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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Subpoena
Property crimes
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

2. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Property crimes
Day Fees

3. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
House Arrest
Self-defense and insanity
Assembly line
Defense Attorney

4. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Make-believe family
Grand Jury
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

5. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Sentence served simultaneously
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Prison
Probation

6. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Restitution
Probation Rules
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

7. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Revocation
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

8. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
nolle prosequi
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Prison
Minimum-Security Prison

9. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Obstacle course
Probation Rules
Community Service Restitution
Went down steadily

10. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Work Release
The U.S. Marshall
Social agent
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

11. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1.4 million
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

12. What is Duress?
Enter a plea
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
18
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

13. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Boot Camp
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

14. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
The place and its charecteristics
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

15. Right to public trial
Recoupment
7 Million Americans
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

16. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Penitentiary House
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
nolle prosequi

17. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Jail
Total Instutution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

18. Alternative Correctional Institution
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Sentence served one after another

19. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Fine
18
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

20. Models of sentencing
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Jail
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

21. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights
A fixed term of incarceration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

22. Right to confront witnesses
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
18
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

23. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Service Restitution
The local police

24. Challenged for cause
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Penitentiary House

25. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
A fixed term of incarceration
Revocation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

26. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

27. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
The local police
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Boot Camp
Enter a plea

28. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The FBI

29. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
18
The U.S. Marshall

30. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Parole
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Defense Attorney
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

31. Trial Process
Halfway House
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Enter a plea
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

32. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Went down steadily
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

33. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Halfway House
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

34. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Restitution

35. Concurrent Jursidiction
Subpoena
The local police
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Test for one's competents to stand trial

36. Competent Standard

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37. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Private attorneys
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

38. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
16
$200 billion
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

39. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
nolle prosequi
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Marriage

40. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Intake
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Anger Managment

41. Judicial Waiver
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Furlough
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

42. Miranda Rights...
The FBI
Make-believe family
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

43. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
The FBI
Social agent
About 10 felony arrests per month
Should treat people of different classes equitably

44. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Fine
Assembly line
Boot Camp
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

45. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Social agent
Grand Jury
New York (Auburn) System
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

46. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Pennsylvania System
Substantive Rights
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Probation Rules

47. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Diversion
Restitution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

48. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
16
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

49. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Intermediate Sanctions
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Self-incrimination
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

50. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Shock Incarceration
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property