Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






2. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






3. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






4. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






5. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






6. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






7. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






8. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






9. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






10. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






11. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






12. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






13. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






14. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






15. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






16. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






17. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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18. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






19. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






20. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






21. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






22. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






23. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






24. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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25. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






26. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






27. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






28. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






29. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






30. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






31. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






32. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






33. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






34. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






35. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






36. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






37. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






38. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






39. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






40. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






41. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






42. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






43. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






44. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






45. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






46. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






47. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






48. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






49. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






50. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.