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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Mandatory Sentence
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Young - male - minority - poor
Obstacle course

2. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Self-incrimination
The FBI
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

3. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Social agent
The views of powerful elites in society
Shock Incarceration

4. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Established customs and traditions
Total Instutution

5. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
18
Prison
Highway Patrol
The views of powerful elites in society

6. Goals of Punishment
Jail
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Grand Jury

7. Problem of Re-entry
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

8. Jury Selection

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9. Miranda Rights...
Maximum-Security
Grand Jury
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Forfeiture

10. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Established customs and traditions
Maximum-Security

11. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

12. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

13. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

14. Right to speedy trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

15. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Should treat people of different classes equitably

16. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The views of powerful elites in society

17. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
The procedural criminal law
Recoupment
A fixed term of incarceration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

18. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Recoupment
Were considered highly educated in their time period

19. Competent Standard

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20. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The U.S. Marshall

21. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
18
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Jail
The local police

22. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intermediate Sanctions

23. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Make-believe family
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Enter a plea
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

24. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
A fixed term of incarceration

25. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Day Fees

26. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
18
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Probation

27. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Went down steadily
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

28. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
About 10 felony arrests per month
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Defense Attorney

29. Trial Process
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Summer

30. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Parole
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

31. Argument against the Death Penalty
nolle prosequi
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

32. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Furlough
Day Fees

33. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Young - male - minority - poor
Maximum-Security
Minimum-Security Prison

34. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Make-believe family
Obstacle course
Maximum-Security

35. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
18
Assembly line

36. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
The place and its charecteristics
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Community Treatment

37. Alternative Correctional Institution
Grand Jury
Restitution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

38. What is Duress?
Society expects them to be criminals
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
About 10 felony arrests per month

39. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The place and its charecteristics
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

40. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Community Treatment
Established customs and traditions
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

41. Women Imprisoned
$200 billion
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

42. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Shock Probation
Forfeiture

43. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The local police
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Increasing

44. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Indigent Defendant
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Pennsylvania System

45. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Make-believe family
Went down steadily
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

46. Right to public trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Intake
Super Maximum-Security Prison

47. What is General Deterrence?
Increasing
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

48. Problems of Parole
Work Release
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

49. Verdict
Recoupment
Substantive Rights
1.4 million
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

50. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Boot Camp
Public Defender