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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Halfway House
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Went down steadily

2. What is General Deterrence?
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

3. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
The FBI
Probation
Day Fees
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

4. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
Shock Incarceration
Restorative Justice
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The local police

5. Miranda Rights...
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Restitution

6. Verdict
Probation Rules
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

7. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Self-defense and insanity
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

8. Right to counsel
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Went down steadily
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Prison

9. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Community Service Restitution
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

10. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
90%

11. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

12. Bench Trial
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Social agent
Trial by a judge without jury
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

13. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Furlough
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Obstacle course
16

14. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Intake
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

15. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Obstacle course
Maximum-Security
The procedural criminal law
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

16. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Furlough
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

17. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
Shock Incarceration
Restorative Justice
Intake
Were considered highly educated in their time period

18. Evidentiary Standard
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Parole

19. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Community Service Restitution
Boot Camp

20. Right to confront witnesses
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Total Instutution
Intake
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

21. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
About 10 felony arrests per month
Established customs and traditions
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

22. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Social agent
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Jail
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

23. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Halfway House

24. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Prison
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

25. Motion for a direct verdict
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

26. Determinate Sentencing
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Indigent Defendant
A fixed term of incarceration
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

27. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

28. What are characteristics of inmates
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Young - male - minority - poor
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Anger Managment

29. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Restitution
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
About 10 felony arrests per month
Marriage

30. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Minimum-Security Prison
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

31. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Work Release

32. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Probation Rules
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The procedural criminal law
$200 billion

33. Concurrent Sentence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Sentence served simultaneously
Make-believe family
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

34. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Community Treatment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

35. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Obstacle course
The procedural criminal law

36. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

37. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Marriage
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Intake

38. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Pennsylvania System
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

39. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Community Service Restitution
Work Release
Went down steadily
Higher

40. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
$200 billion
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
nolle prosequi

41. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Higher
Increasing
Social agent

42. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Assembly line
Substantive Rights

43. Consecutive sentence
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Sentence served one after another
Went down steadily
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent

44. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Forfeiture
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Work Release
Super Maximum-Security Prison

45. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

46. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
7 Million Americans
The FBI
Pennsylvania System

47. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
The procedural criminal law
Higher

48. Right to public trial
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Restorative Justice
Intake

49. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Self-incrimination
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Shock Probation

50. Jury Selection

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