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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
The place and its charecteristics
Day Fees
16
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

2. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Forfeiture
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

3. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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4. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Jail
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

5. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Pennsylvania System
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Established customs and traditions

6. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Jail
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The views of powerful elites in society

7. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Probation Rules

8. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Furlough
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Community Treatment
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

9. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Work Release
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Halfway House

10. Right to an impartial judge
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Substantive Rights
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
nolle prosequi

11. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Increasing
Established customs and traditions
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

12. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Shock Incarceration
Halfway House

13. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Diversion
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Probation Rules
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

14. Mandatory Sentence
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Recoupment
Higher

15. Models of sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Property crimes
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Self-defense and insanity

16. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
16
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Pennsylvania System

17. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Property crimes
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
House Arrest
Revocation

18. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
The FBI
Intermediate Sanctions
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Boot Camp

19. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Should treat people of different classes equitably

20. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Shock Probation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Parole
Total Instutution

21. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Shock Probation
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

22. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Enter a plea
Pre-Sentence Investigation

23. Truth in Sentencing
Forfeiture
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1.4 million
Super Maximum-Security Prison

24. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Community Treatment
Halfway House
Sentence served one after another

25. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Public Defender
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Restitution

26. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
House Arrest
Prison
Sentence served simultaneously
Enter a plea

27. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Obstacle course
Young - male - minority - poor

28. Good time
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

29. Motion for a direct verdict
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The place and its charecteristics

30. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Increasing
Probation Rules
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

31. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

32. Challenged for cause
The place and its charecteristics
Work Release
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

33. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The U.S. Marshall
Young - male - minority - poor
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

34. Problem of Re-entry
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Marriage

35. Alternative Correctional Institution
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Total Instutution

36. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Marriage
Sentence served simultaneously
$200 billion

37. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
Diversion
About 10 felony arrests per month
Community Service Restitution

38. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Diversion
Parole
House Arrest
Intake

39. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Social agent
Community Service Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

40. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Substantive Rights
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Enter a plea

41. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Trial by a judge without jury
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

42. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The local police
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Self-incrimination

43. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Anger Managment
Assembly line

44. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
The views of powerful elites in society
Furlough
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Total Instutution

45. Right to an impartial jury
Community Treatment
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
New York (Auburn) System
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

46. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Diversion
New York (Auburn) System

47. Right to compulsory process
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Diversion
Intermediate Sanctions
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

48. Three Strikes Law
Shock Probation
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

49. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Subpoena
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Intermediate Sanctions

50. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Pre-Sentence Investigation