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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to an impartial judge
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
18
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

2. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
16
Minimum-Security Prison

3. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Intermediate Sanctions
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

4. Right to compulsory process
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The FBI
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

5. Right to an impartial jury
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Intermediate Sanctions
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

6. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
7 Million Americans
Grand Jury

7. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Restitution

8. Right to counsel
$200 billion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

9. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Intermediate Sanctions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

10. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Highway Patrol
Community Treatment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

11. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The local police
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

12. Judicial Waiver
The procedural criminal law
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Probation

13. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Obstacle course

14. Good time
16
About 10 felony arrests per month
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

15. Right to be competent at trail

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16. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Defense Attorney
Maximum-Security
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Sentence served one after another

17. The sentence
Highway Patrol
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Sentence served simultaneously

18. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Community Service Restitution
Should treat people of different classes equitably

19. Competent Standard

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20. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Subpoena
The procedural criminal law
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

21. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
18
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

22. Peremptory Challenge
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Increasing
7 Million Americans
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

23. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Penitentiary House
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Young - male - minority - poor

24. Right to speedy trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Pennsylvania System
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Defense Attorney

25. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restorative Justice
Shock Probation

26. Problems of Parole
The views of powerful elites in society
Social agent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

27. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The place and its charecteristics
Recoupment

28. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
nolle prosequi
Shock Probation
1.4 million
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

29. Determinate Sentencing
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Revocation
A fixed term of incarceration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

30. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Highway Patrol
Probation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

31. Capital Punishment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Sentence served simultaneously
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

32. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Sentence served one after another
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Pennsylvania System
Self-defense and insanity

33. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Forfeiture
The views of powerful elites in society
Revocation
Social agent

34. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
$200 billion
Shock Probation

35. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Shock Incarceration
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Community Service Restitution
Furlough

36. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Shock Probation
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

37. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
18
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Halfway House

38. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Young - male - minority - poor
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Obstacle course

39. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Indigent Defendant
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

40. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Assembly line
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restorative Justice
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

41. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Assembly line
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

42. Concurrent Jursidiction
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
90%
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

43. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Test for one's competents to stand trial

44. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Highway Patrol
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Minimum-Security Prison

45. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The views of powerful elites in society
Property crimes

46. Jury Selection

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47. Motion for a direct verdict
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

48. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Pennsylvania System
Private attorneys
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Intake

49. Trial Process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

50. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The local police
When a jury member is challenged for no reason