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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Vygotsky - Every function in a child's cultural development appears twice -- when?
Bandura's beliefs
Accomodation
Games with rules play
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
2. Condition of significantly sub - average intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior; implies an inability to perform at least some of the ordinary tasks of daily living skills; IQ of 0-70 in categories of mild - moderate - severe -
Scaffolding
Seriation
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Mental Retardation
3. Refers to the match between a child's temperament and environmental demands the child must deal with
Influential - personality - emotional
Goodness of fit
Rough and tumble play
Erikson stage four
4. Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience - solve problems - and use knowledge to adapt to new situations Traditional IQ - Gardners's Multiple Intelligence and Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
Some causes of child maltreatment
Intelligence
Anger - sadness
Preconventional
5. Based on what can be observed and learned through experience in the child's environment. Learning behavior theories: Ivan Pavlov's and John Watson's classical conditioning B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning. Social theories in understanding child de
Seriation
Social Development
Scaffolding
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
6. Children believe that their thoughts can cause actions whether or not the experiences have a casual relationship - when I move the clouds move - god moves - sun moves - wind currents move
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Self - efficacy
Casual Reasoning
Temperament
7. Modern descendent of the first successful intelligence test that measures general intelligence and four factors verbal reasoning - quantitative reasoning - spatial reasoning - and short - term memory.
Reasoning
Characteristics of neglect
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Functional play
8. Middle childhood - 7 to 11 years - mastery of conservation the child begins to think logically - (7-11 yrs) Children understand conservation - less egocentrism - understand hierarchal classification - can focus on multiple aspects at a time. Children
John Watson
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Seriation
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
9. Formulating a specific hypothesis from any given general theory - what might be
Equilibrium
fat - sugar
Operant conditioning
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
10. 12: girls taller/boys weigh more - 13/14: boys taller & weigh more - 18: boys 4' taller 20 lbs heavier - Acceleration large motor physical strength in boys - Clumsy initially -- fast growth arms/legs - Quickly acquire ease of movement
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Influences on Development
play - social - emotional
Erikson stage two
11. Children respond automatically since they have formed an association between a stimulus and the response
Erikson stage three
Schemas
Cognitive
Classical conditioning
12. Difficulty paying attention - Easily distracted - Show hyperactivity - Become frustrated easily - Difficulty controlling muscle or motor activity (constantly moving) - Difficulty staying on task - succumbing to whatever attracts their attention - Sho
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Rough and tumble play
Value of shared activity?
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
13. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
fat - sugar
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Preconventional
Goodness of fit
14. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Growth and Development - Infancy
1
15. Involves a given set of rules and declines around age 12 usually replaced with organized sports
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Games with rules play
Intelligence
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
16. Considerable interest in - Struggle with eating disorders possible
Intelligence
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
17. Occurs when children take existing schemes and adjust them to fit their experience piano/keyboard
Anxious avoidant attachment
Intelligence
Mixed temperaments
Accomodation
18. Children learn from operating in the environment
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Operant conditioning
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
19. Miscarriage - Low birth weight - Poor respiratory functioning
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Zone of proximal development
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
20. Estimates indicate ___% of children in US follow all the dietary guidelines.
Characteristics of neglect
Erikson stage two
B.F. Skinner
1
21. The child uses words and images to form mental representations to remember objects without being physically present
Symbolic function substage
Erikson stage two
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Value of shared activity?
22. Infancy - Birth to 2 years - infants physical response to the immediate surroundings - Infants learn of their environments through sensation and movement. Egocentrism - infants are the center of their universe.
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Patterns of attachment
Piaget's Contributions
23. Tag - chasing - wrestling
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Rough and tumble play
Bobo doll experiment
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
24. Children in the US consume excess ____ and ____.
fat - sugar
Functional play
When assessing a child
BMI (body mass index)
25. Child becomes upset when caregiver leaves - is upset during absence
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Centration
Seriation
Language Development
26. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
Patterns of attachment
B.F. Skinner
Games with rules play
Erikson stage one
27. Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - ______________ are mandated reporters of child abuse
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Teachers
Erikson stage three
How to help an abused child cope
28. Educational Implications of Language Development: Teachers must be aware that the process of language development is multifaceted - including...
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Its own sake
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
29. Ages 10 -13 in which children are more concerned about the opinions of their peers. Second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior
Dyslexia
Conventional
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Transducive reasoning
30. At about 18 months
Metacognition
begining of imagination
Schemas
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
31. 1. Functional 2. Constructive 3. Pretend or Imaginative 4. Rough - and - Tumble 5. Games with Rules
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
types of play
basic groups of temperament
32. Identity vs. Identity Confusion (10-20 years - adolescence) - Finding out who they are - what they are all about - where they are going in life. - Confronted with new roles and adult statuses (vocational and romantic) - Identity confusion occurs when
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Mental Retardation
Erikson stage five
Games with rules play
33. By 10-12 girls/boys same height/weight - Vast differences gross fine motor skills - Boys' leg/arm muscle coordination stronger - Run faster; jump - catch - throw - kick farther - Girls: stronger fine motor skills - More coordinated hand - manipulatio
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Erikson stage five
34. Age - inappropriate sexual behavior or knowledge - Difficulty walking or sitting - Sudden onset of wetting or inflicted self - harm
Intelligence
Characteristics of sexual abuse
B.F. Skinner
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
35. Sensorimotor movements manipulating objects in order to receive pleasure - Begins during infancy - Involves repetition of behavior/muscle movement - Can be engaged in throughout life
Functional play
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Erikson stage five
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
36. Come from both heredity and environment. Many typical changes during childhood are related to maturation. Individual differences tend to increase with age
Influences on Development
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Functional play
37. Toddlers and preschoolers use objects to make something
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
Casual Reasoning
Constructive play
38. Young children cannot differentiate between their own perspectives and feelings and someone elses
Anxious avoidant attachment
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Egocentrism
Temperament
39. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
play - social - emotional
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Stage 2- Preoperational period
40. Children who don't fall into an easy/difficult/cautious category have...
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
basis of temperament
Patterns of attachment
Mixed temperaments
41. ____ theorists agree that ____ activities serve a valuable function in the development of important ____ and ____ skills in children.
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
play - social - emotional
Characteristics of neglect
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
42. Piaget suggested that a child's mind seeks a ________________. At each stage - children form a new way to operate and adapt to the world.
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
State of equilibrium
Mental Retardation
Object permanence
43. Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition - stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language - humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Characteristics of physical abuse
Noam Chomsky
44. 1. Provides an alternative to behavior theorists' belief that children are merely passive learners. Children actively move through operational stages.
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45. 1. release physical energy 2. gain mastery over their bodies 3. acquire new motor skills 4. form better relationships among peers 5. try out new social rules 6. advance cognitive development 7. practice and explore new competencies
Effect of play
Object permanence
basis of temperament
Reasoning
46. Mental structure in which childrens knowledge is ordered into
How to help an abused child cope
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Schemas
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
47. Temporary support system to support child until task can be mastered alone
Scaffolding
Reasoning
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Erikson stage four
48. 8 intelligences - intelligence and talent are two different things. Eight intelligences are linguistic - musical - logical - mathematical - spatial - bodily - kinesthetic - interpersonal - naturalistic - existential
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49. 12-18 years old - Puberty - Growth spurts and concomitant clumsiness
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Seriation
Erikson stage three
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
50. 1. Child is physically injured by other than accidental means 2. child is subjected to willful cruelty or unjustifiable punishment 3. child is abused or exploited sexually 4. child is neglected by a parent or caretaker who fails to provide adequate f
Secure Attachment
When assessing a child
State of equilibrium
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations