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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
Volcano
Divergent plate movements
Gravity and inertia
Extrusive
2. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
moisture
Differential heating
Divergent plate movements
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
3. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Intrusive
Andromeda galaxy
Sun
Eclipses
4. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Subsurface flow
Semidiurnal
Mantle
Mineral color
5. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
Maritime air
Surface ocean currents
Cirrus clouds
Condensation
6. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
3/4
Density
Metamorphic rocks
Daylight saving time zones
7. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes
Cirrus clouds
Why weather occurs
Convergent plate movements
Pacific Ring of Fire
8. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Short - period comets
Tides
Petroleum exploration
Weight and mass
9. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
Photosphere
Density
Subsurface flow
- mP
10. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Axis tilt
Sedimentation
Chemical weathering
Types of galaxies
11. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Ways magma can form
Air mass
The Gulf - Stream
12. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
lower
cooling
11
Density
13. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Speed of light
freshwater
Groundwater
Weight and mass
14. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
Surface ocean temperature
Groundwater
Colder
Lunar eclipse
15. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere
Comet nuclei
50-100
Sunspots
Volcano
16. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Types of galaxies
Standard time zones
Weight and mass
jet stream
17. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
Tidal range
Longitude
aquifers
lower
18. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
The most abundant minerals in the crust
3/4
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Transpiration
19. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
5.6
Petroleum exploration
Inertia
percolation
20. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
Colder
Mechanical/physical weathering
Surface ocean temperature
Condensation
21. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
Block mountains or fold mountains
jet stream
Condensation
El Nino and La Nina
22. Bbreaking along flat surfaces
clouds
freshwater springs
Parallax
Cleavage
23. Texture is important in classifying ______ sedimentary rocks
Chemical weathering
Long - period comets
Hydrologic concepts
Clastic
24. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
The earth's structure
Hydrologic concepts
clouds
Chaotic system
25. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault
Transform plate movements
Asteroids
Small islands
Opposite seasons
26. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
Mineral color
Short - period comets
The geological time scale
The distinction between asteroids and comets
27. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
moisture
46%
World/global ocean
Ice Age
28. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Snow packs
Longitude
New moon
Crustal rocks
29. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Runoff
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
- cP
Hydrologic concepts
30. Featherlike clouds that indicate fair weather
percolation
Cirrus clouds
Convergent tectonic plates
precipitation
31. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Mantle
Polar air
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Chemical sedimentary rocks
32. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Coral reef
Long linear arcs
Lithosphere
Convergent plate movements
33. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Evaporation
clouds
Winter solstice
Parallax
34. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Continental drift
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Types of clouds
Evaporation
35. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Eclipses
Continental air
Types of galaxies
Weather phenomena on earth
36. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
freshwater springs
Galaxies
3/4
Photosphere
37. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Runoff
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
- mP
Weathering
38. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition
Minerals
29.5
Cumulonibus clouds
jet stream
39. The tidal force produced by the sun is ____ as large as that produced by the moon
moisture
Small islands
46%
Law of original horizontality
40. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels
Equinoxes
Air mass
Crustal rocks
Types of galaxies
41. Forms over water and is associated with wet air
Maritime air
Tides
Condensation
The equator
42. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s
freshwater
Law of original horizontality
Continental drift
Axis tilt
43. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
Climate
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Seasons
California coast
44. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th
El Nino
Long - period comets
Minerals
Why weather occurs
45. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Altostratus clouds
Solar System
Uniformitarianism
Surface temperature
46. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Galactic center
freshwater
Latitude
Small islands
47. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Deserts
Tropical air
The geological time scale
Hydrologic cycle
48. Center: 3000
49. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Rock salt
Asteroids
10000
Earth
50. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Volcano
Solar System
Galaxies
Cleavage