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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector






2. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






3. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion






4. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






5. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






6. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content






7. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF






8. 12.33 GB; DS/ML






9. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode






10. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






11. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format






12. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






13. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






14. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






15. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






16. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






17. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement






18. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






19. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






20. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






21. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






22. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






23. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound






24. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter






25. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






26. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored






27. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present






28. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file






29. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding






30. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






31. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)






32. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






33. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel






34. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






35. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation






36. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






37. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude






38. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector






39. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






40. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






41. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






42. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






43. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together






44. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






45. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground






46. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency






47. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






48. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM






49. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light






50. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






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