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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A nucleotide of RNA is made of...






2. Building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)






3. DNA that is coiled around proteins






4. Building block of a protein






5. A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells






6. Are noncoding sequences in the gene that are removed from RNA after transcription






7. Used radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material - by demonstrating that it is DNA that is injected by bacteriophages into bacterial cells during infection






8. Two alternative forms of a gene e.g Tall vs Short






9. Relatively rapid proliferation from an ancestral type into new types which fill a diversity of ecological niches






10. Process by which one species gives rise to two or more species






11. Large - scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time






12. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. In DNA its partner is Thymine. In RNA its partner is Uracil






13. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. Cytosine pairs with Guanine in DNA






14. Heteros have a phenotype tintertmediate b/t phenotypes of the 2 homoz






15. In the event of a sperm fertilizing an egg of another species - mechanisms that prevent result being fruitful






16. Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome






17. An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration. This is a result of crossing over of the chromosomes during Meiosis - mutations and random segregation.






18. Organ no longer serves a function






19. Natural selection that causes the frequency of a particular allele to move in one direction






20. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






21. A point of overlap of paired chromatids at which fusion and exchange of genetic material (crossing over) occurs during prophase I of meiosis.






22. The condition in which there is no change in allele frequencies from generation to generation (i.e. no evolution)






23. When competition causes two closely related species to become more different in regions where their ranges overlap






24. Another term for pure breeding






25. Form of reproductive isolation in which structural differences in the anatomy of reproductive organs prevent sperm transfer between individuals of different species






26. Translation occurs in the...






27. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






28. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.






29. Deoxyribonucleic acid carries the genetic code for the proper functioning of an organism. It is composed of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) four bases Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine and Guanine. the sugar is bonded to a phosphate group. This forms a long






30. Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits






31. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive






32. The final product of transcription is...






33. shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.






34. Structures in different but related species that are derived from the same ancestral structure but now serve different purposes.






35. Change of an organism over time. This can be caused by changes in in habitat or need to adapt for survival.






36. Is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.






37. T or F a codon consist of three nucleotides






38. A combining of genes or characters different from what they were in the parents






39. Which structure contains anticodons






40. Science dealing with DNA and protein synthesis of living organisms. Manipulation of DNA.






41. The independant evolution of similar traits - starting from a similar ancestral condition






42. When chromosome is changed by radiation and chemicals - results a permanent structural change in the chromosome - which will no longer be able to pair with its homologous pair. Eg - deletion - duplication - inversion and translocation.






43. Is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. This is because the sequence of bases code for certain proteins.






44. The banding pattern of a persons DNA after being cut and run on gel is called






45. Even if the gametes of the two species meet - fertilization does not occur






46. Evolutionary process in which a species or related species folllow different evolutionary paths to eventually become less related






47. Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. e.g TT is the homozygous genotype for Tall.






48. One of the types of fossils made from hardened tree resin. Preserves both hard and soft parts.






49. Describes a cell - nucleus - or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes






50. The movement of genes between populations as a result of mating of migration