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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Scaling Fallacy
Convergence
Waist to Hip Ratio
Exposure Effect
2. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Inverted Pyramid
Mimicry
Structural Forms
Readability
3. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Affordance
Chunking
Rosenthal Effect
Normal Distribution
4. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Feedback Loop
Cognitive Dissonance
Life Cycle
Redundancy
5. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Rosenthal Effect
Mimicry
Alignment
Readability
6. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Exposure Effect
Threat detection
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
7. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Layering
Threat detection
Pygmalion Effect
Law of Pragnanz
8. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Comparison
Cognitive Dissonance
Demand Characteristics
Prospect-Refuge
9. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Convergence
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Law of Pragnanz
Progressive Disclosure
10. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Readability
Alignment
Classical Conditioning
Progressive Disclosure
11. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
12. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Five Hat Racks
Legibility
Archetype
Chunking
13. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Wayfinding
Shaping
Baby-Face Bias
Storytelling
14. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Errors
Uncertainty Principle
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Form Follows Function
15. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Pygmalion Effect
Confirmation
Iconic Representation
Symmetry
16. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Forgiveness
Consistency
Savanna Preference
Legibility
17. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Errors
Layering
Good Continuation
Defensible Space
18. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.
Face- ism Ratio
Depth of Processing
Classical Conditioning
Immersion
19. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Highlighting
Self- similarity
Form Follows Function
Three- Dimensional Projection
20. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.
80/20 Rule
Entry Point
Highlighting
Prototyping
21. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Depth of Processing
Hierarchy
Waist to Hip Ratio
Normal Distribution
22. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Rosenthal Effect
Archetype
Satisficing
Golden Ratio
23. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Highlighting
Picture Superiority Effect
Constancy
Alignment
24. An original model on which something is patterned
Form Follows Function
Archetype
Garbage In - Garbage Out
80/20 Rule
25. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Readability
Iconic Representation
Three- Dimensional Projection
Closure
26. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Wayfinding
Proximity
Ockham's Razor
Expectation Effect
27. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Redundancy
Errors
Inverted Pyramid
Cognitive Dissonance
28. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Symmetry
Common Fate
Interference Effects
Errors
29. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.
Exposure Effect
Common Fate
Iconic Representation
Savanna Preference
30. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Serial Position Effects
Archetype
Forgiveness
Exposure Effect
31. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Form Follows Function
Rosenthal Effect
Orientation Sensitivity
Constancy
32. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Pygmalion Effect
Threat detection
Face- ism Ratio
Inverted Pyramid
33. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Performance Load
Redundancy
Performance vs. Preference
34. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Baby-Face Bias
Expectation Effect
Factor of Safety
Rule of Thirds
35. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Uniform Connectedness
Form Follows Function
Savanna Preference
Golden Ratio
36. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Gutenberg Diagram
Prototyping
Convergence
Satisficing
37. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Control
Savanna Preference
Constraint
Legibility
38. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Recognition over recall
Development Cycle
Scaling Fallacy
Convergence
39. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Golden Ratio
Affordance
Closure
Interference Effects
40. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Defensible Space
Mimicry
Orientation Sensitivity
Mental Model
41. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Performance Load
Form Follows Function
Framing
Life Cycle
42. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Confirmation
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Performance Load
Law of Pragnanz
43. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Iteration
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Rosenthal Effect
Immersion
44. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Attractiveness Bias
Proximity
Satisficing
Structural Forms
45. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Visibility
Constancy
Halo Effect
Mental Model
46. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.
Errors
Mental Model
Legibility
Readability
47. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Inverted Pyramid
Gutenberg Diagram
Consistency
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
48. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)
Operant Conditioning
Comparison
Face- ism Ratio
Hawthorne Effect
49. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Inverted Pyramid
Operant Conditioning
Factor of Safety
Uniform Connectedness
50. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.
Control
80/20 Rule
Chunking
Attractiveness Bias