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Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






2. A phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes.






3. A technique used to teach a desired behavior by reinforcing increasingly accurate approximations of the behavior.






4. A tendency to assume that a system that works at one scale will also work at a smaller or larger scale. (2 kinds: Load assumptions and Interaction assumptions)






5. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.






6. The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied






7. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






8. An activity will be pursued only if its benefits are equal to or greater than the costs. (ie. How much reading is too much to get the point of a message?)






9. A property in which a form is made up of parts similar to the whole or to one another.






10. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






11. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






12. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






13. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.






14. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.






15. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.

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16. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






17. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






18. The usability of a system is improved when its status and methods of use are clearly visible.






19. The distressing state of thought caused by recognizing an inconsistency between behavior/thought and value/belief.






20. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.






21. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






22. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.






23. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.






24. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






25. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.






26. Designs should help people avoid errors and minimize the negative consequences of errors when they do occur.






27. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.






28. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






29. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






30. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






31. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)






32. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






33. Hierarchical organization is the simplest structure for visualizing and understanding complexity.






34. A phenomenon of memory in which items presented at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be recalled than items in the middle of a list.






35. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






36. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






37. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.






38. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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39. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.






40. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






41. When participants realise the aim of the study and may change their behaviour to help or disrupt the study.






42. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






43. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






44. A technique used to asociate a stimulus with an unconscious physical or emotional response.






45. A ratio within the elements of a form - such as height to width - approximating 0.618.






46. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.






47. A term used to describe a set of data - that when plotted - forms a symmetrical - bell- shaped curve.






48. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






49. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






50. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.







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