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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Types of clouds
Neap tide/neaps
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Solar eclipse
2. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
The Gulf - Stream
5.6
Surface ocean currents
Rock salt
3. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
Galaxies
Ice Age
Longitude
Cirrus clouds
4. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Minerals
Evapotranspiration
Axis tilt
Meteorology
5. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Types of galaxies
Andromeda galaxy
Equinoxes
Soil
6. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
5.6
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Continental drift
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
7. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Metamorphic rocks
freshwater springs
Photosphere
Venus
8. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Groundwater
11
Time zone
Mantle
9. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
- cT
Continental drift
Uniformitarianism
50-100
10. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt
percolation
Snow packs
Speed of light
snow
11. The Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by ___________ coming together
Convergent tectonic plates
Orogenic zones
Tropical air
Chemical sedimentary rocks
12. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
Block mountains or fold mountains
Neap tide/neaps
larger planet
Geology
13. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Troposhere
Tides
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
Andromeda galaxy
14. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Comet nuclei
Valley breeze
Major oceans
Block mountains or fold mountains
15. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Smaller regions of the oceans
Law of original horizontality
Moon
Igneous rocks
16. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Continental air
Gravity and inertia
The Gulf - Stream
Orogenic zones
17. 186000 miles/second
Speed of light
snow
Density
Nuclear fusion
18. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Equinoxes
Tectonic plates
Solar wind
Rainfall
19. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
Weathering
Estuary
Mineral color
clouds
20. The degrees north or south of the equator
Crustal rocks
Latitude
jet stream
Photosphere
21. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists
Time zone
Fossils
Gravity and inertia
15
22. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
Lunar eclipse
Mantle plumes
The big bang theory of cosmology
11
23. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Sun
Conglomerates
Asteroids
Distance
24. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Extrusive
15
Asteroids
Standard time zones
25. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Photosphere
Solar wind
Types of clouds
Inertia
26. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Climate
Subduction zones
Mineral color
Stars
27. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
Types of galaxies
- mP
Andromeda galaxy
River
28. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
clouds
Groundwater
Extrusive
Polar air
29. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Continental drift
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
River
Parallax
30. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Stratus clouds
3/4
Solar radiation
31. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions
Convergent plate movements
Troposhere
Long - period comets
Clastic
32. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
Colder
Chaotic system
Solar wind
Nuclear fusion
33. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Lithosphere
The geological time scale
Petroleum exploration
Photosphere
34. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
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35. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses
Differential heating
Weather phenomena on earth
Weight and mass
Lithosphere
36. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil
Solar eclipse
Neap tide/neaps
Evapotranspiration
Weather phenomena on earth
37. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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38. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
Nuclear fusion
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Tides
Law of superposition
39. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Latitude
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Mantle plumes
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
40. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
snow
Deserts
groundwater discharge
Orogenic zones
41. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Minerals
Subsurface flow
Photosphere
The distinction between asteroids and comets
42. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Uniformitarianism
Weather phenomena on earth
Intrusive
Inertia
43. A major determiner of coastal climate
lower
Moon
50-100
Surface ocean temperature
44. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Mantle plumes
Rainfall
Plate tectonics
45. Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form...
Erosion
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Mechanical/physical weathering
Tidal range
46. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Asteroids
Density
Runoff
Tropical air
47. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...
freshwater springs
Pacific Ring of Fire
Valley breeze
Crust
48. Center: 3000
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49. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Continental air
Lithosphere
Hydrologic cycle
Erosion and land use
50. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
cooling
precipitation
Neap tide/neaps
Mohs' scale of hardness