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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Assembly line
90%
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

2. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Day Fees
Work Release
18
Marriage

3. Duties of probation officers
Highway Patrol
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

4. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Minimum-Security Prison
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The procedural criminal law

5. Problems of Parole
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Indigent Defendant
Self-incrimination

6. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Enter a plea
Jail
The views of powerful elites in society
7 Million Americans

7. Good time
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Self-incrimination
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

8. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration
Self-defense and insanity
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

9. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Anger Managment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The local police
Higher

10. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Grand Jury
$200 billion
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

11. Probation failure correlates to...
Total Instutution
Higher
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

12. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Community Treatment
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
16

13. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Highway Patrol
Defense Attorney
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

14. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Social agent
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

15. The average officers makes how many felony arrests per month?
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Boot Camp
About 10 felony arrests per month
New York (Auburn) System

16. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Highway Patrol
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

17. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
16
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Highway Patrol

18. The group of punishment falling between probation and prison. Community-based sanction - including house arrest and intensive supervision - serve as alternatives to incarceration.
The FBI
$200 billion
Recoupment
Intermediate Sanctions

19. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
The views of powerful elites in society
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Obstacle course

20. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Trial by a judge without jury
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Halfway House

21. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
The procedural criminal law
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

22. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
Enter a plea
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
The views of powerful elites in society
90%

23. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Self-defense and insanity
18

24. Right to compulsory process
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial

25. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
The views of powerful elites in society
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

26. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
1.4 million
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
The local police
Public Defender

27. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Boot Camp
Probation Rules
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

28. In colonial America - the county sheriff's job included...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
The FBI
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

29. What are considered problems with UCR statistics?
The U.S. Marshall
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Minimum-Security Prison
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors

30. Challenged for cause
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Minimum-Security Prison
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

31. Truth in Sentencing
Social agent
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Obstacle course

32. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

33. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
New York (Auburn) System
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

34. Judicial Waiver
16
The procedural criminal law
Marriage
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

35. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Revocation
Went down steadily
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

36. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Revocation
Established customs and traditions
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Shock Probation

37. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Boot Camp
nolle prosequi

38. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
The FBI
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Increasing
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

39. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
A crime that is considered especially immoral

40. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Public Defender
Subpoena
1.4 million
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community

41. Status Offenders
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)

42. A regimented - dehumanizing institution such as a prison in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation - cut off from the world at large.
The local police
Recoupment
Total Instutution
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

43. What is Duress?
Public Defender
New York (Auburn) System
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

44. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
The views of powerful elites in society
Diversion
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

45. Verdict
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

46. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Increasing

47. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Established customs and traditions
New York (Auburn) System

48. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
The FBI
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Shock Probation
Forfeiture

49. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The place and its charecteristics
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

50. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
Recoupment
$200 billion