Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






2. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






3. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






4. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






5. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






6. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






7. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






8. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






9. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






10. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






11. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






12. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






13. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






14. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






15. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






16. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






17. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






18. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






19. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






20. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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21. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






22. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






23. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






24. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






25. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






26. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






27. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






28. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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29. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






30. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






31. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






32. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






33. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






34. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






35. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






36. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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37. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






38. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






39. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






40. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






41. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






42. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






43. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






44. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






45. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






46. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






47. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






48. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






49. Pictures are remembered better than words.






50. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.