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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Defense Attorney
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

2. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Community Treatment
$200 billion

3. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

4. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Community Service Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

5. The sentence
Probation Rules
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Jail
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

6. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Intake
Pennsylvania System
Should treat people of different classes equitably
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

7. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
7 Million Americans
$200 billion
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

8. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The local police
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

9. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Day Fees
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

10. Jury Selection

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11. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Self-incrimination
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Jail

12. Duties of probation officers
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

13. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Marriage
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

14. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Established customs and traditions
Furlough
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Shock Probation

15. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Restitution
Enter a plea
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Obstacle course

16. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
The U.S. Marshall
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The local police
Furlough

17. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defense Attorney
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

18. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Anger Managment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

19. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Grand Jury
The FBI

20. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Forfeiture
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Summer

21. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Self-defense and insanity
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

22. The substantive criminal law...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

23. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Maximum-Security
Day Fees
The U.S. Marshall
The procedural criminal law

24. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Private attorneys
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

25. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
A fixed term of incarceration
nolle prosequi
Obstacle course
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

26. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The procedural criminal law

27. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Penitentiary House
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

28. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The views of powerful elites in society
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Total Instutution

29. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Community Service Restitution
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Restorative Justice

30. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Restorative Justice
Jail
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

31. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Went down steadily
Young - male - minority - poor
Marriage

32. Concurrent Sentence
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Sentence served simultaneously
Revocation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

33. Evidentiary Standard
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Maximum-Security

34. Determinate Sentencing
The U.S. Marshall
A fixed term of incarceration
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

35. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The FBI
Self-incrimination
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Went down steadily

36. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Shock Probation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Day Fees

37. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Prison
Sentence served one after another
Indigent Defendant
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

38. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Defense Attorney
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Recoupment

39. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Highway Patrol
The procedural criminal law

40. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Fine
Substantive Rights
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Enter a plea

41. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

42. Bench Trial
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
$200 billion
Trial by a judge without jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

43. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
The place and its charecteristics
Substantive Rights
New York (Auburn) System
Grand Jury

44. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Forfeiture
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

45. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Marriage
Highway Patrol
Property crimes
Pre-Sentence Investigation

46. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
A fixed term of incarceration
Super Maximum-Security Prison

47. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Minimum-Security Prison
Day Fees
Society expects them to be criminals

48. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
18
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The views of powerful elites in society
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

49. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Forfeiture
Intermediate Sanctions

50. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Young - male - minority - poor
House Arrest
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments