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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Consecutive sentence
7 Million Americans
Defense Attorney
Sentence served one after another
The U.S. Marshall

2. Three Strikes Law
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Make-believe family
A fixed term of incarceration

3. Women Imprisoned
Probation Rules
Sentence served simultaneously
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Were considered highly educated in their time period

4. Judicial Waiver
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

5. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Property crimes
Probation

6. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Marriage
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

7. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
90%
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

8. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Make-believe family
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

9. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Grand Jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Were considered highly educated in their time period

10. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Social agent
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

11. Models of sentencing
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Community Treatment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

12. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Diversion
The place and its charecteristics
Sentence served one after another

13. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Private attorneys
The U.S. Marshall
Probation Rules
Super Maximum-Security Prison

14. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

15. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

16. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Penitentiary House
Total Instutution
Jail

17. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Intake
7 Million Americans

18. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Grand Jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

19. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Established customs and traditions
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
7 Million Americans
Recoupment

20. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Penitentiary House
Parole
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Trial by a judge without jury

21. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Diversion
Day Fees
Forfeiture

22. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The views of powerful elites in society

23. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Total Instutution

24. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Marriage
Jail
Sentence served one after another
16

25. Right to speedy trial
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

26. What is General Deterrence?
Anger Managment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

27. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Community Service Restitution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Shock Probation

28. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Should treat people of different classes equitably

29. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Shock Incarceration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

30. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Trial by a judge without jury

31. Jury Selection

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32. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Indigent Defendant
Sentence served one after another

33. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Shock Probation
1.4 million
New York (Auburn) System

34. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Assembly line
Restorative Justice

35. Probation failure correlates to...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Young - male - minority - poor
The views of powerful elites in society
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

36. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Super Maximum-Security Prison
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

37. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Private attorneys
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

38. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
The FBI
Established customs and traditions
Private attorneys

39. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Increasing
Community Service Restitution
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

40. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Work Release
Grand Jury
Self-defense and insanity

41. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
New York (Auburn) System
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Make-believe family
Intake

42. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

43. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Established customs and traditions
Enter a plea
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

44. Goals of Punishment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Public Defender
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

45. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Total Instutution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

46. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Obstacle course

47. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Restorative Justice
Boot Camp
Probation Rules

48. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Diversion
Pre-Sentence Investigation

49. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1.4 million
Sentence served simultaneously

50. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Highway Patrol
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Self-defense and insanity