Test your basic knowledge |

CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an






2. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away






3. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes






4. (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean - the Atlantic Ocean - the Indian Ocean - the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean






5. Used to arrange strata in a standard order - Used to measure the amount of radioactive decay in minerals and calculate the time at which the rock formed






6. The science of the atmosphere and weather






7. Water returns to the land surface at __________ than where it entered - under the force of gravity or gravity - induced pressures






8. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures






9. Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids - Bodies






10. Two high waters and two low waters each day - in most locations - tides are semidiurnal






11. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground






12. Characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific - warm current of nutrient - poor tropical water - heated by its eastward passage in the Equatorial Current - replaces the cold - nutrient - rich surface water of th






13. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually






14. Continental tropical (dry - warm air)






15. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p






16. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth






17. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit






18. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer






19. Volcanoes are generally found where ________ are diverging or converging






20. Maritime tropical (wet - warm air)






21. Forms over water and is associated with wet air






22. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold






23. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e






24. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names






25. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw






26. Formed by sodium chloride






27. Center: 3000

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28. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...

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29. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15






30. Some groundwater finds openings in the land surface and emerges as...






31. Volcanoes are also found in __________ - where the denser oceanic plates are forced under continental plates; this adds massive volumes of water to the mantle - allowing magma to melt more readily and rise to the surface to form volcanoes






32. One tidal cycle per day






33. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean - and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the water - The result is that the South Pole is consistently _______ during the southern winter than the North Pole during the northern winter






34. Travels around the earth each month - - Distance from the earth averages 237000 miles - Has rugged topography formed billions of years ago by volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts - Mass is 1/6th that of Earth






35. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years






36. Theory that the earth's continents were originally united as a supercontinent - Pangaea - Established by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s






37. Faulting and folding






38. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...






39. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift






40. Sedimentary rocks containing large fragments of other rock material - e.g. Sandstone






41. Gas giants Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus and Neptune have diameters far larger than Earth's and have far greater masses






42. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation






43. Runoff and groundwater are stored as ________ in lakes






44. An individual weighing 200 lbs on Earth would weigh more on a _______________ - Weight is a function of gravity






45. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest

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46. On maps - the characteristics of an air mass are represented by two letters: The lowercase letter represents ________ - and the uppercase letter represents temperature






47. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements






48. The movement of rainwater as it filters through soil and rocks into the ground - becoming groundwater






49. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds






50. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them