Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






2. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






3. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






4. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






5. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






6. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






7. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






8. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






9. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






10. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






11. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






12. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






13. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






14. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






15. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






16. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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17. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






18. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






19. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






20. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






21. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






22. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






23. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






24. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






25. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






26. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






27. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






28. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






29. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






30. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






31. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






32. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






33. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






34. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






35. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






36. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






37. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






38. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






39. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






40. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






41. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






42. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






43. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






44. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






45. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






46. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






47. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






48. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






49. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






50. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit