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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Argument against the Death Penalty
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Fine

2. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

3. Bench Trial
Anger Managment
Trial by a judge without jury
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Defense Attorney

4. Right to confront witnesses
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Indigent Defendant
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

5. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Penitentiary House
Society expects them to be criminals
Super Maximum-Security Prison
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

6. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

7. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
16
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Jail

8. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

9. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1.4 million
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Shock Probation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

10. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

11. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Probation Rules
Should treat people of different classes equitably
7 Million Americans

12. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

13. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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14. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

15. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Obstacle course
Public Defender
Boot Camp

16. Judicial Waiver
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Subpoena
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

17. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
90%
The FBI
Sentence served one after another

18. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Defense Attorney
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

19. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Restitution
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

20. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The procedural criminal law
1.4 million
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

21. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Work Release
Boot Camp
1.4 million
Recoupment

22. Truth in Sentencing
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Pennsylvania System
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

23. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Halfway House
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1.4 million

24. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

25. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Shock Probation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Obstacle course
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

26. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
A crime that is considered especially immoral
nolle prosequi

27. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
18
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Recoupment
Work Release

28. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Went down steadily
The local police

29. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Private attorneys
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Should treat people of different classes equitably

30. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

31. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Marriage
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

32. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Intermediate Sanctions
Shock Probation
90%
Revocation

33. Three Strikes Law
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

34. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Went down steadily
Highway Patrol
The U.S. Marshall

35. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Enter a plea

36. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Higher
Established customs and traditions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Super Maximum-Security Prison

37. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
90%
Jail
Established customs and traditions

38. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

39. Women Imprisoned
7 Million Americans
90%
Intermediate Sanctions
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

40. Goals of Punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Were considered highly educated in their time period

41. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The local police
Penitentiary House
Pennsylvania System

42. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Private attorneys
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The local police
The FBI

43. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The local police
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

44. Good time
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

45. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Grand Jury

46. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
The FBI
Probation Rules
Boot Camp
Work Release

47. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Probation Rules
New York (Auburn) System
Halfway House
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

48. Competent Standard

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49. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Society expects them to be criminals
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Self-defense and insanity

50. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence