Test your basic knowledge |

CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away






2. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not






3. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice






4. Tides may be...






5. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth






6. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms






7. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight






8. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging






9. The runoff produced by melting snow






10. Water returns to the land surface at __________ than where it entered - under the force of gravity or gravity - induced pressures






11. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans






12. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus






13. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time






14. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground






15. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar






16. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements






17. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year






18. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra






19. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler

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20. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...






21. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)






22. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance






23. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk






24. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean






25. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul






26. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti






27. Center: 3000

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28. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability






29. Maritime tropical (wet - warm air)






30. Forms over water and is associated with wet air






31. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water






32. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity






33. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans






34. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream






35. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres






36. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity






37. Paleontology: Fossil evidence indicates the similarity of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean - Continental 'jigsaw puzzle': The outlines of the continents seem to fit together






38. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold






39. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition






40. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry






41. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________






42. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an






43. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses






44. Continental tropical (dry - warm air)






45. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes






46. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)






47. The Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by ___________ coming together






48. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil






49. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment






50. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000