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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Boot Camp
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Highway Patrol
16

2. Indeterminate Sentencing
Community Service Restitution
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

3. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Fine
Self-defense and insanity
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

4. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Fine
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

5. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Shock Incarceration
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Pre-Sentence Investigation

6. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Social agent
Summer

7. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Prison
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Indigent Defendant

8. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Restitution
Trial by a judge without jury

9. Jury Selection

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10. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

11. The sentence
Society expects them to be criminals
The U.S. Marshall
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

12. Problems of Parole
Total Instutution
Subpoena
Private attorneys
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

13. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Prison
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

14. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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15. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Private attorneys
A fixed term of incarceration

16. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
A fixed term of incarceration
Restitution

17. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
House Arrest
1.4 million
Public Defender
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

18. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Substantive Rights

19. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Established customs and traditions
Increasing
Society expects them to be criminals
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

20. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Went down steadily
About 10 felony arrests per month
Social agent
A fixed term of incarceration

21. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

22. Truth in Sentencing
The place and its charecteristics
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

23. What is General Deterrence?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Intake
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

24. Mandatory Sentence
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

25. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Summer
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Were considered highly educated in their time period

26. Right to public trial
Marriage
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Grand Jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

27. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young - male - minority - poor
Minimum-Security Prison

28. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
A fixed term of incarceration
Young - male - minority - poor
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

29. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The local police
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Were considered highly educated in their time period

30. Delinquents
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

31. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
The place and its charecteristics
The U.S. Marshall
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

32. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
About 10 felony arrests per month
90%
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

33. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Intermediate Sanctions
Community Treatment

34. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Prison
Pre-Sentence Investigation

35. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Probation Rules
Prison

36. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Maximum-Security
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Higher
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

37. Good time
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The local police
Probation Rules

38. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Furlough
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Assembly line
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

39. Goals of Punishment
Day Fees
Sentence served simultaneously
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

40. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Sentence served one after another
Boot Camp

41. Right to be competent at trail

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42. Right to an impartial judge
Restorative Justice
The procedural criminal law
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Revocation

43. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Private attorneys
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

44. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
New York (Auburn) System
House Arrest

45. Competent Standard

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46. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Probation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Test for one's competents to stand trial

47. Problem of Re-entry
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Parole
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

48. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Obstacle course
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
nolle prosequi

49. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Minimum-Security Prison
Maximum-Security

50. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
New York (Auburn) System
Revocation
Defense Attorney