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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Weathering
Convergent tectonic plates
Solar System
precipitation
2. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Longitude
Convergent tectonic plates
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Subduction zones
3. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Law of original horizontality
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Mechanical/physical weathering
Valley breeze
4. A major determiner of coastal climate
Surface ocean temperature
5.6
Comet nuclei
Equinoxes
5. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
Surface temperature
Inertia
11
clouds
6. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Rock salt
Neap tide/neaps
Runoff
Opposite seasons
7. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Earth
The rock cycle
groundwater discharge
8. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Snowmelt
Comet nuclei
Condensation
Smaller regions of the oceans
9. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
Surface ocean temperature
Venus
freshwater springs
Polar air
10. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Differential heating
Strata
Long - period comets
11. The Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by ___________ coming together
Convergent tectonic plates
Stratus clouds
Altostratus clouds
Seasons
12. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates
Surface ocean currents
Mountain
Sublimation
Longitude
13. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...
Percolation
World/global ocean
Parallax
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
14. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
The geological time scale
Meteorology
Rainfall
Eclipses
15. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Inertia
Spring tide
Diurnal
16. Some precipitation falls as ____ and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers - which can store water for thousands of years
Block mountains or fold mountains
snow
Rain shadow
Air mass
17. Occur along plate boundaries
Snow packs
Latitude
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Sunspots
18. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
Weather phenomena on earth
- cT
World/global ocean
Solar System
19. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Opposite seasons
jet stream
Soil
Air mass
20. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Rainfall
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
jet stream
Cumulonibus clouds
21. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Erosion and land use
Law of superposition
Plate tectonics
22. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
groundwater discharge
Uniformitarianism
- cT
Tectonic plates
23. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Venus
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Soil
clouds
24. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Differential heating
The Gulf - Stream
Why weather occurs
Photosphere
25. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Climate
Semidiurnal
River
Types of clouds
26. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
Orogenic zones
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Clastic
11
27. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels
Air mass
- mT
Venus
The rock cycle
28. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
Latitude
- cP
Small islands
Venus
29. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Asteroids
Sun's gravity
- mP
30. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Groundwater
11
Mechanical/physical weathering
Crust
31. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
Continental drift
Earth's crust
Canopy interception
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
32. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes
Convergent plate movements
Sedimentary rocks
Estuary
Weight and mass
33. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
groundwater discharge
The Gulf - Stream
freshwater
Strata
34. The tidal force produced by the sun is ____ as large as that produced by the moon
Rain shadow
46%
Spring tide
Solar radiation
35. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Winter solstice
Sun's gravity
Deserts
Limestone
36. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Polar air
Full moon
Sunspots
Tides
37. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Surface temperature differences
Chaotic system
New moon
Transform plate movements
38. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
- mT
La Nina
Rocky planets and moons
Examples to support Continental drift theory
39. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________
Galactic center
Chemical weathering
Short - period comets
Latitude
40. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Weather phenomena on earth
Rock salt
The earth's structure
41. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Comet nuclei
Surface ocean temperature
Meteorology
Moon
42. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition
Differential heating
Minerals
groundwater discharge
Coral reef
43. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
Styles of rock deformation
- cP
10000
- mP
44. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Tropical air
Stratus clouds
The earth's structure
Examples to support Continental drift theory
45. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th
Hydrologic cycle
Sedimentary rocks
El Nino
Percolation
46. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
Erosion and land use
larger planet
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Clastic
47. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter
Colder
Surface ocean currents
Uniformitarianism
New moon
48. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
Rocky planets and moons
Neap tide/neaps
Cleavage
Divergent plate movements
49. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Scratch test
Parallax
The earth's structure
Hydrologic cycle
50. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
Asteroids
Solar System
Types of clouds
freshwater