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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Diversion
Highway Patrol
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

2. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The place and its charecteristics
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

3. Determinate Sentencing
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
A fixed term of incarceration
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

4. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Pennsylvania System
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

5. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
18
House Arrest
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Restorative Justice

6. Statutory Jurisdiction
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

7. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Restorative Justice

8. Right to counsel
Subpoena
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

9. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Jail
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

10. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Self-incrimination
Enter a plea

11. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Shock Probation

12. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Enter a plea
Penitentiary House
Jail

13. Jury Selection

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14. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

15. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Self-defense and insanity
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Boot Camp
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

16. Three Strikes Law
16
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

17. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Parole
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

18. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
The U.S. Marshall
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Intermediate Sanctions
Established customs and traditions

19. Capital Punishment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

20. What is General Deterrence?
18
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Restitution
The place and its charecteristics

21. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Probation Rules
Property crimes
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

22. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Community Treatment
Young - male - minority - poor
Recoupment

23. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
New York (Auburn) System
Increasing

24. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Restitution
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
A fixed term of incarceration
Fine

25. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Grand Jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

26. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society
Total Instutution

27. Truth in Sentencing
Private attorneys
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

28. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Public Defender
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The views of powerful elites in society
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

29. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Subpoena

30. Trial Process
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

31. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Pennsylvania System
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

32. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Furlough
Parole
$200 billion

33. The sentence
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

34. Indeterminate Sentencing
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

35. Goals of Punishment
Day Fees
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

36. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

37. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Maximum-Security
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

38. Right to compulsory process
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Minimum-Security Prison

39. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Enter a plea

40. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The views of powerful elites in society
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

41. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Social agent
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

42. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Assembly line
House Arrest
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

43. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
18
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
The place and its charecteristics
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

44. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
nolle prosequi
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The local police
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

45. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Increasing
Restitution

46. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Minimum-Security Prison
Social agent
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

47. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Day Fees
Self-defense and insanity
Furlough
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

48. Problems of Parole
Social agent
Shock Probation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

49. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Diversion
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

50. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Sentence served one after another
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
90%
Social agent