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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Probation
Fine
Anger Managment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

2. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Trial by a judge without jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

3. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Revocation
Parole
Shock Incarceration
Test for one's competents to stand trial

4. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Young - male - minority - poor
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1.4 million

5. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1.4 million
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

6. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Summer
The FBI
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

7. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Anger Managment
Community Treatment
Test for one's competents to stand trial

8. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

9. Right to speedy trial
Total Instutution
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

10. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Defense Attorney
Subpoena
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Day Fees

11. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
The views of powerful elites in society
18
Indigent Defendant
Intake

12. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
House Arrest
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Grand Jury
Indigent Defendant

13. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Fine
7 Million Americans
The U.S. Marshall

14. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
90%
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Shock Probation

15. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Pennsylvania System
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

16. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
$200 billion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

17. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Assembly line
Young - male - minority - poor
Total Instutution
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

18. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Work Release
Intake
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

19. Concurrent Sentence
Make-believe family
Sentence served simultaneously
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

20. Alternative Correctional Institution
Young - male - minority - poor
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

21. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Forfeiture
nolle prosequi

22. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Diversion
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

23. Right to counsel
Were considered highly educated in their time period
A fixed term of incarceration
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

24. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Marriage
Penitentiary House
Fine
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

25. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
House Arrest
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Should treat people of different classes equitably

26. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

27. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Self-defense and insanity
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

28. Probation failure correlates to...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The procedural criminal law
$200 billion
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

29. Right to an impartial jury
The U.S. Marshall
Total Instutution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

30. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
$200 billion
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Summer

31. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defense Attorney
Intermediate Sanctions

32. Right to be competent at trail

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33. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Subpoena
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
nolle prosequi

34. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Intake

35. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
The local police
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Public Defender

36. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Subpoena
Recoupment
Trial by a judge without jury

37. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

38. Right to confront witnesses
Society expects them to be criminals
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The FBI
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

39. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Revocation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

40. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

41. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Were considered highly educated in their time period
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Public Defender

42. Competent Standard

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43. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
The U.S. Marshall
Forfeiture
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Revocation

44. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Marriage
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Diversion

45. Trial Process
Pennsylvania System
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

46. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Community Service Restitution
Enter a plea
Should treat people of different classes equitably

47. Judicial Waiver
Summer
Went down steadily
Property crimes
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

48. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Grand Jury
7 Million Americans
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

49. Statutory Jurisdiction
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The local police
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

50. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Grand Jury
The place and its charecteristics
Diversion
Minimum-Security Prison