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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Summer
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

2. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

3. Trial Process
Anger Managment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Community Treatment

4. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
The procedural criminal law
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Went down steadily
Forfeiture

5. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
18
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Parole

6. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Young - male - minority - poor
16

7. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Jail
Total Instutution
Forfeiture

8. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Increasing
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Subpoena

9. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
New York (Auburn) System
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

10. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Probation Rules

11. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Indigent Defendant

12. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Diversion
Subpoena
Society expects them to be criminals

13. Right to confront witnesses
Grand Jury
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
16

14. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
16
The procedural criminal law
Self-incrimination

15. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
The FBI
Jail
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

16. Statutory Jurisdiction
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

17. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Probation
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

18. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Enter a plea
nolle prosequi
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

19. Probation failure correlates to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Society expects them to be criminals
nolle prosequi

20. The sentence
Community Treatment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The FBI
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

21. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
18
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

22. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
nolle prosequi
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Probation Rules

23. Jury Selection

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24. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Community Service Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society
Work Release

25. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

26. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Subpoena
Boot Camp
Summer

27. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Intake
House Arrest

28. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Trial by a judge without jury
Diversion
Substantive Rights
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

29. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Maximum-Security
Test for one's competents to stand trial
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

30. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1.4 million
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The views of powerful elites in society
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

31. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Property crimes
Sentence served one after another
Boot Camp

32. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The place and its charecteristics
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

33. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Marriage
Community Service Restitution
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

34. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Marriage
Increasing
Revocation

35. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Minimum-Security Prison
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Total Instutution

36. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Forfeiture
Should treat people of different classes equitably

37. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Property crimes

38. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Public Defender

39. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

40. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Penitentiary House
Forfeiture

41. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Pre-Sentence Investigation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

42. Indeterminate Sentencing
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

43. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Public Defender
Self-defense and insanity
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

44. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Halfway House
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

45. What is Duress?
Self-defense and insanity
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The views of powerful elites in society

46. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
nolle prosequi
Established customs and traditions
About 10 felony arrests per month

47. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Boot Camp
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Day Fees

48. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Self-incrimination
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Anger Managment

49. Women Imprisoned
Indigent Defendant
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Forfeiture

50. Right to an impartial jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
7 Million Americans
Marriage