Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






2. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






3. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






4. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






5. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






6. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






7. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






8. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






9. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






10. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






11. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






12. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






13. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






14. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






15. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






16. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






17. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






18. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






19. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






20. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






21. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






22. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






23. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






24. An original model on which something is patterned






25. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






26. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






27. Pictures are remembered better than words.






28. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






29. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






30. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






31. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






32. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






33. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






34. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






35. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






36. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






37. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






38. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






39. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






40. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






41. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






42. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






43. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






44. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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45. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






46. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






47. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






48. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






49. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






50. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.