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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates
Mohs' scale of hardness
Mountain
Volcano
Condensation
2. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Subduction zones
Rain shadow
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Surface ocean temperature
3. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
lower
Continental drift
Mid - oceanic ridge
4. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
Block mountains or fold mountains
Neap tide/neaps
Deserts
Ice Age
5. One tidal cycle per day
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Diurnal
Canopy interception
Precipitation
6. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt
Small islands
- mP
Snow packs
Parallax
7. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
Subsurface flow
Valley breeze
Full moon
Evaporation
8. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
precipitation
Seasons
Long - period comets
Venus
9. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream
Tropical air
Crustal rocks
Air mass
River
10. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Chemical weathering
Lunar eclipse
Canopy interception
Why weather occurs
11. Some precipitation falls as ____ and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers - which can store water for thousands of years
Equinoxes
- mP
snow
Law of superposition
12. How much matter is in the object
Seasons
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Erosion
Density
13. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
California coast
The equator
- mP
Geology
14. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Crustal rocks
El Nino
freshwater
Erosion and land use
15. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Ways magma can form
freshwater
The equator
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
16. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Metamorphic rocks
Subduction zones
Snowmelt
Major oceans
17. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Minerals
Small islands
Sublimation
Fossils
18. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Erosion and land use
Conglomerates
Weathering
Estuary
19. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Snowmelt
Soil
Transpiration
aquifers
20. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Latitude
Tropical air
Stars
Tectonic plates
21. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Hydrologic concepts
Continental drift
Longitude
precipitation
22. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Precipitation
The earth's structure
Runoff
Plate tectonics
23. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Solar radiation
Subduction zones
Spring tide
Eclipses
24. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Tropical air
Sedimentary rocks
La Nina
Fossils
25. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Chaotic system
Types of clouds
Clastic
Erosion and land use
26. On maps - the characteristics of an air mass are represented by two letters: The lowercase letter represents ________ - and the uppercase letter represents temperature
Orogenic zones
moisture
Mantle plumes
Tropical air
27. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s
Continental drift
Erosion and land use
Volcano
Condensation
28. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Asteroids
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Moon
Canopy interception
29. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Limestone
Troposhere
Nuclear fusion
Types of galaxies
30. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil
Sedimentation
- mT
Evapotranspiration
Sun's gravity
31. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Sun
Solar System
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
32. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Long - period comets
Spring tide
Mantle
Types of galaxies
33. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Tides
- cP
Deserts
Divergent plate movements
34. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
lower
Clastic
Extrusive
Distance
35. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
Comet nuclei
Surface ocean temperature
29.5
Chemical sedimentary rocks
36. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
Geology
11
Neap tide/neaps
29.5
37. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Planets
Evapotranspiration
Gravity and inertia
- cP
38. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Hydrologic concepts
Tectonic plates
Surface temperature differences
Mineral color
39. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
The big bang theory of cosmology
Subsurface flow
- cT
snow
40. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
Asteroids
Galactic center
lower
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
41. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
jet stream
Earth's crust
Chemical weathering
Solar eclipse
42. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Transpiration
Fossils
Valley breeze
Sedimentation
43. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Stratus clouds
The rock cycle
Eclipses
Mohs' scale of hardness
44. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Chaotic system
Precipitation
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Planets
45. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Earth's crust
Erosion
The distinction between asteroids and comets
46. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
Fossils
Surface temperature differences
- mP
Sedimentation
47. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)
Geology
Major oceans
Semidiurnal
Solar wind
48. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault
Density
cooling
Transform plate movements
Tides
49. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
The rock cycle
Comet nuclei
10000
Styles of rock deformation
50. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes
Axis tilt
Pacific Ring of Fire
Convergent plate movements
Ice Age