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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Argument against the Death Penalty
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

2. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Diversion
Society expects them to be criminals

3. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Shock Probation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

4. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Maximum-Security
The views of powerful elites in society
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

5. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Restitution
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Were considered highly educated in their time period

6. Statutory Jurisdiction
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Defense Attorney
Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

7. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Forfeiture
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Community Service Restitution

8. Goals of Punishment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Substantive Rights
Probation Rules
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

9. Bench Trial
Day Fees
Trial by a judge without jury
Pennsylvania System
Public Defender

10. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
New York (Auburn) System
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The procedural criminal law

11. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Make-believe family

12. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Pennsylvania System
Enter a plea
About 10 felony arrests per month
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

13. What is Duress?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Furlough

14. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Sentence served simultaneously
Penitentiary House
Work Release

15. Right to compulsory process
Anger Managment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Marriage
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

16. Trial Process
Diversion
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Subpoena
The local police

17. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
About 10 felony arrests per month
Diversion

18. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Make-believe family

19. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Day Fees

20. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Probation Rules

21. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Defense Attorney
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

22. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

23. Mandatory Sentence
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

24. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Day Fees
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Revocation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

25. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The views of powerful elites in society
Indigent Defendant
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

26. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

27. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Restorative Justice
Social agent
Indigent Defendant
Shock Probation

28. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

29. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The views of powerful elites in society
16

30. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Furlough
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Society expects them to be criminals
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

31. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
16
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

32. Concurrent Sentence
Assembly line
The place and its charecteristics
Sentence served simultaneously
Forfeiture

33. Duties of probation officers
90%
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

34. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Increasing

35. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Substantive Rights
Social agent
Boot Camp
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

36. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
New York (Auburn) System

37. Verdict
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Parole
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

38. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Increasing
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Private attorneys

39. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Anger Managment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

40. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Intermediate Sanctions

41. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Make-believe family

42. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The procedural criminal law
Grand Jury

43. Challenged for cause
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Intermediate Sanctions

44. What are characteristics of inmates
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Young - male - minority - poor
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

45. Right to an impartial jury
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
18
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Intermediate Sanctions

46. Models of sentencing
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
$200 billion
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

47. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Restorative Justice
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

48. Determinate Sentencing
Day Fees
nolle prosequi
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
A fixed term of incarceration

49. Right to counsel
Property crimes
Diversion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

50. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts