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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Grand Jury
Community Treatment

2. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Recoupment
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Penitentiary House

3. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Community Treatment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The local police
Grand Jury

4. Judicial Waiver
Maximum-Security
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

5. Argument against the Death Penalty
Community Service Restitution
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

6. Concurrent Jursidiction
About 10 felony arrests per month
Society expects them to be criminals
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

7. What is General Deterrence?
Went down steadily
7 Million Americans
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

8. Determinate Sentencing
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Social agent
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
A fixed term of incarceration

9. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

10. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
Minimum-Security Prison
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
House Arrest
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

11. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Went down steadily
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

12. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

13. Right to an impartial judge
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Higher
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

14. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
18
Obstacle course
Sentence served one after another
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

15. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The FBI

16. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Summer
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Trial by a judge without jury
New York (Auburn) System

17. Jury Selection

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18. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Shock Probation
New York (Auburn) System
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Social agent

19. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Substantive Rights
Sentence served one after another

20. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
nolle prosequi
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The views of powerful elites in society

21. Indeterminate Sentencing
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Restitution
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

22. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
16
The place and its charecteristics
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

23. Right to public trial
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Increasing
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

24. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Work Release
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Boot Camp

25. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
The place and its charecteristics
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

26. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Jail
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Probation Rules

27. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Increasing
Work Release

28. Probation failure correlates to...
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

29. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
House Arrest
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
A crime that is considered especially immoral

30. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

31. Consecutive sentence
Increasing
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Sentence served one after another
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

32. Miranda Rights...
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Revocation

33. Models of sentencing
Work Release
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Private attorneys
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

34. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
$200 billion
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Self-incrimination
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

35. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Young - male - minority - poor
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Jail
Trial by a judge without jury

36. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

37. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
18
Probation Rules
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

38. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Community Treatment
The local police
Day Fees
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

39. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Young - male - minority - poor
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Revocation

40. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Trial by a judge without jury
Boot Camp
Enter a plea

41. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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42. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Revocation
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Day Fees

43. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Shock Incarceration
Summer
Intake
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

44. Right to an impartial jury
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Shock Probation
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

45. Goals of Punishment
nolle prosequi
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
About 10 felony arrests per month
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

46. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Grand Jury
Self-defense and insanity
Defense Attorney

47. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

48. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Fine
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

49. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
$200 billion
1.4 million

50. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
7 Million Americans
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment