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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






2. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






3. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






4. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






5. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






6. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






7. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






8. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






9. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






10. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






11. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






12. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






13. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






14. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






15. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






16. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






17. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






18. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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19. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






20. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






21. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






22. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






23. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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24. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






25. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






26. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






27. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






28. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






29. Pictures are remembered better than words.






30. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






31. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






32. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






33. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






34. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






35. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






36. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






37. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






38. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






39. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






40. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






41. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






42. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






43. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






44. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






45. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






46. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






47. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






48. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






49. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






50. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.







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