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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Competent Standard

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2. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Self-defense and insanity
nolle prosequi

3. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Social agent
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Sentence served one after another
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

4. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The local police
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

5. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Substantive Rights
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation

6. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Prison
Enter a plea
Private attorneys
The views of powerful elites in society

7. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Young - male - minority - poor
Self-incrimination
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

8. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
A crime that is considered especially immoral
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

9. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Fine
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Diversion

10. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Went down steadily

11. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Test for one's competents to stand trial
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

12. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Sentence served simultaneously
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Defense Attorney
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

13. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
House Arrest
Revocation
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

14. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The local police
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

15. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Self-defense and insanity
Grand Jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Day Fees

16. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Community Service Restitution
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

17. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Minimum-Security Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Self-defense and insanity
Went down steadily

18. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

19. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Community Treatment
Community Service Restitution
Society expects them to be criminals
Shock Probation

20. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Summer

21. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Halfway House
Increasing
Marriage
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

22. Verdict
Obstacle course
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

23. Probation failure correlates to...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Probation Rules

24. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Diversion
Private attorneys
Community Service Restitution
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

25. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Substantive Rights
Self-defense and insanity
Shock Incarceration
1.4 million

26. Jury Selection

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27. Status Offenders
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Increasing
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

28. Right to confront witnesses
18
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

29. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Make-believe family
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Obstacle course

30. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
A fixed term of incarceration
The procedural criminal law
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Parole

31. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Penitentiary House
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The views of powerful elites in society

32. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Fine
90%
Anger Managment
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

33. Peremptory Challenge
Summer
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

34. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
16
Make-believe family

35. Problems of Parole
7 Million Americans
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established customs and traditions
Grand Jury

36. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Self-defense and insanity
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

37. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Forfeiture

38. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
7 Million Americans
16
Established customs and traditions

39. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Test for one's competents to stand trial
House Arrest

40. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The place and its charecteristics
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

41. Models of sentencing
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

42. Right to an impartial jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
7 Million Americans
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Society expects them to be criminals

43. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Work Release
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Young - male - minority - poor
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

44. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Marriage
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

45. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The local police
Highway Patrol
The FBI
Subpoena

46. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Trial by a judge without jury

47. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Community Service Restitution
Diversion
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Furlough

48. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Work Release
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

49. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
The views of powerful elites in society
Intermediate Sanctions
Sentence served simultaneously
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

50. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Substantive Rights
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.