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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Normal Distribution
Accessibility
Face- ism Ratio
Attractiveness Bias
2. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Similarity
Law of Pragnanz
Defensible Space
Constraint
3. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).
Modularity
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Prospect-Refuge
Threat detection
4. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Satisficing
Closure
Interference Effects
Forgiveness
5. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Wayfinding
Three- Dimensional Projection
Figure-Ground Relationship
6. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Similarity
Hick's Law
Orientation Sensitivity
Top- Down Lighting Bias
7. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)
Waist to Hip Ratio
Uniform Connectedness
Confirmation
Cost-Benefit
8. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Halo Effect
Hierarchy
Cost-Benefit
Convergence
9. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Framing
Chunking
Closure
Mapping
10. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Mnemonic Device
Entry Point
Development Cycle
80/20 Rule
11. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
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12. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Rule of Thirds
Expectation Effect
Iconic Representation
Legibility
13. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Law of Pragnanz
Demand Characteristics
Feedback Loop
Entry Point
14. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Storytelling
Threat detection
Form Follows Function
Orientation Sensitivity
15. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Golden Ratio
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Fibonacci Sequence
Cost-Benefit
16. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Ockham's Razor
Common Fate
Consistency
Hawthorne Effect
17. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Affordance
Golden Ratio
Classical Conditioning
Attractiveness Bias
18. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Cognitive Dissonance
Common Fate
Prototyping
Shaping
19. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Comparison
Shaping
Halo Effect
Modularity
20. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Alignment
Affordance
Layering
Iconic Representation
21. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Pygmalion Effect
Threat detection
Fibonacci Sequence
Fitts' Law
22. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Alignment
Expectation Effect
Entry Point
Mental Model
23. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Inverted Pyramid
Highlighting
Wayfinding
Figure-Ground Relationship
24. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Errors
Fitts' Law
Confirmation
Structural Forms
25. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
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26. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Uncertainty Principle
Convergence
Errors
Layering
27. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Cost-Benefit
Five Hat Racks
Performance Load
Archetype
28. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Legibility
Rule of Thirds
Performance Load
Forgiveness
29. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Wayfinding
Performance vs. Preference
Uncertainty Principle
80/20 Rule
30. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Similarity
Layering
Inverted Pyramid
Uncertainty Principle
31. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Rosenthal Effect
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Consistency
Five Hat Racks
32. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Entry Point
Hick's Law
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Factor of Safety
33. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.
80/20 Rule
Serial Position Effects
Prototyping
Attractiveness Bias
34. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Normal Distribution
Wayfinding
Hawthorne Effect
Readability
35. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Legibility
Gutenberg Diagram
Picture Superiority Effect
Similarity
36. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Immersion
Visibility
Figure-Ground Relationship
Gutenberg Diagram
37. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Good Continuation
Placebo effect
Visibility
Uniform Connectedness
38. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Rosenthal Effect
Figure-Ground Relationship
Constancy
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
39. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Development Cycle
Rule of Thirds
Proximity
Five Hat Racks
40. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.
Defensible Space
Modularity
Classical Conditioning
Errors
41. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Progressive Disclosure
Baby-Face Bias
Prototyping
Shaping
42. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Performance Load
Mimicry
Cognitive Dissonance
Layering
43. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
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44. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Affordance
Confirmation
Attractiveness Bias
Life Cycle
45. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Picture Superiority Effect
Framing
Law of Pragnanz
Hick's Law
46. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Iteration
Savanna Preference
Pygmalion Effect
Factor of Safety
47. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Closure
Control
Iconic Representation
Performance vs. Preference
48. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.
Face- ism Ratio
Highlighting
Depth of Processing
Shaping
49. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.
Control
Structural Forms
Picture Superiority Effect
Cognitive Dissonance
50. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Errors
Uncertainty Principle
Waist to Hip Ratio
Common Fate
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