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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
El Nino and La Nina
Clastic
Lithosphere
Precipitation
2. Occur twice a year - when the tilt of the earth's axis is oriented neither from nor to the sun - causing the sun to be located vertically above a point on the equator - The name derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night) - because at the e
Short - period comets
Equinoxes
The Gulf - Stream
10000
3. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms
Opposite seasons
The earth's structure
Cumulonibus clouds
Tectonic plates
4. Characterized by similar temperatures and moisture levels
Runoff
Air mass
lower elevation
River
5. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Rock salt
Rocky planets and moons
Runoff
Comet nuclei
6. The tidal force produced by the sun is ____ as large as that produced by the moon
46%
lower
Solar radiation
The most abundant minerals in the crust
7. Solar Atmosphere is divided into the inner chromosphere with explosive prominences and the outer corona - a glowing halo visible only during a total eclipse - Constantly emitting particles as a...
Solar wind
Surface temperature
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Photosphere
8. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris
Percolation
Erosion
Solar System
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
9. The stress is particularly severe in _________ - which are characterized by volcanism - metamorphism - deformation - and uplift
Orogenic zones
Solar System
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
10. The rising of the earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the moon and the sun acting on the oceans
Nuclear fusion
Tides
Clastic
Equinoxes
11. An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions associated with the plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean - In a 40000 km horseshoe shape - associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches - volcanic arcs - and volcanic
Gravity and inertia
Sunspots
Soil
Pacific Ring of Fire
12. Nearest galaxy - about 20 million light - years away
Stratus clouds
Andromeda galaxy
Tectonic plates
Percolation
13. Largest zone of the planet (68%); crystalline silicates - rich in magnesium - calcium - and iron; very hot and mainly solid - but local melting to magma is the source of volcanic eruptions
Colder
Mantle
Convergent tectonic plates
Eclipses
14. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Sedimentary rocks
Galactic center
Limestone
Altostratus clouds
15. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
larger planet
11
The rock cycle
Chemical sedimentary rocks
16. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore
Metamorphic rocks
snow
Condensation
Sedimentation
17. Forms south of the Arctic and is cold
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Polar air
50-100
18. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
The geological time scale
11
Winter solstice
lower
19. Method of using the present to interpret the past - Processes occurring today are observed carefully and their effects are measured - Then - geologists assume that similar effects in ancient rocks were caused by processes similar to those of the pres
Valley breeze
Small islands
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Uniformitarianism
20. Stars with the highest ___________ appear blue - while stars with the lowest surface temperature appear red
Subsurface flow
Surface temperature
Sedimentary rocks
Polar air
21. Scientists theorize that massive volcanic eruptions on a global scale contributed to the earth's cooling - resulting in the onset of the...
Earth's crust
Types of clouds
Ice Age
Mantle plumes
22. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Latitude
Photosphere
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Lunar eclipse
23. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
Eclipses
Longitude
Weathering
The rock cycle
24. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Lithosphere
Spring tide
Igneous rocks
25. Both gravity and inertia work together to keep planets in orbit around the sun - Inertia makes a planet travel in a straight line
Gravity and inertia
Chemical weathering
Mountain
The earth's structure
26. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Conglomerates
Rain shadow
Standard time zones
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
27. Two types of mountains are formed - depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces
cooling
Rock salt
Rainfall
Block mountains or fold mountains
28. Generally forms deep in the mantle as one type of rock changes into another - Due to intense pressure - can show signs of bending and distortion - Examples: schist - marble - gneiss - and slate
Metamorphic rocks
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
15
Stars
29. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
The equator
Sun's gravity
Standard time zones
Weather phenomena on earth
30. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Extrusive
Mountain
Full moon
Snowmelt
31. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity
Nuclear fusion
Long linear arcs
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Block mountains or fold mountains
32. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
Sun's gravity
Density
Small islands
Mohs' scale of hardness
33. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest
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34. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
Valley breeze
29.5
Hydrologic concepts
precipitation
35. Forms over land and is associated with dry air
Cleavage
Long linear arcs
Continental air
Sedimentary rocks
36. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
Orogenic zones
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Weather phenomena on earth
Strata
37. On maps - the characteristics of an air mass are represented by two letters: The lowercase letter represents ________ - and the uppercase letter represents temperature
Cumulonibus clouds
moisture
Surface temperature differences
Intrusive
38. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure
Limestone
Mechanical/physical weathering
Weight and mass
Hydrologic concepts
39. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
The rock cycle
Small islands
jet stream
Parallax
40. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Latitude
Diurnal
Volcano
41. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon
Sedimentary rocks
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
New moon
Cumulonibus clouds
42. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Law of original horizontality
Deserts
Sedimentary rocks
Density
43. The sun is not at the center of the disk - but out toward the perimeter - and is revolving around the ________
Lithosphere
Galactic center
The big bang theory of cosmology
Sun and oceans' affect on weather
44. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
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45. Two feldspars (orthoclase and plagioclase) - quartz - olivine - and augite - These five minerals are silicates - built from interlocking silicon and oxygen atoms
Surface temperature differences
The most abundant minerals in the crust
Distance
Full moon
46. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Troposhere
Solar radiation
- mT
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
47. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans
Parallax
Styles of rock deformation
Semidiurnal
Subsurface flow
48. A continuous drill would find gas - oil - and water in that order - The three substances occur in their order of density - with the lightest substance on top and the heaviest on the bottom
Petroleum exploration
Extrusive
The big bang theory of cosmology
Galactic center
49. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
Mountain
The equator
freshwater
Distance
50. Zero degrees latitude - generally has a tropical climate (warm and wet); at the extreme northern and southern latitudes (polar regions) - the climate is very cold and dry
The equator
freshwater springs
Smaller regions of the oceans
La Nina