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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Subpoena
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Increasing

2. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Assembly line
Recoupment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

3. Goals of Punishment
Private attorneys
Forfeiture
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

4. Three Strikes Law
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Sentence served one after another
Recoupment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

5. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Subpoena
$200 billion

6. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Intermediate Sanctions
Summer
Social agent
Furlough

7. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Pennsylvania System
Enter a plea
Property crimes
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

8. Good time
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Fine

9. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Parole
The U.S. Marshall
Community Service Restitution

10. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Total Instutution
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Social agent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

11. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Probation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Higher

12. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Defense Attorney
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

13. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Jail
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Intake
1.4 million

14. Determinate Sentencing
Marriage
Boot Camp
Total Instutution
A fixed term of incarceration

15. The sentence
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Indigent Defendant
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

16. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
House Arrest
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Prison
Private attorneys

17. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Parole
Substantive Rights
The place and its charecteristics
Pennsylvania System

18. Right to be competent at trail

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19. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The views of powerful elites in society
Intermediate Sanctions
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

20. Concurrent Sentence
Public Defender
Defense Attorney
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Sentence served simultaneously

21. Argument against the Death Penalty
New York (Auburn) System
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

22. Right to compulsory process
Substantive Rights
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Society expects them to be criminals
Test for one's competents to stand trial

23. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
A fixed term of incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

24. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Penitentiary House
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

25. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Substantive Rights
Subpoena
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

26. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Increasing
Make-believe family
Grand Jury

27. Truth in Sentencing
Social agent
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Total Instutution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

28. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Private attorneys
Community Treatment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

29. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Subpoena
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

30. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Community Service Restitution
Revocation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Self-defense and insanity

31. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Halfway House
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

32. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Increasing

33. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
New York (Auburn) System
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Shock Probation

34. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Furlough
Halfway House
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

35. Statutory Jurisdiction
Young - male - minority - poor
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
7 Million Americans

36. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Community Service Restitution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Furlough

37. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Trial by a judge without jury
About 10 felony arrests per month
New York (Auburn) System
Test for one's competents to stand trial

38. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

39. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Probation Rules
Halfway House
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
A crime that is considered especially immoral

40. Judicial Waiver
The local police
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

41. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Total Instutution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
7 Million Americans
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

42. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Young - male - minority - poor
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Highway Patrol

43. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The procedural criminal law
Property crimes

44. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

45. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

46. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Sentence served simultaneously
Assembly line
Recoupment
Forfeiture

47. Women Imprisoned
The place and its charecteristics
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Pre-Sentence Investigation

48. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Should treat people of different classes equitably

49. Right to counsel
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Minimum-Security Prison

50. Right to confront witnesses
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The local police
Sentence served one after another
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

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