Test your basic knowledge |

CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions






2. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents






3. Two types of mountains are formed - depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces






4. The Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by ___________ coming together






5. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream






6. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________






7. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions






8. Center: 3000

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9. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s






10. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old






11. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging






12. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5






13. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes






14. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw






15. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...






16. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an






17. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts






18. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away






19. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes ________ - which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time






20. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics






21. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...






22. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e






23. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt






24. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance






25. Forms over land and is associated with dry air






26. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually






27. 1 hour of time






28. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability






29. Temperature - pressure - and composition






30. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate






31. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity






32. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history






33. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms






34. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition






35. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)






36. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth






37. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted






38. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean






39. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides






40. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...

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41. The runoff produced by melting snow






42. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)






43. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th






44. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation






45. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)






46. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry






47. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15






48. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert






49. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not






50. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities