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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memory for recognizing things is better than memory for recalling things.
Recognition over recall
Normal Distribution
Placebo effect
Cognitive Dissonance
2. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Mimicry
Ockham's Razor
Wayfinding
Pygmalion Effect
3. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Interference Effects
Hick's Law
Uncertainty Principle
Golden Ratio
4. A technique used to modify behavior by reinforcing desired behaviors - and ignoring or punishing undesired behaviors.
Cost-Benefit
Legibility
Operant Conditioning
Garbage In - Garbage Out
5. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Framing
Defensible Space
Visibility
Scaling Fallacy
6. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Life Cycle
Affordance
Mimicry
Serial Position Effects
7. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Three- Dimensional Projection
Mental Model
Gutenberg Diagram
Structural Forms
8. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
9. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Mapping
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Constancy
Errors
10. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Orientation Sensitivity
Factor of Safety
Life Cycle
Golden Ratio
11. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.
Face- ism Ratio
Similarity
Inverted Pyramid
Modularity
12. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.
Scaling Fallacy
Consistency
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Control
13. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Recognition over recall
Mnemonic Device
Comparison
Form Follows Function
14. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.
Uniform Connectedness
Defensible Space
Iteration
Demand Characteristics
15. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
80/20 Rule
Self- similarity
Redundancy
Mimicry
16. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Factor of Safety
Storytelling
Entry Point
17. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.
Self- similarity
Closure
Forgiveness
Gutenberg Diagram
18. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Hawthorne Effect
Chunking
Figure-Ground Relationship
Gutenberg Diagram
19. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.
Classical Conditioning
Von Restorff Effect
Uncertainty Principle
Constraint
20. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Uniform Connectedness
Orientation Sensitivity
Progressive Disclosure
Chunking
21. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).
Interference Effects
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Modularity
Inverted Pyramid
22. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Threat detection
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Pygmalion Effect
Cost-Benefit
23. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Expectation Effect
Law of Pragnanz
Iteration
Form Follows Function
24. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.
Inverted Pyramid
Attractiveness Bias
Self- similarity
Archetype
25. An original model on which something is patterned
Archetype
Self- similarity
Uniform Connectedness
Performance Load
26. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Entry Point
80/20 Rule
Scaling Fallacy
Development Cycle
27. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Depth of Processing
Feedback Loop
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Progressive Disclosure
28. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.
Iconic Representation
Satisficing
Depth of Processing
Constraint
29. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Von Restorff Effect
Layering
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Cognitive Dissonance
30. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.
Baby-Face Bias
80/20 Rule
Mnemonic Device
Normal Distribution
31. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)
Constancy
Cognitive Dissonance
Chunking
Face- ism Ratio
32. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Framing
Hierarchy
Visibility
Golden Ratio
33. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Readability
Performance vs. Preference
Good Continuation
Depth of Processing
34. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Factor of Safety
Performance vs. Preference
Normal Distribution
Uniform Connectedness
35. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Law of Pragnanz
Legibility
Depth of Processing
Chunking
36. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.
Mental Model
Layering
Performance Load
Exposure Effect
37. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Factor of Safety
Proximity
Expectation Effect
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
38. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Archetype
Good Continuation
Iteration
Hierarchy
39. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Comparison
Operant Conditioning
Weakest Link
40. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Face- ism Ratio
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Cost-Benefit
Iteration
41. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Three- Dimensional Projection
Gutenberg Diagram
Pygmalion Effect
42. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Good Continuation
Hawthorne Effect
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Storytelling
43. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it
Mapping
Placebo effect
Affordance
Law of Pragnanz
44. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Gutenberg Diagram
Mapping
Feedback Loop
Symmetry
45. Elements that are connected by uniform visual properties - such as color - are perceived to be more related than elements that are not connected.
Uniform Connectedness
Weakest Link
Interference Effects
Rosenthal Effect
46. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Prospect-Refuge
Iteration
Rosenthal Effect
Three- Dimensional Projection
47. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Performance vs. Preference
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Fibonacci Sequence
Layering
48. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.
Mimicry
Garbage In - Garbage Out
Storytelling
Entry Point
49. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Uniform Connectedness
Redundancy
Form Follows Function
Control
50. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Progressive Disclosure
Savanna Preference
Waist to Hip Ratio
Chunking