Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






2. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






3. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






4. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






5. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






6. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






7. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






8. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






9. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






10. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






11. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






12. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






13. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






14. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






15. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






16. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






17. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






18. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






19. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.






20. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






21. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






22. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






23. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






24. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






25. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






26. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






27. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






28. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






29. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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30. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






31. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






32. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






33. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






34. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






35. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






36. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






37. Pictures are remembered better than words.






38. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






39. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






40. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






41. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






42. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






43. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






44. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






45. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






46. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






47. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






48. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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49. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






50. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.