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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The sentence
Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

2. Goals of Punishment
Parole
Penitentiary House
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Revocation

3. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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4. What is General Deterrence?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Probation

5. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Anger Managment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

6. Evidentiary Standard
16
Sentence served one after another
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Make-believe family

7. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Furlough
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family

8. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

9. Jury Selection

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10. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Intermediate Sanctions

11. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Fine
Community Service Restitution
Highway Patrol

12. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Property crimes
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The procedural criminal law

13. Challenged for cause
Property crimes
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Trial by a judge without jury

14. Mandatory Sentence
Prison
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Self-incrimination

15. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Sentence served simultaneously
Minimum-Security Prison
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

16. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Shock Probation
Trial by a judge without jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
90%

17. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

18. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Shock Incarceration
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

19. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
The local police
Furlough
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

20. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
7 Million Americans

21. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Established customs and traditions
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

22. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Restorative Justice
Probation
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Should treat people of different classes equitably

23. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Highway Patrol

24. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Went down steadily
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

25. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The FBI
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Shock Incarceration

26. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Self-defense and insanity
18

27. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Minimum-Security Prison
Community Service Restitution

28. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Total Instutution
Obstacle course

29. Right to confront witnesses
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Enter a plea
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

30. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Intake
Parole

31. Right to an impartial judge
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
16
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Enter a plea

32. Trial Process
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Anger Managment
18

33. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The views of powerful elites in society

34. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Parole
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

35. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

36. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Jail
Substantive Rights
Boot Camp

37. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Revocation
Shock Incarceration
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The FBI

38. Verdict
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Penitentiary House
The place and its charecteristics
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

39. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Trial by a judge without jury
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Penitentiary House

40. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Defense Attorney
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Recoupment

41. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
New York (Auburn) System
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Social agent

42. Right to public trial
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Community Treatment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

43. Judicial Waiver
Halfway House
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

44. Delinquents
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The place and its charecteristics
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

45. Problems of Parole
Probation Rules
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
$200 billion

46. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Substantive Rights
Make-believe family

47. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Diversion
Increasing

48. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Defense Attorney
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

49. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Work Release
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

50. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Trial by a judge without jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
7 Million Americans
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

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