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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Halfway House
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Diversion

2. Motion for a direct verdict
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Sentence served one after another
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

3. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Established customs and traditions
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Pennsylvania System
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

4. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Test for one's competents to stand trial
18
Trial by a judge without jury

5. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Revocation
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

6. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
House Arrest
Grand Jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

7. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

8. Status Offenders
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Restorative Justice
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

9. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Day Fees
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

10. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Intermediate Sanctions
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Should treat people of different classes equitably

11. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Parole
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

12. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The U.S. Marshall
The local police
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

13. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Highway Patrol
The place and its charecteristics

14. Models of sentencing
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

15. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Self-incrimination
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The views of powerful elites in society

16. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Obstacle course
Recoupment

17. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Pre-Sentence Investigation

18. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Work Release
18
Anger Managment

19. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Maximum-Security
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

20. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Shock Probation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Marriage

21. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

22. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
About 10 felony arrests per month
The place and its charecteristics

23. Good time
Went down steadily
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Probation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

24. Challenged for cause
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
House Arrest

25. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Private attorneys
New York (Auburn) System
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

26. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Assembly line
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
House Arrest

27. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
90%
Shock Probation
7 Million Americans
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

28. Three Strikes Law
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

29. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

30. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Prison
Young - male - minority - poor
The procedural criminal law
Self-incrimination

31. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Sentence served simultaneously

32. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Recoupment
18
Diversion

33. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

34. Problem of Re-entry
Shock Incarceration
Halfway House
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Went down steadily

35. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Forfeiture
Defense Attorney
The local police

36. Bench Trial
Day Fees
Trial by a judge without jury
Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

37. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The U.S. Marshall
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Anger Managment

38. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Probation Rules
7 Million Americans
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The views of powerful elites in society

39. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Probation Rules
Forfeiture
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Minimum-Security Prison

40. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Recoupment

41. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
New York (Auburn) System
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

42. Concurrent Sentence
Went down steadily
Boot Camp
Sentence served simultaneously
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

43. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Shock Incarceration
Property crimes
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

44. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Fine
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

45. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
About 10 felony arrests per month
The local police

46. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Grand Jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1.4 million

47. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Shock Incarceration
Restorative Justice
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

48. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Shock Probation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

49. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
16
Day Fees

50. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
nolle prosequi
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors