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CSET Genetics And Evolution
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Subjects
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cset
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science
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genetics
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Because of base pairing in DNA the amount of
Evolution
embryological evidence
Extinction
cytosine in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
2. Evolution of superficial phenotypic similarity of form as a result of similar selection pressures
Vestigial organs
DNA fingerprint
Convergent Evolution
mRNA
3. A base found in DNA (but not in RNA). This base pairs with Adenine.
Thymine
Monophyletic
Dihybrid Cross
Heterozygote
4. Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. e.g TT is the homozygous genotype for Tall.
Endemic
Heterozygous
Vestigial structure
Homozygous
5. Building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)
nucleotide
Molecular biology
Cast
Meiosis
6. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles
index fossil
Genotype
Selection pressure
Autosomes
7. How often a particular gene occurs in the population
Gene mutation
Adaptive Radiation
Gene frequency
Cast
8. The comparison of the structures of different organisms
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
Comparative anatomy
Fitness
Substitution
9. Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Allele
Fitness
Reproductive Isolation
Character Displacement
10. Are noncoding sequences in the gene that are removed from RNA after transcription
Clade
embryological evidence
introns
Ring Species
11. Middle life (245-144 million years ago); rise of mammals and dinosaurs; the rise of birds; extinction of dinosaurs - rise of flowering plants
Insertion
translation
Mass Extinction
Mesozoic era
12. Evolutionary process in which a species or related species folllow different evolutionary paths to eventually become less related
Homozygote
Translocation
Homozygous
Divergent Evolution
13. Relatively rapid proliferation from an ancestral type into new types which fill a diversity of ecological niches
Isolating Mechanism
analogous (Evolution Evidence)
Adaptive Radiation
Translocation
14. Change of an organism over time. This can be caused by changes in in habitat or need to adapt for survival.
Environment
Genome
Evolution
Cytosine
15. In the event of a sperm fertilizing an egg of another species - mechanisms that prevent result being fruitful
Post -zygotic Mechanisms
Heterozygous
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
Adaptation
16. An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration. This is a result of crossing over of the chromosomes during Meiosis - mutations and random segregation.
Hybrid Breakdown
Speciation
Directional Selection
Variation
17. Is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Autosomes
Molecular biology
Phenotype
Migration
18. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.
Hybrid
Environment
Phenotype
Allele Frequency
19. Selection against one end of a range of variation - resulting in a progressive change in allele frequency
Directional Selection
restriction enzymes - sticky ends
Ecological (habitat) Isolation
RNA polymerase
20. Is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. This is because the sequence of bases code for certain proteins.
Gene
Sex Chromosomes
Relative dating
Bottleneck Effect
21. Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
Species
Testcross
Homologous pair
Reproductive Isolation
22. Predicts the possible outcome of a genetic cross.
Adaptive Radiation
Bottle neck effect
Alleles
Punnett Square
23. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.
Adaptive Radiation
homologous (Evolution Evidence)
RNA polymerase
Dominant
24. Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
Industrial Melanism
Chromosomes
Sexual Selection
Mate Selection
25. DNA that is coiled around proteins
Crossing over
mutation
Homologous Structures
chromatin
26. A change or error in the DNA sequence
Mate Selection
Adaptive Radiation
embryological evidence
mutation
27. Trait evolves overtime; NO common ancestry
Phenotype
Homologous pair
analogous (Evolution Evidence)
Chromatid
28. A distinct population of a species that varies from other populations of the same species.
Cast
Environment
Sub - species
Ice
29. The study of the structures of different organisms - looking at homologous parts
Endemic
Mendel's traits are now called _____ found on DNA
Hybrid
Comparative Anatomy
30. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide
Substitution
tRNA
Fossil
Reproductive Isolation
31. The number of times an allele appears in a population
Chargaff
Migration
Allele Frequency
Extinction
32. Another name for a gene
Cenozoic era
Allopatric Speciation
Population
Allele
33. T or F If a nucleic acid contain uracil it is DNA
Phyletic Gradualism (anagenesis)
Sub - species
False RNA
Homozygous
34. When zygote does not complete development or is physically weaker than normal
NIche Isolation
Coevolution
Hybrid Inviability
Pentadactyl limb
35. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid
Gene mutation
Allopatric Speciation
codon
Test Cross
36. A unique combination of traits that are passed down from one generation to another.
cytoplasm
Speciation
Heritable variation
Population
37. Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
Geographical Isolation
Comparative Anatomy
Natural Selection
Founder effect
38. Two alternative forms of a gene e.g Tall vs Short
Alleles
Punctuated Equilibrium
Clade
mRNA
39. DNA is made of...
homologous (Evolution Evidence)
genes
nucleotides
Alleles
40. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.
Endemic
Adaptation
cytosine in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
Bottleneck Effect
41. Visual expression of a trait
Character Displacement
Phenotype
Genetic Equilibrium
Comparative Embryology
42. Describes a cell - nucleus - or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes
Bottle neck effect
Haploid/Monoploid
NIche Isolation
Histone
43. Uses metamorphic or igneous rock - calculates the age of an object by assessing the amount of radioactive element still present in the organism. Radioactive elements are slowly lost over time because of decay.
Homologous pair
translation
Gene mutation
Absolute dating
44. An equilibrium in the occurence of two or more different froms within the same population usually caused by different allele combiinations of a gene
Mendel's Principle of Segregation
Balanced Polymorphism
Genome
Immigration
45. A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells
Histone
trace fossils
Species
Ecological Barrier
46. Any agent that can cause a change in DNA
anticodon
Mutagen
NIche Isolation
Comparative Embryology
47. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations
Independent assortment
Phyletic Gradualism (anagenesis)
Translocation
Precambrian era
48. Science dealing with DNA and protein synthesis of living organisms. Manipulation of DNA.
Molecular biology
transcription
Population
Mitosis
49. An evolutionary 'branch' and its daughter 'twigs'
Microevolution
Phenotype
Clade
amino acid
50. Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times
Ecological Barrier
gel electrophoresis
Temporal Isolation
Dominant
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