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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
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Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Much of what we know about how children think feel and respond to the world come from him. His theory states that children predictable and orderly stages of cognitive development and at each stage they form a new way to operate and adapt to the world
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2. Difficulty paying attention - Easily distracted - Show hyperactivity - Become frustrated easily - Difficulty controlling muscle or motor activity (constantly moving) - Difficulty staying on task - succumbing to whatever attracts their attention - Sho
Cognitive Development
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Pretend or Imaginative play
Animism
3. Vygotsky - Every function in a child's cultural development appears twice -- when?
Schemas
Value of shared activity?
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
4. Easy (flexible) - Difficult (active or feisty) - Slow- to - warm - up (cautious)
basic groups of temperament
Equilibrium
Conventional
Irreversibility
5. The purposeful process by which a person generates logical and coherent ideas - evaluates situations - and reaches conclusions.
Reasoning
Preconventional
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Teachers
6. Children imitate behavior through: socialization - by learning gender roles - by self - reinforcement - by self - efficacy - and - via other aspects of personality
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7. According to the Individuals with disabilities Act or IDEA all children with disabilities are guaranteed a free - appropriate publec education.
Secure attachment
Categories of Abuse
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
8. The infant readily separates from the caregiver and actively avoids the parent upon return
Ivan Pavlov
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Anxious avoidant attachment
Language - cognitive - socially
9. Tag - chase - wrestling - Begins about the end of early childhood - Most popular during middle childhood
fat - sugar
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Rough - and - Tumble
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
10. Mental structure in which childrens knowledge is ordered into
Erikson stage one
Erikson stage four
Schemas
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
11. The infant shows insecurity and signs of being disoriented
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Bandura's beliefs
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Disorganized disoriented attachment
12. Development is motivated by the search for a stable balance toward effective adaptations
Equilibrium
Preconventional
How to help an abused child cope
Centration
13. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
Piaget's Contributions
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
14. 12: girls taller/boys weigh more - 13/14: boys taller & weigh more - 18: boys 4' taller 20 lbs heavier - Acceleration large motor physical strength in boys - Clumsy initially -- fast growth arms/legs - Quickly acquire ease of movement
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Erikson stage one
basis of temperament
Inductive reasoning
15. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3yrs) - virtue - Will - Central issue: Can I act on my own? toddler learns how to explore - experiment - make mistakes and test limits to gain self independence of self reliance -
BMI (body mass index)
Erikson stage two
Categories of Abuse
Perceptual Motor Disability
16. Piaget suggested that a child's mind seeks a ________________. At each stage - children form a new way to operate and adapt to the world.
State of equilibrium
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Seriation
Casual Reasoning
17. Strongly improves child's problem - solving abilities - E.g. reading buddies
Educational Implications of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Value of shared activity?
1
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
18. Often during elementary school - Have rules - are competitive - pleasurable - Preschool games more about taking turns - Replace around age 12 by practice play and organized sports - Can be engaged in throughout life
Constructive play
Games with Rules
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Pretend or Imaginative play
19. Infant shows - Insecurity - Signs of being disoriented
Conceptual - learning process
Functional play
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Assimilation
20. Collective set of inborn traits help to construct a child's approach to the world
Piaget's Contributions
1
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Temperament
21. By 10-12 girls/boys same height/weight - Vast differences gross fine motor skills - Boys' leg/arm muscle coordination stronger - Run faster; jump - catch - throw - kick farther - Girls: stronger fine motor skills - More coordinated hand - manipulatio
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Goodness of fit
22. 8 intelligences - intelligence and talent are two different things. Eight intelligences are linguistic - musical - logical - mathematical - spatial - bodily - kinesthetic - interpersonal - naturalistic - existential
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23. Children observe adult repeatedly punching & knocking down inflated doll - Later - children imitated aggressive behavior in classroom
Anger - sadness
Metacognition
Bobo doll experiment
Bandura's beliefs
24. Condition of significantly sub - average intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior; implies an inability to perform at least some of the ordinary tasks of daily living skills; IQ of 0-70 in categories of mild - moderate - severe -
Cognitive
Mental Retardation
Self - efficacy
Mixed temperaments
25. Ages 4 to 10 in which children obey because they're parents tell them to and fear consequences - Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Preconventional
Erikson stage four
basic groups of temperament
26. Preconventional - conventional - postconventional
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27. Toddlers and preschoolers use objects to make something
Constructive play
Transducive reasoning
B.F. Skinner
Some causes of child maltreatment
28. Sensorimotor - preoperational - concrete operations - formal operations
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29. Mood - generally - Environment - Activity - Threshold for reacting to stimulation
basis of temperament
John Watson
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
30. Occurs when children take existing schemes and adjust them to fit their experience piano/keyboard
Erikson stage two
Accomodation
Casual Reasoning
1
31. A collective set of inborn traits that help to construct a child's approach to the world
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
Erikson stage three
Temperament
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
32. 1. Secure Attachment 2. Anxious - Resistant Attachment 3. Anxious - Avoidant Attachment 4. Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Noam Chomsky
Intelligence
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Patterns of attachment
33. Middle childhood - 7 to 11 years - mastery of conservation the child begins to think logically - (7-11 yrs) Children understand conservation - less egocentrism - understand hierarchal classification - can focus on multiple aspects at a time. Children
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Functional play
34. ____ theorists agree that ____ activities serve a valuable function in the development of important ____ and ____ skills in children.
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
play - social - emotional
Temperament
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
35. A successful childhood counseling treatment b/c it allows children to feel less threatened while working out conflicts and expressing their unresolved feelings
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Play therapy
Zone of proximal development
Temperament
36. Mental retardation via FAS - FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Low birth weight - Unusual facial characteristics
Symbolic function substage
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Scaffolding
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
37. Vygotsky believed _____ is an essential aspect of cultural development and that _____ growth and language are _____ based
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Language - cognitive - socially
Temperament
Diet - poor
38. Children actively construct their knowledge through society
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Language Development
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Assimilation
39. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning through the salvation of dogs on the ringing of a bell.
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Seriation
Ivan Pavlov
Social Development
40. Allow the student to sit behind others so that the student won't disturb others - and teach the student to tap his pencil on a sleeve or leg instead of the table
Transitive Inference
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
41. Temporary support system to support child until task can be mastered alone
Scaffolding
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Goodness of fit
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
42. An internalized set of rules influencing the feelings - thoughts and behavior of an individual in deciding what is right and wrong.
Influences on Development
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Moral Development or Morality
Games with Rules
43. Children respond automatically since they have formed an association between a stimulus and the response
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Mental Retardation
Classical conditioning
Rough - and - Tumble
44. Educational Implications of Language Development: Teachers must be aware that the process of language development is multifaceted - including...
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Anger - sadness
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Preconventional
45. Considerable interest in - Struggle with eating disorders possible
Erikson stage three
Games with Rules
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
46. Modern descendent of the first successful intelligence test that measures general intelligence and four factors verbal reasoning - quantitative reasoning - spatial reasoning - and short - term memory.
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Growth and Development - Early Childhood -- gender diffs
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
47. 1. Provides an alternative to behavior theorists' belief that children are merely passive learners. Children actively move through operational stages.
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48. Improves physical strength & coordination - If successful then self - esteem can be highly boosted via approval of peers
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- athletics -- boys
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
How to help an abused child cope
49. Transformations in a child's thought - language - and intelligence. Theories: 1. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development 2. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development 3. Multi - theoretical perspectives of language - intelligence - and children with spe
Cognitive Development
3 essential elements of scaffolding
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Postconventional
50. The infant uses the caregiver as the secure base to explore the environment
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Secure attachment