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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Women Imprisoned
Shock Incarceration
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Enter a plea
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

2. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
18
Defense Attorney
Penitentiary House
Went down steadily

3. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Indigent Defendant
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Defense Attorney
Work Release

4. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
$200 billion
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

5. What is General Deterrence?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Boot Camp

6. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Shock Incarceration
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

7. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Established customs and traditions
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The procedural criminal law

8. Right to an impartial jury
Self-defense and insanity
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

9. Evidentiary Standard
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Test for one's competents to stand trial
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

10. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

11. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Sentence served simultaneously
7 Million Americans
Marriage
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

12. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Social agent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

13. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Minimum-Security Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
$200 billion

14. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

15. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Penitentiary House
Prison
Jail

16. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Work Release
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Obstacle course
A crime that is considered especially immoral

17. Right to be competent at trail

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18. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young - male - minority - poor
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The FBI

19. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Sentence served simultaneously
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

20. Right to confront witnesses
About 10 felony arrests per month
Jail
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Obstacle course

21. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Penitentiary House
The FBI
nolle prosequi

22. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Substantive Rights
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

23. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Private attorneys
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Halfway House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

24. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Trial by a judge without jury

25. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
The procedural criminal law
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Anger Managment

26. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
A fixed term of incarceration
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

27. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Probation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

28. The sentence
Recoupment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

29. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Day Fees
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

30. Miranda Rights...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

31. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Indigent Defendant
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Self-defense and insanity
1.4 million

32. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The views of powerful elites in society
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

33. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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34. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restitution

35. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Furlough
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

36. Models of sentencing
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Fine

37. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
The procedural criminal law
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

38. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Restorative Justice
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

39. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

40. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Society expects them to be criminals
Pennsylvania System

41. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Furlough
Summer

42. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Grand Jury

43. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

44. Statutory Jurisdiction
Higher
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

45. Alternative Correctional Institution
Trial by a judge without jury
Boot Camp
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Higher

46. Right to compulsory process
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Society expects them to be criminals
Halfway House
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

47. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Public Defender
Substantive Rights
Shock Probation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

48. Mandatory Sentence
Minimum-Security Prison
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The U.S. Marshall
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

49. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Probation Rules
Went down steadily
Summer

50. The substantive criminal law...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Social agent
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court