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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Judicial Waiver
Test for one's competents to stand trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

2. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Forfeiture
Indigent Defendant
Highway Patrol

3. Verdict
Sentence served simultaneously
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

4. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Public Defender
$200 billion
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

5. Duties of probation officers
Higher
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Restitution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

6. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
About 10 felony arrests per month
Self-defense and insanity
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

7. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Trial by a judge without jury
18

8. Mandatory Sentence
Established customs and traditions
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Make-believe family
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

9. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Community Service Restitution
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Test for one's competents to stand trial

10. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Self-defense and insanity
Increasing
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

11. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
16
Went down steadily
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

12. What is General Deterrence?
Increasing
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

13. The sentence
Property crimes
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
A fixed term of incarceration

14. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Property crimes
Shock Probation
Society expects them to be criminals
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

15. Right to public trial
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Increasing
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

16. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

17. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Society expects them to be criminals
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

18. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
nolle prosequi
Restorative Justice
The procedural criminal law

19. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Minimum-Security Prison

20. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

21. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
A fixed term of incarceration
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

22. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
New York (Auburn) System
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

23. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Prison
Jail
18
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

24. Concurrent Sentence
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
18
Public Defender
Sentence served simultaneously

25. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Pre-Sentence Investigation
$200 billion
Fine
The views of powerful elites in society

26. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
18
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Private attorneys

27. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Subpoena
Community Treatment
Minimum-Security Prison

28. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Boot Camp
Revocation
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

29. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1.4 million
Community Service Restitution
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

30. Right to counsel
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Make-believe family

31. Consecutive sentence
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Sentence served one after another
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

32. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Sentence served simultaneously
The FBI
A crime that is considered especially immoral

33. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Social agent
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

34. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Public Defender
Revocation
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

35. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Public Defender
Probation Rules
About 10 felony arrests per month

36. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Boot Camp
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Intake

37. Trial Process
Indigent Defendant
Make-believe family
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

38. Problems of Parole
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The FBI
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Intake

39. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Marriage
Intake
Test for one's competents to stand trial

40. Determinate Sentencing
Work Release
A fixed term of incarceration
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The views of powerful elites in society

41. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Restitution
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

42. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Work Release
The local police
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Were considered highly educated in their time period

43. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Intake

44. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Minimum-Security Prison
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1.4 million
Recoupment

45. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Forfeiture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

46. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Grand Jury

47. Evidentiary Standard
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Higher
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

48. Problem of Re-entry
Parole
Obstacle course
Self-defense and insanity
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

49. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
18

50. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Self-incrimination
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

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