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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Boot Camp
Day Fees
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Property crimes

2. Mandatory Sentence
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Enter a plea
Substantive Rights

3. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Probation

4. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
nolle prosequi
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

5. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
The local police
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Probation Rules
Indigent Defendant

6. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Went down steadily
The FBI

7. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Make-believe family
Substantive Rights
Diversion
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

8. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established customs and traditions
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

9. Consecutive sentence
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Sentence served one after another
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

10. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Diversion
The FBI
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Pre-Sentence Investigation

11. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1.4 million
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

12. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Fine
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Maximum-Security

13. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

14. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Anger Managment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

15. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
16
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

16. Right to compulsory process
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Sentence served simultaneously
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
About 10 felony arrests per month

17. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Parole
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

18. Duties of probation officers
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Subpoena

19. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

20. Right to public trial
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Defense Attorney
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

21. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Defense Attorney
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Intake

22. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Fine
Assembly line
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Subpoena

23. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Pennsylvania System
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
A crime that is considered especially immoral

24. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
$200 billion
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Community Service Restitution

25. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
90%
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Assembly line

26. Judicial Waiver
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Grand Jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

27. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Halfway House
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

28. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Social agent
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Total Instutution

29. Capital Punishment
The local police
Pennsylvania System
Society expects them to be criminals
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

30. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Intake
Parole
Prison

31. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Make-believe family
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

32. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Diversion
Marriage

33. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

34. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restitution
Established customs and traditions

35. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Boot Camp
Obstacle course
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Trial by a judge without jury

36. Peremptory Challenge
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Highway Patrol
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

37. Competent Standard

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38. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Service Restitution
16

39. Trial Process
Minimum-Security Prison
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

40. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Total Instutution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The U.S. Marshall
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

41. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Public Defender
Restorative Justice
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

42. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Day Fees
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

43. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Recoupment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1.4 million

44. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

45. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Penitentiary House

46. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Probation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

47. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Jail
18
Minimum-Security Prison

48. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
18
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

49. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Recoupment
House Arrest
Were considered highly educated in their time period

50. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Intermediate Sanctions
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
7 Million Americans