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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new






2. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.






3. Form of reproductive isolation in which structural differences in the anatomy of reproductive organs prevent sperm transfer between individuals of different species






4. Different alleles for a gene






5. A nucleotide of RNA is made of...






6. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






7. The study of the past and present distribution of species.






8. When F1 is fully fertile but F2 has low fertility (rice - cotton)






9. Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis involves growth and repair and occurs in the body cells.






10. 2 alleles for a character separate during the formation of gametes - so that each gamete only carriers one allele for each character

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11. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid






12. Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed






13. Molecules that join together to form DNA and RNA. Monomers that make up a nucleic acid






14. The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events






15. Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome






16. Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes






17. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. Cytosine pairs with Guanine in DNA






18. The reduction of a population - typically by a natural disaster - such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.






19. Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome






20. Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian - Paleozoic - Mesozoic - and Cenozoic






21. Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. e.g TT is the homozygous genotype for Tall.






22. A taxon originating from and including a single common ancestor






23. It is the time from when the Earth formed and simple life - forms evolved (and it is the longest era)






24. Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest






25. Genes contain instructions for assembling






26. Two alternative forms of a gene e.g Tall vs Short






27. The comparison of the structures of different organisms






28. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






29. Hybrid is sterile so biologically unfit






30. One of the types of fossils made from hardened tree resin. Preserves both hard and soft parts.






31. During transcription an RNA molecule is formed






32. Reciprocal evolution in two species as a result of the selection pressure each imposes upon the other






33. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. This base pairs with Cytosine in DNA






34. Innate trait; shared ancestry






35. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






36. Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population






37. The structure on a tRNA molecule that allows it interact with an mRNA molecule






38. The offspring of a cross between two inbred lines within a single species. May also refer to the offspring of across between two species






39. Organism is preserved at very low temperatures. Preservation of both hard and soft parts can occur.






40. Change of an organism over time. This can be caused by changes in in habitat or need to adapt for survival.






41. Mutation where an extra base is added






42. Geologic period that followed the Precambrian;means 'ancient life' - early life (570-286 million years ago); single cell organisms - shells - mollusks - rise of first vertebrates - rise of land plants - amphibians - insects - seed plants - and trees






43. Proteins are made of...






44. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.






45. Organisms with similar functions - but different underlying structure. Example: bird and insect wing. These structures do NOT show a common ancestral link.






46. Copying the code from DNA onto mRNA






47. Relatively rapid proliferation from an ancestral type into new types which fill a diversity of ecological niches






48. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations






49. A change in the base sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of new alleles






50. The capacity of an individual of certain genotype to reproduce. It is usually equal to the proportion of the individual's genes in all the genes of the next generation