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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Mandatory Sentence
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
A fixed term of incarceration

2. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Fine

3. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Indigent Defendant
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

4. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Intermediate Sanctions
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Recoupment

5. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Assembly line
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

6. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Jail
A fixed term of incarceration
Total Instutution

7. Trial Process
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Furlough

8. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
The local police
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

9. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Prison
Public Defender
nolle prosequi
The place and its charecteristics

10. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

11. What is General Deterrence?
Shock Probation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

12. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Shock Incarceration
Restorative Justice
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Probation

13. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

14. Motion for a direct verdict
Intermediate Sanctions
Defense Attorney
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Indigent Defendant

15. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
90%
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Went down steadily

16. Right to an impartial judge
18
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Pennsylvania System

17. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Intermediate Sanctions
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

18. Determinate Sentencing
Highway Patrol
A fixed term of incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

19. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Defense Attorney

20. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

21. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Assembly line
The local police
90%
New York (Auburn) System

22. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
7 Million Americans
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Enter a plea
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

23. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Public Defender
Boot Camp
Prison
Social agent

24. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Work Release
The FBI
Society expects them to be criminals
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

25. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The local police
Social agent

26. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Community Treatment

27. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Revocation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

28. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
New York (Auburn) System
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

29. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Day Fees
Social agent
1.4 million
Society expects them to be criminals

30. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Restorative Justice
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
New York (Auburn) System

31. Problems of Parole
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-defense and insanity
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

32. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
House Arrest
Day Fees
The views of powerful elites in society
Community Treatment

33. Probation failure correlates to...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Property crimes
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

34. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Make-believe family
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
A crime that is considered especially immoral

35. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Highway Patrol
Jail

36. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Forfeiture
16
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

37. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Make-believe family
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Summer

38. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Marriage
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Day Fees

39. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Revocation
Marriage
Restorative Justice

40. Right to be competent at trail

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41. Truth in Sentencing
Prison
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Substantive Rights
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

42. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The views of powerful elites in society

43. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Boot Camp
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Intake

44. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Shock Incarceration
Social agent

45. Goals of Punishment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
16
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

46. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Pennsylvania System
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
About 10 felony arrests per month

47. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
$200 billion
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Test for one's competents to stand trial

48. Factors that Influence Sentencing
90%
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Recoupment

49. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Went down steadily
Private attorneys
Highway Patrol

50. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Parole

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