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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Went down steadily
Summer
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

2. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Super Maximum-Security Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

3. Jury Selection

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4. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Indigent Defendant
Pre-Sentence Investigation
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Day Fees

5. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The procedural criminal law
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Shock Incarceration

6. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Maximum-Security
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Community Treatment

7. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Grand Jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
18
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

8. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Parole
Prison
Probation Rules
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

9. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
New York (Auburn) System

10. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Minimum-Security Prison
Marriage

11. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
About 10 felony arrests per month
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Summer

12. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
7 Million Americans
Higher

13. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Highway Patrol
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Community Service Restitution

14. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Private attorneys
Public Defender
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

15. Verdict
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Young - male - minority - poor
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Highway Patrol

16. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Pre-Sentence Investigation

17. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
A fixed term of incarceration
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

18. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Penitentiary House
Defense Attorney

19. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Community Treatment
Established customs and traditions
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

20. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Community Service Restitution
Substantive Rights

21. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Substantive Rights
Total Instutution
Assembly line
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

22. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Self-incrimination
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

23. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Young - male - minority - poor
Intermediate Sanctions

24. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Penitentiary House
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Probation Rules

25. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Indigent Defendant
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

26. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Marriage
The place and its charecteristics
Restitution
Assembly line

27. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Self-incrimination

28. Competent Standard

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29. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The local police

30. Right to public trial
The local police
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Minimum-Security Prison

31. Right to counsel
Day Fees
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

32. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
7 Million Americans
Furlough
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

33. What is Duress?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Trial by a judge without jury
Intermediate Sanctions
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

34. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation

35. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Maximum-Security
A fixed term of incarceration
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

36. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Intermediate Sanctions
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

37. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

38. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

39. Challenged for cause
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Self-incrimination
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

40. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
18
Fine
Super Maximum-Security Prison

41. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

42. Motion for a direct verdict
Probation Rules
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Intake
$200 billion

43. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
The FBI
nolle prosequi
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

44. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restorative Justice
Grand Jury
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

45. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Penitentiary House
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1.4 million
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

46. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Forfeiture
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

47. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Higher
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

48. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Forfeiture
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Pennsylvania System
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

49. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Fine
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
nolle prosequi

50. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Increasing
Marriage
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence