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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Bench Trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
18
Shock Probation
Trial by a judge without jury

2. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

3. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Make-believe family
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

4. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Defense Attorney
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

5. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The local police
Work Release

6. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Recoupment
Penitentiary House

7. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
7 Million Americans
Public Defender
Should treat people of different classes equitably

8. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Probation Rules
Young - male - minority - poor
Restorative Justice
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

9. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Social agent
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Self-incrimination
Established customs and traditions

10. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Parole

11. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Substantive Rights
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

12. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Substantive Rights

13. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
The U.S. Marshall
Higher
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

14. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Shock Probation

15. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Highway Patrol

16. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
The place and its charecteristics
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Indigent Defendant
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

17. The substantive criminal law...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Private attorneys
Sentence served one after another

18. The sentence
Halfway House
nolle prosequi
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

19. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Summer
Probation Rules
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
New York (Auburn) System

20. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Sentence served simultaneously
Restitution

21. Good time
Intake
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

22. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Went down steadily
Grand Jury
The FBI

23. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Community Service Restitution

24. Competent Standard

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25. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Property crimes
Halfway House

26. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
New York (Auburn) System
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Substantive Rights
The local police

27. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Jail
Restitution
The procedural criminal law
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

28. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
The place and its charecteristics
Sentence served simultaneously
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

29. Problems of Parole
Self-incrimination
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Jail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

30. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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31. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Society expects them to be criminals
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young - male - minority - poor

32. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Intermediate Sanctions
Society expects them to be criminals
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

33. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1.4 million
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

34. Right to confront witnesses
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

35. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

36. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
90%
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

37. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Probation Rules
7 Million Americans
90%
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

38. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Defense Attorney
Super Maximum-Security Prison
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

39. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Forfeiture
Work Release
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Restitution

40. Status Offenders
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

41. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Self-defense and insanity
Grand Jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

42. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
House Arrest
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Forfeiture

43. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Assembly line
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

44. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Public Defender
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Property crimes

45. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Self-defense and insanity
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

46. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The local police
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Make-believe family

47. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Fine
Sentence served simultaneously
Revocation
Work Release

48. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Public Defender
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Indigent Defendant

49. Concurrent Jursidiction
Shock Incarceration
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Anger Managment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

50. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Society expects them to be criminals
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Summer
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles