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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Uniform Connectedness
Development Cycle
Wayfinding
Waist to Hip Ratio
2. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Expectation Effect
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Self- similarity
Gutenberg Diagram
3. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.
Prospect-Refuge
Accessibility
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Attractiveness Bias
4. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.
Readability
Convergence
Redundancy
Similarity
5. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Orientation Sensitivity
Similarity
Comparison
Constraint
6. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Consistency
Operant Conditioning
Layering
Uniform Connectedness
7. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Readability
Mimicry
Prospect-Refuge
Chunking
8. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Recognition over recall
Shaping
Consistency
Uncertainty Principle
9. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Iconic Representation
Layering
Halo Effect
Modularity
10. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Weakest Link
Self- similarity
Orientation Sensitivity
Fibonacci Sequence
11. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Good Continuation
Confirmation
Demand Characteristics
Threat detection
12. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Prospect-Refuge
Self- similarity
Expectation Effect
13. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Inverted Pyramid
Uncertainty Principle
Visibility
14. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Rosenthal Effect
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Factor of Safety
Depth of Processing
15. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Inverted Pyramid
Self- similarity
Progressive Disclosure
Iteration
16. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Five Hat Racks
Picture Superiority Effect
Hick's Law
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
17. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
80/20 Rule
Operant Conditioning
Alignment
Threat detection
18. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Von Restorff Effect
Gutenberg Diagram
Good Continuation
Scaling Fallacy
19. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
20. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Form Follows Function
Depth of Processing
Gutenberg Diagram
Halo Effect
21. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Threat detection
Forgiveness
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Hierarchy
22. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)
Wayfinding
Mimicry
Face- ism Ratio
Control
23. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Cognitive Dissonance
Performance vs. Preference
Form Follows Function
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
24. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Self- similarity
Affordance
Placebo effect
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
25. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Picture Superiority Effect
Golden Ratio
Prototyping
Halo Effect
26. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Mapping
Demand Characteristics
Golden Ratio
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
27. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Iteration
Serial Position Effects
Waist to Hip Ratio
Common Fate
28. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.
Visibility
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
80/20 Rule
Depth of Processing
29. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Recognition over recall
Baby-Face Bias
Redundancy
Symmetry
30. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Affordance
Alignment
Errors
Self- similarity
31. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Proximity
Layering
Rosenthal Effect
32. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Savanna Preference
Mapping
Closure
Progressive Disclosure
33. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Consistency
Mimicry
Pygmalion Effect
Comparison
34. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Inverted Pyramid
Figure-Ground Relationship
Performance vs. Preference
Archetype
35. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.
Modularity
Classical Conditioning
Legibility
Proximity
36. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Normal Distribution
Defensible Space
Pygmalion Effect
Five Hat Racks
37. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Orientation Sensitivity
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Threat detection
Five Hat Racks
38. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).
Convergence
Hawthorne Effect
Prospect-Refuge
Cognitive Dissonance
39. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.
40. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Serial Position Effects
Weakest Link
Similarity
Operant Conditioning
41. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Archetype
Constancy
Demand Characteristics
Uniform Connectedness
42. An original model on which something is patterned
Face- ism Ratio
Archetype
Law of Pragnanz
Prospect-Refuge
43. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Threat detection
Similarity
Mapping
Gutenberg Diagram
44. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Storytelling
Figure-Ground Relationship
Savanna Preference
Development Cycle
45. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Cognitive Dissonance
Affordance
Iteration
Wayfinding
46. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Cognitive Dissonance
Mimicry
Structural Forms
Inverted Pyramid
47. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Framing
Defensible Space
Pygmalion Effect
48. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Common Fate
Proximity
Layering
Readability
49. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Exposure Effect
Errors
Proximity
Comparison
50. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Archetype
Legibility
Satisficing
Performance Load