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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Public Defender
Halfway House
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

2. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Defense Attorney
A crime that is considered especially immoral

3. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
The FBI
Restorative Justice
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

4. Evidentiary Standard
The local police
Obstacle course
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

5. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Community Treatment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

6. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Property crimes
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

7. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Private attorneys
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Shock Incarceration
16

8. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
16
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

9. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Day Fees
Property crimes
Test for one's competents to stand trial

10. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Enter a plea
Make-believe family
Revocation
Sentence served one after another

11. Delinquents
Indigent Defendant
Community Treatment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

12. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Halfway House
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Indigent Defendant
Should treat people of different classes equitably

13. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Young - male - minority - poor
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

14. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Summer
Trial by a judge without jury
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

15. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The FBI

16. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

17. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Society expects them to be criminals
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The procedural criminal law
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

18. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Furlough

19. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Higher
Obstacle course
Work Release
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

20. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
18
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Boot Camp
Highway Patrol

21. Good time
1.4 million
Day Fees
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

22. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Society expects them to be criminals
Enter a plea
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should treat people of different classes equitably

23. Truth in Sentencing
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Shock Probation
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Super Maximum-Security Prison

24. Models of sentencing
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

25. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Test for one's competents to stand trial

26. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Prison

27. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Probation Rules
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

28. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Halfway House
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Higher

29. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The local police
Pre-Sentence Investigation

30. Factors that Influence Sentencing
The local police
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

31. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
16
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Furlough

32. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Probation Rules
Community Service Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

33. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Diversion
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
About 10 felony arrests per month
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

34. Right to be competent at trail

35. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
The place and its charecteristics
Revocation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

36. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
The U.S. Marshall
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Substantive Rights

37. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
A fixed term of incarceration
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

38. Determinate Sentencing
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
A fixed term of incarceration
Shock Incarceration

39. Right to compulsory process
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Community Service Restitution
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

40. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Work Release
Community Treatment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

41. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Minimum-Security Prison
Make-believe family

42. Argument against the Death Penalty
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Pennsylvania System

43. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
The procedural criminal law
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

44. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
nolle prosequi
Restitution

45. Right to public trial
Probation
Intake
Sentence served simultaneously
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

46. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Obstacle course
The U.S. Marshall

47. Indeterminate Sentencing
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Furlough
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

48. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Revocation
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

49. What is Duress?
Anger Managment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Prison

50. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Social agent
Boot Camp
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history