Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






2. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






3. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






4. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






5. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






6. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






7. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






8. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






9. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






10. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






11. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






12. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






13. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






14. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






15. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






16. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






17. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






18. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






19. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






20. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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21. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






22. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






23. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






24. Pictures are remembered better than words.






25. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






26. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






27. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






28. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






29. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






30. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






31. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






32. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






33. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






34. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






35. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






36. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






37. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






38. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






39. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






40. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






41. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






42. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






43. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






44. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






45. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






46. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






47. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






48. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






49. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






50. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).