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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
freshwater springs
Deserts
Density
Surface ocean currents
2. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Parallax
Polar air
Ice Age
Types of clouds
3. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Nuclear fusion
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Soil
Convergent plate movements
4. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
The rock cycle
Earth
10000
Conglomerates
5. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Daylight saving time zones
Comet
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Meteorology
6. The degrees north or south of the equator
Gravity and inertia
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Latitude
Surface temperature
7. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Opposite seasons
Mohs' scale of hardness
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Comet nuclei
8. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Gravity and inertia
Cumulonibus clouds
Strata
Longitude
9. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean
Major oceans
Spring tide
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Mantle
10. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Deserts
Latitude
World/global ocean
Spring tide
11. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Inertia
Types of clouds
Sedimentary rocks
The Gulf - Stream
12. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Earth
Time zone
13. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Altostratus clouds
Mantle
Daylight saving time zones
Ways magma can form
14. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
The equator
Rocky planets and moons
El Nino
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
15. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions
Comet nuclei
Plate tectonics
Long - period comets
Moon
16. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
Solar wind
lower
The big bang theory of cosmology
50-100
17. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
El Nino and La Nina
Density
Snow packs
18. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Valley breeze
Mid - oceanic ridge
Opposite seasons
Hydrologic cycle
19. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
Canopy interception
Surface ocean temperature
Hydrologic concepts
Latitude
20. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Climate
Groundwater
Surface temperature
Hydrologic concepts
21. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Plate tectonics
Andromeda galaxy
Solar radiation
groundwater discharge
22. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Subsurface flow
Uniformitarianism
Spring tide
Transform plate movements
23. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
Extrusive
Evapotranspiration
Valley breeze
Crustal rocks
24. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
Plate tectonics
Minerals
Transpiration
- mP
25. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
lower
Earth
Limestone
Small islands
26. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
El Nino
Metamorphic rocks
Chemical weathering
The most abundant minerals in the crust
27. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
Speed of light
Evapotranspiration
Subsurface flow
Mineral color
28. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Tectonic plates
Sun
Transpiration
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
29. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Chaotic system
Solar wind
Sublimation
Erosion
30. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault
Altostratus clouds
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Transform plate movements
- cP
31. Texture is important in classifying ______ sedimentary rocks
Cirrus clouds
Parallax
Rocky planets and moons
Clastic
32. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Andromeda galaxy
Opposite seasons
Major oceans
Plate tectonics
33. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Moon
Maritime air
Planets
Types of galaxies
34. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Limestone
Block mountains or fold mountains
Longitude
35. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune
46%
Short - period comets
Condensation
Climate
36. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
precipitation
Subduction zones
larger planet
Parallax
37. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
cooling
Daylight saving time zones
Sedimentation
Intrusive
38. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s
Continental drift
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Density
Weathering
39. Formed by sodium chloride
Rock salt
The equator
Galactic center
- cP
40. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
Altostratus clouds
Mountain
The Gulf - Stream
The big bang theory of cosmology
41. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere
Photosphere
Erosion
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Smaller regions of the oceans
42. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift
Longitude
Neap tide/neaps
- cT
Orogenic zones
43. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Orogenic zones
freshwater
Igneous rocks
50-100
44. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Law of original horizontality
5.6
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
freshwater springs
45. How much matter is in the object
Weathering
Limestone
Density
Transform plate movements
46. Center: 3000
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47. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
Subduction zones
Lunar eclipse
Climate
freshwater springs
48. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
Limestone
jet stream
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Solar System
49. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
The big bang theory of cosmology
Density
Longitude
29.5
50. This upslope wind is called a...
The big bang theory of cosmology
Neap tide/neaps
Gravity and inertia
Valley breeze