Test your basic knowledge |

Design Principles

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The level of control provided by a system should be related to the proficiency and experience levels of the people using the system.






2. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.






3. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.






4. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.






5. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.






6. A method of presentation in which information is presented in descending order of importance. (Critical information presented first).






7. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.






8. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.






9. A process in which similar characteristics evolve independently in multiple systems.






10. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.






11. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.






12. Adjusting parts of a device in relation to each other to create a sense of unity and cohesion.






13. A technique that influences decision making and judgement by manipulating the way information is presented.






14. Tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single - recogniable pattern - rather than multiple - individual elements.






15. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.






16. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.






17. The ratio of relevant to irrelevant information in a display. The highest possible signal- to- noise ratio is desirable in design.






18. The greater the effort to accomplish a task - the less likely the task will be accomplished successfully.






19. A phenomenon of visual processing in which certain line orientations are more quickly and easily processed and discriminated than other line orientations.






20. A tendency to prefer environments with unobstructed views (prospects) and areas of concealment and retreat (refuges).






21. A tendency to see objects and patterns as 3D when certain visual cues are present.






22. The time required to move to a target is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

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23. A phenomenon of memory in which information that is analyzed deeply is better recalled than information that is analyzed superficially.






24. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.






25. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit






26. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.






27. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)






28. 1) Functionality 2) Reliability 3) Usability 4) Proficiency 5) Creativity. In order for design to be successful - it must meet ppl's basic need before it can attempt to satisfy higher- level needs.






29. An action or ommission of action yielding an unintended result.






30. There are three ways to organize materials to support a load or to contain and protect something: Mass structures - frame structures - and shell structures.






31. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).






32. A method of creating imagery - emotions - and understanding of events through an interaction between a storyteller and an audience.






33. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.






34. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)






35. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.






36. A preference for a particular ratio of waist size to hip size in men and women. Men prefer 0.7 in women. Women prefer 0.9 in men.






37. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.






38. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.






39. People understand and interact with systems and environments based on mental representations developed from experience.






40. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.






41. The use of simplified and incomplete models of a design to explore ideas - elaborate requirements - refine specifications - and test functionality.






42. The usability of a system is improved when similar parts are expressed in similar ways.






43. A sequence of numbers in which each number is the sum of the preceding two.






44. An original model on which something is patterned






45. Repeated exposure to stimuli for which people have neutral feelings will increase the likeability of the stimuli.






46. Pictures are remembered better than words.






47. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.






48. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.






49. An attribute of an object that allows people to intuitively know how to use it






50. The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition and recall of signs and controls.