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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.
Defensible Space
Fitts' Law
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Accessibility
2. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Rosenthal Effect
Form Follows Function
Pygmalion Effect
Cost-Benefit
3. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Mnemonic Device
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Modularity
Alignment
4. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.
Hawthorne Effect
Face- ism Ratio
Interference Effects
Mental Model
5. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
Ockham's Razor
Control
Uniform Connectedness
6. An original model on which something is patterned
Pygmalion Effect
Satisficing
Archetype
Symmetry
7. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Three- Dimensional Projection
Gutenberg Diagram
Law of Pragnanz
Classical Conditioning
8. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Mnemonic Device
Errors
Halo Effect
Convergence
9. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Pygmalion Effect
Accessibility
Confirmation
Figure-Ground Relationship
10. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Halo Effect
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Comparison
Normal Distribution
11. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.
Proximity
Prospect-Refuge
Serial Position Effects
Operant Conditioning
12. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.
Form Follows Function
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
80/20 Rule
Mimicry
13. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Mapping
Depth of Processing
Fitts' Law
Errors
14. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Rosenthal Effect
Expectation Effect
Weakest Link
Figure-Ground Relationship
15. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Rule of Thirds
Layering
Cognitive Dissonance
Accessibility
16. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Cognitive Dissonance
Shaping
Layering
Similarity
17. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Expectation Effect
Classical Conditioning
Hick's Law
Archetype
18. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Golden Ratio
Operant Conditioning
Uncertainty Principle
Good Continuation
19. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Five Hat Racks
Exposure Effect
Pygmalion Effect
Forgiveness
20. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Normal Distribution
Baby-Face Bias
Form Follows Function
Good Continuation
21. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Orientation Sensitivity
Layering
Normal Distribution
80/20 Rule
22. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Face- ism Ratio
Exposure Effect
Factor of Safety
Five Hat Racks
23. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Consistency
Mental Model
Modularity
Performance Load
24. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Form Follows Function
Development Cycle
Satisficing
Mimicry
25. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Constancy
Hierarchy
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Waist to Hip Ratio
26. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Fibonacci Sequence
Golden Ratio
Figure-Ground Relationship
Constancy
27. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Halo Effect
Law of Pragnanz
Face- ism Ratio
Layering
28. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Feedback Loop
Von Restorff Effect
Alignment
Exposure Effect
29. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Shaping
Prototyping
Closure
Normal Distribution
30. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Golden Ratio
Uniform Connectedness
Serial Position Effects
Closure
31. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Similarity
Performance Load
Inverted Pyramid
Prospect-Refuge
32. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
Self- similarity
Uncertainty Principle
Framing
Halo Effect
33. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Performance Load
Proximity
Operant Conditioning
Symmetry
34. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Legibility
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Convergence
Fitts' Law
35. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Uniform Connectedness
Rosenthal Effect
Progressive Disclosure
Placebo effect
36. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Errors
Attractiveness Bias
Similarity
Recognition over recall
37. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Picture Superiority Effect
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Ockham's Razor
38. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Framing
Performance Load
Iteration
Scaling Fallacy
39. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Demand Characteristics
Life Cycle
Pygmalion Effect
Affordance
40. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Hawthorne Effect
Progressive Disclosure
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Redundancy
41. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Similarity
Prospect-Refuge
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Satisficing
42. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Operant Conditioning
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Normal Distribution
Progressive Disclosure
43. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Immersion
Uniform Connectedness
Life Cycle
Classical Conditioning
44. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Defensible Space
Prospect-Refuge
Mapping
Interference Effects
45. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Modularity
Defensible Space
Picture Superiority Effect
Life Cycle
46. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
80/20 Rule
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Feedback Loop
Demand Characteristics
47. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Gutenberg Diagram
Closure
Operant Conditioning
Ockham's Razor
48. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Feedback Loop
Rosenthal Effect
Face- ism Ratio
Uniform Connectedness
49. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.
Mental Model
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Legibility
Law of Pragnanz
50. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Affordance
Consistency
Uncertainty Principle
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect