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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Penitentiary House
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

2. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Higher
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Work Release

3. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Total Instutution
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Higher

4. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Maximum-Security
Pennsylvania System

5. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Make-believe family
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

6. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Shock Incarceration
Community Service Restitution
The views of powerful elites in society

7. Consecutive sentence
Enter a plea
Day Fees
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Sentence served one after another

8. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

9. Models of sentencing
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

10. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
New York (Auburn) System
Parole
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

11. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

12. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Test for one's competents to stand trial

13. Right to be competent at trail

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14. What is Duress?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Self-defense and insanity

15. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

16. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Revocation
Day Fees
Increasing
House Arrest

17. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Indigent Defendant
1.4 million
Trial by a judge without jury
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

18. The sentence
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Obstacle course
Grand Jury

19. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Highway Patrol
Community Service Restitution
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Established customs and traditions

20. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Self-defense and insanity
Subpoena
Test for one's competents to stand trial

21. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

22. Right to confront witnesses
Defense Attorney
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

23. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Trial by a judge without jury
Pennsylvania System
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

24. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Fine
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

25. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Make-believe family
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

26. Challenged for cause
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Private attorneys
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

27. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Self-defense and insanity
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Super Maximum-Security Prison

28. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
16
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Pennsylvania System

29. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Boot Camp
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

30. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Intake

31. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Boot Camp
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

32. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Jail
The procedural criminal law
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

33. Delinquents
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Went down steadily
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

34. Miranda Rights...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Sentence served simultaneously
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
7 Million Americans

35. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Recoupment
Self-incrimination
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

36. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Restitution
New York (Auburn) System
Higher
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

37. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Diversion
Increasing
Prison

38. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
The local police
Forfeiture
Grand Jury
Boot Camp

39. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
About 10 felony arrests per month
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Shock Incarceration

40. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The U.S. Marshall
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

41. Mandatory Sentence
Day Fees
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

42. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Private attorneys
Forfeiture
Shock Probation

43. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Diversion

44. Right to speedy trial
Total Instutution
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The place and its charecteristics

45. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Day Fees
Community Service Restitution
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The views of powerful elites in society

46. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Summer

47. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Total Instutution

48. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Trial by a judge without jury
Fine
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Should treat people of different classes equitably

49. Three Strikes Law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Shock Probation
The local police
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

50. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
$200 billion
Total Instutution
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Probation Rules