Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Intermediate Sanctions
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Intake

2. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
18

3. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
$200 billion
Property crimes

4. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Revocation
Total Instutution
Established customs and traditions
House Arrest

5. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Public Defender
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Self-incrimination
Probation

6. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Incarceration
90%

7. Peremptory Challenge
The views of powerful elites in society
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Enter a plea

8. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Maximum-Security
Day Fees
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

9. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

10. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Intermediate Sanctions
The local police
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

11. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Probation Rules
Work Release
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

12. Miranda Rights...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
A fixed term of incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

13. Right to an impartial jury
1.4 million
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Established customs and traditions
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

14. Concurrent Jursidiction
Established customs and traditions
Diversion
Self-incrimination
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

15. Statutory Jurisdiction
Forfeiture
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

16. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Diversion
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Probation Rules
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

17. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Enter a plea
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Work Release
Social agent

18. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Parole
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

19. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Grand Jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

20. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Established customs and traditions
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

21. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Social agent

22. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Highway Patrol
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

23. Consecutive sentence
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Sentence served one after another
Trial by a judge without jury

24. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Subpoena
Minimum-Security Prison
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

25. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Trial by a judge without jury
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Work Release

26. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Intake

27. Judicial Waiver
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

28. Verdict
Substantive Rights
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

29. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Shock Incarceration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

30. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Defense Attorney
Revocation
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

31. Three Strikes Law
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

32. Evidentiary Standard
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Property crimes
Shock Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

33. Women Imprisoned
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

34. Bench Trial
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Trial by a judge without jury
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Intermediate Sanctions

35. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Sentence served one after another
The procedural criminal law
nolle prosequi
Higher

36. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
House Arrest
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Boot Camp
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

37. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Forfeiture
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Day Fees

38. Trial Process
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Social agent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
90%

39. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Subpoena
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Community Service Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

40. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Went down steadily
1.4 million
Shock Incarceration

41. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
18
The views of powerful elites in society
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

42. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Restitution
Social agent
Super Maximum-Security Prison

43. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Work Release
Went down steadily
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

44. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

45. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
The place and its charecteristics
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

46. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
90%
The place and its charecteristics
Shock Incarceration

47. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Maximum-Security

48. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The local police
Day Fees
A crime that is considered especially immoral

49. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Intake
Defense Attorney
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

50. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Probation Rules
Society expects them to be criminals
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Shock Incarceration