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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Duties of probation officers
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
$200 billion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

2. Argument against the Death Penalty
Went down steadily
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

3. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
House Arrest
Community Treatment
The place and its charecteristics
Anger Managment

4. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
7 Million Americans
Probation
Furlough

5. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
A crime that is considered especially immoral

6. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
The procedural criminal law
Obstacle course
$200 billion

7. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served simultaneously
Indigent Defendant
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

8. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The procedural criminal law
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

9. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Summer
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Halfway House

10. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Grand Jury
Community Service Restitution
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

11. Women Imprisoned
Self-defense and insanity
Shock Probation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

12. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Shock Incarceration
90%
Furlough
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

13. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Sentence served simultaneously
The local police
Social agent
7 Million Americans

14. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Revocation
Went down steadily
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

15. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Boot Camp
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

16. Consecutive sentence
18
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Sentence served one after another
About 10 felony arrests per month

17. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The U.S. Marshall
Young - male - minority - poor
Social agent

18. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Work Release
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

19. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Work Release

20. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Established customs and traditions
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Property crimes

21. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Restorative Justice
Public Defender
Furlough
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

22. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
The place and its charecteristics
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

23. Delinquents
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

24. Problems of Parole
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The place and its charecteristics

25. The sentence
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Restitution
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

26. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
90%
New York (Auburn) System
Grand Jury
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

27. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Society expects them to be criminals

28. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Day Fees
Penitentiary House
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

29. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Total Instutution
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Society expects them to be criminals

30. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Restitution

31. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Total Instutution
The procedural criminal law

32. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Grand Jury
Day Fees

33. Competent Standard

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34. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Were considered highly educated in their time period
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

35. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Community Service Restitution
Maximum-Security
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

36. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

37. Factors that Influence Sentencing
nolle prosequi
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Pre-Sentence Investigation

38. Judicial Waiver
Probation Rules
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Assembly line
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

39. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
$200 billion
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

40. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

41. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Public Defender
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Assembly line
The procedural criminal law

42. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Enter a plea
Fine
Social agent

43. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Defense Attorney
Diversion
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Public Defender

44. The substantive criminal law...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

45. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The FBI

46. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Higher

47. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Marriage
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

48. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Social agent
90%
Defense Attorney

49. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Recoupment
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

50. Right to speedy trial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Probation Rules
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others