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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Hawthorne Effect
Waist to Hip Ratio
Shaping
Comparison
2. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Halo Effect
Orientation Sensitivity
Gutenberg Diagram
Threat detection
3. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Convergence
Placebo effect
Gutenberg Diagram
Baby-Face Bias
4. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Layering
Hick's Law
Life Cycle
Errors
5. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Normal Distribution
Orientation Sensitivity
Placebo effect
Fibonacci Sequence
6. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Layering
Five Hat Racks
Rule of Thirds
Depth of Processing
7. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Accessibility
Convergence
Mental Model
Weakest Link
8. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Expectation Effect
Immersion
Prototyping
Framing
9. An original model on which something is patterned
Face- ism Ratio
Archetype
Figure-Ground Relationship
Mnemonic Device
10. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).
Prospect-Refuge
Threat detection
Legibility
Archetype
11. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Form Follows Function
Constancy
Rule of Thirds
Visibility
12. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Fibonacci Sequence
Structural Forms
Placebo effect
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
13. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Face- ism Ratio
Performance Load
Defensible Space
14. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Satisficing
Five Hat Racks
Symmetry
Framing
15. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.
Chunking
Satisficing
Interference Effects
Garbage In - Garbage Out
16. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
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17. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Mapping
Inverted Pyramid
Prototyping
Rosenthal Effect
18. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Constraint
Errors
Shaping
Serial Position Effects
19. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.
Performance Load
Good Continuation
Entry Point
80/20 Rule
20. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Alignment
Closure
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
21. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)
Fibonacci Sequence
Factor of Safety
Progressive Disclosure
Face- ism Ratio
22. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
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23. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Placebo effect
Hawthorne Effect
Proximity
Factor of Safety
24. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Structural Forms
Storytelling
Framing
Form Follows Function
25. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Constraint
Forgiveness
Mnemonic Device
Factor of Safety
26. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Wayfinding
Constancy
Progressive Disclosure
Normal Distribution
27. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Fitts' Law
Performance Load
Accessibility
Performance vs. Preference
28. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Operant Conditioning
Proximity
Closure
Immersion
29. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.
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30. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Normal Distribution
Recognition over recall
Defensible Space
Visibility
31. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Legibility
Von Restorff Effect
Rule of Thirds
Similarity
32. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Mapping
Shaping
80/20 Rule
Orientation Sensitivity
33. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Form Follows Function
Forgiveness
Consistency
Legibility
34. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Attractiveness Bias
Scaling Fallacy
Hawthorne Effect
Legibility
35. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Confirmation
Convergence
Form Follows Function
Closure
36. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Golden Ratio
Weakest Link
Inverted Pyramid
Shaping
37. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Symmetry
Archetype
Exposure Effect
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
38. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Layering
Halo Effect
Picture Superiority Effect
Symmetry
39. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Satisficing
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Expectation Effect
Face- ism Ratio
40. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Layering
Entry Point
Classical Conditioning
Performance vs. Preference
41. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.
Consistency
Law of Pragnanz
Affordance
Shaping
42. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Performance Load
Law of Pragnanz
Readability
Golden Ratio
43. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
80/20 Rule
Mimicry
Closure
Recognition over recall
44. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Pygmalion Effect
Uniform Connectedness
Face- ism Ratio
Halo Effect
45. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Convergence
Threat detection
Face- ism Ratio
Development Cycle
46. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Exposure Effect
Symmetry
Iteration
Highlighting
47. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.
Affordance
Mental Model
Cognitive Dissonance
Symmetry
48. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.
Wayfinding
Modularity
Classical Conditioning
Control
49. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Ockham's Razor
Control
Threat detection
Defensible Space
50. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Recognition over recall
Confirmation
Inverted Pyramid
Law of Pragnanz
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