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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The distance between a child's actual performance and a child's potential performance
Mixed temperaments
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Teachers
Zone of proximal development
2. Child becomes upset when caregiver leaves - is upset during absence
Pretend or Imaginative play
Assimilation
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
3. Educational Implications of Language Development: Teachers must be aware that the process of language development is multifaceted - including...
John Watson
Anxious avoidant attachment
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Temperament
4. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Cognitive
Temperament
B.F. Skinner
5. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
When assessing a child
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
6. Infant shows - Insecurity - Signs of being disoriented
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Games with Rules
Secure attachment
Rough - and - Tumble
7. The way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to form a new cognitive structure - fitting the new knowledge into a template of existing schemes
Language - cognitive - socially
Assimilation
B.F. Skinner
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
8. Middle childhood - 7 to 11 years - mastery of conservation the child begins to think logically - (7-11 yrs) Children understand conservation - less egocentrism - understand hierarchal classification - can focus on multiple aspects at a time. Children
Child's reaction to abuse
fat - sugar
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
9. Be consistent and write down predictable outlines - schedules - and deadlines - Demonstrate and model appropriate behavior - giving positive reinforcement - Talk slowly - making eye contact when possible - and keep conversations brief - Keep peripher
Inductive reasoning
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
When assessing a child
Rough - and - Tumble
10. 7-11 years old - Many children grow about 2'/year
Anger - sadness
Games with Rules
Transducive reasoning
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
11. Come from both heredity and environment. Many typical changes during childhood are related to maturation. Individual differences tend to increase with age
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Scaffolding
Influences on Development
Growth and Development - Adolescence
12. Personality develops through a series of conflicts that are influenced by society. Eight Stages of age specific crisis we pass through in order to create an equilibrium between our self and society. Turning Points.
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13. Children believe that their thoughts can cause actions whether or not the experiences have a casual relationship - when I move the clouds move - god moves - sun moves - wind currents move
Child's cognitive ability
Casual Reasoning
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
14. Trust vs. Mistrust - infancy to 1st year - Physical comfort - minimal fear and low apprehension about the future. Sets stage for life long expectation that world is good. The absence of trust can result in eaving the infant feeeling suspicious - guar
Value of shared activity?
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Erikson stage one
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
15. Considerable interest in - Struggle with eating disorders possible
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Equilibrium
play - social - emotional
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
16. 1. Functional 2. Constructive 3. Pretend or Imaginative 4. Rough - and - Tumble 5. Games with Rules
Intelligence
Rough and tumble play
types of play
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
17. Altering the environment or situation to produce a more favorable outcome
Influential - personality - emotional
Language - cognitive - socially
Zone of proximal development
Behavior modification
18. Age - inappropriate sexual behavior or knowledge - Difficulty walking or sitting - Sudden onset of wetting or inflicted self - harm
Bandura's beliefs
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Constructive play
Characteristics of sexual abuse
19. Varies greatly depending upon these factors: 1. The child 2. The experience 3. Its frequency 4. What is done about it
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20. Transformations in a child's thought - language - and intelligence. Theories: 1. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development 2. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development 3. Multi - theoretical perspectives of language - intelligence - and children with spe
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Cognitive Development
State of equilibrium
21. Formation of: body parts - major organs
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Zone of proximal development
22. Vygotsky - Every function in a child's cultural development appears twice -- when?
play - social - emotional
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Ivan Pavlov
Scaffolding
23. Mood - generally - Environment - Activity - Threshold for reacting to stimulation
Scaffolding
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
basis of temperament
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
24. 12: girls taller/boys weigh more - 13/14: boys taller & weigh more - 18: boys 4' taller 20 lbs heavier - Acceleration large motor physical strength in boys - Clumsy initially -- fast growth arms/legs - Quickly acquire ease of movement
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Games with rules play
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Influences on Development
25. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3yrs) - virtue - Will - Central issue: Can I act on my own? toddler learns how to explore - experiment - make mistakes and test limits to gain self independence of self reliance -
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
When assessing a child
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Erikson stage two
26. Children transform symbols into make believe play also pretending
Pretend or Imaginative play
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
27. Children in the US consume excess ____ and ____.
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
fat - sugar
Metacognition
Conservation
28. Alcohol - Nicotine - Drugs
fat - sugar
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Educational Implications of Moral Development
29. Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - ______________ are mandated reporters of child abuse
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Teachers
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Zone of proximal development
30. Refers to children believing that non - living objects have lifelike qualities
Cognitive Development
Rough and tumble play
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Animism
31. Children are not equipped: physically - emotionally - socially - compared to adult caregivers
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Games with Rules
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Egocentrism
32. While 1 or 2 symptoms do not necessarily mean a child is abused - some common signs are...
basis of temperament
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Language - cognitive - socially
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
33. Early childhood - 2 to 7 years - Egocentric focus on symbolic thought and imagination - This stage lasts from about two to seven years of age. During this stage - children get better at symbolic thought - but they can't yet reason. According to Piage
Constructive play
BMI (body mass index)
Pretend or Imaginative play
Stage 2- Preoperational period
34. Child readily separates from parent - Actively avoids parent upon reunion
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
35. 2 most common feelings a child presents surrounding abuse
Anger - sadness
Functional play
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
36. Girls more fatty tissue than boys - Boys more muscle tissue - Height/weight about same - just distributed differently - Boys might tend to be slightly taller/heavier
Object permanence
Pretend or Imaginative play
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
37. Mother's age - Birth complications for younger & older mothers - Mother's nutrition
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
Anger - sadness
Behavior modification
Influential - personality - emotional
38. Children actively construct their knowledge through society
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Moral Development or Morality
1
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
39. Good way to evaluate child's body fat is to review their...
BMI (body mass index)
Anxious resistant attachment
Diet - poor
Disorganized disoriented attachment
40. 1. release physical energy 2. gain mastery over their bodies 3. acquire new motor skills 4. form better relationships among peers 5. try out new social rules 6. advance cognitive development 7. practice and explore new competencies
Preconventional
Secure attachment
Effect of play
Erikson stage one
41. Allow the student to sit behind others so that the student won't disturb others - and teach the student to tap his pencil on a sleeve or leg instead of the table
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Erikson stage one
42. Children mentally connect specific experiences whether or not there is a logical casual relationship
Teachers
Transducive reasoning
Conservation
Dyslexia
43. Children respond automatically since they have formed an association between a stimulus and the response
Play therapy
Classical conditioning
Casual Reasoning
Temperament
44. Child uses caregiver as secure base from which to explore environment - example - Child freely separates from parent to play
State of equilibrium
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Assimilation
Secure Attachment
45. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Goodness of fit
John Watson
Perceptual Motor Disability
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
46. The temporary support system from a teacher or older peer to support the child until the task can be mastered alone
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Temperament
Scaffolding
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
47. Transformation of symbols into make - believe play - Pretending helps to build a child's imagination - Imagination boundless at this time - Preschool years
Pretend or Imaginative play
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Rough and tumble play
Educational Implications of Moral Development
48. According to the Individuals with disabilities Act or IDEA all children with disabilities are guaranteed a free - appropriate publec education.
Scaffolding
Constructive play
Pretend or Imaginative play
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
49. Allow them to work through whatever range of feelings they have
Teachers
Centration
How to help an abused child cope
play - social - emotional
50. 1. Provides an alternative to behavior theorists' belief that children are merely passive learners. Children actively move through operational stages.
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