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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Prison
Boot Camp
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

2. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Summer
Shock Probation
Property crimes
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

3. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Probation Rules
Substantive Rights
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

4. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

5. Competent Standard

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6. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Sentence served simultaneously
$200 billion
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

7. Motion for a direct verdict
Prison
Halfway House
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

8. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Summer
The place and its charecteristics
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

9. Models of sentencing
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Sentence served one after another
Social agent
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

10. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Higher
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

11. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Intermediate Sanctions
Subpoena
Halfway House

12. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Community Treatment
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Trial by a judge without jury

13. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Super Maximum-Security Prison

14. Concurrent Jursidiction
Prison
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Super Maximum-Security Prison
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

15. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
The U.S. Marshall
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Public Defender
Shock Probation

16. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

17. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Substantive Rights
Work Release

18. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Furlough
nolle prosequi
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

19. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Halfway House
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Established customs and traditions

20. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Forfeiture

21. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Intermediate Sanctions
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

22. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Self-defense and insanity
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Diversion

23. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Probation

24. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
Enter a plea
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Restitution

25. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Parole
A crime that is considered especially immoral

26. Probation failure correlates to...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Penitentiary House
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

27. Right to confront witnesses
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Maximum-Security

28. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Revocation
Obstacle course
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Furlough

29. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Assembly line
The local police
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

30. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Sentence served simultaneously
Grand Jury

31. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Intermediate Sanctions
7 Million Americans
Society expects them to be criminals
Jail

32. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Went down steadily
Halfway House

33. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Day Fees
$200 billion
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

34. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Community Treatment
About 10 felony arrests per month

35. Consecutive sentence
Maximum-Security
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Penitentiary House
Sentence served one after another

36. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Furlough
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

37. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
House Arrest
7 Million Americans
Furlough
Shock Probation

38. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Shock Probation
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

39. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

40. Delinquents
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Intake
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

41. Trial Process
The views of powerful elites in society
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Restitution

42. Argument against the Death Penalty
Intake
Forfeiture
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Substantive Rights

43. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Maximum-Security
Halfway House
Intake
About 10 felony arrests per month

44. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
Private attorneys
Boot Camp
$200 billion
Forfeiture

45. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
1.4 million
Society expects them to be criminals
Assembly line

46. Indeterminate Sentencing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Social agent

47. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
The U.S. Marshall
$200 billion
Parole
Total Instutution

48. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Young - male - minority - poor
7 Million Americans
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

49. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Maximum-Security

50. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Sentence served simultaneously
Pennsylvania System
Trial by a judge without jury