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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The FBI
Restorative Justice

2. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Grand Jury
16
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Prison

3. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Sentence served one after another
Higher
Shock Probation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

4. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Social agent
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Enter a plea

5. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Parole
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Anger Managment
Intermediate Sanctions

6. Three Strikes Law
Work Release
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Pennsylvania System
nolle prosequi

7. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Day Fees
nolle prosequi
Anger Managment

8. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Pennsylvania System
Probation
Restorative Justice

9. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Sentence served one after another
Shock Incarceration
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

10. Indeterminate Sentencing
Work Release
Make-believe family
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

11. Women Imprisoned
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Pennsylvania System
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

12. Right to an impartial jury
Community Service Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Restorative Justice

13. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Grand Jury
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

14. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-defense and insanity

15. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Self-incrimination
Community Treatment
Established customs and traditions

16. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Minimum-Security Prison
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Society expects them to be criminals
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

17. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Restorative Justice
$200 billion
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

18. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Work Release
Property crimes
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
House Arrest

19. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Penitentiary House
90%
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

20. Consecutive sentence
Make-believe family
Sentence served one after another
Higher
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

21. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Halfway House
Society expects them to be criminals
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

22. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Subpoena
Minimum-Security Prison
Fine

23. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Defense Attorney

24. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Maximum-Security
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

25. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Society expects them to be criminals
Prison

26. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Shock Incarceration
The FBI

27. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Subpoena

28. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

29. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The place and its charecteristics
Obstacle course
90%

30. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Work Release
The FBI
About 10 felony arrests per month
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

31. Right to compulsory process
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

32. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Parole
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Total Instutution

33. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

34. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

35. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
1.4 million
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The procedural criminal law
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

36. Problems of Parole
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

37. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Pennsylvania System
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Were considered highly educated in their time period

38. Peremptory Challenge
Anger Managment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Day Fees

39. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Trial by a judge without jury
Indigent Defendant

40. Determinate Sentencing
Restitution
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A fixed term of incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

41. Judicial Waiver
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Trial by a judge without jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

42. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Minimum-Security Prison
Trial by a judge without jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

43. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Recoupment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

44. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Obstacle course
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The local police

45. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Maximum-Security
Furlough
Shock Incarceration
A fixed term of incarceration

46. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Obstacle course

47. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Sentence served one after another
Minimum-Security Prison
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

48. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
New York (Auburn) System
Assembly line
Summer
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

49. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Trial by a judge without jury
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Pennsylvania System

50. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Assembly line