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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The substantive criminal law...
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Society expects them to be criminals
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

2. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Sentence served one after another
Jail
90%

3. What is Duress?
Probation
Substantive Rights
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

4. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Enter a plea
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Public Defender

5. Right to public trial
Furlough
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The FBI

6. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Intermediate Sanctions
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

7. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Grand Jury
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

8. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Total Instutution
Sentence served simultaneously
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

9. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Day Fees
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Grand Jury
Work Release

10. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Work Release
A fixed term of incarceration
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Assembly line

11. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Forfeiture
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

12. Right to speedy trial
Highway Patrol
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Fine

13. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

14. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Probation
Intermediate Sanctions
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

15. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Pennsylvania System
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

16. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

17. Miranda Rights...
Intermediate Sanctions
Society expects them to be criminals
Young - male - minority - poor
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

18. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
nolle prosequi
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

19. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Recoupment
Sentence served simultaneously
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

20. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
1.4 million
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

21. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Recoupment
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Anger Managment
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

22. Status Offenders
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defense Attorney

23. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
The FBI
7 Million Americans
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

24. Truth in Sentencing
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Anger Managment

25. Right to be competent at trail

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26. Right to compulsory process
Day Fees
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

27. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

28. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The procedural criminal law
Community Service Restitution
New York (Auburn) System

29. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Intake
Higher
Fine
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

30. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Society expects them to be criminals
Minimum-Security Prison
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

31. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Obstacle course
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Society expects them to be criminals

32. Factors that Influence Sentencing
18
Shock Incarceration
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

33. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
7 Million Americans
The procedural criminal law
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

34. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Work Release
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Forfeiture
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

35. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Make-believe family
16
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

36. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Total Instutution
Obstacle course

37. Good time
Private attorneys
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Work Release
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

38. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Intake
The FBI
Work Release
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

39. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
About 10 felony arrests per month
Maximum-Security
The place and its charecteristics

40. The sentence
Sentence served one after another
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
The FBI
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

41. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

42. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Penitentiary House
Highway Patrol
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

43. Alternative Correctional Institution
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Jail
Prison
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

44. The sizure of personal property by the state as a civil or criminal penalty.
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Forfeiture
Maximum-Security
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

45. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The local police
The FBI
Public Defender

46. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Halfway House
Private attorneys
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Minimum-Security Prison

47. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Society expects them to be criminals
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

48. Right to an impartial judge
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Maximum-Security
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

49. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
New York (Auburn) System
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

50. What time of year are crime rates in the U.S. the highest?
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Shock Probation
Summer
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

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