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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Equal Loudness Contour
DVD-18
Inter-Channel Redundancy
2. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Frequency
Anti-Imaging Filter
X-Axis Terminology
Logical Format
3. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Stapedes Reflex
DVD-9
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Blu-Ray
4. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Constant Bit Rate
Bit Depth
Entropy Coding
Significand
5. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
EtherSound
Sampling (Samples)
AoE Formats
Pass Band
6. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Stapedes Reflex
Pad Head & Tail
dB/FS
Overflow
7. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Algorithm
Convolution
Gain Staging
2 Dimensions of Sound
8. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Fourier Series
Quantization
Y-Axis Terminology
Buffering Locations
9. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Word Clock
Sampling Theorem
Oscillation
Rarefaction
10. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Noise Shaping
Coaxial
Lossy
Fidelity
11. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Physical Disc Format
Dynamic Range
Harmonic Content
Micron
12. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Intensity Stereo
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Morse Code
Harry Nyquist
13. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Floating Point
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Interleaved
Digital Signal Processing
14. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
DVD-5
RMS Meter
SCMS
Oscillation
15. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Cutoff Frequency
Buffering
Fourier Series
Buffering Locations
16. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Quantization
Data Packing
AoE Formats
Transfer Protocol
17. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Dynamic Range
Direct Stream Digital
Micron
MONO
18. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Blu-Ray
Pulse Width Modulation
Internal Resolution
Equal Loudness Contour
19. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Average Bit Rate
Lossy
Exponent
Speed of Sound
20. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
DVD-5
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Quantizer
Subbands
21. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Nyquist Frequency
Aliasing
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Oversampling
22. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Significand
Sonogram
Sampling (Samples)
dBFS
23. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Sampling (Samples)
Threshold of Pain
Compression
Intensity
24. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
DVD-10
Micron
Lossy
Digital
25. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
6 dB
Joseph Fourier
Sawtooth Wave
Dithering
26. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Resolution
Footroom
Conversion Buffering
D/A Conversion
27. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Jitter
CPU Buffering
Direct Monitoring
Frequency
28. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Pad Head & Tail
Intensity Stereo
Footroom
Overflow
29. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
AoE Formats
MONO
Photoreceptor
Spectrum Multiplication
30. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Pulse Code Modulation
Pulse Density Modulation
Ethernet
Oversampling
31. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Dithering
Optical Cable
Requirements for CD Audio
Low-Latency Monitoring
32. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
AES3
Low-Latency Monitoring
Sinusoidal
I/O Connection Buffering
33. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Fourier Series
Pad Head & Tail
Physical Disc Format
2 Dimensions of Sound
34. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Dolby 5.1
35. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Photoreceptor
Pass Band
Cutoff Frequency
Joint Stereo
36. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Intensity
Interleaved
Dithering
Motion Pictures Experts Group
37. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Harmonic Content
DVD-14
Glass Master
Threshold of Pain
38. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
DVD-9
CPU Buffering
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Compression
39. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Decoder
Coaxial
Harry Nyquist
AoE Formats
40. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Latency
Analog
Sample- and-Hold
Dolby 7.1
41. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
PCM
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Morse Code
I/O Connection Buffering
42. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Ethernet
Pulse Code Modulation
Resolution
Decoder
43. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
dB/SPL
Anti-Imaging Filter
MONO
Physical Disc Format
44. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Subbands
MONO
dB/FS
Audio Engineering Society
45. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
Frequency
Sawtooth Wave
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Peak Level
46. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Lossless Formats
Sawtooth Wave
Convolution
Effective Bit Depth
47. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Joseph Fourier
Pulse Width Modulation
2 Dimensions of Sound
Compression
48. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Lossy Formats
Acoustics
Direct Stream Digital
Red Book
49. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Perceptual Coding
Dolby 7.1
Buffer Size
Conversion Buffering
50. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Red Book
Bit Depth
Playback Buffering
Anti-Aliasing Filter
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