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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Maximum-Security

2. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Fine
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

3. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Sentence served simultaneously
Anger Managment
Forfeiture
Parole

4. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

5. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Diversion
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The FBI
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

6. Judicial Waiver
Shock Incarceration
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

7. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
$200 billion
Indigent Defendant
16
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

8. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Self-defense and insanity
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

9. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Society expects them to be criminals

10. Problems of Parole
House Arrest
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
90%

11. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Maximum-Security
Intermediate Sanctions
Defense Attorney

12. Evidentiary Standard
Pennsylvania System
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Community Service Restitution

13. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The procedural criminal law
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

14. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Revocation

15. Trial Process
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

16. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Property crimes
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Trial by a judge without jury
Substantive Rights

17. Right to counsel
House Arrest
Forfeiture
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

18. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Self-incrimination
Private attorneys
Trial by a judge without jury

19. The sentence
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

20. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Went down steadily
Fine
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Social agent

21. Determinate Sentencing
nolle prosequi
A fixed term of incarceration
Higher
Went down steadily

22. What are characteristics of inmates
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-defense and insanity
Young - male - minority - poor
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

23. Concurrent Jursidiction
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Defense Attorney
Substantive Rights

24. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Make-believe family
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

25. Peremptory Challenge
Forfeiture
Community Service Restitution
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Restitution

26. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

27. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Assembly line
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

28. Bench Trial
Young - male - minority - poor
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Trial by a judge without jury

29. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
The place and its charecteristics
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Anger Managment
Parole

30. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The place and its charecteristics
Went down steadily
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

31. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Furlough
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

32. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
16
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

33. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Maximum-Security

34. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Substantive Rights
Society expects them to be criminals
Were considered highly educated in their time period

35. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Property crimes
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

36. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

37. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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38. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Shock Probation
Private attorneys

39. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Minimum-Security Prison
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The U.S. Marshall

40. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Penitentiary House
Community Service Restitution

41. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Assembly line
Intake

42. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Prison
1.4 million
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

43. Challenged for cause
House Arrest
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
About 10 felony arrests per month
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

44. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Total Instutution
Shock Probation
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
90%

45. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Substantive Rights
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Marriage
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

46. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
Increasing
Sentence served one after another
Diversion

47. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Furlough
Established customs and traditions

48. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Restitution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

49. Miranda Rights...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Probation

50. Duties of probation officers
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Went down steadily
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

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