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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
90%
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

2. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
The FBI
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

3. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Restitution
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Probation Rules

4. Right to be competent at trail

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5. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

6. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Young - male - minority - poor
1.4 million
nolle prosequi

7. Indeterminate Sentencing
Substantive Rights
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Penitentiary House
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

8. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
nolle prosequi
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Society expects them to be criminals
Diversion

9. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

10. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
90%
Work Release
1.4 million

11. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Work Release
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Enter a plea
Trial by a judge without jury

12. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Recoupment
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

13. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Grand Jury
Halfway House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

14. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

15. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

16. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
$200 billion
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Went down steadily

17. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Increasing

18. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Probation Rules
A crime that is considered especially immoral

19. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Diversion
Penitentiary House

20. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Society expects them to be criminals
Boot Camp
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Penitentiary House

21. Evidentiary Standard
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

22. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
The U.S. Marshall
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Probation

23. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Sentence served simultaneously
Parole

24. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Intermediate Sanctions
Young - male - minority - poor
Shock Incarceration
Recoupment

25. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
The FBI
Halfway House
Parole
Probation

26. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Marriage
Enter a plea
Intermediate Sanctions
The FBI

27. Problems of Parole
Highway Patrol
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Society expects them to be criminals

28. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Boot Camp
Pennsylvania System
The procedural criminal law

29. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Pre-Sentence Investigation
House Arrest
Probation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

30. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
90%
Maximum-Security
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

31. Determinate Sentencing
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Diversion
A fixed term of incarceration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

32. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Penitentiary House
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Indigent Defendant

33. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Work Release
Forfeiture

34. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Make-believe family
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

35. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
18
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Maximum-Security

36. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Probation Rules
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The U.S. Marshall

37. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

38. Status Offenders
Trial by a judge without jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Highway Patrol
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

39. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

40. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Prison
1.4 million
A crime that is considered especially immoral
18

41. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Pennsylvania System
Assembly line

42. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Pennsylvania System
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

43. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Young - male - minority - poor
Community Service Restitution
Test for one's competents to stand trial

44. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Indigent Defendant
Public Defender
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

45. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

46. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
The U.S. Marshall
Substantive Rights
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

47. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
New York (Auburn) System
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

48. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Shock Probation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Defense Attorney

49. Right to an impartial jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Higher
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

50. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Fine
Maximum-Security
Pennsylvania System