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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Status Offenders
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

2. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Boot Camp
Super Maximum-Security Prison

3. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Pennsylvania System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Subpoena

4. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The FBI
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Higher

5. Alternative Correctional Institution
Total Instutution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Penitentiary House
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

6. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Enter a plea
Make-believe family
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

7. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
90%
Boot Camp
Revocation
Should treat people of different classes equitably

8. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Diversion
Society expects them to be criminals
Forfeiture

9. Evidentiary Standard
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Assembly line
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

10. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
$200 billion
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

11. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Grand Jury
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Community Treatment

12. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Work Release
Super Maximum-Security Prison

13. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Trial by a judge without jury
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Self-incrimination

14. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

15. Models of sentencing
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1.4 million
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
nolle prosequi

16. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Self-incrimination
Community Treatment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Halfway House

17. Jury Selection

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18. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Highway Patrol
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

19. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
A fixed term of incarceration
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Established customs and traditions
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

20. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Furlough
Summer
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

21. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Maximum-Security
Restorative Justice
House Arrest
Shock Incarceration

22. Concurrent Sentence
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Intake
Sentence served simultaneously

23. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Self-incrimination
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Penitentiary House
Enter a plea

24. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Test for one's competents to stand trial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

25. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Defense Attorney
Prison

26. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Indigent Defendant
Restorative Justice

27. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Summer
Shock Incarceration
90%
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

28. Right to compulsory process
18
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Community Treatment

29. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Shock Incarceration
Society expects them to be criminals
Private attorneys

30. Challenged for cause
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Revocation
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

31. Truth in Sentencing
Established customs and traditions
Highway Patrol
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

32. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Revocation
Grand Jury
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

33. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Intermediate Sanctions
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Community Service Restitution

34. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

35. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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36. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Diversion
The views of powerful elites in society
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Sentence served one after another

37. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Anger Managment
A fixed term of incarceration
House Arrest

38. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Intake
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Marriage

39. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Higher
Private attorneys
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

40. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Day Fees
Sentence served simultaneously
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

41. Bench Trial
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Trial by a judge without jury
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

42. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Community Service Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

43. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Jail
Self-defense and insanity
Probation Rules

44. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

45. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
$200 billion
The procedural criminal law

46. Determinate Sentencing
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
7 Million Americans
A fixed term of incarceration
Trial by a judge without jury

47. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

48. Right to counsel
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

49. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Restitution
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

50. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Pennsylvania System
Anger Managment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error