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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Boot Camp
Enter a plea
Shock Probation
Higher

2. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Day Fees
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Assembly line

3. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Grand Jury
Jail
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Sentence served simultaneously

4. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Higher
The local police
Went down steadily
Assembly line

5. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Boot Camp

6. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Intake
Jail
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

7. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Furlough
Established customs and traditions

8. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
A fixed term of incarceration
Sentence served one after another

9. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Restorative Justice
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

10. What are characteristics of inmates
Anger Managment
Enter a plea
Young - male - minority - poor
Self-incrimination

11. Competent Standard

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12. Models of sentencing
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

13. Right to speedy trial
Anger Managment
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Fine

14. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Super Maximum-Security Prison

15. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Day Fees
Property crimes
1.4 million

16. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
18
Halfway House

17. Duties of probation officers
Anger Managment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

18. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Sentence served one after another

19. Mandatory Sentence
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

20. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Community Service Restitution
Anger Managment
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

21. Status Offenders
Prison
Public Defender
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
About 10 felony arrests per month

22. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Higher
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

23. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Sentence served simultaneously
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Defense Attorney

24. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Minimum-Security Prison
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

25. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Subpoena
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

26. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Property crimes

27. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Enter a plea
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Shock Probation
Were considered highly educated in their time period

28. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Higher
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

29. Motion for a direct verdict
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Self-incrimination
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

30. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
New York (Auburn) System
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Day Fees

31. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Prison
House Arrest
Restorative Justice

32. The substantive criminal law...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

33. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Pennsylvania System
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Obstacle course

34. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Work Release
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Increasing
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

35. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Community Service Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Property crimes

36. Determinate Sentencing
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
A fixed term of incarceration
Penitentiary House
Young - male - minority - poor

37. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Self-defense and insanity
Society expects them to be criminals
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

38. Right to compulsory process
Community Treatment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
House Arrest

39. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The procedural criminal law
Social agent

40. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Self-defense and insanity
Increasing
Defense Attorney

41. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Defense Attorney
Maximum-Security

42. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Penitentiary House
The U.S. Marshall
Summer

43. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Penitentiary House
Jail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

44. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Community Service Restitution
Obstacle course
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Self-incrimination

45. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Boot Camp
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

46. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Diversion
Halfway House

47. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Intermediate Sanctions
Public Defender
Summer
Jail

48. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1.4 million
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defense Attorney

49. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Subpoena
Diversion

50. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Increasing
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Intermediate Sanctions