Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






2. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






3. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






4. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






5. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






6. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






7. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






8. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






9. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






10. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






11. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






12. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






13. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






14. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






15. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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16. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






17. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






18. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






19. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






20. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






21. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






22. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






23. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






24. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






25. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






26. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






27. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






28. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






29. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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30. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






31. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






32. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






33. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






34. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






35. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






36. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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37. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






38. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






39. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






40. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






41. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






42. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






43. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






44. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






45. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






46. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






47. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






48. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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49. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






50. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.