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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
The FBI
Grand Jury
Restorative Justice
Make-believe family

2. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Young - male - minority - poor
$200 billion
The place and its charecteristics

3. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Fine
Boot Camp
Probation Rules
Restorative Justice

4. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Shock Incarceration
Enter a plea
18

5. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The procedural criminal law
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

6. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Restorative Justice
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Furlough

7. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
The FBI
Fine
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Work Release

8. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Make-believe family
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Maximum-Security

9. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
nolle prosequi

10. Models of sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Diversion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The procedural criminal law

11. Right to speedy trial
Public Defender
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

12. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Young - male - minority - poor
Shock Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

13. Argument against the Death Penalty
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Private attorneys
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
18

14. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

15. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Increasing
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

16. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Intake
Highway Patrol
Property crimes
18

17. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Restorative Justice
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

18. Status Offenders
Young - male - minority - poor
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

19. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

20. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Halfway House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

21. Three Strikes Law
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

22. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Penitentiary House
Restorative Justice

23. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Should treat people of different classes equitably
$200 billion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

24. Right to be competent at trail

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25. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Forfeiture
Defense Attorney
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

26. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Sentence served one after another
The procedural criminal law
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

27. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
A fixed term of incarceration
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

28. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Private attorneys
Obstacle course
Total Instutution
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

29. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

30. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Social agent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Self-defense and insanity

31. Bench Trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Subpoena
Trial by a judge without jury
Self-incrimination

32. Problem of Re-entry
Boot Camp
Sentence served one after another
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

33. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Higher

34. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Diversion
Social agent
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

35. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Self-defense and insanity
Anger Managment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

36. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Grand Jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
18

37. Factors that Influence Sentencing
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Forfeiture
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

38. Peremptory Challenge
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The U.S. Marshall
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

39. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Jail
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Pennsylvania System
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

40. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

41. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Society expects them to be criminals
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Indigent Defendant
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

42. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Furlough
Work Release
Diversion
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

43. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Total Instutution
Recoupment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

44. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Probation
Society expects them to be criminals

45. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
18
New York (Auburn) System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
90%

46. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

47. Right to an impartial jury
Parole
Recoupment
Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

48. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Prison

49. Duties of probation officers
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Make-believe family

50. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Anger Managment