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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






2. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






3. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






4. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






5. An original model on which something is patterned






6. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






7. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






8. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






9. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






10. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






11. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






12. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






13. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






14. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






15. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






16. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






17. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






18. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






19. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






20. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






21. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






22. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






23. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






24. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






25. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






26. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






27. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






28. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






29. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






30. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






31. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






32. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






33. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






34. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






35. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






36. Pictures are remembered better than words.






37. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






38. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






39. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






40. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






41. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






42. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






43. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






44. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






45. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






46. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






47. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






48. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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49. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






50. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.







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