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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Surface temperature
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Axis tilt
Polar air
2. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Sedimentary rocks
Scratch test
snow
Longitude
3. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Erosion and land use
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Styles of rock deformation
4. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Volcano
groundwater discharge
aquifers
The geological time scale
5. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
Chemical weathering
Differential heating
Opposite seasons
Igneous rocks
6. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Surface ocean temperature
Time zone
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Full moon
7. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
Continental air
Speed of light
cooling
Weathering
8. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Limestone
Parallax
Asteroids
Snow packs
9. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Major oceans
Limestone
Chaotic system
Subduction zones
10. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Short - period comets
Subduction zones
Hydrologic concepts
Inertia
11. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Solar radiation
World/global ocean
Metamorphic rocks
12. 186000 miles/second
Nuclear fusion
50-100
Groundwater
Speed of light
13. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Parallax
Solar wind
Conglomerates
Divergent plate movements
14. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Groundwater
Opposite seasons
3/4
Minerals
15. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Erosion and land use
Runoff
Stars
Continental air
16. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
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17. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Seasons
Earth
snow
Stratus clouds
18. One tidal cycle per day
Sun
3/4
Mid - oceanic ridge
Diurnal
19. Volcanoes can be caused by '____________'; these so - called hotspots - as in Hawaii - can occur far from plate boundaries
Snowmelt
Mantle plumes
lower
Asteroids
20. The spectra of distant objects display a red shift - which is interpreted as meaning that they are rapidly receding from us - This apparent expansion of the universe has given rise to the big bang theory of cosmology - in which one primeval mass expl
The big bang theory of cosmology
The earth's structure
Surface ocean temperature
Groundwater
21. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
50-100
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Mantle
lower
22. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Law of original horizontality
Air mass
New moon
Spring tide
23. Featherlike clouds that indicate fair weather
Limestone
Asteroids
Cirrus clouds
The earth's structure
24. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Long linear arcs
Convergent plate movements
freshwater
Standard time zones
25. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)
lower elevation
Percolation
Sun
Geology
26. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
Minerals
5.6
aquifers
larger planet
27. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels
Opposite seasons
Air mass
The rock cycle
10000
28. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...
Mantle plumes
- mP
Andromeda galaxy
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
29. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
Convergent plate movements
lower
Groundwater
freshwater springs
30. Texture is important in classifying ______ sedimentary rocks
- mT
Lunar eclipse
Clastic
Percolation
31. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
- cP
Weather phenomena on earth
Sun
Distance
32. Forms over water and is associated with wet air
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Galaxies
Solar System
Maritime air
33. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
Crust
The geological time scale
Longitude
La Nina
34. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Subsurface flow
Colder
Rain shadow
Sedimentary rocks
35. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
Mineral color
Geology
Eclipses
Meteorology
36. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Opposite seasons
Hydrologic cycle
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Volcano
37. Occur along plate boundaries
Mountain
Styles of rock deformation
percolation
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
38. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Earth
Why weather occurs
Troposhere
Latitude
39. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
precipitation
Igneous rocks
Crust
Sublimation
40. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault
Volcano
Groundwater
Gravity and inertia
Transform plate movements
41. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Minerals
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Erosion and land use
Divergent plate movements
42. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Crust
Geology
Photosphere
Volcano
43. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Rocky planets and moons
Erosion
29.5
Semidiurnal or diurnal
44. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Snowmelt
Continental drift
Seasons
Smaller regions of the oceans
45. Temperature - pressure - and composition
Mechanical/physical weathering
Ways magma can form
Surface temperature differences
Condensation
46. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Tropical air
Altostratus clouds
Tectonic plates
10000
47. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
Planets
Extrusive
3/4
Valley breeze
48. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
Full moon
Pacific Ring of Fire
Petroleum exploration
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
49. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
freshwater springs
Mantle plumes
El Nino and La Nina
Inertia
50. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily through ___________
Sedimentation
Solar radiation
Sunspots
Troposhere