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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Models of sentencing
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

2. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
The FBI
Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Maximum-Security

3. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
The U.S. Marshall
Intermediate Sanctions
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

4. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Boot Camp
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The U.S. Marshall

5. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Sentence served simultaneously
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Anger Managment

6. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Property crimes

7. Miranda Rights...
The local police
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Defense Attorney
Were considered highly educated in their time period

8. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
$200 billion
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

9. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Defense Attorney
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

10. Indeterminate Sentencing
Day Fees
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

11. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Anger Managment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

12. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Intake

13. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Community Treatment
7 Million Americans
The local police

14. What is General Deterrence?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Boot Camp
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

15. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The FBI
90%
Community Service Restitution

16. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

17. The sentence
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Public Defender

18. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Public Defender

19. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Day Fees
Indigent Defendant
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

20. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Jail
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

21. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Property crimes
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Sentence served one after another

22. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
The place and its charecteristics
The views of powerful elites in society
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

23. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
A fixed term of incarceration
Grand Jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

24. Argument against the Death Penalty
Higher
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

25. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Restorative Justice
Halfway House

26. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Furlough
Fine
Society expects them to be criminals

27. Right to an impartial judge
Community Service Restitution
Higher
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

28. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Restitution
Public Defender
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

29. Determinate Sentencing
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
A fixed term of incarceration
A crime that is considered especially immoral

30. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Substantive Rights
Defense Attorney

31. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The local police

32. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
The FBI
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Parole
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

33. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Defense Attorney
The procedural criminal law
$200 billion

34. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Established customs and traditions
Prison

35. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Assembly line
About 10 felony arrests per month
Parole

36. Right to an impartial jury
Society expects them to be criminals
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Day Fees

37. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
1.4 million
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Prison

38. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Furlough

39. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Social agent

40. Consecutive sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Sentence served one after another
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

41. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Enter a plea
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Minimum-Security Prison

42. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Diversion
Private attorneys
Forfeiture
Halfway House

43. Concurrent Jursidiction
Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

44. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
16
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Recoupment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

45. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Defense Attorney
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Probation

46. Evidentiary Standard
Sentence served simultaneously
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
7 Million Americans
Defense Attorney

47. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Restitution
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

48. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Sentence served one after another
Private attorneys
Grand Jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

49. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Restorative Justice

50. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Intermediate Sanctions