Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






2. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






3. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






4. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






5. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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6. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






7. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






8. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






9. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






10. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






11. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






12. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






13. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






14. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






15. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






16. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






17. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






18. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






19. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






20. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






21. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






22. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






23. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






24. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






25. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






26. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






27. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






28. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






29. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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30. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






31. Pictures are remembered better than words.






32. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






33. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






34. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






35. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






36. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






37. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






38. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






39. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






40. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






41. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






42. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






43. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






44. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






45. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






46. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






47. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






48. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






49. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






50. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)