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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.
Orientation Sensitivity
Rosenthal Effect
Legibility
Depth of Processing
2. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.
Iconic Representation
Orientation Sensitivity
Visibility
Hawthorne Effect
3. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.
Good Continuation
Rosenthal Effect
Structural Forms
Visibility
4. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.
Symmetry
Prospect-Refuge
Hierarchy
Mental Model
5. A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviors by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
Comparison
Five Hat Racks
Chunking
Legibility
6. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Consistency
Wayfinding
Performance vs. Preference
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
7. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.
Readability
Closure
Redundancy
Normal Distribution
8. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.
Normal Distribution
Errors
Attractiveness Bias
Waist to Hip Ratio
9. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Redundancy
Similarity
Factor of Safety
Serial Position Effects
10. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Classical Conditioning
Readability
Constancy
Baby-Face Bias
11. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Hierarchy
Figure-Ground Relationship
Progressive Disclosure
Constraint
12. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.
Feedback Loop
Exposure Effect
Interference Effects
Readability
13. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.
Performance vs. Preference
Three- Dimensional Projection
Hick's Law
Satisficing
14. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Performance Load
Uniform Connectedness
Control
Similarity
15. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.
Gutenberg Diagram
Shaping
Layering
Top- Down Lighting Bias
16. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
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17. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.
Convergence
Errors
Normal Distribution
Symmetry
18. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.
Performance Load
Consistency
Iteration
Fibonacci Sequence
19. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.
Performance Load
Structural Forms
Fibonacci Sequence
Gutenberg Diagram
20. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Archetype
Modularity
Uncertainty Principle
Exposure Effect
21. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.
Fibonacci Sequence
Development Cycle
Alignment
Hawthorne Effect
22. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Readability
Attractiveness Bias
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Defensible Space
23. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Good Continuation
Constancy
Performance vs. Preference
Expectation Effect
24. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Consistency
Pygmalion Effect
Proximity
Modularity
25. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Forgiveness
Ockham's Razor
Confirmation
Demand Characteristics
26. A state of mental focus so intense that awareness of the 'real' world is lost - generally resulting in a feeling of joy and satisfaction.
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Immersion
Confirmation
27. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Errors
Constraint
Legibility
Defensible Space
28. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Readability
Closure
Mental Model
Five Hat Racks
29. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit
Development Cycle
Storytelling
Common Fate
Satisficing
30. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Modularity
Factor of Safety
Chunking
Fitts' Law
31. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Visibility
Uncertainty Principle
Threat detection
Chunking
32. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Savanna Preference
Factor of Safety
Baby-Face Bias
Serial Position Effects
33. A phenomenon of memory in which noticeably different things are more likely to be recalled that common things. (AKA Isolation/Novelty Effect)
Performance Load
Iteration
Inverted Pyramid
Von Restorff Effect
34. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Hick's Law
Gutenberg Diagram
Layering
Good Continuation
35. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Alignment
Fitts' Law
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Five Hat Racks
36. 80% of the effects generated by any large system are caused by 20% of the variables.
Three- Dimensional Projection
80/20 Rule
Chunking
Face- ism Ratio
37. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Mimicry
Comparison
Halo Effect
Prototyping
38. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.
Iteration
Depth of Processing
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Framing
39. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Alignment
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Weakest Link
40. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.
Constraint
Accessibility
Good Continuation
Prototyping
41. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Demand Characteristics
Form Follows Function
Halo Effect
Rule of Thirds
42. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Iconic Representation
Pygmalion Effect
Gutenberg Diagram
Waist to Hip Ratio
43. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Face- ism Ratio
Classical Conditioning
Pygmalion Effect
Weakest Link
44. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Symmetry
Threat detection
Savanna Preference
Progressive Disclosure
45. An original model on which something is patterned
Defensible Space
Similarity
Self- similarity
Archetype
46. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied
Hawthorne Effect
Hierarchy
Law of Pragnanz
Archetype
47. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.
Cognitive Dissonance
Similarity
Attractiveness Bias
Figure-Ground Relationship
48. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.
Life Cycle
Waist to Hip Ratio
Common Fate
Serial Position Effects
49. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Uncertainty Principle
Factor of Safety
Rosenthal Effect
50. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.
Demand Characteristics
Accessibility
Placebo effect
Wayfinding