Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






2. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






3. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






4. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






5. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






6. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






7. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






8. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






9. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






10. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






11. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






12. Pictures are remembered better than words.






13. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






14. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






15. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






16. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






17. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






18. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






19. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






20. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






21. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






22. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






23. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






24. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






25. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






26. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






27. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






28. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






29. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






30. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






31. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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32. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






33. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






34. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






35. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






36. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






37. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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38. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






39. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






40. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






41. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






42. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






43. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






44. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






45. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






46. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






47. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






48. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






49. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






50. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.