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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Summer
Forfeiture
Went down steadily

2. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Recoupment
Boot Camp
Went down steadily

3. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Shock Incarceration
Revocation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

4. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Work Release
Community Treatment

5. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Shock Incarceration
Young - male - minority - poor
Highway Patrol
Public Defender

6. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 10 felony arrests per month
The local police

7. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
About 10 felony arrests per month
Maximum-Security
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

8. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Restitution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 10 felony arrests per month
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

9. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Work Release
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

10. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Increasing
Minimum-Security Prison
Community Service Restitution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

11. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Work Release
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Prison

12. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Maximum-Security
Total Instutution
Self-incrimination
Restitution

13. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

14. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
The U.S. Marshall
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Subpoena
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

15. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
18
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Summer

16. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
A fixed term of incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Marriage

17. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
The procedural criminal law
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Highway Patrol
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

18. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
A fixed term of incarceration
Subpoena
Probation Rules
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

19. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

20. Statutory Jurisdiction
Parole
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Diversion
Pennsylvania System

21. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Probation Rules
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

22. Right to counsel
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Community Treatment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

23. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
New York (Auburn) System
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

24. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Shock Incarceration
House Arrest
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Subpoena

25. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Marriage
Probation Rules
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

26. What are characteristics of inmates
Social agent
Young - male - minority - poor
Pennsylvania System
7 Million Americans

27. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Probation
Day Fees
Higher
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

28. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
The FBI
Marriage
The local police

29. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
The local police
Jail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Anger Managment

30. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Recoupment
Furlough
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

31. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

32. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Sentence served simultaneously
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

33. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Society expects them to be criminals
Self-defense and insanity
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

34. Alternative Correctional Institution
Enter a plea
Highway Patrol
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

35. Duties of probation officers
Community Treatment
Halfway House
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

36. Motion for a direct verdict
Day Fees
The place and its charecteristics
Subpoena
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

37. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Probation
Boot Camp

38. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Indigent Defendant
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

39. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Trial by a judge without jury
Subpoena

40. Capital Punishment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

41. Judicial Waiver
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

42. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Diversion
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Revocation

43. Problems of Parole
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Day Fees
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

44. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

45. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Halfway House
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

46. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Intermediate Sanctions

47. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Enter a plea
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Intake
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

48. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Fine
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

49. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Halfway House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Recoupment

50. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Recoupment
Higher
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Substantive Rights