Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






2. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






3. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






4. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






5. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






6. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






7. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






8. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






9. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






10. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






11. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






12. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






13. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






14. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






15. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






16. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






17. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






18. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






19. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






20. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






21. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






22. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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23. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






24. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






25. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






26. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






27. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






28. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






29. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






30. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






31. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






32. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






33. Pictures are remembered better than words.






34. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






35. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






36. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






37. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






38. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






39. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






40. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






41. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






42. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






43. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






44. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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45. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






46. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






47. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






48. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






49. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






50. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.