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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Why weather occurs
Plate tectonics
Condensation
Scratch test
2. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Tropical air
Photosphere
Sunspots
Venus
3. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Valley breeze
Rocky planets and moons
Tropical air
Rainfall
4. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Clastic
Percolation
Mohs' scale of hardness
Coral reef
5. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
El Nino and La Nina
Rain shadow
Cirrus clouds
Surface temperature differences
6. The spectra of distant objects display a red shift - which is interpreted as meaning that they are rapidly receding from us - This apparent expansion of the universe has given rise to the big bang theory of cosmology - in which one primeval mass expl
Equinoxes
Strata
The big bang theory of cosmology
Hydrologic concepts
7. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Cirrus clouds
Andromeda galaxy
groundwater discharge
8. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Tidal range
Weather phenomena on earth
Sedimentation
groundwater discharge
9. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Earth
Tropical air
Scratch test
Transform plate movements
10. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
Percolation
Evaporation
The Gulf - Stream
lower elevation
11. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Metamorphic rocks
Geology
Meteorology
Cleavage
12. Two types of mountains are formed - depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Small islands
Block mountains or fold mountains
13. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Soil
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Percolation
Divergent plate movements
14. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
lower elevation
Diurnal
Ice Age
The big bang theory of cosmology
15. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Venus
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Troposhere
Full moon
16. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Cirrus clouds
Fossils
Stratus clouds
Sublimation
17. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition
Chemical weathering
Minerals
Semidiurnal
lower elevation
18. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Sun's gravity
- cT
Clastic
Weathering
19. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
Planets
Lithosphere
Crustal rocks
Convergent tectonic plates
20. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Axis tilt
Soil
Winter solstice
clouds
21. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Metamorphic rocks
Parallax
Sedimentation
Scratch test
22. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Surface temperature
Density
freshwater
Lithosphere
23. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions
New moon
Long - period comets
Fossils
cooling
24. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
Moon
29.5
Snowmelt
Block mountains or fold mountains
25. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Surface ocean currents
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
50-100
Galaxies
26. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
5.6
Fossils
Earth's crust
Latitude
27. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
3/4
Differential heating
Lunar eclipse
Tectonic plates
28. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Distance
Parallax
freshwater
Troposhere
29. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Cumulonibus clouds
Law of superposition
Strata
30. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Tidal range
Comet
Sublimation
Mantle
31. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
Standard time zones
Snow packs
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
10000
32. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Pacific Ring of Fire
River
Continental drift
Equinoxes
33. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Chaotic system
Divergent plate movements
Long linear arcs
Semidiurnal
34. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
- cP
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Distance
El Nino
35. This upslope wind is called a...
precipitation
46%
Condensation
Valley breeze
36. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
The rock cycle
Differential heating
Long - period comets
Gravity and inertia
37. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Continental air
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
The distinction between asteroids and comets
38. Seas - gulfs - bays - and other names
La Nina
Smaller regions of the oceans
Canopy interception
lower elevation
39. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
Crustal rocks
Sun
Extrusive
Altostratus clouds
40. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil
The geological time scale
Solar wind
Evapotranspiration
Meteorology
41. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses
Weight and mass
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Sedimentary rocks
Crustal rocks
42. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt
Semidiurnal
El Nino and La Nina
Neap tide/neaps
Snow packs
43. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
Erosion and land use
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Sunspots
California coast
44. Occur along plate boundaries
Metamorphic rocks
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Standard time zones
Time zone
45. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Hydrologic cycle
Sublimation
Crustal rocks
Equinoxes
46. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere
Cumulonibus clouds
The earth's structure
Sunspots
Block mountains or fold mountains
47. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Pacific Ring of Fire
The geological time scale
Climate
Comet nuclei
48. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Short - period comets
freshwater
snow
Rainfall
49. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
Mountain
Solar eclipse
The big bang theory of cosmology
Latitude
50. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
The rock cycle
Chemical weathering
Earth's crust
Lunar eclipse