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CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures






2. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus






3. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy






4. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years






5. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods






6. The degrees north or south of the equator






7. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans






8. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment






9. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean






10. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)






11. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an






12. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul






13. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions






14. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...






15. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions






16. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually






17. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5






18. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started






19. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation






20. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red






21. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...






22. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres






23. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice






24. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)






25. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra






26. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms






27. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities






28. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging






29. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)






30. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault






31. Texture is important in classifying ______ sedimentary rocks






32. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...






33. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth






34. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip






35. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune






36. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity






37. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth






38. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s






39. Formed by sodium chloride






40. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer






41. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere






42. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift






43. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy






44. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements






45. How much matter is in the object






46. Center: 3000

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47. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation






48. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________






49. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle






50. This upslope wind is called a...