Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






2. An original model on which something is patterned






3. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






4. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






5. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






6. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






7. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






8. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






9. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






10. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






11. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






12. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






13. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






14. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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15. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






16. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






17. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






18. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






19. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






20. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






21. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






22. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






23. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






24. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






25. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






26. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






27. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






28. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






29. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






30. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






31. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






32. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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33. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






34. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






35. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






36. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






37. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






38. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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39. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






40. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






41. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






42. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






43. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






44. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






45. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






46. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






47. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






48. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






49. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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50. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.