Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






2. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






3. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






4. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






5. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






6. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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7. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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8. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






9. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






10. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






11. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






12. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






13. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






14. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






15. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






16. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






17. Pictures are remembered better than words.






18. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






19. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






20. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






21. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






22. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






23. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






24. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






25. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






26. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






27. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






28. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






29. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






30. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






31. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






32. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






33. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






34. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






35. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






36. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






37. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






38. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






39. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






40. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






41. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






42. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






43. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






44. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






45. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






46. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






47. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






48. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






49. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






50. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.