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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Ways magma can form
Latitude
Eclipses
29.5
2. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...
Tropical air
Photosphere
percolation
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
3. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Scratch test
La Nina
Clastic
Volcano
4. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Clastic
Strata
Stratus clouds
Evapotranspiration
5. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream
Conglomerates
Chemical weathering
Orogenic zones
River
6. The result of the buildup of once - living things
California coast
Coral reef
Erosion and land use
11
7. Bbreaking along flat surfaces
Galaxies
Coral reef
moisture
Cleavage
8. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
9. Maritime tropical (wet - warm air)
California coast
Groundwater
- mT
lower
10. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
11
Evaporation
Evapotranspiration
5.6
11. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Stratus clouds
50-100
Equinoxes
Orogenic zones
12. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Canopy interception
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Tectonic plates
Examples to support Continental drift theory
13. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
Andromeda galaxy
jet stream
La Nina
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
14. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
15. The runoff produced by melting snow
Condensation
Snowmelt
Why weather occurs
Meteorology
16. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Differential heating
Weather phenomena on earth
Mid - oceanic ridge
Rainfall
17. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions
Hydrologic concepts
Lunar eclipse
freshwater
Long - period comets
18. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Smaller regions of the oceans
- cT
The rock cycle
Conglomerates
19. 1 hour of time
Mechanical/physical weathering
Short - period comets
Strata
15
20. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Cirrus clouds
Convergent plate movements
Hydrologic concepts
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
21. Piled in waves and indicate rain or snow
Mantle
Altostratus clouds
Extrusive
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
22. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
50-100
- mP
Metamorphic rocks
Rocky planets and moons
23. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Photosphere
- cP
Scratch test
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
24. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
Erosion and land use
Rainfall
Chaotic system
freshwater springs
25. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere
River
Valley breeze
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Cirrus clouds
26. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Smaller regions of the oceans
10000
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Rain shadow
27. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Crustal rocks
Intrusive
Sedimentation
California coast
28. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Earth
Daylight saving time zones
percolation
29. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Sunspots
jet stream
Differential heating
Seasons
30. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Uniformitarianism
Law of superposition
Comet nuclei
The geological time scale
31. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Rain shadow
Winter solstice
Percolation
Clastic
32. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
groundwater discharge
Percolation
Volcano
Transpiration
33. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
aquifers
Mohs' scale of hardness
Subsurface flow
Precipitation
34. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
La Nina
Subsurface flow
29.5
Solar wind
35. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Venus
Equinoxes
15
Stars
36. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Cleavage
15
Igneous rocks
Tides
37. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Long - period comets
Inertia
Winter solstice
Crustal rocks
38. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
cooling
El Nino
Sunspots
3/4
39. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
Petroleum exploration
5.6
Snowmelt
Mid - oceanic ridge
40. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Photosphere
Styles of rock deformation
Strata
Sublimation
41. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Groundwater
Surface ocean currents
- mT
Rainfall
42. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault
Strata
Continental air
Groundwater
Transform plate movements
43. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart
Full moon
Ways magma can form
Mid - oceanic ridge
Law of original horizontality
44. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
California coast
Solar System
Surface temperature
5.6
45. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Transform plate movements
Sunspots
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Estuary
46. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Surface ocean currents
Subduction zones
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Comet
47. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Neap tide/neaps
Divergent plate movements
River
Galactic center
48. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes ________ - which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time
Estuary
Gravity and inertia
aquifers
Small islands
49. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Law of superposition
Cirrus clouds
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Long linear arcs
50. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
Igneous rocks
Mountain
La Nina
Standard time zones