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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Long - period comets
Sedimentary rocks
Plate tectonics
Igneous rocks
2. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Crustal rocks
Convergent tectonic plates
Polar air
Andromeda galaxy
3. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes
California coast
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Rock salt
Crust
4. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean
Major oceans
Plate tectonics
Evapotranspiration
Minerals
5. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Maritime air
Speed of light
The geological time scale
New moon
6. The science of the atmosphere and weather
Meteorology
Groundwater
46%
Solar wind
7. Water returns to the land surface at __________ than where it entered - under the force of gravity or gravity - induced pressures
Distance
freshwater springs
lower elevation
Snow packs
8. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
Continental air
Deserts
Surface ocean currents
Galactic center
9. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Geology
Full moon
Asteroids
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
10. Two high waters and two low waters each day - in most locations - tides are semidiurnal
Evaporation
Eclipses
Semidiurnal
The distinction between asteroids and comets
11. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
Erosion and land use
Canopy interception
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
12. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th
Seasons
El Nino
California coast
Surface temperature differences
13. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
Sedimentation
Lithosphere
Groundwater
50-100
14. Continental tropical (dry - warm air)
- cT
Standard time zones
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Canopy interception
15. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
groundwater discharge
Volcano
Small islands
Rain shadow
16. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Lunar eclipse
Meteorology
Latitude
Rain shadow
17. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Axis tilt
Nuclear fusion
Rain shadow
- mP
18. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
50-100
precipitation
The Gulf - Stream
Climate
19. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Tectonic plates
Comet nuclei
The earth's structure
Sedimentation
20. Maritime tropical (wet - warm air)
Surface temperature
Convergent plate movements
- mT
Photosphere
21. Forms over water and is associated with wet air
Maritime air
precipitation
percolation
Tectonic plates
22. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Polar air
Clastic
50-100
Rocky planets and moons
23. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Convergent tectonic plates
Semidiurnal
Equinoxes
Metamorphic rocks
24. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Major oceans
Estuary
Transform plate movements
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
25. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Mid - oceanic ridge
Extrusive
Winter solstice
Daylight saving time zones
26. Formed by sodium chloride
Rock salt
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Extrusive
27. Center: 3000
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28. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
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29. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Inertia
Time zone
Troposhere
Standard time zones
30. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
Crustal rocks
Surface ocean currents
El Nino and La Nina
freshwater springs
31. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Parallax
- cP
Nuclear fusion
Subduction zones
32. One tidal cycle per day
Sublimation
Hydrologic concepts
Diurnal
precipitation
33. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter
Subsurface flow
Colder
Soil
Volcano
34. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Latitude
Hydrologic cycle
29.5
Moon
35. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Time zone
Intrusive
- mP
Types of galaxies
36. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s
Chaotic system
Earth's crust
Continental drift
Density
37. Faulting and folding
10000
Styles of rock deformation
Smaller regions of the oceans
Condensation
38. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
El Nino and La Nina
Uniformitarianism
percolation
39. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift
Orogenic zones
10000
Galaxies
Erosion
40. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Why weather occurs
Sublimation
Conglomerates
Solar radiation
41. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses
Groundwater
Axis tilt
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Weight and mass
42. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
Solar eclipse
Climate
Maritime air
Sublimation
43. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Subsurface flow
Pacific Ring of Fire
Subduction zones
freshwater
44. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
larger planet
Long - period comets
Semidiurnal or diurnal
45. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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46. On maps - the characteristics of an air mass are represented by two letters: The lowercase letter represents ________ - and the uppercase letter represents temperature
Extrusive
moisture
Convergent tectonic plates
Law of original horizontality
47. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Law of original horizontality
Erosion and land use
percolation
Cleavage
48. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Density
Evaporation
Percolation
Mineral color
49. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds
freshwater
Mohs' scale of hardness
Runoff
Law of superposition
50. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
Convergent tectonic plates
Distance
clouds
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries