Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






2. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






3. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






4. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






5. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






6. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






7. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






8. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






9. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






10. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






11. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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12. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






13. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






14. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






15. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






16. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






17. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






18. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






19. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






20. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






21. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






22. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






23. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






24. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






25. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






26. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






27. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






28. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






29. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






30. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






31. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






32. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






33. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






34. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






35. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






36. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






37. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






38. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






39. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






40. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






41. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






42. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






43. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






44. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






45. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






46. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






47. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






48. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






49. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






50. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)