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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






2. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






3. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






4. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






5. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






6. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






7. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input






8. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones






9. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






10. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file






11. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






12. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






13. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






14. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics






15. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






16. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






17. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






18. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






19. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






20. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter






21. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






22. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude






23. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






24. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






25. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe






26. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






27. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits






28. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues






29. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel






30. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






31. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1






32. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






33. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






34. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short






35. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






36. The loudest point of a Full Scale system






37. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available






38. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






39. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






40. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






41. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers






42. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






43. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






44. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






45. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)






46. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);






47. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






48. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter






49. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






50. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly







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