Test your basic knowledge |

CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw






2. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt






3. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability






4. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes






5. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth






6. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)






7. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun






8. Tides may be...






9. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground






10. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms






11. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk






12. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging






13. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip






14. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth






15. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift






16. The science of the atmosphere and weather






17. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5






18. 186000 miles/second






19. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...






20. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition






21. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean






22. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)






23. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England






24. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System






25. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere






26. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh






27. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns






28. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually






29. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water






30. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________






31. This upslope wind is called a...






32. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure






33. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds






34. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium






35. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...






36. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years






37. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed






38. The degrees north or south of the equator






39. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres






40. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)






41. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line






42. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom






43. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not






44. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...






45. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer






46. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)






47. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune






48. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest

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49. Faulting and folding






50. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)