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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Self-incrimination
Intermediate Sanctions

2. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Community Service Restitution
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

3. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Minimum-Security Prison
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Total Instutution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

4. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Trial by a judge without jury
Shock Incarceration
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The U.S. Marshall

5. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
Revocation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

6. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Revocation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

7. Miranda Rights...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Public Defender

8. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Trial by a judge without jury
Obstacle course
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

9. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Young - male - minority - poor
The local police
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

10. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Subpoena
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Established customs and traditions
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

11. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Boot Camp
Increasing
The local police
Furlough

12. Models of sentencing
Pennsylvania System
Sentence served simultaneously
Subpoena
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

13. The substantive criminal law...
Probation Rules
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

14. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Property crimes
Minimum-Security Prison
Probation
Shock Incarceration

15. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

16. Right to speedy trial
Fine
Enter a plea
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

17. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The procedural criminal law

18. Judicial Waiver
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Prison
Restorative Justice

19. Duties of probation officers
Public Defender
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Total Instutution

20. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

21. Capital Punishment
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
16

22. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Probation
$200 billion
Fine
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

23. Bench Trial
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Trial by a judge without jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Recoupment

24. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Forfeiture
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
90%

25. Challenged for cause
Enter a plea
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Forfeiture
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

26. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Summer
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
The FBI

27. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Summer
$200 billion
Recoupment

28. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Higher
Trial by a judge without jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

29. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
The U.S. Marshall
Young - male - minority - poor
Fine
A crime that is considered especially immoral

30. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
90%
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

31. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Increasing
Society expects them to be criminals
Intermediate Sanctions
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

32. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Community Treatment
Make-believe family
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

33. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Summer
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Social agent

34. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Penitentiary House
Community Service Restitution
Jail

35. Competent Standard

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36. Probation failure correlates to...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Young - male - minority - poor
The local police

37. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Community Treatment
Day Fees
nolle prosequi
Self-defense and insanity

38. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
A fixed term of incarceration
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

39. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Subpoena
1.4 million
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

40. Concurrent Jursidiction
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Community Treatment

41. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

42. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Trial by a judge without jury
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
New York (Auburn) System

43. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Sentence served one after another
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

44. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Highway Patrol
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Boot Camp
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

45. What are characteristics of inmates
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Young - male - minority - poor
$200 billion

46. Right to counsel
House Arrest
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

47. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Social agent
Make-believe family

48. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
A fixed term of incarceration
Diversion
Defense Attorney

49. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Fine
Pennsylvania System
Subpoena
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

50. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Furlough
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons