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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A pairing where the parent plants differ in only one character.






2. Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait. e.g Tt is the heterozygous genotype for Tall.






3. Natural disaster eliminates most of the population - members left contribute the alleles for the new population.






4. Evolution of the earth - which is hypothesized to have been formed over 4.6 billion years ago.






5. Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome






6. Change of an organism over time. This can be caused by changes in in habitat or need to adapt for survival.






7. Gene

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8. T or F a codon consist of three nucleotides






9. Separates DNA by size






10. Large - scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time






11. An evolutionary 'branch' and its daughter 'twigs'






12. Selection acting against the middle of a range of variation






13. A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells






14. Ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome






15. A process where the organisms that have traits that aid in its survival (adaptive traits) will reproduce to pass that trait to futher generations thus increasing the frequency of that trait in the population. Vice versa traits that reduce the chance






16. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.






17. Natural selection that causes the frequency of a particular allele to move in one direction






18. A copy of a gene is made during a process called this






19. Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest






20. Uses metamorphic or igneous rock - calculates the age of an object by assessing the amount of radioactive element still present in the organism. Radioactive elements are slowly lost over time because of decay.






21. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids






22. Mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual






23. Type of sympatric speciation that occurs when a new species is formed because of a change in microhabitats






24. Periods of rapid evolution punctuated by periods of little change






25. Is the genetic makeup of an organism (TT or Tt) ; All the combinations of genes you have for a certain trait.






26. Change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated






27. Any indirect evidence of life preserved as an impression in rock; trails - footprints - tracks - burrows - and bite marks






28. Evolution of superficial phenotypic similarity of form as a result of similar selection pressures






29. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






30. Are noncoding sequences in the gene that are removed from RNA after transcription






31. The signal on a mRNA molecule that designates the end of the coding sequence is called the...






32. Found only in that country






33. Of a cell or organism having two sets of homologous chromosomes or twice the haploid number






34. The condition in which there is no change in allele frequencies from generation to generation (i.e. no evolution)






35. Similar embryological structures in different species - such as gill slits - may demonstrate that these species share a common ancestor.






36. process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.






37. Building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)






38. Transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome






39. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat






40. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations






41. Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population






42. Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian - Paleozoic - Mesozoic - and Cenozoic






43. Predicts the possible outcome of a genetic cross.






44. Relatively rapid proliferation from an ancestral type into new types which fill a diversity of ecological niches






45. Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis involves growth and repair and occurs in the body cells.






46. Inherited feature that tends to prevent species from interbreeding with other species






47. A DNA double helix is held together in the center by between nitrogenous bases






48. Organisms with a similar underlying structure - but different function. Example: bird - bat and dolphin 'arm'. Shows a common ancestral link.






49. A point of overlap of paired chromatids at which fusion and exchange of genetic material (crossing over) occurs during prophase I of meiosis.






50. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid