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Criminal Justice

Subject : law

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Common concerns with the privatization of policing includes...
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
Summer

2. Sir Robert Peel believed that police officers should...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
1.4 million
Should treat people of different classes equitably
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.

3. How many percent of criminal defendents are considered indigent?
Recoupment
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
90%
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

4. According to social reaction/labeling theory - some young people become criminals because...
Society expects them to be criminals
Probation
The place and its charecteristics
Whent he punishment of one offender deters others

5. Trial Process
$200 billion
1. Jury Selection; 2. Opening Statement; 3. Prosecution Case; 4. Motion for Directed Verdict; 5. Closing Argument; 6. Direction to Jury; 7. Verdict; 8. Sentence; 9. Appeal
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
Should treat people of different classes equitably

6. A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused.
Probation
Higher
Collecting taxes and supervising elections
Restitution

7. Goals of Punishment
Juvenile records are confidential; in recent years states have passed statutes to allow for records to be accessed by court order
1. General Deterrence; 2. Specific Deterrence; 3. Incapaition; 4. Rehab; 5. Restitution
All evidence that is obtained illegally must be thrown out from the use at trial
Determined by judge -statutory requirements and jury recommendation

8. Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case - representing to final appeal.
Defense Attorney
Certainty of punishment - swiftness of punishment - punishment that is proportional to the severity of the crime
Parole
Depression and loneliness are common and inmates must learn coping behaviors

9. What is the criteria to determine whether someone is entitled to jury trial?
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Sentence served simultaneously
Make-believe family
The procedural criminal law

10. About how many people are in prisons in the US?
1.4 million
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
29 states automatically exclude some offenses from juvenile court (EX. Rape/Murder)

11. Good time
Unreported crimes - police corruption - police errors
Can earn 10 to 15 days per month and sentence reduction
Higher
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas

12. The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorites.
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Prison
Parole
Anger Managment

13. Factors that Influence Sentencing
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates
Were considered highly educated in their time period
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards

14. Peremptory Challenge
1.4 million
Counting the number of rapes in the U.S.
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
When a jury member is challenged for no reason

15. A prison treatment program that allows inmates to be released during the day to work in the community and return to prison at night.
Day Fees
Minimum-Security Prison
Work Release
Unresolved personality conflicts in early childhood

16. What was significant about the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
Sentence served one after another

17. Packer describes the crime models criminal justice system operating like an...
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults
Assembly line
Prison
Property crimes

18. Broken window policing is a strategy in which police officer...
Committed an act in violation of the penal code
Defines what is criminal behavior and appropriate punishments
Targets low level quality of life crimes to eliminate disorder in the community
Intermediate Sanctions

19. Establishes the practices and processes of the criminal law
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Total Instutution
The procedural criminal law
Collecting taxes and supervising elections

20. Concurrent Jursidiction
Obstacle course
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment.

21. Is female involvement in violent crime increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Forfeiture
Self-defense and insanity
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial

22. Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
Fine
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification

23. Duties of probation officers
Forfeiture
Tend to be in opposition to mainstream cultural values
1. Investigate; 2. Intake; 3. Diagnosis; 4. Supervision; Risk Classification
7 Million Americans

24. Judicial Waiver
Property crimes
Guaranteed by the 6th amendment defendent may choose to waive the right to cousel and self-represent
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

25. What is the common criteria for juveniles to be diverted to community programs?
1. First time offender; 2. Non-violent or status offender; 3. Alcahol or drug problem
Penitentiary House
1. Concurrent Jurisdiction; 2. Statutory Jurisdiction; 3. Judicial Waiver
There were too many police errors to trust the police evidence

26. Miranda Rights...
Responding to calls of service not chasing down criminals or making arrests
The accused must be brought to trial within 100 days of being arrested
Went down steadily
Miranda Waivers are particularly relevent to juveniles

27. Capital Punishment
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
1. prison farms and camps; 2. Shock Incarations; 3. Community correctional facilities; 4. Private prisons
Sentence served simultaneously
The death penalty only applies to first degree murder and only when aggravating circumstances are present

28. An example of the criminal defense of justifaction is...
Increasing
Parole
Self-defense and insanity
Assembly line

29. According to the stop and frisk rule - established by the Terry vs Ohio case a police officer may stop and frisk a person...
Televised coverage is not permitted in federal courts
If the officer supects that the person carrying weapons
Intermediate Sanctions
Selected random from tax records - Driver's Liscence records and voter registration

30. Probation failure correlates to...
Young males - unemployed or low income - prior criminal record or history
House Arrest
About 20% and most police departments require at least an associates degree
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

31. A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court
At least four justices have to agree that it should be heard by the Supreme Court and a writ of certiorari must be filed with the Supreme Court
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
6 person jury is required by law jury must come to unanminous verdit
Probation

32. A community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright released so that they can become gradually acclimatd to conventional society.
Halfway House
Pre-Sentence Investigation
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests

33. The PRIMARY work of state law enforcement agencies involve...
Higher
Highway Patrol
Summer
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)

34. Problems of Parole
1. personal deficits; 2. social deficit; 3. Economic deficits; 4. Marriage and family deficits
Established customs and traditions
Highway Patrol
It has been long routine in penal instutitions; there are 123 rape victims per 1000 inmates. According to inmates prison staff commit more crimes then other inmates

35. Right to compulsory process
The right to compel witnesses via subpoena
Assembly line
Whether the person intentionally committed the act
For criminal trials - the evidentairy standard is proof beyond a reasonable doubt

36. Status Offenders
Shock Probation
PRESUMPTION of DETENTION to limit the release of suspects on bail
Commonly classified as Persons in Need of Supervision (PINS) or Children in Need of Supervision (CHINS)
House Arrest

37. What is one problem with eye-witnesses?
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
1. Probability of error; 2. Unfair use of discretion; 3. Misplaced vengeance; 4. Weak public support; 5. Little deterrent effect; 6. Race/Gender biases; 7. Brutal; 8. Expensive
About 10 felony arrests per month
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects

38. The federal agency responsible for the witness protection program and fugitive investigations is...
Statutory requirement - limits judges power
The U.S. Marshall
Furlough
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

39. Mens reas is important in determining if a person can be held criminally responsible and refers specifically to...
No - jury trials are NOT very common in the U.S.
Grand Jury
Day Fees
Whether the person intentionally committed the act

40. Some of the policing reforms that August Vollmer proposed include...
Police training - fingerprinting - and polygraph tests
1. Severity of offense; 2. Prior criminal record; 3. Use of violence; 4. Use of weapons; 5. Motivation (money)
Trial by a judge without jury
Indigent Defendant

41. A correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes
The views of powerful elites in society
Penitentiary House
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment
Day Fees

42. About how much does the U.S. spend on the criminal justice system every year?
Sentence served one after another
Furlough
$200 billion
Established customs and traditions

43. The officers of the London Metropolitan Police...
If juror might be biased; if juror has knowledge of case; if unable to be impartial
Were considered highly educated in their time period
Enter a plea
45 states have provisions that allow judges to transer cases to the adult court room

44. Motion for a direct verdict
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Accountability of private police to legal standards of policing and equity in treatment of rich and poor areas
They frequently mistake the indentity of suspects
Cruel and Unusual Punishment

45. Indeterminate Sentencing
Society expects them to be criminals
Minimum-Security Prison
Prison
Most widely used type of sentence - goal is to indivdualize punishment

46. Jury Selection

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47. According to the Supreme Court - the following activities would not violate individual protections against illegal seasrch and seizure...
The search of abandoned property - the search of an open field - the fly-over search of property
The place and its charecteristics
Illegally obtained confessions - cruel and unusual punishment and an impartial jury
Minimum-Security Prison

48. What are the Defendants Legal Rights at Trial?
Intake
Property crimes
1. Impartial Judge; 2. Competent to Stand Trial; 3. Confront Witnesses; 4. Compulsory Process; 5. Impartial Jury; 6. Counsul; 7. Speedy Trial; 8. Public Trial
Established that juveniles should be rehabilitated not punished and that children should not be treated as adults

49. A prison system - developed in Pennsylvania during the nineteeth centry - based on total isolation and individual pentence.
Supreme court has established that criminal trials must remain public
Judge should excuse himself or herself in there is a conflict of interest
If the punishment is 6 months in prisonment or more
Pennsylvania System

50. A sentence in which offenders serve a short prison term before they begin probation - to impress them with the pain of imprisonment.
Shock Probation
Judge directs jury to acquit the defendant because the prosecution has fail to prove the elements of the crime according to legal standards
Higher
15 states allow the prosecutor to decide