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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Revocation
Sentence served simultaneously
Shock Incarceration

2. The substantive criminal law...
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

3. Mandatory Sentence
A crime that is considered especially immoral
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Furlough
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

4. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Halfway House
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

5. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Established customs and traditions

6. Right to speedy trial
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Penitentiary House
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

7. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Probation
Pre-Sentence Investigation
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

8. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Established customs and traditions
Make-believe family
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

9. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Self-incrimination
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver

10. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

11. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Restitution
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Went down steadily
Social agent

12. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
The views of powerful elites in society
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more

13. Peremptory Challenge
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Assembly line
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

14. Argument against the Death Penalty
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive

15. Challenged for cause
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Total Instutution

16. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Recoupment
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Higher
Sentence served simultaneously

17. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Jail
Community Treatment
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

18. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Higher
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

19. Determinate Sentencing
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Community Treatment
A fixed term of incarceration
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense

20. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
Pennsylvania System
Shock Incarceration
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation
Fine

21. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
nolle prosequi
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Probation Rules
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

22. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Maximum-Security
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

23. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Prison
Obstacle course
Self-incrimination

24. What are characteristics of inmates
Recoupment
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Young - male - minority - poor
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

25. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Fine
Assembly line
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

26. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Property crimes
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

27. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Maximum-Security
Pennsylvania System
The place and its charecteristics
90%

28. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
A fixed term of incarceration
Higher

29. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Probation Rules
New York (Auburn) System
Self-defense and insanity

30. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Substantive Rights
Restitution

31. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Sentence served one after another

32. Duties of probation officers
The procedural criminal law
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

33. Indeterminate Sentencing
Community Service Restitution
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Society expects them to be criminals
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

34. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Went down steadily
The views of powerful elites in society
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

35. Motion for a direct verdict
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Summer
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

36. Women Imprisoned
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Highway Patrol
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

37. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
90%
Work Release
Young - male - minority - poor
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

38. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Day Fees
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
The local police
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

39. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Pennsylvania System
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Highway Patrol
Community Service Restitution

40. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

41. Truth in Sentencing
16
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

42. According to Cohen's sub-culture or cultural deviance theory - gang values...
7 Million Americans
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

43. Competent Standard

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44. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
7 Million Americans

45. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Anger Managment
Established customs and traditions
Probation

46. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Intermediate Sanctions

47. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Recoupment

48. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
18

49. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Furlough
Restitution

50. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors