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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Total Instutution
Were considered highly educated in their time period
nolle prosequi

2. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The FBI

3. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Halfway House
Indigent Defendant
Boot Camp
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

4. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Jail
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

5. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Revocation
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Private attorneys
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

6. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

7. The substantive criminal law...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The local police
Community Service Restitution

8. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Prison
Restitution
The local police

9. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Sentence served one after another
Established customs and traditions
18
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

10. Right to counsel
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Jail
Total Instutution

11. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Community Service Restitution

12. What is General Deterrence?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Were considered highly educated in their time period
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

13. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Community Treatment
About 10 felony arrests per month
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

14. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Work Release
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

15. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Recoupment
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

16. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
16
Self-incrimination

17. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Pre-Sentence Investigation
18

18. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

19. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Defense Attorney
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

20. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Trial by a judge without jury
Shock Probation
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

21. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Maximum-Security
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1.4 million

22. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
House Arrest
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Trial by a judge without jury

23. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
$200 billion
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

24. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Summer
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
$200 billion
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

25. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
A crime that is considered especially immoral
A fixed term of incarceration
7 Million Americans

26. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Parole
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Boot Camp

27. The sentence
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Halfway House
Trial by a judge without jury

28. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Revocation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Jail
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

29. Right to confront witnesses
Penitentiary House
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Went down steadily
Substantive Rights

30. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
A fixed term of incarceration
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

31. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Penitentiary House
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Assembly line
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

32. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Summer
Enter a plea
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

33. Three Strikes Law
Maximum-Security
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Intermediate Sanctions

34. Concurrent Jursidiction
Revocation
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

35. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Super Maximum-Security Prison

36. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Summer
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The U.S. Marshall

37. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Enter a plea
Jail
Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

38. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Furlough
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Work Release
Fine

39. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
The place and its charecteristics
Marriage
Fine
Restorative Justice

40. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Fine
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

41. Probation failure correlates to...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Marriage
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

42. Status Offenders
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The FBI

43. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Subpoena
Social agent
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

44. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Prison
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

45. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Recoupment

46. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Trial by a judge without jury

47. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Probation Rules
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

48. Goals of Punishment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
7 Million Americans
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

49. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
16
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Subpoena

50. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Increasing
Day Fees
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Pennsylvania System