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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Mnemonic Device
Halo Effect
Entry Point
Development Cycle
2. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Life Cycle
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Mnemonic Device
Pygmalion Effect
3. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.
Life Cycle
Highlighting
Weakest Link
Mnemonic Device
4. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Redundancy
Good Continuation
Common Fate
Orientation Sensitivity
5. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Operant Conditioning
Progressive Disclosure
Attractiveness Bias
Weakest Link
6. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.
Operant Conditioning
Shaping
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Interference Effects
7. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Mental Model
Layering
Rosenthal Effect
Satisficing
8. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Fitts' Law
Classical Conditioning
Mental Model
Performance vs. Preference
9. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Orientation Sensitivity
Hierarchy
Figure-Ground Relationship
Shaping
10. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
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11. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Von Restorff Effect
Placebo effect
Weakest Link
Structural Forms
12. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Readability
Inverted Pyramid
Layering
13. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Depth of Processing
Highlighting
Similarity
14. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.
Ockham's Razor
Rosenthal Effect
Halo Effect
Accessibility
15. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Interference Effects
Control
Five Hat Racks
Inverted Pyramid
16. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Orientation Sensitivity
Convergence
Self- similarity
Hierarchy
17. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Symmetry
Proximity
Golden Ratio
Top- Down Lighting Bias
18. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Scaling Fallacy
Attractiveness Bias
Defensible Space
Performance Load
19. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Threat detection
Closure
Similarity
20. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Baby-Face Bias
Highlighting
Von Restorff Effect
Forgiveness
21. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Prototyping
Hick's Law
Highlighting
Self- similarity
22. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Affordance
Gutenberg Diagram
Framing
Placebo effect
23. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.
Prospect-Refuge
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Ockham's Razor
Garbage In - Garbage Out
24. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Placebo effect
Cost-Benefit
Rule of Thirds
Waist to Hip Ratio
25. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Pygmalion Effect
Hierarchy
Life Cycle
Framing
26. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Hick's Law
Convergence
Uniform Connectedness
Defensible Space
27. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Confirmation
Normal Distribution
Three- Dimensional Projection
Consistency
28. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Iteration
Visibility
Picture Superiority Effect
Wayfinding
29. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Mnemonic Device
Orientation Sensitivity
Similarity
Inverted Pyramid
30. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Confirmation
Recognition over recall
Figure-Ground Relationship
31. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Gutenberg Diagram
Redundancy
Uncertainty Principle
Halo Effect
32. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Legibility
Uniform Connectedness
Figure-Ground Relationship
Common Fate
33. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Threat detection
Mnemonic Device
Forgiveness
Hawthorne Effect
34. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Symmetry
Rosenthal Effect
Mapping
Visibility
35. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Von Restorff Effect
Hierarchy
Constancy
Gutenberg Diagram
36. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Convergence
Five Hat Racks
Closure
Cognitive Dissonance
37. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Shaping
Rosenthal Effect
Progressive Disclosure
Mimicry
38. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Wayfinding
Chunking
Errors
39. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Convergence
Rosenthal Effect
Form Follows Function
Fibonacci Sequence
40. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Structural Forms
Similarity
Factor of Safety
Depth of Processing
41. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Performance vs. Preference
Threat detection
Factor of Safety
Normal Distribution
42. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Hick's Law
Cognitive Dissonance
Mimicry
Top- Down Lighting Bias
43. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Scaling Fallacy
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Von Restorff Effect
Constancy
44. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Satisficing
Expectation Effect
Life Cycle
Performance vs. Preference
45. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Mnemonic Device
Interference Effects
Classical Conditioning
Readability
46. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Performance Load
Development Cycle
Constancy
Depth of Processing
47. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Performance vs. Preference
Entry Point
Law of Pragnanz
Chunking
48. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
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49. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Visibility
Operant Conditioning
Fibonacci Sequence
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
50. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Good Continuation
Pygmalion Effect
Entry Point
Storytelling