Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






2. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






3. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






4. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






5. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






6. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






7. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






8. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






9. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






10. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






11. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






12. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






13. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






14. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






15. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






16. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






17. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






18. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






19. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.


20. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






21. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






22. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






23. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






24. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






25. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






26. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






27. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






28. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






29. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






30. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






31. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






32. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






33. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






34. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






35. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






36. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






37. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






38. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






39. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.


40. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






41. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






42. An original model on which something is patterned






43. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






44. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






45. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






46. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






47. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






48. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






49. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






50. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.