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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Genetics And Evolution
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
,
genetics
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Periods of rapid evolution punctuated by periods of little change
index fossil
Temporal Isolation
3 nucleotides
Punctuated Equilibrium
2. The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events
Genetic Drift
Variation
Petrification
Isolating Mechanism
3. Disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range
Geologic Evolution
Adaptation
Deme
Extinction
4. Geologic period that followed the Precambrian;means 'ancient life' - early life (570-286 million years ago); single cell organisms - shells - mollusks - rise of first vertebrates - rise of land plants - amphibians - insects - seed plants - and trees
Gamete Isolation
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
body fossils
Paleozoic era
5. The signal on a mRNA molecule that designates the end of the coding sequence is called the...
RNA polymerase
Hominid
Crossing over
stop codon
6. Deoxyribonucleic acid carries the genetic code for the proper functioning of an organism. It is composed of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) four bases Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine and Guanine. the sugar is bonded to a phosphate group. This forms a long
Duplication
that is complementary to a single strand of DNA
Sequential Evolution
DNA
7. Type of sympatric speciation that occurs when a new species is formed because of a change in microhabitats
Dihybrid
Temporal Isolation
vestigial (Evolution Evidence)
NIche Isolation
8. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide
Analogous Structures (analogies)
Rosalind Franklin
Substitution
Stasis
9. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y
Centromere
Sex Chromosomes
translation
Translocation
10. Form of reproductive isolation in which tere are differences in species courtship behavior
molecular evidence
Analogous Structures (analogies)
Insertion
Behavioral (ethological) Isolation
11. It means chromosomes are paired. One of each chromosome in a pair originates from the father and one from the mother. They affect the same trait - but don't necessarily cause the same expression of the trait.
Paleozoic era
Dihybrid Cross
Mitosis
Homologous pair
12. When F1 is fully fertile but F2 has low fertility (rice - cotton)
Insertion
true
mRNA
Hybrid Breakdown
13. An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration. This is a result of crossing over of the chromosomes during Meiosis - mutations and random segregation.
Hybrid Infertility
Insertion
Variation
Vestigial organs
14. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat
Recessive
thymine
Gene
Adaptation
15. What is one benefit for having two strands of DNA?
Medel worked with _____
Hybrid Infertility
If you lose one then you will still have one to back you up.
three
16. Method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new
vestigial (Evolution Evidence)
Genetic Equilibrium
Semi - conservative replication
Endemic
17. An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common
Mutation
true
Common Ancestor
cytoplasm
18. Shows how the embryos of different groups resemble each other at particular stages. Similarities indicate groups may share a common ancestor
Alleles
Comparative embryology
Rosalind Franklin
chromatin
19. When a few individuals become isolated from a larger population - this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool is different from their source population.
Founder effect
Rosalind Franklin
False RNA
Genotype
20. A unique combination of traits that are passed down from one generation to another.
Heritable variation
Chromatid
Mass Extinction
Gene pool
21. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids
3 nucleotides
Somatic
Industrial Melanism
three
22. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies
Guanine
Microevolution
Migration
Mold
23. A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilises on a particular trait value
Bottleneck Effect
Chromatid
Stabilising selection
Cenozoic era
24. Natural selection that causes the frequency of a particular allele to move in one direction
Directional Selection
Phenotype
vestigial (Evolution Evidence)
Thymine
25. Selection acting against the middle of a range of variation
Disruptive Selection
Translocation
Natural Selection
Migration
26. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.
Dominant
Mitosis
Guanine
Sympatric Speciation
27. The sum total of an organism's requirements; its way of life
Precambrian era
Habitat
Chromosomes
Niche
28. A process where the organisms that have traits that aid in its survival (adaptive traits) will reproduce to pass that trait to futher generations thus increasing the frequency of that trait in the population. Vice versa traits that reduce the chance
Niche
Crossing over
Variation
Natural Selection
29. Process by which an organism is slowly turned to stone as the body is replaced by minerals.
Analogous Features
Petrification
Punctuated Equilibrium
Vestigial structure
30. Types of rocks formed after exposure to very high heat. Because of the high temperatures - fossils are not able to be recovered from these types of rocks. Absolute or radioactive dating is possible - however.
Allopatric Speciation
Igneous and metamorphic rock
body fossils
deoxyribose and phosphate
31. Visual expression of a trait
Comparative anatomy
Phenotype
Deletion
Heritable variation
32. The complete genetic material contained in an individual
Founder effect
Temporal Isolation
Genome
Genetic Drift
33. Recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences usually palindromes
Allele
restriction enzyme
Sympatric Speciation
False genes
34. The enzyme that binds to the promoter region of a gene during transcription is called...
Phenotype
RNA polymerase
Mendel's traits are now called _____ found on DNA
index fossil
35. Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Evolution
Test Cross
that is complementary to a single strand of DNA
Polyploidy
36. A change in the base sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of new alleles
Mendel's Principle of Segregation
Mutation
Meiosis
deoxyribose and phosphate
37. Selection for the ability to obtain a mate
Duplication
Translocation
Sexual Selection
Vestigial organs
38. A process that results in an allele having a different probability of remaining in the gene pool compared with that of another allele
Founder effect
Niche
Selection
Dominant
39. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.
chromatin
False genes
Analogous Structures (analogies)
Adaptation
40. A distinct population of a species that varies from other populations of the same species.
Dihybrid Cross
Sub - species
Gamete Isolation
Immigration
41. How often a form of a gene appears in a gene pool
Allele Frequency
Paleozoic era
RNA polymerase
Genotype
42. Any indirect evidence of life preserved as an impression in rock; trails - footprints - tracks - burrows - and bite marks
trace fossils
body fossils
Sedimentary Rock
Cast
43. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations
Phyletic Gradualism (anagenesis)
Chromosomes
Hominid
Incomplete Dominance
44. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive
Rosalind Franklin
Balanced Polymorphism
Test Cross
Genetic Drift
45. When chromosome is changed by radiation and chemicals - results a permanent structural change in the chromosome - which will no longer be able to pair with its homologous pair. Eg - deletion - duplication - inversion and translocation.
Chromatid
Phyletic Gradualism (anagenesis)
Petrification
Chromosome mutation
46. It is the time from when the Earth formed and simple life - forms evolved (and it is the longest era)
Precambrian era
Cast
Evolution
geologic time scale
47. DNA that is coiled around proteins
anticodon
chromatin
Deletion
Organic Evolution
48. Building block of a protein
mutation
GATTACA
amino acid
Pre -zygotic Mechanisms
49. Because of base pairing in DNA the amount of
DNA
cytosine in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
Relative dating
body fossils
50. During transcription an RNA molecule is formed
Heterozygote
Ecological (habitat) Isolation
rRNA
that is complementary to a single strand of DNA