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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






2. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






3. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






4. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source






5. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






6. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






7. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency






8. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






9. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short






10. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono






11. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






12. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file






13. Have odd numbered harmonics






14. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






15. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals






16. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






17. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






18. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






19. EBU






20. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR






21. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






22. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






23. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






24. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo






25. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






26. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






27. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






28. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB






29. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






30. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light






31. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM






32. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion






33. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1






34. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






35. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






36. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






37. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






38. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






39. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






40. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






41. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)






42. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent






43. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






44. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.






45. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






46. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






47. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)






48. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






49. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating






50. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code







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