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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Increasing
Recoupment
The place and its charecteristics
Pennsylvania System

2. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Higher
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

3. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
nolle prosequi
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

4. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Indigent Defendant
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

5. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Private attorneys

6. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
House Arrest
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

7. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
About 10 felony arrests per month
Marriage
Penitentiary House

8. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Community Treatment
Community Service Restitution
Jail

9. Mandatory Sentence
Established customs and traditions
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

10. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Anger Managment
Probation
Super Maximum-Security Prison

11. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
New York (Auburn) System
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

12. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The procedural criminal law
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

13. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

14. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Furlough
Pennsylvania System
Shock Probation

15. Consecutive sentence
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Sentence served one after another
Pre-Sentence Investigation

16. Status Offenders
Self-defense and insanity
Higher
90%
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

17. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

18. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Restorative Justice
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

19. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
New York (Auburn) System
Anger Managment
Restorative Justice
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

20. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Social agent
Highway Patrol
90%

21. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Intake
Halfway House

22. Jury Selection

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23. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Summer
Maximum-Security
About 10 felony arrests per month
Obstacle course

24. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Fine
Pre-Sentence Investigation
About 10 felony arrests per month
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

25. Delinquents
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Self-incrimination
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

26. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Diversion
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

27. Bench Trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Highway Patrol
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Trial by a judge without jury

28. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Highway Patrol
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Make-believe family
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

29. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

30. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
nolle prosequi
7 Million Americans

31. Right to an impartial judge
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

32. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Minimum-Security Prison
The views of powerful elites in society
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

33. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Jail
Social agent
House Arrest

34. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Restorative Justice
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Sentence served one after another

35. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Increasing

36. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Shock Probation
New York (Auburn) System
Private attorneys

37. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
16
Total Instutution
Enter a plea
The FBI

38. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Halfway House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

39. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Restitution
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Intake

40. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Work Release
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The procedural criminal law
Restitution

41. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Obstacle course
Intermediate Sanctions
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Parole

42. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

43. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Grand Jury
Fine
Assembly line
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

44. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

45. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
$200 billion
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
About 10 felony arrests per month

46. Statutory Jurisdiction
Higher
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

47. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The views of powerful elites in society
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

48. What is Duress?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Super Maximum-Security Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

49. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Shock Probation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

50. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
1.4 million
Restitution
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors