Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1.4 million
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

2. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Work Release
Halfway House
About 10 felony arrests per month
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

3. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Fine

4. Problems of Parole
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Indigent Defendant
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
16

5. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
$200 billion
Community Service Restitution
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

6. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Private attorneys
$200 billion
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

7. What are characteristics of inmates
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
1.4 million
Indigent Defendant
Young - male - minority - poor

8. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Higher
1.4 million
Shock Incarceration
Total Instutution

9. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Jail
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Grand Jury

10. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Social agent
$200 billion
The procedural criminal law
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

11. The sentence
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Social agent
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Revocation

12. Factors that Influence Sentencing
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
Private attorneys
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

13. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
18
90%
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Intermediate Sanctions

14. Right to an impartial judge
Private attorneys
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Parole

15. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Trial by a judge without jury
Highway Patrol
Indigent Defendant
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

16. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Boot Camp
Make-believe family
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

17. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Shock Incarceration
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Trial by a judge without jury

18. Right to an impartial jury
Obstacle course
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

19. Motion for a direct verdict
Total Instutution
Probation Rules
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

20. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Restitution

21. Right to speedy trial
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Substantive Rights
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

22. According to Freud's psychological theory - deviant behavior is the result of...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Make-believe family

23. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
Probation
Restitution
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

24. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Penitentiary House
Increasing

25. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Obstacle course
Halfway House
The local police

26. What did the BAIL REFORM ACT of 1984 establish?
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

27. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
About 10 felony arrests per month
nolle prosequi
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Subpoena

28. A correctional policy that allow inates to leave the institution for vocational or educational training - for employment - or to maintain famly ties.
Subpoena
Make-believe family
Self-defense and insanity
Furlough

29. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Penitentiary House
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

30. Trial Process
Grand Jury
Social agent
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Shock Incarceration

31. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Jail
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Property crimes
nolle prosequi

32. Right to confront witnesses
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

33. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Community Service Restitution
Trial by a judge without jury
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

34. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Restitution
Trial by a judge without jury

35. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Community Treatment

36. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
90%
Young - male - minority - poor
Enter a plea
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

37. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Property crimes
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

38. Models of sentencing
Society expects them to be criminals
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Pennsylvania System

39. Verdict
Shock Probation
The local police
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Maximum-Security

40. Miranda Rights...
Obstacle course
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
18
Restitution

41. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
1.4 million
18
Boot Camp
Community Service Restitution

42. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Grand Jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

43. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

44. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

45. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Pennsylvania System
Parole
Day Fees

46. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Self-incrimination
Self-defense and insanity
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Make-believe family

47. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Recoupment
Prison
16
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena

48. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Halfway House
$200 billion
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

49. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

50. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Boot Camp
Higher
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values