Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Work Release
Probation Rules
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

2. Models of sentencing
Day Fees
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Prison
Sentence served simultaneously

3. Jury Selection

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4. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Self-defense and insanity
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Intake

5. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

6. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Grand Jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

7. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The views of powerful elites in society
16
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

8. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Day Fees
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

9. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Sentence served simultaneously
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Community Treatment

10. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

11. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Increasing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

12. What is General Deterrence?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

13. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Defense Attorney
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

14. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Assembly line
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
A crime that is considered especially immoral

15. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Halfway House
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

16. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Established customs and traditions
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Increasing

17. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Defense Attorney
The views of powerful elites in society
Established customs and traditions
The local police

18. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
New York (Auburn) System
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

19. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
18

20. The substantive criminal law...
Minimum-Security Prison
7 Million Americans
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

21. Probation failure correlates to...
Penitentiary House
Work Release
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

22. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Established customs and traditions
Young - male - minority - poor

23. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Total Instutution
Furlough
Diversion
Obstacle course

24. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
House Arrest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Fine

25. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Restitution
Intermediate Sanctions

26. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Diversion
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

27. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Social agent
Intermediate Sanctions

28. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Enter a plea
Established customs and traditions

29. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Parole
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Revocation

30. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Boot Camp
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The views of powerful elites in society
Parole

31. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Jail
18
Summer

32. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Halfway House

33. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
$200 billion
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Prison

34. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Work Release
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

35. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Fine
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Grand Jury
Intake

36. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

37. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Community Service Restitution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

38. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Substantive Rights
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

39. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
nolle prosequi
Increasing
Fine
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

40. Goals of Punishment
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Work Release
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

41. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The local police
Higher
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

42. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Self-incrimination
Super Maximum-Security Prison

43. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

44. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Total Instutution
Defense Attorney
The procedural criminal law
Intake

45. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
18
Restorative Justice
Sentence served one after another
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

46. What is Duress?
Marriage
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

47. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

48. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Fine
New York (Auburn) System
Anger Managment

49. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Substantive Rights
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Summer
Day Fees