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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Indigent Defendant
7 Million Americans
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Maximum-Security

2. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
About 10 felony arrests per month
Sentence served one after another
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Substantive Rights

3. Duties of probation officers
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Parole
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

4. Right to be competent at trail

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5. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Maximum-Security
Intake

6. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Community Treatment
Grand Jury
18
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

7. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Prison
Subpoena
Work Release

8. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Indigent Defendant
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

9. Bench Trial
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Private attorneys
Trial by a judge without jury
Maximum-Security

10. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
Total Instutution
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
About 10 felony arrests per month
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

11. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Property crimes
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
7 Million Americans

12. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Society expects them to be criminals
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

13. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Restitution
Work Release
7 Million Americans
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

14. Concurrent Sentence
Sentence served simultaneously
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

15. What is General Deterrence?
Subpoena
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
The views of powerful elites in society
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

16. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Sentence served simultaneously
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile

17. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Community Treatment
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Sentence served one after another

18. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Subpoena
Shock Probation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

19. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Anger Managment
nolle prosequi
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

20. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Work Release
The FBI
Summer

21. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Maximum-Security
The place and its charecteristics

22. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Highway Patrol
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Social agent
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

23. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
Private attorneys
Community Service Restitution
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

24. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Intake
Probation
Self-defense and insanity

25. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

26. Who has a better record of defending clients; private or public attorneys?
Private attorneys
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Pennsylvania System

27. What are characteristics of inmates
Increasing
Should treat people of different classes equitably
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Young - male - minority - poor

28. Process by which the state later recovers some or all of the cost of providing free legal counsel to an indigent defendant.
Recoupment
Probation Rules
Intermediate Sanctions
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail

29. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Boot Camp
Halfway House
Minimum-Security Prison

30. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Restorative Justice

31. Right to confront witnesses
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
90%
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

32. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

33. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Pennsylvania System
Revocation
The U.S. Marshall
Highway Patrol

34. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Boot Camp
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Defense Attorney
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

35. Right to counsel
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
90%
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

36. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
The place and its charecteristics
Society expects them to be criminals
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

37. Problems of Parole
The place and its charecteristics
Shock Probation
Social agent
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

38. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Sentence served one after another
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Intermediate Sanctions
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

39. The sentence
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Intake
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

40. Factors that Influence Sentencing
Diversion
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

41. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Day Fees
Assembly line
Probation
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

42. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
Restorative Justice
Society expects them to be criminals
Jail
Property crimes

43. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Community Treatment
90%
Should treat people of different classes equitably

44. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
$200 billion
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Were considered highly educated in their time period

45. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Increasing
Pennsylvania System
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

46. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

47. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Marriage
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

48. Challenged for cause
Subpoena
1.4 million
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Community Service Restitution

49. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
The local police
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Probation
7 Million Americans

50. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1.4 million
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
18
Increasing