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Test your basic knowledge |
Criminal Justice
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
law
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Forfeiture
Intake
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
2. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Sentence served one after another
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
3. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Parole
The place and its charecteristics
New York (Auburn) System
4. Evidentiary Standard
Substantive Rights
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The FBI
5. Motion for a direct verdict
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Summer
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
6. Concurrent Jursidiction
Fine
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
7. Challenged for cause
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Furlough
8. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
$200 billion
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Society expects them to be criminals
Established customs and traditions
9. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Higher
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
10. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Make-believe family
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
11. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Anger Managment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Higher
nolle prosequi
12. Consecutive sentence
Public Defender
Sentence served one after another
18
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
13. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Increasing
$200 billion
Furlough
Sentence served one after another
14. Determinate Sentencing
1.4 million
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Community Service Restitution
A fixed term of incarceration
15. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Highway Patrol
Probation Rules
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
16. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Parole
Day Fees
Probation
Fine
17. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Furlough
Assembly line
Parole
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
18. What is General Deterrence?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Restorative Justice
Parole
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
19. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Revocation
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
20. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Higher
Grand Jury
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Forfeiture
21. Models of sentencing
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
22. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Social agent
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
23. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Pre-Sentence Investigation
About 10 felony arrests per month
Fine
Probation Rules
24. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Fine
Summer
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Went down steadily
25. Right to public trial
Anger Managment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Obstacle course
Minimum-Security Prison
26. Capital Punishment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Marriage
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
27. Alternative Correctional Institution
Obstacle course
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Diversion
28. The substantive criminal law...
Make-believe family
The procedural criminal law
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
29. Right to compulsory process
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Revocation
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
30. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Prison
Diversion
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Total Instutution
31. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
House Arrest
Intermediate Sanctions
Summer
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
32. Right to be competent at trail
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33. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
16
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Forfeiture
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
34. Right to an impartial judge
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Halfway House
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Young - male - minority - poor
35. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Boot Camp
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Community Service Restitution
36. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
37. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Probation Rules
Maximum-Security
Self-incrimination
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
38. Judicial Waiver
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Jail
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Higher
39. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The procedural criminal law
Trial by a judge without jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
40. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Prison
Sentence served one after another
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
41. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Public Defender
42. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Probation Rules
Trial by a judge without jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
43. Three Strikes Law
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Private attorneys
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
44. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Public Defender
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
45. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
$200 billion
46. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Established customs and traditions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
47. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Penitentiary House
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
48. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The FBI
1.4 million
Self-incrimination
49. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
50. Argument against the Death Penalty
Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
New York (Auburn) System