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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Competent Standard

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2. A court order requiring a witness to appear in court at a specified time and place.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
New York (Auburn) System
Subpoena

3. Problems of Parole
Property crimes
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate

4. Right to compulsory process
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

5. Bench Trial
The procedural criminal law
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Grand Jury
Trial by a judge without jury

6. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Assembly line
Halfway House
Restorative Justice
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

7. Packer describes the due process model of the criminal justice system operating like an...
Obstacle course
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
nolle prosequi

8. Civil right that include the right of inmates to receive mail and medical benefits and to practice their religion.
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
Substantive Rights

9. A correctional institution that houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure - high walls - and limited contact with the outside world.
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Maximum-Security
Marriage
Community Service Restitution

10. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
Revocation
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
An example of the criminal defense of Justification

11. Duties of probation officers
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Forfeiture
Lengthy prison term for 3rd felony offense even if it is a minor offense
18

12. Challenged for cause
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

13. In the common law - a crime that is considered mala in se is...
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Community Treatment
A crime that is considered especially immoral

14. From 1995 to 2005 - the crime rate in the U.S...
Went down steadily
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history

15. Are tv camara's aloud in federal court?
Sentence served one after another
Higher
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

16. Verdict
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
A crime that is considered especially immoral
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

17. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
nolle prosequi
Penitentiary House

18. According to Beccaria - the three criteria required for deterrence to work ainclude...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Trial by a judge without jury
Statutory requirement - limits judges power

19. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
Shock Probation
Diversion
Revocation

20. Right to an impartial jury
Society expects them to be criminals
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

21. How confidential are juvenile records kept?
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial

22. The 4th Amendment protects citizens from what?
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
1. Large numbers of re-entering inmates; 2. Legal prohibition on kinds of employment; 3. Limits on obtaining licenses; 4. Restriction on freedom of movment
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

23. The Conflict View of criminal definitions assumes that criminal law expresses...
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
1.4 million
The views of powerful elites in society
Shock Probation

24. What are characteristics of inmates
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
Young - male - minority - poor

25. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Probation
18
Increasing
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury

26. Right to public trial
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Public Defender
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested

27. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Fine
Went down steadily
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
The procedural criminal law

28. Prison Rape/Sexual Coercion
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Public Defender
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

29. Concurrent Sentence
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Recoupment
Sentence served simultaneously
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction

30. Why are investigations of police misconduct tricky?
The local police
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture

31. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Anger Managment
Summer
16

32. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
New York (Auburn) System
Work Release

33. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Anger Managment
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
Make-believe family

34. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Test for one's competents to stand trial
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
Grand Jury

35. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Probation
Should treat people of different classes equitably
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

36. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Restorative Justice
Halfway House
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

37. Trial Process
Furlough
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
About 10 felony arrests per month
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal

38. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
Forfeiture
Private attorneys
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

39. The policing style associated with police officers belief that it is his duty to be a first line responder to various problems in the community is...
Social agent
Higher
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood
Total Instutution

40. About how many Americans are under some form of correctional supervision?
Community Treatment
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
7 Million Americans

41. Conditions or restriction mandated by the court that must be obeyed by a probationer
Probation Rules
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree

42. What do police officers spend most of their time on patrol doing?
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Self-defense and insanity

43. The decision by a prosecuttor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of - for examples - insufficatient edvidence.
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Furlough
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
nolle prosequi

44. Right to confront witnesses
Maximum-Security
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Community Service Restitution
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court

45. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
The local police
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
90%

46. The least secure institution that houses white-colar and nonviolent offenders - maintains few security measures - and has liberal furlough and visitation policies.
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Minimum-Security Prison
Forfeiture

47. Right to an impartial judge
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest

48. What is Duress?
nolle prosequi
Restitution
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

49. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Anger Managment
18
Intake

50. The Supreme Court descison on NO EXCEPTIONS said that...
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial