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CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed






2. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong






3. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e






4. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)






5. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream






6. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon






7. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals






8. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans






9. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans






10. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across






11. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk






12. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density






13. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere






14. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface






15. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation






16. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...






17. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity






18. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...






19. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an






20. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line






21. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths






22. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra






23. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability






24. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt






25. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15






26. Evaporation often implicitly includes ___________ from plants - although together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration






27. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities






28. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy






29. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater






30. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started






31. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years






32. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...






33. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil






34. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not






35. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun






36. The runoff produced by melting snow






37. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the






38. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)






39. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names






40. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres






41. Air currents move clouds around the globe and cloud particles collide - grow - and fall out of the sky as ________ - Most of it falls back into the oceans or onto land - where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff - portion of run






42. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms






43. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old






44. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry






45. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore






46. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy






47. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti






48. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time






49. Formed by sodium chloride






50. Solar Atmosphere is divided into the inner chromosphere with explosive prominences and the outer corona - a glowing halo visible only during a total eclipse - Constantly emitting particles as a...







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