Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






2. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






3. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






4. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






5. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






6. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






7. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






8. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






9. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






10. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






11. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






12. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






13. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






14. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






15. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






16. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






17. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






18. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






19. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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20. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






21. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






22. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






23. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






24. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






25. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






26. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






27. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






28. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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29. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






30. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






31. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






32. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






33. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






34. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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35. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






36. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






37. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






38. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






39. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






40. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






41. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






42. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






43. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






44. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






45. An original model on which something is patterned






46. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






47. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






48. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






49. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






50. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.