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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. e.g TT is the homozygous genotype for Tall.






2. Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits






3. Describes the isolation of a physical barrier e.g. body of water (ocean) or mountains






4. A combining of genes or characters different from what they were in the parents






5. The final product of transcription is...






6. A change or error in the DNA sequence






7. Chromosomes are collections of many






8. The enzyme that binds to the promoter region of a gene during transcription is called...






9. A nucleotide of RNA is made of...






10. Cell division that produces reproductive cells or gamates.This occurs in the gonads (testicle and ovaries in animals) Here the chromosome number is halved the original amount. (each new cell has a haploid number = n) All daughter cells are not geneti






11. Building block of a nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)






12. Identical alleles for a gene






13. Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes






14. DNA that is coiled around proteins






15. An equilibrium in the occurence of two or more different froms within the same population usually caused by different allele combiinations of a gene






16. An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common






17. The formation of new species as a result of evolution






18. Trait evolves overtime; NO common ancestry






19. Type of rock made from small pieces of other rocks and organisms pressed together. Source of fossil preservation. Limited radioactive or absolute dating potential.






20. Copying the code from DNA onto mRNA






21. Structures in different but related species that are derived from the same ancestral structure but now serve different purposes.






22. When a few individuals become isolated from a larger population - this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool is different from their source population.






23. Is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat






24. Embryos of similar organisms have very similar early development indicating similar DNA at work






25. Inherited feature that tends to prevent species from interbreeding with other species






26. Evolutionary process in which a species or related species folllow different evolutionary paths to eventually become less related






27. The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events






28. It is the time from when the Earth formed and simple life - forms evolved (and it is the longest era)






29. Building block of a protein






30. Mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual






31. When chromosome is changed by radiation and chemicals - results a permanent structural change in the chromosome - which will no longer be able to pair with its homologous pair. Eg - deletion - duplication - inversion and translocation.






32. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.






33. The independant evolution of similar traits - starting from a similar ancestral condition






34. Reciprocal evolution in two species as a result of the selection pressure each imposes upon the other






35. The environmental factors that favour certain phenotypes






36. Evolution of living things - based on evidence from the past and present.






37. A change in the base sequence of a gene






38. Any preserved remains of an organism from the past. Usually found in sedimentary rock.






39. Even if the gametes of the two species meet - fertilization does not occur






40. Selection acting against the extremes of a range of variation - resulting in resistance to change in allele frequencies






41. A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area.






42. Layers of compressed sedimentary rock demonstrate the order or sequence at which events occurred. Cannot delineate the exact point of time - but is able to distinguish the order of events.






43. Three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid






44. A process where the organisms that have traits that aid in its survival (adaptive traits) will reproduce to pass that trait to futher generations thus increasing the frequency of that trait in the population. Vice versa traits that reduce the chance






45. A DNA double helix is held together in the center by between nitrogenous bases






46. Used radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material - by demonstrating that it is DNA that is injected by bacteriophages into bacterial cells during infection






47. How often a particular gene occurs in the population






48. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. This base pairs with Cytosine in DNA






49. Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis involves growth and repair and occurs in the body cells.






50. A taxon originating from and including a single common ancestor