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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Highway Patrol
Test for one's competents to stand trial

2. Right to be competent at trail

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3. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Indigent Defendant
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation

4. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Diversion
About 10 felony arrests per month
Restorative Justice

5. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The views of powerful elites in society
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
nolle prosequi

6. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Diversion
Indigent Defendant
Super Maximum-Security Prison

7. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The U.S. Marshall
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

8. Right to an impartial judge
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

9. Verdict
Substantive Rights
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

10. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
90%
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Summer

11. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Penitentiary House
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Established customs and traditions
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

12. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Self-defense and insanity
Probation

13. Trial Process
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Revocation

14. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Community Treatment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Restorative Justice

15. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Substantive Rights
Public Defender
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

16. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Make-believe family
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

17. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Minimum-Security Prison
The local police

18. Evidentiary Standard
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Pennsylvania System
90%
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

19. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1.4 million
7 Million Americans
Maximum-Security

20. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Parole

21. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Sentence served simultaneously
A fixed term of incarceration
16

22. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Restorative Justice
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
18
90%

23. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Grand Jury
Subpoena
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

24. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Probation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

25. Probation failure correlates to...
Obstacle course
Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

26. Peremptory Challenge
Diversion
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Boot Camp
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

27. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Community Service Restitution

28. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Increasing

29. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Halfway House
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

30. Three Strikes Law
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

31. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
A fixed term of incarceration
Higher
Indigent Defendant

32. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Property crimes
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Parole

33. Indeterminate Sentencing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Penitentiary House

34. Motion for a direct verdict
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

35. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Day Fees
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
$200 billion
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

36. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Highway Patrol
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Trial by a judge without jury

37. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Fine
Private attorneys

38. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Recoupment
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

39. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

40. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Total Instutution
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

41. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Increasing
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

42. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Community Service Restitution
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

43. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Day Fees
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

44. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Community Treatment
Enter a plea
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

45. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Anger Managment

46. Competent Standard

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47. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Furlough
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

48. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Self-defense and insanity
18
Restorative Justice

49. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Pennsylvania System
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Community Treatment

50. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Penitentiary House