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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Property crimes
Furlough
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The U.S. Marshall

2. Concurrent Jursidiction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The views of powerful elites in society
Society expects them to be criminals

3. Competent Standard

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4. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

5. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Self-incrimination
About 10 felony arrests per month
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
The views of powerful elites in society

6. Evidentiary Standard
18
A crime that is considered especially immoral
nolle prosequi
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

7. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Forfeiture
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

8. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Marriage
Furlough
7 Million Americans
The place and its charecteristics

9. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Community Service Restitution
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Revocation

10. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Diversion
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Obstacle course

11. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

12. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
7 Million Americans
Forfeiture

13. Challenged for cause
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Were considered highly educated in their time period

14. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

15. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Sentence served simultaneously
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Established customs and traditions

16. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Property crimes
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

17. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
The views of powerful elites in society
nolle prosequi
Probation Rules
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

18. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

19. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Work Release
Indigent Defendant
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

20. The substantive criminal law...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Higher
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

21. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Shock Probation
Marriage
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1.4 million

22. Models of sentencing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Higher

23. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1.4 million
The FBI
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
New York (Auburn) System

24. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Anger Managment
Subpoena
Indigent Defendant
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

25. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Assembly line
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Highway Patrol
Furlough

26. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The FBI
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Anger Managment

27. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
Maximum-Security
Work Release
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

28. Peremptory Challenge
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Pennsylvania System

29. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Penitentiary House
The FBI

30. Concurrent Sentence
Assembly line
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation
Sentence served simultaneously

31. Right to an impartial judge
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Should treat people of different classes equitably

32. Trial Process
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

33. Problem of Re-entry
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Minimum-Security Prison
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

34. Truth in Sentencing
Intermediate Sanctions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Assembly line
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

35. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Enter a plea
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Public Defender

36. Indeterminate Sentencing
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
New York (Auburn) System
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

37. Duties of probation officers
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

38. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Young - male - minority - poor
Should treat people of different classes equitably

39. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Increasing
Work Release
The local police

40. Bench Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Trial by a judge without jury
Self-defense and insanity
Private attorneys

41. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

42. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
$200 billion
Day Fees
Established customs and traditions
Shock Probation

43. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Diversion
Established customs and traditions
A crime that is considered especially immoral
90%

44. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Total Instutution
Fine

45. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
7 Million Americans
Higher

46. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Went down steadily
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

47. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Parole

48. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Indigent Defendant
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

49. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Marriage

50. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Community Service Restitution
Summer
Maximum-Security
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.