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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
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teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Girls more fatty tissue than boys - Boys more muscle tissue - Height/weight about same - just distributed differently - Boys might tend to be slightly taller/heavier
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Goodness of fit
Bandura's beliefs
Characteristics of physical abuse
2. Occurs when children take existing schemes and adjust them to fit their experience piano/keyboard
Conventional
basic groups of temperament
Accomodation
Social Development
3. Identity vs. Identity Confusion (10-20 years - adolescence) - Finding out who they are - what they are all about - where they are going in life. - Confronted with new roles and adult statuses (vocational and romantic) - Identity confusion occurs when
fat - sugar
Intelligence
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Erikson stage five
4. Ages 10 -13 in which children are more concerned about the opinions of their peers. Second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior
Conventional
Functional play
Erikson stage five
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
5. Vygotsky - Every function in a child's cultural development appears twice -- when?
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Temperament
Games with Rules
6. 12: girls taller/boys weigh more - 13/14: boys taller & weigh more - 18: boys 4' taller 20 lbs heavier - Acceleration large motor physical strength in boys - Clumsy initially -- fast growth arms/legs - Quickly acquire ease of movement
Constructive play
Accomodation
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
7. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
basis of temperament
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Games with rules play
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
8. Refers to children believing that non - living objects have lifelike qualities
Animism
Perceptual Motor Disability
Categories of Abuse
Erikson stage four
9. Varies greatly depending upon these factors: 1. The child 2. The experience 3. Its frequency 4. What is done about it
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10. Alcohol - Nicotine - Drugs
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
BMI (body mass index)
11. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3yrs) - virtue - Will - Central issue: Can I act on my own? toddler learns how to explore - experiment - make mistakes and test limits to gain self independence of self reliance -
Categories of Abuse
Erikson stage two
Effect of play
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
12. Development is motivated by the search for a stable balance toward effective adaptations
Perceptual Motor Disability
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
B.F. Skinner
Equilibrium
13. Vygotsky believed _____ is an essential aspect of cultural development and that _____ growth and language are _____ based
How to help an abused child cope
Anxious resistant attachment
Language - cognitive - socially
Egocentrism
14. Match between a child's temperament and environment or demands on child - Ex: quiet child in boisterous family - Ex: active child in scholarly family >
Goodness of fit
Operant conditioning
Growth and Development - Infancy
Transducive reasoning
15. Children who don't fall into an easy/difficult/cautious category have...
Play therapy
Mixed temperaments
Value of shared activity?
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
16. Transformation of symbols into make - believe play - Pretending helps to build a child's imagination - Imagination boundless at this time - Preschool years
Noam Chomsky
Pretend or Imaginative play
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
17. Type of play begins during infancy with sensorimotor movements manipulating objects on order to receive pleasure
Erikson stage three
Play therapy
Functional play
Erikson stage one
18. Allow the student to sit behind others so that the student won't disturb others - and teach the student to tap his pencil on a sleeve or leg instead of the table
Constructive play
Erikson stage five
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
19. Children with a perceptual - motor disability have difficult with coordination and may often appear clumsy or disoriented - Sometimes their hands are in constant motion and may get in the way of their activity
Irreversibility
Secure attachment
Transitive Inference
Perceptual Motor Disability
20. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning through the salvation of dogs on the ringing of a bell.
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Egocentrism
Influences on Development
Ivan Pavlov
21. 1. Teachers can use behavior modification in the classroom as a learning tool (altering the environment or situation to produce a more favorable outcome) 2. Teachers can reinforce positive behavior to produce subsequent desirable behaviors (e.g. - po
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Self - efficacy
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Its own sake
22. Children in the US consume excess ____ and ____.
Bandura's beliefs
Centration
fat - sugar
Bobo doll experiment
23. While 1 or 2 symptoms do not necessarily mean a child is abused - some common signs are...
Piaget's Contributions
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Ivan Pavlov
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
24. Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence - creative intelligence - and practical intelligence
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Social Development
Cognitive Development
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
25. Involves a given set of rules and declines around age 12 usually replaced with organized sports
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Intelligence
Erikson stage five
Games with rules play
26. Children observe adult repeatedly punching & knocking down inflated doll - Later - children imitated aggressive behavior in classroom
Value of shared activity?
Bobo doll experiment
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
27. Often during elementary school - Have rules - are competitive - pleasurable - Preschool games more about taking turns - Replace around age 12 by practice play and organized sports - Can be engaged in throughout life
Child's cognitive ability
Anger - sadness
Games with Rules
basic groups of temperament
28. Lack of parenting skills - Economic stressors - Lack of education - Repetition of generational family abuse
Some causes of child maltreatment
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
29. Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition - stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language - humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
How to help an abused child cope
Symbolic function substage
Scaffolding
Noam Chomsky
30. 2 most common feelings a child presents surrounding abuse
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Anger - sadness
Seriation
Functional play
31. The temporary support system from a teacher or older peer to support the child until the task can be mastered alone
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
Characteristics of physical abuse
Cognitive Development
Scaffolding
32. The infant readily separates from the caregiver and actively avoids the parent upon return
Transitive Inference
Secure attachment
Anxious avoidant attachment
fat - sugar
33. Children make errors in their thinking because they cannot understand that an operation moves in more than one direction
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
Irreversibility
Equilibrium
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
34. 1. release physical energy 2. gain mastery over their bodies 3. acquire new motor skills 4. form better relationships among peers 5. try out new social rules 6. advance cognitive development 7. practice and explore new competencies
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Effect of play
Piaget's Contributions
Postconventional
35. ____ theorists agree that ____ activities serve a valuable function in the development of important ____ and ____ skills in children.
Zone of proximal development
State of equilibrium
Value of shared activity?
play - social - emotional
36. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
Influences on Development
B.F. Skinner
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Stage 4- Formal operations period
37. The way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to form a new cognitive structure - fitting the new knowledge into a template of existing schemes
Assimilation
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
basic groups of temperament
38. Temporary support system to support child until task can be mastered alone
Scaffolding
Attention Hyperactivity Disorders
Erikson stage two
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
39. Behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
John Watson
40. ndustry vs. Inferiority (6 years - puberty) - Mastering knowledge and intellectual skills - enthusiastic about learning - imagination - Inferiority if feelings of incompetence and unproductiveness arise. If inferiority out weights industry - low self
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Constructive play
Erikson stage four
Temperament
41. The 4th of Piaget's periods: beginning from 11 years. Form of intelligence in which higher level mental operations make possible logical reasoning with respect to abstract and hypothetical events and not merely concrete objects. Hypothetical Deductiv
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Categories of Abuse
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Stage 2- Preoperational period
42. Ages 13 to adult in which morality is judged by abstract principles rather than existing rules that govern society and looking into oneself - Involves working out a personal code of ethics. Allows for the possibility of noncompliance with society's r
Postconventional
Casual Reasoning
Games with rules play
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
43. Middle childhood - 7 to 11 years - mastery of conservation the child begins to think logically - (7-11 yrs) Children understand conservation - less egocentrism - understand hierarchal classification - can focus on multiple aspects at a time. Children
Secure attachment
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
fat - sugar
44. Belief in the ability to do things on one's own
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Influential - personality - emotional
Conceptual - learning process
Self - efficacy
45. Infant shows - Insecurity - Signs of being disoriented
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
Postconventional
46. Much of what we know about how children think feel and respond to the world come from him. His theory states that children predictable and orderly stages of cognitive development and at each stage they form a new way to operate and adapt to the world
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47. This is the ability of a child to arrange objects in logical progression
Cognitive Development
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Seriation
Value of shared activity?
48. 1. Child is physically injured by other than accidental means 2. child is subjected to willful cruelty or unjustifiable punishment 3. child is abused or exploited sexually 4. child is neglected by a parent or caretaker who fails to provide adequate f
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Erikson stage three
play - social - emotional
49. Child uses caregiver as secure base from which to explore environment - example - Child freely separates from parent to play
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Constructive play
Games with Rules
Secure Attachment
50. The child uses words and images to form mental representations to remember objects without being physically present
Symbolic function substage
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Influences on Development
Animism