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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Three Strikes Law
Grand Jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The FBI
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

2. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Subpoena
Sentence served simultaneously
16

3. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Grand Jury
Indigent Defendant

4. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
The procedural criminal law
Work Release
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

5. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Social agent
Total Instutution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Society expects them to be criminals

6. Goals of Punishment
16
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Obstacle course

7. The substantive criminal law...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The procedural criminal law
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Sentence served one after another

8. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Work Release
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

9. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Self-incrimination
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
16
Marriage

10. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Marriage
90%

11. Indeterminate Sentencing
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
$200 billion

12. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The U.S. Marshall

13. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

14. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Community Service Restitution
Revocation
House Arrest
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

15. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

16. Trial Process
Property crimes
About 10 felony arrests per month
Probation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

17. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Furlough
Revocation
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

18. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Community Service Restitution
Community Treatment

19. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
A fixed term of incarceration
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

20. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Maximum-Security
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Shock Incarceration

21. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Private attorneys
Restitution

22. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

23. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Indigent Defendant
Pennsylvania System

24. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Halfway House

25. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Established customs and traditions
Probation Rules
Fine

26. Right to an impartial jury
Anger Managment
Assembly line
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

27. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Private attorneys
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

28. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Restorative Justice
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Penitentiary House
Shock Incarceration

29. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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30. Capital Punishment
Minimum-Security Prison
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Diversion

31. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Restitution
Penitentiary House

32. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Total Instutution
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

33. Right to counsel
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. Concurrent Sentence
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Obstacle course
Sentence served simultaneously
Forfeiture

35. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Private attorneys
Boot Camp
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

36. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Self-defense and insanity
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
1.4 million

37. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Established customs and traditions
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

38. Models of sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

39. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

40. Right to compulsory process
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Higher
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

41. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
The place and its charecteristics
Trial by a judge without jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

42. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

43. What is Duress?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
A fixed term of incarceration
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

44. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Self-defense and insanity

45. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Probation Rules
16
Self-incrimination
The place and its charecteristics

46. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

47. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Enter a plea
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Intake

48. Duties of probation officers
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Assembly line
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Property crimes

49. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
New York (Auburn) System
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

50. Right to confront witnesses
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Assembly line
When a jury member is challenged for no reason