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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian - Paleozoic - Mesozoic - and Cenozoic






2. A fossil known to have lived in a particular geologic age that can be used to date the rock layer in which it is found






3. Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring






4. Any preserved remains of an organism from the past. Usually found in sedimentary rock.






5. Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next






6. The adaptive increase in pigmentation as a result of human - induced pollutants






7. Deoxyribonucleic acid carries the genetic code for the proper functioning of an organism. It is composed of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) four bases Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine and Guanine. the sugar is bonded to a phosphate group. This forms a long






8. Predicts the possible outcome of a genetic cross.






9. A pairing where the parent plants differ in only one character.






10. Used x ray cyrstallography to create an image of DNA






11. Movement of organisms ro of from a population






12. A change or error in the DNA sequence






13. Copying the code from DNA onto mRNA






14. T or F If a nucleic acid contain uracil it is DNA






15. Era of recent life that began about 66 million years ago and continues today; includes the first appearance Hominids






16. Different alleles for a gene






17. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.






18. Middle life (245-144 million years ago); rise of mammals and dinosaurs; the rise of birds; extinction of dinosaurs - rise of flowering plants






19. Is found in DNA






20. Change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated






21. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations






22. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






23. Cell division that produces reproductive cells or gamates.This occurs in the gonads (testicle and ovaries in animals) Here the chromosome number is halved the original amount. (each new cell has a haploid number = n) All daughter cells are not geneti






24. A type of barrier between species; the species remain isolated because male and femal gametes of the different species cannot fuse - or they die before they unite.






25. Shows how the embryos of different groups resemble each other at particular stages. Similarities indicate groups may share a common ancestor






26. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid






27. Which structure contains anticodons






28. Selection against one end of a range of variation - resulting in a progressive change in allele frequency






29. process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.






30. A process where the organisms that have traits that aid in its survival (adaptive traits) will reproduce to pass that trait to futher generations thus increasing the frequency of that trait in the population. Vice versa traits that reduce the chance






31. Synonym for protein; chain of amino acids






32. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






33. Translation occurs in the...






34. Recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences usually palindromes






35. What does DNA stand for...






36. A copy of a gene is made during a process called this






37. Heteros have a phenotype tintertmediate b/t phenotypes of the 2 homoz






38. Which type of Rna functions as a blue print of the genetic code






39. Organisms with a similar underlying structure - but different function. Example: bird - bat and dolphin 'arm'. Shows a common ancestral link.






40. The enzyme that binds to the promoter region of a gene during transcription is called...






41. What is one benefit for having two strands of DNA?






42. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.






43. Organ that serves no useful function in an organism






44. Organisms with similar functions - but different underlying structure. Example: bird and insect wing. These structures do NOT show a common ancestral link.






45. Trait evolves overtime; NO common ancestry






46. All the factors in an organism's surroundings that can potentially affect it






47. A base found in DNA (but not in RNA). This base pairs with Adenine.






48. Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information






49. A genetic crosses that involve one trait. e.g TT plant crossed with tt plant has offspring who are heterozygous Tt.






50. An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common