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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
About 10 felony arrests per month
Test for one's competents to stand trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

2. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Parole

3. Challenged for cause
7 Million Americans
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Assembly line
Summer

4. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Make-believe family
Prison
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

5. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Shock Probation
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

6. Right to speedy trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

7. Capital Punishment
A fixed term of incarceration
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

8. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
16
Furlough
Community Treatment

9. Jury Selection

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10. Statutory Jurisdiction
nolle prosequi
Society expects them to be criminals
About 10 felony arrests per month
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

11. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Restorative Justice
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

12. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Shock Probation
Social agent
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

13. Concurrent Jursidiction
Were considered highly educated in their time period
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
About 10 felony arrests per month

14. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intermediate Sanctions
Social agent
1.4 million

15. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Revocation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Prison
Marriage

16. Judicial Waiver
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Established customs and traditions
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

17. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

18. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Halfway House
Sentence served simultaneously
Society expects them to be criminals

19. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The views of powerful elites in society
Self-incrimination
Recoupment

20. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Penitentiary House
Established customs and traditions
Marriage

21. Miranda Rights...
Furlough
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Probation Rules
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

22. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The place and its charecteristics
Anger Managment

23. Women Imprisoned
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

24. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Public Defender
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

25. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Total Instutution
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The place and its charecteristics

26. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
The FBI
Intermediate Sanctions
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

27. Motion for a direct verdict
About 10 felony arrests per month
Halfway House
Intake
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

28. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

29. What is Duress?
The FBI
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

30. Three Strikes Law
Boot Camp
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Shock Probation
Should treat people of different classes equitably

31. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Minimum-Security Prison
Established customs and traditions

32. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Sentence served one after another
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

33. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Subpoena
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

34. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
House Arrest
Furlough
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

35. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Trial by a judge without jury

36. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

37. Alternative Correctional Institution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Marriage
Community Treatment

38. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Went down steadily
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The local police

39. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Private attorneys
Social agent
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

40. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Subpoena
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

41. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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42. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Indigent Defendant
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

43. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Went down steadily
About 10 felony arrests per month
Sentence served one after another
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

44. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Enter a plea

45. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Service Restitution

46. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Summer
Self-incrimination

47. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Minimum-Security Prison
Substantive Rights
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

48. Right to be competent at trail

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49. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

50. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Revocation
Probation
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification