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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
Climate
Law of original horizontality
Divergent plate movements
- mP
2. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Surface ocean temperature
Erosion and land use
lower elevation
Planets
3. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean
Subsurface flow
15
Major oceans
Sedimentary rocks
4. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift
Meteorology
Orogenic zones
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Styles of rock deformation
5. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Comet nuclei
Law of original horizontality
Snowmelt
Sedimentation
6. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds
Styles of rock deformation
Law of superposition
Lunar eclipse
Air mass
7. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Rain shadow
Tropical air
Small islands
8. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
lower elevation
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Longitude
Polar air
9. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
3/4
Sedimentation
Hydrologic concepts
lower
10. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun
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11. The degrees north or south of the equator
Venus
Intrusive
Tropical air
Latitude
12. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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13. 1 hour of time
Coral reef
Opposite seasons
15
Small islands
14. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Metamorphic rocks
The geological time scale
Rocky planets and moons
Moon
15. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Tides
Convergent plate movements
Mid - oceanic ridge
Mechanical/physical weathering
16. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
Weight and mass
The geological time scale
Petroleum exploration
Planets
17. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Mountain
freshwater springs
Divergent plate movements
Altostratus clouds
18. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Sunspots
Mechanical/physical weathering
Estuary
Geology
19. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
Strata
Subduction zones
3/4
Daylight saving time zones
20. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Winter solstice
The geological time scale
Smaller regions of the oceans
The rock cycle
21. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Tidal range
Erosion
groundwater discharge
Sunspots
22. Center: 3000
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23. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
El Nino
Sedimentary rocks
Troposhere
Continental air
24. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
lower
- mT
Axis tilt
Small islands
25. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
freshwater
El Nino and La Nina
Surface ocean currents
26. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates
Winter solstice
3/4
larger planet
Mountain
27. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Long linear arcs
Solar eclipse
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
28. Air currents move clouds around the globe and cloud particles collide - grow - and fall out of the sky as ________ - Most of it falls back into the oceans or onto land - where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff - portion of run
Distance
Valley breeze
precipitation
Chemical sedimentary rocks
29. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Time zone
The earth's structure
Sedimentary rocks
Earth
30. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
Inertia
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Smaller regions of the oceans
31. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
Asteroids
World/global ocean
Crustal rocks
Surface temperature differences
32. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity
Erosion
Groundwater
Differential heating
snow
33. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Coral reef
Igneous rocks
Plate tectonics
River
34. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
Valley breeze
The equator
Canopy interception
Distance
35. Continental tropical (dry - warm air)
- cT
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Snowmelt
larger planet
36. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Parallax
Chaotic system
Sunspots
Lithosphere
37. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Subsurface flow
10000
Ways magma can form
Deserts
38. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Extrusive
Opposite seasons
Chemical sedimentary rocks
39. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily through ___________
Mineral color
Extrusive
Solar radiation
- mT
40. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
jet stream
Mid - oceanic ridge
Law of superposition
Nuclear fusion
41. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
California coast
Solar System
El Nino and La Nina
Solar eclipse
42. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes ________ - which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time
Runoff
aquifers
Chemical weathering
freshwater
43. Occur along plate boundaries
Surface temperature differences
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Mantle plumes
snow
44. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes
5.6
Sun
Convergent plate movements
Surface ocean currents
45. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Ice Age
Seasons
Block mountains or fold mountains
Types of galaxies
46. Some precipitation falls as ____ and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers - which can store water for thousands of years
Diurnal
Photosphere
snow
Cirrus clouds
47. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition
Geology
Minerals
Ways magma can form
Diurnal
48. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
Mechanical/physical weathering
Parallax
Uniformitarianism
Distance
49. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Polar air
California coast
- cT
Moon
50. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Longitude
Sublimation
Small islands
Latitude