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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 186000 miles/second
Runoff
Comet nuclei
New moon
Speed of light
2. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Sun
Comet nuclei
Continental drift
Galaxies
3. Continental polar (dry - cold air)
- cP
Sun's gravity
Mantle plumes
Lunar eclipse
4. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
Continental air
50-100
Orogenic zones
15
5. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun
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6. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)
Time zone
The geological time scale
larger planet
Tidal range
7. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Weight and mass
Igneous rocks
Continental drift
8. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes
River
Convergent plate movements
The earth's structure
Chemical sedimentary rocks
9. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Daylight saving time zones
Venus
Longitude
Mantle plumes
10. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
Ice Age
Surface temperature differences
Chemical weathering
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
11. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
Convergent plate movements
cooling
Tectonic plates
Differential heating
12. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Evapotranspiration
Law of superposition
Mohs' scale of hardness
Types of galaxies
13. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
Condensation
Daylight saving time zones
Mantle
Andromeda galaxy
14. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Tropical air
Neap tide/neaps
Minerals
Hydrologic concepts
15. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Strata
The rock cycle
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Limestone
16. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Convergent plate movements
- cP
jet stream
17. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
Mantle
- cT
Convergent tectonic plates
El Nino and La Nina
18. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Gravity and inertia
aquifers
Sublimation
Law of superposition
19. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Minerals
Equinoxes
Small islands
Strata
20. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
10000
Valley breeze
Standard time zones
precipitation
21. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
Evaporation
Solar System
- cT
Sunspots
22. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Parallax
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
- cT
Types of clouds
23. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
groundwater discharge
Solar System
Comet nuclei
New moon
24. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
Opposite seasons
Evaporation
Climate
11
25. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
Speed of light
Precipitation
Gravity and inertia
Extrusive
26. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Tectonic plates
Solar eclipse
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Planets
27. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Orogenic zones
Air mass
Solar radiation
Runoff
28. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Lithosphere
Convergent tectonic plates
Latitude
Galaxies
29. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
Small islands
Conglomerates
Metamorphic rocks
Cumulonibus clouds
30. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Smaller regions of the oceans
Solar System
Subduction zones
Rainfall
31. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Mantle
Distance
Air mass
Venus
32. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...
Mantle plumes
Standard time zones
percolation
El Nino
33. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
New moon
Tropical air
Climate
Smaller regions of the oceans
34. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Rocky planets and moons
Sublimation
Coral reef
35. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
The rock cycle
Deserts
Sublimation
Surface ocean currents
36. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Axis tilt
Solar wind
groundwater discharge
37. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
Chemical weathering
- cP
The Gulf - Stream
Estuary
38. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Hydrologic concepts
Convergent tectonic plates
El Nino and La Nina
Surface temperature differences
39. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
Uniformitarianism
Percolation
The equator
Why weather occurs
40. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Comet
jet stream
groundwater discharge
Tidal range
41. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Neap tide/neaps
Types of clouds
Tropical air
Ice Age
42. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...
Short - period comets
Types of clouds
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Troposhere
43. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Standard time zones
Crustal rocks
Hydrologic concepts
Pacific Ring of Fire
44. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Minerals
Andromeda galaxy
Divergent plate movements
3/4
45. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
Convergent tectonic plates
Weather phenomena on earth
La Nina
Metamorphic rocks
46. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Mechanical/physical weathering
Cumulonibus clouds
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Spring tide
47. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Intrusive
Crust
Major oceans
Erosion
48. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
cooling
Transpiration
Lunar eclipse
World/global ocean
49. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Altostratus clouds
Tropical air
Rocky planets and moons
Continental air
50. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Uniformitarianism
Tidal range
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
World/global ocean