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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat






2. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive






3. Copying the code from DNA onto mRNA






4. Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome






5. Is a trait that is more expressed than another trait. Is written in capital letters for Genotype. E.g Tall genotype is TT or Tt where T is the allele for tall trait and t is the trait for small. T will be expressed more.






6. A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area.






7. Ribosomes are made of...






8. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






9. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






10. Individual that is heterozygous for two traits; shows the phenotype governed by the dominant alleles but carries the recessive alleles






11. The specific location of a gene on a chromosome






12. A genetic crosses that involve one trait. e.g TT plant crossed with tt plant has offspring who are heterozygous Tt.






13. The adaptive increase in pigmentation as a result of human - induced pollutants






14. The reduction of a population - typically by a natural disaster - such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.






15. Building block of a protein






16. What is one benefit for having two strands of DNA?






17. Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits






18. Features of different species tat are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and in which the similarity is not the result of common ancestry






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid carries the genetic code for the proper functioning of an organism. It is composed of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) four bases Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine and Guanine. the sugar is bonded to a phosphate group. This forms a long






20. Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes






21. The backbone of DNA consist of...






22. Any preserved remains of an organism from the past. Usually found in sedimentary rock.






23. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






24. Closely related species occupying different habitats - niches preventing them from interbreeding






25. Because of base pairing in DNA the amount of






26. Human - like species that existed millions of years ago as witnessed through fossil evidence.






27. The number of times an allele appears in a population






28. A base found in DNA (but not in RNA). This base pairs with Adenine.






29. Selection acting against the middle of a range of variation






30. Type of sympatric speciation that occurs when a new species is formed because of a change in microhabitats






31. The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events






32. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.






33. Visual expression of a trait






34. Selection acting against the extremes of a range of variation - resulting in resistance to change in allele frequencies






35. The movement of individuals into an area






36. A trait that masks the expression of another trait






37. Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait. e.g Tt is the heterozygous genotype for Tall.






38. The environmental factors that favour certain phenotypes






39. A copy of a gene is made during a process called this






40. A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilises on a particular trait value






41. 2 alleles for a character separate during the formation of gametes - so that each gamete only carriers one allele for each character

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42. An equilibrium in the occurence of two or more different froms within the same population usually caused by different allele combiinations of a gene






43. Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. e.g TT is the homozygous genotype for Tall.






44. Evolution of the earth - which is hypothesized to have been formed over 4.6 billion years ago.






45. Describes the existence of a prezygotic reproductive barrier between two species as a result of them occupying or breeding in different habitats within the same general geographical area






46. Natural selection that causes the frequency of a particular allele to move in one direction






47. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.






48. The sum total of an organism's requirements; its way of life






49. Pea plants






50. How often a form of a gene appears in a gene pool