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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Confirmation
Interference Effects
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Comparison
2. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Symmetry
Wayfinding
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Feedback Loop
3. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Forgiveness
Placebo effect
Form Follows Function
4. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Performance vs. Preference
Gutenberg Diagram
Affordance
Threat detection
5. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Immersion
Figure-Ground Relationship
Operant Conditioning
Mimicry
6. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Highlighting
Forgiveness
Uniform Connectedness
Symmetry
7. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Alignment
Archetype
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Good Continuation
8. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Serial Position Effects
Savanna Preference
Iconic Representation
Inverted Pyramid
9. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.
Placebo effect
Immersion
Operant Conditioning
Gutenberg Diagram
10. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.
Wayfinding
Placebo effect
Exposure Effect
Alignment
11. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Proximity
Factor of Safety
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Cognitive Dissonance
12. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Self- similarity
Modularity
Recognition over recall
Storytelling
13. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.
Consistency
Scaling Fallacy
Hick's Law
Affordance
14. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Alignment
Self- similarity
Performance vs. Preference
Rosenthal Effect
15. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Iteration
Depth of Processing
Mimicry
Uncertainty Principle
16. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Normal Distribution
Immersion
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Mental Model
17. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Attractiveness Bias
Normal Distribution
Redundancy
Satisficing
18. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Similarity
Law of Pragnanz
Iteration
Orientation Sensitivity
19. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Operant Conditioning
Picture Superiority Effect
Interference Effects
Recognition over recall
20. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Inverted Pyramid
Form Follows Function
Face- ism Ratio
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
21. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
22. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Confirmation
Savanna Preference
Legibility
Top- Down Lighting Bias
23. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)
Form Follows Function
Recognition over recall
Face- ism Ratio
Serial Position Effects
24. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Cognitive Dissonance
Hawthorne Effect
Mapping
Cost-Benefit
25. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.
Serial Position Effects
Feedback Loop
Expectation Effect
Chunking
26. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Performance vs. Preference
Baby-Face Bias
Progressive Disclosure
27. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Mnemonic Device
Development Cycle
Hick's Law
Self- similarity
28. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Serial Position Effects
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Confirmation
Affordance
29. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Progressive Disclosure
Self- similarity
Attractiveness Bias
30. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Structural Forms
Wayfinding
Uniform Connectedness
31. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Wayfinding
Satisficing
Convergence
Layering
32. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Weakest Link
Entry Point
Framing
Interference Effects
33. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Depth of Processing
Baby-Face Bias
Pygmalion Effect
Common Fate
34. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Three- Dimensional Projection
Similarity
Wayfinding
Golden Ratio
35. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.
Cost-Benefit
Uncertainty Principle
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Structural Forms
36. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Orientation Sensitivity
Self- similarity
Waist to Hip Ratio
Five Hat Racks
37. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Proximity
Three- Dimensional Projection
Convergence
Legibility
38. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Baby-Face Bias
Law of Pragnanz
Convergence
Iconic Representation
39. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Modularity
Attractiveness Bias
Uncertainty Principle
Normal Distribution
40. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Feedback Loop
Waist to Hip Ratio
Constraint
Exposure Effect
41. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Interference Effects
Proximity
Readability
42. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Fibonacci Sequence
Control
Structural Forms
Waist to Hip Ratio
43. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.
44. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Proximity
Mental Model
Orientation Sensitivity
45. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Pygmalion Effect
Legibility
Wayfinding
Form Follows Function
46. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
47. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)
Iteration
Cost-Benefit
Face- ism Ratio
Hick's Law
48. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)
Fitts' Law
Operant Conditioning
Recognition over recall
Scaling Fallacy
49. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Iconic Representation
Law of Pragnanz
Picture Superiority Effect
Hick's Law
50. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Forgiveness
Picture Superiority Effect
Mapping
Legibility