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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Operant Conditioning
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Recognition over recall
Defensible Space
2. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Confirmation
Prospect-Refuge
Similarity
80/20 Rule
3. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Constancy
Attractiveness Bias
Ockham's Razor
Threat detection
4. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Symmetry
Gutenberg Diagram
Form Follows Function
Forgiveness
5. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Progressive Disclosure
Rule of Thirds
Iteration
Good Continuation
6. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Common Fate
Rule of Thirds
Inverted Pyramid
Performance vs. Preference
7. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Mimicry
Readability
Pygmalion Effect
Placebo effect
8. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Layering
Waist to Hip Ratio
Progressive Disclosure
Confirmation
9. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.
Depth of Processing
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Factor of Safety
Hawthorne Effect
10. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Redundancy
Confirmation
Pygmalion Effect
Factor of Safety
11. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Mental Model
Performance vs. Preference
Baby-Face Bias
Alignment
12. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Threat detection
Modularity
Archetype
Convergence
13. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.
Rule of Thirds
Mental Model
Immersion
Von Restorff Effect
14. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Convergence
Gutenberg Diagram
Structural Forms
Good Continuation
15. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Attractiveness Bias
Control
Picture Superiority Effect
Form Follows Function
16. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Uniform Connectedness
Defensible Space
Fibonacci Sequence
Comparison
17. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Waist to Hip Ratio
Feedback Loop
Good Continuation
18. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Self- similarity
Orientation Sensitivity
Structural Forms
19. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
20. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Ockham's Razor
Operant Conditioning
Savanna Preference
Golden Ratio
21. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Orientation Sensitivity
Comparison
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Common Fate
22. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Chunking
Feedback Loop
Serial Position Effects
Five Hat Racks
23. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Attractiveness Bias
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Law of Pragnanz
Affordance
24. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Control
Constancy
Attractiveness Bias
25. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Fitts' Law
Factor of Safety
Errors
Hawthorne Effect
26. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
80/20 Rule
Mapping
Immersion
Highlighting
27. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Framing
Defensible Space
Normal Distribution
Forgiveness
28. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Three- Dimensional Projection
Expectation Effect
Law of Pragnanz
Iconic Representation
29. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Normal Distribution
Hierarchy
Rosenthal Effect
Savanna Preference
30. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Mapping
Operant Conditioning
Figure-Ground Relationship
Halo Effect
31. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Highlighting
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Closure
Expectation Effect
32. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Mnemonic Device
Self- similarity
Comparison
Waist to Hip Ratio
33. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Shaping
Comparison
Symmetry
Demand Characteristics
34. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Waist to Hip Ratio
Readability
Hawthorne Effect
Mimicry
35. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Weakest Link
Symmetry
Prototyping
Five Hat Racks
36. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Chunking
Forgiveness
Five Hat Racks
Good Continuation
37. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Performance Load
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Proximity
Closure
38. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Legibility
Symmetry
Operant Conditioning
Demand Characteristics
39. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Savanna Preference
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Interference Effects
40. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Prototyping
80/20 Rule
Prospect-Refuge
Life Cycle
41. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Inverted Pyramid
Von Restorff Effect
Confirmation
Mapping
42. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Mimicry
Uncertainty Principle
Structural Forms
Progressive Disclosure
43. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Cost-Benefit
Defensible Space
Von Restorff Effect
Orientation Sensitivity
44. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Savanna Preference
Classical Conditioning
Exposure Effect
Shaping
45. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Framing
Iconic Representation
Life Cycle
Cost-Benefit
46. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Performance Load
Placebo effect
Three- Dimensional Projection
Readability
47. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.
Framing
Savanna Preference
Modularity
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
48. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Development Cycle
Immersion
Serial Position Effects
49. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Hierarchy
Uniform Connectedness
Exposure Effect
Top- Down Lighting Bias
50. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Face- ism Ratio
Performance Load
Form Follows Function
Confirmation