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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
A crime that is considered especially immoral
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

2. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Defense Attorney

3. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
18
90%

4. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Day Fees
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

5. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Intake
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
New York (Auburn) System

6. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
House Arrest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Shock Incarceration

7. Motion for a direct verdict
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

8. Truth in Sentencing
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
New York (Auburn) System
Young - male - minority - poor
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

9. Concurrent Sentence
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Self-incrimination
Sentence served simultaneously
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

10. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Subpoena
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

11. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Society expects them to be criminals
House Arrest

12. Probation failure correlates to...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Self-defense and insanity
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

13. Problems of Parole
Society expects them to be criminals
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

14. Capital Punishment
New York (Auburn) System
Subpoena
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

15. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Grand Jury

16. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Boot Camp
Public Defender
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

17. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Young - male - minority - poor
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

18. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Make-believe family
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Parole

19. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

20. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Established customs and traditions
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
About 10 felony arrests per month

21. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Subpoena
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

22. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Probation
Were considered highly educated in their time period

23. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Sentence served one after another
Penitentiary House
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

24. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Fine
nolle prosequi
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

25. Indeterminate Sentencing
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The procedural criminal law
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Trial by a judge without jury

26. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Highway Patrol
The views of powerful elites in society
Society expects them to be criminals

27. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Assembly line
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Pennsylvania System

28. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Revocation
Marriage
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The FBI

29. Consecutive sentence
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Sentence served one after another
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

30. Bench Trial
nolle prosequi
Trial by a judge without jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Halfway House

31. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Work Release
Social agent
Sentence served one after another
Self-incrimination

32. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Young - male - minority - poor
16
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

33. Mandatory Sentence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Penitentiary House
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

34. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Private attorneys
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

35. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Enter a plea
The FBI
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

36. Problem of Re-entry
Marriage
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Restorative Justice

37. What is General Deterrence?
Trial by a judge without jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

38. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The FBI

39. Right to an impartial jury
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Defense Attorney
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

40. What are characteristics of inmates
The procedural criminal law
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Young - male - minority - poor

41. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Should treat people of different classes equitably
New York (Auburn) System

42. Challenged for cause
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Day Fees
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

43. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

44. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Grand Jury
Maximum-Security
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Test for one's competents to stand trial

45. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
7 Million Americans
Shock Probation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

46. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
1.4 million
Enter a plea
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
90%

47. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Marriage
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The procedural criminal law

48. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
18
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Make-believe family
Probation

49. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
New York (Auburn) System
Prison

50. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Pennsylvania System
The views of powerful elites in society
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration