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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Revocation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

2. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Assembly line
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

3. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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4. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The local police
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
A crime that is considered especially immoral

5. What is General Deterrence?
Intake
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The local police
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

6. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Probation Rules
Probation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

7. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Property crimes
16
Halfway House
Were considered highly educated in their time period

8. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Sentence served one after another
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

9. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Total Instutution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

10. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Furlough
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

11. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Make-believe family
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

12. Three Strikes Law
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Substantive Rights
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

13. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

14. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Shock Probation
Penitentiary House
Increasing
90%

15. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Probation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Trial by a judge without jury

16. Problems of Parole
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Higher

17. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Restorative Justice
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

18. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
16
Restitution

19. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

20. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served one after another
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

21. Concurrent Jursidiction
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

22. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Self-incrimination
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Prison

23. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The views of powerful elites in society
Jail
Should treat people of different classes equitably

24. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Enter a plea
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

25. Capital Punishment
18
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Parole

26. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
New York (Auburn) System
Public Defender
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

27. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Revocation
Furlough
nolle prosequi
Young - male - minority - poor

28. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

29. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The place and its charecteristics
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Highway Patrol

30. Miranda Rights...
Parole
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

31. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

32. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Assembly line
Self-defense and insanity
Pre-Sentence Investigation
7 Million Americans

33. Consecutive sentence
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Sentence served one after another
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

34. Problem of Re-entry
Substantive Rights
The procedural criminal law
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

35. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

36. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
New York (Auburn) System

37. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Jail
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Probation Rules

38. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Social agent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Trial by a judge without jury

39. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

40. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Recoupment
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Shock Incarceration

41. Challenged for cause
Shock Incarceration
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

42. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
18
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Jail
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

43. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Work Release
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

44. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Social agent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The place and its charecteristics

45. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
90%
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Went down steadily
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

46. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Established customs and traditions
Community Treatment
Shock Probation

47. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
nolle prosequi
Total Instutution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Super Maximum-Security Prison

48. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Obstacle course
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

49. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The local police
Restorative Justice

50. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Shock Probation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Community Service Restitution

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