Test your basic knowledge |

Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Jury Selection

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2. Bench Trial
Trial by a judge without jury
Community Service Restitution
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Property crimes

3. A prison system - developed in New York during the nineteenth centry - based on congregate work during the day and seperaton at night.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
New York (Auburn) System
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

4. Peremptory Challenge
Maximum-Security
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

5. Probation failure correlates to...
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Self-incrimination
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

6. An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendent.
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Property crimes
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property

7. Verdict
Pre-Sentence Investigation
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests

8. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
90%
Obstacle course
Shock Incarceration
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

9. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Indigent Defendant
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self
Assembly line

10. Challenged for cause
Parole
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

11. The peak age for invovlment in violent crimes in the U.S. is...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Anger Managment
18
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

12. Mandatory Sentence
Maximum-Security
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
Most are in minimum security and are less violent

13. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Should treat people of different classes equitably
Intake

14. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
Obstacle course
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Maximum-Security
Jail

15. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Defense Attorney
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
90%

16. A short prison sentence served in boot camp-type facilities
Shock Incarceration
Marriage
A fixed term of incarceration
Community Service Restitution

17. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Sentence served one after another
$200 billion
Increasing
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

18. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Went down steadily
1.4 million
Shock Probation
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

19. The attempt by correctional agencies to maintain convicted offenders in the community instead of a secure facilty it includes probation - parole and residential programs.
Furlough
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Community Treatment
Highway Patrol

20. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Pennsylvania System
Diversion
Should treat people of different classes equitably

21. A short term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.
Boot Camp
Make-believe family
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
A fixed term of incarceration

22. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The local police
Boot Camp
Sentence served simultaneously

23. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Probation
Public Defender
Enter a plea

24. Right to compulsory process
The views of powerful elites in society
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

25. What are the three systems to transfer juveniles to adult court?
Restorative Justice
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
The U.S. Marshall
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

26. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
The U.S. Marshall
Young - male - minority - poor
Make-believe family
Higher

27. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Prison
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

28. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Penitentiary House
Self-defense and insanity
Jail
Self-incrimination

29. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
Public Defender
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established customs and traditions
1.4 million

30. Judicial Waiver
When a jury member is challenged for no reason
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

31. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Minimum-Security Prison
Recoupment

32. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Young - male - minority - poor
Subpoena
The FBI

33. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

34. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Subpoena
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

35. According to Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory - crime rates in a geographic area can be explained by...
Penitentiary House
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
The views of powerful elites in society
The place and its charecteristics

36. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
$200 billion
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

37. A state of federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for term of one year or more.
Parole
Prison
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

38. Alternative Correctional Institution
Increasing
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Should treat people of different classes equitably

39. The use of an alternative to trial - such as referral to treament or employment programs.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Diversion
Fine

40. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
The U.S. Marshall
16
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit

41. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Highway Patrol
Society expects them to be criminals
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

42. What percentage of police departments require officers to have a college degree?
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Indigent Defendant

43. What is General Deterrence?
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Grand Jury
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

44. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Obstacle course
Probation
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

45. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
Day Fees
Social agent
Self-incrimination
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values

46. Trial Process
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Assembly line
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

47. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
About 10 felony arrests per month
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
Should be whether the defendent has sufficient present ability to consult with defendents lawyers and defend one's self

48. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
The place and its charecteristics
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Increasing
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

49. Right to speedy trial
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Shock Probation
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution

50. Determinate Sentencing
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
A fixed term of incarceration
Total Instutution