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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)
Mohs' scale of hardness
Time zone
11
Canopy interception
2. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Sedimentary rocks
29.5
The geological time scale
freshwater
3. Two types of mountains are formed - depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces
Erosion
The big bang theory of cosmology
Block mountains or fold mountains
15
4. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
11
Altostratus clouds
Maritime air
El Nino
5. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
11
Polar air
Latitude
Runoff
6. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
10000
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Weather phenomena on earth
Sunspots
7. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Mantle
- mT
Long linear arcs
Mechanical/physical weathering
8. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
29.5
Tides
- cT
Parallax
9. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
Deserts
Scratch test
Galactic center
Law of superposition
10. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Opposite seasons
Latitude
Erosion and land use
Inertia
11. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
Solar wind
clouds
Tectonic plates
3/4
12. Paleontology: Fossil evidence indicates the similarity of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean - Continental 'jigsaw puzzle': The outlines of the continents seem to fit together
Sun's gravity
New moon
lower
Examples to support Continental drift theory
13. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Distance
Clastic
Ice Age
Troposhere
14. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
Percolation
Axis tilt
Eclipses
El Nino and La Nina
15. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th
Uniformitarianism
El Nino
Sun
Sedimentation
16. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Conglomerates
Percolation
Convergent tectonic plates
El Nino
17. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Surface temperature
Subduction zones
lower
Photosphere
18. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
freshwater springs
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Nuclear fusion
Short - period comets
19. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Subduction zones
Maritime air
Rock salt
Stratus clouds
20. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Why weather occurs
Conglomerates
Surface temperature
Troposhere
21. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
10000
Opposite seasons
California coast
freshwater
22. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Parallax
3/4
Spring tide
Solar System
23. Continental polar (dry - cold air)
- cP
Altostratus clouds
Conglomerates
Erosion
24. An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions associated with the plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean - In a 40000 km horseshoe shape - associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches - volcanic arcs - and volcanic
Scratch test
snow
Pacific Ring of Fire
Valley breeze
25. Forms over land and is associated with dry air
Deserts
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Mohs' scale of hardness
Continental air
26. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Hydrologic cycle
Mid - oceanic ridge
Axis tilt
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
27. (or summer time zones) include an offset (typically +1 hour) for daylight saving time
Block mountains or fold mountains
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Daylight saving time zones
10000
28. Some precipitation falls as ____ and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers - which can store water for thousands of years
Long linear arcs
29.5
snow
Solar radiation
29. Faulting and folding
Precipitation
Neap tide/neaps
Styles of rock deformation
Chemical weathering
30. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Density
Full moon
Lunar eclipse
Mechanical/physical weathering
31. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
River
Plate tectonics
Distance
Tides
32. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream
Cumulonibus clouds
Differential heating
River
- mT
33. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Erosion and land use
Clastic
Petroleum exploration
34. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
Mountain
Transpiration
Subsurface flow
Condensation
35. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
The most abundant minerals in the crust
World/global ocean
5.6
Igneous rocks
36. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
cooling
Examples to support Continental drift theory
La Nina
11
37. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists
Fossils
Diurnal
Pacific Ring of Fire
Earth
38. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Chaotic system
Hydrologic cycle
Percolation
Metamorphic rocks
39. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Parallax
Chaotic system
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Divergent plate movements
40. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
Solar eclipse
50-100
Photosphere
California coast
41. Center: 3000
42. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Rocky planets and moons
Weight and mass
Sun
Runoff
43. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Daylight saving time zones
Moon
Surface temperature
Altostratus clouds
44. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Mineral color
Tidal range
Mechanical/physical weathering
45. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Metamorphic rocks
- mT
Stratus clouds
Lithosphere
46. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
Weight and mass
Sun
Full moon
Surface ocean currents
47. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
Mohs' scale of hardness
Semidiurnal
Coral reef
Planets
48. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
River
Precipitation
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Snow packs
49. Two high waters and two low waters each day - in most locations - tides are semidiurnal
Geology
Lunar eclipse
Semidiurnal
The big bang theory of cosmology
50. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Daylight saving time zones
Small islands
Parallax