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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Trial by a judge without jury
Higher

2. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
nolle prosequi
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Self-incrimination
Work Release

3. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Boot Camp

4. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Community Service Restitution
The local police

5. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The procedural criminal law
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

6. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
A crime that is considered especially immoral
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

7. Delinquents
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

8. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Society expects them to be criminals
New York (Auburn) System
House Arrest
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

9. Probation failure correlates to...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Jail

10. Right to be competent at trail

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11. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Shock Incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The procedural criminal law

12. Problem of Re-entry
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Work Release
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

13. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

14. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
90%

15. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Society expects them to be criminals
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

16. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Jail
Went down steadily
Intermediate Sanctions

17. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Revocation
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

18. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Went down steadily
New York (Auburn) System

19. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Young - male - minority - poor
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

20. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Intermediate Sanctions
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Summer

21. Jury Selection

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22. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Assembly line
Went down steadily

23. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Pre-Sentence Investigation

24. Indeterminate Sentencing
Went down steadily
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

25. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Defense Attorney
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Self-defense and insanity

26. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Halfway House
7 Million Americans

27. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
$200 billion
Pre-Sentence Investigation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
7 Million Americans

28. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Recoupment
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

29. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Sentence served one after another
New York (Auburn) System
Private attorneys
Shock Incarceration

30. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Society expects them to be criminals
Marriage
Intake
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

31. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Public Defender
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

32. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Shock Incarceration
Established customs and traditions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

33. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

34. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Social agent
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

35. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Probation Rules
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
A crime that is considered especially immoral

36. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
nolle prosequi
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

37. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The place and its charecteristics
About 10 felony arrests per month
Sentence served simultaneously

38. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The FBI
Prison

39. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Boot Camp
Diversion
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
18

40. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Assembly line
Higher

41. Statutory Jurisdiction
Total Instutution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Make-believe family
18

42. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Anger Managment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

43. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

44. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Grand Jury
Furlough
Maximum-Security

45. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Jail
The local police

46. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Society expects them to be criminals
Intake
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

47. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Obstacle course
Highway Patrol

48. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Anger Managment
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Marriage

49. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

50. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Subpoena
Boot Camp