SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Interference Effects
Recognition over recall
Law of Pragnanz
2. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Rule of Thirds
Confirmation
Halo Effect
Chunking
3. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Figure-Ground Relationship
Cost-Benefit
Interference Effects
Mimicry
4. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Hick's Law
Orientation Sensitivity
Cognitive Dissonance
80/20 Rule
5. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Defensible Space
Mimicry
Waist to Hip Ratio
Law of Pragnanz
6. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.
Serial Position Effects
Uniform Connectedness
Good Continuation
Cost-Benefit
7. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Symmetry
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Control
Accessibility
8. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Waist to Hip Ratio
Prototyping
Comparison
9. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Normal Distribution
Von Restorff Effect
Errors
Law of Pragnanz
10. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Three- Dimensional Projection
Self- similarity
Good Continuation
Hawthorne Effect
11. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Mental Model
Feedback Loop
Common Fate
Threat detection
12. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).
Mapping
80/20 Rule
Prospect-Refuge
Progressive Disclosure
13. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Affordance
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Framing
Layering
14. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)
Comparison
Modularity
Progressive Disclosure
Scaling Fallacy
15. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Layering
Satisficing
Uniform Connectedness
Redundancy
16. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Redundancy
Rosenthal Effect
Savanna Preference
Performance vs. Preference
17. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Mnemonic Device
Redundancy
Legibility
Constraint
18. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Confirmation
Performance Load
Five Hat Racks
Legibility
19. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Defensible Space
Framing
Modularity
Golden Ratio
20. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Expectation Effect
Shaping
Good Continuation
Alignment
21. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Hick's Law
Fitts' Law
Redundancy
Satisficing
22. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Development Cycle
Accessibility
Hierarchy
Threat detection
23. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Framing
Interference Effects
Fibonacci Sequence
24. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Similarity
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Von Restorff Effect
Convergence
25. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Mnemonic Device
Threat detection
Iconic Representation
Forgiveness
26. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Legibility
Comparison
Demand Characteristics
Classical Conditioning
27. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Shaping
Layering
Performance Load
Uncertainty Principle
28. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Iteration
Entry Point
Mimicry
Savanna Preference
29. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Iconic Representation
Prototyping
Weakest Link
Mapping
30. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Depth of Processing
Framing
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Symmetry
31. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Demand Characteristics
Legibility
Satisficing
Performance vs. Preference
32. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Satisficing
Five Hat Racks
Form Follows Function
Proximity
33. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Common Fate
Exposure Effect
Visibility
Similarity
34. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Placebo effect
Defensible Space
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Highlighting
35. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Savanna Preference
Visibility
Convergence
Structural Forms
36. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.
Iteration
Control
Consistency
Wayfinding
37. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.
Accessibility
Rosenthal Effect
Comparison
Feedback Loop
38. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Forgiveness
Face- ism Ratio
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Storytelling
39. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
40. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Halo Effect
Satisficing
Defensible Space
Visibility
41. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Five Hat Racks
Figure-Ground Relationship
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Layering
42. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Law of Pragnanz
Alignment
Rosenthal Effect
Legibility
43. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.
Gutenberg Diagram
Fibonacci Sequence
Baby-Face Bias
Mental Model
44. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Errors
Common Fate
Constancy
Prospect-Refuge
45. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Affordance
Constraint
Chunking
Rosenthal Effect
46. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Iteration
Pygmalion Effect
Visibility
47. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)
Cost-Benefit
Legibility
Proximity
Highlighting
48. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Wayfinding
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Iconic Representation
Satisficing
49. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Picture Superiority Effect
Baby-Face Bias
Structural Forms
Top- Down Lighting Bias
50. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Hawthorne Effect
Comparison
Attractiveness Bias
Uncertainty Principle