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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Maritime air
Meteorology
Sun
2. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
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3. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Polar air
aquifers
Chemical weathering
Mountain
4. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
29.5
Percolation
Rock salt
Snow packs
5. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
jet stream
Chemical weathering
Earth
Nuclear fusion
6. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
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7. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Plate tectonics
Galactic center
Cirrus clouds
8. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
Planets
cooling
Mineral color
Nuclear fusion
9. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Evaporation
groundwater discharge
Sedimentation
Canopy interception
10. 1 hour of time
Subduction zones
Sun
15
Time zone
11. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Uniformitarianism
Air mass
California coast
Groundwater
12. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
Mountain
Comet nuclei
5.6
Evaporation
13. Water returns to the land surface at __________ than where it entered - under the force of gravity or gravity - induced pressures
Solar System
lower elevation
Condensation
Volcano
14. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Weathering
La Nina
Fossils
Opposite seasons
15. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
Erosion
Petroleum exploration
El Nino and La Nina
The equator
16. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Solar System
moisture
freshwater
Asteroids
17. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Types of clouds
Scratch test
Mantle plumes
percolation
18. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Earth
Galactic center
Solar wind
Types of clouds
19. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Photosphere
Crust
Snow packs
Hydrologic cycle
20. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
lower elevation
Surface temperature
jet stream
Limestone
21. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
moisture
Chemical weathering
freshwater
Types of clouds
22. Faulting and folding
Cumulonibus clouds
River
Styles of rock deformation
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
23. (or summer time zones) include an offset (typically +1 hour) for daylight saving time
Eclipses
precipitation
Diurnal
Daylight saving time zones
24. Formed by sodium chloride
California coast
Differential heating
Lithosphere
Rock salt
25. Occur along plate boundaries
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Orogenic zones
Subduction zones
Tropical air
26. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
10000
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Moon
Major oceans
27. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
10000
Earth
Ways magma can form
Deserts
28. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily through ___________
Winter solstice
Ways magma can form
Solar radiation
Convergent tectonic plates
29. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Law of superposition
Law of original horizontality
jet stream
Mantle
30. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
Tidal range
Asteroids
- cT
Crustal rocks
31. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Weight and mass
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Andromeda galaxy
freshwater
32. Forms over land and is associated with dry air
Intrusive
Mid - oceanic ridge
Daylight saving time zones
Continental air
33. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart
Mid - oceanic ridge
Stratus clouds
Mantle plumes
aquifers
34. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Seasons
Convergent plate movements
Full moon
Colder
35. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
5.6
Stratus clouds
Why weather occurs
Solar System
36. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Troposhere
The rock cycle
Igneous rocks
37. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Sun's gravity
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Cumulonibus clouds
Law of original horizontality
38. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Equinoxes
Subduction zones
Latitude
Cumulonibus clouds
39. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Latitude
Venus
Short - period comets
Maritime air
40. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
Surface ocean currents
clouds
Weather phenomena on earth
Differential heating
41. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds
Law of superposition
Conglomerates
Pacific Ring of Fire
Polar air
42. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Snowmelt
Eclipses
lower
Longitude
43. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Runoff
Colder
5.6
Chaotic system
44. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
- mP
Condensation
Subsurface flow
freshwater springs
45. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
Volcano
Evapotranspiration
Block mountains or fold mountains
Ice Age
46. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Volcano
Estuary
Conglomerates
moisture
47. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Soil
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Rainfall
Chaotic system
48. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Subduction zones
Continental drift
29.5
The Gulf - Stream
49. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun
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50. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Standard time zones
Winter solstice
La Nina
Surface temperature
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