Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Young - male - minority - poor
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Total Instutution

2. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Community Service Restitution
Parole
Society expects them to be criminals

3. What is Duress?
Grand Jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Prison
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

4. Bench Trial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Trial by a judge without jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

5. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Defense Attorney
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

6. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Indigent Defendant
The place and its charecteristics

7. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
The procedural criminal law
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

8. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Established customs and traditions
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

9. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Shock Incarceration
16
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Restorative Justice

10. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

11. Judicial Waiver
Forfeiture
Probation
Diversion
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

12. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Substantive Rights
New York (Auburn) System
House Arrest
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

13. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Highway Patrol

14. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Community Service Restitution
Went down steadily
7 Million Americans
Increasing

15. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Highway Patrol
Anger Managment

16. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
90%
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The views of powerful elites in society
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

17. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Parole

18. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Probation
18
Marriage

19. Probation failure correlates to...
Restorative Justice
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

20. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Recoupment

21. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Community Service Restitution
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Make-believe family

22. Miranda Rights...
New York (Auburn) System
Jail
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

23. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Self-defense and insanity
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

24. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
90%
Pennsylvania System
$200 billion
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

25. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Went down steadily
Enter a plea
The place and its charecteristics

26. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Community Service Restitution
Maximum-Security
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

27. Alternative Correctional Institution
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Jail
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

28. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Grand Jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

29. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Minimum-Security Prison
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Test for one's competents to stand trial

30. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Community Service Restitution
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

31. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The U.S. Marshall

32. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

33. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Obstacle course
16

34. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Community Treatment

35. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
7 Million Americans
$200 billion

36. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Revocation
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Make-believe family
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

37. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Defense Attorney

38. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
The local police
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

39. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Grand Jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Forfeiture
Furlough

40. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Intake
Restitution
Revocation

41. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Society expects them to be criminals
Property crimes
A fixed term of incarceration

42. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Shock Probation
A fixed term of incarceration

43. Models of sentencing
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

44. Mandatory Sentence
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Increasing
Community Treatment

45. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
7 Million Americans
Social agent
Shock Probation

46. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Private attorneys
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The FBI

47. Concurrent Sentence
The views of powerful elites in society
Sentence served simultaneously
Higher
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

48. Problems of Parole
Recoupment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Shock Incarceration
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

49. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Established customs and traditions
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

50. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile