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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
New York (Auburn) System
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

2. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Restorative Justice
Highway Patrol
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

3. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Established customs and traditions
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

4. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Sentence served simultaneously
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

5. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Went down steadily
Intermediate Sanctions
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

6. Indeterminate Sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Established customs and traditions
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Penitentiary House

7. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Self-defense and insanity
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Total Instutution

8. Competent Standard
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

9. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Social agent
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

10. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
A fixed term of incarceration
Probation Rules
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

11. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Private attorneys

12. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Halfway House
90%
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

13. Right to counsel
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Pennsylvania System
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

14. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Indigent Defendant
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

15. Right to an impartial judge
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

16. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Obstacle course

17. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Diversion
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

18. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Furlough
Total Instutution

19. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Penitentiary House
Furlough
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

20. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The procedural criminal law

21. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Summer
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Intermediate Sanctions
Parole

22. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Obstacle course
Make-believe family
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

23. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

24. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Day Fees
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

25. Judicial Waiver
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The views of powerful elites in society
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

26. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Furlough
The place and its charecteristics
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Test for one's competents to stand trial

27. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
About 10 felony arrests per month
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

28. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
16
Anger Managment

29. What are characteristics of inmates
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Revocation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Young - male - minority - poor

30. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Boot Camp
Restorative Justice
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

31. Right to speedy trial
The local police
Community Treatment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

32. Right to be competent at trail
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1.4 million

33. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
$200 billion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Shock Incarceration

34. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Day Fees
Grand Jury
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Restitution

35. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Make-believe family
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The U.S. Marshall
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

36. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Work Release
Intake
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

37. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
The FBI
Restorative Justice
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

38. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
New York (Auburn) System
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

39. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Diversion

40. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Total Instutution
Shock Incarceration
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

41. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Diversion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

42. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Grand Jury
Sentence served one after another
About 10 felony arrests per month

43. Duties of probation officers
16
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
New York (Auburn) System
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

44. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Revocation
Boot Camp
Sentence served simultaneously
The U.S. Marshall

45. Models of sentencing
The procedural criminal law
Restitution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

46. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Obstacle course
18
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

47. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

48. Evidentiary Standard
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Revocation

49. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Public Defender
Were considered highly educated in their time period
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
$200 billion

50. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Community Service Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

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