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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Three Strikes Law
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

2. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
About 10 felony arrests per month
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Obstacle course

3. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Pennsylvania System
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Trial by a judge without jury

4. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Forfeiture
Defense Attorney
Probation

5. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Young - male - minority - poor
The FBI
Anger Managment
Total Instutution

6. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Pennsylvania System
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Substantive Rights

7. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Self-incrimination
Jail
Went down steadily

8. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1.4 million
7 Million Americans
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

9. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

10. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Minimum-Security Prison
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Property crimes

11. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
18
Increasing

12. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restorative Justice
Assembly line
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

13. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Minimum-Security Prison
Furlough
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

14. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

15. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Indigent Defendant
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Assembly line

16. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Community Service Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Halfway House
Make-believe family

17. Motion for a direct verdict
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Boot Camp
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

18. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

19. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Trial by a judge without jury

20. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Established customs and traditions

21. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Established customs and traditions
Assembly line
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Trial by a judge without jury

22. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Anger Managment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served simultaneously
The views of powerful elites in society

23. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

24. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Established customs and traditions
The procedural criminal law
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Maximum-Security

25. Delinquents
Work Release
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Assembly line

26. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Summer
Self-defense and insanity
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Assembly line

27. Right to confront witnesses
Sentence served one after another
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The place and its charecteristics

28. Concurrent Jursidiction
Recoupment
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

29. Competent Standard

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30. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Day Fees
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

31. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Restitution
$200 billion
90%

32. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
18
Fine
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1.4 million

33. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Intermediate Sanctions
Public Defender
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

34. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Day Fees
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

35. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Private attorneys
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

36. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Society expects them to be criminals
The local police
Self-incrimination
Marriage

37. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Shock Incarceration
Marriage
Indigent Defendant
Obstacle course

38. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Day Fees
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

39. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
New York (Auburn) System
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

40. Peremptory Challenge
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Jail
Work Release

41. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

42. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Sentence served one after another
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

43. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Enter a plea
Increasing
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

44. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Property crimes
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Restorative Justice
Jail

45. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Forfeiture
1.4 million
Diversion
The views of powerful elites in society

46. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
A fixed term of incarceration
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Boot Camp
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

47. Consecutive sentence
Day Fees
1.4 million
Sentence served one after another
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

48. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
The place and its charecteristics
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Maximum-Security
Established customs and traditions

49. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Highway Patrol
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

50. Problem of Re-entry
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Prison