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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Community Treatment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Private attorneys
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

2. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Parole
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

3. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
The FBI
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

4. Goals of Punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Parole
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

5. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Work Release
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

6. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Property crimes
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

7. Mandatory Sentence
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Private attorneys
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Intermediate Sanctions

8. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

9. Jury Selection

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10. Indeterminate Sentencing
New York (Auburn) System
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
16
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

11. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Increasing
Work Release

12. The sentence
Increasing
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Prison
Social agent

13. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Restorative Justice
The local police
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

14. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Indigent Defendant
Assembly line
About 10 felony arrests per month
18

15. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
$200 billion
Revocation
Restorative Justice

16. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
The FBI
Fine
Obstacle course
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

17. Motion for a direct verdict
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

18. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Shock Probation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Increasing
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

19. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Work Release
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

20. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Trial by a judge without jury
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

21. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Furlough
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

22. Right to counsel
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

23. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Revocation

24. The substantive criminal law...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Private attorneys
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Highway Patrol

25. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

26. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Grand Jury
Shock Incarceration
Social agent

27. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
Property crimes
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Fine

28. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Enter a plea

29. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Intake
Indigent Defendant
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

30. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Sentence served one after another
nolle prosequi
House Arrest

31. Good time
The U.S. Marshall
Forfeiture
The views of powerful elites in society
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

32. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Increasing
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

33. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
nolle prosequi
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

34. Argument against the Death Penalty
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The local police

35. Problem of Re-entry
The U.S. Marshall
Indigent Defendant
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

36. Right to compulsory process
Prison
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

37. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Intake
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Obstacle course

38. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Probation Rules
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

39. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Maximum-Security
Shock Incarceration

40. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Recoupment
Went down steadily
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

41. Miranda Rights...
90%
Assembly line
7 Million Americans
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

42. Judicial Waiver
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

43. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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44. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
16
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

45. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Assembly line
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

46. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Highway Patrol
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Were considered highly educated in their time period
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

47. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Penitentiary House
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

48. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Established customs and traditions
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Halfway House
The procedural criminal law

49. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Sentence served simultaneously
Work Release

50. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Anger Managment
Obstacle course