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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Fine
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

2. The sentence
Jail
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

3. Women Imprisoned
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Established customs and traditions
Property crimes
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

4. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Defense Attorney
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Jail

5. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Higher
Jail

6. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Grand Jury
Pre-Sentence Investigation
16

7. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Maximum-Security
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

8. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

9. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Went down steadily
16
Self-incrimination

10. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Marriage

11. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Increasing
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Prison

12. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Fine
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Day Fees

13. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The FBI
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

14. Miranda Rights...
The U.S. Marshall
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
New York (Auburn) System
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

15. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Grand Jury
Society expects them to be criminals
Summer
Probation

16. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Shock Probation
Probation Rules

17. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1.4 million
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Diversion

18. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Self-defense and insanity
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

19. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
18
Went down steadily
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

20. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Probation
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

21. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

22. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Sentence served simultaneously
Penitentiary House
Community Service Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral

23. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
New York (Auburn) System

24. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Social agent
Work Release
Public Defender

25. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Diversion
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

26. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Prison
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

27. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Boot Camp
Substantive Rights
Probation Rules
Self-incrimination

28. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The views of powerful elites in society
Anger Managment

29. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Grand Jury

30. Peremptory Challenge
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Indigent Defendant
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

31. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
1.4 million
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Probation Rules

32. Right to be competent at trail
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Sentence served one after another
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

33. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Subpoena
Summer
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The U.S. Marshall

34. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Day Fees
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Grand Jury

35. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
7 Million Americans

36. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Substantive Rights
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

37. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Property crimes
Total Instutution

38. The substantive criminal law...
Marriage
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

39. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Grand Jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The views of powerful elites in society
Property crimes

40. What is General Deterrence?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Property crimes
Young - male - minority - poor

41. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Recoupment
Penitentiary House
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

42. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Furlough
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
90%
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

43. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Public Defender
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Highway Patrol

44. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Property crimes
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Marriage

45. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Indigent Defendant

46. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Probation
Substantive Rights
Private attorneys
Anger Managment

47. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Intake
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

48. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Diversion
Parole
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

49. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Obstacle course
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Jail
Forfeiture

50. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
The procedural criminal law
Anger Managment
Revocation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

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Criminal Justice

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