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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

2. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Higher
Obstacle course
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

3. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
The procedural criminal law
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Shock Incarceration
Summer

4. Right to public trial
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
A crime that is considered especially immoral

5. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Diversion
Probation
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

6. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Property crimes
Halfway House

7. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

8. Right to an impartial judge
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Revocation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

9. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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10. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Maximum-Security

11. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Property crimes
Highway Patrol
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

12. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Self-defense and insanity
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Penitentiary House
Day Fees

13. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Private attorneys
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

14. Right to confront witnesses
90%
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

15. Good time
Maximum-Security
7 Million Americans
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

16. Right to speedy trial
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Pennsylvania System
The local police

17. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Penitentiary House
Grand Jury
Pennsylvania System

18. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Restitution
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Community Treatment
Intermediate Sanctions

19. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
A crime that is considered especially immoral
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Grand Jury
Defense Attorney

20. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Anger Managment
Minimum-Security Prison
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

21. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Subpoena
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

22. Miranda Rights...
Subpoena
Minimum-Security Prison
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Increasing

23. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Private attorneys
Probation Rules
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

24. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
Maximum-Security
Public Defender
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
nolle prosequi

25. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Higher
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

26. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Probation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Halfway House

27. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Prison
Make-believe family
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

28. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
16
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

29. The substantive criminal law...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Highway Patrol
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

30. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
House Arrest

31. Consecutive sentence
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
nolle prosequi
Sentence served one after another
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

32. Women Imprisoned
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Pre-Sentence Investigation
nolle prosequi
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

33. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Forfeiture
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Self-incrimination
1.4 million

34. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Boot Camp
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

35. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Grand Jury
Public Defender
Prison
Community Treatment

36. Bench Trial
Indigent Defendant
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Trial by a judge without jury
Community Treatment

37. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The U.S. Marshall
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

38. Capital Punishment
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Pre-Sentence Investigation

39. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Shock Probation
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
A crime that is considered especially immoral

40. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
16
Probation Rules
Restitution
New York (Auburn) System

41. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Make-believe family
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
The FBI

42. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Penitentiary House
Private attorneys
Assembly line

43. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Community Treatment
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Restitution
Enter a plea

44. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Established customs and traditions
Defense Attorney
Penitentiary House
$200 billion

45. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Intermediate Sanctions
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Diversion

46. What is Duress?
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Make-believe family
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
About 10 felony arrests per month

47. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
$200 billion
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
The place and its charecteristics
Were considered highly educated in their time period

48. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Marriage
Forfeiture
Make-believe family

49. Delinquents
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The FBI
Trial by a judge without jury

50. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
The procedural criminal law