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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organisms with similar functions - but different underlying structure. Example: bird and insect wing. These structures do NOT show a common ancestral link.






2. The structure on a tRNA molecule that allows it interact with an mRNA molecule






3. A taxon originating from and including a single common ancestor






4. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.






5. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






6. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive






7. Shows how the embryos of different groups resemble each other at particular stages. Similarities indicate groups may share a common ancestor






8. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






9. The adaptive increase in pigmentation as a result of human - induced pollutants






10. The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past






11. It is the time from when the Earth formed and simple life - forms evolved (and it is the longest era)






12. Evolution of living things - based on evidence from the past and present.






13. The complete genetic material contained in an individual






14. When zygote does not complete development or is physically weaker than normal






15. A geographic gradient in the extent to which a character is developed in a species






16. Populations that can interbreed with neighboring populations but not with populations separated by larger geographical distances






17. Transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome






18. Middle life (245-144 million years ago); rise of mammals and dinosaurs; the rise of birds; extinction of dinosaurs - rise of flowering plants






19. Hybrid is sterile so biologically unfit






20. Organisms with a similar underlying structure - but different function. Example: bird - bat and dolphin 'arm'. Shows a common ancestral link.






21. Determined the complete double helical structure of DNA






22. Gradual evolution within a lineage






23. Copying the code from DNA onto mRNA






24. Relatively rapid proliferation from an ancestral type into new types which fill a diversity of ecological niches






25. Recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences usually palindromes






26. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid






27. Two alternative forms of a gene e.g Tall vs Short






28. Building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)






29. Is the genetic makeup of an organism (TT or Tt) ; All the combinations of genes you have for a certain trait.






30. A change in the base sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of new alleles






31. The backbone of DNA consist of...






32. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.






33. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids






34. One of the types of fossils made from hardened tree resin. Preserves both hard and soft parts.






35. Is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. This is because the sequence of bases code for certain proteins.






36. The offspring of a cross between two inbred lines within a single species. May also refer to the offspring of across between two species






37. The comparison of the structures of different organisms






38. Mating of 2 oism that differ in 2 characters






39. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






40. Disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range






41. Evolution of superficial phenotypic similarity of form as a result of similar selection pressures






42. Mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual






43. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat






44. Reciprocal evolution in two species as a result of the selection pressure each imposes upon the other






45. A point of overlap of paired chromatids at which fusion and exchange of genetic material (crossing over) occurs during prophase I of meiosis.






46. Is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.






47. Similar DNA sequences or protein structures (such as hemoglobin) may link different species to a similar ancestor.






48. Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next






49. Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes






50. shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.