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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Probation failure correlates to...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Intermediate Sanctions

2. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Self-incrimination
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The local police
Total Instutution

3. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The FBI
Self-defense and insanity
16

4. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Highway Patrol
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Work Release
Probation

5. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Private attorneys
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

6. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Highway Patrol
Subpoena
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Work Release

7. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Restorative Justice
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

8. Capital Punishment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Society expects them to be criminals

9. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Highway Patrol
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

10. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
The views of powerful elites in society
Highway Patrol
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

11. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Obstacle course
The local police

12. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
7 Million Americans
The U.S. Marshall
Property crimes
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

13. Concurrent Sentence
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1.4 million
Intake
Sentence served simultaneously

14. Right to counsel
Community Treatment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

15. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Increasing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

16. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Public Defender
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
About 10 felony arrests per month

17. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Day Fees
The place and its charecteristics

18. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Jail
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

19. Jury Selection

20. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
The U.S. Marshall
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Total Instutution

21. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

22. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Public Defender
Private attorneys

23. Women Imprisoned
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
18
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Private attorneys

24. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Parole
Were considered highly educated in their time period
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

25. Bench Trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Trial by a judge without jury

26. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation
90%

27. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Private attorneys
Diversion

28. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

29. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The procedural criminal law
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
nolle prosequi

30. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Subpoena
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

31. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Intermediate Sanctions
Substantive Rights
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Make-believe family

32. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Prison

33. Right to be competent at trail

34. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
About 10 felony arrests per month
Trial by a judge without jury

35. Three Strikes Law
Self-defense and insanity
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Shock Incarceration

36. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

37. Evidentiary Standard
Penitentiary House
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Probation Rules
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

38. The sentence
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1.4 million
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

39. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Higher

40. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Property crimes
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Recoupment
$200 billion

41. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
The views of powerful elites in society
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

42. Judicial Waiver
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Test for one's competents to stand trial
The FBI
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

43. Models of sentencing
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Shock Probation
Increasing

44. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Society expects them to be criminals
Defense Attorney
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

45. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Make-believe family
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Went down steadily

46. Right to confront witnesses
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
New York (Auburn) System
Restorative Justice

47. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Young - male - minority - poor
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Shock Incarceration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

48. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Public Defender
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation Rules
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

49. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Social agent
Intake

50. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Anger Managment
Prison
nolle prosequi
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas