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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A DNA double helix is held together in the center by between nitrogenous bases






2. A unique combination of traits that are passed down from one generation to another.






3. Another term for pure breeding






4. An evolutionary 'branch' and its daughter 'twigs'






5. Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring






6. Structures in different but related species that are derived from the same ancestral structure but now serve different purposes.






7. A genetic crosses that involve one trait. e.g TT plant crossed with tt plant has offspring who are heterozygous Tt.






8. Method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new






9. You mate the unknown genotype with an organism showing the recessive trait. If any of the offspring show the recessive trait - the original unknown parent was heterozygous. If no recessive trats show up - the original parent was homozygous.






10. The type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs






11. Process by which an organism is slowly turned to stone as the body is replaced by minerals.






12. A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilises on a particular trait value






13. Hybrid is sterile so biologically unfit






14. A small simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism. It is also a cell






15. A pairing where the parent plants differ in only one character.






16. Natural selection that causes the frequency of a particular allele to move in one direction






17. A change in the base sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of new alleles






18. The complete genetic material contained in an individual






19. The study of the structures of different organisms - looking at homologous parts






20. Embryos of similar organisms have very similar early development indicating similar DNA at work






21. The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism. e.g. Tt plant will still be tall. Where T is the dominant trait for tall and t is the recessive trait for small.






22. Used radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material - by demonstrating that it is DNA that is injected by bacteriophages into bacterial cells during infection






23. What is one benefit for having two strands of DNA?






24. Any indirect evidence of life preserved as an impression in rock; trails - footprints - tracks - burrows - and bite marks






25. 2 alleles for a character separate during the formation of gametes - so that each gamete only carriers one allele for each character

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26. Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest






27. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.






28. One of the types of fossils made from hardened tree resin. Preserves both hard and soft parts.






29. It is the time from when the Earth formed and simple life - forms evolved (and it is the longest era)






30. Closely related species occupying different habitats - niches preventing them from interbreeding






31. Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring






32. Predicts the possible outcome of a genetic cross.






33. Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area






34. The capacity of an individual of certain genotype to reproduce. It is usually equal to the proportion of the individual's genes in all the genes of the next generation






35. Because of base pairing in DNA the amount of






36. A combining of genes or characters different from what they were in the parents






37. Evolution of the earth - which is hypothesized to have been formed over 4.6 billion years ago.






38. A nucleotide of RNA is made of...






39. The banding pattern of a persons DNA after being cut and run on gel is called






40. The backbone of DNA consist of...






41. Organisms with similar functions - but different underlying structure. Example: bird and insect wing. These structures do NOT show a common ancestral link.






42. Geologic period that followed the Precambrian;means 'ancient life' - early life (570-286 million years ago); single cell organisms - shells - mollusks - rise of first vertebrates - rise of land plants - amphibians - insects - seed plants - and trees






43. An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common






44. DNA is made of...






45. The final product of transcription is...






46. The formation of new species as a result of evolution






47. All the genes in a population. genes are added by reproduction and immigration and lost by death and emigration






48. A change in the base sequence of a gene






49. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






50. A trait that masks the expression of another trait