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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Society expects them to be criminals
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The U.S. Marshall

2. Determinate Sentencing
The local police
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Private attorneys
A fixed term of incarceration

3. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Assembly line
nolle prosequi
Obstacle course
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

4. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Summer
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

5. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Jail
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The local police
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

6. Right to compulsory process
Diversion
Self-incrimination
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Substantive Rights

7. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
$200 billion
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Grand Jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

8. Status Offenders
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Probation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

9. Truth in Sentencing
House Arrest
Furlough
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

10. What are characteristics of inmates
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
New York (Auburn) System
Private attorneys
Young - male - minority - poor

11. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Furlough
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

12. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Minimum-Security Prison
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

13. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Went down steadily
Prison
Pennsylvania System
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

14. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Self-incrimination
Probation Rules
Assembly line

15. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Minimum-Security Prison

16. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Summer
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

17. Good time
The views of powerful elites in society
$200 billion
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Higher

18. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Grand Jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
The local police

19. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The FBI
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
18

20. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
The place and its charecteristics
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Pennsylvania System

21. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Enter a plea
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

22. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

23. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Self-incrimination
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Revocation

24. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Revocation
Pennsylvania System

25. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
A fixed term of incarceration
Higher
Recoupment
Marriage

26. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Intermediate Sanctions
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

27. Problems of Parole
Higher
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

28. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

29. Jury Selection

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30. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Went down steadily
nolle prosequi

31. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Anger Managment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

32. Right to speedy trial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
7 Million Americans
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

33. Duties of probation officers
Probation
Shock Probation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

34. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Probation Rules

35. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Prison
About 10 felony arrests per month
Trial by a judge without jury
Subpoena

36. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Went down steadily
Established customs and traditions
Grand Jury
The place and its charecteristics

37. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

38. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Community Treatment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

39. Three Strikes Law
Defense Attorney
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
About 10 felony arrests per month
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

40. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Enter a plea
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

41. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Obstacle course
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

42. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Increasing
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

43. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Make-believe family
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

44. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Probation Rules
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The place and its charecteristics

45. Verdict
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

46. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

47. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
The place and its charecteristics
Trial by a judge without jury
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

48. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Increasing
The local police

49. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Self-defense and insanity
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

50. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Statutory requirement - limits judges power