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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Ice Age
Soil
Crust
Earth's crust
2. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
Planets
Why weather occurs
The distinction between asteroids and comets
La Nina
3. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists
Crust
Longitude
Scratch test
Fossils
4. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
Tides
Lunar eclipse
Andromeda galaxy
Rock salt
5. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere
Seasons
Solar radiation
Sunspots
Altostratus clouds
6. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Polar air
Types of clouds
Crustal rocks
Neap tide/neaps
7. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th
La Nina
The big bang theory of cosmology
snow
El Nino
8. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds
Law of superposition
River
groundwater discharge
Lunar eclipse
9. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
3/4
Lithosphere
- mT
Why weather occurs
10. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Valley breeze
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Axis tilt
Full moon
11. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Limestone
Solar System
Spring tide
10000
12. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift
groundwater discharge
46%
Parallax
Orogenic zones
13. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
Full moon
Pacific Ring of Fire
Mineral color
Asteroids
14. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents
Surface ocean currents
freshwater springs
Daylight saving time zones
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
15. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
Altostratus clouds
Deserts
Erosion and land use
Spring tide
16. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
groundwater discharge
11
Rainfall
Tropical air
17. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Air mass
Groundwater
Parallax
Latitude
18. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
The distinction between asteroids and comets
lower elevation
Standard time zones
19. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Erosion and land use
Crust
Stars
Precipitation
20. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
Climate
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Precipitation
lower elevation
21. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
The big bang theory of cosmology
Continental air
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Troposhere
22. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
La Nina
The geological time scale
Troposhere
Extrusive
23. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Axis tilt
Law of original horizontality
Continental air
24. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Runoff
Tectonic plates
lower
Mountain
25. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...
percolation
Solar wind
Erosion
Mantle plumes
26. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Conglomerates
Condensation
California coast
27. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
29.5
Equinoxes
Snowmelt
Chaotic system
28. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
Transpiration
Ice Age
Plate tectonics
Convergent plate movements
29. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Hydrologic concepts
The rock cycle
Deserts
Opposite seasons
30. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Mountain
Runoff
3/4
Polar air
31. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Photosphere
Chaotic system
Crustal rocks
Stratus clouds
32. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
3/4
Solar eclipse
lower elevation
Types of clouds
33. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault
Transform plate movements
Nuclear fusion
Law of superposition
Subduction zones
34. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
Soil
larger planet
Weathering
Mineral color
35. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
29.5
Mantle
Evapotranspiration
Standard time zones
36. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun
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37. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
46%
Strata
Moon
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
38. Water returns to the land surface at __________ than where it entered - under the force of gravity or gravity - induced pressures
Mountain
lower elevation
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Subduction zones
39. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Parallax
Major oceans
- mP
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
40. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
11
3/4
Opposite seasons
Moon
41. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Coral reef
Surface temperature differences
Latitude
Surface ocean currents
42. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Smaller regions of the oceans
Latitude
Scratch test
Chemical weathering
43. (or summer time zones) include an offset (typically +1 hour) for daylight saving time
Comet
Daylight saving time zones
Diurnal
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
44. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes
Crust
Galactic center
Photosphere
Smaller regions of the oceans
45. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
Continental drift
Andromeda galaxy
Conglomerates
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
46. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter
10000
New moon
Colder
Types of clouds
47. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
New moon
Time zone
Comet nuclei
Continental air
48. Evaporation often implicitly includes ___________ from plants - although together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration
Galaxies
Major oceans
Transpiration
Sun
49. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Galaxies
The Gulf - Stream
Surface temperature
50. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
3/4
Longitude
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Troposhere