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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Describes the isolation of a physical barrier e.g. body of water (ocean) or mountains






2. T or F a codon consist of three nucleotides






3. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






4. Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest






5. Is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. This is because the sequence of bases code for certain proteins.






6. Genes contain instructions for assembling






7. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.






8. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat






9. Process in which DNA is duplicated






10. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.






11. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.






12. Uses metamorphic or igneous rock - calculates the age of an object by assessing the amount of radioactive element still present in the organism. Radioactive elements are slowly lost over time because of decay.






13. Determined the complete double helical structure of DNA






14. Determined the concept of complementary base pairing






15. Any agent that can cause a change in DNA






16. When chromosome is changed by radiation and chemicals - results a permanent structural change in the chromosome - which will no longer be able to pair with its homologous pair. Eg - deletion - duplication - inversion and translocation.






17. You mate the unknown genotype with an organism showing the recessive trait. If any of the offspring show the recessive trait - the original unknown parent was heterozygous. If no recessive trats show up - the original parent was homozygous.






18. Is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.






19. Inherited feature that tends to prevent species from interbreeding with other species






20. Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population






21. The final product of transcription is...






22. Hybrid is sterile so biologically unfit






23. A change in the base sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of new alleles






24. Visual expression of a trait






25. A codon is made of...






26. Layers of compressed sedimentary rock demonstrate the order or sequence at which events occurred. Cannot delineate the exact point of time - but is able to distinguish the order of events.






27. A taxon originating from and including a single common ancestor






28. Method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new






29. Selection acting against the middle of a range of variation






30. Periods of rapid evolution punctuated by periods of little change






31. Pea plants






32. Disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range






33. Mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual






34. Mating of 2 oism that differ in 2 characters






35. A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilises on a particular trait value






36. Era of recent life that began about 66 million years ago and continues today; includes the first appearance Hominids






37. Evolution of the earth - which is hypothesized to have been formed over 4.6 billion years ago.






38. A copy of a gene is made during a process called this






39. Identical alleles for a gene






40. Copying the code from DNA onto mRNA






41. Process by which one species gives rise to two or more species






42. Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring






43. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






44. The backbone of DNA consist of...






45. Reciprocal evolution in two species as a result of the selection pressure each imposes upon the other






46. Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. e.g TT is the homozygous genotype for Tall.






47. A genetic crosses that involve one trait. e.g TT plant crossed with tt plant has offspring who are heterozygous Tt.






48. A small simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism. It is also a cell






49. 2 alleles for a character separate during the formation of gametes - so that each gamete only carriers one allele for each character

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50. The enzyme that binds to the promoter region of a gene during transcription is called...