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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






2. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






3. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






4. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






5. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






6. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization

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7. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






8. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






9. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






10. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






11. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






12. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.






13. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






14. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






15. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






16. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






17. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






18. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






19. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






20. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






21. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






22. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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23. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






24. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






25. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.






26. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






27. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






28. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






29. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






30. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






31. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






32. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






33. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






34. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.






35. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






36. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.






37. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






38. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






39. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






40. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






41. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






42. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






43. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






44. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.






45. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.






46. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.






47. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






48. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






49. An original model on which something is patterned






50. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.







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