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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Equinoxes
Mohs' scale of hardness
The geological time scale
Surface ocean temperature
2. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
The equator
Tides
percolation
Mantle
3. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Uniformitarianism
Strata
Surface ocean temperature
The Gulf - Stream
4. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Hydrologic concepts
Continental drift
Intrusive
Minerals
5. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
Cirrus clouds
Intrusive
Time zone
Differential heating
6. On maps - the characteristics of an air mass are represented by two letters: The lowercase letter represents ________ - and the uppercase letter represents temperature
moisture
freshwater
The equator
Mantle plumes
7. The tidal force produced by the sun is ____ as large as that produced by the moon
46%
La Nina
The earth's structure
Surface ocean currents
8. 186000 miles/second
Differential heating
Spring tide
Canopy interception
Speed of light
9. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
percolation
10000
Standard time zones
Sedimentary rocks
10. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Surface temperature
Sublimation
Intrusive
Standard time zones
11. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
Long linear arcs
Latitude
World/global ocean
Surface ocean currents
12. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Cirrus clouds
5.6
Parallax
Rain shadow
13. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
Troposhere
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
11
Longitude
14. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Distance
Weathering
The Gulf - Stream
Evaporation
15. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
Condensation
Colder
Metamorphic rocks
The most abundant minerals in the crust
16. Evaporation often implicitly includes ___________ from plants - although together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration
Hydrologic concepts
Transpiration
- mP
lower
17. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Chaotic system
moisture
Condensation
Snowmelt
18. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
New moon
- mP
Speed of light
Rainfall
19. Forms over water and is associated with wet air
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Troposhere
Maritime air
Chemical sedimentary rocks
20. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Cirrus clouds
Nuclear fusion
Divergent plate movements
Chaotic system
21. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Gravity and inertia
46%
Erosion and land use
22. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Mineral color
Long linear arcs
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Hydrologic cycle
23. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Gravity and inertia
Strata
lower elevation
Chemical weathering
24. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Continental drift
Spring tide
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
25. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Continental air
Types of galaxies
Convergent tectonic plates
Full moon
26. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Transpiration
29.5
Longitude
Erosion and land use
27. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
Axis tilt
Stratus clouds
Planets
Sunspots
28. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
46%
Ice Age
Sedimentary rocks
The rock cycle
29. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Solar wind
Full moon
Strata
Latitude
30. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Groundwater
Long - period comets
The equator
5.6
31. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Soil
Rain shadow
Law of original horizontality
Precipitation
32. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
Law of original horizontality
Tectonic plates
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
freshwater springs
33. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Venus
Weathering
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Opposite seasons
34. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
Hydrologic concepts
Earth's crust
Altostratus clouds
Extrusive
35. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter
Rock salt
Colder
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Smaller regions of the oceans
36. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Geology
Tectonic plates
Seasons
Examples to support Continental drift theory
37. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Spring tide
Erosion and land use
The equator
Mechanical/physical weathering
38. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms
Cumulonibus clouds
Equinoxes
Convergent plate movements
Eclipses
39. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
Gravity and inertia
Mechanical/physical weathering
The Gulf - Stream
Sunspots
40. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Block mountains or fold mountains
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Equinoxes
Evapotranspiration
41. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune
Short - period comets
snow
5.6
Opposite seasons
42. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Intrusive
Planets
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Plate tectonics
43. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
Strata
Solar System
Precipitation
Crust
44. The science of the atmosphere and weather
larger planet
Meteorology
The big bang theory of cosmology
Estuary
45. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Why weather occurs
Comet
Law of superposition
Volcano
46. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Types of clouds
Earth
Major oceans
The big bang theory of cosmology
47. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th
El Nino
Valley breeze
jet stream
Solar System
48. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Standard time zones
jet stream
River
Axis tilt
49. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Smaller regions of the oceans
Evapotranspiration
Sublimation
Distance
50. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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