Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The U.S. Marshall
nolle prosequi
Halfway House

2. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Restitution
Went down steadily

3. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

4. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The U.S. Marshall
Work Release
Revocation

5. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Day Fees
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

6. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Work Release
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Intermediate Sanctions
Higher

7. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Self-incrimination
Increasing

8. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

9. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Went down steadily
Higher

10. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Restorative Justice
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Furlough
Recoupment

11. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Obstacle course
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Social agent

12. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
House Arrest

13. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Anger Managment
Obstacle course

14. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

15. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Were considered highly educated in their time period
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

16. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Social agent

17. Right to an impartial judge
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

18. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Maximum-Security
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Young - male - minority - poor
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

19. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

20. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Community Service Restitution
Fine
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

21. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
New York (Auburn) System
A fixed term of incarceration
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
A crime that is considered especially immoral

22. The sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

23. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Make-believe family
Forfeiture

24. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Social agent
Defense Attorney

25. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
nolle prosequi
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Pennsylvania System

26. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Sentence served one after another
Public Defender
Went down steadily
Boot Camp

27. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Self-incrimination
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

28. Right to public trial
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Probation Rules
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

29. Right to be competent at trail

30. Concurrent Sentence
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Higher
Property crimes
Sentence served simultaneously

31. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Furlough
Private attorneys
Day Fees

32. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Maximum-Security
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Higher
The local police

33. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Higher
Trial by a judge without jury
Forfeiture

34. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

35. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
New York (Auburn) System
Probation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Grand Jury

36. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Assembly line
Restorative Justice
Forfeiture

37. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

38. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Property crimes
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Furlough

39. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Pennsylvania System
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Higher
18

40. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Penitentiary House
Higher
Halfway House

41. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Diversion
The views of powerful elites in society
Grand Jury

42. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

43. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
House Arrest
Probation Rules
Highway Patrol

44. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
18
7 Million Americans
The views of powerful elites in society
Social agent

45. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established customs and traditions

46. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Total Instutution
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Self-defense and insanity

47. Truth in Sentencing
Diversion
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

48. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

49. Goals of Punishment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Revocation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

50. Mandatory Sentence
Diversion
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Restorative Justice