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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Enter a plea
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

2. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Penitentiary House
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Grand Jury

3. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
The procedural criminal law
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Defense Attorney
7 Million Americans

4. Mandatory Sentence
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

5. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
The FBI
Property crimes
Day Fees

6. Judicial Waiver
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
New York (Auburn) System
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

7. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Substantive Rights
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Halfway House

8. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Restitution

9. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
1.4 million
$200 billion
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

10. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Intake
$200 billion
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Social agent

11. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
nolle prosequi
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

12. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
Halfway House
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

13. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The local police
A fixed term of incarceration
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Penitentiary House

14. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
The FBI
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Parole

15. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

16. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Young - male - minority - poor
Revocation

17. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Went down steadily
New York (Auburn) System
Community Treatment
Probation

18. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Increasing
Work Release

19. Capital Punishment
Fine
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

20. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Total Instutution
7 Million Americans

21. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-incrimination
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Self-defense and insanity
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

22. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Prison
Boot Camp

23. Problem of Re-entry
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Trial by a judge without jury
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

24. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Established customs and traditions
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Recoupment
Forfeiture

25. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Summer

26. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
Probation Rules
New York (Auburn) System
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

27. Status Offenders
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Subpoena

28. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Day Fees
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Social agent

29. Jury Selection

30. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
The local police
Private attorneys
Revocation
The place and its charecteristics

31. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Make-believe family
Fine
The local police
Restitution

32. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Restorative Justice
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Established customs and traditions

33. Concurrent Sentence
Young - male - minority - poor
Fine
Sentence served simultaneously
Total Instutution

34. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

35. Arguments for the Death Penalty

36. The substantive criminal law...
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

37. Probation failure correlates to...
nolle prosequi
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

38. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Community Treatment
Probation Rules
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

39. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Marriage
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

40. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Boot Camp
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

41. Determinate Sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The U.S. Marshall
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
A fixed term of incarceration

42. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Restorative Justice
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

43. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
The views of powerful elites in society
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

44. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
90%
1.4 million

45. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The FBI

46. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Trial by a judge without jury
Diversion
Assembly line

47. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Self-defense and insanity
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

48. Three Strikes Law
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Established customs and traditions
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

49. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Self-defense and insanity
Intermediate Sanctions
Shock Incarceration

50. Argument against the Death Penalty
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Private attorneys
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Revocation