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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Day Fees
Society expects them to be criminals

2. Models of sentencing
Maximum-Security
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

3. Problems of Parole
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Intake
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

4. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Self-incrimination
Revocation
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Super Maximum-Security Prison

5. Delinquents
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

6. Jury Selection

7. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Restitution

8. What is General Deterrence?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Work Release
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Minimum-Security Prison

9. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Restitution
Pennsylvania System
Diversion
Defense Attorney

10. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Private attorneys
Subpoena

11. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
nolle prosequi
Assembly line
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

12. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Indigent Defendant
Obstacle course

13. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Diversion
Shock Probation
Anger Managment

14. Concurrent Sentence
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Sentence served simultaneously
Day Fees

15. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
The FBI
Higher
Indigent Defendant

16. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

17. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

18. Women Imprisoned
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Total Instutution
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

19. Arguments for the Death Penalty

20. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Defense Attorney
Jail
Penitentiary House

21. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Property crimes
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Halfway House

22. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Shock Probation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

23. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The procedural criminal law
Increasing
Were considered highly educated in their time period

24. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

25. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Jail

26. Capital Punishment
Higher
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

27. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
$200 billion
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

28. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Forfeiture
Intermediate Sanctions
Highway Patrol
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

29. What is Duress?
Revocation
Jail
Pennsylvania System
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

30. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
About 10 felony arrests per month
Diversion
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

31. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
The U.S. Marshall
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

32. Right to an impartial judge
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

33. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

34. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Probation Rules
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

35. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Total Instutution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Make-believe family
Minimum-Security Prison

36. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
$200 billion
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

37. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Probation Rules
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Substantive Rights
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

38. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1.4 million

39. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Boot Camp

40. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Public Defender
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Parole

41. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Probation Rules
Self-incrimination
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

42. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Indigent Defendant
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
A fixed term of incarceration

43. Right to be competent at trail

44. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Parole

45. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Total Instutution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Make-believe family
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

46. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Boot Camp
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Self-incrimination

47. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Obstacle course
Probation Rules

48. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
$200 billion
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Social agent

49. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Intermediate Sanctions

50. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
90%
Were considered highly educated in their time period
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court