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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
The procedural criminal law
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Shock Probation

2. Challenged for cause
A crime that is considered especially immoral
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
90%
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

3. Good time
Self-incrimination
Self-defense and insanity
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

4. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
$200 billion
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

5. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The local police
16
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

6. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Anger Managment
Summer

7. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Society expects them to be criminals
Make-believe family
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

8. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

9. Concurrent Sentence
Grand Jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Sentence served simultaneously
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

10. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
90%
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Fine

11. Concurrent Jursidiction
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

12. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

13. Alternative Correctional Institution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The local police

14. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Intermediate Sanctions
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

15. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Self-defense and insanity
The place and its charecteristics
Higher

16. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Private attorneys
The local police
Work Release

17. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
The FBI
The place and its charecteristics
Community Service Restitution

18. Right to an impartial jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Community Treatment

19. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Went down steadily
Society expects them to be criminals

20. Right to confront witnesses
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Forfeiture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

21. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Super Maximum-Security Prison
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

22. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Self-defense and insanity
Recoupment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

23. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The place and its charecteristics

24. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Minimum-Security Prison
The views of powerful elites in society
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

25. What are characteristics of inmates
90%
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Young - male - minority - poor

26. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Forfeiture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Went down steadily

27. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Highway Patrol
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
About 10 felony arrests per month
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

28. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Public Defender
1.4 million
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

29. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The procedural criminal law
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

30. Models of sentencing
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Subpoena
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

31. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Self-defense and insanity
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Boot Camp

32. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Diversion
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Forfeiture

33. Mandatory Sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The place and its charecteristics
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Work Release

34. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Grand Jury
Day Fees
Social agent
Established customs and traditions

35. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Make-believe family
Self-defense and insanity

36. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Indigent Defendant
Defense Attorney
Assembly line

37. Evidentiary Standard
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Society expects them to be criminals
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

38. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Revocation
The place and its charecteristics
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

39. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Work Release
1.4 million
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
New York (Auburn) System

40. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intake
Established customs and traditions
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

41. Statutory Jurisdiction
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Shock Incarceration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

42. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Highway Patrol
Probation Rules

43. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Grand Jury
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

44. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Defense Attorney
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Minimum-Security Prison

45. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Fine
Higher
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

46. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
7 Million Americans
Sentence served simultaneously
Maximum-Security
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

47. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
7 Million Americans
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

48. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Boot Camp

49. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

50. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison

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