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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Subjects
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cset
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tag - chasing - wrestling
Rough and tumble play
Constructive play
Some causes of child maltreatment
types of play
2. The tendency of the child to focus on only one piece of information at a time while disregarding all others
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Centration
Anger - sadness
Equilibrium
3. Children make errors in their thinking because they cannot understand that an operation moves in more than one direction
Irreversibility
Language Development
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Dyslexia
4. Come from both heredity and environment. Many typical changes during childhood are related to maturation. Individual differences tend to increase with age
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Influences on Development
Piaget's Contributions
5. Strongly improves child's problem - solving abilities - E.g. reading buddies
Value of shared activity?
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Patterns of attachment
Ivan Pavlov
6. 7-11 years old - Many children grow about 2'/year
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Inductive reasoning
Teachers
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
7. A conceptual tool that allows a child to recognize that when altering the appearance of an object the basic properties do not change
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Conservation
8. Varies greatly depending upon these factors: 1. The child 2. The experience 3. Its frequency 4. What is done about it
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9. Stresses importance of advancing learning via observing & modeling the: behaviors - attitudes - emotional reactions of others
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10. Children learn from operating in the environment
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Operant conditioning
Inductive reasoning
11. Play is critical to _____ advancement in children
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Cognitive
begining of imagination
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
12. Infant shows - Insecurity - Signs of being disoriented
Operant conditioning
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Erikson stage two
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
13. Secure attachment is fundamental to a child's ability to emotionally and biologically self - regulate
Diet - poor
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Erikson stage one
14. Sensorimotor - preoperational - concrete operations - formal operations
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15. The infant uses the caregiver as the secure base to explore the environment
Secure attachment
Goodness of fit
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Influences on Development
16. Mother's age - Birth complications for younger & older mothers - Mother's nutrition
Erikson stage one
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
Bandura's beliefs
Characteristics of neglect
17. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
When assessing a child
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Egocentrism
18. ____ theorists agree that ____ activities serve a valuable function in the development of important ____ and ____ skills in children.
Symbolic function substage
Functional play
play - social - emotional
Metacognition
19. Ages 4 to 10 in which children obey because they're parents tell them to and fear consequences - Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
Preconventional
basis of temperament
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Erikson stage five
20. Ages 13 to adult in which morality is judged by abstract principles rather than existing rules that govern society and looking into oneself - Involves working out a personal code of ethics. Allows for the possibility of noncompliance with society's r
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Scaffolding
Postconventional
Secure Attachment
21. Miscarriage - Low birth weight - Poor respiratory functioning
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Noam Chomsky
Rough - and - Tumble
22. Developed with Physical structures to produce sounds - cognitive structures to produce thought process - and social structures to experience language through learning and practicing.
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Erikson stage five
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Language Development
23. The purposeful process by which a person generates logical and coherent ideas - evaluates situations - and reaches conclusions.
Functional play
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Rough - and - Tumble
Reasoning
24. Formation of: body parts - major organs
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Ivan Pavlov
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
25. Alcohol - Nicotine - Drugs
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Schemas
26. Infancy - Birth to 2 years - infants physical response to the immediate surroundings - Infants learn of their environments through sensation and movement. Egocentrism - infants are the center of their universe.
Conventional
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
27. Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition - stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language - humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Scaffolding
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Noam Chomsky
28. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
1
B.F. Skinner
Scaffolding
Growth and Development - Adolescence
29. The temporary support system from a teacher or older peer to support the child until the task can be mastered alone
Functional play
Scaffolding
Transducive reasoning
Disorganized disoriented attachment
30. Occurs when children take existing schemes and adjust them to fit their experience piano/keyboard
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Cognitive Development
Accomodation
Equilibrium
31. Children are not equipped: physically - emotionally - socially - compared to adult caregivers
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Influential - personality - emotional
32. Transformation of symbols into make - believe play - Pretending helps to build a child's imagination - Imagination boundless at this time - Preschool years
Assimilation
Pretend or Imaginative play
Irreversibility
Noam Chomsky
33. Allow the student to sit behind others so that the student won't disturb others - and teach the student to tap his pencil on a sleeve or leg instead of the table
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Child's reaction to abuse
Games with rules play
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
34. Modern descendent of the first successful intelligence test that measures general intelligence and four factors verbal reasoning - quantitative reasoning - spatial reasoning - and short - term memory.
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Reasoning
B.F. Skinner
Operant conditioning
35. A learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols; also known as a developmental reading disorder. Skip or reverse words. Confuses left and right reading.
fat - sugar
Functional play
Dyslexia
Characteristics of neglect
36. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years - preschool years) - - As challenges occur - initiative is needed for purposeful behavior - responsibility for body - behavior - toys - pets - etc...The child may feel like anything he does may dissappoint people aroun
Characteristics of neglect
Erikson stage three
1
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
37. Often during elementary school - Have rules - are competitive - pleasurable - Preschool games more about taking turns - Replace around age 12 by practice play and organized sports - Can be engaged in throughout life
Games with Rules
Dyslexia
B.F. Skinner
Bandura's beliefs
38. Collective set of inborn traits help to construct a child's approach to the world
Temperament
Accomodation
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Dyslexia
39. Hard of Hearing. Appear lost or confused.
Object permanence
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Growth and Development - Infancy
40. 1. Provides an alternative to behavior theorists' belief that children are merely passive learners. Children actively move through operational stages.
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41. Difficulty paying attention - Easily distracted - Show hyperactivity - Become frustrated easily - Difficulty controlling muscle or motor activity (constantly moving) - Difficulty staying on task - succumbing to whatever attracts their attention - Sho
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Operant conditioning
Scaffolding
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
42. A successful childhood counseling treatment b/c it allows children to feel less threatened while working out conflicts and expressing their unresolved feelings
Influences on Development
Classical conditioning
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Play therapy
43. Identity vs. Identity Confusion (10-20 years - adolescence) - Finding out who they are - what they are all about - where they are going in life. - Confronted with new roles and adult statuses (vocational and romantic) - Identity confusion occurs when
Social Development
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Erikson stage five
44. Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence - creative intelligence - and practical intelligence
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
45. Child uses caregiver as secure base from which to explore environment - example - Child freely separates from parent to play
Influential - personality - emotional
Secure Attachment
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Anxious resistant attachment
46. Young children cannot differentiate between their own perspectives and feelings and someone elses
Egocentrism
Mixed temperaments
Temperament
Symbolic function substage
47. By 10-12 girls/boys same height/weight - Vast differences gross fine motor skills - Boys' leg/arm muscle coordination stronger - Run faster; jump - catch - throw - kick farther - Girls: stronger fine motor skills - More coordinated hand - manipulatio
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
48. Home environment influences much of a child's _____. Diets of minority families and socioeconomically deprived children are especially ____.
Moral Development or Morality
Play therapy
Diet - poor
Influences on Development
49. Mental retardation via FAS - FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Low birth weight - Unusual facial characteristics
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
50. 1. release physical energy 2. gain mastery over their bodies 3. acquire new motor skills 4. form better relationships among peers 5. try out new social rules 6. advance cognitive development 7. practice and explore new competencies
Effect of play
Constructive play
Erikson stage four
Zone of proximal development
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