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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structures in different but related species that are derived from the same ancestral structure but now serve different purposes.






2. Different alleles for a gene






3. Is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.






4. When F1 is fully fertile but F2 has low fertility (rice - cotton)






5. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide






6. Similar DNA sequences or protein structures (such as hemoglobin) may link different species to a similar ancestor.






7. Ribosomes are made of...






8. Periods of little adaptive change






9. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






10. The adaptive increase in pigmentation as a result of human - induced pollutants






11. Is the genetic makeup of an organism (TT or Tt) ; All the combinations of genes you have for a certain trait.






12. Another name for a gene






13. Selection acting against the middle of a range of variation






14. Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait. e.g Tt is the heterozygous genotype for Tall.






15. The molecules responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis are






16. The study of the past and present distribution of species.






17. Building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)






18. Describes a cell - nucleus - or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes






19. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






20. A pairing where the parent plants differ in only one character.






21. The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism. e.g. Tt plant will still be tall. Where T is the dominant trait for tall and t is the recessive trait for small.






22. Name for oism with one dominant and one recessive allele






23. Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome






24. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.






25. The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past






26. Used x ray cyrstallography to create an image of DNA






27. Reciprocal evolution in two species as a result of the selection pressure each imposes upon the other






28. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes better suited to its niche.






29. The enzyme that binds to the promoter region of a gene during transcription is called...






30. An equilibrium in the occurence of two or more different froms within the same population usually caused by different allele combiinations of a gene






31. You mate the unknown genotype with an organism showing the recessive trait. If any of the offspring show the recessive trait - the original unknown parent was heterozygous. If no recessive trats show up - the original parent was homozygous.






32. Is active during transcription






33. Is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. This is because the sequence of bases code for certain proteins.






34. A point of overlap of paired chromatids at which fusion and exchange of genetic material (crossing over) occurs during prophase I of meiosis.






35. Process in which DNA is duplicated






36. Features of different species tat are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and in which the similarity is not the result of common ancestry






37. Describes the existence of a prezygotic reproductive barrier between two species as a result of them occupying or breeding in different habitats within the same general geographical area






38. Found only in that country






39. A type of barrier between species; the species remain isolated because male and femal gametes of the different species cannot fuse - or they die before they unite.






40. During transcription an RNA molecule is formed






41. Features that are superficially similar but have different modes of development






42. The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events






43. Used radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material - by demonstrating that it is DNA that is injected by bacteriophages into bacterial cells during infection






44. A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area.






45. Any agent that can cause a change in DNA






46. An episode of large - scale extinction affecting many different groups of organisms within a short period of time






47. A geographic gradient in the extent to which a character is developed in a species






48. Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next






49. The backbone of DNA consist of...






50. Method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new