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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
The views of powerful elites in society
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

2. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Community Treatment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

3. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Society expects them to be criminals
Intermediate Sanctions

4. Goals of Punishment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Society expects them to be criminals

5. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Jail
Private attorneys
7 Million Americans

6. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

7. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
About 10 felony arrests per month
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Obstacle course

8. Delinquents
Self-defense and insanity
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The local police
Sentence served one after another

9. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
1.4 million
Higher
Went down steadily
Public Defender

10. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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11. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Make-believe family
18
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

12. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Work Release
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

13. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Furlough
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
$200 billion

14. Determinate Sentencing
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
House Arrest
A fixed term of incarceration
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

15. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Sentence served one after another

16. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The FBI
Marriage

17. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Marriage
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

18. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Fine
Highway Patrol
90%
Probation

19. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Total Instutution
A fixed term of incarceration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

20. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Highway Patrol
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Private attorneys
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

21. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Shock Incarceration
Defense Attorney
Established customs and traditions
The U.S. Marshall

22. Problems of Parole
Social agent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Self-incrimination
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

23. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Indigent Defendant
nolle prosequi
Furlough

24. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Highway Patrol
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

25. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Pennsylvania System
Make-believe family
Furlough

26. Statutory Jurisdiction
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Grand Jury
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

27. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
18

28. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Shock Probation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

29. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Higher
Minimum-Security Prison
Society expects them to be criminals
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

30. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
New York (Auburn) System
The procedural criminal law
Assembly line

31. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Restitution
Day Fees
Halfway House

32. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Minimum-Security Prison
Pennsylvania System
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

33. Right to be competent at trail

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34. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
$200 billion

35. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Prison
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
18

36. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Probation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Assembly line

37. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Substantive Rights
Probation Rules
Enter a plea
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

38. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Day Fees
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

39. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Trial by a judge without jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

40. Good time
The FBI
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
16
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

41. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Society expects them to be criminals
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Anger Managment

42. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Property crimes
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Diversion
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

43. Evidentiary Standard
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Penitentiary House
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The U.S. Marshall

44. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Higher
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

45. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Higher
Shock Incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably

46. Consecutive sentence
Assembly line
$200 billion
Sentence served one after another
Intermediate Sanctions

47. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
7 Million Americans
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

48. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Increasing

49. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
House Arrest
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

50. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The views of powerful elites in society