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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Determinate Sentencing
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
A fixed term of incarceration
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Higher

2. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Make-believe family

3. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Subpoena
Obstacle course
Community Treatment
Summer

4. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
House Arrest
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Self-incrimination

5. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Pennsylvania System
The procedural criminal law
Established customs and traditions
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

6. Problems of Parole
Forfeiture
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
18

7. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Trial by a judge without jury
A fixed term of incarceration
Recoupment
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

8. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Should treat people of different classes equitably

9. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
90%
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Sentence served simultaneously
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

10. Miranda Rights...
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

11. Problem of Re-entry
Shock Probation
Substantive Rights
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
New York (Auburn) System

12. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Pennsylvania System
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

13. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Grand Jury
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Furlough
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

14. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Social agent
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Shock Probation

15. Judicial Waiver
Trial by a judge without jury
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
nolle prosequi
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

16. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

17. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Assembly line
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

18. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Restitution
$200 billion
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment

19. Delinquents
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Probation Rules
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Committed an act in violation of the penal code

20. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
Property crimes
Substantive Rights
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Total Instutution

21. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Enter a plea
Restorative Justice

22. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Restorative Justice
Pennsylvania System
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The local police

23. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pennsylvania System
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

24. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Minimum-Security Prison
Prison

25. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
Increasing
Furlough
Subpoena

26. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Defense Attorney
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

27. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Subpoena
Community Service Restitution
Sentence served one after another
Prison

28. Probation failure correlates to...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Probation
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

29. Bench Trial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Total Instutution
Higher
Trial by a judge without jury

30. Women Imprisoned
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
The views of powerful elites in society
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

31. Consecutive sentence
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Sentence served one after another

32. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
The procedural criminal law
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Total Instutution

33. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
The FBI
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Revocation

34. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Intermediate Sanctions
Sentence served simultaneously
Recoupment
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

35. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Higher
Parole
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Went down steadily

36. Right to counsel
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Social agent

37. Motion for a direct verdict
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Anger Managment

38. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

39. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1.4 million
Indigent Defendant
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

40. Peremptory Challenge
Established customs and traditions
A crime that is considered especially immoral
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Forfeiture

41. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Work Release
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Private attorneys
Boot Camp

42. Duties of probation officers
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons

43. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Community Treatment
Probation Rules
18
Defense Attorney

44. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Were considered highly educated in their time period
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

45. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Fine
Shock Probation
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Enter a plea

46. The substantive criminal law...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

47. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
16
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Marriage

48. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Fine
Jail
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

49. Alternative Correctional Institution
The procedural criminal law
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

50. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
House Arrest