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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The spectra of distant objects display a red shift - which is interpreted as meaning that they are rapidly receding from us - This apparent expansion of the universe has given rise to the big bang theory of cosmology - in which one primeval mass expl
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Soil
The big bang theory of cosmology
Deserts
2. This upslope wind is called a...
Valley breeze
Ice Age
Sun
Cirrus clouds
3. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Surface temperature differences
Weather phenomena on earth
Tides
The geological time scale
4. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
Colder
Sun's gravity
Solar System
Semidiurnal or diurnal
5. Center: 3000
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6. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms
Convergent tectonic plates
Eclipses
groundwater discharge
Cumulonibus clouds
7. An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions associated with the plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean - In a 40000 km horseshoe shape - associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches - volcanic arcs - and volcanic
jet stream
Pacific Ring of Fire
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
The rock cycle
8. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Weather phenomena on earth
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
freshwater
Axis tilt
9. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
Transform plate movements
10000
Asteroids
Surface temperature
10. Maritime tropical (wet - warm air)
- mT
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Runoff
Examples to support Continental drift theory
11. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Seasons
The earth's structure
Sublimation
Continental drift
12. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Altostratus clouds
Rain shadow
Colder
Subsurface flow
13. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Styles of rock deformation
Air mass
The distinction between asteroids and comets
14. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Sedimentation
Subduction zones
The earth's structure
The equator
15. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Limestone
Surface temperature
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
lower elevation
16. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Soil
Convergent plate movements
Major oceans
Surface ocean currents
17. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Conglomerates
Ways magma can form
Differential heating
Polar air
18. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
El Nino
Deserts
Transform plate movements
Snow packs
19. Formed by sodium chloride
Planets
Sun's gravity
Rock salt
Sublimation
20. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Strata
Ice Age
Surface temperature differences
Plate tectonics
21. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Volcano
Igneous rocks
Maritime air
22. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Evaporation
El Nino
Tidal range
Volcano
23. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
Distance
Mohs' scale of hardness
Sun
50-100
24. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
Rock salt
Short - period comets
10000
Chemical sedimentary rocks
25. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Lithosphere
groundwater discharge
Surface temperature
lower elevation
26. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Mountain
Valley breeze
Tides
Why weather occurs
27. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
Gravity and inertia
Valley breeze
Soil
29.5
28. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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29. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune
Surface ocean temperature
Law of superposition
larger planet
Short - period comets
30. Forms over water and is associated with wet air
Cleavage
Winter solstice
Maritime air
Meteorology
31. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
River
Semidiurnal
The equator
Canopy interception
32. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Lunar eclipse
Runoff
Ways magma can form
Metamorphic rocks
33. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
Evaporation
Neap tide/neaps
Sedimentation
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
34. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Divergent plate movements
Earth's crust
Eclipses
The big bang theory of cosmology
35. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
percolation
Surface temperature
Winter solstice
Evaporation
36. 1 hour of time
jet stream
15
Longitude
lower elevation
37. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Law of original horizontality
Earth
Evaporation
The equator
38. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
Hydrologic cycle
Rain shadow
15
freshwater springs
39. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Tropical air
Neap tide/neaps
New moon
40. Evaporation often implicitly includes ___________ from plants - although together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration
Altostratus clouds
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Scratch test
Transpiration
41. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
El Nino and La Nina
Mechanical/physical weathering
Altostratus clouds
Weather phenomena on earth
42. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Comet
Condensation
Daylight saving time zones
El Nino and La Nina
43. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Eclipses
Evapotranspiration
World/global ocean
Estuary
44. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Surface temperature
Full moon
5.6
Tectonic plates
45. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses
Weight and mass
Comet nuclei
Continental drift
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
46. Continental polar (dry - cold air)
Rain shadow
Evaporation
Ways magma can form
- cP
47. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Speed of light
groundwater discharge
- mT
Nuclear fusion
48. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
Planets
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Sunspots
Surface temperature
49. Temperature - pressure - and composition
Solar System
Ways magma can form
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
freshwater springs
50. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
lower
Sun
Distance
Chemical sedimentary rocks