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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The procedural criminal law
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

2. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Property crimes
Increasing
Obstacle course

3. Verdict
The U.S. Marshall
Forfeiture
Substantive Rights
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

4. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Restorative Justice
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
90%

5. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The local police
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

6. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Obstacle course
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Day Fees

7. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Forfeiture
$200 billion
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

8. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Subpoena
Recoupment
Day Fees

9. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Intake
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

10. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Obstacle course

11. Trial Process
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

12. Right to be competent at trail

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13. Bench Trial
Society expects them to be criminals
Trial by a judge without jury
Penitentiary House
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

14. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Forfeiture
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Intake
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

15. Right to confront witnesses
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Revocation
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

16. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Diversion
Penitentiary House
Anger Managment

17. Good time
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Sentence served simultaneously
Forfeiture
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

18. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
The procedural criminal law
Indigent Defendant
Increasing
Community Service Restitution

19. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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20. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Recoupment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

21. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Pennsylvania System
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

22. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Diversion
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
7 Million Americans
Prison

23. Right to speedy trial
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Jail
Boot Camp
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

24. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Higher
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Penitentiary House

25. Statutory Jurisdiction
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

26. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Highway Patrol
Revocation

27. Right to compulsory process
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Higher
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

28. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
The FBI
Work Release
Halfway House
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

29. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Prison
Trial by a judge without jury

30. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
House Arrest
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Marriage

31. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Society expects them to be criminals
Higher
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

32. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Community Service Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The place and its charecteristics
Jail

33. Alternative Correctional Institution
A fixed term of incarceration
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
About 10 felony arrests per month

34. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

35. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Assembly line
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

36. Competent Standard

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37. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

38. Goals of Punishment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
$200 billion
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

39. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Forfeiture
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

40. Truth in Sentencing
Marriage
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Fine

41. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Prison
Marriage

42. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

43. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Make-believe family
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Increasing

44. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Pennsylvania System
Substantive Rights

45. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Shock Probation
Summer

46. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Defense Attorney
A fixed term of incarceration
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

47. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Enter a plea
Probation Rules
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

48. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Public Defender
The FBI
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Assembly line

49. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Fine
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

50. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The views of powerful elites in society
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests