Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pre-Sentence Investigation

2. Mandatory Sentence
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

3. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Forfeiture
New York (Auburn) System
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Marriage

4. What are characteristics of inmates
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Young - male - minority - poor
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Intake

5. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Halfway House
Parole
Recoupment

6. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Prison
Highway Patrol
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
House Arrest

7. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Grand Jury
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

8. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Restitution
Substantive Rights
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1.4 million

9. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Total Instutution
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The local police
The FBI

10. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Probation
A fixed term of incarceration
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

11. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Make-believe family
Probation Rules
Prison
The FBI

12. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
House Arrest
Higher
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

13. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

14. Trial Process
Private attorneys
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
90%

15. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Shock Incarceration
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

16. Judicial Waiver
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Revocation
About 10 felony arrests per month

17. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

18. Competent Standard

19. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Increasing
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

20. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Pennsylvania System
Diversion
The local police
Restitution

21. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The FBI
Property crimes

22. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Social agent
nolle prosequi
Community Treatment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

23. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Community Service Restitution
Community Treatment
Defense Attorney

24. Women Imprisoned
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Young - male - minority - poor

25. What is Duress?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The FBI
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

26. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The place and its charecteristics
Penitentiary House
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Pennsylvania System

27. Concurrent Jursidiction
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Anger Managment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

28. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Substantive Rights

29. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Restorative Justice
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Anger Managment

30. Right to be competent at trail

31. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Probation Rules
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Shock Incarceration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

32. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

33. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
House Arrest
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Shock Probation

34. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Anger Managment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Society expects them to be criminals
Day Fees

35. Truth in Sentencing
Society expects them to be criminals
16
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

36. Right to counsel
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

37. Three Strikes Law
18
New York (Auburn) System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

38. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Sentence served simultaneously
Marriage
Young - male - minority - poor

39. Problems of Parole
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Young - male - minority - poor
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The place and its charecteristics

40. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Penitentiary House
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

41. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The procedural criminal law

42. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Increasing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The U.S. Marshall
Young - male - minority - poor

43. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The place and its charecteristics
Increasing
Defense Attorney

44. Delinquents
The place and its charecteristics
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
New York (Auburn) System
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

45. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defense Attorney
Public Defender

46. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Maximum-Security
Enter a plea
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

47. Jury Selection

48. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Highway Patrol

49. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Furlough
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Enter a plea
A crime that is considered especially immoral

50. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Probation Rules
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Restorative Justice