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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Readability
Constancy
Life Cycle
Archetype
2. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
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3. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Factor of Safety
Operant Conditioning
Savanna Preference
80/20 Rule
4. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Rule of Thirds
Fibonacci Sequence
Prospect-Refuge
Storytelling
5. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Interference Effects
Normal Distribution
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Performance vs. Preference
6. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Mimicry
Five Hat Racks
Demand Characteristics
Three- Dimensional Projection
7. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Proximity
Self- similarity
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Redundancy
8. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Uniform Connectedness
Entry Point
Mental Model
Convergence
9. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Halo Effect
Hierarchy
Framing
Entry Point
10. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)
Cost-Benefit
Waist to Hip Ratio
Self- similarity
Exposure Effect
11. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Structural Forms
Fitts' Law
Common Fate
Constraint
12. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Legibility
Storytelling
Golden Ratio
Shaping
13. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Uncertainty Principle
Cognitive Dissonance
Scaling Fallacy
14. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Inverted Pyramid
Satisficing
Constancy
Exposure Effect
15. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Layering
Readability
Chunking
Normal Distribution
16. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Layering
Alignment
Closure
Golden Ratio
17. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Closure
Normal Distribution
Fitts' Law
80/20 Rule
18. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Weakest Link
Mnemonic Device
Symmetry
Five Hat Racks
19. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Wayfinding
Hawthorne Effect
Control
Readability
20. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Fitts' Law
Operant Conditioning
Law of Pragnanz
Threat detection
21. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Attractiveness Bias
Baby-Face Bias
Satisficing
Life Cycle
22. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Similarity
Convergence
Errors
Mnemonic Device
23. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Recognition over recall
Gutenberg Diagram
Performance vs. Preference
Closure
24. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Feedback Loop
Form Follows Function
Comparison
Rosenthal Effect
25. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Iteration
Orientation Sensitivity
Fibonacci Sequence
Inverted Pyramid
26. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Five Hat Racks
Figure-Ground Relationship
Operant Conditioning
Errors
27. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Picture Superiority Effect
Performance Load
Uncertainty Principle
Iteration
28. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Savanna Preference
Expectation Effect
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Baby-Face Bias
29. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Control
Iteration
Good Continuation
Face- ism Ratio
30. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Performance vs. Preference
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Expectation Effect
Orientation Sensitivity
31. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Von Restorff Effect
Hick's Law
Factor of Safety
Confirmation
32. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Forgiveness
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Picture Superiority Effect
Entry Point
33. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Layering
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance
Recognition over recall
34. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Archetype
Structural Forms
Alignment
Classical Conditioning
35. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Satisficing
Hick's Law
Progressive Disclosure
Chunking
36. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Normal Distribution
Similarity
Hawthorne Effect
Serial Position Effects
37. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.
Closure
Mnemonic Device
Accessibility
Common Fate
38. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Fibonacci Sequence
Legibility
Uniform Connectedness
Golden Ratio
39. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Proximity
Alignment
Uniform Connectedness
Demand Characteristics
40. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Errors
Hierarchy
Life Cycle
Depth of Processing
41. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Feedback Loop
Recognition over recall
Highlighting
Placebo effect
42. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Closure
Feedback Loop
Confirmation
43. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Self- similarity
Layering
Demand Characteristics
Visibility
44. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Placebo effect
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Weakest Link
Alignment
45. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)
Demand Characteristics
Framing
Three- Dimensional Projection
Scaling Fallacy
46. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.
Constraint
Performance vs. Preference
80/20 Rule
Hick's Law
47. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Baby-Face Bias
Readability
Threat detection
Visibility
48. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)
Face- ism Ratio
Cost-Benefit
Hierarchy
Halo Effect
49. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Affordance
Threat detection
Highlighting
Uniform Connectedness
50. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Cognitive Dissonance
Shaping
Self- similarity
Structural Forms