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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

2. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Society expects them to be criminals
A crime that is considered especially immoral
$200 billion
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

3. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Boot Camp
Furlough

4. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Trial by a judge without jury
The U.S. Marshall
Community Treatment

5. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Furlough
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
$200 billion
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

6. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Highway Patrol
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Sentence served one after another

7. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Intermediate Sanctions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

8. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
House Arrest
Private attorneys
Make-believe family
7 Million Americans

9. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Social agent

10. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

11. Problem of Re-entry
90%
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Revocation

12. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Sentence served one after another
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The U.S. Marshall
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

13. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Make-believe family
Community Service Restitution
Furlough
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

14. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Property crimes
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

15. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Young - male - minority - poor
Went down steadily
Probation
Indigent Defendant

16. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Penitentiary House
Highway Patrol
Marriage
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

17. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

18. Concurrent Jursidiction
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

19. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

20. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

21. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Increasing
Established customs and traditions
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

22. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
Forfeiture
Self-defense and insanity
Probation

23. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
nolle prosequi
Marriage
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

24. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
The views of powerful elites in society
Intermediate Sanctions
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Society expects them to be criminals

25. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
The views of powerful elites in society
Sentence served simultaneously
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Work Release

26. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
7 Million Americans
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

27. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Shock Incarceration
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Marriage

28. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Prison
A fixed term of incarceration
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Increasing

29. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
The procedural criminal law
Diversion

30. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Society expects them to be criminals
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
The procedural criminal law
Pre-Sentence Investigation

31. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Jail
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

32. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Subpoena
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

33. Capital Punishment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

34. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Halfway House
Restorative Justice
The U.S. Marshall

35. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The FBI
The place and its charecteristics
Diversion

36. Status Offenders
Parole
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

37. Competent Standard

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38. Women Imprisoned
Sentence served simultaneously
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Defense Attorney
Established customs and traditions

39. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Restitution

40. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Social agent
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Substantive Rights

41. Statutory Jurisdiction
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

42. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
The FBI
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Fine
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

43. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Prison
The views of powerful elites in society
Restitution

44. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Sentence served one after another
A fixed term of incarceration
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
The FBI

45. Models of sentencing
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Work Release

46. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Private attorneys
The views of powerful elites in society
Marriage
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

47. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
18
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

48. Evidentiary Standard
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Social agent
New York (Auburn) System
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

49. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Higher
Assembly line
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

50. Jury Selection

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