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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Public Defender
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Halfway House
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

2. Verdict
The FBI
Revocation
Probation Rules
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

3. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Obstacle course
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
House Arrest

4. Consecutive sentence
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Jail
Sentence served one after another

5. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Marriage

6. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
18
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

7. Models of sentencing
Self-incrimination
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
$200 billion

8. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Indigent Defendant
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Jail

9. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Defense Attorney
Sentence served one after another

10. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Substantive Rights

11. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Community Service Restitution
Diversion

12. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Minimum-Security Prison
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

13. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Pennsylvania System
Probation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

14. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Substantive Rights
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

15. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Restitution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Minimum-Security Prison

16. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

17. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Parole
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

18. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Intermediate Sanctions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Shock Probation
Work Release

19. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Pennsylvania System
Make-believe family
The U.S. Marshall
The FBI

20. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Day Fees
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Probation
The local police

21. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Revocation
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

22. Problems of Parole
Higher
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Work Release
Minimum-Security Prison

23. Miranda Rights...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Defense Attorney

24. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Highway Patrol
Diversion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

25. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
18
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Pennsylvania System

26. Alternative Correctional Institution
Probation Rules
Diversion
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Community Treatment

27. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The FBI
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

28. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

29. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Pennsylvania System

30. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Society expects them to be criminals
Probation
Assembly line
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

31. Motion for a direct verdict
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

32. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
The views of powerful elites in society
Trial by a judge without jury
Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

33. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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34. Three Strikes Law
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

35. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Shock Incarceration
The U.S. Marshall
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

36. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Intermediate Sanctions
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Indigent Defendant

37. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Higher
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

38. Bench Trial
The views of powerful elites in society
Shock Incarceration
Furlough
Trial by a judge without jury

39. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Increasing

40. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Furlough
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The procedural criminal law

41. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Obstacle course
nolle prosequi

42. The substantive criminal law...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

43. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Forfeiture
Maximum-Security
Restorative Justice
Society expects them to be criminals

44. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Self-defense and insanity

45. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Boot Camp
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

46. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Sentence served one after another
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Community Service Restitution

47. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Self-incrimination
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Boot Camp

48. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Increasing
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights

49. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Diversion
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

50. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.