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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
The earth's structure
Mineral color
River
Hydrologic cycle
2. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Latitude
Latitude
El Nino and La Nina
Winter solstice
3. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
Cleavage
Stars
Climate
Differential heating
4. Tides may be...
Sedimentary rocks
Venus
Polar air
Semidiurnal or diurnal
5. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream
snow
percolation
Soil
River
6. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Weathering
Mantle plumes
Why weather occurs
7. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Cleavage
Asteroids
Sunspots
Density
8. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
snow
freshwater
Tidal range
Sun's gravity
9. The science of the atmosphere and weather
Polar air
Sun
Mechanical/physical weathering
Meteorology
10. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Intrusive
Igneous rocks
Valley breeze
Mid - oceanic ridge
11. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Intrusive
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Comet nuclei
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
12. Bbreaking along flat surfaces
Cleavage
11
Mohs' scale of hardness
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
13. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Solar eclipse
Long - period comets
aquifers
Runoff
14. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Mohs' scale of hardness
Galaxies
Subsurface flow
cooling
15. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates
Climate
cooling
Mountain
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
16. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
New moon
Why weather occurs
Maritime air
Law of superposition
17. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
Minerals
jet stream
The Gulf - Stream
Gravity and inertia
18. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
El Nino and La Nina
Mantle
Daylight saving time zones
Chemical sedimentary rocks
19. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Eclipses
Rainfall
50-100
Smaller regions of the oceans
20. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Minerals
Tides
3/4
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
21. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Types of clouds
Galactic center
The rock cycle
Sedimentary rocks
22. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Equinoxes
Precipitation
- mT
Standard time zones
23. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
Subsurface flow
Tides
Crustal rocks
Mechanical/physical weathering
24. Faulting and folding
Hydrologic concepts
Styles of rock deformation
Mantle
Scratch test
25. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Tides
Planets
Types of galaxies
Latitude
26. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)
Erosion and land use
Distance
Rocky planets and moons
Geology
27. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Rain shadow
freshwater springs
clouds
Mountain
28. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Eclipses
Density
Differential heating
Sun
29. Solar Atmosphere is divided into the inner chromosphere with explosive prominences and the outer corona - a glowing halo visible only during a total eclipse - Constantly emitting particles as a...
Solar wind
Long - period comets
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Comet nuclei
30. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Troposhere
Maritime air
Law of original horizontality
Semidiurnal
31. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Subduction zones
The geological time scale
Semidiurnal or diurnal
World/global ocean
32. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Maritime air
Photosphere
Daylight saving time zones
33. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes
lower elevation
Geology
3/4
Crust
34. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
Evaporation
La Nina
Neap tide/neaps
Distance
35. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
Air mass
Neap tide/neaps
Erosion
Mineral color
36. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Long - period comets
Law of original horizontality
Intrusive
Gravity and inertia
37. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
cooling
El Nino and La Nina
- cT
snow
38. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
Hydrologic cycle
clouds
11
Seasons
39. The runoff produced by melting snow
Snowmelt
Condensation
Precipitation
Daylight saving time zones
40. Featherlike clouds that indicate fair weather
Short - period comets
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Cirrus clouds
Orogenic zones
41. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
Extrusive
Clastic
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Cumulonibus clouds
42. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)
Conglomerates
Continental air
Rain shadow
Time zone
43. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Scratch test
freshwater springs
46%
Hydrologic cycle
44. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Continental air
Sublimation
Styles of rock deformation
Photosphere
45. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Transform plate movements
5.6
46%
46. Forms over land and is associated with dry air
clouds
Continental air
Andromeda galaxy
Surface ocean temperature
47. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
Neap tide/neaps
Solar System
Chemical sedimentary rocks
- cT
48. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Stars
Gravity and inertia
Seasons
Latitude
49. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
5.6
larger planet
Differential heating
Inertia
50. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Stratus clouds
50-100
Mantle plumes
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions