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CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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cset
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mother's age - Birth complications for younger & older mothers - Mother's nutrition
Games with rules play
Categories of Abuse
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
Ivan Pavlov
2. Children believe that their thoughts can cause actions whether or not the experiences have a casual relationship - when I move the clouds move - god moves - sun moves - wind currents move
Casual Reasoning
play - social - emotional
Equilibrium
Characteristics of neglect
3. Remember Zone of Proximal Development - what can they do on their own - what can they do with help
Goodness of fit
When assessing a child
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Erikson stage five
4. Environmental agents that can cause abnormalities in a fetus - Prevent or modify normal cell division - Danger - thus - greatest during embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
Egocentrism
fat - sugar
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
5. Piaget suggested that a child's mind seeks a ________________. At each stage - children form a new way to operate and adapt to the world.
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
State of equilibrium
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
play - social - emotional
6. Involves a given set of rules and declines around age 12 usually replaced with organized sports
Social Development
Games with rules play
Growth and Development - Infancy
John Watson
7. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
B.F. Skinner
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Operant conditioning
Patterns of attachment
8. 1. Secure Attachment 2. Anxious - Resistant Attachment 3. Anxious - Avoidant Attachment 4. Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Games with rules play
Patterns of attachment
Characteristics of neglect
Child's reaction to abuse
9. Think about thinking occurs in the concrete operations period - a child;s awareness of knowing about one's own knowledge
Inductive reasoning
Behavior modification
Metacognition
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
10. 12-18 years old - Puberty - Growth spurts and concomitant clumsiness
Mental Retardation
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Growth and Development - Infancy
Growth and Development - Adolescence
11. Match between a child's temperament and environment or demands on child - Ex: quiet child in boisterous family - Ex: active child in scholarly family >
Growth and Development - Infancy
Goodness of fit
Noam Chomsky
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
12. At about 18 months
Irreversibility
Constructive play
begining of imagination
How to help an abused child cope
13. Strongly improves child's problem - solving abilities - E.g. reading buddies
Rough - and - Tumble
Value of shared activity?
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Dyslexia
14. Varies greatly depending upon these factors: 1. The child 2. The experience 3. Its frequency 4. What is done about it
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15. Birth defects - Premature birth - Low birth weight - Neurological disturbances - High startle rate - Learning disabilities - Slowed motor development
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Noam Chomsky
Cognitive
Inductive reasoning
16. The infant becomes anxious before the caregiver leaves and is upset during their absence
begining of imagination
Anxious resistant attachment
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Social Development
17. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
Constructive play
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
3 essential elements of scaffolding
18. Drawing conclusions from specific examples to make a general conclusion - even when the conclusion is not accurate
Irreversibility
Inductive reasoning
Erikson stage five
When assessing a child
19. Play is a social activity children engage in just for...
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Its own sake
Growth and Development - Infancy
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
20. Mental structure in which childrens knowledge is ordered into
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Erikson stage one
begining of imagination
Schemas
21. Refers to the match between a child's temperament and environmental demands the child must deal with
Goodness of fit
Moral Development or Morality
basic groups of temperament
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
22. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Play therapy
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
23. The temporary support system from a teacher or older peer to support the child until the task can be mastered alone
Value of shared activity?
Egocentrism
Scaffolding
Categories of Abuse
24. Sensorimotor - preoperational - concrete operations - formal operations
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25. 1. release physical energy 2. gain mastery over their bodies 3. acquire new motor skills 4. form better relationships among peers 5. try out new social rules 6. advance cognitive development 7. practice and explore new competencies
Categories of Abuse
Effect of play
Diet - poor
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
26. Transformations in a child's thought - language - and intelligence. Theories: 1. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development 2. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development 3. Multi - theoretical perspectives of language - intelligence - and children with spe
Conventional
Cognitive Development
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
27. ndustry vs. Inferiority (6 years - puberty) - Mastering knowledge and intellectual skills - enthusiastic about learning - imagination - Inferiority if feelings of incompetence and unproductiveness arise. If inferiority out weights industry - low self
Child's cognitive ability
basic groups of temperament
Mental Retardation
Erikson stage four
28. Much of what we know about how children think feel and respond to the world come from him. His theory states that children predictable and orderly stages of cognitive development and at each stage they form a new way to operate and adapt to the world
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29. Ages 13 to adult in which morality is judged by abstract principles rather than existing rules that govern society and looking into oneself - Involves working out a personal code of ethics. Allows for the possibility of noncompliance with society's r
State of equilibrium
Postconventional
Rough and tumble play
Equilibrium
30. The tendency of the child to focus on only one piece of information at a time while disregarding all others
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
Centration
Accomodation
Classical conditioning
31. The way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to form a new cognitive structure - fitting the new knowledge into a template of existing schemes
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
Equilibrium
Assimilation
32. By understanding Piaget's stages of cognitive development - teachers can avoid presenting material in the classroom that is beyond the...
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33. Lack of parenting skills - Economic stressors - Lack of education - Repetition of generational family abuse
Some causes of child maltreatment
Social Development
Object permanence
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
34. Girls more fatty tissue than boys - Boys more muscle tissue - Height/weight about same - just distributed differently - Boys might tend to be slightly taller/heavier
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Noam Chomsky
Schemas
Teachers
35. Good way to evaluate child's body fat is to review their...
BMI (body mass index)
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Scaffolding
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
36. Collective set of inborn traits help to construct a child's approach to the world
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Temperament
Reasoning
Secure attachment
37. While 1 or 2 symptoms do not necessarily mean a child is abused - some common signs are...
Functional play
Anger - sadness
Secure Attachment
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
38. Through repetition (and based upon the child's experience) - learning is predictable - Teachers can help children be successful by making their world more orderly and predictable - Teachers will recognize that a child's learned experiences can accou
basic groups of temperament
Erikson stage four
Child's reaction to abuse
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
39. Trust vs. Mistrust - infancy to 1st year - Physical comfort - minimal fear and low apprehension about the future. Sets stage for life long expectation that world is good. The absence of trust can result in eaving the infant feeeling suspicious - guar
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Erikson stage one
Casual Reasoning
3 essential elements of scaffolding
40. Formulating a specific hypothesis from any given general theory - what might be
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Cognitive
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
41. Transformation of symbols into make - believe play - Pretending helps to build a child's imagination - Imagination boundless at this time - Preschool years
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Pretend or Imaginative play
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Postconventional
42. This is the ability of a child to arrange objects in logical progression
Assimilation
Value of shared activity?
Conceptual - learning process
Seriation
43. Alcohol - Nicotine - Drugs
Metacognition
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Erikson stage three
Zone of proximal development
44. Home environment influences much of a child's _____. Diets of minority families and socioeconomically deprived children are especially ____.
Diet - poor
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
play - social - emotional
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
45. Formation of: body parts - major organs
When assessing a child
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Piaget's Contributions
46. By 10-12 girls/boys same height/weight - Vast differences gross fine motor skills - Boys' leg/arm muscle coordination stronger - Run faster; jump - catch - throw - kick farther - Girls: stronger fine motor skills - More coordinated hand - manipulatio
Temperament
Piaget's Contributions
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Preconventional
47. Children respond automatically since they have formed an association between a stimulus and the response
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Symbolic function substage
Games with Rules
Classical conditioning
48. Poor hygiene - E.g. - soiled clothes - dirty hair - body odor - Poor nutrition - E.g. - excessive hunger - weight loss
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Rough and tumble play
Characteristics of neglect
Transitive Inference
49. Considerable interest in - Struggle with eating disorders possible
Transducive reasoning
Influences on Development
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Diet - poor
50. Most children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity - but there are some children who are inattentive and do not show signs of hyperactivity; these children have Attention Deficit Dis
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Games with rules play
basic groups of temperament
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