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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Archetype
Attractiveness Bias
Mnemonic Device
Figure-Ground Relationship
2. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Golden Ratio
Uncertainty Principle
Interference Effects
Rosenthal Effect
3. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Savanna Preference
Structural Forms
Affordance
Development Cycle
4. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Face- ism Ratio
Constraint
Rule of Thirds
Garbage In - Garbage Out
5. An original model on which something is patterned
Comparison
Exposure Effect
Structural Forms
Archetype
6. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Uniform Connectedness
Fitts' Law
Structural Forms
Form Follows Function
7. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Pygmalion Effect
Archetype
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Affordance
8. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.
9. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.
Mimicry
Consistency
Highlighting
Progressive Disclosure
10. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Mnemonic Device
Legibility
Iconic Representation
Recognition over recall
11. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Mental Model
Structural Forms
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Expectation Effect
12. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Cognitive Dissonance
Fitts' Law
Picture Superiority Effect
Classical Conditioning
13. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Face- ism Ratio
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Von Restorff Effect
Orientation Sensitivity
14. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Accessibility
Golden Ratio
Baby-Face Bias
Redundancy
15. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Immersion
Attractiveness Bias
Performance Load
Self- similarity
16. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Progressive Disclosure
Placebo effect
Form Follows Function
Gutenberg Diagram
17. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Inverted Pyramid
Mnemonic Device
Serial Position Effects
Waist to Hip Ratio
18. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.
Serial Position Effects
Accessibility
Performance vs. Preference
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
19. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Exposure Effect
Entry Point
Symmetry
Iconic Representation
20. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Iconic Representation
Consistency
Hick's Law
Operant Conditioning
21. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Weakest Link
Self- similarity
Symmetry
Errors
22. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Classical Conditioning
Demand Characteristics
23. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Life Cycle
Golden Ratio
Alignment
Constancy
24. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Scaling Fallacy
Development Cycle
Mnemonic Device
Defensible Space
25. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Weakest Link
Demand Characteristics
Von Restorff Effect
Symmetry
26. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.
Redundancy
Classical Conditioning
Proximity
Serial Position Effects
27. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Proximity
Comparison
Weakest Link
28. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Forgiveness
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Threat detection
Waist to Hip Ratio
29. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Golden Ratio
Baby-Face Bias
Wayfinding
Archetype
30. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Convergence
Attractiveness Bias
Serial Position Effects
Five Hat Racks
31. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Alignment
Mapping
Savanna Preference
Recognition over recall
32. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Recognition over recall
Depth of Processing
Exposure Effect
Hierarchy
33. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
Performance Load
Errors
Structural Forms
34. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Modularity
Normal Distribution
Mimicry
Immersion
35. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Hick's Law
Defensible Space
Visibility
Fibonacci Sequence
36. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.
Mimicry
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Storytelling
Golden Ratio
37. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Immersion
Self- similarity
Shaping
38. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Cognitive Dissonance
Layering
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Exposure Effect
39. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Errors
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Satisficing
Alignment
40. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Hierarchy
Von Restorff Effect
Good Continuation
Hawthorne Effect
41. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.
Mental Model
Consistency
Mapping
Rule of Thirds
42. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Iteration
Visibility
Recognition over recall
Classical Conditioning
43. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Shaping
Visibility
Placebo effect
Chunking
44. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Proximity
Control
Hierarchy
Three- Dimensional Projection
45. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Savanna Preference
Mimicry
Law of Pragnanz
Rule of Thirds
46. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Fibonacci Sequence
Gutenberg Diagram
Halo Effect
Fitts' Law
47. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Interference Effects
Good Continuation
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Garbage In - Garbage Out
48. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Shaping
Von Restorff Effect
Interference Effects
Cognitive Dissonance
49. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Convergence
Closure
Iteration
Similarity
50. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.