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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Problems of Parole
$200 billion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

2. Judicial Waiver
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Private attorneys
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

3. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

4. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

5. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Property crimes
New York (Auburn) System

6. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Work Release
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Fine

7. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Property crimes

8. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Probation

9. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Summer
Total Instutution
Self-incrimination
The local police

10. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Furlough
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

11. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Make-believe family
7 Million Americans
Self-defense and insanity
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

12. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Community Service Restitution
Enter a plea
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

13. Right to an impartial judge
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The place and its charecteristics

14. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Marriage
Make-believe family
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

15. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Work Release
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Marriage

16. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
The place and its charecteristics
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

17. Delinquents
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The U.S. Marshall

18. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Shock Probation
Total Instutution

19. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
7 Million Americans
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
90%
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

20. Peremptory Challenge
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Recoupment
New York (Auburn) System
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

21. Probation failure correlates to...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Work Release
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

22. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Restitution

23. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Sentence served simultaneously
Minimum-Security Prison
Summer

24. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
The views of powerful elites in society
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

25. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Total Instutution
Diversion
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
90%

26. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
Highway Patrol
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

27. Right to speedy trial
Subpoena
The procedural criminal law
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The FBI

28. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

29. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Marriage
A fixed term of incarceration
Trial by a judge without jury
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

30. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Day Fees

31. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Anger Managment
90%
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

32. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Probation Rules
18

33. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Community Service Restitution
Forfeiture
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

34. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
90%
Make-believe family
Penitentiary House

35. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Pennsylvania System
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

36. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Highway Patrol
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Marriage
The views of powerful elites in society

37. Right to public trial
Restorative Justice
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

38. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Defense Attorney

39. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Went down steadily
Private attorneys
Substantive Rights

40. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Revocation
Total Instutution
Make-believe family
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

41. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Total Instutution
$200 billion
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

42. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

43. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Substantive Rights
Property crimes
Recoupment

44. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
$200 billion
Boot Camp
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

45. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Total Instutution
New York (Auburn) System
The FBI
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

46. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Went down steadily
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

47. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Higher
New York (Auburn) System
Grand Jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

48. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
$200 billion
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Shock Probation

49. What is General Deterrence?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Society expects them to be criminals
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

50. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Minimum-Security Prison
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Grand Jury