Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






2. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






3. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






4. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






5. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






6. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






7. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






8. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






9. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






10. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






11. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






12. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






13. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






14. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






15. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






16. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






17. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






18. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






19. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






20. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






21. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






22. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






23. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






24. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






25. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






26. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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27. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






28. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






29. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






30. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






31. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






32. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






33. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






34. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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35. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






36. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






37. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






38. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






39. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






40. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






41. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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42. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






43. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






44. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






45. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






46. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






47. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






48. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






49. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






50. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.