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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Assembly line
New York (Auburn) System
Obstacle course
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

2. Trial Process
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
About 10 felony arrests per month
The FBI
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

3. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Probation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

4. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
A fixed term of incarceration
Forfeiture
Private attorneys
1.4 million

5. Right to be competent at trail

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6. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Grand Jury
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
A crime that is considered especially immoral

7. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
A fixed term of incarceration
Defense Attorney
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

8. Jury Selection

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9. Verdict
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Highway Patrol
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

10. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Shock Probation
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Jail
Established customs and traditions

11. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The U.S. Marshall
Community Service Restitution

12. Concurrent Jursidiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Summer
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

13. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Boot Camp
Established customs and traditions
Grand Jury
Day Fees

14. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
7 Million Americans
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Private attorneys
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

15. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Halfway House
Marriage
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Intake

16. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Went down steadily
Parole
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Grand Jury

17. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Subpoena
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

18. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Subpoena
Minimum-Security Prison
Society expects them to be criminals

19. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Furlough
Enter a plea

20. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Diversion
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Defense Attorney

21. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
About 10 felony arrests per month
Intake
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
New York (Auburn) System

22. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Summer
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Diversion

23. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Obstacle course
Sentence served simultaneously
Marriage

24. Evidentiary Standard
Self-defense and insanity
Society expects them to be criminals
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

25. Right to speedy trial
Minimum-Security Prison
Went down steadily
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

26. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Increasing

27. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Intermediate Sanctions
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

28. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
1.4 million
Increasing
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

29. Determinate Sentencing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
A fixed term of incarceration
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Fine

30. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Intermediate Sanctions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

31. What are characteristics of inmates
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Substantive Rights
Young - male - minority - poor
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

32. Judicial Waiver
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
16
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

33. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Shock Incarceration
Indigent Defendant
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The place and its charecteristics

34. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
A fixed term of incarceration
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
18

35. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Prison
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

36. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Went down steadily

37. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Community Treatment
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
House Arrest
Self-incrimination

38. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Probation Rules

39. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
The views of powerful elites in society
Probation
Sentence served simultaneously
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

40. The substantive criminal law...
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Social agent
Work Release
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

41. Status Offenders
Trial by a judge without jury
Restitution
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Probation

42. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
The place and its charecteristics
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Anger Managment

43. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Boot Camp
$200 billion
Self-incrimination
Fine

44. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Marriage

45. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Restitution
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Halfway House
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

46. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
$200 billion
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

47. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
The views of powerful elites in society
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1.4 million

48. Mandatory Sentence
Penitentiary House
Higher
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Community Service Restitution

49. Statutory Jurisdiction
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

50. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Social agent
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive