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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






2. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






3. Pictures are remembered better than words.






4. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






5. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






6. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






7. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






8. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






9. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






10. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






11. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






12. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






13. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






14. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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15. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






16. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






17. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






18. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






19. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






20. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






21. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






22. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






23. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






24. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






25. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






26. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






27. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






28. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






29. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






30. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






31. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






32. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






33. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






34. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






35. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






36. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






37. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






38. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






39. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






40. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






41. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






42. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






43. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






44. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






45. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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46. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






47. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






48. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






49. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






50. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).







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