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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Shock Probation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The FBI

2. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
$200 billion
Society expects them to be criminals
Probation Rules

3. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Indigent Defendant
Maximum-Security
Minimum-Security Prison
Self-incrimination

4. Right to be competent at trail

5. Probation failure correlates to...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Community Treatment
Social agent

6. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
nolle prosequi
7 Million Americans
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

7. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Community Service Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young - male - minority - poor
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

8. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Enter a plea
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

9. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Penitentiary House
Self-defense and insanity
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

10. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
The place and its charecteristics
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Revocation

11. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Property crimes
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
New York (Auburn) System
Subpoena

12. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Probation
Day Fees
Furlough

13. Challenged for cause
Shock Incarceration
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The views of powerful elites in society

14. Determinate Sentencing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
A fixed term of incarceration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

15. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

16. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The U.S. Marshall
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

17. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Fine
The U.S. Marshall
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

18. Statutory Jurisdiction
Enter a plea
Super Maximum-Security Prison
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Jail

19. Right to an impartial judge
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Revocation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

20. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Young - male - minority - poor

21. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Parole
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

22. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1.4 million
Higher
Penitentiary House

23. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Parole
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

24. Arguments for the Death Penalty

25. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Community Service Restitution
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Summer

26. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Social agent
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Maximum-Security
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

27. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Increasing
1.4 million
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

28. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Shock Incarceration

29. Right to counsel
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
7 Million Americans
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

30. Bench Trial
Went down steadily
Trial by a judge without jury
Jail
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

31. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
16
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

32. Trial Process
Boot Camp
A crime that is considered especially immoral
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

33. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Highway Patrol
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Furlough

34. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Highway Patrol
18
Defense Attorney

35. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Revocation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Community Treatment

36. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Established customs and traditions

37. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Diversion

38. Good time
House Arrest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

39. Argument against the Death Penalty
Property crimes
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
A fixed term of incarceration
Private attorneys

40. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
The local police
Halfway House
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Highway Patrol

41. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Anger Managment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

42. Indeterminate Sentencing
Maximum-Security
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Society expects them to be criminals
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

43. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
The U.S. Marshall
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
7 Million Americans

44. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Were considered highly educated in their time period
7 Million Americans
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

45. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Increasing
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

46. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The procedural criminal law
Self-defense and insanity

47. What is General Deterrence?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Day Fees
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

48. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Anger Managment
$200 billion
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

49. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The views of powerful elites in society
Maximum-Security

50. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established customs and traditions
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Marriage