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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Semidiurnal
Hydrologic cycle
Subsurface flow
2. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
Chemical weathering
cooling
Galactic center
Petroleum exploration
3. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Divergent plate movements
Mantle
Evaporation
Examples to support Continental drift theory
4. Smooth layers of low clouds that indicate a chance of drizzle or snow
Stratus clouds
11
Full moon
Altostratus clouds
5. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil
Evapotranspiration
Rock salt
Andromeda galaxy
Opposite seasons
6. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Uniformitarianism
5.6
Orogenic zones
Sedimentary rocks
7. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition
Pacific Ring of Fire
Planets
Styles of rock deformation
Minerals
8. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
The Gulf - Stream
California coast
snow
Time zone
9. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
California coast
Galaxies
Asteroids
Types of clouds
10. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter
Percolation
Colder
Extrusive
Density
11. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...
California coast
Extrusive
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Plate tectonics
12. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Density
precipitation
Tectonic plates
Erosion
13. The spectra of distant objects display a red shift - which is interpreted as meaning that they are rapidly receding from us - This apparent expansion of the universe has given rise to the big bang theory of cosmology - in which one primeval mass expl
Tides
The big bang theory of cosmology
- mT
Crustal rocks
14. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Canopy interception
Types of galaxies
Full moon
Small islands
15. Continental tropical (dry - warm air)
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Surface temperature differences
- cT
Surface temperature
16. Affected by factors such as weathering and impurities
Mineral color
15
Crust
Sedimentation
17. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed
Metamorphic rocks
Maritime air
The geological time scale
Chaotic system
18. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
Law of original horizontality
Weathering
Lunar eclipse
Surface temperature
19. A region of the earth that has uniform standard time - usually referred to as the local time - divided into standard and daylight saving (or summer)
29.5
Types of galaxies
Solar eclipse
Time zone
20. Temperature - pressure - and composition
10000
Ways magma can form
Cirrus clouds
Air mass
21. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart
46%
groundwater discharge
Mid - oceanic ridge
Solar radiation
22. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti
Fossils
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Soil
freshwater
23. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Cleavage
Sun
Standard time zones
24. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmopshere where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into ____
jet stream
Weather phenomena on earth
clouds
Polar air
25. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Nuclear fusion
larger planet
Tropical air
Mountain
26. Faulting and folding
Long - period comets
Troposhere
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Styles of rock deformation
27. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
Air mass
Precipitation
Longitude
jet stream
28. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
Latitude
Asteroids
Longitude
Tidal range
29. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Soil
groundwater discharge
Plate tectonics
30. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Clastic
Venus
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Metamorphic rocks
31. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Limestone
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Cumulonibus clouds
Longitude
32. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Evaporation
5.6
Sun's gravity
33. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
Cleavage
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
larger planet
Metamorphic rocks
34. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Equinoxes
Sedimentary rocks
Ice Age
Strata
35. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
River
Lithosphere
Full moon
Speed of light
36. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
3/4
Clastic
freshwater
Major oceans
37. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels
Subduction zones
Tectonic plates
Air mass
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
38. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
Density
Earth's crust
Snowmelt
Solar System
39. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
Mechanical/physical weathering
Continental drift
Cleavage
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
40. How much matter is in the object
Conglomerates
Longitude
Surface temperature differences
Density
41. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes ________ - which store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time
Surface temperature
El Nino
Venus
aquifers
42. Seas - gulfs - bays - and other names
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Smaller regions of the oceans
Transform plate movements
Sedimentary rocks
43. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists
The earth's structure
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Fossils
Pacific Ring of Fire
44. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Tides
Subduction zones
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Inertia
45. Piled in waves and indicate rain or snow
Altostratus clouds
Standard time zones
Rocky planets and moons
Latitude
46. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Strata
percolation
Volcano
New moon
47. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Time zone
29.5
freshwater
Coral reef
48. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Rain shadow
Opposite seasons
Surface temperature differences
Comet
49. The result of the buildup of once - living things
Evapotranspiration
Valley breeze
Mineral color
Coral reef
50. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Surface temperature differences
jet stream
groundwater discharge
Moon
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