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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Problem of Re-entry
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

2. Indeterminate Sentencing
Subpoena
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Recoupment
Self-incrimination

3. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
18
Jail
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

4. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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5. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
House Arrest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Pennsylvania System
Community Treatment

6. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Young - male - minority - poor
Shock Probation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Super Maximum-Security Prison

7. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Marriage
Established customs and traditions
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

8. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Penitentiary House
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Jail

9. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

10. Probation failure correlates to...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Were considered highly educated in their time period
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

11. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Work Release
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

12. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Substantive Rights
$200 billion

13. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Pennsylvania System
A crime that is considered especially immoral

14. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Minimum-Security Prison
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Self-defense and insanity
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

15. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Highway Patrol
16

16. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Sentence served one after another
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Established customs and traditions

17. Consecutive sentence
Anger Managment
Sentence served one after another
Property crimes
About 10 felony arrests per month

18. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Established customs and traditions
Society expects them to be criminals
Community Service Restitution
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

19. Right to an impartial judge
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Sentence served one after another

20. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Private attorneys
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

21. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Defense Attorney
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

22. Miranda Rights...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

23. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Enter a plea
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Boot Camp
New York (Auburn) System

24. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

25. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Make-believe family
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Increasing

26. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Probation Rules
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Fine
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

27. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Day Fees
Jail

28. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

29. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Fine
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

30. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Restorative Justice
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Parole

31. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
The local police
Revocation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

32. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Recoupment
Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

33. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Intake
Test for one's competents to stand trial

34. Status Offenders
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Community Service Restitution
Increasing
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

35. Competent Standard

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36. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Trial by a judge without jury
Self-incrimination
1.4 million
Jail

37. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

38. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Shock Probation
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Obstacle course

39. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1.4 million

40. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defense Attorney
nolle prosequi

41. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
New York (Auburn) System
Assembly line
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Community Treatment

42. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Indigent Defendant
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1.4 million

43. The substantive criminal law...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Shock Probation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

44. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Shock Incarceration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

45. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Society expects them to be criminals
18
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

46. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Make-believe family
Summer
Social agent
Substantive Rights

47. Concurrent Jursidiction
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The local police

48. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

49. Determinate Sentencing
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
A fixed term of incarceration
Maximum-Security

50. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Higher
Highway Patrol
Society expects them to be criminals
Property crimes

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