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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Community Treatment
Self-defense and insanity
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Revocation

2. Right to counsel
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Indigent Defendant

3. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Furlough
Public Defender
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

4. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Highway Patrol
Self-defense and insanity
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

5. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Halfway House
Sentence served one after another

6. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Fine
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Higher

7. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Fine
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Community Treatment

8. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Restitution
The local police
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

9. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Parole

10. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

11. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Grand Jury
Halfway House
18
Assembly line

12. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Day Fees
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

13. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Highway Patrol
16
New York (Auburn) System
Should treat people of different classes equitably

14. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Self-incrimination
The U.S. Marshall
Subpoena
Were considered highly educated in their time period

15. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Boot Camp
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

16. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Self-incrimination
Went down steadily
16
Probation

17. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
7 Million Americans
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

18. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established customs and traditions
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Diversion

19. Alternative Correctional Institution
Young - male - minority - poor
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-incrimination
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

20. Right to an impartial jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Boot Camp
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

21. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
The views of powerful elites in society
Self-incrimination
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
7 Million Americans

22. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Recoupment
Substantive Rights

23. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
nolle prosequi
Higher
Public Defender
Parole

24. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

25. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
18
Indigent Defendant
Work Release
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

26. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Sentence served one after another
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Shock Probation
Super Maximum-Security Prison

27. Concurrent Jursidiction
The procedural criminal law
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

28. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Sentence served one after another
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
90%
Pre-Sentence Investigation

29. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Jail
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

30. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Subpoena
7 Million Americans
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

31. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Community Service Restitution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

32. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

33. Argument against the Death Penalty
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The FBI
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

34. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
The FBI
16
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

35. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

36. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served simultaneously
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

37. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Make-believe family
Shock Probation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

38. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Anger Managment
Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

39. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Furlough
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

40. Delinquents
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Self-defense and insanity

41. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Grand Jury
Obstacle course
7 Million Americans
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

42. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Anger Managment
18
Intermediate Sanctions

43. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Higher
Forfeiture
Make-believe family
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

44. Miranda Rights...
Furlough
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Went down steadily
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

45. Capital Punishment
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Restorative Justice

46. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Probation Rules
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

47. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Prison
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

48. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Make-believe family
16
Total Instutution
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

49. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Halfway House
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

50. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Make-believe family
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Defense Attorney