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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
Distance
Stratus clouds
Surface temperature
50-100
2. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere
- cT
Conglomerates
Pacific Ring of Fire
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
3. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Andromeda galaxy
Maritime air
Block mountains or fold mountains
Types of clouds
4. Classified as warm - water or cold - water currents
Minerals
Surface ocean currents
Law of superposition
Long - period comets
5. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Sedimentation
Inertia
Comet
Block mountains or fold mountains
6. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Convergent tectonic plates
Tides
El Nino and La Nina
Rocky planets and moons
7. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms
Rocky planets and moons
Cumulonibus clouds
Distance
Meteorology
8. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
El Nino and La Nina
Transpiration
Time zone
9. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
Photosphere
River
Eclipses
Canopy interception
10. Formed by sodium chloride
Rock salt
Mineral color
Pacific Ring of Fire
jet stream
11. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Mantle
Precipitation
Limestone
Estuary
12. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
Comet
Longitude
Sedimentation
California coast
13. Occur along plate boundaries
Polar air
Mohs' scale of hardness
Cumulonibus clouds
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
14. The spectra of distant objects display a red shift - which is interpreted as meaning that they are rapidly receding from us - This apparent expansion of the universe has given rise to the big bang theory of cosmology - in which one primeval mass expl
California coast
Orogenic zones
Meteorology
The big bang theory of cosmology
15. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
Altostratus clouds
Small islands
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Solar eclipse
16. The process of chemical or physical breakdown of earth rocks - soils - and their minerals
Weathering
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
- cP
Maritime air
17. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
Transpiration
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Groundwater
Asteroids
18. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
Long linear arcs
Mineral color
Mid - oceanic ridge
Chaotic system
19. The result of the buildup of once - living things
Weathering
10000
Volcano
Coral reef
20. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Subsurface flow
- mT
Inertia
Sunspots
21. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
- cT
Sublimation
Rain shadow
Plate tectonics
22. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Igneous rocks
Climate
Stratus clouds
Mechanical/physical weathering
23. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Comet
freshwater springs
Mountain
Neap tide/neaps
24. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Daylight saving time zones
Venus
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Extrusive
25. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
aquifers
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
The geological time scale
Lithosphere
26. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
Major oceans
Clastic
Conglomerates
The equator
27. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
Transpiration
Opposite seasons
The distinction between asteroids and comets
groundwater discharge
28. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
Groundwater
Lunar eclipse
moisture
Styles of rock deformation
29. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
Longitude
Troposhere
- cP
California coast
30. The science of the atmosphere and weather
Density
Meteorology
Soil
Subsurface flow
31. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Styles of rock deformation
groundwater discharge
Runoff
The big bang theory of cosmology
32. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
snow
Asteroids
Venus
Petroleum exploration
33. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
Solar System
clouds
Styles of rock deformation
Spring tide
34. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the same area - Atlanta tropical cyclone activity is generally enhanced during La Nina - Often follows the El Nino - especially when the latter is strong
La Nina
Cleavage
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Mantle
35. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt
Snow packs
aquifers
clouds
Evaporation
36. Center: 3000
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37. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Mid - oceanic ridge
Divergent plate movements
River
The most abundant minerals in the crust
38. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Axis tilt
Divergent plate movements
Andromeda galaxy
Mechanical/physical weathering
39. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Crust
Valley breeze
New moon
Plate tectonics
40. Piled in waves and indicate rain or snow
Conglomerates
Altostratus clouds
lower
aquifers
41. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Semidiurnal
Air mass
The most abundant minerals in the crust
freshwater
42. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Uniformitarianism
Solar System
Valley breeze
43. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
Extrusive
freshwater springs
Mid - oceanic ridge
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
44. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Seasons
Law of superposition
Winter solstice
The Gulf - Stream
45. Divided into two main types: large - low- density gas giants and smaller - rocky terrestrials - There are at least 341 identified _______ - 8 of which are in the Solar System
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Planets
Deserts
Valley breeze
46. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Equinoxes
Clastic
Diurnal
The geological time scale
47. Featherlike clouds that indicate fair weather
Cirrus clouds
aquifers
Sun's gravity
Stratus clouds
48. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Percolation
Subduction zones
percolation
Sun
49. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
The Gulf - Stream
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Extrusive
Erosion and land use
50. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Comet nuclei
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Small islands
Cleavage
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