Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






2. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






3. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






4. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






5. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






6. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






7. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






8. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






9. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






10. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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11. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






12. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






13. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






14. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






15. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






16. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






17. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






18. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






19. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






20. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






21. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






22. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






23. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






24. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






25. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






26. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






27. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






28. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






29. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






30. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






31. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






32. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






33. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






34. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






35. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






36. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






37. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






38. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






39. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






40. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






41. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






42. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






43. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






44. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






45. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






46. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






47. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






48. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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49. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






50. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.