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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Highway Patrol
Society expects them to be criminals
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

2. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Shock Probation

3. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Marriage
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Community Treatment
Boot Camp

4. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Halfway House
Jail
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

5. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Community Treatment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

6. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Private attorneys
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Should treat people of different classes equitably

7. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Sentence served one after another
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Total Instutution

8. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Intake
Forfeiture

9. Consecutive sentence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Sentence served one after another
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

10. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Probation Rules
Defense Attorney
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Substantive Rights

11. What is Duress?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Anger Managment
Fine
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

12. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Society expects them to be criminals
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

13. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Restitution
Parole
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

14. Goals of Punishment
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
nolle prosequi

15. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Shock Probation
16
Work Release
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

16. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
The procedural criminal law
Make-believe family
Maximum-Security
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

17. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Shock Probation
Increasing
Penitentiary House

18. Right to speedy trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
18
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Defense Attorney

19. Statutory Jurisdiction
nolle prosequi
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Total Instutution
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

20. Right to be competent at trail

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21. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The FBI
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

22. Truth in Sentencing
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

23. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Property crimes
Super Maximum-Security Prison

24. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Subpoena

25. Duties of probation officers
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Intermediate Sanctions
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

26. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
90%
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Pre-Sentence Investigation
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

27. Right to confront witnesses
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

28. Right to an impartial jury
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Enter a plea
Furlough
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

29. The substantive criminal law...
Obstacle course
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

30. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Diversion
Recoupment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

31. The sentence
Restitution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Public Defender
Intermediate Sanctions

32. Mandatory Sentence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

33. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The procedural criminal law
Were considered highly educated in their time period

34. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Pre-Sentence Investigation

35. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Boot Camp
Highway Patrol
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

36. Miranda Rights...
1.4 million
Shock Probation
Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

37. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Property crimes
Intake
New York (Auburn) System

38. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Total Instutution
Enter a plea
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Day Fees

39. Concurrent Sentence
Marriage
Parole
Higher
Sentence served simultaneously

40. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The FBI
Revocation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The procedural criminal law

41. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Service Restitution
Social agent
Assembly line

42. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Assembly line
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

43. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
90%
House Arrest
Increasing
Went down steadily

44. Probation failure correlates to...
A fixed term of incarceration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

45. What are characteristics of inmates
Fine
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Young - male - minority - poor
Public Defender

46. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
New York (Auburn) System
Summer
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

47. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Assembly line
Private attorneys
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

48. Jury Selection

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49. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Property crimes
Furlough
Assembly line

50. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Recoupment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)