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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Women Imprisoned
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
16
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

2. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Went down steadily
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Highway Patrol

3. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1.4 million
The views of powerful elites in society
Indigent Defendant

4. Consecutive sentence
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Anger Managment
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Sentence served one after another

5. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
About 10 felony arrests per month

6. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Total Instutution
Property crimes
Probation
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

7. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Diversion
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

8. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Enter a plea

9. Three Strikes Law
Pennsylvania System
Furlough
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

10. Determinate Sentencing
Indigent Defendant
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
A fixed term of incarceration
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

11. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Anger Managment
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Private attorneys

12. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Assembly line

13. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Substantive Rights
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Self-defense and insanity
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

14. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Marriage
Community Service Restitution
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

15. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Parole
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Established customs and traditions

16. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Test for one's competents to stand trial
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

17. The substantive criminal law...
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Obstacle course
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

18. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Self-incrimination
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Increasing

19. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
nolle prosequi
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Trial by a judge without jury
Minimum-Security Prison

20. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Increasing
7 Million Americans

21. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The FBI
Restorative Justice
Restitution

22. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
18
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

23. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Make-believe family
Young - male - minority - poor

24. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
A fixed term of incarceration
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

25. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Probation
Obstacle course
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

26. Problems of Parole
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
7 Million Americans
Self-defense and insanity
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

27. Jury Selection

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28. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Community Service Restitution
90%
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

29. Bench Trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
House Arrest
Trial by a judge without jury
The U.S. Marshall

30. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Probation
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

31. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Established customs and traditions
90%
Day Fees

32. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Penitentiary House
Probation Rules
Pre-Sentence Investigation
90%

33. Right to an impartial judge
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Property crimes

34. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Jail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Work Release

35. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Sentence served one after another
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

36. Statutory Jurisdiction
New York (Auburn) System
Probation Rules
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

37. Concurrent Jursidiction
Private attorneys
Summer
The U.S. Marshall
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

38. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Trial by a judge without jury
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Sentence served one after another

39. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1.4 million
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

40. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Subpoena
Super Maximum-Security Prison
A crime that is considered especially immoral

41. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
16
The procedural criminal law
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

42. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Defense Attorney
18

43. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
18
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

44. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

45. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Intermediate Sanctions

46. Peremptory Challenge
Went down steadily
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Increasing

47. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

48. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Private attorneys
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

49. Judicial Waiver
Sentence served one after another
Make-believe family
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

50. What is General Deterrence?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Work Release

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