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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






2. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






3. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






4. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






5. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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6. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






7. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






8. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






9. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






10. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






11. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






12. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






13. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






14. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






15. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






16. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






17. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






18. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






19. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






20. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






21. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






22. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






23. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






24. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






25. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






26. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






27. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






28. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






29. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






30. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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31. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






32. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






33. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






34. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






35. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






36. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.






37. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






38. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






39. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






40. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






41. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






42. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






43. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic






44. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






45. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






46. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






47. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






48. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






49. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






50. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.







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