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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

2. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
New York (Auburn) System
Diversion
The views of powerful elites in society
Were considered highly educated in their time period

3. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Furlough
The FBI
Self-incrimination
Fine

4. What is Duress?
Obstacle course
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Boot Camp

5. Right to public trial
Pennsylvania System
A fixed term of incarceration
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

6. Competent Standard

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7. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Property crimes
The FBI
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

8. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Indigent Defendant
Forfeiture
Furlough

9. Motion for a direct verdict
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The FBI
Enter a plea

10. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
About 10 felony arrests per month
Work Release

11. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The FBI
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Restorative Justice

12. Delinquents
$200 billion
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

13. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Parole
Sentence served one after another
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

14. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
The procedural criminal law
Public Defender
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Established customs and traditions

15. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Make-believe family

16. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Minimum-Security Prison
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Restorative Justice
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

17. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Make-believe family
Probation Rules
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Private attorneys

18. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Recoupment
Pre-Sentence Investigation

19. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Parole
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

20. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Society expects them to be criminals
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

21. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Restitution
Probation
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

22. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Young - male - minority - poor
Intermediate Sanctions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

23. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The place and its charecteristics
Subpoena
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

24. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Indigent Defendant
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
$200 billion
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

25. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Furlough
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Day Fees
7 Million Americans

26. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Obstacle course
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The views of powerful elites in society

27. Evidentiary Standard
Maximum-Security
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Halfway House
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

28. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Halfway House
Marriage
About 10 felony arrests per month
Were considered highly educated in their time period

29. What are characteristics of inmates
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young - male - minority - poor
The place and its charecteristics

30. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Private attorneys
$200 billion
Pre-Sentence Investigation

31. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Enter a plea
18

32. Determinate Sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A fixed term of incarceration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

33. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The procedural criminal law
nolle prosequi
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

34. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Enter a plea
The procedural criminal law

35. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Shock Probation
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Revocation

36. Right to confront witnesses
Sentence served simultaneously
Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Young - male - minority - poor

37. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
18
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

38. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

39. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Assembly line
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
18

40. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
New York (Auburn) System
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The U.S. Marshall

41. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Furlough
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

42. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Self-incrimination
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

43. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Pennsylvania System
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

44. Problems of Parole
Recoupment
Jail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

45. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Total Instutution
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

46. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Property crimes
Shock Probation
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

47. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Fine
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

48. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

49. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Probation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

50. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The U.S. Marshall