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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
16
Sentence served simultaneously
Boot Camp
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

2. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Summer
Probation Rules
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

3. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Higher
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

4. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Sentence served one after another
Trial by a judge without jury
Enter a plea

5. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Minimum-Security Prison
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Make-believe family
Jail

6. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The U.S. Marshall
The local police
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Total Instutution

7. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Maximum-Security
The U.S. Marshall
18
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

8. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Community Treatment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

9. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
18
1.4 million
Shock Incarceration
Increasing

10. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Total Instutution
Fine
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

11. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Fine
Furlough
Enter a plea
Sentence served simultaneously

12. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
nolle prosequi
A crime that is considered especially immoral

13. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Minimum-Security Prison
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Forfeiture
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

14. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Shock Probation
Revocation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

15. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Probation Rules
Maximum-Security
18

16. Status Offenders
90%
Total Instutution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The U.S. Marshall

17. Right to speedy trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Minimum-Security Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

18. Women Imprisoned
Assembly line
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

19. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Self-defense and insanity
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

20. Right to compulsory process
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
18

21. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
A fixed term of incarceration
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

22. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Work Release
Anger Managment
Public Defender
Boot Camp

23. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
The place and its charecteristics
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
7 Million Americans

24. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Intake
Pennsylvania System
Self-incrimination
Should treat people of different classes equitably

25. What are characteristics of inmates
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Young - male - minority - poor

26. Consecutive sentence
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Sentence served one after another
Recoupment

27. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Marriage
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Society expects them to be criminals
Self-incrimination

28. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Anger Managment

29. The sentence
Forfeiture
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

30. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Marriage

31. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Intermediate Sanctions
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

32. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Shock Incarceration
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The local police
Fine

33. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Make-believe family
Restitution

34. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Diversion
Total Instutution

35. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served one after another
Self-incrimination
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

36. Trial Process
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Penitentiary House
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

37. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Public Defender
Trial by a judge without jury
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The U.S. Marshall

38. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Sentence served simultaneously
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

39. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Intermediate Sanctions
Shock Probation
Grand Jury

40. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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41. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Assembly line
Community Treatment
Boot Camp

42. Right to counsel
Minimum-Security Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Obstacle course

43. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Furlough
18
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

44. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Self-incrimination
Recoupment
Defense Attorney
Fine

45. Indeterminate Sentencing
The views of powerful elites in society
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

46. Miranda Rights...
Total Instutution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The U.S. Marshall
Super Maximum-Security Prison

47. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

48. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Increasing
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Were considered highly educated in their time period

49. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
New York (Auburn) System
Halfway House
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Work Release

50. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Boot Camp
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Highway Patrol
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates