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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Fine
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
House Arrest

2. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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3. Problem of Re-entry
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

4. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
The place and its charecteristics
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Public Defender
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

5. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Recoupment
Prison
Private attorneys

6. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Property crimes
Forfeiture

7. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Enter a plea
Penitentiary House
Probation

8. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served one after another

9. Trial Process
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Fine

10. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
$200 billion
Anger Managment

11. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The procedural criminal law
Sentence served simultaneously
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

12. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
The U.S. Marshall
Make-believe family
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Indigent Defendant

13. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

14. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Increasing
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Highway Patrol

15. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Marriage
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Highway Patrol

16. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Social agent
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

17. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The place and its charecteristics

18. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Defense Attorney
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

19. Peremptory Challenge
Probation
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Marriage
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

20. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
The views of powerful elites in society
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Fine

21. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
Sentence served simultaneously
New York (Auburn) System
About 10 felony arrests per month

22. Right to be competent at trail

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23. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Young - male - minority - poor
Intake
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

24. Bench Trial
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Young - male - minority - poor
Parole
Trial by a judge without jury

25. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Jail
Established customs and traditions
Private attorneys

26. Right to public trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Private attorneys
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Intermediate Sanctions

27. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Higher
Anger Managment

28. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

29. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Public Defender

30. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Obstacle course

31. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Diversion
Defense Attorney

32. Right to confront witnesses
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
House Arrest

33. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Obstacle course
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Sentence served simultaneously
Summer

34. Capital Punishment
Increasing
The U.S. Marshall
New York (Auburn) System
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

35. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Marriage
The place and its charecteristics
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

36. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Total Instutution
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Minimum-Security Prison

37. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Public Defender
Social agent
18
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

38. Challenged for cause
Revocation
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

39. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Restorative Justice
Probation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

40. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Probation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

41. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Highway Patrol
Halfway House
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Penitentiary House

42. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Work Release

43. Truth in Sentencing
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
A fixed term of incarceration

44. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Subpoena
Parole

45. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1.4 million
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

46. Judicial Waiver
Probation
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Prison

47. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Trial by a judge without jury
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

48. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Jail
Private attorneys
nolle prosequi
Forfeiture

49. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Probation
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

50. Duties of probation officers
House Arrest
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Established customs and traditions