SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Demand Characteristics
Attractiveness Bias
Golden Ratio
Satisficing
2. An original model on which something is patterned
Archetype
Waist to Hip Ratio
Rosenthal Effect
Life Cycle
3. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Factor of Safety
Normal Distribution
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Von Restorff Effect
4. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Comparison
Constancy
Halo Effect
5. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Normal Distribution
Similarity
Chunking
Consistency
6. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Visibility
Demand Characteristics
Defensible Space
Confirmation
7. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Redundancy
Recognition over recall
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Legibility
8. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Shaping
Forgiveness
Uncertainty Principle
Iconic Representation
9. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
10. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Shaping
Golden Ratio
Fitts' Law
Archetype
11. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Weakest Link
Interference Effects
Alignment
Satisficing
12. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Modularity
Structural Forms
Interference Effects
13. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Immersion
Hierarchy
Factor of Safety
Mapping
14. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Hawthorne Effect
Redundancy
Progressive Disclosure
Figure-Ground Relationship
15. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Iconic Representation
Pygmalion Effect
Uncertainty Principle
Halo Effect
16. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Demand Characteristics
Shaping
Constraint
Rosenthal Effect
17. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Recognition over recall
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Mapping
Similarity
18. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.
Good Continuation
Scaling Fallacy
Storytelling
Convergence
19. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.
Readability
Self- similarity
Attractiveness Bias
Garbage In - Garbage Out
20. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Law of Pragnanz
Affordance
Framing
Three- Dimensional Projection
21. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Symmetry
Framing
Shaping
Defensible Space
22. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.
Performance Load
Proximity
Serial Position Effects
Operant Conditioning
23. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Fibonacci Sequence
Affordance
Symmetry
Similarity
24. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Recognition over recall
Placebo effect
Threat detection
25. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Depth of Processing
Wayfinding
Redundancy
Recognition over recall
26. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Hierarchy
Closure
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Visibility
27. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Convergence
Ockham's Razor
Fitts' Law
28. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Satisficing
Wayfinding
Errors
Structural Forms
29. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Closure
Demand Characteristics
Visibility
Orientation Sensitivity
30. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Von Restorff Effect
Archetype
Attractiveness Bias
Figure-Ground Relationship
31. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Attractiveness Bias
Immersion
Hierarchy
Classical Conditioning
32. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Readability
Immersion
Consistency
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
33. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Legibility
Satisficing
Feedback Loop
Storytelling
34. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Self- similarity
Control
Archetype
Depth of Processing
35. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Closure
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Normal Distribution
Comparison
36. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Three- Dimensional Projection
Redundancy
Prototyping
Control
37. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Consistency
Shaping
Exposure Effect
Structural Forms
38. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Life Cycle
Readability
Five Hat Racks
Mnemonic Device
39. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Operant Conditioning
Feedback Loop
Serial Position Effects
Readability
40. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Von Restorff Effect
Comparison
Common Fate
Shaping
41. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.
Immersion
Placebo effect
Iconic Representation
Forgiveness
42. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Performance Load
Operant Conditioning
Serial Position Effects
Law of Pragnanz
43. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Interference Effects
Weakest Link
Von Restorff Effect
44. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Good Continuation
Cognitive Dissonance
Prospect-Refuge
Pygmalion Effect
45. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)
Golden Ratio
Expectation Effect
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Scaling Fallacy
46. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Iteration
Factor of Safety
Confirmation
Consistency
47. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Readability
Five Hat Racks
Hierarchy
Uniform Connectedness
48. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Life Cycle
Wayfinding
Prototyping
Constancy
49. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.
Life Cycle
Consistency
Shaping
Garbage In - Garbage Out
50. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Control
Orientation Sensitivity
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Recognition over recall