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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The formation of new species as a result of evolution






2. Different alleles for a gene






3. Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis involves growth and repair and occurs in the body cells.






4. Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed






5. A DNA double helix is held together in the center by between nitrogenous bases






6. A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilises on a particular trait value






7. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






8. The study of the structures of different organisms - looking at homologous parts






9. process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.






10. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






11. A limb with five digits (fingers)






12. Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian - Paleozoic - Mesozoic - and Cenozoic






13. A geographic gradient in the extent to which a character is developed in a species






14. Natural selection that causes the frequency of a particular allele to move in one direction






15. Consists of all genes - including all the different alleles - that are present in a population






16. Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population






17. Another term for pure breeding






18. Two alternative forms of a gene e.g Tall vs Short






19. The movement of genes between populations as a result of mating of migration






20. Used x ray cyrstallography to create an image of DNA






21. Describes the isolation of a physical barrier e.g. body of water (ocean) or mountains






22. Cell division that produces reproductive cells or gamates.This occurs in the gonads (testicle and ovaries in animals) Here the chromosome number is halved the original amount. (each new cell has a haploid number = n) All daughter cells are not geneti






23. It means chromosomes are paired. One of each chromosome in a pair originates from the father and one from the mother. They affect the same trait - but don't necessarily cause the same expression of the trait.






24. A codon is made of...






25. A trait that masks the expression of another trait






26. A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells






27. Three dimensional shape of organism made from a mold. May be created with plaster or over time with minerals.






28. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.






29. How often a particular gene occurs in the population






30. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.






31. One of the types of fossils made from hardened tree resin. Preserves both hard and soft parts.






32. Process by which an organism is slowly turned to stone as the body is replaced by minerals.






33. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide






34. Natural disaster eliminates most of the population - members left contribute the alleles for the new population.






35. Process by which a ribosome uses the code on mRNA to make proteins






36. Identical alleles for a gene






37. Embryos of similar organisms have very similar early development indicating similar DNA at work






38. Uses metamorphic or igneous rock - calculates the age of an object by assessing the amount of radioactive element still present in the organism. Radioactive elements are slowly lost over time because of decay.






39. Disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range






40. The movement of individuals into an area






41. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.






42. Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome






43. Form of reproductive isolation in which tere are differences in species courtship behavior






44. To create a recombinant DNA molecule - one would have to first cut two DNAs with creating before pasting them together






45. shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.






46. A body cell






47. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive






48. When chromosome is changed by radiation and chemicals - results a permanent structural change in the chromosome - which will no longer be able to pair with its homologous pair. Eg - deletion - duplication - inversion and translocation.






49. Large - scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time






50. The adaptive increase in pigmentation as a result of human - induced pollutants