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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Rosenthal Effect
Law of Pragnanz
2. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Forgiveness
Storytelling
Comparison
Legibility
3. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Five Hat Racks
Attractiveness Bias
Iconic Representation
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
4. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Rosenthal Effect
Redundancy
Picture Superiority Effect
Fibonacci Sequence
5. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Uncertainty Principle
Wayfinding
Recognition over recall
Accessibility
6. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Von Restorff Effect
Savanna Preference
Visibility
Uniform Connectedness
7. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)
Cost-Benefit
Uniform Connectedness
80/20 Rule
Rosenthal Effect
8. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Prospect-Refuge
Satisficing
Ockham's Razor
Form Follows Function
9. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Orientation Sensitivity
Depth of Processing
Structural Forms
Savanna Preference
10. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Cognitive Dissonance
Form Follows Function
Law of Pragnanz
Satisficing
11. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Weakest Link
Affordance
Life Cycle
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
12. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.
Highlighting
Cost-Benefit
Uncertainty Principle
Baby-Face Bias
13. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Iteration
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Normal Distribution
Picture Superiority Effect
14. An original model on which something is patterned
Exposure Effect
Redundancy
Pygmalion Effect
Archetype
15. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Redundancy
Legibility
Interference Effects
Form Follows Function
16. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Mental Model
Mnemonic Device
Symmetry
Errors
17. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Convergence
Gutenberg Diagram
Serial Position Effects
Constraint
18. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Control
Operant Conditioning
Rule of Thirds
Scaling Fallacy
19. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Depth of Processing
Baby-Face Bias
Hierarchy
Serial Position Effects
20. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Framing
80/20 Rule
Convergence
Similarity
21. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Self- similarity
Interference Effects
Gutenberg Diagram
Classical Conditioning
22. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Pygmalion Effect
Prototyping
Good Continuation
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
23. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Development Cycle
Wayfinding
Factor of Safety
Comparison
24. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Feedback Loop
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Structural Forms
Expectation Effect
25. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.
Chunking
Hick's Law
Exposure Effect
Waist to Hip Ratio
26. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Factor of Safety
Confirmation
Cognitive Dissonance
Ockham's Razor
27. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Highlighting
Normal Distribution
Placebo effect
28. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Constancy
Baby-Face Bias
Redundancy
Iteration
29. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Uncertainty Principle
Convergence
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Von Restorff Effect
30. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Framing
Performance Load
Golden Ratio
Von Restorff Effect
31. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Shaping
Forgiveness
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Von Restorff Effect
32. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Closure
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Wayfinding
Framing
33. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Convergence
Constancy
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Visibility
34. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Feedback Loop
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Alignment
Placebo effect
35. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Proximity
80/20 Rule
Orientation Sensitivity
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
36. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Shaping
Pygmalion Effect
Classical Conditioning
Hick's Law
37. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.
38. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).
80/20 Rule
Defensible Space
Prospect-Refuge
Uncertainty Principle
39. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
40. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Readability
Satisficing
Prototyping
41. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Proximity
Pygmalion Effect
Immersion
Development Cycle
42. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Attractiveness Bias
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Baby-Face Bias
Mapping
43. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Performance vs. Preference
Convergence
Highlighting
Prototyping
44. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Placebo effect
Closure
Cognitive Dissonance
45. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.
Visibility
Consistency
Ockham's Razor
Recognition over recall
46. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Demand Characteristics
Similarity
Comparison
Top- Down Lighting Bias
47. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Factor of Safety
Fibonacci Sequence
Halo Effect
Exposure Effect
48. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Von Restorff Effect
Demand Characteristics
Proximity
Progressive Disclosure
49. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Threat detection
Performance vs. Preference
Wayfinding
Operant Conditioning
50. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.
Closure
Mental Model
Chunking
Uniform Connectedness