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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
World/global ocean
Petroleum exploration
Metamorphic rocks
larger planet
2. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Nuclear fusion
Longitude
Opposite seasons
3. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Sun's gravity
Neap tide/neaps
Comet nuclei
Transform plate movements
4. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Chemical weathering
Law of original horizontality
Parallax
Stars
5. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Earth's crust
Volcano
29.5
Sun
6. The result of the buildup of once - living things
Law of original horizontality
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Coral reef
La Nina
7. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
3/4
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
11
The most abundant minerals in the crust
8. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog
Inertia
Surface ocean currents
Condensation
El Nino and La Nina
9. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Sun
Stars
groundwater discharge
Weight and mass
10. Darkens the moon as the earth passes between it and the sun - casting a shadow on the moon - may be seen from anywhere the moon is visible - about half of the earth
Standard time zones
Andromeda galaxy
Long linear arcs
Lunar eclipse
11. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Eclipses
Galactic center
Sunspots
Tropical air
12. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
Time zone
Strata
Crustal rocks
Axis tilt
13. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Hydrologic concepts
California coast
Types of clouds
Surface ocean currents
14. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Hydrologic concepts
Uniformitarianism
Transform plate movements
15. Large - scale movements of the earth's lithosphere - - The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift (first half of 20th century) and seafloor spreading (1960s)
Speed of light
Plate tectonics
Spring tide
Inertia
16. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
El Nino
World/global ocean
Percolation
Lithosphere
17. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
Parallax
Chemical weathering
lower elevation
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
18. The runoff produced by melting snow
15
Snowmelt
Nuclear fusion
Surface temperature differences
19. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Galactic center
Weather phenomena on earth
Sedimentary rocks
Equinoxes
20. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
Minerals
Evaporation
Spring tide
Law of superposition
21. Result from the earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane - NOT the result of the variation in the earth's distance to the sun (Because of its elliptical orbit - the earth as a whole is slightly warmer when away from the sun; this is because the
Seasons
Surface temperature
Sublimation
Extrusive
22. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Metamorphic rocks
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Sedimentation
Earth's crust
23. Form when magma or lava cools and solidifies - Depending on the rate of cooling - can contain visible crystals - while others can appear glassy
Types of clouds
Weather phenomena on earth
Igneous rocks
Tectonic plates
24. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity
larger planet
Mid - oceanic ridge
Percolation
11
25. How much matter is in the object
Solar radiation
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Geology
Density
26. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
Climate
Valley breeze
California coast
Groundwater
27. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses
Longitude
aquifers
Why weather occurs
Weight and mass
28. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Cumulonibus clouds
Lunar eclipse
Smaller regions of the oceans
Lithosphere
29. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Why weather occurs
Weight and mass
Snow packs
Petroleum exploration
30. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Stratus clouds
Sublimation
Snow packs
The equator
31. The degrees north or south of the equator
Latitude
Density
Small islands
Lithosphere
32. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Troposhere
Small islands
Plate tectonics
Ways magma can form
33. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
Speed of light
Igneous rocks
jet stream
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
34. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Solar System
Rainfall
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Tropical air
35. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
Stars
Distance
Venus
Neap tide/neaps
36. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily through ___________
Solar radiation
Crustal rocks
Cirrus clouds
Hydrologic cycle
37. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
Tides
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Surface temperature differences
jet stream
38. Human civilization has lasted only _____ years
Sunspots
Colder
10000
Cleavage
39. Tides may be...
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Comet nuclei
Precipitation
11
40. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
cooling
Tidal range
Groundwater
The distinction between asteroids and comets
41. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Mantle plumes
Erosion and land use
Tectonic plates
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
42. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)
Sun
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Geology
Surface ocean temperature
43. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
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44. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
Spring tide
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Differential heating
Semidiurnal
45. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Limestone
Mountain
Sedimentation
Polar air
46. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Sedimentation
Crustal rocks
Comet
- mP
47. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
Solar eclipse
Coral reef
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Seasons
48. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Surface temperature differences
Earth's crust
Short - period comets
Intrusive
49. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Major oceans
Photosphere
Petroleum exploration
50. At any given time - regardless of season - the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience...
Comet nuclei
Rain shadow
Opposite seasons
freshwater