Test your basic knowledge |

CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw






2. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists






3. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom






4. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra






5. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone






6. Texture is important in classifying ______ sedimentary rocks






7. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean






8. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________






9. 186000 miles/second






10. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted






11. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry






12. Two high waters and two low waters each day - in most locations - tides are semidiurnal






13. The process in which one type of rock changes into another






14. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th






15. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer






16. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog






17. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes






18. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans






19. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes ________ - which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time






20. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities






21. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started






22. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms






23. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti






24. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon






25. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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26. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)






27. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions






28. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes






29. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift






30. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt






31. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)






32. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s






33. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres






34. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler

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35. Water returns to the land surface at __________ than where it entered - under the force of gravity or gravity - induced pressures






36. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor






37. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms






38. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses






39. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts






40. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates






41. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents






42. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years






43. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away






44. Continental polar (dry - cold air)






45. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...






46. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names






47. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides






48. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)






49. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____






50. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes