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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






2. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






3. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






4. 12.33 GB; DS/ML






5. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






6. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono






7. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting






8. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive






9. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth






10. EBU






11. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'






12. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






13. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal






14. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






15. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source






16. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM






17. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






18. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present






19. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering






20. Decibels Full Scale






21. Have odd numbered harmonics






22. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






23. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc






24. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






25. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ






26. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)






27. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet






28. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






29. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






30. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input






31. 4.38 GB; SS/SL






32. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






33. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






34. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo






35. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency






36. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio






37. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






38. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






39. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response






40. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






41. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






42. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






43. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC






44. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






45. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent






46. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing






47. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






48. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers






49. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






50. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together







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