Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






2. Pictures are remembered better than words.






3. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






4. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






5. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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6. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






7. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






8. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






9. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






10. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






11. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






12. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






13. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






14. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






15. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






16. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






17. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






18. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






19. An original model on which something is patterned






20. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






21. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






22. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






23. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






24. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






25. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






26. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






27. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






28. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






29. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






30. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






31. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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32. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






33. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






34. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






35. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






36. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






37. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






38. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






39. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






40. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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41. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






42. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






43. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






44. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






45. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






46. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






47. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






48. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






49. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






50. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.