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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

2. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1.4 million
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

3. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Furlough
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Halfway House
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

4. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Grand Jury
About 10 felony arrests per month
Shock Probation
Minimum-Security Prison

5. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Self-defense and insanity
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

6. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Sentence served one after another
Went down steadily
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

7. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Obstacle course
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The FBI
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

8. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Society expects them to be criminals

9. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
The local police
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

10. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Subpoena
Restorative Justice
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The FBI

11. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Pennsylvania System
Fine

12. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
18
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
16
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

13. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

14. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Fine
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

15. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Grand Jury
Penitentiary House
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

16. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Revocation
Went down steadily
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

17. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Jail
Substantive Rights
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

18. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

19. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Sentence served one after another
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Society expects them to be criminals

20. Probation failure correlates to...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

21. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Young - male - minority - poor
The local police
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

22. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Social agent
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Prison
Highway Patrol

23. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Work Release
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Subpoena
Pennsylvania System

24. Peremptory Challenge
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Subpoena

25. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Halfway House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Prison

26. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Summer
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

27. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Minimum-Security Prison
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
90%

28. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Anger Managment
Day Fees
Minimum-Security Prison

29. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Furlough
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

30. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Highway Patrol
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

31. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Halfway House

32. Mandatory Sentence
Obstacle course
The procedural criminal law
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

33. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

34. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The U.S. Marshall
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

35. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Enter a plea

36. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Higher
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

37. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Established customs and traditions
Marriage
Society expects them to be criminals

38. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Indigent Defendant

39. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Pennsylvania System
Shock Incarceration
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Grand Jury

40. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Test for one's competents to stand trial
90%
Enter a plea

41. Delinquents
Assembly line
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Revocation
Probation Rules

42. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Prison
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
About 10 felony arrests per month

43. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

44. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Assembly line
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Sentence served simultaneously

45. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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46. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Summer
A crime that is considered especially immoral
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Day Fees

47. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Social agent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

48. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

49. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Recoupment

50. Status Offenders
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
18
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas