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Test your basic knowledge |
Design Principles
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work.
Convergence
Readability
Placebo effect
Prospect-Refuge
2. There are five ways to organize information: Category - time - location - alphabet - and continuum.
Closure
Three- Dimensional Projection
Five Hat Racks
Recognition over recall
3. Teh act of copying properties of familiar objects - organisms - or environments in order to realize specifice benefits afforded by those properties.
Mimicry
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Scaling Fallacy
Picture Superiority Effect
4. A technique of combining many units of information into a limited number of units or chunks - so that the information is easier to process and remember.
Redundancy
Archetype
Progressive Disclosure
Chunking
5. Beauty in design results from purity of function. Interpreted in 2 ways: A description of beauty or a prescription for beauty.
Prospect-Refuge
Form Follows Function
Accessibility
Constancy
6. The visual clarity of text - generally based on the size - typeface - contrast - text block - and spacing of the characters used.
Legibility
Good Continuation
Life Cycle
Iconic Representation
7. The relative ease with which a destination - idea - or concept may be reached.
Structural Forms
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Accessibility
Fitts' Law
8. A tendency to interpret shaded or dark areas of an object as shadows resulting from a light source above the object.
Self- similarity
Law of Pragnanz
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Constraint
9. The process of organizing information into related groupings in order to manage complexity and reinforce relationships in the information.
Von Restorff Effect
Layering
Recognition over recall
Self- similarity
10. All products progress sequentially through four stages of existence: introduction - growth - maturity - and decline.
Life Cycle
Attractiveness Bias
Factor of Safety
Pygmalion Effect
11. Teachers treat students differently based on their expectations of how students will perform.
Five Hat Racks
Rosenthal Effect
Picture Superiority Effect
Immersion
12. A phenomenon in which perception and behavior changes as a result of personal expectations or the expectations of others. (Halo effect - Hawthorne effect - Pygmalion effect - Placebo effect - Rosenthal effect - Demand characteristics.)
Expectation Effect
Uncertainty Principle
Factor of Safety
Ockham's Razor
13. Elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar.
Iteration
Similarity
Symmetry
Progressive Disclosure
14. A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.
Hawthorne Effect
Performance Load
Progressive Disclosure
Top- Down Lighting Bias
15. A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image.
Uniform Connectedness
Normal Distribution
Storytelling
Highlighting
16. A diagram that describes the general pattern followed by the eyes when looking at evenly distributed - homogeneous information.
Weakest Link
Gutenberg Diagram
Visibility
Forgiveness
17. Elements that are close together are percieved to be more related than elements that are farther apart.
Proximity
Uncertainty Principle
Three- Dimensional Projection
Depth of Processing
18. As the flexiblity of a system increases - its usability decreases.
Recognition over recall
Five Hat Racks
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Constancy
19. A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form.
Uniform Connectedness
Symmetry
Proximity
Von Restorff Effect
20. A Gestalt law of organization; elements arrange in a straight line or a smooth curve are perceived as a group - and are interpreted as being more related than elements not on the line or curve.
Feedback Loop
Ockham's Razor
Good Continuation
Uncertainty Principle
21. A method of managing system complexity that involves dividing large systems into multiple - smaller self- contained systems.
Constancy
Modularity
Performance Load
Factor of Safety
22. A space that has territorial markers - opportunities for surveillance - and clear indications of activity and ownership.
Defensible Space
Placebo effect
Convergence
Fitts' Law
23. People tend to prefer savanna- like environments to other types of environments. Open areas - scattered trees - water - and uniform grassiness rather than other natural environments such as desert - jungle - and complex mtns.
Self- similarity
Performance Load
Entry Point
Savanna Preference
24. The process of using spatial and environmental information to navigate to a destination.
Wayfinding
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Cognitive Dissonance
Storytelling
25. The designs that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desirable.
Common Fate
Normal Distribution
Baby-Face Bias
Performance vs. Preference
26. A tendency to prefer faces in which the eyes - nose - lips and other features are close to the average of a population.
Most Average Facial Appearance Effect
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Symmetry
Modularity
27. A method of reorganizing information to make the information simpler - more meaningful and easier to remember. (ie. First Letter - Keyword - Rhyme - Feature Name)
Operant Conditioning
Mnemonic Device
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Archetype
28. Elements perceived as either figures (objects of focus) or ground (the rest of the perceptual field)
Figure-Ground Relationship
Self- similarity
Hick's Law
Structural Forms
29. The time it takes to make a decision increases as the number of alternatives increases.
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30. The tendency for people to perform better or worse based on the expectations of another.
Figure-Ground Relationship
Pygmalion Effect
Inverted Pyramid
Ockham's Razor
31. A technique of composition in which a medium is divided into thirds - creating aesthetic positions for the primary elements of a design.
Weakest Link
Legibility
80/20 Rule
Rule of Thirds
32. The tendency to see attractive people as more intelligent - competent - moral and sociable than unattractive people.
Attractiveness Bias
Uniform Connectedness
Consistency
Pygmalion Effect
33. A relationship between variables in a system where the consequences of an event are fed back in order to modify the event in the future.
Good Continuation
Feedback Loop
Serial Position Effects
Cognitive Dissonance
34. The use of more elements than necessary to maintain the performance of a system in the event of failure of one or more of the elements.
Redundancy
Top- Down Lighting Bias
Inverted Pyramid
Waist to Hip Ratio
35. Pictures are remembered better than words.
Legibility
Visibility
Mnemonic Device
Picture Superiority Effect
36. Tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Readability
Recognition over recall
Halo Effect
Law of Pragnanz
37. The deliberate use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage.
Alignment
Hierarchy of Needs (Design)
Weakest Link
Accessibility
38. 1) Physiological 2) Safety 3) Love 4) Self-Esteem 5) Self-Actualization
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39. Successful products typically follow four stages of creation: requirements - design - development - and testing.
Fibonacci Sequence
Development Cycle
Hierarchy
Three- Dimensional Projection
40. The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging - despite changes in sensory input. (such as perspective - lighting - color or size)
Constancy
Mental Model
Halo Effect
Control
41. A relationship between controls and their movements or effects. When th effect corresponds to the expectation - the mapping is considered to be good or natural.
Prospect-Refuge
Mapping
Layering
Control
42. The debgree to which prose can be understood - based on the complexity of words and sentences.
Factor of Safety
Orientation Sensitivity
Gutenberg Diagram
Readability
43. The act of measuring certain sensitive variable in a system can alter them - and confound the accuracy of the measurement.
Golden Ratio
Uncertainty Principle
Five Hat Racks
Von Restorff Effect
44. A tendency to see people and things iwth baby- faced features as more naive - helpless - and honest than those with mature features.
Baby-Face Bias
Closure
Defensible Space
Weakest Link
45. A process of repeating a set of operation until a specific result is achieved.
Ockham's Razor
Operant Conditioning
Iteration
Visibility
46. It is often preferable to settle for a satisfactory solution - rather than pursue an optimal solution.
Iconic Representation
Comparison
Satisficing
Errors
47. A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
Weakest Link
Feedback Loop
Interference Effects
Confirmation
48. An ability to detect threatening stimuli more efficiently than nonthreatening stimuli.
Threat detection
Interference Effects
Control
Face- ism Ratio
49. Using more elements than is necessary to offset the effects of unknown variables which may cause a system failure.
Layering
Savanna Preference
Redundancy
Factor of Safety
50. A tendency to interpret ambiguous images as simple and a complete unit - versus complex and incomplete. (Gestalt principle of perception).
Flexibility-Usability Tradeoff
Law of Pragnanz
Comparison
80/20 Rule
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