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Test your basic knowledge |
CSET Subtest III: Human Development - 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
cset
,
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Secure Attachment 2. Anxious - Resistant Attachment 3. Anxious - Avoidant Attachment 4. Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
basic groups of temperament
Patterns of attachment
Noam Chomsky
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
2. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years - preschool years) - - As challenges occur - initiative is needed for purposeful behavior - responsibility for body - behavior - toys - pets - etc...The child may feel like anything he does may dissappoint people aroun
Erikson stage one
State of equilibrium
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
Erikson stage three
3. Temperament traits are _____ in development of _____ and way a child shows _____ responses.
Value of shared activity?
Influential - personality - emotional
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
4. 12-18 years old - Puberty - Growth spurts and concomitant clumsiness
Irreversibility
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Anxious resistant attachment
5. Child uses caregiver as secure base from which to explore environment - example - Child freely separates from parent to play
basic groups of temperament
Growth and Development - Infancy
Secure Attachment
play - social - emotional
6. Young children cannot differentiate between their own perspectives and feelings and someone elses
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Egocentrism
Object permanence
Language Development
7. Considerable interest in - Struggle with eating disorders possible
Erikson stage three
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- body image
B.F. Skinner
8. Be consistent and write down predictable outlines - schedules - and deadlines - Demonstrate and model appropriate behavior - giving positive reinforcement - Talk slowly - making eye contact when possible - and keep conversations brief - Keep peripher
Scaffolding
Guidelines for teachers to help children with learning disabilities
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood
9. Much of what we know about how children think feel and respond to the world come from him. His theory states that children predictable and orderly stages of cognitive development and at each stage they form a new way to operate and adapt to the world
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10. 2 most common feelings a child presents surrounding abuse
Erikson stage three
Scaffolding
Egocentrism
Anger - sadness
11. Condition of significantly sub - average intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior; implies an inability to perform at least some of the ordinary tasks of daily living skills; IQ of 0-70 in categories of mild - moderate - severe -
Mental Retardation
B.F. Skinner
Noam Chomsky
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Nicotine
12. Collective set of inborn traits help to construct a child's approach to the world
Operant conditioning
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Scaffolding
Temperament
13. Vygotsky believed _____ is an essential aspect of cultural development and that _____ growth and language are _____ based
Goodness of fit
Intelligence
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Language - cognitive - socially
14. 2-6 years old - Much of baby fat disappears as arms/legs grow longer - Pot belly disappears - internal organs no longer growing faster than body cavity - Decrease in weight is attributed to - walking - fatty tissues start growing at slower rate
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
1
15. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3yrs) - virtue - Will - Central issue: Can I act on my own? toddler learns how to explore - experiment - make mistakes and test limits to gain self independence of self reliance -
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Erikson stage two
Anxious avoidant attachment
Growth and Development - Infancy
16. Sensorimotor - preoperational - concrete operations - formal operations
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17. Infant shows - Insecurity - Signs of being disoriented
Disorganized - Disoriented Attachment
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
Educational Implications for Children with Learning Disabilities
Characteristics of physical abuse
18. Child becomes upset when caregiver leaves - is upset during absence
Child's cognitive ability
basis of temperament
Self - efficacy
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
19. WISC. IQ test designed for school - age children. Test assesses potential in many areas - including vocabulary - knowledge - memory - spatial comprehension
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
Educational Implications of Moral Development
Vygotsky - Premise of his theory
20. A learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols; also known as a developmental reading disorder. Skip or reverse words. Confuses left and right reading.
Erikson stage four
Erikson stage three
Dyslexia
Diet - poor
21. Often during elementary school - Have rules - are competitive - pleasurable - Preschool games more about taking turns - Replace around age 12 by practice play and organized sports - Can be engaged in throughout life
Games with Rules
Play therapy
Games with rules play
Growth and Development - Adolescence -- gender differences
22. Children respond automatically since they have formed an association between a stimulus and the response
Characteristics of neglect
Classical conditioning
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
Some causes of child maltreatment
23. An internalized set of rules influencing the feelings - thoughts and behavior of an individual in deciding what is right and wrong.
1
Moral Development or Morality
Conservation
Rough and tumble play
24. 1. Child is physically injured by other than accidental means 2. child is subjected to willful cruelty or unjustifiable punishment 3. child is abused or exploited sexually 4. child is neglected by a parent or caretaker who fails to provide adequate f
Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Law - Under CA law abuse includes these situations
Cognitive Development
Pretend or Imaginative play
Anxious - Avoidant Attachment
25. Birth defects - Premature birth - Low birth weight - Neurological disturbances - High startle rate - Learning disabilities - Slowed motor development
Games with rules play
Behaviors related to hyperactivity or attention disability
Transducive reasoning
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
26. Children make errors in their thinking because they cannot understand that an operation moves in more than one direction
Games with rules play
types of play
Irreversibility
Behavior modification
27. The infant becomes anxious before the caregiver leaves and is upset during their absence
Anxious resistant attachment
State of equilibrium
Effect of play
Mary Ainsworth attachment theory
28. The 4th of Piaget's periods: beginning from 11 years. Form of intelligence in which higher level mental operations make possible logical reasoning with respect to abstract and hypothetical events and not merely concrete objects. Hypothetical Deductiv
Stage 4- Formal operations period
Mental Retardation
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Effect of play
29. Mental retardation via FAS - FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Low birth weight - Unusual facial characteristics
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Alcohol
Growth and Development - Middle Childhood - gender differences
Dyslexia
Characteristics of physical abuse
30. Good way to evaluate child's body fat is to review their...
play - social - emotional
BMI (body mass index)
Growth and Development - Adolescence
Erikson stage three
31. Vygotsky - Every function in a child's cultural development appears twice -- when?
Growth and Development - Early Childhood
1st between people - 2nd internally w/in child
Temperament
basis of temperament
32. Trust vs. Mistrust - infancy to 1st year - Physical comfort - minimal fear and low apprehension about the future. Sets stage for life long expectation that world is good. The absence of trust can result in eaving the infant feeeling suspicious - guar
Erikson stage five
John Watson
Erikson stage one
Growth and Development - Infancy
33. Mother's age - Birth complications for younger & older mothers - Mother's nutrition
Schemas
Influences on Development: 2 Other possible impacts on fetus development
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Characteristics of physical abuse
34. The infant readily separates from the caregiver and actively avoids the parent upon return
Anxious avoidant attachment
Games with rules play
Thomas & Chess temperament theory
Transducive reasoning
35. A Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning through the salvation of dogs on the ringing of a bell.
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Reasoning
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - IQ Test
Ivan Pavlov
36. Lack of parenting skills - Economic stressors - Lack of education - Repetition of generational family abuse
Characteristics of physical abuse
Preconventional
Some causes of child maltreatment
Assimilation
37. Ages 10 -13 in which children are more concerned about the opinions of their peers. Second level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development in which the child's behavior is governed by conforming to the society's norms of behavior
Anxious - Resistant Attachment
Conventional
Growth and Development - Infancy
Secure Attachment
38. Environmental agents that can cause abnormalities in a fetus - Prevent or modify normal cell division - Danger - thus - greatest during embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)
Moral Development or Morality
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Influences on Development - Prenatal -- Teratogens
39. Educational Implications of Language Development: Teachers must be aware that the process of language development is multifaceted - including...
Goodness of fit
Noam Chomsky
Centration
Physical sounds - cognitive thought - and social interactions
40. Altering the environment or situation to produce a more favorable outcome
Hypothetical deductive reasoning
Anger - sadness
Symbolic function substage
Behavior modification
41. Preconventional - conventional - postconventional
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42. Easy (flexible) - Difficult (active or feisty) - Slow- to - warm - up (cautious)
Characteristics of sexual abuse
types of play
Influences on Development: Potential impact Teratogens on fetus: Drugs
basic groups of temperament
43. Match between a child's temperament and environment or demands on child - Ex: quiet child in boisterous family - Ex: active child in scholarly family >
basic groups of temperament
Perceptual Motor Disability
Goodness of fit
Object permanence
44. Piaget quantified the __________________ - suggesting that there are predictable and orderly developmental accomplishments. Children can be tested at each stage to verify their level of cognitive understanding.
Guideline for dealing with hyperactive children
Conceptual - learning process
Audtory Perceptural Disability
Behavior modification
45. Early childhood - 2 to 7 years - Egocentric focus on symbolic thought and imagination - This stage lasts from about two to seven years of age. During this stage - children get better at symbolic thought - but they can't yet reason. According to Piage
Scaffolding
Stage 2- Preoperational period
Casual Reasoning
Rough - and - Tumble
46. Children transform symbols into make believe play also pretending
Characteristics of sexual abuse
Pretend or Imaginative play
Centration
Inductive reasoning
47. 8 intelligences - intelligence and talent are two different things. Eight intelligences are linguistic - musical - logical - mathematical - spatial - bodily - kinesthetic - interpersonal - naturalistic - existential
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48. Behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat
Pretend or Imaginative play
Educational Implications of Classical Conditioning
John Watson
fat - sugar
49. Play is a social activity children engage in just for...
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
types of play
BMI (body mass index)
Its own sake
50. Piaget suggested that a child's mind seeks a ________________. At each stage - children form a new way to operate and adapt to the world.
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Value of shared activity?
State of equilibrium
Educational Implications of Operant Conditioning