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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Society expects them to be criminals
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

2. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Furlough
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Grand Jury

3. Motion for a direct verdict
Community Service Restitution
Jail
Self-defense and insanity
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

4. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Assembly line

5. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Enter a plea
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

6. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Grand Jury
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Jail

7. Mandatory Sentence
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Maximum-Security
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

8. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Property crimes
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Obstacle course
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

9. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Young - male - minority - poor
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

10. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Community Service Restitution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

11. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
90%
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

12. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
New York (Auburn) System
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

13. Concurrent Jursidiction
Established customs and traditions
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Anger Managment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

14. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Higher
1.4 million
Restorative Justice

15. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
House Arrest
Social agent
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Minimum-Security Prison

16. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

17. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Fine

18. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
$200 billion
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

19. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Furlough
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

20. Judicial Waiver
Public Defender
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Obstacle course
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

21. What are characteristics of inmates
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Young - male - minority - poor
Defense Attorney
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

22. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The place and its charecteristics
Day Fees
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

23. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
18
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Anger Managment
Self-incrimination

24. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Parole

25. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
A fixed term of incarceration
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

26. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The local police
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Community Treatment

27. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
7 Million Americans
Halfway House
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

28. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Penitentiary House
Intake
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

29. Concurrent Sentence
New York (Auburn) System
Day Fees
Sentence served simultaneously
16

30. Good time
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Intake
The place and its charecteristics

31. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Defense Attorney
Subpoena
Were considered highly educated in their time period

32. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Furlough
Property crimes
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

33. Trial Process
Penitentiary House
Community Service Restitution
Self-incrimination
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

34. Status Offenders
Revocation
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Grand Jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

35. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Restorative Justice
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

36. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Revocation
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Shock Incarceration

37. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Established customs and traditions
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Went down steadily
Defense Attorney

38. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

39. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
18
Private attorneys
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Minimum-Security Prison

40. Peremptory Challenge
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
A fixed term of incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

41. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The place and its charecteristics
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

42. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Maximum-Security
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

43. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Young - male - minority - poor
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

44. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
A fixed term of incarceration
Restorative Justice
The procedural criminal law

45. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Community Service Restitution
Society expects them to be criminals
Sentence served one after another

46. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Society expects them to be criminals
About 10 felony arrests per month

47. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Highway Patrol
Restitution
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Went down steadily

48. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Self-incrimination
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Property crimes
Restorative Justice

49. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

50. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Shock Incarceration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Probation Rules