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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Delinquents
Increasing
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Fine

2. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Parole
90%
Subpoena
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

3. Mandatory Sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

4. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Obstacle course
Self-incrimination
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Penitentiary House

5. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Increasing
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Self-defense and insanity

6. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Intake
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Furlough
Higher

7. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Diversion
1.4 million

8. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Restorative Justice
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

9. Models of sentencing
Recoupment
Parole
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

10. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Make-believe family
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Test for one's competents to stand trial

11. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Fine
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Marriage

12. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Anger Managment
Marriage
Pennsylvania System

13. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Probation Rules
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Shock Probation

14. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Trial by a judge without jury
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Summer

15. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Intake
Enter a plea
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

16. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Obstacle course
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

17. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Penitentiary House

18. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Revocation
Sentence served simultaneously
Public Defender
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

19. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
House Arrest
Self-defense and insanity
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Recoupment

20. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Highway Patrol
Penitentiary House
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

21. Motion for a direct verdict
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Prison
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

22. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Revocation
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Parole
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

23. Three Strikes Law
Probation Rules
Maximum-Security
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

24. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Probation Rules
Assembly line
Self-incrimination
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

25. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

26. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Jail
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

27. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Restorative Justice
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Society expects them to be criminals
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

28. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Diversion
Restitution

29. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Public Defender
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Property crimes
Prison

30. Right to be competent at trail

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31. Right to confront witnesses
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The FBI

32. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
$200 billion
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Increasing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

33. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
A fixed term of incarceration
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
$200 billion
About 10 felony arrests per month

34. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Treatment

35. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

36. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The procedural criminal law
Pennsylvania System
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

37. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
16
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Obstacle course

38. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Public Defender
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Indigent Defendant

39. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
House Arrest
Social agent
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

40. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
New York (Auburn) System
Substantive Rights
A fixed term of incarceration

41. Bench Trial
Anger Managment
Sentence served simultaneously
Trial by a judge without jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

42. Good time
Forfeiture
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Community Service Restitution
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

43. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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44. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1.4 million
Pennsylvania System

45. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
A fixed term of incarceration
90%
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

46. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Minimum-Security Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

47. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

48. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Minimum-Security Prison
Intermediate Sanctions
Highway Patrol
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

49. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
The procedural criminal law
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Defense Attorney
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

50. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
The FBI
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Private attorneys

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