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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
moisture
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Galactic center
The Gulf - Stream
2. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses
Estuary
Full moon
Weight and mass
Igneous rocks
3. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater
Percolation
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Sublimation
Rock salt
4. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Strata
Surface temperature differences
Tides
Pacific Ring of Fire
5. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Sedimentation
El Nino and La Nina
New moon
Earth
6. The science that describes and interprets the earth Fields: - Geomorphology (land forms) - Petrology (rocks) - Stratigraphy (layered rocks) - Paleontology (fossils)
Weight and mass
Continental air
Cleavage
Geology
7. Natural chemical compounds that are the crystals that make up rocks - Each has a specific composition or narrow range of composition
Diurnal
Igneous rocks
Tidal range
Minerals
8. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
groundwater discharge
Types of clouds
Types of galaxies
Rock salt
9. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
Erosion and land use
Percolation
lower
Parallax
10. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
jet stream
Evaporation
Long linear arcs
The Gulf - Stream
11. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes
Surface temperature differences
Crust
Comet nuclei
Mineral color
12. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Orogenic zones
Longitude
Scratch test
Divergent plate movements
13. Center: 3000
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14. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Chemical weathering
New moon
Latitude
Stars
15. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
Transform plate movements
Continental air
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Valley breeze
16. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Runoff
Longitude
Photosphere
Subsurface flow
17. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Weight and mass
Deserts
Eclipses
Seasons
18. Volcanoes can be caused by '____________'; these so - called hotspots - as in Hawaii - can occur far from plate boundaries
The equator
Soil
Air mass
Mantle plumes
19. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
Inertia
Soil
Law of original horizontality
groundwater discharge
20. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
Tidal range
Snowmelt
Deserts
Canopy interception
21. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
Solar System
Cumulonibus clouds
5.6
Semidiurnal or diurnal
22. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names
Estuary
Law of original horizontality
50-100
Mountain
23. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Seasons
Valley breeze
Stars
Surface temperature
24. Travels in an orbit that is slightly elliptical (oval) - and so the distance from the sun ranges from 91.5 to 94.5 million miles - Its daily rotation deforms the earth to a flattened spheroid - with a polar radius slightly less than the equatorial ra
Transpiration
Coral reef
Diurnal
Earth
25. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
World/global ocean
Rocky planets and moons
3/4
Earth
26. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
Mid - oceanic ridge
Diurnal
Snow packs
Sun
27. Loose collections of ice - dust - and small rocky particles - measuring a few kilometers or tens of kilometers across
Comet nuclei
Erosion
La Nina
- mP
28. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
freshwater springs
Winter solstice
- cP
Erosion and land use
29. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Sedimentary rocks
Mohs' scale of hardness
Standard time zones
30. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Climate
Axis tilt
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Groundwater
31. When the moon is at first quarter or third quarter - the sun - earth and moon form a 90- degree (right) angle with the earth at the vertex - The combined effect of this alignment of the sun - earth - and moon results in tidal ranges on the earth - Wh
3/4
Neap tide/neaps
Mid - oceanic ridge
Transpiration
32. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune
Strata
Short - period comets
Surface ocean temperature
Hydrologic cycle
33. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
Rainfall
Subduction zones
The geological time scale
11
34. The state change where a solid (ice or snow) changes directly to a gas (water vapor)
Sublimation
Law of superposition
Stratus clouds
Clastic
35. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
The big bang theory of cosmology
The rock cycle
Tropical air
Lithosphere
36. The degrees north or south of the equator
The most abundant minerals in the crust
5.6
Latitude
Sedimentary rocks
37. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes
Subduction zones
Soil
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Stratus clouds
38. Continental polar (dry - cold air)
Tidal range
Weathering
Convergent tectonic plates
- cP
39. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Hydrologic cycle
Sublimation
Distance
groundwater discharge
40. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Erosion
Inertia
El Nino and La Nina
46%
41. A small Solar System body that orbits the Sun - When close enough to the sun - exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere) or a tail - both primarily from the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus - Have a variety of different orbital periods
Cirrus clouds
Comet
The big bang theory of cosmology
Gravity and inertia
42. Not all runoff flows into rivers; much of it infiltrates into the ground through...
Erosion and land use
percolation
Meteorology
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
43. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
Law of original horizontality
Deserts
Continental drift
Weathering
44. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone
Tectonic plates
lower elevation
Igneous rocks
Conglomerates
45. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Surface temperature differences
Andromeda galaxy
Mechanical/physical weathering
Extrusive
46. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Hydrologic concepts
29.5
clouds
Rain shadow
47. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
- cT
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Winter solstice
Cumulonibus clouds
48. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________
Crust
Full moon
Latitude
Galactic center
49. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Weather phenomena on earth
Major oceans
- mT
The big bang theory of cosmology
50. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily through ___________
River
Solar radiation
Why weather occurs
The geological time scale