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CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 186000 miles/second






2. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans






3. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres






4. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels






5. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes ________ - which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time






6. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5






7. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere






8. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________






9. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean






10. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere






11. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths






12. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow






13. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance






14. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore






15. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water






16. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...






17. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)






18. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong






19. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure






20. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom






21. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip






22. Volcanoes can be caused by '____________'; these so - called hotspots - as in Hawaii - can occur far from plate boundaries






23. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents






24. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit






25. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s






26. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...






27. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...






28. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun






29. Bbreaking along flat surfaces






30. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes






31. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra






32. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns






33. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth






34. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.






35. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...

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36. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily through ___________






37. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)






38. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon






39. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk






40. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry






41. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds






42. The degrees north or south of the equator






43. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an






44. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates






45. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity






46. A major determiner of coastal climate






47. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed






48. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface






49. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition






50. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere







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