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CSET Genetics And Evolution

Subjects : cset, science, genetics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A model for the evolution of different froms over a long period of time but with only slight chchanges occring between successive generations






2. Similar DNA sequences or protein structures (such as hemoglobin) may link different species to a similar ancestor.






3. Cross where you cross unknown genotype with a recessive






4. An evolutionary 'branch' and its daughter 'twigs'






5. Ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome






6. Natural disaster eliminates most of the population - members left contribute the alleles for the new population.






7. Method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new






8. What is one benefit for having two strands of DNA?






9. A change or error in the DNA sequence






10. Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait. e.g Tt is the heterozygous genotype for Tall.






11. Similar embryological structures in different species - such as gill slits - may demonstrate that these species share a common ancestor.






12. Evolutionary process in which a species or related species folllow different evolutionary paths to eventually become less related






13. Is a base found in DNA and RNA. This base pairs with Cytosine in DNA






14. The reduction of a population - typically by a natural disaster - such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.






15. Molecules that join together to form DNA and RNA. Monomers that make up a nucleic acid






16. When competition causes two closely related species to become more different in regions where their ranges overlap






17. Structures in different but related species that are derived from the same ancestral structure but now serve different purposes.






18. The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events






19. Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. e.g TT is the homozygous genotype for Tall.






20. Large - scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time






21. Structure present in an organism however does NOT have a known function. May link organisms with similar vestigial structures. Example: appendix - coccyx bone - whale leg bones.






22. Mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual






23. Genes contain instructions for assembling






24. One of the types of fossils made from hardened tree resin. Preserves both hard and soft parts.






25. Three dimensional shape of organism made from a mold. May be created with plaster or over time with minerals.






26. Change of an organism over time. This can be caused by changes in in habitat or need to adapt for survival.






27. The banding pattern of a persons DNA after being cut and run on gel is called






28. Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes






29. Types of rocks formed after exposure to very high heat. Because of the high temperatures - fossils are not able to be recovered from these types of rocks. Absolute or radioactive dating is possible - however.






30. An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration. This is a result of crossing over of the chromosomes during Meiosis - mutations and random segregation.






31. Organisms with similar functions - but different underlying structure. Example: bird and insect wing. These structures do NOT show a common ancestral link.






32. Gene

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33. The inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism. e.g. Tt plant will still be tall. Where T is the dominant trait for tall and t is the recessive trait for small.






34. Middle life (245-144 million years ago); rise of mammals and dinosaurs; the rise of birds; extinction of dinosaurs - rise of flowering plants






35. Describes the existence of a prezygotic reproductive barrier between two species as a result of them occupying or breeding in different habitats within the same general geographical area






36. Trait where heterozygous is a blending of two alleles






37. Individual that is heterozygous for two traits; shows the phenotype governed by the dominant alleles but carries the recessive alleles






38. All the factors in an organism's surroundings that can potentially affect it






39. Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information






40. Organism is preserved at very low temperatures. Preservation of both hard and soft parts can occur.






41. The complete genetic material contained in an individual






42. Transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome






43. Organ that serves no useful function in an organism






44. Change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated






45. Features of different species tat are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and in which the similarity is not the result of common ancestry






46. Evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies






47. The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past






48. Translation occurs in the...






49. The formation of new species as a result of evolution






50. The independant evolution of similar traits - starting from a similar ancestral condition