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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Genetics And Evolution
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
science
,
genetics
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synonym for protein; chain of amino acids
Gene flow
polypeptide
Microevolution
geologic time scale
2. A change or error in the DNA sequence
Fossils
mutation
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
Selection
3. The structure on a tRNA molecule that allows it interact with an mRNA molecule
anticodon
Reproductive Isolation
Heritable variation
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
4. Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
Natural Selection
transcription
introns
Species
5. An evolutionary 'branch' and its daughter 'twigs'
Clade
ribose - phosphate - and a base
Phenotype
Petrification
6. Are noncoding sequences in the gene that are removed from RNA after transcription
Codon
Recombination
introns
Sub - species
7. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. Cytosine pairs with Guanine in DNA
Cytosine
Homologous Structures
Hershey and Chase
Double Helix
8. In the event of a sperm fertilizing an egg of another species - mechanisms that prevent result being fruitful
Post -zygotic Mechanisms
Isolating Mechanism
Monohybrid
proteins
9. Cell division that produces reproductive cells or gamates.This occurs in the gonads (testicle and ovaries in animals) Here the chromosome number is halved the original amount. (each new cell has a haploid number = n) All daughter cells are not geneti
Speciation
Meiosis
tRNA
Variation
10. Features that are superficially similar but have different modes of development
Hybrid
NIche Isolation
Analogous Features
Dihybrid
11. You mate the unknown genotype with an organism showing the recessive trait. If any of the offspring show the recessive trait - the original unknown parent was heterozygous. If no recessive trats show up - the original parent was homozygous.
Chiasma
stop codon
analogous (Evolution Evidence)
Test Cross
12. Gene
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13. Determined the complete double helical structure of DNA
deoxyribose and phosphate
watson and crick
Divergent Evolution
Stabilising
14. Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Variation
Polyploidy
Comparative Anatomy
Genotype
15. A trait that masks the expression of another trait
codon
Translocation
Dominant
Hybrid Breakdown
16. When zygote does not complete development or is physically weaker than normal
Hybrid Inviability
Isolating Mechanism
Founder Effect
vestigial (Evolution Evidence)
17. The complete genetic material contained in an individual
Gene pool
Genome
vestigial (Evolution Evidence)
mRNA
18. Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
Sub - species
Mutagen
Chromosome mutation
Mutation
19. Because of base pairing in DNA the amount of
cytosine in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
anticodon
Allele Frequency
deoxyribose and phosphate
20. Science dealing with DNA and protein synthesis of living organisms. Manipulation of DNA.
polypeptide
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
Molecular biology
Semi - conservative replication
21. Organisms with a similar underlying structure - but different function. Example: bird - bat and dolphin 'arm'. Shows a common ancestral link.
mRNA
Homologous structures
Chargaff
three
22. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.
Speciation
Alleles
Vestigial structure
Sexual Selection
23. Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
Species
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins
Punctuated Equilibrium
Population
24. Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits
Dihybrid Cross
Artificial selection
Cytosine
3 nucleotides
25. Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
Founder Effect
Coevolution
Ecological Barrier
Mass Extinction
26. The study of the structures of different organisms - looking at homologous parts
Population
Ecological Barrier
Comparative Anatomy
Analogous Features
27. Speciation which does not involve a period of geographical separation
Nucleotide
Sympatric Speciation
transcription
Population
28. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide
Substitution
translation
Gametic
Homologous pair
29. Any indirect evidence of life preserved as an impression in rock; trails - footprints - tracks - burrows - and bite marks
Species
Post -zygotic Mechanisms
Medel worked with _____
trace fossils
30. The reduction of a population - typically by a natural disaster - such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.
Phenotype
Extinction
Homozygous
Bottleneck Effect
31. The evolutionary history/geneology of a group of organisms (a tree thingy)
Insertion
Phylogeny
replication
genes
32. Is active during transcription
Phyletic Gradualism (anagenesis)
Genotype
RNA polymerase
introns
33. Ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
rRNA
Monohybrid Cross
Comparative Anatomy
Chromosomes
34. Middle life (245-144 million years ago); rise of mammals and dinosaurs; the rise of birds; extinction of dinosaurs - rise of flowering plants
Stasis
Mass Extinction
Mutation
Mesozoic era
35. Used radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material - by demonstrating that it is DNA that is injected by bacteriophages into bacterial cells during infection
Hershey and Chase
Hybrid Infertility
Reproductive Isolation
tRNA
36. Which structure contains anticodons
deoxyribonucleic acid
Gene Flow
tRNA
Industrial Melanism
37. Natural disaster eliminates most of the population - members left contribute the alleles for the new population.
Bottle neck effect
Isolating Mechanism
Precambrian era
clinC
38. DNA that is coiled around proteins
Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Mendel's traits are now called _____ found on DNA
chromatin
39. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat
Homozygous
Fossils
Adaptation
Codon
40. Another term for pure breeding
mRNA
tRNA
Homozygous
Phylogeny
41. Copying the code from DNA onto mRNA
Convergent Evolution
transcription
Vestigial structure
Heterozygote
42. Predicts the possible outcome of a genetic cross.
Punnett Square
Migration
Homozygous
Stabilising selection
43. One of the types of fossils made from hardened tree resin. Preserves both hard and soft parts.
cytosine in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
Amber
true
Igneous and metamorphic rock
44. The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past
Adaptation
Fossil
clinC
Founder Effect
45. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.
Habitat
Gene pool
codon
Phenotype
46. Evolution of living things - based on evidence from the past and present.
mutation
Locus
Organic Evolution
Dominant
47. A unique combination of traits that are passed down from one generation to another.
Heritable variation
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
proteins
Monohybrid
48. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid
gel electrophoresis
Species
Chargaff
codon
49. Selection acting against the extremes of a range of variation - resulting in resistance to change in allele frequencies
Stabilising
cytosine in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
Genome
transcription
50. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.
Hominid
Autosomes
Population
Sexual Selection