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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to public trial
Jail
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Penitentiary House
Restitution

2. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Increasing

3. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

4. Argument against the Death Penalty
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

5. Right to an impartial jury
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Marriage
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

6. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
Social agent
The FBI
Parole

7. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Restorative Justice
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Should treat people of different classes equitably
A crime that is considered especially immoral

8. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Restitution
Minimum-Security Prison

9. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Furlough
The procedural criminal law
Young - male - minority - poor

10. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Probation Rules
nolle prosequi

11. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Make-believe family
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Probation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

12. Delinquents
Revocation
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

13. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Pennsylvania System
New York (Auburn) System
Maximum-Security

14. Indeterminate Sentencing
New York (Auburn) System
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Went down steadily

15. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Established customs and traditions

16. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Anger Managment
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

17. Determinate Sentencing
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Prison
A fixed term of incarceration
Work Release

18. Models of sentencing
Shock Incarceration
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Probation Rules
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

19. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
Marriage
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Self-incrimination

20. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Diversion
Public Defender
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Highway Patrol

21. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1.4 million
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

22. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Restorative Justice
1.4 million
Enter a plea

23. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young - male - minority - poor
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

24. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Self-defense and insanity
Prison
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Restitution

25. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Marriage
Restorative Justice
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

26. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Enter a plea
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The local police

27. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
A crime that is considered especially immoral
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Marriage
The views of powerful elites in society

28. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Increasing
House Arrest
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

29. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
7 Million Americans
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

30. What are characteristics of inmates
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Jail
Young - male - minority - poor
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

31. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Revocation
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Society expects them to be criminals

32. Statutory Jurisdiction
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

33. Duties of probation officers
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

34. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Young - male - minority - poor

35. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
The place and its charecteristics
Furlough
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Recoupment

36. Jury Selection

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37. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

38. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
nolle prosequi
Marriage
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

39. Right to counsel
A crime that is considered especially immoral
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

40. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Shock Incarceration
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

41. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Sentence served simultaneously
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

42. Bench Trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
A fixed term of incarceration
Trial by a judge without jury
Enter a plea

43. Mandatory Sentence
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Pennsylvania System
Social agent
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

44. What is General Deterrence?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

45. Trial Process
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

46. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Community Service Restitution
Summer
Work Release
Higher

47. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Revocation
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

48. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Established customs and traditions
Were considered highly educated in their time period
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

49. Capital Punishment
Community Treatment
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

50. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Should treat people of different classes equitably