Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






2. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






3. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






4. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






5. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






6. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






7. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






8. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






9. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






10. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






11. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






12. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






13. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






14. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






15. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






16. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






17. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






18. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






19. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






20. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






21. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






22. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






23. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






24. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






25. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






26. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






27. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






28. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






29. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






30. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






31. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






32. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






33. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






34. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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35. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






36. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






37. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






38. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






39. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






40. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






41. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






42. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






43. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






44. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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45. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






46. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






47. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






48. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






49. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






50. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.