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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to public trial
Increasing
Social agent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

2. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Total Instutution
Work Release
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

3. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Probation Rules
7 Million Americans
Social agent
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

4. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The local police
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Furlough

5. Duties of probation officers
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

6. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Subpoena
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Maximum-Security
Social agent

7. Capital Punishment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

8. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
90%
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Jail

9. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Grand Jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

10. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Anger Managment

11. What is General Deterrence?
Intermediate Sanctions
Property crimes
A fixed term of incarceration
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

12. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
nolle prosequi
Community Treatment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

13. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Probation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

14. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Recoupment
Pennsylvania System
The place and its charecteristics

15. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

16. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Community Treatment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Day Fees
The place and its charecteristics

17. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Anger Managment
Higher
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

18. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Increasing
Indigent Defendant
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

19. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Grand Jury

20. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Community Treatment
New York (Auburn) System
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

21. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Self-incrimination
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Obstacle course
7 Million Americans

22. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Make-believe family
$200 billion
Established customs and traditions

23. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
18
Indigent Defendant
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

24. Determinate Sentencing
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
A fixed term of incarceration
Obstacle course

25. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

26. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Marriage
Higher
Society expects them to be criminals
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

27. Women Imprisoned
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

28. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Summer
Probation Rules
Intake

29. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Subpoena
The U.S. Marshall
Boot Camp

30. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Revocation
Self-defense and insanity
Went down steadily

31. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Diversion
Should treat people of different classes equitably
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

32. Status Offenders
Jail
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

33. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Community Treatment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
New York (Auburn) System
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

34. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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35. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Subpoena
Pennsylvania System
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

36. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
7 Million Americans
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

37. Statutory Jurisdiction
Established customs and traditions
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

38. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The procedural criminal law
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

39. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

40. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Recoupment

41. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Property crimes
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

42. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Indigent Defendant
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Community Service Restitution

43. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Intermediate Sanctions

44. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Social agent
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Restorative Justice
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

45. Concurrent Jursidiction
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Total Instutution

46. Models of sentencing
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The local police
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The procedural criminal law

47. Verdict
7 Million Americans
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Minimum-Security Prison

48. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

49. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
The U.S. Marshall
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Obstacle course
About 10 felony arrests per month

50. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Enter a plea
Intermediate Sanctions

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