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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






2. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






3. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






4. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






5. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.






6. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






7. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.






8. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






9. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






10. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






11. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.






12. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






13. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






14. A method of limiting the actions that can be performed on a system.






15. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






16. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






17. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






18. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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19. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






20. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






21. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






22. The ratio of face to body in an image that influences the way the person in the image is perceived. (High = intelligent / Low = physical)






23. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






24. An original model on which something is patterned






25. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






26. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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27. The quality of system output is dependent on the quality of system input.






28. A point of physical or attentional entry into a design. (Minimal Barriers - Points of Prospect - Progressive Lures)






29. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.






30. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






31. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






32. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






33. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






34. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






35. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






36. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






37. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






38. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






39. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






40. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






41. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






42. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






43. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






44. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






45. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






46. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






47. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






48. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)






49. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






50. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.