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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Private attorneys
Make-believe family
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

2. Status Offenders
16
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Highway Patrol
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

3. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
90%
Young - male - minority - poor

4. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Diversion
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

5. Right to counsel
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Minimum-Security Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

6. Miranda Rights...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Probation Rules
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

7. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
90%
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Jail
Fine

8. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Highway Patrol

9. Bench Trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Private attorneys
Make-believe family
Trial by a judge without jury

10. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1.4 million
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

11. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

12. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Community Treatment
Test for one's competents to stand trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

13. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Subpoena
Jail
Community Service Restitution
Were considered highly educated in their time period

14. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Restitution
Public Defender
Forfeiture

15. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Summer
Total Instutution
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Forfeiture

16. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

17. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Make-believe family
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The FBI
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

18. Motion for a direct verdict
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Minimum-Security Prison
Make-believe family
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

19. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Young - male - minority - poor

20. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Pennsylvania System
The local police

21. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Restitution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The procedural criminal law
Parole

22. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Property crimes
Furlough
The local police

23. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The views of powerful elites in society
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Parole
Self-defense and insanity

24. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Work Release
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Defense Attorney

25. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
90%
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Higher

26. Concurrent Jursidiction
Enter a plea
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

27. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Assembly line
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

28. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Recoupment
16
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

29. Mandatory Sentence
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Revocation
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

30. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Summer
Social agent
About 10 felony arrests per month
Anger Managment

31. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Halfway House
Maximum-Security

32. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
The U.S. Marshall
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
18

33. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
New York (Auburn) System
The views of powerful elites in society

34. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Work Release
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Self-incrimination

35. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Probation
Restorative Justice
Self-incrimination

36. What is General Deterrence?
Social agent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

37. What is Duress?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

38. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Were considered highly educated in their time period
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

39. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Restitution
$200 billion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

40. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1.4 million
The FBI
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

41. Peremptory Challenge
Prison
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Community Treatment

42. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Work Release
Halfway House

43. The sentence
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

44. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Obstacle course
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

45. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Diversion
Obstacle course
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Sentence served simultaneously

46. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Pennsylvania System
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

47. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Work Release
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

48. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Parole
Probation Rules
18

49. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Super Maximum-Security Prison
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

50. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Halfway House