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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to compulsory process
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The local police
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Social agent

2. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Increasing

3. Problems of Parole
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Fine
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

4. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Pennsylvania System
The place and its charecteristics
Shock Incarceration

5. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
The U.S. Marshall
The local police
Jail
Summer

6. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Community Treatment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Shock Probation
Grand Jury

7. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Self-incrimination
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Restitution

8. Mandatory Sentence
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
16

9. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Pennsylvania System
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Indigent Defendant
Society expects them to be criminals

10. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
90%
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

11. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Revocation

12. Consecutive sentence
Maximum-Security
Public Defender
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Sentence served one after another

13. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Highway Patrol
18
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

14. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
About 10 felony arrests per month

15. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Grand Jury
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

16. Problem of Re-entry
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Marriage
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

17. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Established customs and traditions
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Highway Patrol
Were considered highly educated in their time period

18. Indeterminate Sentencing
Recoupment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
House Arrest
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

19. Alternative Correctional Institution
Indigent Defendant
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Halfway House

20. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

21. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Self-defense and insanity

22. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
$200 billion
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

23. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Boot Camp
Maximum-Security
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

24. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
The U.S. Marshall
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

25. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Property crimes
Self-incrimination
Community Treatment
Pre-Sentence Investigation

26. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Shock Incarceration
Subpoena
Social agent
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

27. What is Duress?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Substantive Rights
Penitentiary House

28. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Probation Rules
Increasing

29. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Self-defense and insanity
Self-incrimination
Recoupment
Shock Incarceration

30. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Halfway House
18
Jail

31. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Private attorneys
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

32. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Society expects them to be criminals
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
About 10 felony arrests per month
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

33. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. Duties of probation officers
Furlough
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The place and its charecteristics
Pennsylvania System

35. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
18
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Recoupment
Highway Patrol

36. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Property crimes
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

37. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Boot Camp

38. Concurrent Sentence
16
Trial by a judge without jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Sentence served simultaneously

39. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Forfeiture
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Young - male - minority - poor

40. Determinate Sentencing
Community Treatment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Pennsylvania System
A fixed term of incarceration

41. What are characteristics of inmates
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Young - male - minority - poor
Penitentiary House
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

42. Women Imprisoned
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Summer
Social agent

43. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Fine
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Public Defender

44. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Increasing
Fine
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

45. Challenged for cause
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

46. Three Strikes Law
Sentence served simultaneously
The U.S. Marshall
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

47. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
$200 billion
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Restorative Justice
Enter a plea

48. Motion for a direct verdict
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

49. Right to confront witnesses
Parole
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Restitution
Highway Patrol

50. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Enter a plea
90%
16
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates