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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right to public trial
A crime that is considered especially immoral
Subpoena
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public

2. The 5th amendment protects citizens from...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
Self-incrimination
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide

3. The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceeding.
Intake
Recoupment
Sentence served simultaneously
90%

4. Challenged for cause
Should treat people of different classes equitably
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
About 10 felony arrests per month
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

5. According to choice theories of crime (classical school) - humans are'
Furlough
Enter a plea
Parole
Rational - self- intersted and hedonistic

6. An example of the criminal defense of EXCUSE is...
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
The FBI
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court

7. An administrative act performed by a parole authority that remove a person from parole -or a judicial orded by a court removing a person from parole or probation - in response to a violation on the part of the parolee.
A fixed term of incarceration
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Revocation
Higher

8. An alternative sanction that requires an offender to work in the community at such task as cleaning public parks or working with disabled children in lieu of an incarceration sentence.
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Marriage
90%
Community Service Restitution

9. Trial Process
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Sentence served simultaneously
90%
Subpoena

10. Mandatory Sentence
Defense Attorney
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
Super Maximum-Security Prison

11. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
About 10 felony arrests per month
Highway Patrol
Revocation
Pre-Sentence Investigation

12. A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial.
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Grand Jury

13. Right to compulsory process
Total Instutution
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Parole

14. Concurrent Sentence
The views of powerful elites in society
The place and its charecteristics
Sentence served simultaneously
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts

15. The newest form of a maximum-security prison that uses high-level securtity mesasure to incapacitate the nation's most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
Super Maximum-Security Prison
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

16. According to Packer's due process model of criminal justice - plea bargaining...
Is favorable because it increases efficiency
18
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
Super Maximum-Security Prison

17. A person can challenge a guilty plea by...
Penitentiary House
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error

18. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
16
nolle prosequi
The FBI
The procedural criminal law

19. An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defenders who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.
Trial by a judge without jury
Public Defender
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
A fixed term of incarceration

20. A form of intermediate sanction that requires that the convicted offender spend a designated amount of time per week in his or her own home-such as from 6:00 P.M. Friday until 8:00 A.M.
House Arrest
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
New York (Auburn) System
1.4 million

21. Programs designed to help people who have become dependent on anger as a primary means of expressing themselves and those who inappropriately use anger or the threat of violence as a means to get their way.
Anger Managment
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order

22. The peak age for involvement in property crimes in the U.S is...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
16
Halfway House

23. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Summer
Pennsylvania System
Restitution
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem

24. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Probation
About 10 felony arrests per month

25. The majority of criminal cases in the U.S are investigated by...
Increasing
Summer
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt
The local police

26. Goals of Punishment
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
Pennsylvania System
The local police
Property crimes

27. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
Furlough
Were considered highly educated in their time period

28. Duties of probation officers
18
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Loyalty is a critical component of the police subculture
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

29. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
The FBI
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Insanity - battared woman syndrome - status as a juvenile
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

30. Physical punishment or punishment that is far in excess of that given to people under similar circumstances and is therefore banned by the eighth amendment. The death penalty has so far not been considered cruel and unusual if it is administered in f
Summer
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime

31. The investigation of the murder of a postal worker would fall within the jurisdiction of...
The FBI
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury

32. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
1. determinate; 2. mandatory; 3. interminate
Pre-Sentence Investigation

33. What are characteristics of inmates
Young - male - minority - poor
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
About 10 felony arrests per month
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

34. Verdict
1. guilty; 2. not guilty; 3. hung jury
7 Million Americans
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Sentence served one after another

35. Alternative Correctional Institution
The FBI
Penitentiary House
Inmate must serve at least 85% of sentence imposed by court
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

36. Determinate Sentencing
A fixed term of incarceration
About 10 felony arrests per month
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others
A crime that is considered especially immoral

37. A place to detain people awaiting trial - to serve as a lockup for drunks and disorderly individuals - and to confine convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less then ten
Intermediate Sanctions
Self-incrimination
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Jail

38. The substantive criminal law...
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Defense Attorney
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments

39. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
18
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
New York (Auburn) System
Society expects them to be criminals

40. Competent Standard

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41. An argument in favor of the O.J. trial is likely to point to the fact that...
Community Treatment
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Most are in minimum security and are less violent
Test for one's competents to stand trial

42. What is General Deterrence?
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

43. A view of criminal justice that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state
90%
16
Restorative Justice
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons

44. NCVS crime statistics are likely to be better then the UCR crimes statistics in...
An example of the criminal defense of Justification
1. Incapactation; 2. Deterrence; 3. Moral 'an eye for an eye'; 4. Proportionality; 5. Public Opinion; 6. Low chance of error
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.

45. Are Jury trial common in the U.S.?
Diversion
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Penitentiary House
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

46. Are arrest rates of drug-related crime higher or lower then they were in the 1970's?
Sentence served simultaneously
Increasing
Higher
The U.S. Marshall

47. In female prisons - substitute family groups with a faux father - mother and siblings.
Recoupment
A fixed term of incarceration
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Make-believe family

48. The initial reaction in prison is usually...
Restitution
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors
Claiming he/she did not have effective counsul - claiming the plea was not made voluntarily and claiming that the prosecuter did not keep his/her promises made in the agreement

49. Right to counsel
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
Self-incrimination
Marriage
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

50. Jury Selection

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