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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Competent Standard

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2. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Shock Incarceration
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
A crime that is considered especially immoral

3. Peremptory Challenge
Went down steadily
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Community Service Restitution
Restitution

4. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Parole
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

5. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Trial by a judge without jury
The local police
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

6. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Subpoena
Diversion

7. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Diversion
Probation Rules
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

8. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Anger Managment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

9. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
18

10. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Sentence served simultaneously
nolle prosequi
Furlough
Substantive Rights

11. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Shock Incarceration
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

12. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The U.S. Marshall

13. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Higher

14. Right to public trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

15. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
New York (Auburn) System
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
The place and its charecteristics
Work Release

16. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Community Service Restitution
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Shock Probation

17. Delinquents
Minimum-Security Prison
Intake
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

18. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Day Fees
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The procedural criminal law

19. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

20. What is General Deterrence?
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Sentence served one after another
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Went down steadily

21. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Private attorneys
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Make-believe family

22. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

23. The sentence
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

24. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restitution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

25. The substantive criminal law...
Private attorneys
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Established customs and traditions

26. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

27. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Pre-Sentence Investigation
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

28. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Social agent
Society expects them to be criminals
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Revocation

29. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Self-incrimination
Shock Incarceration

30. Right to counsel
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Marriage
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

31. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Enter a plea
Shock Probation
About 10 felony arrests per month
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

32. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Subpoena
Revocation

33. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Forfeiture
A fixed term of incarceration
Public Defender

34. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Indigent Defendant
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
The U.S. Marshall

35. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1.4 million

36. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Pennsylvania System

37. Judicial Waiver
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

38. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

39. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Pennsylvania System
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Private attorneys
Defense Attorney

40. Mandatory Sentence
Halfway House
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Summer

41. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Prison
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

42. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Assembly line
Increasing
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

43. Challenged for cause
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Intermediate Sanctions
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Were considered highly educated in their time period

44. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
About 10 felony arrests per month
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Higher

45. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
New York (Auburn) System
Substantive Rights
Increasing
Fine

46. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
nolle prosequi
Halfway House

47. Good time
Maximum-Security
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Summer
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

48. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
nolle prosequi
Forfeiture
Boot Camp
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

49. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Indigent Defendant

50. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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