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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Diversion
Day Fees
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

2. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Defense Attorney
Assembly line
Private attorneys

3. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Anger Managment

4. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Substantive Rights
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

5. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
House Arrest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

6. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Increasing
Day Fees

7. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Community Service Restitution

8. What is General Deterrence?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Went down steadily

9. Consecutive sentence
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Sentence served one after another
Summer

10. Goals of Punishment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Shock Probation
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
$200 billion

11. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Minimum-Security Prison

12. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Established customs and traditions
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Pre-Sentence Investigation

13. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
New York (Auburn) System
Pre-Sentence Investigation

14. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Higher
House Arrest
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Boot Camp

15. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Intake
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Private attorneys

16. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The procedural criminal law
Penitentiary House
Shock Incarceration
Property crimes

17. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Trial by a judge without jury

18. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Community Service Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

19. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Indigent Defendant
Make-believe family
Highway Patrol

20. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Pennsylvania System
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

21. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
$200 billion
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

22. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

23. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Property crimes
Intake
nolle prosequi
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

24. The sentence
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The procedural criminal law

25. Competent Standard

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26. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Recoupment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The views of powerful elites in society

27. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Maximum-Security
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Furlough

28. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Forfeiture
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

29. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Increasing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

30. Right to be competent at trail

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31. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Revocation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

32. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
House Arrest
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Sentence served one after another

33. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
nolle prosequi
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

34. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Work Release
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Young - male - minority - poor

35. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Furlough
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Intermediate Sanctions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

36. Right to confront witnesses
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Summer
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

37. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
A fixed term of incarceration
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The local police

38. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Enter a plea
Higher
Boot Camp
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

39. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Penitentiary House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Make-believe family

40. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Enter a plea

41. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Revocation

42. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
New York (Auburn) System
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

43. Right to an impartial judge
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
A fixed term of incarceration
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

44. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The FBI
Private attorneys
Assembly line

45. Bench Trial
Day Fees
90%
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Trial by a judge without jury

46. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Summer
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Prison

47. Right to an impartial jury
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Jail
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

48. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Grand Jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Shock Incarceration

49. Three Strikes Law
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Furlough
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

50. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Highway Patrol
Diversion