Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






2. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






3. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






4. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






5. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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6. Pictures are remembered better than words.






7. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






8. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






9. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






10. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






11. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






12. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






13. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






14. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






15. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






16. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






17. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






18. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






19. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






20. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






21. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






22. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






23. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






24. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






25. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






26. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






27. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






28. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






29. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






30. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






31. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






32. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






33. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






34. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






35. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






36. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






37. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






38. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






39. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






40. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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41. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






42. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






43. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






44. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






45. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






46. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






47. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






48. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






49. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






50. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)