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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Child readily separates from parent - Actively avoids parent upon reunion
1
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Secure Attachment
2. Strongly improves child's problem - solving abilities - E.g. reading buddies
Influences on Development
Self - efficacy
Value of shared activity?
B.F. Skinner
3. 12: girls taller/boys weigh more - 13/14: boys taller & weigh more - 18: boys 4' taller 20 lbs heavier - Acceleration large motor physical strength in boys - Clumsy initially -- fast growth arms/legs - Quickly acquire ease of movement
Cognitive
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Scaffolding
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
4. Collective set of inborn traits help to construct a child's approach to the world
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
Temperament
Diet - poor
5. At about 18 months
begining of imagination
Operant conditioning
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Child's reaction to abuse
6. A learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols; also known as a developmental reading disorder. Skip or reverse words. Confuses left and right reading.
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Dyslexia
Conservation
7. Easy (flexible) - Difficult (active or feisty) - Slow- to - warm - up (cautious)
basic groups of temperament
BMI (body mass index)
Erikson stage three
Functional play
8. Behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat
John Watson
Anxious resistant attachment
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
9. Transformations in a child's thought - language - and intelligence. Theories: 1. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development 2. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development 3. Multi - theoretical perspectives of language - intelligence - and children with spe
Operant conditioning
Cognitive Development
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
basic groups of temperament
10. Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition - stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language - humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
Noam Chomsky
Its own sake
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
11. Allow them to work through whatever range of feelings they have
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
3 essential elements of scaffolding
How to help an abused child cope
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
12. Considerable interest in - Struggle with eating disorders possible
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Rough - and - Tumble
13. ndustry vs. Inferiority (6 years - puberty) - Mastering knowledge and intellectual skills - enthusiastic about learning - imagination - Inferiority if feelings of incompetence and unproductiveness arise. If inferiority out weights industry - low self
Erikson stage four
basic groups of temperament
Bobo doll experiment
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
14. The tendency of the child to focus on only one piece of information at a time while disregarding all others
Centration
Mixed temperaments
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
15. Children respond automatically since they have formed an association between a stimulus and the response
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Classical conditioning
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Transducive reasoning
16. Come from both heredity and environment. Many typical changes during childhood are related to maturation. Individual differences tend to increase with age
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Transitive Inference
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Influences on Development
17. The purposeful process by which a person generates logical and coherent ideas - evaluates situations - and reaches conclusions.
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Reasoning
Diet - poor
18. Transformation of symbols into make - believe play - Pretending helps to build a child's imagination - Imagination boundless at this time - Preschool years
Games with rules play
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
1
Pretend or Imaginative play
19. Lack of parenting skills - Economic stressors - Lack of education - Repetition of generational family abuse
Equilibrium
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Some causes of child maltreatment
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
20. Recognition that objects and events continue to exist even when they are not visible
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Play therapy
Object permanence
Language Development
21. Children in the US consume excess ____ and ____.
fat - sugar
John Watson
Erikson stage five
Intelligence
22. Child becomes upset when caregiver leaves - is upset during absence
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Games with Rules
Goodness of fit
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
23. 1. Provides an alternative to behavior theorists' belief that children are merely passive learners. Children actively move through operational stages.
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24. Mood - generally - Environment - Activity - Threshold for reacting to stimulation
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
basis of temperament
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Characteristics of neglect
25. Estimates indicate ___% of children in US follow all the dietary guidelines.
Operant conditioning
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
1
26. Birth to 2 years old - Grow faster in this period than any other
Rough and tumble play
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Value of shared activity?
Growth and Development - Infancy
27. Development is motivated by the search for a stable balance toward effective adaptations
Equilibrium
Temperament
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Schemas
28. 1. Functional 2. Constructive 3. Pretend or Imaginative 4. Rough - and - Tumble 5. Games with Rules
Teachers
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
types of play
Conceptual - learning process
29. ____ theorists agree that ____ activities serve a valuable function in the development of important ____ and ____ skills in children.
Stage 2- Preoperational period
play - social - emotional
Play therapy
Piaget's Contributions
30. Using objects to make something - Combines sensorimotor movements and creation/construction of something - Toddlers & preschoolers
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Social Development
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Constructive play
31. Remember Zone of Proximal Development - what can they do on their own - what can they do with help
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Games with rules play
When assessing a child
basis of temperament
32. Mental retardation via FAS - FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Low birth weight - Unusual facial characteristics
BMI (body mass index)
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Categories of Abuse
Bobo doll experiment
33. The way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to form a new cognitive structure - fitting the new knowledge into a template of existing schemes
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Its own sake
Assimilation
Noam Chomsky
34. Children actively construct their knowledge through society
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Piaget's Contributions
BMI (body mass index)
35. Varies greatly depending upon these factors: 1. The child 2. The experience 3. Its frequency 4. What is done about it
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36. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
Influences on Development
B.F. Skinner
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
37. The child uses words and images to form mental representations to remember objects without being physically present
Erikson stage three
Anxious resistant attachment
Zone of proximal development
Symbolic function substage
38. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
39. Condition of significantly sub - average intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior; implies an inability to perform at least some of the ordinary tasks of daily living skills; IQ of 0-70 in categories of mild - moderate - severe -
Mental Retardation
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Goodness of fit
Characteristics of sexual abuse
40. Child uses caregiver as secure base from which to explore environment - example - Child freely separates from parent to play
Child's reaction to abuse
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Categories of Abuse
Secure Attachment
41. 1. Child is physically injured by other than accidental means 2. child is subjected to willful cruelty or unjustifiable punishment 3. child is abused or exploited sexually 4. child is neglected by a parent or caretaker who fails to provide adequate f
Mixed temperaments
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Classical conditioning
42. Home environment influences much of a child's _____. Diets of minority families and socioeconomically deprived children are especially ____.
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Reasoning
BMI (body mass index)
Diet - poor
43. Temperament traits are _____ in development of _____ and way a child shows _____ responses.
Egocentrism
Functional play
Patterns of attachment
Influential - personality - emotional
44. This is the ability of a child to arrange objects in logical progression
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Goodness of fit
When assessing a child
Seriation
45. Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - ______________ are mandated reporters of child abuse
Teachers
Erikson stage two
Self - efficacy
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
46. Ages 4 to 10 in which children obey because they're parents tell them to and fear consequences - Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
Preconventional
Self - efficacy
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Child's cognitive ability
47. Miscarriage - Low birth weight - Poor respiratory functioning
Games with rules play
Mental Retardation
Erikson stage three
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
48. A study found that children could be described with 9 characteristics they then grouped into 3
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
1
49. Through repetition (and based upon the child's experience) - learning is predictable - Teachers can help children be successful by making their world more orderly and predictable - Teachers will recognize that a child's learned experiences can accou
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Mixed temperaments
Stage 4- Formal operations period
50. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
Pretend or Imaginative play
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Child's reaction to abuse