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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Modularity
Feedback Loop
Von Restorff Effect
Satisficing
2. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Hierarchy
Immersion
Hick's Law
Form Follows Function
3. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)
Uncertainty Principle
Scaling Fallacy
Fibonacci Sequence
Normal Distribution
4. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Five Hat Racks
Development Cycle
Pygmalion Effect
Proximity
5. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.
Uncertainty Principle
80/20 Rule
Hick's Law
Legibility
6. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Fibonacci Sequence
Cognitive Dissonance
Highlighting
Performance Load
7. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Similarity
Halo Effect
Figure-Ground Relationship
Threat detection
8. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Rosenthal Effect
Shaping
Golden Ratio
Factor of Safety
9. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Life Cycle
Prototyping
Legibility
Confirmation
10. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Pygmalion Effect
Good Continuation
Storytelling
Classical Conditioning
11. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
12. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Defensible Space
Classical Conditioning
80/20 Rule
Picture Superiority Effect
13. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Mnemonic Device
Redundancy
Orientation Sensitivity
Serial Position Effects
14. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Depth of Processing
Uncertainty Principle
Pygmalion Effect
15. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Depth of Processing
Readability
Hierarchy
Closure
16. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Mimicry
Highlighting
Self- similarity
Redundancy
17. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.
Storytelling
Rule of Thirds
Framing
Attractiveness Bias
18. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Immersion
Waist to Hip Ratio
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Ockham's Razor
19. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Satisficing
Weakest Link
Errors
20. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Alignment
Shaping
Errors
21. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Progressive Disclosure
Comparison
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Normal Distribution
22. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Expectation Effect
Normal Distribution
Affordance
Closure
23. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
24. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Prototyping
Redundancy
Inverted Pyramid
25. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Three- Dimensional Projection
Structural Forms
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Archetype
26. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Errors
Performance Load
Wayfinding
Cost-Benefit
27. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Constraint
Mnemonic Device
Life Cycle
Structural Forms
28. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Common Fate
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Structural Forms
Five Hat Racks
29. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Gutenberg Diagram
Savanna Preference
Mnemonic Device
Cognitive Dissonance
30. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Savanna Preference
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Picture Superiority Effect
Development Cycle
31. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Hierarchy
Comparison
Weakest Link
Iconic Representation
32. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Placebo effect
Serial Position Effects
Highlighting
Entry Point
33. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Interference Effects
Modularity
Layering
Expectation Effect
34. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Visibility
Figure-Ground Relationship
Waist to Hip Ratio
Mnemonic Device
35. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Structural Forms
Control
Performance vs. Preference
Demand Characteristics
36. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Redundancy
Legibility
Weakest Link
Three- Dimensional Projection
37. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance
Demand Characteristics
Uniform Connectedness
38. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Feedback Loop
Hierarchy
Shaping
Weakest Link
39. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Layering
Mimicry
Scaling Fallacy
Wayfinding
40. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Immersion
Classical Conditioning
Mnemonic Device
41. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Prototyping
Picture Superiority Effect
Von Restorff Effect
42. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Performance Load
Uniform Connectedness
Figure-Ground Relationship
Chunking
43. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Feedback Loop
Orientation Sensitivity
Development Cycle
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
44. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Interference Effects
Hawthorne Effect
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
45. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.
46. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Mapping
Symmetry
Shaping
Control
47. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
48. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Alignment
Good Continuation
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Operant Conditioning
49. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Development Cycle
Rule of Thirds
Fitts' Law
Legibility
50. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Law of Pragnanz
Hick's Law
Expectation Effect
Good Continuation