Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






2. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






3. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






4. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






5. Pictures are remembered better than words.






6. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






7. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






8. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






9. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






10. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






11. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






12. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






13. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






14. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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15. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






16. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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17. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






18. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






19. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






20. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






21. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






22. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






23. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






24. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






25. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






26. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






27. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






28. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






29. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






30. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






31. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






32. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






33. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






34. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






35. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






36. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






37. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






38. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






39. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






40. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






41. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






42. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






43. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






44. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






45. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






46. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






47. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






48. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






49. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






50. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.