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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
I/O Connection Buffering
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Joseph Fourier
DVD-5
2. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Blu-Ray
Edit Decision List
Playback Buffering
Harmonic Content
3. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
X-Axis Terminology
EtherSound
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Anti-Aliasing Filter
4. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Pulse Density Modulation
Constant Bit Rate
Nyquist Frequency
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
5. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Decimation Filter
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Class - D Amplifier
Oversampling
6. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
CPU Buffering
Buffering
Glass Master
Pass Band
7. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Acoustics
Storage Conversion Steps
Convolution
Threshold of Hearing
8. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Buffering
Storage Conversion Steps
Cutoff Frequency
9. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Base 2 System
Normalizing
Sawtooth Wave
10. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Oversampling
MONO
AoE Formats
Cutoff Frequency
11. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Bit Depth
Nanometer
Claude Shannon
12. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Low-Latency Monitoring
Quantization Error
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Pulse Width Modulation
13. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Equal Loudness Contour
Nyquist Frequency
Cutoff Frequency
Internal Resolution
14. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Sinusoidal
Digital
Sine Wave
DVD-Audio
15. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
I/O Connection Buffering
Frequency
Decimation Filter
Pad Head & Tail
16. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Buffering Locations
AES3
Oversampling
17. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Inter-Channel Redundancy
SACD
D/A Conversion
Nanometer
18. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Oversampling
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Pad Head & Tail
Sawtooth Wave
19. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Conversion Buffering
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Voltage
Sampling Rule
20. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Rarefaction
Pulse Code Modulation
Jitter
Significand
21. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Floating Point
Buffering Locations
European Broadcasting Union
Square Wave
22. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Physical Disc Format
Floating Point
DVD-5
Aliasing
23. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Significand
Lossy Formats
Data Packing
Resolution
24. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Blu-Ray
dB/SPL
Stapedes Reflex
Fletcher- Munson Curve
25. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Entropy Coding
Blu-Ray
Fourier Series
I/O Connection Buffering
26. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Nyquist Frequency
Floating Point
Sampling Theorem
27. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Equal Loudness Contour
Exponent
Subbands
Compression
28. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
EtherSound
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
SCMS
Attenuation
29. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Y-Axis Terminology
Lossy
Sample Rate
Impulse Response
30. EBU
Anti-Imaging Filter
Recording Levels
European Broadcasting Union
Oversampling
31. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Equal Loudness Contour
Average Bit Rate
Ethernet
Intensity
32. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Coaxial
Voltage
Fourier Series
Inter-Channel Redundancy
33. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Headroom Bits
Digital
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Conversion Buffering
34. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Significand
Buffering Locations
35. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Decimation Filter
Coaxial
Sampling Theorem
Anti-Aliasing Filter
36. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
TOSLINK
Sample- and-Hold
Glass Master
Codec
37. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Fourier Series
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Codec
Sampling Theorem
38. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
European Broadcasting Union
Oversampling
Physical Disc Format
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
39. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Impulse Response
Cutoff Frequency
Anti-Imaging Filter
X-Axis Terminology
40. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Compression
Blu-Ray
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
DVD-18
41. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Pulse Code Modulation
Exponent
Dolby 7.1
CobraNet
42. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Quantization
Interleaved
Sample- and-Hold
0 dB FS
43. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
Pulse Width Modulation
6 dB
CPU Buffering
44. Decibels Full Scale
A/D Conversion
dBFS
Subbands
Transfer Protocol
45. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Bit Rate
Nyquist Frequency
Headroom Bits
I/O Connection Buffering
46. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Logical Format
DVD-5
Additive Synthesis...
Fletcher- Munson Curve
47. Have odd numbered harmonics
Jitter
Square Wave
Entropy Coding
Significand
48. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Sampling Theorem
Harmonic Content
Entropy Coding
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
49. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Variable Bit Rate
Direct Stream Digital
Coaxial
Lossless
50. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Threshold of Hearing
Constant Bit Rate
DVD-9
Motion Pictures Experts Group