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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Minimum-Security Prison
Intermediate Sanctions
A fixed term of incarceration
Recoupment

2. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

3. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

4. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Fine

5. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Test for one's competents to stand trial

6. Good time
Recoupment
Shock Incarceration
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

7. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Maximum-Security
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

8. Status Offenders
New York (Auburn) System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

9. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Private attorneys
Super Maximum-Security Prison

10. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Were considered highly educated in their time period
16
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

11. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Probation
Probation Rules
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

12. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Subpoena
Grand Jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Shock Probation

13. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Intake
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Subpoena

14. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Self-defense and insanity
Probation Rules
Society expects them to be criminals

15. Alternative Correctional Institution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

16. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Indigent Defendant
Maximum-Security
Highway Patrol
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

17. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Marriage
Self-defense and insanity
Increasing
The place and its charecteristics

18. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Social agent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

19. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Summer
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

20. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Trial by a judge without jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

21. Evidentiary Standard
Grand Jury
Trial by a judge without jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Intermediate Sanctions

22. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Self-incrimination
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

23. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Maximum-Security
Make-believe family

24. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Went down steadily
Restitution

25. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Marriage
Property crimes
$200 billion
Substantive Rights

26. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Restorative Justice
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

27. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Forfeiture
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Summer
Shock Incarceration

28. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Established customs and traditions
Restorative Justice
Sentence served simultaneously

29. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

30. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Probation Rules
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

31. Consecutive sentence
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served one after another
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

32. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Private attorneys

33. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Total Instutution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Restitution

34. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Parole
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Enter a plea

35. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
The place and its charecteristics
A fixed term of incarceration
90%
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

36. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Sentence served one after another
Established customs and traditions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Recoupment

37. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Penitentiary House
Anger Managment
Subpoena

38. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Maximum-Security
About 10 felony arrests per month
Anger Managment
Sentence served simultaneously

39. Verdict
The place and its charecteristics
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Obstacle course

40. Problems of Parole
Public Defender
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
90%

41. Right to public trial
Substantive Rights
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Furlough

42. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
A fixed term of incarceration
Obstacle course
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

43. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Summer
nolle prosequi
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

44. Right to an impartial jury
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

45. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Restitution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Revocation

46. Trial Process
Prison
Subpoena
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

47. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Sentence served one after another
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Community Service Restitution

48. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

49. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1.4 million
Substantive Rights
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

50. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Summer
Restitution
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)