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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Assembly line

2. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Public Defender
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Marriage
Parole

3. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Social agent
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

4. Truth in Sentencing
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

5. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Shock Incarceration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

6. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Day Fees
Marriage
Private attorneys
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

7. Bench Trial
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Community Treatment
Trial by a judge without jury
Test for one's competents to stand trial

8. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Self-defense and insanity
Furlough
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

9. Problems of Parole
Subpoena
The FBI
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

10. Right to confront witnesses
Summer
Community Treatment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
House Arrest

11. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Maximum-Security
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

12. Right to compulsory process
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

13. Right to be competent at trail

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14. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Assembly line
Furlough

15. Concurrent Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Sentence served simultaneously
nolle prosequi
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

16. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
House Arrest
Self-incrimination
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

17. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

18. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Community Treatment
Social agent
Assembly line
Diversion

19. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
House Arrest
Were considered highly educated in their time period
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

20. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Sentence served one after another
Day Fees

21. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Obstacle course
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

22. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Restitution

23. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Restorative Justice
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

24. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Sentence served one after another
Probation
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

25. Problem of Re-entry
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
18
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

26. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Anger Managment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Social agent

27. Women Imprisoned
Intermediate Sanctions
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

28. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
16
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

29. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Diversion
Recoupment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

30. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Shock Incarceration
Highway Patrol
Anger Managment
Boot Camp

31. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
$200 billion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The procedural criminal law
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

32. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Increasing
Intermediate Sanctions

33. The substantive criminal law...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

34. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

35. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Social agent
Intermediate Sanctions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

36. Mandatory Sentence
Community Treatment
Went down steadily
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

37. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Restitution
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

38. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Work Release
Grand Jury
Enter a plea
Make-believe family

39. Miranda Rights...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Maximum-Security
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

40. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Property crimes
Highway Patrol
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Trial by a judge without jury

41. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Restitution
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

42. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Halfway House

43. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Subpoena
Work Release
Obstacle course
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

44. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

45. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Self-defense and insanity
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Private attorneys

46. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Self-incrimination
Intake
Anger Managment

47. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Work Release
Obstacle course
Property crimes
Prison

48. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Fine
Work Release
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
A crime that is considered especially immoral

49. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Community Treatment
Sentence served one after another
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

50. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The local police