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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Control
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Errors
Defensible Space
2. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
3. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Common Fate
Inverted Pyramid
Attractiveness Bias
Fitts' Law
4. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)
Shaping
Consistency
Face- ism Ratio
Expectation Effect
5. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Constraint
Pygmalion Effect
Hierarchy
Good Continuation
6. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Iteration
Demand Characteristics
Recognition over recall
80/20 Rule
7. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Normal Distribution
Pygmalion Effect
Affordance
Gutenberg Diagram
8. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Forgiveness
Form Follows Function
Legibility
Hierarchy
9. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Layering
Mapping
Structural Forms
Redundancy
10. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Iteration
Hick's Law
Waist to Hip Ratio
Prospect-Refuge
11. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Defensible Space
Exposure Effect
Rosenthal Effect
Good Continuation
12. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Defensible Space
Orientation Sensitivity
Modularity
Storytelling
13. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Life Cycle
Closure
Exposure Effect
Factor of Safety
14. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Errors
Convergence
Affordance
Attractiveness Bias
15. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Threat detection
Uniform Connectedness
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Structural Forms
16. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.
Factor of Safety
Wayfinding
Structural Forms
Exposure Effect
17. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Operant Conditioning
Halo Effect
Mimicry
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
18. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.
19. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.
Similarity
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Performance Load
Readability
20. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Performance Load
Three- Dimensional Projection
Constraint
Alignment
21. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Hierarchy
Consistency
Von Restorff Effect
Depth of Processing
22. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Rule of Thirds
Prototyping
23. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Gutenberg Diagram
Recognition over recall
Expectation Effect
Cost-Benefit
24. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Readability
Normal Distribution
Interference Effects
Proximity
25. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Self- similarity
Closure
Five Hat Racks
Progressive Disclosure
26. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Depth of Processing
Immersion
Similarity
Uniform Connectedness
27. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance
Defensible Space
Storytelling
28. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Immersion
Alignment
Redundancy
Development Cycle
29. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Fitts' Law
Interference Effects
Depth of Processing
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
30. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Errors
Factor of Safety
Good Continuation
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
31. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Redundancy
Modularity
Confirmation
Pygmalion Effect
32. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Legibility
Structural Forms
Mnemonic Device
Feedback Loop
33. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.
Constraint
Immersion
Highlighting
Constancy
34. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.
Similarity
Chunking
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Attractiveness Bias
35. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Fibonacci Sequence
Wayfinding
Closure
Cognitive Dissonance
36. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Mimicry
Layering
Recognition over recall
37. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Factor of Safety
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Prospect-Refuge
Waist to Hip Ratio
38. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Orientation Sensitivity
Performance Load
Chunking
Symmetry
39. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
80/20 Rule
Layering
Confirmation
40. An original model on which something is patterned
Waist to Hip Ratio
Fibonacci Sequence
Archetype
Mental Model
41. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Hick's Law
Redundancy
Von Restorff Effect
Demand Characteristics
42. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.
Normal Distribution
Hick's Law
Layering
Highlighting
43. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Proximity
Shaping
Threat detection
Form Follows Function
44. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Defensible Space
Self- similarity
Figure-Ground Relationship
Normal Distribution
45. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.
Depth of Processing
80/20 Rule
Performance vs. Preference
Garbage In - Garbage Out
46. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Five Hat Racks
Mapping
Prospect-Refuge
Attractiveness Bias
47. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Proximity
Rule of Thirds
Golden Ratio
48. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Rule of Thirds
Picture Superiority Effect
Gutenberg Diagram
Affordance
49. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Alignment
Development Cycle
Symmetry
Highlighting
50. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Forgiveness
Visibility
Halo Effect
Legibility