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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Earth
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur when two plates pull away from each other - Such faults are generally weak and shallow Example: the Mid - Atlantic Range in the Atlantic Ocean
Divergent plate movements
Strata
Lithosphere
Types of clouds
2. Further caused by the elliptical orbit of the earth - Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the sun) in January - and it reaches aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in July - Also depend on factors such as proximity to oceans
Density
Cumulonibus clouds
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
Conglomerates
3. Different visual appearance; when discovered - comets show a perceptible coma while asteroids do not
The distinction between asteroids and comets
11
Ice Age
Lithosphere
4. The variety of ways by which water moves across the land - This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff - As it flows - the water may percolate into the ground - evaporate into the air - become stored in lakes or reservoirs - or be extracted
Chemical weathering
Standard time zones
Cleavage
Runoff
5. Faulting and folding
Styles of rock deformation
World/global ocean
Uniformitarianism
Block mountains or fold mountains
6. Around a new or full moon - when the sun - moon - and the earth form a line - the tidal forces due to the sun reinforce those of the moon - The tide's range is at a maximum and is called a spring tide (spring as in 'to jump/leap -' not the season)
Sedimentation
Spring tide
Standard time zones
The big bang theory of cosmology
7. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the...
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8. Sun heats water in the oceans - Water evaporates as vapor into the air - Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor...- Over time - the water reenters the ocean - where the water cycle started
Comet nuclei
Moon
Hydrologic cycle
Air mass
9. Younger beds were originally deposited above older beds
Comet
Erosion
Erosion and land use
Law of superposition
10. Takes place when the moon passes between the earth and the sun - with the moon blocking the sunlight for about two minutes - A total ___________ may be seen only from a small zone on the earth
Snow packs
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
Solar eclipse
11
11. Earth movements - The result of forces within the earth - where temperature and pressure differences lead to instability
Crustal rocks
Conglomerates
Climate
Parallax
12. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface - water bodies (and the ocean) as...
groundwater discharge
River
precipitation
5.6
13. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the __________ (the lower part of the atmosphere)
Parallax
Troposhere
Diurnal
groundwater discharge
14. A natural flow of water - usually freshwater - traveling toward an ocean - a lake - or another stream
World/global ocean
River
Cleavage
Weather phenomena on earth
15. Igneous rock that cools beneath the earth's surface - Examples: plutons - dikes - and batholiths
Conglomerates
Intrusive
River
Volcano
16. Large - dark clouds that indicate thunderstorms
Runoff
Mechanical/physical weathering
Cumulonibus clouds
Chemical weathering
17. The center of the sun may have a temperature of millions of degrees; the visible surface - the ______ - is about 6000
Minerals
Photosphere
freshwater
The equator
18. Composed of the fragments of other types of rocks - Cover 75 to 80% of the earth's land area - Often deposited in distinct parallel layers - Weather and erosion break down other rock types into sediments - Over time - the sediments become cemented an
Short - period comets
Continental drift
Sedimentary rocks
Tidal range
19. Spiral - elliptical - and irregular form are speckled throughout the visible universe - Largest telescope has detected galaxies to its limit of several billion light - years
Altostratus clouds
Opposite seasons
Types of galaxies
cooling
20. Oceans cover __ of the earth's surface
Daylight saving time zones
3/4
Speed of light
Snowmelt
21. This upslope wind is called a...
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Valley breeze
Long linear arcs
Air mass
22. Somewhat cooler disturbances in the photosphere
lower elevation
The big bang theory of cosmology
Sun
Sunspots
23. Officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0.5
- mT
El Nino and La Nina
Ice Age
Pacific Ring of Fire
24. Erosion in many places is increased by human land use - Poor land - use practices include deforestation - overgrazing - unmanaged construction activity - and road building
Gravity and inertia
New moon
Transform plate movements
Erosion and land use
25. The result of the buildup of once - living things
Tectonic plates
Coral reef
La Nina
Rocky planets and moons
26. Most sediments were deposited in beds that were originally horizontal - and any tilting is due to later earth movements
Cirrus clouds
Geology
Rainfall
Law of original horizontality
27. The outermost part of the earth's interior is made up of two layers...
Cleavage
Lithosphere and the asthenosphere
Long - period comets
Convergent/collision boundaries - divergent/spreading boundaries - and transform boundaries
28. Seasons are marked by changes in the amount of sunlight - which in turn often cause cycles of dormancy in plants and hibernation in animals - These effects vary with latitude and with proximity to bodies of water
snow
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Convergent plate movements
Daylight saving time zones
29. The tendency of a moving object to stay in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place - Without _______ - a planet would be pulled into the sun
Cleavage
Colder
Orogenic zones
Inertia
30. Distance to closest stars can be calculated by measuring the _________ - a slight shift in apparent position against the background of more distant stars as the earth travels around the sun
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Mid - oceanic ridge
Parallax
The Gulf - Stream
31. The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage and eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground
Sublimation
Ways magma can form
Canopy interception
California coast
32. Can influence climate by sending tremendous volumes of dust - ash - and smoke into the atmosphere
Uniformitarianism
Types of clouds
The rock cycle
Cataclysmic volcanic eruptions
33. Ancient astronomers found that eclipses occurred periodically and learned to predict them accurately - Lunar and solar
Eclipses
11
Cumulonibus clouds
Solar wind
34. On maps - the characteristics of an air mass are represented by two letters: The lowercase letter represents ________ - and the uppercase letter represents temperature
Mid - oceanic ridge
29.5
moisture
Convergent tectonic plates
35. There are approx. _____ days between each lunar cycle
Sun's gravity
Speed of light
Runoff
29.5
36. Two types of mountains are formed - depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces
The Gulf - Stream
- cP
Block mountains or fold mountains
Smaller regions of the oceans
37. Maritime polar (wet - cold air)
Tropical air
- mP
Stratus clouds
Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres
38. Comprised of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle - broken up into tectonic plates (7 major and many minor) - ride on the asthenosphere
Terrace building - conservation tillage practices - and tree planting
Clastic
5.6
Lithosphere
39. Mountains blocking the path of precipitation to the desert
Convergent tectonic plates
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Rain shadow
The Gulf - Stream
40. Takes approx. seven and a half earth months to revolve around the sun - Takes approx. eight earth months to rotate on its axis - a day on ________ is longer than a year
Mountain breezes and valley breezes
Short - period comets
Venus
Hydrologic concepts
41. Temperature - pressure - and composition
freshwater
Sedimentary rocks
Small islands
Ways magma can form
42. Common: wind - clouds - rain - snow - fog - dust storms - Less common: natural disasters such as tornadoes - hurricanes - and ice storms
Tides
Estuary
La Nina
Weather phenomena on earth
43. Occurs at the instant when the sun's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the observer's hemisphere - Depending on the shift of the calendar - the winter solstice occurs some time betw
Winter solstice
Hydrologic concepts
Erosion
Soil
44. The degrees north or south of the equator
Comet nuclei
Seasons in the temperate and polar regions
Asteroids
Latitude
45. After the moon has waxed through crescent - quarter - and gibbous phases - a ________ appears - At that time - the moon rises at sunset - and we see all of its illuminated side - Then the phase wanes gradually to another new moon
Opposite seasons
cooling
Full moon
Sun
46. The motive force behind land breezes and sea/lake breezes - also known as on - or off - shore winds - Land absorbs and radiates heat faster than water - but water releases heat over a longer period of time
The rock cycle
Air mass
Daylight saving time zones
Differential heating
47. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one location and another - These differences can occur due to the angle of the sun at any particular spot - which varies by latitude from the tropics
Air mass
Climate
Why weather occurs
Chemical weathering
48. (or summer time zones) include an offset (typically +1 hour) for daylight saving time
Daylight saving time zones
Law of superposition
Erosion
10000
49. Take up about 1/3 of the earth's land surface - many are formed by rain shadows - Usually have a large diurnal (day) and seasonal temperature range - with high daytime temperatures
Examples to support Continental drift theory
Clastic
Deserts
moisture
50. A huge ball of incandescent gases - Its mass is more than 300000 times that of the earth - Principal constituents are the lightest elements - hydrogen and helium
- cP
Diurnal
Sun
Eclipses
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