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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






2. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






3. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






4. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






5. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






6. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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7. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






8. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






9. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






10. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






11. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






12. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






13. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






14. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






15. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






16. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






17. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






18. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






19. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






20. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






21. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






22. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






23. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






24. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






25. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






26. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






27. An original model on which something is patterned






28. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






29. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






30. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






31. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






32. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






33. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






34. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






35. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






36. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






37. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






38. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






39. Pictures are remembered better than words.






40. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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41. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






42. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






43. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






44. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






45. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






46. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






47. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






48. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






49. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






50. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.







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