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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to an impartial jury
Self-incrimination
Day Fees
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Penitentiary House

2. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
The views of powerful elites in society
7 Million Americans
Make-believe family
Super Maximum-Security Prison

3. Women Imprisoned
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Young - male - minority - poor
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

4. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Went down steadily
Probation Rules

5. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

6. Concurrent Jursidiction
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1.4 million
Increasing
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

7. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Shock Incarceration
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The FBI
Defense Attorney

8. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Minimum-Security Prison
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Revocation
Subpoena

9. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Super Maximum-Security Prison
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

10. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Forfeiture
A crime that is considered especially immoral
House Arrest

11. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Probation Rules
18
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

12. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Day Fees
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Work Release

13. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Sentence served simultaneously
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

14. Argument against the Death Penalty
Obstacle course
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Revocation

15. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Public Defender
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Restorative Justice
Intermediate Sanctions

16. The substantive criminal law...
Total Instutution
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Increasing

17. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Self-defense and insanity
The procedural criminal law
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Sentence served simultaneously

18. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Obstacle course
Maximum-Security

19. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Subpoena
About 10 felony arrests per month

20. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Young - male - minority - poor
Revocation
Private attorneys
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

21. Problem of Re-entry
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

22. Problems of Parole
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Increasing
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

23. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
The U.S. Marshall
16
Society expects them to be criminals
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

24. What is Duress?
Defense Attorney
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

25. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Established customs and traditions
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Jail

26. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Total Instutution
Halfway House
The place and its charecteristics
Parole

27. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Substantive Rights
Furlough
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

28. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Restorative Justice
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

29. The sentence
Went down steadily
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

30. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Grand Jury
Defense Attorney
Work Release
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

31. Motion for a direct verdict
Defense Attorney
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1.4 million
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

32. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Grand Jury
Shock Incarceration
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

33. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Self-incrimination
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Maximum-Security

34. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Increasing
Intermediate Sanctions

35. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Young - male - minority - poor
Furlough
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

36. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Recoupment
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Intake

37. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Restorative Justice
Total Instutution
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

38. Evidentiary Standard
Sentence served one after another
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

39. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Pennsylvania System
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

40. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

41. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The FBI
Forfeiture

42. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
16
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Anger Managment
Diversion

43. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Fine
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Should treat people of different classes equitably

44. Truth in Sentencing
The U.S. Marshall
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Obstacle course
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

45. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

46. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Total Instutution

47. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Self-incrimination

48. Right to counsel
The place and its charecteristics
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The U.S. Marshall
Sentence served simultaneously

49. Indeterminate Sentencing
Young - male - minority - poor
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
18
Trial by a judge without jury

50. What are characteristics of inmates
Shock Incarceration
Day Fees
Young - male - minority - poor
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others