Test your basic knowledge |

CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres






2. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted






3. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater






4. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler

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5. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment






6. The tidal force produced by the sun is ____ as large as that produced by the moon






7. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the






8. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault






9. Faulting and folding






10. Some precipitation falls as ____ and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers - which can store water for thousands of years






11. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...






12. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)






13. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes






14. 186000 miles/second






15. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog






16. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away






17. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s






18. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans






19. Bbreaking along flat surfaces






20. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate






21. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom






22. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...






23. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift






24. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight






25. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them






26. The result of the buildup of once - living things






27. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice






28. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures






29. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history






30. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides






31. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow






32. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red






33. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes






34. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time






35. Forms over water and is associated with wet air






36. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water






37. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet






38. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years






39. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions






40. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure






41. Air currents move clouds around the globe and cloud particles collide - grow - and fall out of the sky as ________ - Most of it falls back into the oceans or onto land - where the precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff - portion of run






42. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...






43. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart






44. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across






45. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents






46. Featherlike clouds that indicate fair weather






47. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density






48. Pulls the planets toward the sun - while their inertia keeps them moving forward in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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49. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away






50. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit