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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them






2. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






3. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






4. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






5. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






6. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track






7. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media






8. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






9. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






10. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies






11. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






12. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places






13. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short






14. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






15. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






16. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






17. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






18. Decibels Full Scale






19. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






20. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






21. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit






22. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision






23. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono






24. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe






25. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






26. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR






27. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics






28. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






29. The loudest point of a Full Scale system






30. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






31. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound






32. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively






33. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






34. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






35. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






36. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






37. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ






38. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






39. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter






40. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






41. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






42. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






43. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)






44. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage






45. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available






46. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur






47. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding






48. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






49. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process






50. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm







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