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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Galaxies
Scratch test
Mountain
Condensation
2. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Tectonic plates
Planets
Intrusive
Conglomerates
3. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Sublimation
Law of original horizontality
15
Mountain
4. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Polar air
Parallax
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Earth
5. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Strata
Surface temperature differences
percolation
6. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
Galactic center
Sun
46%
Convergent plate movements
7. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Long linear arcs
Evapotranspiration
Speed of light
8. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Convergent plate movements
Snowmelt
Weather phenomena on earth
Air mass
9. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Long - period comets
Earth's crust
Longitude
Volcano
10. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Standard time zones
Pacific Ring of Fire
Weather phenomena on earth
Groundwater
11. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
Limestone
clouds
Surface ocean currents
50-100
12. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Law of superposition
Spring tide
World/global ocean
groundwater discharge
13. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
3/4
Full moon
Orogenic zones
Crustal rocks
14. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Polar air
Cleavage
The equator
Conglomerates
15. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
Rain shadow
Continental drift
jet stream
Petroleum exploration
16. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
groundwater discharge
Neap tide/neaps
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Law of original horizontality
17. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Hydrologic concepts
10000
freshwater springs
Seasons
18. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...
Density
California coast
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
larger planet
19. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Venus
Continental air
Runoff
Metamorphic rocks
20. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
29.5
5.6
The equator
Continental air
21. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Percolation
Lithosphere
aquifers
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
22. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Small islands
The equator
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Mantle plumes
23. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
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24. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Soil
Subsurface flow
Tides
Surface temperature
25. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Types of galaxies
Tectonic plates
Venus
Photosphere
26. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Clastic
Moon
Equinoxes
Hydrologic concepts
27. The degrees north or south of the equator
Latitude
Cumulonibus clouds
Limestone
Divergent plate movements
28. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Venus
Geology
World/global ocean
Moon
29. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Why weather occurs
Groundwater
Orogenic zones
Semidiurnal or diurnal
30. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Strata
Daylight saving time zones
- cP
31. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
- cP
The Gulf - Stream
Meteorology
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
32. Bbreaking along flat surfaces
Cleavage
Major oceans
- mT
Meteorology
33. Forms over land and is associated with dry air
Extrusive
Continental air
Rainfall
Troposhere
34. (or summer time zones) include an offset (typically +1 hour) for daylight saving time
Daylight saving time zones
Earth
Lithosphere
Types of galaxies
35. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
Mineral color
cooling
Runoff
Smaller regions of the oceans
36. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
Mechanical/physical weathering
Subduction zones
Stratus clouds
Chaotic system
37. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
Precipitation
Cumulonibus clouds
Sedimentation
Solar wind
38. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes
The rock cycle
Inertia
Polar air
Convergent plate movements
39. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
Long linear arcs
Mechanical/physical weathering
Plate tectonics
Condensation
40. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)
Mantle plumes
Metamorphic rocks
Geology
El Nino
41. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Tidal range
Chaotic system
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Rocky planets and moons
42. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Metamorphic rocks
Smaller regions of the oceans
Full moon
Evapotranspiration
43. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
Altostratus clouds
Cumulonibus clouds
The rock cycle
Latitude
44. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
La Nina
Cumulonibus clouds
Scratch test
3/4
45. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
Differential heating
Eclipses
Small islands
Mantle plumes
46. Air currents move clouds around the globe and cloud particles collide - grow - and fall out of the sky as ________ - Most of it falls back into the oceans or onto land - where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff - portion of run
Percolation
precipitation
World/global ocean
Weather phenomena on earth
47. Seas - gulfs - bays - and other names
3/4
Smaller regions of the oceans
percolation
46%
48. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
11
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Deserts
Spring tide
49. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Sedimentary rocks
Stratus clouds
Surface ocean temperature
Troposhere
50. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream
River
Precipitation
clouds
Speed of light
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