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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Convergence
Orientation Sensitivity
Feedback Loop
Placebo effect
2. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Recognition over recall
Hawthorne Effect
Waist to Hip Ratio
Redundancy
3. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Defensible Space
Exposure Effect
Mapping
Hierarchy
4. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Defensible Space
Picture Superiority Effect
Comparison
Mnemonic Device
5. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Consistency
Gutenberg Diagram
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Five Hat Racks
6. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Rosenthal Effect
Halo Effect
Three- Dimensional Projection
Weakest Link
7. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Factor of Safety
Development Cycle
Attractiveness Bias
Storytelling
8. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Classical Conditioning
Pygmalion Effect
Expectation Effect
Immersion
9. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Demand Characteristics
Life Cycle
Mapping
Highlighting
10. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Modularity
Shaping
Depth of Processing
11. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Structural Forms
Iteration
Uncertainty Principle
Hick's Law
12. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Mnemonic Device
Visibility
Storytelling
Von Restorff Effect
13. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Development Cycle
Legibility
Comparison
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
14. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Weakest Link
Normal Distribution
Gutenberg Diagram
Inverted Pyramid
15. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Layering
Mimicry
Cost-Benefit
Errors
16. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.
Satisficing
Feedback Loop
Hick's Law
Garbage In - Garbage Out
17. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Inverted Pyramid
Life Cycle
Fibonacci Sequence
Constancy
18. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Structural Forms
Accessibility
Gutenberg Diagram
Uncertainty Principle
19. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Serial Position Effects
Iteration
Proximity
Life Cycle
20. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Halo Effect
Law of Pragnanz
Cognitive Dissonance
Proximity
21. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Picture Superiority Effect
Iconic Representation
Ockham's Razor
Hawthorne Effect
22. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
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23. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Progressive Disclosure
Rule of Thirds
Cognitive Dissonance
Comparison
24. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
Modularity
Wayfinding
Archetype
25. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Layering
Recognition over recall
Chunking
Entry Point
26. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Expectation Effect
Performance vs. Preference
Legibility
Serial Position Effects
27. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Good Continuation
Threat detection
80/20 Rule
Attractiveness Bias
28. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Satisficing
Proximity
Common Fate
Figure-Ground Relationship
29. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Scaling Fallacy
Normal Distribution
Prototyping
Picture Superiority Effect
30. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Archetype
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Satisficing
Uncertainty Principle
31. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Fitts' Law
Threat detection
Figure-Ground Relationship
Baby-Face Bias
32. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Factor of Safety
Serial Position Effects
Modularity
33. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Face- ism Ratio
Confirmation
Mimicry
Defensible Space
34. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Baby-Face Bias
Pygmalion Effect
Development Cycle
35. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Mental Model
Weakest Link
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Wayfinding
36. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Layering
Alignment
Three- Dimensional Projection
80/20 Rule
37. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Closure
Interference Effects
Expectation Effect
Immersion
38. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Rosenthal Effect
Interference Effects
Halo Effect
Depth of Processing
39. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Performance Load
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Three- Dimensional Projection
Constancy
40. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Factor of Safety
Cognitive Dissonance
Progressive Disclosure
Chunking
41. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Highlighting
Golden Ratio
Expectation Effect
Inverted Pyramid
42. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Demand Characteristics
Defensible Space
Halo Effect
Iconic Representation
43. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Placebo effect
Satisficing
Feedback Loop
Uniform Connectedness
44. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Redundancy
Errors
Classical Conditioning
Layering
45. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Pygmalion Effect
Savanna Preference
Form Follows Function
Orientation Sensitivity
46. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)
Interference Effects
Symmetry
Cost-Benefit
80/20 Rule
47. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Closure
Readability
Proximity
Framing
48. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Wayfinding
Mimicry
Interference Effects
Form Follows Function
49. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Archetype
Halo Effect
Depth of Processing
Visibility
50. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.
Operant Conditioning
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Modularity
Hierarchy