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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






2. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






3. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






4. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






5. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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6. Pictures are remembered better than words.






7. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






8. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






9. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






10. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






11. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






12. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






13. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






14. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






15. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






16. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






17. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






18. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






19. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






20. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






21. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






22. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






23. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






24. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






25. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






26. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






27. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






28. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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29. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






30. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






31. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






32. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






33. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






34. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






35. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






36. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






37. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






38. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






39. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






40. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






41. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






42. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






43. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






44. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






45. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






46. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






47. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






48. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






49. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






50. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.







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