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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






2. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






3. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






4. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






5. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






6. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






7. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






8. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






9. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






10. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






11. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






12. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






13. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






14. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






15. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






16. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






17. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






18. An original model on which something is patterned






19. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






20. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






21. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






22. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






23. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






24. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






25. Pictures are remembered better than words.






26. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






27. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






28. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






29. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






30. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






31. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






32. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






33. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






34. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






35. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






36. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






37. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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38. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






39. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






40. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






41. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






42. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






43. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






44. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






45. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






46. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






47. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






48. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






49. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






50. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)







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