Test your basic knowledge |

CSET Earth

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur when two plates slip past each other - Such faults are generally moderate and are relatively shallow Example: The San Andreas Fault






2. The process in which one type of rock changes into another






3. The difference between levels of ocean water at high and low tides






4. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun






5. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements






6. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not






7. The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air - producing clouds and fog






8. Occurs when the moon sets at sunset - Then the moon is between the earth and the sun - so we see only the dark half of the moon






9. - The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material - The mineral content is determined by the parent material; thus - a soil derived from a single rock type can often be deficient in one or more minerals for good ferti






10. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...






11. The best determiner of climate - as it is consistently and directly correlated with temperature - other factors: Rain shadows - as well as water currents - elevation and so forth






12. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures






13. The science of the atmosphere and weather






14. The result of the buildup of once - living things






15. Thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt - or associated scattered discs - which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune






16. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started






17. The breakdown of rocks - soils and minerals through direct contact with atmospheric conditions such as heat - water - ice - and pressure






18. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics






19. Forms over the Tropics and is warm






20. Cause pressure differences - A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands - lowering the air pressure and its density






21. Can thaw and melt - and the ensuing water flows overland as snowmelt






22. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the ________






23. This scale assigns a fixed number to 10 reference materials. Talc (1) is the softest and diamond (10) is the hardest

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24. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans






25. Occur when two plates push together - Such faults are strong and relatively deep - Where the strongest earthquakes occur Example: mountain building in the Himalayas and the Andes






26. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the Solar System - especially on...






27. Tides may be...






28. A warm - water current that carries warm water from the Tropics to the Arctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean - This accounts for higher temperatures and higher humidity on the Eastern Seaboard during the summer






29. 4 terrestrials: Mercury - Venus - Mars - Earth 4 gas giants: Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune At least 5 dwarf planets: Ceres - Pluto - Makemake - Haumea - Eris






30. The cold - water current that flows north to south off the _____________ keeps the West Coast fairly cool during the summer - Cold - water currents create cooler temperatures in areas that would otherwise be much warmer






31. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms






32. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere






33. A semi - closed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it - and with a free connection to the open sea - Often associated with high levels of biological diversity - They are made up of brackish water - Often given names






34. A major determiner of coastal climate






35. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year






36. The atmosphere is a __________ - and so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole - This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance






37. The flow of water underground - in the vadose zone and aquifers - Subsurface water may return to the surface (as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans






38. The movement (carrying away or displacement) of solids (sediment - soil - rock - and other particles) - usually by the agents of currents such as wind - water - or ice by downward or down - slope movement in response to gravity






39. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean






40. The lateral movement of the plates is typically at speeds of ___ mm annually






41. Typically the tidal mouths of rivers and are often characterized by _____________ or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff - frequently from offshore






42. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths






43. This upslope wind is called a...






44. How much matter is in the object






45. The major mountains tend to occur in __________ - indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity






46. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun






47. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere






48. The fossiliferous strata record is only the last __% of the earth's history






49. Igneous rock that forms on the earth's surface - Examples obsidian - basalt - and pumice






50. Seas - gulfs - bays - and other names