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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Traces of ancient life preserved in the strata as shells - footprints - and the like - Soft plant and animal tissues decompose quickly in the presence of decay bacteria - which exist wherever oxygen exists
Differential heating
Fossils
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Evapotranspiration
2. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice
Why weather occurs
Extrusive
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Earth's crust
3. Precipitation - Canopy interception - Snowmelt - Runoff - Percolation - Subsurface flow- Evaporation - Sublimation - Condensation
percolation
California coast
Continental air
Hydrologic concepts
4. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift
Chaotic system
Surface ocean currents
Mid - oceanic ridge
Orogenic zones
5. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually
Speed of light
50-100
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Soil
6. Condensed water vapor that falls to the earth's surface - Most precipitation occurs as rain - but also includes snow - hail - fog drip - graupel - and sleet
Chemical weathering
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Sedimentary rocks
Precipitation
7. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Precipitation
Transpiration
Runoff
Metamorphic rocks
8. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Sedimentation
New moon
Runoff
9. Improved land - use practices can limit erosion by using techniques such as...
Fossils
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
50-100
Erosion
10. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
The rock cycle
Percolation
New moon
Mohs' scale of hardness
11. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance
- mP
Solar wind
Orogenic zones
Chaotic system
12. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Solar System
El Nino and La Nina
New moon
Sedimentation
13. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Venus
Tropical air
Why weather occurs
The distinction between asteroids and comets
14. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Snowmelt
Law of original horizontality
Hydrologic concepts
- mT
15. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Canopy interception
Erosion and land use
Longitude
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
16. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
- mT
Mohs' scale of hardness
World/global ocean
The equator
17. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density
Surface temperature differences
Troposhere
Types of galaxies
Hydrologic concepts
18. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Crust
Latitude
Types of galaxies
Lithosphere
19. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
Mineral color
Canopy interception
Conglomerates
Moon
20. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Air mass
Small islands
Convergent plate movements
Stars
21. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Metamorphic rocks
Troposhere
Conglomerates
Solar wind
22. The result of the buildup of once - living things
Long - period comets
freshwater
jet stream
Coral reef
23. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
- mT
Minerals
Equinoxes
Transform plate movements
24. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth
Moon
River
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Seasons
25. One tidal cycle per day
Colder
Law of original horizontality
Diurnal
Latitude
26. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
Ice Age
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Snowmelt
Scratch test
27. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
28. Center: 3000
29. Volcanoes can be caused by '____________'; these so - called hotspots - as in Hawaii - can occur far from plate boundaries
The geological time scale
The big bang theory of cosmology
Precipitation
Mantle plumes
30. Believed to originate at a much greater distance from the Sun - in a cloud (the Oort cloud) consisting of debris left over from the condensation of solar nebula - Comets are thrown from the outer planets or nearby stars - or as a result of collisions
Erosion and land use
Long - period comets
- cP
Evaporation
31. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Sun's gravity
Parallax
5.6
Axis tilt
32. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies
Sun
Asteroids
11
Pacific Ring of Fire
33. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Cleavage
15
California coast
34. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Rainfall
Spring tide
Venus
Troposhere
35. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Pacific Ring of Fire
Types of galaxies
groundwater discharge
Tides
36. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Major oceans
Transform plate movements
10000
37. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Cumulonibus clouds
Why weather occurs
The distinction between asteroids and comets
Surface temperature
38. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes
Tides
Hydrologic cycle
Convergent plate movements
Distance
39. Water transpired from plants and evaporated from the soil
Evapotranspiration
Scratch test
Comet nuclei
15
40. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
Comet nuclei
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Long linear arcs
River
41. Cirrus - Stratus - Cumulonimbus - Altostratus
Tectonic plates
- mP
Deserts
Types of clouds
42. A major determiner of coastal climate
50-100
Rock salt
Volcano
Surface ocean temperature
43. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering)
Time zone
Canopy interception
Intrusive
Chemical weathering
44. This upslope wind is called a...
El Nino and La Nina
Valley breeze
Erosion and land use
The most abundant minerals in the crust
45. Huge systems of stars - Milky Way is estimated to have 100 billion stars arranged in a great disk
The equator
Time zone
Galaxies
29.5
46. Due to a combination of differential heating and geometry - hen the sun rises - it is the tops of the mountain peaks which receive first light - and as the day progresses - the mountain slopes take on a greater heat load than the valleys - This resul
Seasons
Intrusive
Strata
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
47. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging
Valley breeze
11
Stratus clouds
Tectonic plates
48. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
- mP
Igneous rocks
29.5
Metamorphic rocks
49. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
3/4
Limestone
Mohs' scale of hardness
Short - period comets
50. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes
Nuclear fusion
freshwater
50-100
15