Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






2. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






3. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






4. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






5. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






6. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






7. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






8. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






9. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






10. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






11. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






12. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






13. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






14. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






15. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






16. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






17. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






18. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






19. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






20. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






21. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






22. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






23. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






24. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






25. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






26. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






27. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






28. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






29. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






30. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






31. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






32. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






33. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






34. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






35. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






36. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






37. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






38. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






39. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






40. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






41. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






42. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






43. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






44. Pictures are remembered better than words.






45. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






46. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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47. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






48. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






49. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






50. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.