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CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Sun
Sublimation
The geological time scale
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
2. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Erosion
Limestone
La Nina
3. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
46%
Geology
Rocky planets and moons
Equinoxes
4. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
Chemical weathering
Mantle
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Examples to support Continental drift theory
5. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream
Cirrus clouds
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Fossils
River
6. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Earth's crust
Evaporation
Short - period comets
New moon
7. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Sedimentation
Weathering
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Inertia
8. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Tides
Scratch test
Rain shadow
The geological time scale
9. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
El Nino and La Nina
The Gulf - Stream
Subsurface flow
50-100
10. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Short - period comets
Altostratus clouds
Small islands
Comet nuclei
11. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Convergent tectonic plates
Weathering
Galaxies
12. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Surface temperature differences
Convergent tectonic plates
Transpiration
11
13. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere
Opposite seasons
Fossils
Sunspots
Photosphere
14. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
Andromeda galaxy
Cirrus clouds
3/4
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
15. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
Intrusive
Mid - oceanic ridge
Transpiration
Climate
16. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Opposite seasons
Volcano
Snowmelt
Small islands
17. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity
Erosion
50-100
Maritime air
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
18. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Hydrologic cycle
Intrusive
jet stream
19. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Solar System
Sedimentary rocks
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Mohs' scale of hardness
20. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Rainfall
Gravity and inertia
Meteorology
Continental air
21. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Intrusive
lower elevation
Surface temperature differences
aquifers
22. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
The earth's structure
Earth
Tectonic plates
23. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
Transform plate movements
Extrusive
Crustal rocks
Hydrologic concepts
24. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt
El Nino and La Nina
lower
Snow packs
Major oceans
25. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Clastic
Standard time zones
Groundwater
Ways magma can form
26. Evaporation often implicitly includes ___________ from plants - although together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration
Long - period comets
Transpiration
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Condensation
27. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
Mineral color
aquifers
Cleavage
Weight and mass
28. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Inertia
Nuclear fusion
River
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
29. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Chemical weathering
Percolation
Distance
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
30. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Hydrologic cycle
Neap tide/neaps
Canopy interception
Distance
31. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
46%
Conglomerates
Types of galaxies
Runoff
32. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...
Runoff
Rock salt
46%
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
33. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil
Evapotranspiration
Surface temperature differences
Andromeda galaxy
precipitation
34. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Sublimation
Stars
Tropical air
35. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
The big bang theory of cosmology
Inertia
Uniformitarianism
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
36. The runoff produced by melting snow
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Geology
Snowmelt
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
37. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Seasons
larger planet
Rock salt
Full moon
38. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Divergent plate movements
snow
Spring tide
Petroleum exploration
39. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Winter solstice
clouds
Estuary
Rain shadow
40. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Percolation
Comet
Uniformitarianism
Tropical air
41. Air currents move clouds around the globe and cloud particles collide - grow - and fall out of the sky as ________ - Most of it falls back into the oceans or onto land - where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff - portion of run
World/global ocean
Mineral color
Groundwater
precipitation
42. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Weather phenomena on earth
Mechanical/physical weathering
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Spring tide
43. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
Divergent plate movements
Hydrologic cycle
5.6
lower
44. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
Subsurface flow
The equator
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Groundwater
45. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Comet nuclei
Sedimentation
The big bang theory of cosmology
Tropical air
46. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Strata
Block mountains or fold mountains
Igneous rocks
Seasons
47. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Types of clouds
The big bang theory of cosmology
Soil
Surface temperature differences
48. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
Differential heating
Snowmelt
Estuary
El Nino
49. Formed by sodium chloride
Rock salt
Semidiurnal
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Spring tide
50. Solar Atmosphere is divided into the inner chromosphere with explosive prominences and the outer corona - a glowing halo visible only during a total eclipse - Constantly emitting particles as a...
Colder
cooling
The equator
Solar wind
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