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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






2. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






3. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






4. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






5. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






6. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data






7. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage






8. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






9. Same as 'aliasing'






10. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!






11. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






12. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together






13. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






14. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter






15. The amount of energy at each wavelength






16. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






17. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






18. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






19. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






20. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






21. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






22. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






23. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






24. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)






25. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






26. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter






27. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering






28. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






29. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






30. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers






31. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector






32. Decibels Full Scale






33. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement






34. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating






35. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored






36. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






37. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector






38. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby






39. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






40. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






41. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process






42. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






43. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






44. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






45. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)






46. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






47. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby






48. EBU






49. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






50. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly







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