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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The FBI
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

2. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Enter a plea
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Highway Patrol

3. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Parole
Increasing

4. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Minimum-Security Prison
Probation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Assembly line

5. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Intermediate Sanctions
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Sentence served one after another
Enter a plea

6. Trial Process
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Obstacle course

7. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Enter a plea

8. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The views of powerful elites in society
Anger Managment
Forfeiture

9. Mandatory Sentence
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

10. Bench Trial
Community Service Restitution
Trial by a judge without jury
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
A fixed term of incarceration

11. Miranda Rights...
Work Release
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

12. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

13. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Prison
Make-believe family
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

14. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Shock Probation

15. Capital Punishment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
nolle prosequi
Self-incrimination

16. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Social agent
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Shock Incarceration

17. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Private attorneys
Diversion
Total Instutution

18. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Anger Managment
The views of powerful elites in society

19. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Minimum-Security Prison

20. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Substantive Rights
Minimum-Security Prison
A fixed term of incarceration
Property crimes

21. Right to public trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

22. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Property crimes
Recoupment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Summer

23. What are characteristics of inmates
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
nolle prosequi
Young - male - minority - poor
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

24. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Fine
Obstacle course
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

25. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
18

26. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Were considered highly educated in their time period
18

27. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Total Instutution
Probation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Community Treatment

28. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Intake
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

29. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Pennsylvania System
Young - male - minority - poor
Parole
Furlough

30. Concurrent Sentence
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Indigent Defendant

31. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Public Defender
Diversion
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

32. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Furlough
Marriage

33. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

34. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Community Treatment
Fine
Penitentiary House
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

35. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Public Defender
About 10 felony arrests per month
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Assembly line

36. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Boot Camp
Highway Patrol
Subpoena
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

37. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

38. Right to compulsory process
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Obstacle course
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Increasing

39. The sentence
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

40. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Forfeiture
Intake
90%

41. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Shock Incarceration
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

42. Motion for a direct verdict
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Minimum-Security Prison
Community Treatment

43. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
18
Anger Managment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

44. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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45. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Defense Attorney
Increasing

46. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Obstacle course
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

47. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Property crimes
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Went down steadily
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

48. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Established customs and traditions

49. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Subpoena
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
16

50. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Social agent
Trial by a judge without jury

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