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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Pennsylvania System
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Parole
Assembly line

2. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Defense Attorney
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Recoupment

3. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Total Instutution

4. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Trial by a judge without jury

5. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Enter a plea
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

6. Jury Selection

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7. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Probation
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Increasing

8. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The place and its charecteristics
The U.S. Marshall

9. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Revocation

10. What is Duress?
Minimum-Security Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

11. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Established customs and traditions
Work Release
Grand Jury
Probation

12. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
90%
Revocation
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

13. Women Imprisoned
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Day Fees
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Prison

14. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

15. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

16. Three Strikes Law
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Indigent Defendant
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

17. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Maximum-Security
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

18. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Intake
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

19. Mandatory Sentence
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Restitution

20. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Probation Rules
16
Society expects them to be criminals
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

21. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Prison
Sentence served one after another
Penitentiary House

22. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Maximum-Security
Shock Probation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Halfway House

23. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Revocation
Self-incrimination
Jail

24. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The place and its charecteristics
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Shock Probation

25. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Sentence served simultaneously
$200 billion

26. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Sentence served simultaneously
Assembly line

27. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Day Fees

28. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Were considered highly educated in their time period
7 Million Americans
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

29. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Obstacle course
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Indigent Defendant

30. Goals of Punishment
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

31. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Minimum-Security Prison
House Arrest

32. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Shock Probation
1.4 million
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Increasing

33. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Day Fees
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

34. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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35. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
House Arrest

36. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

37. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The FBI
The place and its charecteristics

38. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Intake
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Fine
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

39. Problems of Parole
Restorative Justice
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Public Defender

40. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
16
Social agent
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

41. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

42. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Summer
Recoupment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

43. Right to speedy trial
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Make-believe family

44. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
New York (Auburn) System
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

45. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Restorative Justice
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

46. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Restitution
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Trial by a judge without jury
Defense Attorney

47. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Property crimes
Self-defense and insanity
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

48. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
18
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Private attorneys
Assembly line

49. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Furlough
Jail
Anger Managment

50. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification