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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Defense Attorney
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Pennsylvania System

2. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

3. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Marriage
Society expects them to be criminals
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Property crimes

4. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Restorative Justice
Make-believe family

5. What is General Deterrence?
Enter a plea
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Recoupment

6. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Probation Rules
Summer
Social agent

7. Right to be competent at trail

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8. Challenged for cause
Indigent Defendant
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

9. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
House Arrest
The views of powerful elites in society
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Trial by a judge without jury

10. Three Strikes Law
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

11. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Boot Camp
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Revocation
Obstacle course

12. The sentence
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

13. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
A crime that is considered especially immoral

14. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
nolle prosequi
Self-defense and insanity

15. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Trial by a judge without jury
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Minimum-Security Prison
Community Treatment

16. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intake
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

17. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
About 10 felony arrests per month
The procedural criminal law
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

18. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Restorative Justice
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

19. Bench Trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Trial by a judge without jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

20. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Probation Rules
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
$200 billion

21. Argument against the Death Penalty
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

22. Capital Punishment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Shock Probation

23. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Total Instutution
Marriage

24. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Assembly line
Prison
Forfeiture
Restitution

25. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
A fixed term of incarceration
The local police
Community Service Restitution

26. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Community Treatment

27. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
nolle prosequi
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The procedural criminal law
Sentence served simultaneously

28. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
90%
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

29. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Highway Patrol

30. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1.4 million
Went down steadily

31. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Intermediate Sanctions
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Pennsylvania System

32. Right to public trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
House Arrest

33. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Shock Incarceration
Grand Jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

34. The substantive criminal law...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Day Fees
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

35. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Fine
Indigent Defendant
Halfway House

36. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

37. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Property crimes
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Boot Camp

38. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Forfeiture
The place and its charecteristics

39. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Boot Camp
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
House Arrest

40. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
New York (Auburn) System
7 Million Americans
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

41. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Community Treatment

42. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
$200 billion

43. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
18

44. Right to counsel
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Trial by a judge without jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

45. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Social agent
Went down steadily
Indigent Defendant
Property crimes

46. Consecutive sentence
Enter a plea
Sentence served one after another
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

47. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Fine
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

48. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The local police
About 10 felony arrests per month
nolle prosequi

49. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
$200 billion
Indigent Defendant
Diversion
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Day Fees
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Private attorneys