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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
moisture
Small islands
lower
Geology
2. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Parallax
Mantle
Sun
The big bang theory of cosmology
3. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Uniformitarianism
Percolation
Eclipses
Earth
4. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Estuary
Distance
Continental air
Conglomerates
5. Maritime tropical (wet - warm air)
Ways magma can form
- mT
Mechanical/physical weathering
freshwater
6. 186000 miles/second
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
29.5
Speed of light
Short - period comets
7. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
29.5
Altostratus clouds
Sedimentation
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
8. Tides may be...
Colder
Stratus clouds
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Clastic
9. The science of the atmosphere and weather
World/global ocean
La Nina
Tropical air
Meteorology
10. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Scratch test
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Why weather occurs
Deserts
11. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Crustal rocks
5.6
Small islands
Scratch test
12. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Colder
Full moon
Uniformitarianism
15
13. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Precipitation
Runoff
Divergent plate movements
Lithosphere
14. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
El Nino and La Nina
Subsurface flow
Igneous rocks
Moon
15. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Standard time zones
29.5
Weathering
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
16. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
17. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Examples to support Continental drift theory
The Gulf - Stream
Snowmelt
Chaotic system
18. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
Crustal rocks
Pacific Ring of Fire
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Condensation
19. Occur along plate boundaries
Crustal rocks
Galactic center
Tidal range
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
20. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
Daylight saving time zones
Sun
Percolation
Crust
21. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
precipitation
Parallax
Surface temperature
Crustal rocks
22. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Surface temperature differences
Divergent plate movements
Galaxies
23. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
The big bang theory of cosmology
freshwater springs
Valley breeze
Ice Age
24. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity
Erosion
Comet nuclei
Groundwater
Geology
25. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
moisture
Surface ocean currents
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
26. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
27. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
5.6
Gravity and inertia
Coral reef
Extrusive
28. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
Stars
Intrusive
groundwater discharge
Neap tide/neaps
29. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Cleavage
Earth
Subduction zones
Density
30. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
La Nina
Cumulonibus clouds
Surface temperature
Strata
31. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Equinoxes
Sublimation
Nuclear fusion
Climate
32. Temperature - pressure - and composition
Minerals
Ways magma can form
Scratch test
Seasons
33. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds
Sublimation
Law of superposition
Rocky planets and moons
El Nino
34. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Short - period comets
3/4
Climate
35. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
California coast
Photosphere
Longitude
Distance
36. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Galaxies
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Climate
Eclipses
37. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
Volcano
Surface ocean temperature
World/global ocean
Standard time zones
38. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists
Tectonic plates
Cleavage
Percolation
Fossils
39. A major determiner of coastal climate
Surface ocean temperature
Moon
Meteorology
Galactic center
40. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
The rock cycle
- cP
Lunar eclipse
Galactic center
41. Bbreaking along flat surfaces
Uniformitarianism
larger planet
moisture
Cleavage
42. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Inertia
World/global ocean
Weather phenomena on earth
Sun
43. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
lower elevation
Law of original horizontality
The Gulf - Stream
Andromeda galaxy
44. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents
Weather phenomena on earth
Cirrus clouds
Surface ocean currents
Tidal range
45. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
El Nino
lower
Density
Precipitation
46. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Sun
Uniformitarianism
Canopy interception
Sun's gravity
47. Air currents move clouds around the globe and cloud particles collide - grow - and fall out of the sky as ________ - Most of it falls back into the oceans or onto land - where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff - portion of run
lower
Nuclear fusion
Andromeda galaxy
precipitation
48. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
Convergent tectonic plates
Plate tectonics
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
California coast
49. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
Canopy interception
- mP
Deserts
Differential heating
50. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Tropical air
Opposite seasons
larger planet
Ice Age