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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Substantive Rights
The local police
Grand Jury

2. Competent Standard

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3. Statutory Jurisdiction
$200 billion
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

4. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Went down steadily
Recoupment
Subpoena
Obstacle course

5. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Subpoena
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Sentence served simultaneously

6. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Property crimes
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Forfeiture

7. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Maximum-Security
nolle prosequi

8. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Self-incrimination
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Summer

9. Evidentiary Standard
The procedural criminal law
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Trial by a judge without jury

10. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Boot Camp
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

11. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Higher

12. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The procedural criminal law
Restitution
1.4 million

13. Consecutive sentence
Sentence served one after another
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

14. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Jail
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Society expects them to be criminals

15. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
7 Million Americans
The local police
Social agent

16. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Sentence served one after another
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

17. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Prison
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

18. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Test for one's competents to stand trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

19. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The procedural criminal law
Obstacle course
Restitution

20. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
A crime that is considered especially immoral

21. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Probation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Community Treatment

22. Right to counsel
Went down steadily
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Revocation
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

23. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Highway Patrol
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Shock Incarceration

24. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Grand Jury
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Jail

25. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Make-believe family
The views of powerful elites in society
Day Fees

26. Determinate Sentencing
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
A fixed term of incarceration
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

27. Challenged for cause
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Community Treatment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

28. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
A crime that is considered especially immoral

29. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
A fixed term of incarceration
Parole
The local police
The FBI

30. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Day Fees
Shock Incarceration
90%
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

31. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Fine
Community Treatment
Higher
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

32. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Enter a plea
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

33. Delinquents
Community Service Restitution
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Work Release
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

34. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Make-believe family
90%
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

35. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The place and its charecteristics
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

36. Bench Trial
Established customs and traditions
Trial by a judge without jury
Enter a plea
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

37. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established customs and traditions

38. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Work Release
Indigent Defendant

39. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Community Service Restitution
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
New York (Auburn) System

40. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Work Release
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

41. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Restitution
Self-incrimination
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

42. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Were considered highly educated in their time period
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

43. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
The place and its charecteristics
Indigent Defendant
Sentence served simultaneously
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

44. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Penitentiary House
Work Release
Probation

45. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Trial by a judge without jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Pre-Sentence Investigation

46. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Anger Managment
18

47. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Anger Managment

48. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
House Arrest
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

49. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Went down steadily
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

50. What is General Deterrence?
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Pennsylvania System