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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Concurrent Sentence
Intermediate Sanctions
Sentence served simultaneously
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

2. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Private attorneys
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

3. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Increasing
Assembly line
Self-incrimination
Property crimes

4. Right to compulsory process
Young - male - minority - poor
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Sentence served one after another

5. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Went down steadily
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Probation Rules
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

6. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Substantive Rights
Day Fees

7. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Increasing
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

8. Alternative Correctional Institution
Restitution
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

9. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Total Instutution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

10. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

11. Consecutive sentence
Pre-Sentence Investigation
New York (Auburn) System
Boot Camp
Sentence served one after another

12. Women Imprisoned
Fine
Parole
Prison
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

13. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Self-defense and insanity
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Penitentiary House

14. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Property crimes
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Work Release
Grand Jury

15. Concurrent Jursidiction
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Maximum-Security
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

16. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Make-believe family
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

17. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
The FBI
Furlough
Day Fees

18. Right to public trial
Self-defense and insanity
Society expects them to be criminals
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

19. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Sentence served one after another
Established customs and traditions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Highway Patrol

20. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Enter a plea
About 10 felony arrests per month
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

21. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Work Release
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

22. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
18
Day Fees
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

23. Right to an impartial judge
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Boot Camp
18
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

24. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

25. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Social agent

26. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Grand Jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Forfeiture

27. Challenged for cause
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
New York (Auburn) System

28. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Intermediate Sanctions

29. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

30. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Assembly line
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Penitentiary House
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

31. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Higher
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Day Fees
Revocation

32. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Parole
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Anger Managment

33. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

34. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Community Treatment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Probation Rules
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

35. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
The procedural criminal law
Indigent Defendant
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

36. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Increasing
Restorative Justice
7 Million Americans

37. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

38. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
A fixed term of incarceration
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Established customs and traditions

39. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Day Fees
The place and its charecteristics
Revocation

40. Problems of Parole
The U.S. Marshall
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

41. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
7 Million Americans
Self-incrimination
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

42. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Established customs and traditions
Super Maximum-Security Prison

43. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Day Fees
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The procedural criminal law

44. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Fine
The FBI
A fixed term of incarceration

45. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
The place and its charecteristics
Diversion
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Revocation

46. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
18
Intake
Higher
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

47. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Restorative Justice
Halfway House

48. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Anger Managment
New York (Auburn) System
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Society expects them to be criminals

49. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
$200 billion
The place and its charecteristics
Probation

50. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Public Defender