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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
About 10 felony arrests per month
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Community Treatment

2. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Anger Managment

3. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The views of powerful elites in society

4. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Boot Camp
Defense Attorney
Probation

5. What is Duress?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Super Maximum-Security Prison

6. Right to public trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Boot Camp
Day Fees

7. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Boot Camp
Shock Probation
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Subpoena

8. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Make-believe family
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Established customs and traditions
Restorative Justice

9. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Defense Attorney
Shock Incarceration

10. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Intermediate Sanctions
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

11. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Marriage

12. Competent Standard

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13. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Property crimes
1.4 million
Assembly line
Test for one's competents to stand trial

14. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Anger Managment
Maximum-Security
Social agent

15. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Grand Jury
Forfeiture
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

16. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

17. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1.4 million

18. The substantive criminal law...
A fixed term of incarceration
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Furlough

19. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Public Defender

20. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Community Service Restitution

21. Challenged for cause
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Jail
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

22. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The procedural criminal law
The FBI
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

23. Right to be competent at trail

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24. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Sentence served one after another
Property crimes
Sentence served simultaneously
Grand Jury

25. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Probation Rules
18
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

26. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-defense and insanity
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

27. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Boot Camp
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Higher
Society expects them to be criminals

28. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Fine
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Property crimes
House Arrest

29. Jury Selection

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30. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The local police
Parole

31. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
The FBI
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

32. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Minimum-Security Prison
Subpoena
$200 billion

33. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Community Treatment
Should treat people of different classes equitably

34. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Higher
Prison
Day Fees
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

35. Trial Process
Higher
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Make-believe family
The U.S. Marshall

36. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Furlough
Intake
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

37. Concurrent Sentence
A fixed term of incarceration
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Went down steadily
Sentence served simultaneously

38. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
18
nolle prosequi
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Went down steadily

39. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Went down steadily
Higher
Private attorneys

40. Bench Trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Trial by a judge without jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Subpoena

41. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
The U.S. Marshall
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

42. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The FBI
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Defense Attorney

43. Right to speedy trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

44. Judicial Waiver
Assembly line
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

45. What are characteristics of inmates
Shock Probation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Young - male - minority - poor
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

46. Verdict
Summer
Should treat people of different classes equitably
90%
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

47. Factors that Influence Sentencing
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Maximum-Security
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
$200 billion

48. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

49. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Total Instutution
Intermediate Sanctions
Shock Probation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

50. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Increasing
Intermediate Sanctions
nolle prosequi
Recoupment