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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The substantive criminal law...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

2. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

3. Determinate Sentencing
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
A fixed term of incarceration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The place and its charecteristics

4. Alternative Correctional Institution
Forfeiture
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The place and its charecteristics
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

5. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Increasing
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

6. Good time
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

7. Goals of Punishment
Established customs and traditions
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

8. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Sentence served simultaneously
The local police
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

9. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Maximum-Security
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Subpoena

10. Mandatory Sentence
Diversion
Sentence served simultaneously
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

11. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Subpoena
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Community Treatment

12. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Shock Incarceration
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

13. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Penitentiary House
The U.S. Marshall
Revocation

14. Right to an impartial judge
Recoupment
Probation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

15. What are characteristics of inmates
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Property crimes
Young - male - minority - poor

16. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

17. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

18. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Defense Attorney
Self-defense and insanity
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Private attorneys

19. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

20. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Community Treatment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
A crime that is considered especially immoral

21. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Restorative Justice
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

22. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

23. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Fine
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The views of powerful elites in society

24. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Marriage
Established customs and traditions
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
90%

25. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Probation
Summer
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
About 10 felony arrests per month

26. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Subpoena
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

27. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Sentence served simultaneously
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Indigent Defendant

28. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

29. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The place and its charecteristics

30. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Restitution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

31. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Jail
The U.S. Marshall
Penitentiary House

32. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Halfway House
Recoupment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Minimum-Security Prison

33. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Went down steadily
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1.4 million

34. Three Strikes Law
Private attorneys
Recoupment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

35. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Went down steadily
Community Service Restitution
Social agent

36. Argument against the Death Penalty
About 10 felony arrests per month
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

37. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Community Service Restitution
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Property crimes

38. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Increasing
Community Treatment

39. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Shock Probation
Probation Rules
Substantive Rights
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

40. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Sentence served simultaneously
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

41. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Jail
Assembly line
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
A crime that is considered especially immoral

42. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Probation
Obstacle course
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

43. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Trial by a judge without jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Day Fees

44. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
90%

45. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Make-believe family
Probation Rules

46. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Probation Rules
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Self-incrimination

47. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Obstacle course
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

48. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

49. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
House Arrest
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Diversion

50. Right to speedy trial
The FBI
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

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