Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






2. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






3. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






4. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






5. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






6. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






7. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






8. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






9. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






10. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






11. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






12. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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13. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






14. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






15. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






16. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






17. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






18. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






19. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






20. Pictures are remembered better than words.






21. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






22. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






23. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






24. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






25. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






26. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






27. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






28. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






29. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






30. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






31. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






32. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






33. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






34. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






35. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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36. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






37. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






38. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






39. An original model on which something is patterned






40. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






41. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






42. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






43. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






44. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






45. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






46. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






47. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






48. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






49. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






50. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.