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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition
Opposite seasons
Minerals
Distance
Planets
2. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents
Surface ocean currents
Meteorology
Mechanical/physical weathering
Groundwater
3. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Mechanical/physical weathering
Spring tide
Gravity and inertia
Semidiurnal
4. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere
Seasons
Troposhere
Deserts
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
5. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Semidiurnal
El Nino
Mantle
- mT
6. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Percolation
Plate tectonics
Comet
Surface temperature
7. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Smaller regions of the oceans
snow
Nuclear fusion
Lithosphere
8. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
Cumulonibus clouds
5.6
Ice Age
Small islands
9. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
Erosion and land use
Strata
Latitude
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
10. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Crust
Volcano
Runoff
Spring tide
11. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
Semidiurnal
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
The rock cycle
Rainfall
12. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Standard time zones
Scratch test
Photosphere
Mantle
13. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Longitude
Ice Age
Sublimation
The geological time scale
14. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
29.5
Venus
The earth's structure
Full moon
15. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
Mantle
Weathering
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
clouds
16. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...
Rock salt
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Mantle
Axis tilt
17. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
11
Law of original horizontality
Evapotranspiration
Solar eclipse
18. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Evapotranspiration
The Gulf - Stream
Altostratus clouds
Metamorphic rocks
19. Faulting and folding
Petroleum exploration
Surface temperature
Rain shadow
Styles of rock deformation
20. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter
Colder
Rock salt
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Condensation
21. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Sedimentary rocks
Long linear arcs
Distance
- mP
22. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)
Weight and mass
Mechanical/physical weathering
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Geology
23. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Long linear arcs
The big bang theory of cosmology
Full moon
Polar air
24. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Long linear arcs
Types of clouds
Density
Galaxies
25. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Sublimation
Law of original horizontality
Earth
Divergent plate movements
26. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
Longitude
The geological time scale
Daylight saving time zones
Stars
27. A major determiner of coastal climate
Transform plate movements
Surface ocean temperature
Tides
Sunspots
28. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
Estuary
El Nino
Crustal rocks
Law of original horizontality
29. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
Evaporation
Axis tilt
Nuclear fusion
Semidiurnal
30. Forms over water and is associated with wet air
Colder
Maritime air
The equator
Valley breeze
31. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes ________ - which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time
Crustal rocks
Gravity and inertia
aquifers
Mantle plumes
32. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
New moon
freshwater springs
El Nino
Deserts
33. Occur along plate boundaries
Types of clouds
Earth
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
jet stream
34. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart
Mid - oceanic ridge
Transpiration
Geology
Petroleum exploration
35. 186000 miles/second
3/4
Climate
Speed of light
Law of original horizontality
36. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Photosphere
Uniformitarianism
Limestone
Mechanical/physical weathering
37. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Earth
Surface ocean temperature
Mechanical/physical weathering
Conglomerates
38. The spectra of distant objects display a red shift - which is interpreted as meaning that they are rapidly receding from us - This apparent expansion of the universe has given rise to the big bang theory of cosmology - in which one primeval mass expl
The big bang theory of cosmology
Solar System
cooling
Styles of rock deformation
39. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
Clastic
Rainfall
Full moon
California coast
40. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Colder
Groundwater
Surface ocean temperature
41. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily through ___________
Solar radiation
Minerals
percolation
Planets
42. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil
Evapotranspiration
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Asteroids
5.6
43. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Percolation
Short - period comets
Canopy interception
Crustal rocks
44. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Strata
Earth's crust
Chaotic system
Erosion
45. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Stars
Tides
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Rock salt
46. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
Solar wind
29.5
Nuclear fusion
Erosion
47. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Earth
Tidal range
Axis tilt
48. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
precipitation
Snowmelt
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Chemical weathering
49. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune
Mantle
Short - period comets
Solar radiation
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
50. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
Convergent plate movements
Strata
Lithosphere
Mountain breezes and valley breezes