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Test your basic knowledge |
Criminal Justice
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
law
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Sentence served one after another
Boot Camp
7 Million Americans
2. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Summer
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Assembly line
90%
3. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Defense Attorney
Social agent
The U.S. Marshall
4. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Shock Probation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Shock Incarceration
5. The substantive criminal law...
Probation Rules
Public Defender
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
6. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Revocation
Obstacle course
Penitentiary House
7. Alternative Correctional Institution
Jail
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
8. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Intake
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
9. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Make-believe family
Shock Probation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
10. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
The place and its charecteristics
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Pre-Sentence Investigation
$200 billion
11. Delinquents
Intake
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
12. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Revocation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
13. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Defense Attorney
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Prison
14. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Social agent
The procedural criminal law
Restitution
15. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Day Fees
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
16. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
18
17. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Established customs and traditions
Forfeiture
18. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Revocation
New York (Auburn) System
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
19. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Highway Patrol
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Restorative Justice
20. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Probation Rules
Restitution
House Arrest
Substantive Rights
21. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
The local police
Subpoena
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Indigent Defendant
22. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Community Service Restitution
Pennsylvania System
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Trial by a judge without jury
23. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Public Defender
Went down steadily
Private attorneys
24. Models of sentencing
Work Release
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
25. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The U.S. Marshall
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
26. Right to an impartial jury
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
27. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The FBI
A crime that is considered especially immoral
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
28. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Marriage
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Trial by a judge without jury
Property crimes
29. Peremptory Challenge
1.4 million
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
30. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
18
Enter a plea
Indigent Defendant
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
31. Motion for a direct verdict
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
32. Concurrent Sentence
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Sentence served simultaneously
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Intake
33. The sentence
Probation
Society expects them to be criminals
Probation Rules
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
34. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Make-believe family
The FBI
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
35. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Indigent Defendant
Property crimes
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
36. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
7 Million Americans
New York (Auburn) System
37. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Total Instutution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Probation Rules
38. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1.4 million
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Minimum-Security Prison
39. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Restitution
Probation Rules
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
nolle prosequi
40. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Halfway House
The U.S. Marshall
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
41. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Higher
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Self-defense and insanity
Grand Jury
42. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
43. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Community Service Restitution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Furlough
44. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
The place and its charecteristics
nolle prosequi
Revocation
Marriage
45. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Furlough
46. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Public Defender
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
47. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Social agent
Summer
48. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
New York (Auburn) System
Anger Managment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
49. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Total Instutution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Prison
Work Release
50. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The place and its charecteristics
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation