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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Indeterminate Sentencing
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Fine
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The FBI

2. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Day Fees
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Furlough
Boot Camp

3. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Summer
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Should treat people of different classes equitably

4. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Society expects them to be criminals
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

5. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Maximum-Security
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

6. Challenged for cause
Furlough
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

7. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Make-believe family
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Fine
Public Defender

8. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
16

9. What is Duress?
The local police
Restitution
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Substantive Rights

10. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
16
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

11. Capital Punishment
New York (Auburn) System
$200 billion
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

12. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Trial by a judge without jury
The local police
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The U.S. Marshall

13. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Pennsylvania System

14. Right to counsel
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Test for one's competents to stand trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

15. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Shock Probation

16. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Make-believe family
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Highway Patrol
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

17. Delinquents
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

18. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
The procedural criminal law
Enter a plea
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

19. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
90%
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

20. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Minimum-Security Prison
Grand Jury
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

21. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
About 10 felony arrests per month
Fine
Property crimes

22. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Sentence served simultaneously
Boot Camp

23. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Halfway House
Property crimes

24. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Forfeiture
Shock Probation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

25. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Society expects them to be criminals
Self-defense and insanity
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Increasing

26. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Restorative Justice

27. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Established customs and traditions
Obstacle course

28. Peremptory Challenge
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
90%
Jail

29. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
16
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

30. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Self-incrimination
Summer
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

31. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Community Service Restitution
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

32. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

33. What is General Deterrence?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Total Instutution
Property crimes

34. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Maximum-Security
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

35. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1.4 million
Self-incrimination

36. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Sentence served one after another
Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

37. Models of sentencing
Enter a plea
Society expects them to be criminals
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Test for one's competents to stand trial

38. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Total Instutution
$200 billion
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

39. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Minimum-Security Prison

40. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Boot Camp
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Trial by a judge without jury

41. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

42. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Parole
Public Defender
Work Release

43. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
nolle prosequi
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
New York (Auburn) System
Jail

44. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Society expects them to be criminals
House Arrest
A crime that is considered especially immoral

45. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
18
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Treatment
Probation Rules

46. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Restitution
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

47. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The FBI
Society expects them to be criminals
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

48. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Indigent Defendant
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

49. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Jail
Community Treatment
Trial by a judge without jury

50. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Increasing
Public Defender
7 Million Americans