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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
Influential - personality - emotional
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Inductive reasoning
2. Birth to 2 years old - Grow faster in this period than any other
Preconventional
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Growth and Development - Infancy
Social Development
3. An internalized set of rules influencing the feelings - thoughts and behavior of an individual in deciding what is right and wrong.
fat - sugar
Functional play
Perceptual Motor Disability
Moral Development or Morality
4. Easy (flexible) - Difficult (active or feisty) - Slow- to - warm - up (cautious)
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
basic groups of temperament
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
5. Preconventional - conventional - postconventional
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6. Stresses importance of advancing learning via observing & modeling the: behaviors - attitudes - emotional reactions of others
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7. Children respond automatically since they have formed an association between a stimulus and the response
Perceptual Motor Disability
Classical conditioning
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Categories of Abuse
8. Personality develops through a series of conflicts that are influenced by society. Eight Stages of age specific crisis we pass through in order to create an equilibrium between our self and society. Turning Points.
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9. Sensorimotor movements manipulating objects in order to receive pleasure - Begins during infancy - Involves repetition of behavior/muscle movement - Can be engaged in throughout life
Metacognition
basic groups of temperament
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Functional play
10. The infant becomes anxious before the caregiver leaves and is upset during their absence
Anxious resistant attachment
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Dyslexia
11. Children imitate behavior through: socialization - by learning gender roles - by self - reinforcement - by self - efficacy - and - via other aspects of personality
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12. Condition of significantly sub - average intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior; implies an inability to perform at least some of the ordinary tasks of daily living skills; IQ of 0-70 in categories of mild - moderate - severe -
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Animism
Mental Retardation
Pretend or Imaginative play
13. Early childhood - 2 to 7 years - Egocentric focus on symbolic thought and imagination - This stage lasts from about two to seven years of age. During this stage - children get better at symbolic thought - but they can't yet reason. According to Piage
Assimilation
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Stage 4- Formal operations period
14. Be consistent and write down predictable outlines - schedules - and deadlines - Demonstrate and model appropriate behavior - giving positive reinforcement - Talk slowly - making eye contact when possible - and keep conversations brief - Keep peripher
Casual Reasoning
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Behavior modification
15. Ages 4 to 10 in which children obey because they're parents tell them to and fear consequences - Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
Preconventional
Secure attachment
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Erikson stage two
16. Children mentally connect specific experiences whether or not there is a logical casual relationship
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Anger - sadness
Transducive reasoning
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
17. Play is a social activity children engage in just for...
Schemas
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Its own sake
Value of shared activity?
18. Educational Implications of Language Development: Teachers must be aware that the process of language development is multifaceted - including...
Erikson stage two
Play therapy
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
19. 2 most common feelings a child presents surrounding abuse
Anger - sadness
How to help an abused child cope
Rough - and - Tumble
Scaffolding
20. Transformations in a child's thought - language - and intelligence. Theories: 1. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development 2. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development 3. Multi - theoretical perspectives of language - intelligence - and children with spe
B.F. Skinner
Egocentrism
Cognitive Development
Mixed temperaments
21. 1. Provides an alternative to behavior theorists' belief that children are merely passive learners. Children actively move through operational stages.
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22. At about 18 months
begining of imagination
types of play
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Games with rules play
23. Hard of Hearing. Appear lost or confused.
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Anger - sadness
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Scaffolding
24. While 1 or 2 symptoms do not necessarily mean a child is abused - some common signs are...
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
John Watson
Accomodation
25. Much of what we know about how children think feel and respond to the world come from him. His theory states that children predictable and orderly stages of cognitive development and at each stage they form a new way to operate and adapt to the world
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26. The child uses words and images to form mental representations to remember objects without being physically present
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Behavior modification
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Symbolic function substage
27. 1. Secure Attachment 2. Anxious - Resistant Attachment 3. Anxious - Avoidant Attachment 4. Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Patterns of attachment
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Assimilation
28. Strongly improves child's problem - solving abilities - E.g. reading buddies
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Teachers
Inductive reasoning
Value of shared activity?
29. Belief in the ability to do things on one's own
Mental Retardation
types of play
Self - efficacy
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
30. Environmental agents that can cause abnormalities in a fetus - Prevent or modify normal cell division - Danger - thus - greatest during embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Constructive play
Erikson stage one
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
31. Child readily separates from parent - Actively avoids parent upon reunion
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Postconventional
Erikson stage three
Piaget's Contributions
32. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
BMI (body mass index)
Bobo doll experiment
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
33. Children make errors in their thinking because they cannot understand that an operation moves in more than one direction
Language Development
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Irreversibility
Noam Chomsky
34. 12-18 years old - Puberty - Growth spurts and concomitant clumsiness
Intelligence
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
35. Young children cannot differentiate between their own perspectives and feelings and someone elses
basic groups of temperament
Egocentrism
Transitive Inference
Characteristics of neglect
36. Using objects to make something - Combines sensorimotor movements and creation/construction of something - Toddlers & preschoolers
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Conventional
Constructive play
Piaget's Contributions
37. The distance between a child's actual performance and a child's potential performance
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
begining of imagination
Zone of proximal development
38. Child becomes upset when caregiver leaves - is upset during absence
Perceptual Motor Disability
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Child's cognitive ability
39. 1. Teachers must recognize that children internalize what is right and wrong based upon their basic values and sense of self. 2. Teachers must recognize the sequential foundation upon which higher moral principles are based. 3. Teachers must recogniz
Object permanence
Anxious avoidant attachment
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
40. Match between a child's temperament and environment or demands on child - Ex: quiet child in boisterous family - Ex: active child in scholarly family >
Classical conditioning
Goodness of fit
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Scaffolding
41. Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition - stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language - humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
Noam Chomsky
Egocentrism
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
42. Based on what can be observed and learned through experience in the child's environment. Learning behavior theories: Ivan Pavlov's and John Watson's classical conditioning B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning. Social theories in understanding child de
Its own sake
Pretend or Imaginative play
Social Development
Characteristics of neglect
43. Identity vs. Identity Confusion (10-20 years - adolescence) - Finding out who they are - what they are all about - where they are going in life. - Confronted with new roles and adult statuses (vocational and romantic) - Identity confusion occurs when
Bandura's beliefs
Games with Rules
Erikson stage five
Operant conditioning
44. A successful childhood counseling treatment b/c it allows children to feel less threatened while working out conflicts and expressing their unresolved feelings
Play therapy
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Influential - personality - emotional
Erikson stage two
45. Ages 10 -13 in which children are more concerned about the opinions of their peers. Second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior
Erikson stage four
Conventional
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
46. ndustry vs. Inferiority (6 years - puberty) - Mastering knowledge and intellectual skills - enthusiastic about learning - imagination - Inferiority if feelings of incompetence and unproductiveness arise. If inferiority out weights industry - low self
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Erikson stage four
Goodness of fit
Value of shared activity?
47. The infant uses the caregiver as the secure base to explore the environment
When assessing a child
Secure attachment
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
48. Infant shows - Insecurity - Signs of being disoriented
Intelligence
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Stage 4- Formal operations period
49. Come from both heredity and environment. Many typical changes during childhood are related to maturation. Individual differences tend to increase with age
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
BMI (body mass index)
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Influences on Development
50. Formation of: body parts - major organs
Preconventional
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Goodness of fit
Bobo doll experiment