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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Pennsylvania System
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
90%
New York (Auburn) System

2. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Revocation

3. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
18
Indigent Defendant
Increasing

4. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Went down steadily
Test for one's competents to stand trial
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

5. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Private attorneys
Higher
The place and its charecteristics
nolle prosequi

6. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Sentence served simultaneously
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Maximum-Security
Work Release

7. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Increasing
Went down steadily
nolle prosequi

8. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

9. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Self-defense and insanity
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

10. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Penitentiary House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Intermediate Sanctions

11. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
New York (Auburn) System
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Restorative Justice

12. Alternative Correctional Institution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The place and its charecteristics
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

13. Verdict
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
House Arrest

14. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Higher
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
About 10 felony arrests per month

15. The sentence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Fine
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

16. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Public Defender
Indigent Defendant
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

17. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
nolle prosequi
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Maximum-Security
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

18. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Private attorneys
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The FBI
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

19. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Pre-Sentence Investigation

20. Statutory Jurisdiction
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Subpoena
Anger Managment

21. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
About 10 felony arrests per month
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

22. Delinquents
Probation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

23. Right to speedy trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Social agent
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

24. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Marriage
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

25. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Community Service Restitution
Maximum-Security
Sentence served simultaneously
Marriage

26. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
90%

27. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Super Maximum-Security Prison

28. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Super Maximum-Security Prison

29. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Shock Incarceration
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The FBI

30. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The local police
Revocation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

31. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Trial by a judge without jury
1.4 million
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

32. Status Offenders
Total Instutution
Property crimes
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

33. Challenged for cause
Penitentiary House
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
House Arrest
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

34. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
7 Million Americans
Penitentiary House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

35. Right to compulsory process
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Private attorneys

36. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Grand Jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

37. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Sentence served simultaneously
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

38. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Self-incrimination
Halfway House
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

39. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Went down steadily
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Parole

40. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Shock Incarceration
The FBI

41. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Penitentiary House
House Arrest

42. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Summer
Recoupment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

43. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The U.S. Marshall
1.4 million

44. Concurrent Jursidiction
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Shock Probation
Established customs and traditions
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

45. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
nolle prosequi

46. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Fine
Halfway House

47. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Halfway House
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
nolle prosequi

48. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Recoupment
Obstacle course
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

49. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Social agent

50. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Property crimes
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Halfway House
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

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