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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






2. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






3. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






4. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






5. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






6. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






7. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






8. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






9. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






10. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






11. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






12. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






13. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






14. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






15. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






16. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






17. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






18. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






19. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






20. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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21. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






22. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






23. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






24. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






25. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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26. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






27. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






28. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






29. Pictures are remembered better than words.






30. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






31. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






32. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






33. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






34. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






35. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






36. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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37. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






38. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






39. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






40. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






41. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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42. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






43. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






44. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






45. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






46. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






47. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






48. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






49. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






50. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.







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Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?


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