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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Minimum-Security Prison
The U.S. Marshall
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Probation Rules

2. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Public Defender
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
90%

3. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Highway Patrol
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Subpoena
Young - male - minority - poor

4. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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5. Peremptory Challenge
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Diversion
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

6. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
90%
Penitentiary House
1.4 million
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

7. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
$200 billion
Shock Probation
Furlough
Property crimes

8. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Subpoena
Restitution

9. Factors that Influence Sentencing
16
Self-incrimination
Increasing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

10. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
New York (Auburn) System
Marriage
Went down steadily

11. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Trial by a judge without jury

12. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

13. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Penitentiary House
Maximum-Security
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

14. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Intake
Minimum-Security Prison
The local police
18

15. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Recoupment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
New York (Auburn) System
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

16. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Higher
Penitentiary House
Halfway House
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

17. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Furlough
Intermediate Sanctions
Self-defense and insanity

18. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Self-defense and insanity
Private attorneys
Trial by a judge without jury

19. Right to an impartial jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Established customs and traditions
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

20. Mandatory Sentence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Went down steadily
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

21. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Anger Managment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

22. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Self-defense and insanity
Make-believe family
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

23. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
7 Million Americans
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The place and its charecteristics
Self-incrimination

24. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Furlough
Self-incrimination

25. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Intake
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

26. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pennsylvania System

27. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Self-incrimination
Boot Camp
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Went down steadily

28. Jury Selection

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29. Challenged for cause
Prison
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Intermediate Sanctions

30. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

31. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Sentence served one after another
Minimum-Security Prison
Private attorneys
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

32. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Prison
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A crime that is considered especially immoral

33. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
16
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Society expects them to be criminals

34. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Trial by a judge without jury

35. Three Strikes Law
Restorative Justice
The place and its charecteristics
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

36. Duties of probation officers
Community Treatment
Forfeiture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

37. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Obstacle course

38. Miranda Rights...
Young - male - minority - poor
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

39. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Make-believe family
Defense Attorney
Recoupment

40. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Community Treatment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Grand Jury

41. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Penitentiary House
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Subpoena

42. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The U.S. Marshall
Enter a plea
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

43. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Furlough
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
About 10 felony arrests per month
Young - male - minority - poor

44. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Day Fees
Society expects them to be criminals
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The local police

45. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Restitution
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

46. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Penitentiary House

47. Alternative Correctional Institution
Jail
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

48. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Went down steadily
Restitution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Maximum-Security

49. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
90%
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
nolle prosequi
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

50. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
$200 billion
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Work Release