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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Argument against the Death Penalty
Probation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
nolle prosequi

2. Good time
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Subpoena

3. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Minimum-Security Prison
Day Fees
Probation
Were considered highly educated in their time period

4. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Pennsylvania System
7 Million Americans
Summer
Self-incrimination

5. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
The procedural criminal law
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

6. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Community Service Restitution
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

7. Right to public trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

8. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Shock Probation

9. Consecutive sentence
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Sentence served one after another
Grand Jury

10. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Higher
Pennsylvania System
Subpoena
Grand Jury

11. Right to be competent at trail

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12. Right to an impartial judge
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Recoupment
The U.S. Marshall
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

13. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Increasing
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Substantive Rights

14. Verdict
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Halfway House

15. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The local police
House Arrest

16. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Grand Jury
Halfway House
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Enter a plea

17. Right to speedy trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Enter a plea
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

18. Concurrent Sentence
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Prison
Sentence served simultaneously
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

19. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

20. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Jail
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
nolle prosequi

21. Right to confront witnesses
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Shock Incarceration
Restitution

22. Right to counsel
Make-believe family
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

23. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

24. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Summer
Parole
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

25. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

26. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
The procedural criminal law
Summer
Assembly line
Increasing

27. Miranda Rights...
Community Service Restitution
nolle prosequi
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

28. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Shock Probation
Obstacle course
Anger Managment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

29. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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30. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Sentence served simultaneously
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Obstacle course

31. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The local police
A fixed term of incarceration

32. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Trial by a judge without jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

33. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Indigent Defendant

34. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Self-defense and insanity
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
nolle prosequi

35. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Forfeiture
90%
Penitentiary House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

36. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Penitentiary House
The local police
Assembly line
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

37. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Increasing
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The procedural criminal law

38. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
$200 billion
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Work Release

39. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
90%
Fine

40. Determinate Sentencing
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
A fixed term of incarceration
Defense Attorney
$200 billion

41. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
A fixed term of incarceration
Halfway House
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
nolle prosequi

42. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Marriage
16
Halfway House
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

43. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Assembly line
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

44. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Prison
Fine
Social agent
Diversion

45. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Higher
Jail
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

46. Truth in Sentencing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
7 Million Americans
The FBI
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

47. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

48. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

49. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Restorative Justice
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
New York (Auburn) System

50. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Parole
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic