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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Intermediate Sanctions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Make-believe family
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

2. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

3. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

4. Evidentiary Standard
Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Higher

5. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Property crimes

6. Capital Punishment
Parole
Prison
Social agent
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

7. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Pennsylvania System
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

8. Determinate Sentencing
90%
A fixed term of incarceration
Self-incrimination
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

9. Jury Selection

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10. Challenged for cause
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Furlough
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

11. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Revocation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

12. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Revocation
Established customs and traditions
Young - male - minority - poor
Shock Probation

13. Right to public trial
Forfeiture
Property crimes
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

14. Alternative Correctional Institution
Diversion
Restitution
Subpoena
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

15. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
A fixed term of incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

16. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Trial by a judge without jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Shock Incarceration

17. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

18. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Community Service Restitution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Sentence served simultaneously
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

19. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Shock Probation
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Intermediate Sanctions
Society expects them to be criminals

20. Competent Standard

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21. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Social agent
Society expects them to be criminals
Furlough

22. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Penitentiary House
Self-incrimination
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

23. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Parole
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

24. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Private attorneys
Restitution
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Should treat people of different classes equitably

25. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Summer
Halfway House
Jail

26. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Anger Managment
Pennsylvania System
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

27. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
$200 billion
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Trial by a judge without jury

28. Goals of Punishment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Probation Rules

29. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Enter a plea
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Private attorneys

30. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
House Arrest
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Indigent Defendant

31. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Self-defense and insanity
The place and its charecteristics
Established customs and traditions
Restorative Justice

32. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Diversion
Probation Rules
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

33. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Marriage
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

34. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
16
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

35. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
16
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

36. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Assembly line
Pre-Sentence Investigation

37. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Penitentiary House
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

38. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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39. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Minimum-Security Prison
Recoupment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

40. Models of sentencing
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

41. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Parole
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Work Release

42. Motion for a direct verdict
The place and its charecteristics
Self-defense and insanity
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Furlough

43. Right to be competent at trail

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44. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Were considered highly educated in their time period

45. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Public Defender

46. Women Imprisoned
Sentence served one after another
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

47. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

48. The substantive criminal law...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

49. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Recoupment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

50. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Substantive Rights

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