Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
nolle prosequi
Jail
Boot Camp

2. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Furlough
Property crimes
Went down steadily

3. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Highway Patrol
7 Million Americans
Young - male - minority - poor

4. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Private attorneys
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

5. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Maximum-Security

6. Consecutive sentence
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Sentence served one after another
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

7. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Self-defense and insanity
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

8. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Should treat people of different classes equitably
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

9. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Went down steadily

10. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Increasing
The U.S. Marshall
Marriage
The place and its charecteristics

11. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Diversion
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
$200 billion
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

12. Bench Trial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Service Restitution
House Arrest
Trial by a judge without jury

13. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Shock Incarceration

14. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The procedural criminal law
Make-believe family
The U.S. Marshall

15. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Halfway House
Diversion

16. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Maximum-Security
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Highway Patrol
Test for one's competents to stand trial

17. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Anger Managment
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

18. Right to be competent at trail

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

19. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Obstacle course
Minimum-Security Prison
Should treat people of different classes equitably

20. Probation failure correlates to...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

21. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Went down steadily
Substantive Rights
Forfeiture
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

22. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
nolle prosequi
Anger Managment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Trial by a judge without jury

23. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Jail
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

24. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Marriage
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

25. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
The place and its charecteristics
Highway Patrol
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

26. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The local police
Substantive Rights
Defense Attorney

27. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
The procedural criminal law
About 10 felony arrests per month
Fine
7 Million Americans

28. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Fine

29. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Halfway House
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Shock Incarceration
Probation Rules

30. Truth in Sentencing
Society expects them to be criminals
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

31. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

32. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Self-defense and insanity
Society expects them to be criminals
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

33. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

34. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation

35. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Social agent
The U.S. Marshall
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

36. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Sentence served one after another

37. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
House Arrest
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

38. Evidentiary Standard
Indigent Defendant
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

39. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Recoupment

40. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

41. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Community Treatment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Young - male - minority - poor

42. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Diversion
Jail
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

43. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pennsylvania System

44. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Defense Attorney
Public Defender
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

45. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The place and its charecteristics
Penitentiary House
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Pennsylvania System

46. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Substantive Rights
Sentence served one after another
Furlough

47. Determinate Sentencing
The local police
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
A fixed term of incarceration

48. Capital Punishment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Should treat people of different classes equitably

49. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Anger Managment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Society expects them to be criminals

50. Motion for a direct verdict
Self-defense and insanity
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community