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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






2. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






3. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






4. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






5. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






6. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






7. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






8. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






9. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






10. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






11. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






12. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






13. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






14. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






15. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






16. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






17. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






18. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






19. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






20. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






21. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






22. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






23. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






24. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






25. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






26. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






27. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






28. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






29. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






30. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






31. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






32. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






33. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






34. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






35. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






36. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






37. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






38. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






39. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






40. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






41. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






42. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






43. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






44. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






45. An original model on which something is patterned






46. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






47. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






48. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






49. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






50. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)







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