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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Rocky planets and moons
Eclipses
Continental drift
Chaotic system
2. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Photosphere
moisture
Earth
Runoff
3. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
snow
Planets
Spring tide
Climate
4. Piled in waves and indicate rain or snow
Snowmelt
Altostratus clouds
Estuary
Canopy interception
5. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Subsurface flow
Ways magma can form
Clastic
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
6. The science of the atmosphere and weather
Extrusive
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Meteorology
Mantle
7. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Sedimentation
Strata
Evaporation
The rock cycle
8. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Plate tectonics
Earth
River
clouds
9. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
Distance
River
Eclipses
- mP
10. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
Earth's crust
Convergent plate movements
Air mass
Condensation
11. 186000 miles/second
Percolation
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Speed of light
Chaotic system
12. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
El Nino and La Nina
50-100
Earth
Longitude
13. 1 hour of time
15
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Erosion and land use
10000
14. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
Valley breeze
Extrusive
10000
Weathering
15. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Nuclear fusion
Convergent plate movements
Igneous rocks
Tides
16. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes
Spring tide
Opposite seasons
Crust
Winter solstice
17. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
Tidal range
Solar eclipse
Lunar eclipse
15
18. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart
Types of clouds
Rocky planets and moons
Mid - oceanic ridge
Gravity and inertia
19. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Sublimation
precipitation
Condensation
Smaller regions of the oceans
20. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
Chemical weathering
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Conglomerates
Small islands
21. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Earth
Galactic center
Transform plate movements
Long linear arcs
22. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
Climate
Plate tectonics
Gravity and inertia
Solar wind
23. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
Intrusive
Mantle
Longitude
Ice Age
24. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Surface ocean currents
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Weather phenomena on earth
Chemical weathering
25. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Scratch test
5.6
Conglomerates
Pacific Ring of Fire
26. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun
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27. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
Erosion and land use
Petroleum exploration
Distance
El Nino and La Nina
28. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Tidal range
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Seasons
Hydrologic concepts
29. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
Precipitation
The rock cycle
Axis tilt
Diurnal
30. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
Surface ocean currents
percolation
El Nino and La Nina
The rock cycle
31. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Ways magma can form
groundwater discharge
Crustal rocks
Surface temperature differences
32. Evaporation often implicitly includes ___________ from plants - although together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration
Transform plate movements
Full moon
Transpiration
Types of clouds
33. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Tides
- mP
Parallax
Maritime air
34. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Stratus clouds
Gravity and inertia
Daylight saving time zones
Rock salt
35. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Transpiration
Valley breeze
Weathering
Full moon
36. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Tidal range
The geological time scale
Mantle plumes
Crustal rocks
37. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
World/global ocean
Small islands
Intrusive
Comet
38. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Sedimentary rocks
Neap tide/neaps
The Gulf - Stream
Equinoxes
39. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Winter solstice
Sunspots
Sun
Law of original horizontality
40. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Mantle
Divergent plate movements
15
Snowmelt
41. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
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42. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Rainfall
Groundwater
Lithosphere
50-100
43. Texture is important in classifying ______ sedimentary rocks
Valley breeze
Lithosphere
Ice Age
Clastic
44. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
New moon
Volcano
The geological time scale
Eclipses
45. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
5.6
Groundwater
Earth's crust
La Nina
46. Bbreaking along flat surfaces
11
Weight and mass
The earth's structure
Cleavage
47. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
Tropical air
Lunar eclipse
Minerals
Mid - oceanic ridge
48. The result of the buildup of once - living things
Eclipses
Coral reef
Sun's gravity
Canopy interception
49. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Troposhere
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Types of clouds
50. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
Canopy interception
Rain shadow
The geological time scale
Soil