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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Forfeiture
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
A fixed term of incarceration

2. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Higher
Recoupment

3. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

4. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Intermediate Sanctions

5. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Sentence served one after another
Society expects them to be criminals
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Self-incrimination

6. Argument against the Death Penalty
Obstacle course
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
House Arrest

7. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Revocation
Make-believe family
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

8. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The U.S. Marshall
Society expects them to be criminals
Self-defense and insanity

9. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Fine
Should treat people of different classes equitably

10. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Went down steadily

11. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Subpoena
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

12. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Intermediate Sanctions

13. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
90%

14. Right to an impartial jury
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Community Service Restitution
Revocation

15. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

16. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
16
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

17. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

18. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Grand Jury
Social agent

19. Models of sentencing
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

20. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Revocation
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Private attorneys
Total Instutution

21. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Diversion
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

22. Right to public trial
Obstacle course
Diversion
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

23. Peremptory Challenge
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

24. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Furlough
Recoupment
Shock Incarceration

25. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
House Arrest
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Self-defense and insanity

26. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Fine
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

27. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Increasing

28. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Penitentiary House
Anger Managment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

29. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Assembly line
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

30. Evidentiary Standard
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Shock Probation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

31. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The place and its charecteristics
Were considered highly educated in their time period

32. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Boot Camp
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

33. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
$200 billion

34. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Public Defender
Maximum-Security
Property crimes

35. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
7 Million Americans
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Enter a plea

36. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

37. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Defense Attorney
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

38. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Anger Managment
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
7 Million Americans

39. Verdict
New York (Auburn) System
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Community Service Restitution
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

40. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Higher
Maximum-Security
16
1.4 million

41. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Intake
Marriage
About 10 felony arrests per month
Make-believe family

42. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Prison
Forfeiture
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

43. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Increasing
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

44. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Minimum-Security Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Self-incrimination
Higher

45. Right to confront witnesses
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Boot Camp

46. The substantive criminal law...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Maximum-Security
Marriage

47. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Recoupment
Shock Incarceration
Self-defense and insanity

48. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The views of powerful elites in society
Summer

49. Duties of probation officers
Total Instutution
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

50. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Substantive Rights
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt