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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years - preschool years) - - As challenges occur - initiative is needed for purposeful behavior - responsibility for body - behavior - toys - pets - etc...The child may feel like anything he does may dissappoint people aroun
Mental Retardation
Erikson stage three
Ivan Pavlov
Games with Rules
2. Think about thinking occurs in the concrete operations period - a child;s awareness of knowing about one's own knowledge
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Bandura's beliefs
Metacognition
BMI (body mass index)
3. Children actively construct their knowledge through society
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Language Development
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
State of equilibrium
4. Hard of Hearing. Appear lost or confused.
Piaget's Contributions
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
5. Infant shows - Insecurity - Signs of being disoriented
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Scaffolding
6. Early childhood - 2 to 7 years - Egocentric focus on symbolic thought and imagination - This stage lasts from about two to seven years of age. During this stage - children get better at symbolic thought - but they can't yet reason. According to Piage
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Irreversibility
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
7. Play is critical to _____ advancement in children
Perceptual Motor Disability
Child's cognitive ability
Games with rules play
Cognitive
8. 8 intelligences - intelligence and talent are two different things. Eight intelligences are linguistic - musical - logical - mathematical - spatial - bodily - kinesthetic - interpersonal - naturalistic - existential
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9. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Dyslexia
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
10. 1. release physical energy 2. gain mastery over their bodies 3. acquire new motor skills 4. form better relationships among peers 5. try out new social rules 6. advance cognitive development 7. practice and explore new competencies
Centration
Preconventional
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Effect of play
11. The infant shows insecurity and signs of being disoriented
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Secure Attachment
Assimilation
Educational Implications of Moral Development
12. Altering the environment or situation to produce a more favorable outcome
Behavior modification
Some causes of child maltreatment
Dyslexia
Child's reaction to abuse
13. Children imitate behavior through: socialization - by learning gender roles - by self - reinforcement - by self - efficacy - and - via other aspects of personality
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14. Stresses importance of advancing learning via observing & modeling the: behaviors - attitudes - emotional reactions of others
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15. Home environment influences much of a child's _____. Diets of minority families and socioeconomically deprived children are especially ____.
Anxious resistant attachment
Rough - and - Tumble
Value of shared activity?
Diet - poor
16. Children with a perceptual - motor disability have difficult with coordination and may often appear clumsy or disoriented - Sometimes their hands are in constant motion and may get in the way of their activity
Games with Rules
types of play
Perceptual Motor Disability
Temperament
17. Piaget suggested that a child's mind seeks a ________________. At each stage - children form a new way to operate and adapt to the world.
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
State of equilibrium
Erikson stage three
18. Temperament traits are _____ in development of _____ and way a child shows _____ responses.
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Influential - personality - emotional
Conceptual - learning process
Irreversibility
19. Children are not equipped: physically - emotionally - socially - compared to adult caregivers
How to help an abused child cope
Teachers
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
20. Much of what we know about how children think feel and respond to the world come from him. His theory states that children predictable and orderly stages of cognitive development and at each stage they form a new way to operate and adapt to the world
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21. WISC. IQ test designed for school - age children. Test assesses potential in many areas - including vocabulary - knowledge - memory - spatial comprehension
types of play
Classical conditioning
Conservation
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
22. A conceptual tool that allows a child to recognize that when altering the appearance of an object the basic properties do not change
When assessing a child
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Conservation
23. Belief in the ability to do things on one's own
begining of imagination
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Egocentrism
Self - efficacy
24. Come from both heredity and environment. Many typical changes during childhood are related to maturation. Individual differences tend to increase with age
Influences on Development
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Disorganized disoriented attachment
25. Middle childhood - 7 to 11 years - mastery of conservation the child begins to think logically - (7-11 yrs) Children understand conservation - less egocentrism - understand hierarchal classification - can focus on multiple aspects at a time. Children
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Casual Reasoning
Games with Rules
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
26. Birth defects - Premature birth - Low birth weight - Neurological disturbances - High startle rate - Learning disabilities - Slowed motor development
Equilibrium
Pretend or Imaginative play
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
27. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
Child's cognitive ability
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Egocentrism
28. Allow the student to sit behind others so that the student won't disturb others - and teach the student to tap his pencil on a sleeve or leg instead of the table
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Functional play
Constructive play
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
29. The infant uses the caregiver as the secure base to explore the environment
Secure attachment
Cognitive
Intelligence
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
30. Mental structure in which childrens knowledge is ordered into
Rough and tumble play
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Schemas
3 essential elements of scaffolding
31. Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - ______________ are mandated reporters of child abuse
Bobo doll experiment
Noam Chomsky
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Teachers
32. By 10-12 girls/boys same height/weight - Vast differences gross fine motor skills - Boys' leg/arm muscle coordination stronger - Run faster; jump - catch - throw - kick farther - Girls: stronger fine motor skills - More coordinated hand - manipulatio
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Constructive play
33. 12: girls taller/boys weigh more - 13/14: boys taller & weigh more - 18: boys 4' taller 20 lbs heavier - Acceleration large motor physical strength in boys - Clumsy initially -- fast growth arms/legs - Quickly acquire ease of movement
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
play - social - emotional
Bandura's beliefs
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
34. Difficulty paying attention - Easily distracted - Show hyperactivity - Become frustrated easily - Difficulty controlling muscle or motor activity (constantly moving) - Difficulty staying on task - succumbing to whatever attracts their attention - Sho
Functional play
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
35. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
B.F. Skinner
Goodness of fit
John Watson
Growth and Development - Infancy
36. Trust vs. Mistrust - infancy to 1st year - Physical comfort - minimal fear and low apprehension about the future. Sets stage for life long expectation that world is good. The absence of trust can result in eaving the infant feeeling suspicious - guar
Conventional
Erikson stage one
Teachers
Categories of Abuse
37. Through repetition (and based upon the child's experience) - learning is predictable - Teachers can help children be successful by making their world more orderly and predictable - Teachers will recognize that a child's learned experiences can accou
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
Growth and Development - Infancy
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
38. Transformation of symbols into make - believe play - Pretending helps to build a child's imagination - Imagination boundless at this time - Preschool years
Pretend or Imaginative play
Goodness of fit
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
39. Children learn from operating in the environment
Operant conditioning
Erikson stage five
Rough - and - Tumble
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
40. Strongly improves child's problem - solving abilities - E.g. reading buddies
Value of shared activity?
BMI (body mass index)
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Teachers
41. The tendency of the child to focus on only one piece of information at a time while disregarding all others
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Functional play
Casual Reasoning
Centration
42. ____ theorists agree that ____ activities serve a valuable function in the development of important ____ and ____ skills in children.
play - social - emotional
Goodness of fit
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Language Development
43. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Pretend or Imaginative play
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Language Development
Mental Retardation
44. Children believe that their thoughts can cause actions whether or not the experiences have a casual relationship - when I move the clouds move - god moves - sun moves - wind currents move
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Casual Reasoning
fat - sugar
Stage 4- Formal operations period
45. Collective set of inborn traits help to construct a child's approach to the world
Categories of Abuse
Temperament
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Functional play
46. Most children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity - but there are some children who are inattentive and do not show signs of hyperactivity; these children have Attention Deficit Dis
Language - cognitive - socially
Reasoning
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
47. Estimates indicate ___% of children in US follow all the dietary guidelines.
BMI (body mass index)
Temperament
1
Disorganized disoriented attachment
48. Type of play begins during infancy with sensorimotor movements manipulating objects on order to receive pleasure
Functional play
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Erikson stage three
49. Match between a child's temperament and environment or demands on child - Ex: quiet child in boisterous family - Ex: active child in scholarly family >
Games with Rules
Secure Attachment
Anxious resistant attachment
Goodness of fit
50. 1. Teachers can use behavior modification in the classroom as a learning tool (altering the environment or situation to produce a more favorable outcome) 2. Teachers can reinforce positive behavior to produce subsequent desirable behaviors (e.g. - po
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Temperament
Behavior modification
Characteristics of physical abuse