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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
7 Million Americans
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Went down steadily
Diversion

2. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
The U.S. Marshall
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

3. Concurrent Sentence
90%
Sentence served simultaneously
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

4. What is General Deterrence?
Probation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

5. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Day Fees
House Arrest
Community Treatment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

6. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Social agent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

7. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

8. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Young - male - minority - poor
Diversion

9. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Community Treatment
Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

10. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Furlough
Prison
Highway Patrol

11. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
House Arrest
The procedural criminal law
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Shock Incarceration

12. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Self-incrimination

13. Goals of Punishment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

14. Indeterminate Sentencing
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
House Arrest
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

15. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Property crimes
House Arrest
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

16. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Penitentiary House

17. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Anger Managment
Furlough
Penitentiary House
The U.S. Marshall

18. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Make-believe family
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

19. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
1.4 million
The U.S. Marshall
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Were considered highly educated in their time period

20. Alternative Correctional Institution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Grand Jury
Went down steadily

21. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Went down steadily
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

22. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
New York (Auburn) System

23. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
The FBI
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

24. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Sentence served one after another
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

25. Delinquents
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

26. Statutory Jurisdiction
A crime that is considered especially immoral
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Obstacle course
Indigent Defendant

27. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Trial by a judge without jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Anger Managment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

28. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

29. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
$200 billion
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Social agent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

30. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Were considered highly educated in their time period
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
90%

31. Probation failure correlates to...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Substantive Rights

32. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Social agent
Indigent Defendant
Day Fees
Community Treatment

33. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Community Service Restitution
$200 billion
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

34. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Furlough

35. Right to public trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Summer
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

36. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Penitentiary House
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Restitution

37. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The place and its charecteristics
Trial by a judge without jury
Restorative Justice

38. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The place and its charecteristics
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

39. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Total Instutution
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Increasing
Intermediate Sanctions

40. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family
$200 billion
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

41. Judicial Waiver
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Forfeiture
Jail

42. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Maximum-Security
Minimum-Security Prison
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

43. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served simultaneously
Minimum-Security Prison

44. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Sentence served one after another
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

45. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

46. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Property crimes
Recoupment
Were considered highly educated in their time period

47. What is Duress?
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

48. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Work Release
1.4 million

49. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
The place and its charecteristics
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Subpoena

50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
About 10 felony arrests per month
Day Fees