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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Enter a plea
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

2. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Pennsylvania System
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
About 10 felony arrests per month

3. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Indigent Defendant

4. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

5. Competent Standard

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6. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Jail
Society expects them to be criminals
Probation Rules
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

7. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Established customs and traditions
Intake

8. Right to be competent at trail

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9. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The U.S. Marshall

10. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Social agent
A fixed term of incarceration
Trial by a judge without jury

11. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The procedural criminal law
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The local police
Revocation

12. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Society expects them to be criminals
Community Treatment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

13. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Marriage
Self-defense and insanity
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

14. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Parole
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

15. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Assembly line
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

16. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

17. Miranda Rights...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

18. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Make-believe family
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Grand Jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

19. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Diversion
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

20. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
The views of powerful elites in society
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Diversion
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

21. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Anger Managment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Diversion

22. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

23. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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24. Right to speedy trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Maximum-Security
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

25. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Society expects them to be criminals
Make-believe family
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

26. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Minimum-Security Prison
Self-defense and insanity
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
New York (Auburn) System

27. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Day Fees
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Intake
nolle prosequi

28. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Defense Attorney
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Prison

29. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

30. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Higher
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

31. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
The place and its charecteristics
The U.S. Marshall
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

32. Jury Selection

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33. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Shock Incarceration
Highway Patrol
Fine
Social agent

34. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Self-incrimination
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

35. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Private attorneys
Property crimes
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

36. Models of sentencing
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Society expects them to be criminals
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

37. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Diversion

38. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Penitentiary House
Young - male - minority - poor
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Were considered highly educated in their time period

39. Three Strikes Law
18
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

40. Peremptory Challenge
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Restitution
The local police
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

41. Right to counsel
Assembly line
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The U.S. Marshall
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

42. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Diversion
A fixed term of incarceration
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

43. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Day Fees
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Shock Incarceration
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

44. Evidentiary Standard
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

45. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
The views of powerful elites in society
Subpoena
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Property crimes

46. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Substantive Rights
Anger Managment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Jail

47. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Pennsylvania System
The place and its charecteristics
Make-believe family

48. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
16
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

49. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Self-incrimination
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Penitentiary House

50. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Anger Managment
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order