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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Total Instutution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Work Release

2. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
$200 billion
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Social agent
Work Release

3. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Probation
Social agent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

4. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Forfeiture
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The local police

5. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Pennsylvania System
Trial by a judge without jury
Private attorneys
Recoupment

6. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
A fixed term of incarceration
The views of powerful elites in society
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

7. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Society expects them to be criminals
Enter a plea
Substantive Rights
Anger Managment

8. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Assembly line
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The procedural criminal law

9. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Jail
Intake
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

10. Probation failure correlates to...
Penitentiary House
Self-defense and insanity
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

11. Status Offenders
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Summer
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

12. Models of sentencing
Summer
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

13. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Day Fees
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Higher

14. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Halfway House
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Shock Incarceration

15. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Shock Incarceration
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Self-incrimination

16. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Society expects them to be criminals
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Halfway House
Work Release

17. What is General Deterrence?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Parole
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

18. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

19. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Recoupment
Anger Managment
90%

20. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The U.S. Marshall
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Community Treatment

21. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Assembly line
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

22. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Boot Camp
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Minimum-Security Prison

23. Peremptory Challenge
Private attorneys
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Shock Probation

24. What is Duress?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

25. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

26. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Self-defense and insanity
Total Instutution
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

27. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Community Service Restitution
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

28. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
The U.S. Marshall
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

29. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Diversion
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

30. Mandatory Sentence
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Increasing
Pennsylvania System
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

31. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

32. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Boot Camp
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Private attorneys
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

33. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
House Arrest
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

34. Determinate Sentencing
Assembly line
Indigent Defendant
A fixed term of incarceration
Restorative Justice

35. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
The FBI
Subpoena
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Jail

36. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Established customs and traditions
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

37. Arguments for the Death Penalty

38. Goals of Punishment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

39. Indeterminate Sentencing
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

40. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Young - male - minority - poor
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

41. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

42. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
nolle prosequi
7 Million Americans
Probation Rules
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

43. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
90%

44. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Higher
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

45. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Trial by a judge without jury
Community Treatment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

46. Jury Selection

47. Trial Process
A fixed term of incarceration
Indigent Defendant
Diversion
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

48. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Make-believe family
Social agent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Prison

49. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Restorative Justice
Subpoena

50. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Diversion
Probation