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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
16
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Probation Rules
Increasing

2. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Restitution
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
18

3. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Probation Rules
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

4. Delinquents
Total Instutution
Forfeiture
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

5. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Probation
7 Million Americans
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Intermediate Sanctions

6. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Society expects them to be criminals
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

7. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

8. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Indigent Defendant
Public Defender
The views of powerful elites in society
Shock Probation

9. Right to public trial
The local police
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

10. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
1.4 million
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Revocation
Private attorneys

11. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Probation Rules
Revocation
The FBI

12. Right to compulsory process
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defense Attorney
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

13. Motion for a direct verdict
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Young - male - minority - poor
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

14. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Sentence served simultaneously
The place and its charecteristics
The FBI
Anger Managment

15. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Public Defender
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The views of powerful elites in society

16. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1.4 million
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Probation

17. Right to an impartial jury
Sentence served simultaneously
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Intermediate Sanctions
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

18. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Should treat people of different classes equitably
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Sentence served simultaneously

19. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Assembly line
New York (Auburn) System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

20. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Went down steadily
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Should treat people of different classes equitably

21. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Boot Camp
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Intake

22. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
A crime that is considered especially immoral
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

23. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Pennsylvania System
Grand Jury
Furlough

24. Right to confront witnesses
Intake
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Property crimes
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

25. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Community Service Restitution
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

26. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Highway Patrol
Shock Probation
Total Instutution

27. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Make-believe family
Restorative Justice

28. The sentence
Self-defense and insanity
Assembly line
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

29. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Subpoena
Went down steadily
Prison
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

30. Problems of Parole
Penitentiary House
Restorative Justice
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

31. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

32. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Assembly line
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Young - male - minority - poor

33. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

34. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

35. Right to be competent at trail

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36. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Maximum-Security
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Subpoena

37. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Summer
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Shock Incarceration

38. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Enter a plea
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Society expects them to be criminals
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

39. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Social agent
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Trial by a judge without jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

40. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Obstacle course
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

41. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Forfeiture
Community Treatment
The views of powerful elites in society

42. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

43. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Pennsylvania System
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Trial by a judge without jury
Self-defense and insanity

44. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Recoupment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

45. Judicial Waiver
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

46. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Boot Camp
New York (Auburn) System
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

47. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Private attorneys
Public Defender
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

48. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Society expects them to be criminals
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Established customs and traditions
Subpoena

49. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Probation
Shock Incarceration
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

50. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Increasing
Summer
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

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