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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
$200 billion
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

2. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Pennsylvania System
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

3. Competent Standard

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4. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Self-defense and insanity
Test for one's competents to stand trial
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The views of powerful elites in society

5. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Intermediate Sanctions

6. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Property crimes
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

7. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Restorative Justice
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Social agent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

8. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Trial by a judge without jury
Sentence served simultaneously
Super Maximum-Security Prison

9. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Probation
Society expects them to be criminals
The place and its charecteristics
New York (Auburn) System

10. Consecutive sentence
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served one after another
Work Release

11. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
90%
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

12. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Were considered highly educated in their time period
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

13. Motion for a direct verdict
Probation Rules
Summer
Intermediate Sanctions
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

14. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
7 Million Americans
Forfeiture
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

15. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
A fixed term of incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
$200 billion

16. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
nolle prosequi
The U.S. Marshall
House Arrest

17. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
16

18. Challenged for cause
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

19. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Summer
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Work Release

20. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Penitentiary House

21. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

22. Delinquents
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The U.S. Marshall
Furlough

23. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Increasing
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

24. Verdict
The place and its charecteristics
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Marriage

25. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Total Instutution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

26. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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27. Alternative Correctional Institution
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Restitution
Jail
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

28. Problem of Re-entry
Social agent
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

29. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Private attorneys
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

30. Truth in Sentencing
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Community Service Restitution

31. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
nolle prosequi

32. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Day Fees
Should treat people of different classes equitably

33. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Intake
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

34. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

35. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
House Arrest
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

36. Problems of Parole
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Sentence served one after another
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

37. Mandatory Sentence
Diversion
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

38. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Boot Camp
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Probation

39. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The place and its charecteristics
Public Defender
Probation Rules

40. Determinate Sentencing
Intake
Community Service Restitution
A fixed term of incarceration
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

41. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Recoupment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Indigent Defendant

42. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Fine
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
$200 billion

43. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Went down steadily

44. Women Imprisoned
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

45. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Penitentiary House
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

46. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Grand Jury
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The procedural criminal law

47. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Diversion
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Assembly line

48. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
The FBI
Intake
Forfeiture
Probation

49. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Intake
The procedural criminal law
Restitution
Public Defender

50. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
7 Million Americans
Grand Jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas