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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Self-defense and insanity
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

2. Status Offenders
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Higher
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

3. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Shock Incarceration
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
House Arrest
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

4. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Recoupment
Substantive Rights
Were considered highly educated in their time period

5. Statutory Jurisdiction
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

6. Challenged for cause
The place and its charecteristics
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

7. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

8. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
A fixed term of incarceration
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Maximum-Security

9. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Forfeiture
Shock Probation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Substantive Rights

10. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
18
Furlough
Maximum-Security

11. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Forfeiture
A fixed term of incarceration
Community Service Restitution
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

12. Capital Punishment
Prison
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

13. Determinate Sentencing
Fine
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
A fixed term of incarceration

14. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Property crimes
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Social agent

15. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Higher
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Pennsylvania System
nolle prosequi

16. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Furlough
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

17. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Established customs and traditions
Summer

18. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

19. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Penitentiary House
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Summer

20. What are characteristics of inmates
Super Maximum-Security Prison
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Young - male - minority - poor
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

21. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Self-incrimination
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
$200 billion

22. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Halfway House
Revocation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

23. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Subpoena
About 10 felony arrests per month
16
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

24. Problems of Parole
Revocation
Summer
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

25. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Substantive Rights
Sentence served simultaneously
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Higher

26. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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27. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Restorative Justice
Public Defender
Recoupment
Penitentiary House

28. Indeterminate Sentencing
Day Fees
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
A fixed term of incarceration
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

29. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Community Treatment

30. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

31. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
nolle prosequi
Forfeiture
Work Release
Jail

32. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Self-incrimination
The local police

33. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Parole
Probation Rules
Halfway House

34. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Higher

35. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Restorative Justice
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The local police
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

36. Models of sentencing
Subpoena
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

37. Concurrent Jursidiction
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Shock Incarceration

38. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
18
Restitution
16

39. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Probation
Assembly line
The place and its charecteristics
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

40. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
A crime that is considered especially immoral

41. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Self-defense and insanity
Defense Attorney
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

42. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
16
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

43. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
16
Penitentiary House
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

44. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
A fixed term of incarceration
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
A crime that is considered especially immoral
7 Million Americans

45. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The FBI
Fine
Community Treatment

46. Right to be competent at trail

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47. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Parole
Community Treatment
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

48. Right to an impartial judge
Furlough
Halfway House
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

49. Concurrent Sentence
The place and its charecteristics
Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously
Revocation

50. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Substantive Rights
Shock Incarceration
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Restitution