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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.






2. Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed






3. Name for oism with one dominant and one recessive allele






4. A base found in DNA (but not in RNA). This base pairs with Adenine.






5. Natural disaster eliminates most of the population - members left contribute the alleles for the new population.






6. How often a particular gene occurs in the population






7. Three dimensional shape of organism made from a mold. May be created with plaster or over time with minerals.






8. When zygote does not complete development or is physically weaker than normal






9. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






10. Gene

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11. DNA is made of...






12. Any indirect evidence of life preserved as an impression in rock; trails - footprints - tracks - burrows - and bite marks






13. The type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs






14. Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring






15. Building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)






16. A trait that masks the expression of another trait






17. Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes






18. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid






19. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.






20. Organisms with a similar underlying structure - but different function. Example: bird - bat and dolphin 'arm'. Shows a common ancestral link.






21. All the genes in a population. genes are added by reproduction and immigration and lost by death and emigration






22. Form of reproductive isolation in which tere are differences in species courtship behavior






23. An episode of large - scale extinction affecting many different groups of organisms within a short period of time






24. A combining of genes or characters different from what they were in the parents






25. Another term for pure breeding






26. Type of sympatric speciation that occurs when a new species is formed because of a change in microhabitats






27. Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring






28. Organ that serves no useful function in an organism






29. Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next






30. Era of recent life that began about 66 million years ago and continues today; includes the first appearance Hominids






31. Features of different species tat are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and in which the similarity is not the result of common ancestry






32. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. This base pairs with Cytosine in DNA






33. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids






34. Change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated






35. Selection acting against the extremes of a range of variation - resulting in resistance to change in allele frequencies






36. A genetic crosses that involve one trait. e.g TT plant crossed with tt plant has offspring who are heterozygous Tt.






37. Geologic period that followed the Precambrian;means 'ancient life' - early life (570-286 million years ago); single cell organisms - shells - mollusks - rise of first vertebrates - rise of land plants - amphibians - insects - seed plants - and trees






38. Used x ray cyrstallography to create an image of DNA






39. All the factors in an organism's surroundings that can potentially affect it






40. Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome






41. Different alleles for a gene






42. Deoxyribonucleic acid carries the genetic code for the proper functioning of an organism. It is composed of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) four bases Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine and Guanine. the sugar is bonded to a phosphate group. This forms a long






43. The molecules responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis are






44. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations






45. In the event of a sperm fertilizing an egg of another species - mechanisms that prevent result being fruitful






46. The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis






47. The specific location of a gene on a chromosome






48. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.






49. Individual that is heterozygous for two traits; shows the phenotype governed by the dominant alleles but carries the recessive alleles






50. The study of the structures of different organisms - looking at homologous parts







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