Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






2. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






3. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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4. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






5. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






6. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






7. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






8. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






9. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






10. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






11. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






12. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






13. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






14. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






15. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






16. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






17. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






18. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






19. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






20. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






21. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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22. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






23. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






24. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






25. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






26. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






27. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






28. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






29. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






30. Pictures are remembered better than words.






31. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






32. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






33. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






34. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






35. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






36. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






37. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






38. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






39. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






40. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






41. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






42. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






43. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






44. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






45. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






46. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






47. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






48. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






49. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






50. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit