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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Interleaved
Pad Head & Tail
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
2. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Quantization Error
Dynamic Range
Convolution
Pulse Code Modulation
3. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Harmonic Content
Decimation Filter
Dithering
4. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Oversampling
Dolby 7.1
Nanometer
Fidelity
5. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Optical Cable
Impulse Response
0 dB FS
DVD-18
6. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Rarefaction
Transfer Protocol
Resolution
Logical Format
7. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Lossy
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Nyquist Frequency
Glass Master
8. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Nanometer
Lightpipe
Dolby 7.1
D/A Conversion
9. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
Low-Latency Monitoring
Fletcher- Munson Curve
SACD
10. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Compression
Quantization Intervals
Conversion Buffering
X-Axis Terminology
11. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Aliasing
Lossless Formats
D/A Conversion
Interpolation Filter
12. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Floating Point
Conversion Buffering
Lossy
Y-Axis Terminology
13. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Entropy Coding
Harmonic Content
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
14. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Masking Analysis...
DVD-Audio
Class - D Amplifier
Decoder
15. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Logical Format
Lightpipe
PCM
Blu-Ray
16. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Floating Point
Base 2 System
Masking Analysis...
Foldover
17. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Compression
Harmonic Content
PCM
18. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Pulse Density Modulation
Data Packing
Subbands
SACD
19. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Normalizing
Bit Depth
Zero-Latency Monitoring
2 Dimensions of Sound
20. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
CobraNet
PCM
Bit Rate
Dolby 5.1
21. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Harmonic Content
Quantization Error
Frames
Lossless Formats
22. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
X-Axis Terminology
Acoustics
Stapedes Reflex
Significand
23. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Spectra
Aliasing
RMS
Sample- and-Hold
24. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Spectrum Multiplication
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
CPU Buffering
Constant Bit Rate
25. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Sampling Theorem
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Frequency
Algorithm
26. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Frequency
Morse Code
Attenuation
Lossy Formats
27. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Average Bit Rate
Anti-Aliasing Filter
DVD-10
Lossy
28. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Codec
Sinusoidal
Bit Depth
AoE Formats
29. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Acoustics
Algorithm
Sampling Theorem
Significand
30. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
RMS
Playback Buffering
Aliasing
Sawtooth Wave
31. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Blu-Ray
MONO
Algorithm
Pulse Code Modulation
32. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Sawtooth Wave
RMS Meter
Spectrum Multiplication
Lossless
33. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Direct Monitoring
Average Bit Rate
Attenuation
Fletcher- Munson Curve
34. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
Floating Point
DVD-Audio
M-S Stereo
D/A Conversion
35. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Fidelity
Sawtooth Wave
Nanometer
Spectra
36. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Optical Cable
6 dB
Dynamic Range
Rarefaction
37. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
CPU Buffering
Pass Band
DVD-10
Micron
38. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Zero-Latency Monitoring
MONO
Blu-Ray
Anti-Imaging Filter
39. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Subbands
Threshold of Hearing
Ethernet
Quantization Intervals
40. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
SCMS
I/O Connection Buffering
Harmonic Content
Physical Disc Format
41. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Equal Loudness Contour
Speed of Sound
Sinusoidal
Sawtooth Wave
42. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Pass Band
Harry Nyquist
Pulse Width Modulation
Dolby 5.1
43. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Dynamic Range
Pad Head & Tail
Bit Rate
AoE Formats
44. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Fourier Series
Audio Engineering Society
Transfer Protocol
45. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
CobraNet
Headroom Bits
DVD-10
6 dB
46. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Effective Bit Depth
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
TOSLINK
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
47. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
I/O Connection Buffering
Oversampling
Buffering Locations
Acoustics
48. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Sawtooth Wave
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
49. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Blu-Ray
Lossless
DVD-10
Requirements for CD Audio
50. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Buffering Locations
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Constant Bit Rate
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