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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

2. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Minimum-Security Prison
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

3. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Social agent
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
18

4. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Halfway House
A fixed term of incarceration

5. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Total Instutution
Forfeiture
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Social agent

6. Right to speedy trial
Furlough
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
16

7. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Increasing

8. Verdict
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Self-incrimination
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

9. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Day Fees
Marriage
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Should treat people of different classes equitably

10. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Prison
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Pennsylvania System
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

11. Truth in Sentencing
Social agent
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Anger Managment

12. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Society expects them to be criminals
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

13. Bench Trial
Enter a plea
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

14. Evidentiary Standard
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

15. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Halfway House
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

16. The substantive criminal law...
The procedural criminal law
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Assembly line
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

17. Argument against the Death Penalty
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Grand Jury
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

18. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Public Defender

19. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Community Service Restitution
7 Million Americans

20. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Social agent
New York (Auburn) System
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

21. Status Offenders
Minimum-Security Prison
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
7 Million Americans

22. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Penitentiary House
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Increasing

23. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

24. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Anger Managment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights
Assembly line

25. Competent Standard

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26. Right to public trial
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Young - male - minority - poor
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

27. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
7 Million Americans
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Maximum-Security
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

28. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Indigent Defendant
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

29. Problems of Parole
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Indigent Defendant
Minimum-Security Prison

30. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
90%
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

31. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Defense Attorney
A fixed term of incarceration
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Boot Camp

32. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Boot Camp
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

33. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Trial by a judge without jury
Were considered highly educated in their time period
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Make-believe family

34. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Trial by a judge without jury
The procedural criminal law
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

35. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
New York (Auburn) System
Community Treatment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

36. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Pennsylvania System
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

37. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
90%
Young - male - minority - poor
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

38. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Revocation
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Halfway House
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

39. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Make-believe family
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Probation
Higher

40. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
$200 billion
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The views of powerful elites in society

41. Challenged for cause
Forfeiture
The place and its charecteristics
Super Maximum-Security Prison
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

42. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
7 Million Americans

43. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Highway Patrol
Defense Attorney
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

44. Goals of Punishment
Indigent Defendant
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Test for one's competents to stand trial

45. Jury Selection

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46. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The place and its charecteristics
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Property crimes

47. Mandatory Sentence
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
nolle prosequi
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

48. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Marriage
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

49. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Went down steadily
16
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

50. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Higher