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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Restorative Justice
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

2. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The views of powerful elites in society
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Fine

3. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Minimum-Security Prison
Established customs and traditions
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

4. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Probation
Jail

5. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
The procedural criminal law
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Prison
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

6. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Subpoena
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

7. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Minimum-Security Prison
Intake
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Young - male - minority - poor

8. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Private attorneys

9. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Furlough
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Community Treatment

10. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Furlough
Indigent Defendant
House Arrest

11. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Intake
nolle prosequi

12. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Shock Probation
House Arrest
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

13. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Subpoena
Pennsylvania System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Obstacle course

14. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
90%
New York (Auburn) System

15. Truth in Sentencing
Restorative Justice
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

16. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
The views of powerful elites in society
Marriage
Established customs and traditions
Indigent Defendant

17. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Forfeiture
Anger Managment
Grand Jury

18. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

19. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Higher
Public Defender
Maximum-Security

20. Argument against the Death Penalty
The views of powerful elites in society
About 10 felony arrests per month
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

21. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Private attorneys
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Indigent Defendant
Super Maximum-Security Prison

22. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Intermediate Sanctions

23. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Minimum-Security Prison
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Probation Rules

24. Capital Punishment
Penitentiary House
16
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

25. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
New York (Auburn) System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

26. Jury Selection

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27. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Went down steadily
The FBI
Furlough

28. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Furlough
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Minimum-Security Prison

29. Goals of Punishment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Summer

30. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

31. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Grand Jury
A crime that is considered especially immoral
18
Revocation

32. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Substantive Rights

33. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
The local police
Intake
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Maximum-Security

34. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Grand Jury
Established customs and traditions
Intermediate Sanctions

35. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Public Defender
Obstacle course
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

36. The sentence
Higher
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Intake
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

37. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

38. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Make-believe family
Recoupment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1.4 million

39. Women Imprisoned
7 Million Americans
Self-incrimination
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

40. The substantive criminal law...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The FBI
Social agent

41. Right to public trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Penitentiary House
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

42. Three Strikes Law
7 Million Americans
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

43. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Enter a plea
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Treatment

44. Probation failure correlates to...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

45. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The local police
Restitution

46. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Make-believe family
Maximum-Security
Parole
Assembly line

47. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
The views of powerful elites in society
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Public Defender
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

48. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Work Release
Grand Jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

49. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

50. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Prison
New York (Auburn) System