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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decibels Full Scale
Digital
dBFS
Anti-Aliasing Filter
6 dB
2. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Harry Nyquist
Convolution
Lightpipe
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
3. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Variable Bit Rate
dB/SPL
Fourier Series
Amplitude Accuracy
4. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Dithering
Digital
DVD-14
PCM
5. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Pad Head & Tail
Equal Loudness Contour
Dithering
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
6. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Noise Shaping
Spectra
Spectrum Multiplication
Harmonic Content
7. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Fourier Series
Joseph Fourier
Convolution
Noise Shaping
8. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
PCM
Normalizing
Direct Stream Digital
Sonogram
9. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Foldover
Cutoff Frequency
DVD-10
dB/SPL
10. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Bit Depth
Spectrum Multiplication
Dolby 7.1
11. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Effective Bit Depth
Pad Head & Tail
Voltage
Pass Band
12. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
dB/FS
2 Dimensions of Sound
Acoustics
Variable Bit Rate
13. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Nanometer
Blu-Ray
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Constant Bit Rate
14. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Perceptual Coding
Storage Conversion Steps
Red Book
Transfer Protocol
15. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Delta-Sigma Modulation
AES3
RMS Meter
Attenuation
16. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Masking Analysis...
Low-Latency Monitoring
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Base 2 System
17. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
Peak Level
Nanometer
Entropy Coding
Low-Latency Monitoring
18. Have odd numbered harmonics
dB/FS
Square Wave
6 dB
Oscillation
19. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Transfer Protocol
Masking Analysis...
Lossless Formats
Low-Latency Monitoring
20. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Aliasing
Claude Shannon
0 dB FS
Logical Format
21. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Nyquist Frequency
Sample- and-Hold
Quantizer
Anti-Imaging Filter
22. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Decimation Filter
DVD-14
Intensity
Sampling Theorem
23. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
M-S Stereo
Exponent
Noise Shaping
Zero-Latency Monitoring
24. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Delta-Sigma Modulation
DVD-14
Quantization Intervals
AoE Formats
25. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Pulse Code Modulation
Algorithm
Floating Point
CobraNet
26. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Foldover
Inter-Channel Redundancy
I/O Connection Buffering
27. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
Nyquist Frequency
Headroom Bits
Lossy Formats
28. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Intensity Stereo
Masking Analysis...
Quantization Intervals
Variable Bit Rate
29. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Lossy
Word Clock
Convolution
Overflow
30. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Constant Bit Rate
Interpolation Filter
European Broadcasting Union
dB/FS
31. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Threshold of Hearing
Requirements for A/D Conversion
32. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
European Broadcasting Union
Buffer Size
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Gain Staging
33. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
Pulse Density Modulation
SCMS
Oscillation
Sampling Rule
34. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Bit Rate
Algorithm
Intensity Stereo
Buffer Size
35. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Effective Bit Depth
Floating Point
Fletcher- Munson Curve
EtherSound
36. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Sample Rate
Compression
Transfer Protocol
Spectra
37. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Sample- and-Hold
Pulse Width Modulation
Frames
Rarefaction
38. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Dolby 5.1
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Intensity Stereo
Requirements for CD Audio
39. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Claude Shannon
Stapedes Reflex
Equal Loudness Contour
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
40. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Anti-Imaging Filter
A/D Conversion
Frames
Harmonic Content
41. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Sample- and-Hold
Gain Staging
Variable Bit Rate
Digital
42. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
AoE Formats
Sampling Theorem
Joint Stereo
Intensity Stereo
43. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Redither
DVD-9
Voltage
44. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Dithering
Constant Bit Rate
Fourier Series
Equal Loudness Contour
45. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Lossless
Gain Staging
Average Bit Rate
Glass Master
46. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
PCM
Effective Bit Depth
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Class - D Amplifier
47. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Masking Analysis...
Speed of Sound
Resolution
Pad Head & Tail
48. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Aliasing
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Blu-Ray
Sinusoidal
49. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Sample- and-Hold
Coaxial
Spectrum Multiplication
Decoder
50. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
European Broadcasting Union
Spectra
Sample Rate
CPU Buffering