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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to be competent at trail

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2. Jury Selection

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3. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Sentence served simultaneously
Restitution

4. Arguments for the Death Penalty

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5. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Maximum-Security
Increasing

6. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
$200 billion
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

7. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
A fixed term of incarceration
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Property crimes
Defense Attorney

8. Goals of Punishment
Public Defender
Self-incrimination
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Intake

9. Mandatory Sentence
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Assembly line
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

10. What is General Deterrence?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Boot Camp
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

11. Concurrent Jursidiction
1.4 million
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
nolle prosequi

12. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
House Arrest
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits

13. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
Grand Jury

14. A program requiring probationers to pay in part for the costs of their treatment.
Intermediate Sanctions
Increasing
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Day Fees

15. During the araignment phase of the court process - defendants...
The FBI
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Social agent
Enter a plea

16. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
Parole
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

17. Status Offenders
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

18. According to Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of crime - a developmental theory - the following points are associated with reduced recidivism...
Marriage
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Intermediate Sanctions

19. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Revocation
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Obstacle course
7 Million Americans

20. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Private attorneys

21. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
Restitution
New York (Auburn) System
Defense Attorney
Day Fees

22. Right to confront witnesses
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Penitentiary House

23. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Recoupment
Jail

24. Right to an impartial jury
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
New York (Auburn) System
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

25. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Probation Rules
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
House Arrest
Boot Camp

26. Truth in Sentencing
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

27. Stare decisis refers to the concept that legal decisions should be based on...
Established customs and traditions
A fixed term of incarceration
Self-incrimination
About 10 felony arrests per month

28. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

29. Determinate Sentencing
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
A fixed term of incarceration
Is favorable because it increases efficiency

30. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
Social agent
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Summer

31. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Intake
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Obstacle course

32. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Anger Managment
Parole
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

33. In order for a case to be heard by the Supreme Court...
Enter a plea
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Restitution
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

34. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
Boot Camp
New York (Auburn) System
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
The FBI

35. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Probation Rules
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Revocation

36. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Highway Patrol
Defense Attorney
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

37. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
nolle prosequi
Society expects them to be criminals

38. Probation failure correlates to...
Public Defender
Revocation
Self-incrimination
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

39. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
16
Self-incrimination
Restorative Justice

40. Competent Standard

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41. A defendent who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel.
Indigent Defendant
Increasing
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

42. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Fine

43. Which is more common - violent crimes or property crimes?
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Property crimes

44. Judicial Waiver
The place and its charecteristics
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
The views of powerful elites in society

45. Challenged for cause
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Sentence served simultaneously

46. Right to an impartial judge
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
7 Million Americans
Fine
Total Instutution

47. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Public Defender
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Boot Camp
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

48. Indeterminate Sentencing
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
A fixed term of incarceration
New York (Auburn) System
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

49. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Penitentiary House
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

50. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
The U.S. Marshall
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
$200 billion