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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Logical Format
Square Wave
Stapedes Reflex
Speed of Sound
2. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Resolution
6 dB
Buffer Size
3. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
DVD-Audio
Dolby 7.1
Constant Bit Rate
RMS Meter
4. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Pulse Density Modulation
Spectrum Multiplication
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Quantization Error
5. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Dolby 7.1
Masking Analysis...
Harmonic Content
Digital
6. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Gain Staging
Aliasing
Additive Synthesis...
Sawtooth Wave
7. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Transfer Protocol
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Quantizer
Oversampling
8. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Playback Buffering
X-Axis Terminology
Sampling (Samples)
Lossless
9. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Latency
Harry Nyquist
Direct Stream Digital
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
10. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Algorithm
Dolby 7.1
Convolution
Class - D Amplifier
11. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
I/O Connection Buffering
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Additive Synthesis...
Inter-Channel Redundancy
12. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Equal Loudness Contour
Successive Approximation
Index of Reflectivity
Bit Rate
13. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
0 dB FS
Foldover
Quantization Intervals
Storage Conversion Steps
14. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
dB/FS
Peak Level
Footroom
Sine Wave
15. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Intensity
DVD-Audio
Fidelity
Effective Bit Depth
16. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Sample- and-Hold
Glass Master
Frequency
Logical Format
17. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Sampling Rule
Algorithm
SACD
Compression
18. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Claude Shannon
Convolution
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
19. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Pulse Code Modulation
Lossless
Recording Levels
Quantization Error
20. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Frames
Lossy Formats
D/A Conversion
Convolution
21. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Nyquist Frequency
Acoustics
Decimation Filter
Quantizer
22. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Codec
Sampling (Samples)
Jitter
Base 2 System
23. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Direct Stream Digital
Overflow
CobraNet
Entropy Coding
24. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Additive Synthesis...
Lightpipe
Subbands
Anti-Aliasing Filter
25. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Y-Axis Terminology
Normalizing
Sawtooth Wave
AoE Formats
26. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
AoE Formats
Masking Analysis...
Intensity Stereo
RMS Meter
27. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Y-Axis Terminology
Quantizer
Sampling Rule
Aliasing
28. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Glass Master
Logical Format
Interleaved
Effective Bit Depth
29. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Lossy
Anti-Imaging Filter
Square Wave
Latency
30. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Sample- and-Hold
Physical Disc Format
SACD
Dithering
31. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Oversampling
Convolution
Threshold of Pain
Joint Stereo
32. Decibels Full Scale
Requirements for CD Audio
Cutoff Frequency
Buffering Locations
dBFS
33. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Buffer Size
Pad Head & Tail
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Psychoacoustics
34. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Significand
Joseph Fourier
Average Bit Rate
Threshold of Hearing
35. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Sample- and-Hold
Class - D Amplifier
Acoustics
CPU Buffering
36. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Word Clock
Resolution
Stapedes Reflex
Oversampling
37. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Sine Wave
Sampling Theorem
Glass Master
0 dB FS
38. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Footroom
Optical Cable
Digital Signal Processing
Recording Levels
39. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
AoE Formats
0 dB FS
Headroom Bits
Dynamic Range
40. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Buffering
Dolby 5.1
Speed of Sound
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
41. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Playback Buffering
Frames
Photoreceptor
Internal Resolution
42. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Blu-Ray
Normalizing
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
43. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
DVD-14
Anti-Imaging Filter
Intensity
Spectrum Multiplication
44. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Sample- and-Hold
Pulse Code Modulation
Anti-Imaging Filter
Zero-Latency Monitoring
45. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
I/O Connection Buffering
Overflow
Equal Loudness Contour
Decoder
46. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
CPU Buffering
Oversampling
0 dB FS
Dithering
47. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Photoreceptor
Spectrum Multiplication
Attenuation
Pulse Density Modulation
48. Have odd numbered harmonics
Fidelity
Square Wave
Pulse Code Modulation
M-S Stereo
49. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Glass Master
Internal Resolution
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Pad Head & Tail
50. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Additive Synthesis...
Pulse Density Modulation
Rarefaction