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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Dolby 7.1
Sampling (Samples)
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Oversampling
2. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Constant Bit Rate
Quantization Error
Joint Stereo
Pulse Width Modulation
3. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
A/D Conversion
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Lossy
Playback Buffering
4. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Sample Rate
DVD-10
Noise Shaping
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
5. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Word Clock
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Internal Resolution
Joseph Fourier
6. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
Pulse Density Modulation
Class - D Amplifier
DVD-14
Lightpipe
7. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Overflow
DVD-9
DVD-5
Intensity Stereo
8. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Resolution
Pulse Code Modulation
Constant Bit Rate
9. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Sine Wave
Base 2 System
Coaxial
Inter-Channel Redundancy
10. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Internal Resolution
Motion Pictures Experts Group
CobraNet
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
11. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
Sample- and-Hold
Requirements for CD Audio
Compression
12. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Word Clock
RMS
Direct Stream Digital
Micron
13. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
D/A Conversion
Spectrum Multiplication
Peak Level
Audio Engineering Society
14. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Harmonic Content
Decoder
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Additive Synthesis...
15. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Spectra
Masking Analysis...
Digital
Base 2 System
16. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Dynamic Range
Internal Resolution
Amplitude Accuracy
Harmonic Content
17. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Quantization Error
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Foldover
Y-Axis Terminology
18. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Sampling (Samples)
Stapedes Reflex
dB/SPL
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
19. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Nanometer
Photoreceptor
Cutoff Frequency
Blu-Ray
20. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Harry Nyquist
Codec
dB/SPL
Additive Synthesis...
21. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
Sine Wave
I/O Connection Buffering
Analog
Harmonic Content
22. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Bit Rate
Amplitude Accuracy
Oversampling
Blu-Ray
23. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Pulse Width Modulation
Square Wave
2 Dimensions of Sound
Normalizing
24. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Intensity
Sampling Rule
Equal Loudness Contour
Oversampling
25. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Lossless Formats
Digital
Dolby 5.1
Base 2 System
26. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Inter-Channel Redundancy
PCM
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Photoreceptor
27. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Quantization Intervals
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Headroom Bits
Blu-Ray
28. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
2 Dimensions of Sound
Foldover
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
29. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Intensity
Peak Level
Frequency
Nanometer
30. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Gain Staging
Dolby 7.1
TOSLINK
Decoder
31. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Lossless
Voltage
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Variable Bit Rate
32. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
I/O Connection Buffering
CobraNet
Transfer Protocol
Sample- and-Hold
33. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Edit Decision List
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Lossy Formats
Sonogram
34. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Optical Cable
Lightpipe
Fourier Series
Sampling (Samples)
35. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Glass Master
Analog
Harmonic Content
Quantization
36. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Decoder
Redither
Intensity
Digital
37. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Index of Reflectivity
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Codec
dB/FS
38. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Resolution
Threshold of Hearing
Amplitude Accuracy
Joseph Fourier
39. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Quantization
Spectrum Multiplication
Lossless
Codec
40. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Interpolation Filter
Oscillation
Threshold of Pain
Quantizer
41. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Sample Rate
Class - D Amplifier
Threshold of Pain
42. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Rarefaction
Decimation Filter
Sinusoidal
dB/SPL
43. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Bit Depth
Logical Format
Claude Shannon
Harmonic Content
44. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Successive Approximation
Algorithm
Anti-Aliasing Filter
DVD-10
45. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Additive Synthesis...
Lossy
Playback Buffering
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
46. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
EtherSound
Buffering Locations
Masking Analysis...
Glass Master
47. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Frames
Codec
Footroom
Harmonic Content
48. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Dolby 5.1
Micron
Low-Latency Monitoring
Audio Engineering Society
49. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Word Clock
Fourier Series
RMS Meter
Pulse Width Modulation
50. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
EtherSound
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Threshold of Pain
Buffering
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