Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

2. Women Imprisoned
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

3. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Forfeiture
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

4. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The procedural criminal law
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Sentence served simultaneously

5. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Penitentiary House
Enter a plea

6. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Probation Rules
Restorative Justice
Went down steadily

7. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Increasing

8. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Marriage
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

9. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Grand Jury
Furlough
New York (Auburn) System

10. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
New York (Auburn) System
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Restorative Justice

11. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Shock Probation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

12. Probation failure correlates to...
1.4 million
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Restitution

13. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

14. Competent Standard

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

15. Argument against the Death Penalty
Shock Incarceration
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Probation Rules
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

16. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

17. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Intermediate Sanctions
Halfway House
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

18. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The FBI
Fine

19. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Substantive Rights
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Diversion

20. Peremptory Challenge
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
90%
Social agent

21. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Diversion

22. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Community Treatment
The place and its charecteristics
Society expects them to be criminals

23. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
New York (Auburn) System
Higher

24. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
90%
Grand Jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

25. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
House Arrest
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

26. Right to confront witnesses
The U.S. Marshall
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
90%
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

27. Good time
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Boot Camp
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

28. Jury Selection

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

29. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Maximum-Security
Summer
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Intermediate Sanctions

30. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Grand Jury
7 Million Americans

31. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Penitentiary House
Higher
Intermediate Sanctions

32. Truth in Sentencing
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Sentence served one after another
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Substantive Rights

33. Mandatory Sentence
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

34. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

35. Arguments for the Death Penalty

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

36. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Boot Camp
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

37. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The U.S. Marshall
Pre-Sentence Investigation

38. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Marriage
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Summer
Subpoena

39. Consecutive sentence
Probation Rules
Community Treatment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Sentence served one after another

40. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Maximum-Security
nolle prosequi
The views of powerful elites in society
Pre-Sentence Investigation

41. Models of sentencing
Jail
The views of powerful elites in society
16
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

42. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Day Fees
Private attorneys
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

43. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
18

44. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Make-believe family
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

45. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Intake
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

46. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Private attorneys
Indigent Defendant
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Day Fees

47. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
$200 billion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

48. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Public Defender
Minimum-Security Prison
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

49. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Fine
Increasing
Assembly line
Probation

50. Concurrent Sentence
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
7 Million Americans
Established customs and traditions
Sentence served simultaneously