitution

34. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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35. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
House Arrest
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The local police

36. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Self-incrimination
The procedural criminal law

37. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Society expects them to be criminals
Penitentiary House
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

38. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Work Release
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

39. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The U.S. Marshall
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

40. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Sentence served simultaneously
Probation Rules
Intermediate Sanctions

41. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Sentence served one after another
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Make-believe family

42. Judicial Waiver
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

43. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The views of powerful elites in society
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

44. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Intake
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Society expects them to be criminals

45. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Indigent Defendant

46. Right to counsel
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Sentence served one after another
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

47. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Diversion
Penitentiary House
Grand Jury

48. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
nolle prosequi
Went down steadily
A crime that is considered especially immoral
$200 billion

49. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Pennsylvania System

50. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

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