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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Work Release
Defense Attorney
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Restorative Justice

2. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Halfway House

3. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Restorative Justice
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
18

4. Jury Selection

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5. Indeterminate Sentencing
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Pre-Sentence Investigation

6. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Restitution
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Social agent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

7. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

8. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Prison
The U.S. Marshall
Defense Attorney

9. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Revocation
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

10. Concurrent Jursidiction
90%
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

11. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

12. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Recoupment
Increasing
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
7 Million Americans

13. Problems of Parole
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

14. Right to an impartial jury
The views of powerful elites in society
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Intermediate Sanctions
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

15. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The U.S. Marshall
7 Million Americans

16. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Parole

17. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Probation
Make-believe family

18. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

19. Miranda Rights...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Diversion
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

20. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Increasing
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

21. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Probation Rules
House Arrest
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Make-believe family

22. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Restorative Justice

23. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Social agent
Obstacle course
Grand Jury
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

24. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Prison
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
18

25. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Went down steadily
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Trial by a judge without jury

26. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Obstacle course
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Society expects them to be criminals

27. Alternative Correctional Institution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

28. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The FBI
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

29. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Recoupment
The local police
A fixed term of incarceration
Subpoena

30. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defense Attorney
House Arrest
Established customs and traditions

31. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Indigent Defendant
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

32. What are characteristics of inmates
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
nolle prosequi
Young - male - minority - poor
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

33. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Social agent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Shock Incarceration
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

34. Models of sentencing
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1.4 million
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Enter a plea

35. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
A fixed term of incarceration
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

36. Truth in Sentencing
Substantive Rights
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

37. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Halfway House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

38. Motion for a direct verdict
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Social agent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Community Service Restitution

39. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Obstacle course

40. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Penitentiary House

41. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Established customs and traditions
Pennsylvania System

42. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Subpoena
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

43. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Defense Attorney
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

44. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Forfeiture
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

45. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Higher

46. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Young - male - minority - poor
Summer
Property crimes

47. Status Offenders
Substantive Rights
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Public Defender

48. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
90%
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Shock Probation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

49. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Public Defender
1.4 million

50. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Property crimes
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Pennsylvania System
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest