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Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Increasing
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

2. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Established customs and traditions
Furlough
Intake
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

3. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Society expects them to be criminals
A crime that is considered especially immoral

4. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Public Defender
Highway Patrol
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

5. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Summer
Public Defender

6. Bench Trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Defense Attorney
Trial by a judge without jury
Summer

7. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Community Treatment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

8. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Highway Patrol
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Treatment
Jail

9. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

10. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

11. Concurrent Jursidiction
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1.4 million
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

12. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
The views of powerful elites in society
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Private attorneys
90%

13. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The views of powerful elites in society
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

14. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Self-defense and insanity
$200 billion

15. Problem of Re-entry
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

16. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

17. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Fine
The place and its charecteristics
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Increasing

18. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Restitution
Pennsylvania System
Public Defender
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

19. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
House Arrest

20. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Self-incrimination
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

21. Consecutive sentence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Sentence served one after another
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

22. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Social agent

23. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Make-believe family
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
nolle prosequi
Work Release

24. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
About 10 felony arrests per month
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Prison

25. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

26. Right to compulsory process
Total Instutution
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Higher
Private attorneys

27. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Substantive Rights
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

28. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1.4 million
Penitentiary House
Restitution
Indigent Defendant

29. Jury Selection

30. Women Imprisoned
90%
Forfeiture
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Higher

31. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
16
Were considered highly educated in their time period

32. Truth in Sentencing
90%
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

33. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Self-incrimination
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The FBI

34. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Society expects them to be criminals
Prison
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

35. Capital Punishment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
About 10 felony arrests per month
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

36. Challenged for cause
Day Fees
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Public Defender
The procedural criminal law

37. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Marriage
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Jail
Minimum-Security Prison

38. Verdict
Community Treatment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

39. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Probation Rules
Marriage

40. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Indigent Defendant
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Substantive Rights
The place and its charecteristics

41. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

42. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
A fixed term of incarceration
The local police
Community Treatment

43. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Work Release
A fixed term of incarceration
Self-incrimination

44. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Highway Patrol

45. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Summer
Make-believe family

46. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Community Service Restitution
Probation Rules
Young - male - minority - poor
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

47. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Should treat people of different classes equitably

48. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Total Instutution
Furlough

49. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Intake
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

50. Problems of Parole
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Make-believe family
Should treat people of different classes equitably