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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ages 13 to adult in which morality is judged by abstract principles rather than existing rules that govern society and looking into oneself - Involves working out a personal code of ethics. Allows for the possibility of noncompliance with society's r
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Postconventional
Influences on Development
2. The child uses words and images to form mental representations to remember objects without being physically present
Symbolic function substage
Language - cognitive - socially
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
3. A successful childhood counseling treatment b/c it allows children to feel less threatened while working out conflicts and expressing their unresolved feelings
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Play therapy
4. Allow them to work through whatever range of feelings they have
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Classical conditioning
How to help an abused child cope
5. Children are not equipped: physically - emotionally - socially - compared to adult caregivers
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Value of shared activity?
Preconventional
6. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
1
Secure Attachment
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
7. 1. Child is physically injured by other than accidental means 2. child is subjected to willful cruelty or unjustifiable punishment 3. child is abused or exploited sexually 4. child is neglected by a parent or caretaker who fails to provide adequate f
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Child's cognitive ability
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Ivan Pavlov
8. 1. Teachers can use behavior modification in the classroom as a learning tool (altering the environment or situation to produce a more favorable outcome) 2. Teachers can reinforce positive behavior to produce subsequent desirable behaviors (e.g. - po
Anger - sadness
Casual Reasoning
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
9. Much of what we know about how children think feel and respond to the world come from him. His theory states that children predictable and orderly stages of cognitive development and at each stage they form a new way to operate and adapt to the world
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10. Children actively construct their knowledge through society
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Functional play
11. Ages 4 to 10 in which children obey because they're parents tell them to and fear consequences - Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Preconventional
Scaffolding
Goodness of fit
12. Miscarriage - Low birth weight - Poor respiratory functioning
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
13. Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience - solve problems - and use knowledge to adapt to new situations Traditional IQ - Gardners's Multiple Intelligence and Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Goodness of fit
Intelligence
Preconventional
14. ndustry vs. Inferiority (6 years - puberty) - Mastering knowledge and intellectual skills - enthusiastic about learning - imagination - Inferiority if feelings of incompetence and unproductiveness arise. If inferiority out weights industry - low self
Erikson stage four
Accomodation
Mental Retardation
Secure attachment
15. Formulating a specific hypothesis from any given general theory - what might be
Erikson stage three
Patterns of attachment
Bobo doll experiment
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
16. Play is a social activity children engage in just for...
Casual Reasoning
Its own sake
basis of temperament
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
17. Often during elementary school - Have rules - are competitive - pleasurable - Preschool games more about taking turns - Replace around age 12 by practice play and organized sports - Can be engaged in throughout life
Games with Rules
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Casual Reasoning
Reasoning
18. Birth defects - Premature birth - Low birth weight - Neurological disturbances - High startle rate - Learning disabilities - Slowed motor development
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Egocentrism
Mental Retardation
Goodness of fit
19. ____ theorists agree that ____ activities serve a valuable function in the development of important ____ and ____ skills in children.
B.F. Skinner
play - social - emotional
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Diet - poor
20. Infancy - Birth to 2 years - infants physical response to the immediate surroundings - Infants learn of their environments through sensation and movement. Egocentrism - infants are the center of their universe.
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
Assimilation
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
21. The tendency of the child to focus on only one piece of information at a time while disregarding all others
Cognitive
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Centration
22. Child readily separates from parent - Actively avoids parent upon reunion
Constructive play
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Self - efficacy
23. 1. Teachers must recognize that children internalize what is right and wrong based upon their basic values and sense of self. 2. Teachers must recognize the sequential foundation upon which higher moral principles are based. 3. Teachers must recogniz
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
BMI (body mass index)
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Educational Implications of Moral Development
24. Tag - chasing - wrestling
Pretend or Imaginative play
Teachers
Rough and tumble play
Child's reaction to abuse
25. Children believe that their thoughts can cause actions whether or not the experiences have a casual relationship - when I move the clouds move - god moves - sun moves - wind currents move
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Casual Reasoning
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Secure Attachment
26. The way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to form a new cognitive structure - fitting the new knowledge into a template of existing schemes
Erikson stage three
Transitive Inference
Teachers
Assimilation
27. The purposeful process by which a person generates logical and coherent ideas - evaluates situations - and reaches conclusions.
Reasoning
Rough - and - Tumble
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Rough and tumble play
28. The infant shows insecurity and signs of being disoriented
Disorganized disoriented attachment
State of equilibrium
Temperament
begining of imagination
29. At about 18 months
Bandura's beliefs
begining of imagination
Language - cognitive - socially
Anger - sadness
30. Involves a given set of rules and declines around age 12 usually replaced with organized sports
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Games with rules play
types of play
Object permanence
31. Young children cannot differentiate between their own perspectives and feelings and someone elses
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Animism
Egocentrism
Categories of Abuse
32. A collective set of inborn traits that help to construct a child's approach to the world
Conventional
Temperament
Child's cognitive ability
Play therapy
33. Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition - stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language - humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
Intelligence
Noam Chomsky
Reasoning
Postconventional
34. Children make errors in their thinking because they cannot understand that an operation moves in more than one direction
Irreversibility
Goodness of fit
Centration
Piaget's Contributions
35. 8 intelligences - intelligence and talent are two different things. Eight intelligences are linguistic - musical - logical - mathematical - spatial - bodily - kinesthetic - interpersonal - naturalistic - existential
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36. Vygotsky - Every function in a child's cultural development appears twice -- when?
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Language - cognitive - socially
Stage 2- Preoperational period
37. The infant uses the caregiver as the secure base to explore the environment
Secure attachment
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Symbolic function substage
38. Match between a child's temperament and environment or demands on child - Ex: quiet child in boisterous family - Ex: active child in scholarly family >
Goodness of fit
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Schemas
39. Alcohol - Nicotine - Drugs
Egocentrism
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Piaget's Contributions
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
40. Piaget quantified the __________________ - suggesting that there are predictable and orderly developmental accomplishments. Children can be tested at each stage to verify their level of cognitive understanding.
Conceptual - learning process
Child's reaction to abuse
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
41. 2 most common feelings a child presents surrounding abuse
Goodness of fit
Anger - sadness
fat - sugar
Zone of proximal development
42. Child becomes upset when caregiver leaves - is upset during absence
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Bobo doll experiment
Behavior modification
43. Estimates indicate ___% of children in US follow all the dietary guidelines.
Effect of play
Categories of Abuse
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
1
44. Trust vs. Mistrust - infancy to 1st year - Physical comfort - minimal fear and low apprehension about the future. Sets stage for life long expectation that world is good. The absence of trust can result in eaving the infant feeeling suspicious - guar
Temperament
Erikson stage one
1
Games with Rules
45. Children with a perceptual - motor disability have difficult with coordination and may often appear clumsy or disoriented - Sometimes their hands are in constant motion and may get in the way of their activity
Perceptual Motor Disability
Temperament
Diet - poor
Transducive reasoning
46. Children in the US consume excess ____ and ____.
Temperament
fat - sugar
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
47. Varies greatly depending upon these factors: 1. The child 2. The experience 3. Its frequency 4. What is done about it
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48. Mother's age - Birth complications for younger & older mothers - Mother's nutrition
fat - sugar
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
49. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3yrs) - virtue - Will - Central issue: Can I act on my own? toddler learns how to explore - experiment - make mistakes and test limits to gain self independence of self reliance -
Erikson stage two
Casual Reasoning
Goodness of fit
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
50. Recognition that objects and events continue to exist even when they are not visible
Self - efficacy
Dyslexia
Object permanence
Casual Reasoning