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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Shaping
Weakest Link
Performance vs. Preference
Constraint
2. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Mnemonic Device
Operant Conditioning
Halo Effect
Affordance
3. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Shaping
Good Continuation
Waist to Hip Ratio
Interference Effects
4. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.
5. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.
Pygmalion Effect
Storytelling
Highlighting
Top- Down Lighting Bias
6. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Convergence
Three- Dimensional Projection
Accessibility
Forgiveness
7. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Cognitive Dissonance
Performance vs. Preference
Consistency
Figure-Ground Relationship
8. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Consistency
Hick's Law
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Mapping
9. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Performance vs. Preference
Satisficing
Uniform Connectedness
Waist to Hip Ratio
10. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Archetype
Mapping
Alignment
Ockham's Razor
11. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Redundancy
Von Restorff Effect
Progressive Disclosure
12. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Depth of Processing
Closure
Von Restorff Effect
Placebo effect
13. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Recognition over recall
Storytelling
Weakest Link
Depth of Processing
14. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Inverted Pyramid
Fitts' Law
Development Cycle
Classical Conditioning
15. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Fibonacci Sequence
Framing
Attractiveness Bias
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
16. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Baby-Face Bias
Forgiveness
Performance vs. Preference
17. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Control
Mimicry
Performance Load
Alignment
18. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)
Defensible Space
Highlighting
Threat detection
Scaling Fallacy
19. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Operant Conditioning
Self- similarity
Demand Characteristics
Uncertainty Principle
20. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Form Follows Function
Classical Conditioning
Threat detection
Three- Dimensional Projection
21. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.
Control
Cognitive Dissonance
Serial Position Effects
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
22. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Picture Superiority Effect
Constraint
Life Cycle
Mnemonic Device
23. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Errors
Alignment
Progressive Disclosure
Picture Superiority Effect
24. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Normal Distribution
Rosenthal Effect
Threat detection
Highlighting
25. An original model on which something is patterned
Satisficing
Ockham's Razor
Archetype
Life Cycle
26. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Mnemonic Device
Depth of Processing
Common Fate
Hierarchy
27. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Constancy
Threat detection
Five Hat Racks
Rule of Thirds
28. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Prospect-Refuge
Placebo effect
Life Cycle
Iteration
29. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Normal Distribution
Accessibility
Picture Superiority Effect
Shaping
30. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Hierarchy
Normal Distribution
Iconic Representation
31. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Weakest Link
Halo Effect
Uniform Connectedness
Modularity
32. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Proximity
Three- Dimensional Projection
Iteration
33. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Operant Conditioning
Demand Characteristics
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Form Follows Function
34. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Layering
Mimicry
Satisficing
35. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Prototyping
Von Restorff Effect
80/20 Rule
Common Fate
36. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Forgiveness
Constancy
Uncertainty Principle
Control
37. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.
Archetype
Defensible Space
Affordance
80/20 Rule
38. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Ockham's Razor
Framing
Accessibility
Redundancy
39. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Interference Effects
Framing
Performance Load
Confirmation
40. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Hick's Law
Highlighting
Rosenthal Effect
Chunking
41. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Expectation Effect
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Ockham's Razor
Classical Conditioning
42. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.
Hick's Law
Control
Convergence
Exposure Effect
43. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Performance Load
Cost-Benefit
Golden Ratio
Iconic Representation
44. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Orientation Sensitivity
Baby-Face Bias
Closure
Iteration
45. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Fibonacci Sequence
Expectation Effect
Affordance
Good Continuation
46. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Law of Pragnanz
Common Fate
Visibility
Self- similarity
47. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.
Normal Distribution
Defensible Space
Storytelling
Self- similarity
48. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Layering
Exposure Effect
Symmetry
Mnemonic Device
49. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Convergence
Law of Pragnanz
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Visibility
50. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Law of Pragnanz
Savanna Preference
Picture Superiority Effect
Uncertainty Principle