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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
House Arrest
Defense Attorney

2. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
16

3. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Intake
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

4. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
The place and its charecteristics
Subpoena
16
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

5. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Sentence served simultaneously
Marriage

6. Capital Punishment
The procedural criminal law
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Pennsylvania System

7. The substantive criminal law...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Anger Managment
Parole
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

8. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Higher
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

9. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Public Defender

10. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Private attorneys
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

11. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Highway Patrol
Anger Managment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

12. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
The procedural criminal law
Restitution
Shock Incarceration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

13. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Grand Jury

14. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Halfway House
Total Instutution

15. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Restorative Justice
Young - male - minority - poor
Pre-Sentence Investigation

16. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
1.4 million
Subpoena
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

17. Right to an impartial judge
Diversion
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Intermediate Sanctions

18. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Substantive Rights
Obstacle course

19. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
$200 billion
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

20. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Jail
The procedural criminal law
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

21. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Forfeiture
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Pennsylvania System

22. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Highway Patrol
Self-incrimination
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

23. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1.4 million
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

24. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Self-incrimination
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Trial by a judge without jury

25. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Prison
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

26. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Subpoena
90%

27. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Subpoena
Indigent Defendant
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1.4 million

28. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Highway Patrol
Minimum-Security Prison
Went down steadily
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

29. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

30. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Defense Attorney
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Young - male - minority - poor

31. Mandatory Sentence
Social agent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

32. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Marriage

33. Problem of Re-entry
Restitution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

34. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

35. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Enter a plea
Halfway House
90%

36. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Increasing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Diversion
$200 billion

37. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Social agent

38. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

39. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The views of powerful elites in society
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

40. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Substantive Rights
18
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

41. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Assembly line
Self-defense and insanity
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

42. Argument against the Death Penalty
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Shock Incarceration

43. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Probation Rules

44. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Day Fees
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

45. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

46. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
90%
Highway Patrol
Community Treatment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

47. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
16
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

48. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Diversion
Higher
Community Treatment
Forfeiture

49. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Young - male - minority - poor

50. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Work Release
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Assembly line