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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Property crimes
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Jail
90%

2. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Maximum-Security
Marriage
Enter a plea
Grand Jury

3. Three Strikes Law
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
nolle prosequi
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

4. Duties of probation officers
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Assembly line

5. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
House Arrest
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Penitentiary House

6. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Shock Probation
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

7. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Recoupment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

8. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

9. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Maximum-Security
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

10. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Higher
Revocation

11. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Minimum-Security Prison
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Trial by a judge without jury

12. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Fine
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Society expects them to be criminals

13. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Make-believe family
New York (Auburn) System

14. Concurrent Jursidiction
Restorative Justice
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Boot Camp

15. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Substantive Rights
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

16. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Restorative Justice
16
Boot Camp

17. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Self-defense and insanity
Jail
Day Fees
Make-believe family

18. Verdict
Penitentiary House
Assembly line
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

19. The sentence
Community Service Restitution
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

20. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Intake
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Young - male - minority - poor

21. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Work Release
Intermediate Sanctions

22. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Maximum-Security
Prison
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

23. Evidentiary Standard
Day Fees
90%
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

24. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Halfway House
Pennsylvania System

25. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Substantive Rights

26. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Maximum-Security
Probation

27. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Jail
Indigent Defendant
New York (Auburn) System
Forfeiture

28. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
A fixed term of incarceration
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Minimum-Security Prison
Increasing

29. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Private attorneys
Anger Managment

30. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Recoupment
Revocation

31. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Substantive Rights
Diversion
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

32. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Pre-Sentence Investigation
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
House Arrest

33. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Established customs and traditions
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
A crime that is considered especially immoral

34. Alternative Correctional Institution
Maximum-Security
About 10 felony arrests per month
Defense Attorney
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

35. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Make-believe family
Forfeiture
The procedural criminal law

36. Mandatory Sentence
Halfway House
Intake
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

37. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Intermediate Sanctions
Fine
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

38. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
About 10 felony arrests per month
Maximum-Security
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

39. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Day Fees
Grand Jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

40. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Furlough
Pennsylvania System
90%
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

41. Peremptory Challenge
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
New York (Auburn) System
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

42. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Obstacle course
1.4 million
The place and its charecteristics

43. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Probation Rules

44. Right to speedy trial
Public Defender
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

45. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Sentence served simultaneously
Were considered highly educated in their time period

46. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
$200 billion
The FBI
The procedural criminal law

47. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Diversion
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

48. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Anger Managment
Parole

49. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Increasing
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

50. What are characteristics of inmates
The FBI
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The procedural criminal law
Young - male - minority - poor