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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
The local police
Intake
House Arrest
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

2. Consecutive sentence
Make-believe family
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Sentence served one after another
New York (Auburn) System

3. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Social agent
Total Instutution
Maximum-Security

4. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

5. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Fine
Obstacle course
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

6. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
$200 billion
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

7. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Went down steadily
Higher
Revocation
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

8. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

9. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The views of powerful elites in society
Subpoena
Test for one's competents to stand trial

10. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Community Treatment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

11. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Property crimes
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Obstacle course

12. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Marriage
Intake

13. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Halfway House
1.4 million
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

14. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Minimum-Security Prison
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Make-believe family

15. Trial Process
Jail
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Marriage
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

16. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Enter a plea
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

17. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

18. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
$200 billion
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
90%

19. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

20. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Grand Jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Enter a plea

21. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The views of powerful elites in society
Enter a plea

22. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Forfeiture
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

23. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

24. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Social agent
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The views of powerful elites in society

25. Right to confront witnesses
Intermediate Sanctions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

26. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Shock Probation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
$200 billion

27. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Self-defense and insanity
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Probation

28. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Community Treatment
Should treat people of different classes equitably

29. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Grand Jury
Intermediate Sanctions
Halfway House

30. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Probation Rules
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
New York (Auburn) System

31. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
nolle prosequi
Substantive Rights
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

32. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Forfeiture
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

33. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
7 Million Americans
Sentence served one after another
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

34. Duties of probation officers
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Community Service Restitution
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

35. Jury Selection

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36. Indeterminate Sentencing
Fine
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

37. Mandatory Sentence
Higher
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
nolle prosequi
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

38. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
A fixed term of incarceration
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Total Instutution
Shock Incarceration

39. Verdict
Recoupment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The procedural criminal law

40. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Self-defense and insanity
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Parole

41. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Society expects them to be criminals
7 Million Americans
Assembly line

42. Motion for a direct verdict
Community Treatment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

43. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Probation Rules
Penitentiary House
Super Maximum-Security Prison

44. The substantive criminal law...
Self-incrimination
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Forfeiture
Obstacle course

45. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The procedural criminal law
nolle prosequi
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

46. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Intermediate Sanctions
Restitution
Community Treatment
Pennsylvania System

47. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
18

48. Delinquents
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

49. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The procedural criminal law
Sentence served one after another
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The FBI

50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Day Fees
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects