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Test your basic knowledge |
Criminal Justice
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
law
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
The U.S. Marshall
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Obstacle course
2. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
nolle prosequi
Summer
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Obstacle course
3. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Probation Rules
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
4. Miranda Rights...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Grand Jury
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Maximum-Security
5. Concurrent Jursidiction
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
6. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Higher
$200 billion
Property crimes
Maximum-Security
7. Peremptory Challenge
Penitentiary House
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The U.S. Marshall
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
8. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Diversion
Probation Rules
Super Maximum-Security Prison
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
9. Indeterminate Sentencing
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Parole
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
10. Status Offenders
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Halfway House
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Should treat people of different classes equitably
11. Alternative Correctional Institution
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1.4 million
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
12. Right to speedy trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
90%
13. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Substantive Rights
Penitentiary House
14. What are characteristics of inmates
Marriage
Maximum-Security
Young - male - minority - poor
Community Treatment
15. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Pennsylvania System
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Community Service Restitution
16. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Sentence served one after another
The views of powerful elites in society
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
17. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Forfeiture
Increasing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Private attorneys
18. Right to public trial
The local police
Indigent Defendant
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
19. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Higher
Obstacle course
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
The place and its charecteristics
20. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Boot Camp
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
21. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Highway Patrol
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Went down steadily
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
22. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
23. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Maximum-Security
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
24. Evidentiary Standard
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Pennsylvania System
25. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Total Instutution
House Arrest
Restorative Justice
A crime that is considered especially immoral
26. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
The local police
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
27. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Self-defense and insanity
28. Truth in Sentencing
Fine
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
29. Argument against the Death Penalty
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Fine
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
30. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Make-believe family
Probation Rules
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
31. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Minimum-Security Prison
Public Defender
32. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
33. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Make-believe family
Summer
Revocation
34. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Community Treatment
35. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Highway Patrol
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Shock Incarceration
36. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Jail
Society expects them to be criminals
The place and its charecteristics
37. Mandatory Sentence
Forfeiture
7 Million Americans
Anger Managment
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
38. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
39. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
90%
Revocation
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
40. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
41. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Parole
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Halfway House
House Arrest
42. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
43. Probation failure correlates to...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
16
44. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Pennsylvania System
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
45. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Work Release
Minimum-Security Prison
Social agent
Intermediate Sanctions
46. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Highway Patrol
47. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
The FBI
Jail
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
48. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
49. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Went down steadily
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
The U.S. Marshall
50. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
18
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Defense Attorney