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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Periods of rapid evolution punctuated by periods of little change






2. The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events






3. Disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range






4. Geologic period that followed the Precambrian;means 'ancient life' - early life (570-286 million years ago); single cell organisms - shells - mollusks - rise of first vertebrates - rise of land plants - amphibians - insects - seed plants - and trees






5. The signal on a mRNA molecule that designates the end of the coding sequence is called the...






6. Deoxyribonucleic acid carries the genetic code for the proper functioning of an organism. It is composed of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) four bases Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine and Guanine. the sugar is bonded to a phosphate group. This forms a long






7. Type of sympatric speciation that occurs when a new species is formed because of a change in microhabitats






8. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide






9. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






10. Form of reproductive isolation in which tere are differences in species courtship behavior






11. It means chromosomes are paired. One of each chromosome in a pair originates from the father and one from the mother. They affect the same trait - but don't necessarily cause the same expression of the trait.






12. When F1 is fully fertile but F2 has low fertility (rice - cotton)






13. An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration. This is a result of crossing over of the chromosomes during Meiosis - mutations and random segregation.






14. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat






15. What is one benefit for having two strands of DNA?






16. Method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new






17. An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common






18. Shows how the embryos of different groups resemble each other at particular stages. Similarities indicate groups may share a common ancestor






19. When a few individuals become isolated from a larger population - this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool is different from their source population.






20. A unique combination of traits that are passed down from one generation to another.






21. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids






22. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






23. A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilises on a particular trait value






24. Natural selection that causes the frequency of a particular allele to move in one direction






25. Selection acting against the middle of a range of variation






26. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






27. The sum total of an organism's requirements; its way of life






28. A process where the organisms that have traits that aid in its survival (adaptive traits) will reproduce to pass that trait to futher generations thus increasing the frequency of that trait in the population. Vice versa traits that reduce the chance






29. Process by which an organism is slowly turned to stone as the body is replaced by minerals.






30. Types of rocks formed after exposure to very high heat. Because of the high temperatures - fossils are not able to be recovered from these types of rocks. Absolute or radioactive dating is possible - however.






31. Visual expression of a trait






32. The complete genetic material contained in an individual






33. Recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences usually palindromes






34. The enzyme that binds to the promoter region of a gene during transcription is called...






35. Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes






36. A change in the base sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of new alleles






37. Selection for the ability to obtain a mate






38. A process that results in an allele having a different probability of remaining in the gene pool compared with that of another allele






39. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.






40. A distinct population of a species that varies from other populations of the same species.






41. How often a form of a gene appears in a gene pool






42. Any indirect evidence of life preserved as an impression in rock; trails - footprints - tracks - burrows - and bite marks






43. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations






44. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive






45. When chromosome is changed by radiation and chemicals - results a permanent structural change in the chromosome - which will no longer be able to pair with its homologous pair. Eg - deletion - duplication - inversion and translocation.






46. It is the time from when the Earth formed and simple life - forms evolved (and it is the longest era)






47. DNA that is coiled around proteins






48. Building block of a protein






49. Because of base pairing in DNA the amount of






50. During transcription an RNA molecule is formed