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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Probation Rules
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Minimum-Security Prison
Subpoena

2. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Summer
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
A crime that is considered especially immoral

3. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Fine
The views of powerful elites in society
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Restorative Justice

4. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Substantive Rights

5. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Shock Probation
Recoupment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Shock Incarceration

6. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Total Instutution
Parole
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

7. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

8. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Went down steadily
Make-believe family
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

9. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
90%
The FBI

10. Challenged for cause
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Established customs and traditions
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

11. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Obstacle course
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Shock Incarceration

12. Problem of Re-entry
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Minimum-Security Prison
Marriage
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

13. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
About 10 felony arrests per month
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The views of powerful elites in society
Shock Incarceration

14. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Community Service Restitution

15. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Total Instutution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

16. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Community Service Restitution
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The U.S. Marshall
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

17. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Obstacle course
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

18. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
A fixed term of incarceration
7 Million Americans
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Parole

19. Women Imprisoned
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

20. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
nolle prosequi
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The procedural criminal law

21. Competent Standard

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22. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Highway Patrol

23. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The local police
Make-believe family
Community Service Restitution

24. Right to an impartial jury
Grand Jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Went down steadily

25. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

26. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Pennsylvania System
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

27. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Community Treatment
Indigent Defendant
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

28. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Prison
Community Treatment
Probation Rules
Penitentiary House

29. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Restorative Justice

30. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

31. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Self-defense and insanity
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The place and its charecteristics

32. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Established customs and traditions
Self-incrimination
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Prison

33. Models of sentencing
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Enter a plea

34. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

35. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

36. Mandatory Sentence
Social agent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

37. What are characteristics of inmates
Recoupment
Young - male - minority - poor
Sentence served simultaneously
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

38. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
About 10 felony arrests per month
Revocation
The local police

39. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Shock Incarceration
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

40. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

41. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Parole
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

42. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Defense Attorney
New York (Auburn) System

43. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Penitentiary House
Day Fees
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

44. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

45. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Anger Managment
Probation Rules
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

46. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Anger Managment
About 10 felony arrests per month

47. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Society expects them to be criminals
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

48. Evidentiary Standard
18
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Forfeiture
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

49. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Substantive Rights

50. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Social agent
Sentence served one after another