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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Latitude
Scratch test
Cumulonibus clouds
New moon
2. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
Weathering
Weight and mass
Snowmelt
3/4
3. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
Rock salt
Why weather occurs
Weather phenomena on earth
50-100
4. Temperature - pressure - and composition
Cumulonibus clouds
Sun
Inertia
Ways magma can form
5. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Convergent tectonic plates
Meteorology
Altostratus clouds
Percolation
6. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Volcano
Longitude
Rocky planets and moons
- mT
7. Two high waters and two low waters each day - in most locations - tides are semidiurnal
Climate
Comet nuclei
Semidiurnal
Distance
8. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Evapotranspiration
Law of superposition
lower
Estuary
9. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
groundwater discharge
Limestone
Condensation
clouds
10. An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions associated with the plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean - In a 40000 km horseshoe shape - associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches - volcanic arcs - and volcanic
Pacific Ring of Fire
Rock salt
Time zone
Opposite seasons
11. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere
Sunspots
Diurnal
Limestone
Winter solstice
12. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Latitude
Crust
Galaxies
Why weather occurs
13. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Parallax
Law of original horizontality
Plate tectonics
Altostratus clouds
14. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Soil
Tides
snow
Types of galaxies
15. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Standard time zones
Mohs' scale of hardness
Coral reef
Metamorphic rocks
16. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Surface temperature
Nuclear fusion
Subsurface flow
17. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
Longitude
10000
World/global ocean
jet stream
18. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Mohs' scale of hardness
Full moon
Sublimation
Climate
19. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Stars
lower elevation
Sedimentation
Surface temperature differences
20. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity
freshwater
Erosion
aquifers
Meteorology
21. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Mohs' scale of hardness
Standard time zones
Smaller regions of the oceans
Galaxies
22. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides
Tidal range
Eclipses
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Cleavage
23. Seas - gulfs - bays - and other names
freshwater
Smaller regions of the oceans
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Types of galaxies
24. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Why weather occurs
Coral reef
Deserts
Runoff
25. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault
Axis tilt
Moon
Transform plate movements
Climate
26. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Conglomerates
Galactic center
Winter solstice
27. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Lunar eclipse
freshwater springs
Opposite seasons
The earth's structure
28. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
Tropical air
clouds
Nuclear fusion
La Nina
29. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
Equinoxes
Continental air
Planets
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
30. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Moon
Intrusive
Planets
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
31. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
Scratch test
clouds
Groundwater
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
32. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Weather phenomena on earth
River
Venus
El Nino and La Nina
33. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
Axis tilt
Solar radiation
Ice Age
10000
34. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Hydrologic cycle
Gravity and inertia
Rain shadow
Mantle
35. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Density
New moon
Mantle plumes
Snowmelt
36. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
freshwater
Rainfall
Equinoxes
Chemical sedimentary rocks
37. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Distance
Limestone
Longitude
Mechanical/physical weathering
38. Continental polar (dry - cold air)
clouds
- cP
Estuary
cooling
39. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
Coral reef
Crustal rocks
Sunspots
California coast
40. Faulting and folding
Diurnal
50-100
Styles of rock deformation
Venus
41. Formed by sodium chloride
Moon
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Rock salt
Earth
42. The runoff produced by melting snow
Snowmelt
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Stratus clouds
The rock cycle
43. Forms over water and is associated with wet air
groundwater discharge
Time zone
Maritime air
Mineral color
44. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Axis tilt
Polar air
Asteroids
Cleavage
45. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s
Evapotranspiration
Estuary
Polar air
Continental drift
46. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Rainfall
Valley breeze
Comet nuclei
Long linear arcs
47. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Mantle
- mP
Snowmelt
Evaporation
48. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Strata
Law of superposition
10000
Chaotic system
49. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels
cooling
Cleavage
Air mass
Long - period comets
50. A land form that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area - with a peak - Usually produced by the movement of lithospheric plates
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Mountain
Law of superposition
The equator