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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Goals of Punishment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Marriage
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

2. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Make-believe family
Increasing

3. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Indigent Defendant
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

4. Right to be competent at trail

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5. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Revocation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

6. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Trial by a judge without jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

7. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Social agent
16
Marriage

8. Miranda Rights...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Subpoena

9. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

10. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
nolle prosequi

11. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Penitentiary House
Shock Probation
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

12. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Furlough

13. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Shock Incarceration
Intermediate Sanctions
Should treat people of different classes equitably
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

14. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Anger Managment
Substantive Rights
Fine

15. Problems of Parole
Revocation
New York (Auburn) System
Grand Jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

16. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

17. Right to public trial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Assembly line
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

18. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
18

19. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
The FBI
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Community Service Restitution

20. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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21. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Went down steadily
Day Fees
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

22. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Furlough
Boot Camp
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

23. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Anger Managment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

24. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Higher
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Minimum-Security Prison
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

25. Determinate Sentencing
Shock Probation
A fixed term of incarceration
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Probation

26. Challenged for cause
Pennsylvania System
Fine
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

27. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Public Defender
Forfeiture
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

28. Right to compulsory process
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Parole
Fine
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

29. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Marriage
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Jail

30. Concurrent Sentence
Furlough
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously

31. Good time
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Test for one's competents to stand trial
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

32. Women Imprisoned
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Private attorneys
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

33. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
New York (Auburn) System
Recoupment
The local police
Shock Incarceration

34. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
$200 billion
Work Release
18
Make-believe family

35. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Society expects them to be criminals
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Shock Incarceration
Pennsylvania System

36. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1.4 million

37. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Self-defense and insanity
Public Defender
Parole

38. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Intake
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The local police
1.4 million

39. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1.4 million
Public Defender

40. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Social agent
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

41. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Established customs and traditions
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

42. Statutory Jurisdiction
Restorative Justice
Social agent
Restitution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

43. Alternative Correctional Institution
Went down steadily
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Probation Rules
Furlough

44. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Society expects them to be criminals
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

45. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

46. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Private attorneys
A crime that is considered especially immoral

47. Right to confront witnesses
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

48. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Pennsylvania System

49. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The FBI
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

50. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Community Treatment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial