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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Subjects
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cset
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Child is physically injured by other than accidental means 2. child is subjected to willful cruelty or unjustifiable punishment 3. child is abused or exploited sexually 4. child is neglected by a parent or caretaker who fails to provide adequate f
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
basic groups of temperament
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Diet - poor
2. Using objects to make something - Combines sensorimotor movements and creation/construction of something - Toddlers & preschoolers
Child's reaction to abuse
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Moral Development or Morality
Constructive play
3. Boys/girls about same weight/height - Girls growing only slightly slower than boys
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Postconventional
4. Young children cannot differentiate between their own perspectives and feelings and someone elses
Child's reaction to abuse
Egocentrism
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Equilibrium
5. Transformation of symbols into make - believe play - Pretending helps to build a child's imagination - Imagination boundless at this time - Preschool years
Pretend or Imaginative play
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Characteristics of sexual abuse
6. While 1 or 2 symptoms do not necessarily mean a child is abused - some common signs are...
Perceptual Motor Disability
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
7. Play is critical to _____ advancement in children
Cognitive
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
Patterns of attachment
fat - sugar
8. The infant readily separates from the caregiver and actively avoids the parent upon return
Play therapy
Anxious avoidant attachment
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
John Watson
9. ndustry vs. Inferiority (6 years - puberty) - Mastering knowledge and intellectual skills - enthusiastic about learning - imagination - Inferiority if feelings of incompetence and unproductiveness arise. If inferiority out weights industry - low self
Rough - and - Tumble
State of equilibrium
Erikson stage four
Games with Rules
10. Transformations in a child's thought - language - and intelligence. Theories: 1. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development 2. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development 3. Multi - theoretical perspectives of language - intelligence - and children with spe
Influences on Development
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Development
John Watson
11. Tag - chase - wrestling - Begins about the end of early childhood - Most popular during middle childhood
Object permanence
Diet - poor
Value of shared activity?
Rough - and - Tumble
12. A collective set of inborn traits that help to construct a child's approach to the world
Child's cognitive ability
Transitive Inference
Erikson stage four
Temperament
13. A conceptual tool that allows a child to recognize that when altering the appearance of an object the basic properties do not change
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Moral Development or Morality
Mixed temperaments
Conservation
14. Early childhood - 2 to 7 years - Egocentric focus on symbolic thought and imagination - This stage lasts from about two to seven years of age. During this stage - children get better at symbolic thought - but they can't yet reason. According to Piage
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Metacognition
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Temperament
15. Ages 4 to 10 in which children obey because they're parents tell them to and fear consequences - Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
Piaget's Contributions
Preconventional
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Patterns of attachment
16. Infancy - Birth to 2 years - infants physical response to the immediate surroundings - Infants learn of their environments through sensation and movement. Egocentrism - infants are the center of their universe.
Temperament
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Anxious avoidant attachment
How to help an abused child cope
17. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years - preschool years) - - As challenges occur - initiative is needed for purposeful behavior - responsibility for body - behavior - toys - pets - etc...The child may feel like anything he does may dissappoint people aroun
State of equilibrium
Erikson stage three
Social Development
basic groups of temperament
18. Refers to children believing that non - living objects have lifelike qualities
Animism
Ivan Pavlov
Classical conditioning
Behavior modification
19. Children with a perceptual - motor disability have difficult with coordination and may often appear clumsy or disoriented - Sometimes their hands are in constant motion and may get in the way of their activity
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Perceptual Motor Disability
Growth and Development - Infancy
20. Ages 13 to adult in which morality is judged by abstract principles rather than existing rules that govern society and looking into oneself - Involves working out a personal code of ethics. Allows for the possibility of noncompliance with society's r
play - social - emotional
Postconventional
Self - efficacy
Operant conditioning
21. Children actively construct their knowledge through society
Constructive play
Behavior modification
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Mental Retardation
22. This is the ability of a child to arrange objects in logical progression
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Seriation
begining of imagination
23. Child uses caregiver as secure base from which to explore environment - example - Child freely separates from parent to play
Secure Attachment
Functional play
Language Development
Perceptual Motor Disability
24. Vygotsky - Every function in a child's cultural development appears twice -- when?
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Social Development
Centration
Value of shared activity?
25. Mental structure in which childrens knowledge is ordered into
Anger - sadness
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Schemas
26. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Erikson stage five
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
Some causes of child maltreatment
27. Refers to the match between a child's temperament and environmental demands the child must deal with
Goodness of fit
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Egocentrism
28. Estimates indicate ___% of children in US follow all the dietary guidelines.
1
Erikson stage five
Social Development
Language - cognitive - socially
29. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3yrs) - virtue - Will - Central issue: Can I act on my own? toddler learns how to explore - experiment - make mistakes and test limits to gain self independence of self reliance -
Classical conditioning
Goodness of fit
Erikson stage two
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
30. Considerable interest in - Struggle with eating disorders possible
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Operant conditioning
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Influences on Development
31. WISC. IQ test designed for school - age children. Test assesses potential in many areas - including vocabulary - knowledge - memory - spatial comprehension
Anxious resistant attachment
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Rough and tumble play
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
32. A study found that children could be described with 9 characteristics they then grouped into 3
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Erikson stage two
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Its own sake
33. The ability to draw conclusions about a relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship to a third object
Some causes of child maltreatment
Operant conditioning
Play therapy
Transitive Inference
34. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Reasoning
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Value of shared activity?
35. At about 18 months
Secure Attachment
begining of imagination
Preconventional
Effect of play
36. 1. Teachers must recognize that children internalize what is right and wrong based upon their basic values and sense of self. 2. Teachers must recognize the sequential foundation upon which higher moral principles are based. 3. Teachers must recogniz
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Irreversibility
Games with Rules
Constructive play
37. Middle childhood - 7 to 11 years - mastery of conservation the child begins to think logically - (7-11 yrs) Children understand conservation - less egocentrism - understand hierarchal classification - can focus on multiple aspects at a time. Children
Noam Chomsky
Symbolic function substage
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
38. By 10-12 girls/boys same height/weight - Vast differences gross fine motor skills - Boys' leg/arm muscle coordination stronger - Run faster; jump - catch - throw - kick farther - Girls: stronger fine motor skills - More coordinated hand - manipulatio
types of play
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
39. Educational Implications of Language Development: Teachers must be aware that the process of language development is multifaceted - including...
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Games with rules play
Goodness of fit
40. Child readily separates from parent - Actively avoids parent upon reunion
Value of shared activity?
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Goodness of fit
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
41. Condition of significantly sub - average intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior; implies an inability to perform at least some of the ordinary tasks of daily living skills; IQ of 0-70 in categories of mild - moderate - severe -
Mental Retardation
Intelligence
Some causes of child maltreatment
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
42. Occurs when children take existing schemes and adjust them to fit their experience piano/keyboard
Accomodation
Pretend or Imaginative play
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
43. Poor hygiene - E.g. - soiled clothes - dirty hair - body odor - Poor nutrition - E.g. - excessive hunger - weight loss
Operant conditioning
Characteristics of neglect
Child's reaction to abuse
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
44. Through repetition (and based upon the child's experience) - learning is predictable - Teachers can help children be successful by making their world more orderly and predictable - Teachers will recognize that a child's learned experiences can accou
Dyslexia
Symbolic function substage
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Assimilation
45. Development is motivated by the search for a stable balance toward effective adaptations
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Bobo doll experiment
Equilibrium
Characteristics of sexual abuse
46. The infant becomes anxious before the caregiver leaves and is upset during their absence
Anxious avoidant attachment
Scaffolding
Anxious resistant attachment
Functional play
47. Children make errors in their thinking because they cannot understand that an operation moves in more than one direction
Irreversibility
Temperament
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Erikson stage four
48. Temperament traits are _____ in development of _____ and way a child shows _____ responses.
Influential - personality - emotional
Moral Development or Morality
Schemas
Temperament
49. Formulating a specific hypothesis from any given general theory - what might be
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Secure Attachment
State of equilibrium
Stage 2- Preoperational period
50. Sensorimotor movements manipulating objects in order to receive pleasure - Begins during infancy - Involves repetition of behavior/muscle movement - Can be engaged in throughout life
1
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Language - cognitive - socially
Functional play