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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Strata
freshwater springs
Moon
Altostratus clouds
2. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Metamorphic rocks
11
Longitude
3. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Intrusive
Smaller regions of the oceans
Mantle
Long linear arcs
4. The runoff produced by melting snow
46%
Snowmelt
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Crustal rocks
5. Temperature - pressure - and composition
freshwater springs
The earth's structure
Ways magma can form
Sunspots
6. Center: 3000
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7. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Long - period comets
Stars
Long linear arcs
Petroleum exploration
8. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Sun
Snow packs
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Asteroids
9. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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10. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Metamorphic rocks
Hydrologic concepts
clouds
Types of clouds
11. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...
Solar eclipse
percolation
Photosphere
Tides
12. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
Solar System
Sunspots
Extrusive
Solar radiation
13. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions
Long - period comets
Strata
Limestone
Intrusive
14. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Mohs' scale of hardness
Soil
Convergent tectonic plates
15. Volcanoes can be caused by '____________'; these so - called hotspots - as in Hawaii - can occur far from plate boundaries
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Uniformitarianism
Minerals
Mantle plumes
16. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
Surface ocean temperature
Andromeda galaxy
10000
Geology
17. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
Solar System
Differential heating
River
Tectonic plates
18. A major determiner of coastal climate
Surface ocean temperature
The earth's structure
29.5
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
19. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Mountain
Weather phenomena on earth
Axis tilt
Continental drift
20. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
Nuclear fusion
Solar eclipse
lower elevation
Precipitation
21. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
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22. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
El Nino and La Nina
Condensation
Longitude
Continental drift
23. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune
Solar System
Short - period comets
Rocky planets and moons
Opposite seasons
24. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift
Troposhere
Evaporation
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Orogenic zones
25. 186000 miles/second
Erosion and land use
Andromeda galaxy
Deserts
Speed of light
26. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Standard time zones
Subsurface flow
Semidiurnal
Intrusive
27. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Sedimentation
Chaotic system
Runoff
Estuary
28. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Small islands
Cirrus clouds
Uniformitarianism
The big bang theory of cosmology
29. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
La Nina
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Opposite seasons
Plate tectonics
30. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
The rock cycle
groundwater discharge
Continental air
Solar radiation
31. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
- mP
Colder
Short - period comets
Law of superposition
32. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Mineral color
Subsurface flow
Tides
Precipitation
33. Two types of mountains are formed - depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces
Altostratus clouds
Sedimentary rocks
Block mountains or fold mountains
Runoff
34. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
Types of clouds
Climate
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Evaporation
35. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
Evaporation
Cleavage
Winter solstice
Solar eclipse
36. An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions associated with the plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean - In a 40000 km horseshoe shape - associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches - volcanic arcs - and volcanic
El Nino and La Nina
Pacific Ring of Fire
Evaporation
29.5
37. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Galactic center
The geological time scale
Smaller regions of the oceans
Weather phenomena on earth
38. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Sedimentary rocks
Full moon
The rock cycle
snow
39. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Continental drift
Earth
Solar radiation
Speed of light
40. The spectra of distant objects display a red shift - which is interpreted as meaning that they are rapidly receding from us - This apparent expansion of the universe has given rise to the big bang theory of cosmology - in which one primeval mass expl
jet stream
The big bang theory of cosmology
Inertia
Weight and mass
41. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Ways magma can form
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Troposhere
Surface ocean currents
42. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
Geology
Petroleum exploration
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Uniformitarianism
43. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Equinoxes
- cT
Mineral color
44. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
The big bang theory of cosmology
Limestone
- cT
Subsurface flow
45. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Hydrologic concepts
Soil
Comet
Metamorphic rocks
46. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
Sun's gravity
Mineral color
Subduction zones
Hydrologic concepts
47. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Erosion
The big bang theory of cosmology
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Earth
48. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
29.5
snow
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Subduction zones
49. Maritime tropical (wet - warm air)
Air mass
- mT
Rocky planets and moons
Chemical sedimentary rocks
50. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
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