Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.






2. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






3. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






4. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






5. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.






6. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






7. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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8. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






9. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.






10. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






11. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






12. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)






13. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






14. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






15. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






16. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






17. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






18. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






19. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






20. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






21. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






22. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






23. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






24. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






25. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






26. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






27. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






28. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






29. Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs - the simplest design should be selected.

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30. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






31. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






32. Pictures are remembered better than words.






33. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.






34. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






35. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






36. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






37. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






38. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






39. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.






40. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






41. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






42. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






43. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






44. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






45. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






46. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






47. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






48. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






49. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






50. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)