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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Long linear arcs
Axis tilt
aquifers
Lunar eclipse
2. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Uniformitarianism
Comet
La Nina
groundwater discharge
3. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Long - period comets
clouds
Strata
Sun's gravity
4. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Tidal range
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Diurnal
5. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Mid - oceanic ridge
Seasons
Stratus clouds
Mohs' scale of hardness
6. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses
Mantle
Mountain
Rain shadow
Weight and mass
7. 186000 miles/second
jet stream
Venus
Distance
Speed of light
8. Center: 3000
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9. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Types of galaxies
Polar air
Subsurface flow
Moon
10. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Igneous rocks
Latitude
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Weathering
11. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Subduction zones
La Nina
Surface temperature differences
Semidiurnal
12. The tidal force produced by the sun is ____ as large as that produced by the moon
The earth's structure
Crustal rocks
46%
Styles of rock deformation
13. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
Galaxies
Runoff
46%
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
14. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Long linear arcs
Equinoxes
Block mountains or fold mountains
Scratch test
15. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
Snow packs
Divergent plate movements
The equator
Ice Age
16. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Nuclear fusion
Deserts
Crustal rocks
Semidiurnal
17. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
River
Stratus clouds
Moon
freshwater
18. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
- mT
The equator
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Coral reef
19. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s
Tectonic plates
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Continental drift
Venus
20. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________
Chaotic system
Galactic center
- cT
Lithosphere
21. Seas - gulfs - bays - and other names
Continental air
- cT
- mP
Smaller regions of the oceans
22. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
50-100
Daylight saving time zones
- mP
Differential heating
23. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Photosphere
Major oceans
Seasons
Rain shadow
24. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
Meteorology
Sun
- cP
Daylight saving time zones
25. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Major oceans
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Sunspots
Latitude
26. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
Coral reef
Strata
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Sedimentation
27. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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28. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
The rock cycle
Coral reef
Troposhere
lower elevation
29. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
Soil
- cP
The distinction between asteroids and comets
- mP
30. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Cirrus clouds
Erosion
Convergent plate movements
Hydrologic concepts
31. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Nuclear fusion
The geological time scale
Solar eclipse
Rocky planets and moons
32. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Venus
Tidal range
larger planet
Estuary
33. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Clastic
Types of galaxies
Convergent plate movements
34. Solar Atmosphere is divided into the inner chromosphere with explosive prominences and the outer corona - a glowing halo visible only during a total eclipse - Constantly emitting particles as a...
Long - period comets
Troposhere
River
Solar wind
35. The science of the atmosphere and weather
The geological time scale
Weather phenomena on earth
Meteorology
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
36. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
Mechanical/physical weathering
Solar eclipse
Rain shadow
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
37. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
The big bang theory of cosmology
Latitude
Climate
groundwater discharge
38. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Meteorology
Winter solstice
Ice Age
Chaotic system
39. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Seasons
Altostratus clouds
Inertia
Minerals
40. Paleontology: Fossil evidence indicates the similarity of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean - Continental 'jigsaw puzzle': The outlines of the continents seem to fit together
Mantle
Why weather occurs
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Asteroids
41. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
Law of original horizontality
larger planet
Subduction zones
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
42. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Erosion and land use
Petroleum exploration
Speed of light
Evapotranspiration
43. The Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by ___________ coming together
Convergent tectonic plates
50-100
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
44. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Tides
Solar System
Solar wind
45. Two high waters and two low waters each day - in most locations - tides are semidiurnal
El Nino
Solar radiation
Semidiurnal
Mid - oceanic ridge
46. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
percolation
Runoff
Small islands
Major oceans
47. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Groundwater
Cumulonibus clouds
precipitation
groundwater discharge
48. Temperature - pressure - and composition
Sunspots
Eclipses
Ways magma can form
Snow packs
49. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Climate
Polar air
Earth
50. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Eclipses
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Colder
Comet nuclei