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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inherited feature that tends to prevent species from interbreeding with other species






2. Genes contain instructions for assembling






3. Era of recent life that began about 66 million years ago and continues today; includes the first appearance Hominids






4. Evolution of the earth - which is hypothesized to have been formed over 4.6 billion years ago.






5. Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring






6. The comparison of the structures of different organisms






7. Deoxyribonucleic acid carries the genetic code for the proper functioning of an organism. It is composed of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) four bases Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine and Guanine. the sugar is bonded to a phosphate group. This forms a long






8. Consists of all genes - including all the different alleles - that are present in a population






9. What does DNA stand for...






10. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






11. The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism. e.g. Tt plant will still be tall. Where T is the dominant trait for tall and t is the recessive trait for small.






12. Dna moves during electrophoresis because of...






13. The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis






14. These prevent fertilization between species e.g. diff breeding season - mating behaviour






15. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






16. Used radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material - by demonstrating that it is DNA that is injected by bacteriophages into bacterial cells during infection






17. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations






18. A taxon originating from and including a single common ancestor






19. Closely related species occupying different habitats - niches preventing them from interbreeding






20. Embryos of similar organisms have very similar early development indicating similar DNA at work






21. Any indirect evidence of life preserved as an impression in rock; trails - footprints - tracks - burrows - and bite marks






22. Ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome






23. Mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual






24. A geographic gradient in the extent to which a character is developed in a species






25. The sum total of an organism's requirements; its way of life






26. Predicts the possible outcome of a genetic cross.






27. Individual that is heterozygous for two traits; shows the phenotype governed by the dominant alleles but carries the recessive alleles






28. Three dimensional shape of organism made from a mold. May be created with plaster or over time with minerals.






29. Two alternative forms of a gene e.g Tall vs Short






30. Periods of rapid evolution punctuated by periods of little change






31. A body cell






32. The environmental factors that favour certain phenotypes






33. The backbone of DNA consist of...






34. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






35. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide






36. The capacity of an individual of certain genotype to reproduce. It is usually equal to the proportion of the individual's genes in all the genes of the next generation






37. Transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome






38. The offspring of a cross between two inbred lines within a single species. May also refer to the offspring of across between two species






39. The reduction of a population - typically by a natural disaster - such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.






40. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.






41. Organ no longer serves a function






42. Even if the gametes of the two species meet - fertilization does not occur






43. Layers of compressed sedimentary rock demonstrate the order or sequence at which events occurred. Cannot delineate the exact point of time - but is able to distinguish the order of events.






44. Pea plants






45. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive






46. Nucleotides that control which amino acids are added during protein synthesis






47. Describes the isolation of a physical barrier e.g. body of water (ocean) or mountains






48. A DNA double helix is held together in the center by between nitrogenous bases






49. A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area.






50. You mate the unknown genotype with an organism showing the recessive trait. If any of the offspring show the recessive trait - the original unknown parent was heterozygous. If no recessive trats show up - the original parent was homozygous.