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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Status Offenders
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Shock Probation

2. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Forfeiture
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
A crime that is considered especially immoral
A fixed term of incarceration

3. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
The procedural criminal law
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Increasing

4. Problem of Re-entry
Grand Jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Parole

5. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Total Instutution
Established customs and traditions
90%
Higher

6. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Restorative Justice
nolle prosequi
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

7. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Marriage
$200 billion

8. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The views of powerful elites in society
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

9. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The place and its charecteristics
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Self-defense and insanity
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

10. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Forfeiture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Social agent
Went down steadily

11. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
A crime that is considered especially immoral
90%
Assembly line

12. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation Rules
Private attorneys
1.4 million

13. Verdict
A fixed term of incarceration
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

14. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Community Treatment
Assembly line
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

15. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
nolle prosequi
Shock Probation

16. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
18
Private attorneys
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

17. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Increasing
Maximum-Security
Community Treatment

18. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Subpoena
nolle prosequi

19. What is General Deterrence?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1.4 million
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

20. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Established customs and traditions
The local police
Self-incrimination

21. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Jail
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

22. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
The local police
Probation Rules
Higher
Fine

23. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Property crimes
Self-defense and insanity
Boot Camp

24. Right to an impartial judge
Enter a plea
Total Instutution
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

25. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Highway Patrol

26. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Enter a plea
The FBI

27. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Maximum-Security
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

28. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Increasing
Parole
1.4 million

29. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
nolle prosequi
Obstacle course
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

30. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Young - male - minority - poor
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Were considered highly educated in their time period

31. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Sentence served one after another
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Obstacle course

32. Right to an impartial jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Penitentiary House

33. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Shock Incarceration
Intermediate Sanctions

34. Good time
Obstacle course
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

35. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Pre-Sentence Investigation
90%

36. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Went down steadily
Probation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

37. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Shock Incarceration
The procedural criminal law
Revocation

38. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Indigent Defendant
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

39. The sentence
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Society expects them to be criminals

40. Concurrent Jursidiction
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The U.S. Marshall
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

41. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Grand Jury
Summer
Restitution
Revocation

42. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Community Treatment
The views of powerful elites in society

43. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Make-believe family

44. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Higher
Society expects them to be criminals

45. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Community Service Restitution
A fixed term of incarceration
Jail

46. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Restitution
Marriage
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

47. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Fine
Public Defender
Summer

48. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Revocation
Restorative Justice

49. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Maximum-Security
Subpoena
Enter a plea
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

50. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
7 Million Americans