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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Mantle plumes
Polar air
Inertia
Venus
2. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Photosphere
Climate
Continental drift
precipitation
3. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Rock salt
Long linear arcs
Weathering
Geology
4. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Surface temperature
Mohs' scale of hardness
Nuclear fusion
Sedimentation
5. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
Hydrologic cycle
Ice Age
Chaotic system
Earth's crust
6. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Colder
Subsurface flow
Comet
Chemical weathering
7. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Law of original horizontality
Seasons
Full moon
Estuary
8. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Sublimation
groundwater discharge
Runoff
9. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
The geological time scale
Subduction zones
Earth's crust
Comet nuclei
10. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
Rock salt
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Subduction zones
Meteorology
11. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt
Snow packs
Strata
Standard time zones
Geology
12. Temperature - pressure - and composition
Ways magma can form
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Convergent tectonic plates
Planets
13. How much matter is in the object
Density
Latitude
Law of original horizontality
Rocky planets and moons
14. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
Chaotic system
Convergent tectonic plates
29.5
California coast
15. Occur along plate boundaries
- cP
- mP
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Mantle plumes
16. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
Neap tide/neaps
The equator
Andromeda galaxy
lower
17. Evaporation often implicitly includes ___________ from plants - although together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration
New moon
Distance
La Nina
Transpiration
18. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Nuclear fusion
Evapotranspiration
La Nina
Short - period comets
19. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
The geological time scale
Mountain
Sublimation
20. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Latitude
The geological time scale
Solar wind
Transform plate movements
21. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Semidiurnal
Metamorphic rocks
freshwater
Small islands
22. Paleontology: Fossil evidence indicates the similarity of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean - Continental 'jigsaw puzzle': The outlines of the continents seem to fit together
5.6
Strata
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Transpiration
23. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Subduction zones
Soil
Cleavage
groundwater discharge
24. On maps - the characteristics of an air mass are represented by two letters: The lowercase letter represents ________ - and the uppercase letter represents temperature
Clastic
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
moisture
Rocky planets and moons
25. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity
Erosion
Maritime air
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Continental drift
26. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
Petroleum exploration
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Strata
California coast
27. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
Continental drift
The distinction between asteroids and comets
5.6
The geological time scale
28. Continental tropical (dry - warm air)
Tropical air
- cT
Styles of rock deformation
3/4
29. Solar Atmosphere is divided into the inner chromosphere with explosive prominences and the outer corona - a glowing halo visible only during a total eclipse - Constantly emitting particles as a...
Solar wind
Chaotic system
Nuclear fusion
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
30. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Surface temperature
Comet nuclei
Short - period comets
Axis tilt
31. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Strata
Block mountains or fold mountains
46%
Stars
32. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Mantle
Longitude
Air mass
La Nina
33. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Full moon
Valley breeze
Hydrologic concepts
The earth's structure
34. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Tides
Convergent plate movements
Fossils
35. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Opposite seasons
Density
Stratus clouds
Intrusive
36. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Inertia
Andromeda galaxy
Comet
37. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter
Stratus clouds
Crust
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Colder
38. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Evaporation
Rocky planets and moons
Weather phenomena on earth
Mohs' scale of hardness
39. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
lower
Mantle plumes
Inertia
clouds
40. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)
Continental air
Time zone
Crust
Rocky planets and moons
41. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Intrusive
Differential heating
Weight and mass
Winter solstice
42. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Solar radiation
Strata
The rock cycle
43. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Comet
Spring tide
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Types of galaxies
44. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Rock salt
Mineral color
Surface temperature differences
freshwater springs
45. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Minerals
Why weather occurs
Styles of rock deformation
Moon
46. An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions associated with the plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean - In a 40000 km horseshoe shape - associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches - volcanic arcs - and volcanic
Pacific Ring of Fire
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Latitude
Rocky planets and moons
47. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun
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48. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Stars
Time zone
Mountain
Moon
49. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
50-100
Erosion
Canopy interception
Long linear arcs
50. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
50-100
Mechanical/physical weathering
- mP
Earth