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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Penitentiary House
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

2. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Maximum-Security
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

3. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Assembly line
Test for one's competents to stand trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

4. Truth in Sentencing
90%
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
18

5. Consecutive sentence
Grand Jury
Sentence served one after another
16
Shock Probation

6. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
The local police
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The FBI
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

7. Right to be competent at trail

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8. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Increasing
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

9. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Enter a plea
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

10. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Property crimes
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Highway Patrol

11. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Prison
Probation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

12. Right to an impartial jury
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

13. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Probation Rules
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

14. Duties of probation officers
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

15. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1.4 million
Parole

16. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Forfeiture
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
A fixed term of incarceration
Went down steadily

17. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Probation Rules
Probation
Recoupment
Increasing

18. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Minimum-Security Prison
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Enter a plea

19. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Make-believe family
Self-defense and insanity
Jail
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

20. Problems of Parole
Self-defense and insanity
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Shock Incarceration

21. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Grand Jury
Obstacle course

22. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Maximum-Security

23. Challenged for cause
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Social agent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

24. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Minimum-Security Prison
Make-believe family
Shock Probation

25. Bench Trial
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The local police
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Trial by a judge without jury

26. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

27. Trial Process
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Day Fees
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

28. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Pre-Sentence Investigation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
18

29. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Indigent Defendant
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

30. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Social agent
The local police
Increasing
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

31. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Recoupment
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The views of powerful elites in society
Increasing

32. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
The place and its charecteristics
Diversion
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Self-defense and insanity

33. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
A fixed term of incarceration
Halfway House
Marriage

34. Evidentiary Standard
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Diversion
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

35. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

36. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
House Arrest
Went down steadily
Indigent Defendant

37. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Forfeiture
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The views of powerful elites in society

38. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
The local police
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Fine

39. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Higher
Anger Managment
Social agent
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

40. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The U.S. Marshall
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Super Maximum-Security Prison

41. The sentence
Marriage
Parole
The place and its charecteristics
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

42. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Parole
90%
Intermediate Sanctions

43. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The local police
Property crimes
The views of powerful elites in society
Increasing

44. Capital Punishment
Trial by a judge without jury
Society expects them to be criminals
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Increasing

45. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Test for one's competents to stand trial
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

46. Right to public trial
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

47. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Increasing
Community Service Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously
Highway Patrol

48. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Society expects them to be criminals
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

49. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Restorative Justice
Work Release
Assembly line
Halfway House

50. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Intake
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Established customs and traditions
Self-defense and insanity