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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
The local police
Self-defense and insanity
16
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

2. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Prison
Higher
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Make-believe family

3. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Penitentiary House
New York (Auburn) System
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Super Maximum-Security Prison

4. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
nolle prosequi
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

5. Truth in Sentencing
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Self-defense and insanity
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

6. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Intake
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Marriage
The procedural criminal law

7. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Went down steadily
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

8. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Went down steadily
Property crimes
Public Defender

9. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Pennsylvania System
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

10. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
House Arrest
The procedural criminal law
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

11. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Intermediate Sanctions
Grand Jury
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

12. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Diversion
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
The FBI

13. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Society expects them to be criminals
Defense Attorney
Marriage
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

14. Challenged for cause
The U.S. Marshall
Parole
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

15. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Self-defense and insanity
Day Fees
Parole
Pre-Sentence Investigation

16. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The U.S. Marshall
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Property crimes

17. Right to speedy trial
Forfeiture
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
$200 billion
Grand Jury

18. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
The place and its charecteristics
Anger Managment

19. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Trial by a judge without jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

20. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
16
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

21. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Boot Camp
Maximum-Security
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

22. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1.4 million

23. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Forfeiture

24. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
Make-believe family
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Day Fees

25. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Make-believe family
Defense Attorney
The views of powerful elites in society

26. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Community Service Restitution
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Assembly line
Enter a plea

27. The substantive criminal law...
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Work Release

28. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
7 Million Americans
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

29. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Social agent
Assembly line
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

30. Problems of Parole
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

31. Evidentiary Standard
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1.4 million
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

32. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Summer
Sentence served simultaneously
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

33. Three Strikes Law
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
A fixed term of incarceration
New York (Auburn) System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

34. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
90%
A fixed term of incarceration
Penitentiary House
Intermediate Sanctions

35. Peremptory Challenge
18
Anger Managment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

36. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
18
1.4 million
Halfway House
Obstacle course

37. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Obstacle course
Grand Jury

38. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Substantive Rights
Make-believe family

39. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Social agent
The FBI

40. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Summer
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
$200 billion
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

41. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Intake
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

42. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The procedural criminal law
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
The FBI
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

43. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Went down steadily
7 Million Americans
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

44. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
The place and its charecteristics
Jail
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
A crime that is considered especially immoral

45. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Intermediate Sanctions
Restitution

46. Delinquents
Total Instutution
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

47. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Private attorneys
Established customs and traditions

48. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Private attorneys
Sentence served simultaneously
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
New York (Auburn) System

49. Bench Trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The local police
Trial by a judge without jury

50. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
House Arrest
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic