Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Halfway House
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

2. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Marriage
New York (Auburn) System
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

3. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
New York (Auburn) System
Summer
Jail
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

4. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
7 Million Americans
Were considered highly educated in their time period

5. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Young - male - minority - poor
Obstacle course
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

6. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Property crimes
Increasing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Minimum-Security Prison

7. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Self-incrimination
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

8. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Went down steadily
Boot Camp
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Pre-Sentence Investigation

9. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Pennsylvania System
Indigent Defendant
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Young - male - minority - poor

10. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Minimum-Security Prison
Restitution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

11. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Restorative Justice
Probation Rules
Shock Incarceration
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

12. Duties of probation officers
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

13. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Sentence served one after another
Established customs and traditions
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

14. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The views of powerful elites in society
Society expects them to be criminals
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

15. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Make-believe family
New York (Auburn) System
Furlough

16. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Parole
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

17. Right to compulsory process
The U.S. Marshall
$200 billion
Increasing
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

18. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

19. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Penitentiary House
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

20. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
Restorative Justice
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

21. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Restorative Justice
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

22. Three Strikes Law
Total Instutution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The local police
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

23. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Minimum-Security Prison
Grand Jury

24. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Recoupment
About 10 felony arrests per month
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Revocation

25. Models of sentencing
Indigent Defendant
Intake
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Super Maximum-Security Prison

26. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Society expects them to be criminals

27. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Revocation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

28. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Subpoena
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

29. Bench Trial
Subpoena
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Trial by a judge without jury

30. The substantive criminal law...
Social agent
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Grand Jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

31. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Test for one's competents to stand trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Penitentiary House
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

32. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The FBI
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Shock Incarceration

33. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Probation Rules
Maximum-Security
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Prison

34. Capital Punishment
Enter a plea
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Total Instutution

35. What are characteristics of inmates
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Young - male - minority - poor
Community Service Restitution
The FBI

36. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Fine
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

37. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Subpoena
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

38. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Probation
The FBI
Forfeiture
Indigent Defendant

39. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Social agent
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

40. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

41. Good time
Social agent
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Pennsylvania System

42. Right to an impartial judge
Enter a plea
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Self-incrimination

43. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Marriage
Penitentiary House
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Intake

44. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Marriage
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Prison

45. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Sentence served simultaneously
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

46. Determinate Sentencing
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
7 Million Americans
A fixed term of incarceration

47. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

48. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Society expects them to be criminals
90%
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Minimum-Security Prison

49. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Went down steadily
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

50. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Halfway House
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Minimum-Security Prison