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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Bench Trial
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The local police
Trial by a judge without jury
A crime that is considered especially immoral

2. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
A fixed term of incarceration
Enter a plea
Social agent
Substantive Rights

3. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Penitentiary House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Obstacle course

4. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Probation Rules
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

5. Evidentiary Standard
16
$200 billion
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Marriage

6. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Probation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Super Maximum-Security Prison

7. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Indigent Defendant
Enter a plea
Young - male - minority - poor
Higher

8. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

9. Consecutive sentence
The views of powerful elites in society
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Sentence served one after another
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

10. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Highway Patrol
Minimum-Security Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

11. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Maximum-Security
Forfeiture
Restorative Justice

12. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Grand Jury
Make-believe family
Boot Camp
About 10 felony arrests per month

13. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
nolle prosequi
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Revocation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

14. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The procedural criminal law
The U.S. Marshall
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

15. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Defense Attorney
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
90%
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

16. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
House Arrest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

17. Right to an impartial judge
nolle prosequi
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Parole
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

18. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Halfway House
Revocation
Highway Patrol
Penitentiary House

19. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Maximum-Security
Self-defense and insanity

20. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Minimum-Security Prison
The place and its charecteristics
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Indigent Defendant

21. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Increasing
Self-incrimination
The local police
The U.S. Marshall

22. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
About 10 felony arrests per month
Forfeiture
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

23. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Grand Jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Shock Incarceration

24. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Revocation
Obstacle course
7 Million Americans
Higher

25. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Self-defense and insanity
Boot Camp

26. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Jail
Probation
Boot Camp
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

27. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
The FBI
Self-defense and insanity
Sentence served one after another
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

28. Right to an impartial jury
Summer
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

29. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Social agent

30. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
7 Million Americans
Probation
Community Treatment
Shock Probation

31. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
New York (Auburn) System
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Jail

32. Models of sentencing
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

33. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Shock Incarceration
Shock Probation

34. Problem of Re-entry
Halfway House
Shock Probation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Probation

35. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Self-incrimination
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Parole

36. Right to be competent at trail

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37. Trial Process
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Day Fees
Defense Attorney
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

38. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Boot Camp
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

39. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
16
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

40. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Were considered highly educated in their time period
7 Million Americans
Self-incrimination

41. What is Duress?
Went down steadily
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

42. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Higher

43. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

44. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

45. Competent Standard

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46. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Halfway House
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

47. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
7 Million Americans
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

48. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Summer

49. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

50. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Higher
Subpoena
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

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