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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






2. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






3. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






4. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






5. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






6. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






7. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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8. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






9. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






10. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






11. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






12. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






13. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






14. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






15. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






16. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






17. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






18. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






19. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






20. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






21. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






22. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






23. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






24. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






25. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






26. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






27. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






28. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






29. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






30. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






31. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






32. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






33. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






34. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






35. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






36. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






37. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






38. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






39. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






40. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






41. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






42. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






43. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






44. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






45. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






46. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






47. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






48. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






49. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






50. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.







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