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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Subpoena
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Restitution

2. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The place and its charecteristics
16

3. Determinate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
A fixed term of incarceration
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

4. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Highway Patrol
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Jail
Were considered highly educated in their time period

5. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Halfway House
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

6. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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7. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Established customs and traditions
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

8. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Marriage
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

9. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Revocation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Self-defense and insanity

10. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Forfeiture
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Maximum-Security
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

11. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Fine

12. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Highway Patrol
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Sentence served one after another

13. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Fine
Marriage
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

14. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Public Defender
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

15. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Halfway House
Subpoena
Trial by a judge without jury
1.4 million

16. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
New York (Auburn) System
90%
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

17. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Intermediate Sanctions
1.4 million
Fine
Pre-Sentence Investigation

18. Duties of probation officers
Grand Jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Forfeiture

19. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Higher
Make-believe family
The FBI
Probation Rules

20. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

21. Capital Punishment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Established customs and traditions
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

22. Statutory Jurisdiction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Sentence served simultaneously
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Community Service Restitution

23. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Community Service Restitution

24. Probation failure correlates to...
Boot Camp
18
Make-believe family
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

25. Right to counsel
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Private attorneys
Forfeiture
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

26. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Intake
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Public Defender

27. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

28. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
The U.S. Marshall
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
House Arrest

29. Good time
$200 billion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

30. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Diversion
Sentence served one after another
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

31. Indeterminate Sentencing
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Maximum-Security
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Intake

32. Judicial Waiver
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Sentence served one after another
New York (Auburn) System
Were considered highly educated in their time period

33. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Private attorneys
Subpoena
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

34. Competent Standard

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35. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Public Defender

36. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
$200 billion
Enter a plea
Substantive Rights

37. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

38. Truth in Sentencing
Self-defense and insanity
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
7 Million Americans
Minimum-Security Prison

39. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Parole
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Increasing
Day Fees

40. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Assembly line
House Arrest
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

41. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Intermediate Sanctions
Established customs and traditions

42. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
$200 billion
Pre-Sentence Investigation

43. Problem of Re-entry
16
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
1.4 million
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

44. Status Offenders
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

45. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Shock Incarceration
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

46. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Intermediate Sanctions
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

47. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Furlough
A fixed term of incarceration
Parole
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

48. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

49. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Prison
Shock Incarceration

50. Models of sentencing
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards