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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Prison
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Work Release
The place and its charecteristics

2. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Forfeiture

3. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Forfeiture
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

4. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Halfway House
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

5. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Higher
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

6. Trial Process
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The U.S. Marshall
Revocation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

7. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Went down steadily
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

8. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Private attorneys
Increasing
Public Defender

9. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Intake
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

10. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Established customs and traditions
Parole
The U.S. Marshall
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

11. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Defense Attorney
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Higher

12. The substantive criminal law...
Boot Camp
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

13. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Sentence served simultaneously
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The procedural criminal law

14. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Prison
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
About 10 felony arrests per month
Substantive Rights

15. Alternative Correctional Institution
Marriage
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Were considered highly educated in their time period

16. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

17. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Boot Camp
Substantive Rights
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

18. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Super Maximum-Security Prison

19. Truth in Sentencing
Public Defender
Property crimes
Furlough
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

20. Challenged for cause
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Restorative Justice
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

21. Peremptory Challenge
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Society expects them to be criminals
Defense Attorney
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

22. Right to compulsory process
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Anger Managment

23. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Total Instutution
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

24. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Restorative Justice

25. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Social agent
Intake
Substantive Rights

26. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Community Service Restitution
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Increasing
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

27. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
House Arrest
Make-believe family
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

28. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Day Fees
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

29. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Recoupment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

30. Right to counsel
The U.S. Marshall
Fine
18
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

31. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Defense Attorney

32. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

33. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

34. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Trial by a judge without jury
Boot Camp
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

35. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Substantive Rights
Enter a plea
Highway Patrol

36. The sentence
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

37. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Trial by a judge without jury
Shock Incarceration

38. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
7 Million Americans
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

39. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
The procedural criminal law
Minimum-Security Prison
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Total Instutution

40. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Young - male - minority - poor
$200 billion
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

41. Competent Standard
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Highway Patrol
Summer
Furlough

42. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Shock Probation

43. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Recoupment
Higher
Young - male - minority - poor

44. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Forfeiture

45. Motion for a direct verdict
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

46. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Community Service Restitution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The U.S. Marshall
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

47. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The U.S. Marshall
Pennsylvania System

48. Right to public trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Intermediate Sanctions
Went down steadily
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

49. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

50. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

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