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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
7 Million Americans

2. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Subpoena
Defense Attorney

3. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Established customs and traditions
Forfeiture
Day Fees

4. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Jail

5. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Jail
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
$200 billion

6. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Went down steadily

7. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Highway Patrol
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Diversion

8. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The U.S. Marshall
The views of powerful elites in society

9. Concurrent Sentence
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The views of powerful elites in society
House Arrest
Sentence served simultaneously

10. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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11. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
New York (Auburn) System
Established customs and traditions
18

12. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Summer

13. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

14. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Revocation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Halfway House
Higher

15. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Self-defense and insanity
Probation
Penitentiary House
Revocation

16. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Make-believe family
Established customs and traditions
18
Self-incrimination

17. The sentence
Pre-Sentence Investigation
90%
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The FBI

18. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
The local police
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Revocation

19. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Parole
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

20. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Fine
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

21. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
18
nolle prosequi
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Substantive Rights

22. Miranda Rights...
Minimum-Security Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
House Arrest

23. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
90%
About 10 felony arrests per month
Subpoena

24. Competent Standard

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25. Statutory Jurisdiction
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
90%
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Furlough

26. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Recoupment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

27. Delinquents
$200 billion
Shock Incarceration
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

28. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Diversion
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

29. Jury Selection

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30. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Private attorneys
Defense Attorney
Self-defense and insanity

31. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

32. Argument against the Death Penalty
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Obstacle course
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Private attorneys

33. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

34. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Sentence served one after another
About 10 felony arrests per month
Indigent Defendant

35. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Assembly line
7 Million Americans
Property crimes

36. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The U.S. Marshall
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

37. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

38. Peremptory Challenge
Sentence served one after another
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The local police

39. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Trial by a judge without jury
Probation
Community Treatment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

40. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

41. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
7 Million Americans
The place and its charecteristics
Pennsylvania System
Summer

42. Judicial Waiver
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Young - male - minority - poor
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

43. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Sentence served one after another
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

44. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Grand Jury
Fine
Established customs and traditions

45. Indeterminate Sentencing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served simultaneously
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

46. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
A fixed term of incarceration
Maximum-Security
Substantive Rights
Total Instutution

47. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Highway Patrol
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Society expects them to be criminals

48. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Community Treatment
Defense Attorney
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Intermediate Sanctions

49. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The views of powerful elites in society
Established customs and traditions
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

50. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Maximum-Security

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Criminal Justice

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