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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Forfeiture
Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Work Release

2. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Self-defense and insanity
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1.4 million

3. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Diversion
Shock Incarceration

4. Problem of Re-entry
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Maximum-Security

5. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Prison
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Established customs and traditions
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

6. What is Duress?
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

7. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Total Instutution
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Fine
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

8. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Probation
Shock Probation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Private attorneys

9. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Maximum-Security
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Revocation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

10. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

11. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
18
Enter a plea
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

12. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Restorative Justice
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The FBI

13. Verdict
Self-incrimination
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
7 Million Americans
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

14. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Self-incrimination
The procedural criminal law
The local police

15. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Jail
Substantive Rights
Defense Attorney

16. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Went down steadily
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

17. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Social agent
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

18. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
$200 billion

19. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
18
Young - male - minority - poor
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
nolle prosequi

20. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Fine
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

21. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Assembly line

22. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

23. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Property crimes
Self-defense and insanity
Public Defender

24. Concurrent Sentence
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Total Instutution
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously

25. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Total Instutution
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1.4 million

26. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
nolle prosequi
Higher
Forfeiture
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

27. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Grand Jury
Increasing
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

28. Mandatory Sentence
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

29. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The FBI
The local police
Anger Managment

30. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

31. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Private attorneys
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Minimum-Security Prison

32. Challenged for cause
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

33. Three Strikes Law
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Probation
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

34. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

35. Concurrent Jursidiction
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Shock Probation
Pennsylvania System
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

36. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
A fixed term of incarceration
The place and its charecteristics
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

37. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Went down steadily
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Pennsylvania System
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

38. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Probation
Young - male - minority - poor
A fixed term of incarceration
18

39. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Diversion
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Pre-Sentence Investigation

40. Right to an impartial jury
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

41. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

42. Arguments for the Death Penalty

43. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Make-believe family

44. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Day Fees
Restorative Justice

45. Statutory Jurisdiction
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

46. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Enter a plea
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

47. Goals of Punishment
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Sentence served simultaneously
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Went down steadily

48. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Restorative Justice
Intake

49. What is General Deterrence?
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
About 10 felony arrests per month
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

50. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Self-defense and insanity
Penitentiary House
Maximum-Security
A fixed term of incarceration