Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






2. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






3. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






4. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






5. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






6. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






7. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






8. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






9. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






10. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






11. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






12. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






13. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






14. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






15. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






16. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






17. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






18. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






19. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






20. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






21. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






22. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






23. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






24. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






25. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






26. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






27. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






28. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






29. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






30. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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31. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






32. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






33. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






34. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






35. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






36. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






37. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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38. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






39. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






40. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






41. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






42. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






43. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






44. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






45. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






46. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






47. Pictures are remembered better than words.






48. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






49. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






50. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.