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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Shock Incarceration
Maximum-Security

2. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Day Fees
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Shock Probation

3. Jury Selection

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4. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
16
90%
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

5. Right to compulsory process
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
nolle prosequi

6. Problems of Parole
Restorative Justice
The local police
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Work Release

7. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Obstacle course
Minimum-Security Prison
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

8. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Revocation

9. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Private attorneys
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

10. Right to confront witnesses
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

11. Miranda Rights...
Established customs and traditions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Increasing
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

12. Competent Standard

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13. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Summer
Recoupment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

14. Right to be competent at trail

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15. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Make-believe family
Restorative Justice

16. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Day Fees
Probation Rules
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

17. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Total Instutution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Assembly line

18. Trial Process
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Were considered highly educated in their time period

19. Verdict
Furlough
The local police
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The FBI

20. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Sentence served one after another
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Indigent Defendant
Parole

21. Concurrent Sentence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
7 Million Americans
Sentence served simultaneously
The U.S. Marshall

22. Truth in Sentencing
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Forfeiture
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Total Instutution

23. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1.4 million
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

24. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Super Maximum-Security Prison
16

25. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Defense Attorney

26. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Intermediate Sanctions
Self-defense and insanity
Shock Probation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

27. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Went down steadily
Summer

28. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
The procedural criminal law
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

29. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

30. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Minimum-Security Prison
Went down steadily

31. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Make-believe family
Community Service Restitution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

32. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Pennsylvania System
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The local police

33. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Higher
Sentence served one after another
Community Treatment

34. Motion for a direct verdict
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Diversion

35. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Day Fees

36. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Probation Rules
Test for one's competents to stand trial

37. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Indigent Defendant
Increasing
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

38. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Minimum-Security Prison
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Highway Patrol

39. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
The views of powerful elites in society
Anger Managment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

40. Goals of Punishment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Probation Rules
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society

41. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Sentence served simultaneously
Restorative Justice
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Grand Jury

42. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Higher
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Restitution

43. Problem of Re-entry
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Test for one's competents to stand trial

44. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Society expects them to be criminals

45. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
The local police
Young - male - minority - poor
16
Society expects them to be criminals

46. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

47. Delinquents
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Diversion
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

48. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Assembly line
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

49. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Halfway House
Day Fees
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

50. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Probation Rules
The procedural criminal law
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile