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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mental structure in which childrens knowledge is ordered into
Schemas
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
basis of temperament
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
2. Alcohol - Nicotine - Drugs
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Common Teratogens
Erikson stage four
Goodness of fit
3. Allow them to work through whatever range of feelings they have
Dyslexia
Why teachers must familiar with signs and symptoms of child abuse
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
How to help an abused child cope
4. Poor hygiene - E.g. - soiled clothes - dirty hair - body odor - Poor nutrition - E.g. - excessive hunger - weight loss
Assimilation
Constructive play
Anxious resistant attachment
Characteristics of neglect
5. Behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat
Piaget's Contributions
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
John Watson
6. Identity vs. Identity Confusion (10-20 years - adolescence) - Finding out who they are - what they are all about - where they are going in life. - Confronted with new roles and adult statuses (vocational and romantic) - Identity confusion occurs when
Erikson stage three
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
basic groups of temperament
Erikson stage five
7. Difficulty paying attention - Easily distracted - Show hyperactivity - Become frustrated easily - Difficulty controlling muscle or motor activity (constantly moving) - Difficulty staying on task - succumbing to whatever attracts their attention - Sho
Characteristics of neglect
Accomodation
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Self - efficacy
8. Through repetition (and based upon the child's experience) - learning is predictable - Teachers can help children be successful by making their world more orderly and predictable - Teachers will recognize that a child's learned experiences can accou
Temperament
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
begining of imagination
Schemas
9. Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence - creative intelligence - and practical intelligence
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Casual Reasoning
10. Come from both heredity and environment. Many typical changes during childhood are related to maturation. Individual differences tend to increase with age
Influences on Development
Postconventional
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Zone of proximal development
11. Ages 4 to 10 in which children obey because they're parents tell them to and fear consequences - Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
Preconventional
basic groups of temperament
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
Cognitive Development
12. Recognition that objects and events continue to exist even when they are not visible
Object permanence
types of play
1
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
13. Using objects to make something - Combines sensorimotor movements and creation/construction of something - Toddlers & preschoolers
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Diet - poor
Constructive play
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
14. Development is motivated by the search for a stable balance toward effective adaptations
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Object permanence
Casual Reasoning
Equilibrium
15. Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition - stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language - humans have an inborn native ability to develop language
Pretend or Imaginative play
Growth and Development - Infancy
Noam Chomsky
Characteristics of neglect
16. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Influential - personality - emotional
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
17. Refers to the match between a child's temperament and environmental demands the child must deal with
Goodness of fit
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Bobo doll experiment
18. Easy (flexible) - Difficult (active or feisty) - Slow- to - warm - up (cautious)
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Anxious resistant attachment
basic groups of temperament
Categories of Abuse
19. Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. he is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons a
Growth and Development - Infancy
B.F. Skinner
Animism
Educational Implications of Moral Development
20. Collective set of inborn traits help to construct a child's approach to the world
Cognitive Development
Temperament
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Erikson stage three
21. Birth defects - Premature birth - Low birth weight - Neurological disturbances - High startle rate - Learning disabilities - Slowed motor development
Effect of play
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
types of play
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
22. Play is critical to _____ advancement in children
Goodness of fit
Cognitive
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Anxious avoidant attachment
23. The way children incorporate new information with existing schemes in order to form a new cognitive structure - fitting the new knowledge into a template of existing schemes
Secure attachment
Mixed temperaments
Assimilation
Patterns of attachment
24. Often during elementary school - Have rules - are competitive - pleasurable - Preschool games more about taking turns - Replace around age 12 by practice play and organized sports - Can be engaged in throughout life
Goodness of fit
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Games with Rules
Language - cognitive - socially
25. An internalized set of rules influencing the feelings - thoughts and behavior of an individual in deciding what is right and wrong.
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
Moral Development or Morality
Centration
Object permanence
26. The ability to draw conclusions about a relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship to a third object
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
Transitive Inference
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Effect of play
27. Boys/girls about same weight/height - Girls growing only slightly slower than boys
Inductive reasoning
Growth and Development - Infancy -- gender differences
Erikson stage one
Mixed temperaments
28. 1. Use of mediators for learning - A connection/intermediary between the child and that which is to be learned - E.g. - an adult or older child 2. Emphasis of language and shared activity for learning 3. Shared activity
3 essential elements of scaffolding
When assessing a child
Mixed temperaments
Pretend or Imaginative play
29. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years - preschool years) - - As challenges occur - initiative is needed for purposeful behavior - responsibility for body - behavior - toys - pets - etc...The child may feel like anything he does may dissappoint people aroun
Assimilation
Equilibrium
Erikson stage three
Goodness of fit
30. Children believe that their thoughts can cause actions whether or not the experiences have a casual relationship - when I move the clouds move - god moves - sun moves - wind currents move
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Casual Reasoning
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Some causes of child maltreatment
31. The infant becomes anxious before the caregiver leaves and is upset during their absence
Pretend or Imaginative play
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale - IQ Test
Schemas
Anxious resistant attachment
32. The distance between a child's actual performance and a child's potential performance
Erikson stage five
Irreversibility
Zone of proximal development
Social Development
33. Home environment influences much of a child's _____. Diets of minority families and socioeconomically deprived children are especially ____.
Diet - poor
Language - cognitive - socially
Schemas
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
34. Strongly improves child's problem - solving abilities - E.g. reading buddies
Pretend or Imaginative play
Value of shared activity?
Stage 3- Concrete operations period
Anxious avoidant attachment
35. Children observe adult repeatedly punching & knocking down inflated doll - Later - children imitated aggressive behavior in classroom
When assessing a child
Bobo doll experiment
basic groups of temperament
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
36. Match between a child's temperament and environment or demands on child - Ex: quiet child in boisterous family - Ex: active child in scholarly family >
Goodness of fit
Child's reaction to abuse
Play therapy
Games with Rules
37. By 10-12 girls/boys same height/weight - Vast differences gross fine motor skills - Boys' leg/arm muscle coordination stronger - Run faster; jump - catch - throw - kick farther - Girls: stronger fine motor skills - More coordinated hand - manipulatio
Piaget's Contributions
Egocentrism
Erikson stage five
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
38. At about 18 months
Constructive play
Patterns of attachment
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
begining of imagination
39. Sensorimotor - preoperational - concrete operations - formal operations
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40. WISC. IQ test designed for school - age children. Test assesses potential in many areas - including vocabulary - knowledge - memory - spatial comprehension
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
Conventional
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
B.F. Skinner
41. Stresses importance of advancing learning via observing & modeling the: behaviors - attitudes - emotional reactions of others
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42. Formation of: body parts - major organs
Patterns of attachment
Stage 1- Sensorimotor stage
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Embryonic stage 2-8 wks
43. A study found that children could be described with 9 characteristics they then grouped into 3
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
fat - sugar
Scaffolding
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
44. Young children cannot differentiate between their own perspectives and feelings and someone elses
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Transducive reasoning
Egocentrism
Some causes of child maltreatment
45. 1. Teachers can use behavior modification in the classroom as a learning tool (altering the environment or situation to produce a more favorable outcome) 2. Teachers can reinforce positive behavior to produce subsequent desirable behaviors (e.g. - po
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Teachers
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Scaffolding
46. Estimates indicate ___% of children in US follow all the dietary guidelines.
Rough - and - Tumble
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
1
47. Piaget suggested that a child's mind seeks a ________________. At each stage - children form a new way to operate and adapt to the world.
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Patterns of attachment
State of equilibrium
Physical abuse - Neglect - Sexual abuse
48. The infant readily separates from the caregiver and actively avoids the parent upon return
Anxious avoidant attachment
Anger - sadness
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Educational Implications of Moral Development
49. Mental retardation via FAS - FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Low birth weight - Unusual facial characteristics
Conservation
Cognitive
begining of imagination
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
50. 1. Physical Abuse 2. Physical Neglect 3. Sexual Abuse 4. Emotional Maltreatment
Intelligence
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Games with rules play
Categories of Abuse