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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Intake
Fine
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

2. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Forfeiture
Assembly line
The procedural criminal law

3. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Penitentiary House
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Restorative Justice
Society expects them to be criminals

4. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Higher
Subpoena
Increasing
Sentence served one after another

5. Statutory Jurisdiction
7 Million Americans
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The views of powerful elites in society
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

6. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Should treat people of different classes equitably

7. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Community Service Restitution
Assembly line
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

8. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
90%
Increasing
Subpoena

9. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

10. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
7 Million Americans
Sentence served simultaneously

11. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
16
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Self-defense and insanity

12. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Halfway House
Were considered highly educated in their time period

13. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

14. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
The place and its charecteristics
Anger Managment
Minimum-Security Prison

15. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Penitentiary House
Trial by a judge without jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably

16. The sentence
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Parole

17. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Day Fees
Anger Managment
Higher
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

18. Consecutive sentence
Shock Probation
Sentence served one after another
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

19. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Day Fees
Community Service Restitution
Self-defense and insanity

20. Right to be competent at trail

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21. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Public Defender
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Should treat people of different classes equitably

22. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The procedural criminal law
New York (Auburn) System

23. Right to an impartial judge
The procedural criminal law
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Minimum-Security Prison
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

24. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

25. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
The U.S. Marshall
Increasing
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

26. Concurrent Sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Work Release
The place and its charecteristics
Sentence served simultaneously

27. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Day Fees
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Shock Incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

28. Motion for a direct verdict
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Were considered highly educated in their time period

29. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Shock Probation
Restitution
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

30. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Private attorneys
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

31. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Halfway House
Total Instutution
Pennsylvania System
The procedural criminal law

32. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Increasing
Obstacle course
Halfway House

33. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Forfeiture
Higher
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

34. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Restitution
Pennsylvania System
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

35. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
90%
Forfeiture
18
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

36. Trial Process
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
$200 billion
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

37. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Day Fees

38. Right to speedy trial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Recoupment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

39. Right to counsel
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

40. Argument against the Death Penalty
Self-defense and insanity
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

41. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

42. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Higher
Probation Rules

43. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
House Arrest
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Established customs and traditions

44. Problem of Re-entry
Revocation
About 10 felony arrests per month
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

45. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Indigent Defendant
7 Million Americans
Probation

46. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Intake

47. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Private attorneys
Total Instutution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

48. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Community Service Restitution
7 Million Americans
Self-defense and insanity
$200 billion

49. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

50. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Total Instutution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Jail
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)