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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

2. Capital Punishment
Defense Attorney
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

3. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Revocation
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Probation Rules

4. Argument against the Death Penalty
Marriage
1.4 million
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

5. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Restorative Justice
Prison
Young - male - minority - poor

6. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

7. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Summer
Public Defender
Prison
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

8. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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9. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Community Service Restitution
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Fine

10. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Probation Rules
Diversion
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
18

11. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Higher
$200 billion
Pennsylvania System
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

12. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

13. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Recoupment
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

14. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Penitentiary House
Went down steadily
Halfway House
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

15. Right to an impartial jury
Revocation
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Private attorneys

16. Problem of Re-entry
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

17. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Self-defense and insanity
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

18. Motion for a direct verdict
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
90%
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

19. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Indigent Defendant
$200 billion
Restitution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

20. Delinquents
Probation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

21. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Fine

22. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Minimum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Were considered highly educated in their time period

23. Right to an impartial judge
Pennsylvania System
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Enter a plea
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

24. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Obstacle course
Private attorneys
Higher

25. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Grand Jury
Boot Camp
Summer
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

26. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Prison
nolle prosequi
Social agent
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

27. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Recoupment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

28. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Sentence served simultaneously
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

29. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Highway Patrol
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Summer

30. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

31. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Summer
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Diversion

32. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Intermediate Sanctions
Furlough
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

33. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Young - male - minority - poor
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Fine

34. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Subpoena
Community Service Restitution
Recoupment

35. Evidentiary Standard
Penitentiary House
Pennsylvania System
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

36. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Day Fees
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

37. Right to be competent at trail

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38. Right to speedy trial
Furlough
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Anger Managment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

39. What are characteristics of inmates
Self-defense and insanity
Forfeiture
Total Instutution
Young - male - minority - poor

40. Three Strikes Law
Pennsylvania System
Higher
House Arrest
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

41. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
90%
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

42. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Intermediate Sanctions
18
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

43. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Enter a plea
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Indigent Defendant
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

44. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Diversion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Society expects them to be criminals

45. Determinate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
A fixed term of incarceration

46. Jury Selection

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47. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Subpoena
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

48. What is General Deterrence?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

49. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Shock Probation
Young - male - minority - poor
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

50. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Subpoena
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors