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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
House Arrest

2. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Grand Jury
Revocation
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Pennsylvania System

3. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Marriage
Diversion
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

4. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Forfeiture
Sentence served simultaneously

5. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
New York (Auburn) System
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

6. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Parole
The U.S. Marshall
Restorative Justice

7. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Anger Managment
Private attorneys
Shock Probation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

8. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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9. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

10. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Higher

11. Judicial Waiver
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Fine
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

12. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
About 10 felony arrests per month
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

13. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Sentence served simultaneously
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The FBI

14. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The procedural criminal law
Sentence served simultaneously
Trial by a judge without jury

15. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Sentence served simultaneously
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

16. Goals of Punishment
Established customs and traditions
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

17. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Higher
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

18. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Marriage
The place and its charecteristics
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

19. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Boot Camp
The place and its charecteristics
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Defense Attorney

20. Argument against the Death Penalty
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
A fixed term of incarceration
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

21. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Property crimes
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Total Instutution

22. Problem of Re-entry
Sentence served one after another
House Arrest
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

23. Probation failure correlates to...
Shock Probation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Higher

24. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Probation Rules
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Highway Patrol
Obstacle course

25. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
The procedural criminal law
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

26. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Sentence served one after another
Halfway House
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Increasing

27. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

28. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Anger Managment
The place and its charecteristics

29. Models of sentencing
Furlough
Revocation
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

30. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Anger Managment
Work Release
Forfeiture

31. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The procedural criminal law
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

32. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Day Fees
Substantive Rights
Maximum-Security
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

33. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Self-incrimination
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Assembly line
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

34. Right to counsel
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Defense Attorney
Enter a plea

35. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Enter a plea
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

36. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
The U.S. Marshall
Obstacle course
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

37. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

38. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Forfeiture
Sentence served simultaneously
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

39. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Substantive Rights
Enter a plea
Make-believe family

40. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Highway Patrol
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

41. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Boot Camp
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Maximum-Security

42. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
New York (Auburn) System
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Went down steadily
Intake

43. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The FBI
Summer

44. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Revocation
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Restitution

45. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Diversion
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Public Defender
Sentence served simultaneously

46. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Total Instutution
Penitentiary House
Maximum-Security
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

47. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Subpoena
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Intake

48. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Pennsylvania System
Established customs and traditions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Parole

49. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Halfway House
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Parole

50. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime