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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Penitentiary House

2. Indeterminate Sentencing
Obstacle course
Shock Incarceration
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Marriage

3. Consecutive sentence
Self-defense and insanity
Work Release
Sentence served one after another
Went down steadily

4. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Public Defender
Marriage
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

5. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Penitentiary House
Public Defender
Assembly line

6. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Furlough
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

7. Statutory Jurisdiction
Probation Rules
Diversion
Public Defender
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

8. Concurrent Jursidiction
Community Service Restitution
nolle prosequi
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

9. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Recoupment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

10. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

11. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Highway Patrol
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

12. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
About 10 felony arrests per month
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

13. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Social agent
The views of powerful elites in society
Self-defense and insanity

14. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

15. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Probation Rules
Test for one's competents to stand trial

16. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1.4 million
Restorative Justice
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

17. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Intake
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

18. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Diversion
Went down steadily
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

19. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Enter a plea
Community Service Restitution
Recoupment

20. Concurrent Sentence
Community Treatment
Sentence served simultaneously
1.4 million
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

21. Right to be competent at trail

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22. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
$200 billion

23. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Forfeiture
Super Maximum-Security Prison

24. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Maximum-Security
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Jail

25. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
The procedural criminal law
Went down steadily
Probation

26. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Probation

27. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Work Release
Marriage
Sentence served simultaneously

28. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

29. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Intermediate Sanctions
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

30. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Community Service Restitution
Self-incrimination
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

31. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

32. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Sentence served simultaneously
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

33. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

34. Truth in Sentencing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1.4 million
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

35. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Parole
Intermediate Sanctions
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

36. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Property crimes

37. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Anger Managment
Private attorneys
Indigent Defendant

38. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Shock Incarceration

39. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
About 10 felony arrests per month
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Minimum-Security Prison

40. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Restorative Justice
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

41. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The FBI
Social agent

42. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1.4 million
16

43. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Restorative Justice
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Jail
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

44. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Probation

45. Status Offenders
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

46. Right to public trial
Day Fees
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Obstacle course

47. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

48. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Penitentiary House
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
New York (Auburn) System
Enter a plea

49. Three Strikes Law
Revocation
Furlough
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Indigent Defendant

50. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Public Defender
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors