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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Long - period comets
Evaporation
Groundwater
Convergent plate movements
2. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
Colder
Mohs' scale of hardness
Extrusive
50-100
3. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
New moon
Deserts
freshwater springs
Ways magma can form
4. Water returns to the land surface at __________ than where it entered - under the force of gravity or gravity - induced pressures
lower elevation
Continental drift
Fossils
Subduction zones
5. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Continental drift
Erosion and land use
groundwater discharge
Tides
6. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Precipitation
Comet nuclei
Planets
7. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
15
- mT
Semidiurnal
Estuary
8. Two types of mountains are formed - depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces
Strata
Block mountains or fold mountains
Maritime air
46%
9. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Lithosphere
California coast
Why weather occurs
Estuary
10. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Lunar eclipse
Meteorology
Spring tide
Chemical sedimentary rocks
11. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
Earth's crust
Lunar eclipse
Scratch test
clouds
12. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Styles of rock deformation
larger planet
Weathering
Semidiurnal
13. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
Canopy interception
Differential heating
lower
Speed of light
14. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
The rock cycle
Law of original horizontality
Divergent plate movements
15. Formed by sodium chloride
cooling
Major oceans
Crust
Rock salt
16. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Longitude
Pacific Ring of Fire
Latitude
Axis tilt
17. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes
Volcano
The rock cycle
Crust
Air mass
18. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Sedimentation
The Gulf - Stream
Tectonic plates
Moon
19. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Erosion and land use
Solar radiation
Tectonic plates
Surface ocean currents
20. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
clouds
Meteorology
Time zone
World/global ocean
21. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists
Sun
Fossils
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
cooling
22. The degrees north or south of the equator
Latitude
Percolation
Crustal rocks
Comet
23. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Evapotranspiration
Divergent plate movements
Intrusive
cooling
24. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
Andromeda galaxy
Pacific Ring of Fire
Long linear arcs
The rock cycle
25. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Canopy interception
Continental air
Stratus clouds
26. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)
Law of superposition
Continental air
Time zone
Minerals
27. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
lower
Canopy interception
Comet
Transpiration
28. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
Mantle
Neap tide/neaps
Parallax
Mineral color
29. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates
Mountain
jet stream
Limestone
The most abundant minerals in the crust
30. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms
Cumulonibus clouds
The earth's structure
Air mass
50-100
31. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
The equator
El Nino and La Nina
groundwater discharge
Latitude
32. This upslope wind is called a...
Valley breeze
Intrusive
Conglomerates
precipitation
33. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
larger planet
La Nina
groundwater discharge
Transpiration
34. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
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35. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Long - period comets
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Conglomerates
The Gulf - Stream
36. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
New moon
snow
Tidal range
Chemical sedimentary rocks
37. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
Seasons
Condensation
percolation
Weight and mass
38. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Coral reef
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Uniformitarianism
Air mass
39. Solar Atmosphere is divided into the inner chromosphere with explosive prominences and the outer corona - a glowing halo visible only during a total eclipse - Constantly emitting particles as a...
Solar wind
Sublimation
The Gulf - Stream
Percolation
40. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Volcano
Styles of rock deformation
The earth's structure
Evapotranspiration
41. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
lower
Mineral color
La Nina
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
42. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Metamorphic rocks
Runoff
Weathering
Igneous rocks
43. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
Snowmelt
Seasons
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
moisture
44. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Stars
Latitude
45. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Runoff
Latitude
Surface ocean temperature
Continental air
46. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
The Gulf - Stream
Surface temperature differences
Rainfall
Canopy interception
47. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
Mantle plumes
Differential heating
Tides
Planets
48. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
Ice Age
Planets
Lunar eclipse
Mineral color
49. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Ice Age
Chaotic system
Troposhere
Sun
50. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean
Weather phenomena on earth
10000
Precipitation
Major oceans