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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical characteristics of an organism based on its genotype. e.g. Plant that has a genotype of TT will have a phenotype of Tall.






2. A small simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism. It is also a cell






3. Large - scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time






4. Messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome






5. Different alleles for a gene






6. A copy of a gene is made during a process called this






7. An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common






8. A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilises on a particular trait value






9. Form of reproductive isolation in which structural differences in the anatomy of reproductive organs prevent sperm transfer between individuals of different species






10. Similar DNA sequences or protein structures (such as hemoglobin) may link different species to a similar ancestor.






11. A group of organisms whose members are sufficiently alike to be able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring and who are unable to reproduce with other such groups






12. Nucleotides that control which amino acids are added during protein synthesis






13. The evolutionary history/geneology of a group of organisms (a tree thingy)






14. The complete genetic material contained in an individual






15. Consists of all genes - including all the different alleles - that are present in a population






16. Is the genetic makeup of an organism (TT or Tt) ; All the combinations of genes you have for a certain trait.






17. Change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated






18. Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes






19. The molecules responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis are






20. A mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide






21. Another name for a gene






22. A point of overlap of paired chromatids at which fusion and exchange of genetic material (crossing over) occurs during prophase I of meiosis.






23. A geographic gradient in the extent to which a character is developed in a species






24. Process in which DNA is duplicated






25. Transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome






26. Speciation which does not involve a period of geographical separation






27. A DNA double helix is held together in the center by between nitrogenous bases






28. An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration. This is a result of crossing over of the chromosomes during Meiosis - mutations and random segregation.






29. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. These are X for female and Y for male. The female egg is an X while the male sperm can be X or Y






30. All the factors in an organism's surroundings that can potentially affect it






31. The sum total of an organism's requirements; its way of life






32. Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes






33. Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information






34. These prevent fertilization between species e.g. diff breeding season - mating behaviour






35. Used radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus to determine that DNA is the genetic material - by demonstrating that it is DNA that is injected by bacteriophages into bacterial cells during infection






36. Determined the complete double helical structure of DNA






37. A body cell






38. A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area.






39. The movement of individuals into an area






40. Organisms with similar functions - but different underlying structure. Example: bird and insect wing. These structures do NOT show a common ancestral link.






41. A process that results in an allele having a different probability of remaining in the gene pool compared with that of another allele






42. A population partially isolated from other populations of the same species






43. Evolution of living things - based on evidence from the past and present.






44. The number of times an allele appears in a population






45. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






46. Organisms with a similar underlying structure - but different function. Example: bird - bat and dolphin 'arm'. Shows a common ancestral link.






47. Populations that can interbreed with neighboring populations but not with populations separated by larger geographical distances






48. Two alternative forms of a gene e.g Tall vs Short






49. Proteins are made of...






50. A fossil known to have lived in a particular geologic age that can be used to date the rock layer in which it is found