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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Symmetry
Chunking
Legibility
Hawthorne Effect
2. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Weakest Link
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Law of Pragnanz
Prototyping
3. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Hawthorne Effect
Classical Conditioning
Expectation Effect
Symmetry
4. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.
Redundancy
Modularity
Hierarchy
Uncertainty Principle
5. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Interference Effects
Life Cycle
Baby-Face Bias
Readability
6. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Classical Conditioning
Constraint
Defensible Space
Attractiveness Bias
7. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Closure
Errors
Halo Effect
Defensible Space
8. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Chunking
Similarity
Three- Dimensional Projection
9. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Halo Effect
Attractiveness Bias
Uncertainty Principle
Rosenthal Effect
10. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Confirmation
Readability
Archetype
Mnemonic Device
11. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)
Entry Point
Exposure Effect
Attractiveness Bias
Progressive Disclosure
12. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Structural Forms
Readability
Performance vs. Preference
Feedback Loop
13. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Mapping
Constraint
Depth of Processing
Layering
14. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Form Follows Function
Gutenberg Diagram
80/20 Rule
Interference Effects
15. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Hierarchy
Savanna Preference
Demand Characteristics
80/20 Rule
16. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.
Good Continuation
Feedback Loop
Waist to Hip Ratio
Development Cycle
17. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Factor of Safety
Performance vs. Preference
Form Follows Function
Confirmation
18. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Depth of Processing
Waist to Hip Ratio
Modularity
Expectation Effect
19. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Orientation Sensitivity
Form Follows Function
Operant Conditioning
Hick's Law
20. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Weakest Link
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Depth of Processing
Constancy
21. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Pygmalion Effect
Iteration
Rosenthal Effect
22. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
23. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.
Legibility
80/20 Rule
Mental Model
Highlighting
24. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Similarity
Normal Distribution
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Threat detection
25. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Comparison
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Scaling Fallacy
Inverted Pyramid
26. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Factor of Safety
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Iteration
Prototyping
27. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Serial Position Effects
Mental Model
Operant Conditioning
Uncertainty Principle
28. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Ockham's Razor
Halo Effect
Waist to Hip Ratio
Mnemonic Device
29. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.
Ockham's Razor
Constancy
Factor of Safety
Accessibility
30. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Uniform Connectedness
Self- similarity
Demand Characteristics
Placebo effect
31. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.
Recognition over recall
Consistency
Scaling Fallacy
Fibonacci Sequence
32. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.
Attractiveness Bias
Common Fate
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Cost-Benefit
33. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Prototyping
Von Restorff Effect
Framing
Normal Distribution
34. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Rosenthal Effect
Framing
Progressive Disclosure
Confirmation
35. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Visibility
Factor of Safety
Mnemonic Device
Layering
36. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Mapping
Prospect-Refuge
Structural Forms
Rule of Thirds
37. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.
Immersion
Face- ism Ratio
Life Cycle
Golden Ratio
38. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.
Storytelling
Progressive Disclosure
Pygmalion Effect
Closure
39. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Life Cycle
Waist to Hip Ratio
Storytelling
Accessibility
40. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.
Ockham's Razor
Control
Feedback Loop
Rule of Thirds
41. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Alignment
Scaling Fallacy
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Comparison
42. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Shaping
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Waist to Hip Ratio
Hawthorne Effect
43. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.
Exposure Effect
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Structural Forms
Closure
44. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.
80/20 Rule
Framing
Mnemonic Device
Picture Superiority Effect
45. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Picture Superiority Effect
Pygmalion Effect
Similarity
46. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Prototyping
Weakest Link
Face- ism Ratio
Satisficing
47. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Pygmalion Effect
Prospect-Refuge
Law of Pragnanz
48. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Iconic Representation
Mental Model
Threat detection
Normal Distribution
49. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
50. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Development Cycle
Waist to Hip Ratio
Demand Characteristics
Framing