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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process in which one type of rock changes into another
Plate tectonics
The rock cycle
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Longitude
2. (or summer time zones) include an offset (typically +1 hour) for daylight saving time
Petroleum exploration
Daylight saving time zones
46%
Cumulonibus clouds
3. An opening - or rupture - in a planet's surface or crust - which allows hot molten rock - ash - and gases to escape from below the surface - Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a p
Volcano
Mechanical/physical weathering
Sedimentary rocks
Hydrologic concepts
4. Defined by geometrically subdividing the earth's spheroid into 24 lunes (wedge - shaped sections) - bordered by meridians - each 15
Long - period comets
Comet
Standard time zones
Convergent plate movements
5. 186000 miles/second
Standard time zones
Law of original horizontality
Long linear arcs
Speed of light
6. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
3/4
- mP
Hydrologic concepts
Troposhere
7. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Volcano
Time zone
Eclipses
Convergent tectonic plates
8. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...
Ways magma can form
Nuclear fusion
Rocky planets and moons
Mountain
9. Bodies similar to the sun but immensely distant - Closest stars are 4 light - years away
Estuary
Differential heating
Stars
Styles of rock deformation
10. The layers of sediment deposited in a quiet environment - Common sites of deposition are lakes - deltas at the mouths of rivers - beaches and sandbars along the coast - and (most important) the marine environment
Estuary
groundwater discharge
- mP
Strata
11. The farther from the tropics you are positioned - the ________ the angle of the sun - This causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight
Divergent plate movements
groundwater discharge
Spring tide
lower
12. The degrees east or west of the prime meridian through Greenwich - England
Cumulonibus clouds
Solar System
Longitude
- mP
13. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history
Surface ocean currents
Axis tilt
11
Sedimentation
14. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
The earth's structure
Rain shadow
Earth
Full moon
15. The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
Surface ocean temperature
Evaporation
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Canopy interception
16. Test the item against materials of known hardness; for example - use your fingernail or the graphite in a pencil to attempt to scratch the items. This process should result in assigning a relative hardness to the unknown items.
Strata
Winter solstice
Scratch test
percolation
17. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer
The Gulf - Stream
California coast
Canopy interception
The equator
18. 1 hour of time
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
15
Latitude
Venus
19. Giant masses of solid rock that float upon the earth's mantle - These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries...
Condensation
Hydrologic concepts
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Continental air
20. The resulting dust layer would act as a shield - blocking out much of the sun's rays - This would result in lower global temperatures and a general _____ of the earth
Ways magma can form
Surface temperature
Air mass
cooling
21. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Runoff
World/global ocean
Percolation
22. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth
Meteorology
Latitude
Cumulonibus clouds
Extrusive
23. One tidal cycle per day
Mid - oceanic ridge
Venus
Diurnal
World/global ocean
24. The degrees north or south of the equator
Conglomerates
Valley breeze
Tides
Latitude
25. Deviates by an angle of approximately 23.5 degrees - Thus - at any given time during summer or winter - one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the sun - This exposure alternates as the earth revolves in its orbit
Axis tilt
Tropical air
Planets
Tectonic plates
26. Form when dissolved mineral solutions crystalize out of lakes and oceans
Continental drift
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Rain shadow
Crustal rocks
27. The tidal force produced by the sun is ____ as large as that produced by the moon
Solar System
Short - period comets
46%
California coast
28. A ______________ - such as the Mid - Atlantic Ridge - has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart
Asteroids
Earth's crust
Mid - oceanic ridge
Soil
29. Forms over the Tropics and is warm
Altostratus clouds
Tides
Tropical air
- cP
30. The strength of gravity in our solar system depends on both the masses of the celestial objects and the _______ between them
Distance
Rain shadow
Hydrologic cycle
Examples to support Continental drift theory
31. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer
Comet
The Gulf - Stream
50-100
Types of clouds
32. Comprises one global - interconnected body of salt water often (though generally recognized as several separate oceans) - A continuous body of water with relatively free interchange among its parts
Surface ocean currents
World/global ocean
Distance
Tectonic plates
33. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Solar radiation
Sedimentary rocks
34. The sun and oceans can also affect the weather of land - If the sun heats ocean waters for a period of time - water can evaporate - Once evaporated into the air - the moisture can spread over nearby land - thus making it cooler
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35. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
freshwater springs
Sedimentary - igneous - metamorphic
Erosion and land use
Speed of light
36. Some isolated mountains were produced by volcanoes - including many apparently ________ that reach a great height above the ocean floor
Solar radiation
Percolation
Types of galaxies
Small islands
37. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
Solar eclipse
Solar System
- mP
Climate
38. Formed from calcium carbonate - also an example of chemical sedimentary rocks - like roock salt - can contain organic or once - living matter and can record the history of that matter's formation in features such as strata - fossil evidence - and rip
Limestone
River
Law of superposition
Minerals
39. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune
Metamorphic rocks
New moon
Chaotic system
Short - period comets
40. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Rain shadow
Divergent plate movements
The big bang theory of cosmology
Parallax
41. Refers to the long - term weather patterns of a large geographical area and takes into account temperature - humidity - and precipitation
Planets
Spring tide
10000
Climate
42. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________
jet stream
Hydrologic concepts
Semidiurnal or diurnal
Gravity and inertia
43. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Semidiurnal
Venus
Law of original horizontality
El Nino
44. The earth is believed to be about ___ billion years old
Major oceans
Conglomerates
5.6
Pacific Ring of Fire
45. Less than 1% of the earth; this relatively thin zone (5 to 25 miles) contains the only rocks we can study - even in the deepest mines or drill holes
Density
New moon
Mohs' scale of hardness
Crust
46. The evaporation of these oceans is how we get most of our __________ - and their temperature determines our climate and wind patterns
Rainfall
Neap tide/neaps
La Nina
The most abundant minerals in the crust
47. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
Pacific Ring of Fire
Surface ocean temperature
Deserts
15
48. Tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly - and so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years
Orogenic zones
Styles of rock deformation
Groundwater
Volcano
49. Under solar conditions - gases are undergoing _____ to heavier elements with the increase of prodigious quantities of energy
Earthquakes - volcanic activity - mountain - building - and oceanic trench formation
Troposhere
Nuclear fusion
Subsurface flow
50. The science of the atmosphere and weather
Comet
Parallax
Meteorology
Neap tide/neaps