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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






2. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






3. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






4. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






5. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






6. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






7. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






8. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






9. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






10. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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11. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






12. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






13. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






14. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






15. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






16. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






17. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






18. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






19. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






20. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






21. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






22. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






23. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






24. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






25. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






26. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






27. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






28. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






29. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






30. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






31. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






32. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






33. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






34. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






35. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






36. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






37. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






38. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






39. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






40. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






41. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






42. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






43. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






44. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






45. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






46. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






47. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






48. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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49. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






50. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.