Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Community Treatment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
90%
Jail

2. Consecutive sentence
Community Service Restitution
Shock Incarceration
Probation
Sentence served one after another

3. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Self-defense and insanity
Shock Incarceration
Defense Attorney

4. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Total Instutution
New York (Auburn) System
Subpoena

5. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Self-defense and insanity
18
About 10 felony arrests per month

6. Delinquents
7 Million Americans
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
nolle prosequi

7. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

8. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Probation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defense Attorney
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

9. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Assembly line
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Furlough
7 Million Americans

10. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Social agent
Defense Attorney

11. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defense Attorney
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

12. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Total Instutution
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

13. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
18
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Grand Jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

14. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Restitution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

15. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Grand Jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

16. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The procedural criminal law

17. Duties of probation officers
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
House Arrest
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

18. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established customs and traditions

19. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Penitentiary House

20. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Property crimes
90%
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

21. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Higher
Make-believe family
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

22. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Parole
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Private attorneys

23. Verdict
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Indigent Defendant
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

24. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
1.4 million
Young - male - minority - poor
House Arrest

25. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
7 Million Americans
Intermediate Sanctions
Established customs and traditions

26. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Property crimes
Minimum-Security Prison

27. Probation failure correlates to...
Went down steadily
$200 billion
Assembly line
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

28. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Make-believe family
Forfeiture

29. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Restorative Justice
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Should treat people of different classes equitably

30. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Sentence served one after another
Minimum-Security Prison
Halfway House
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

31. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The U.S. Marshall
Boot Camp

32. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Obstacle course
House Arrest
Increasing

33. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Social agent
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

34. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The views of powerful elites in society
A fixed term of incarceration
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

35. Arguments for the Death Penalty

36. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
Enter a plea
Subpoena
Property crimes

37. Trial Process
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

38. Evidentiary Standard
Private attorneys
Restorative Justice
Revocation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

39. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Subpoena
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Total Instutution

40. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Indigent Defendant
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Higher
Established customs and traditions

41. Judicial Waiver
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Enter a plea
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

42. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Diversion
Recoupment

43. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Pennsylvania System

44. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Boot Camp
1.4 million
Were considered highly educated in their time period

45. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Probation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

46. Argument against the Death Penalty
The U.S. Marshall
Substantive Rights
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Intermediate Sanctions

47. Good time
Diversion
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Defense Attorney
Shock Probation

48. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Sentence served one after another
Day Fees
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

49. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
House Arrest
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

50. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Test for one's competents to stand trial
New York (Auburn) System
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide