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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to be competent at trail

2. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Restitution
Penitentiary House
Assembly line

3. Problem of Re-entry
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Pennsylvania System
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
The procedural criminal law

4. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
The U.S. Marshall
Minimum-Security Prison
Halfway House
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

5. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Obstacle course

6. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
New York (Auburn) System
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

7. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The local police

8. Delinquents
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
House Arrest
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

9. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Jail
Day Fees

10. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
18
7 Million Americans
Went down steadily
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

11. Jury Selection

12. Argument against the Death Penalty
Parole
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

13. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Grand Jury
Pre-Sentence Investigation
House Arrest

14. The sentence
Marriage
$200 billion
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Increasing

15. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Anger Managment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Fine

16. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Increasing
House Arrest
Higher
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

17. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Marriage
Maximum-Security
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

18. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Forfeiture
Anger Managment
The FBI

19. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

20. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Penitentiary House
Self-defense and insanity

21. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Substantive Rights
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
$200 billion

22. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Highway Patrol
Self-incrimination

23. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Obstacle course
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Fine

24. Status Offenders
Jail
90%
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Make-believe family

25. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Boot Camp
Minimum-Security Prison

26. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

27. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

28. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Probation Rules
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
New York (Auburn) System

29. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Penitentiary House
Make-believe family
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
A crime that is considered especially immoral

30. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Day Fees
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Self-defense and insanity

31. What is General Deterrence?
Self-incrimination
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Probation

32. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Substantive Rights
The U.S. Marshall
Trial by a judge without jury

33. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Furlough
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

34. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Day Fees
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Total Instutution

35. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Revocation
Pennsylvania System
Young - male - minority - poor

36. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
7 Million Americans
About 10 felony arrests per month
Higher

37. Competent Standard

38. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Intermediate Sanctions
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Higher
Pre-Sentence Investigation

39. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Intake
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Fine

40. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Defense Attorney
Intermediate Sanctions
Enter a plea
Halfway House

41. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Jail
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Shock Probation

42. Indeterminate Sentencing
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Halfway House
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Went down steadily

43. Duties of probation officers
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Jail
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

44. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

45. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Substantive Rights
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

46. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
A crime that is considered especially immoral
7 Million Americans
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

47. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Defense Attorney
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

48. Verdict
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Make-believe family
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

49. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Work Release
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
$200 billion

50. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Sentence served simultaneously
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The place and its charecteristics