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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






2. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






3. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






4. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






5. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






6. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






7. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






8. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






9. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






10. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






11. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






12. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






13. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






14. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






15. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






16. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






17. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






18. Pictures are remembered better than words.






19. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






20. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






21. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






22. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






23. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






24. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






25. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






26. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






27. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






28. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






29. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






30. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






31. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






32. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






33. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






34. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






35. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






36. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






37. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






38. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






39. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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40. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






41. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






42. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






43. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






44. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






45. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






46. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






47. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






48. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






49. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






50. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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