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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






2. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction






3. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light






4. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






5. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.






6. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






7. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






8. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






9. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






10. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)






11. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






12. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






13. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






14. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






15. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.






16. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive






17. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC






18. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent






19. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






20. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec






21. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format






22. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






23. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering






24. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






25. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






26. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






27. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






28. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data






29. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude






30. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly






31. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






32. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






33. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);






34. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






35. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






36. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






37. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






38. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit






39. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating






40. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo






41. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






42. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






43. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono






44. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM






45. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






46. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.






47. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)






48. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






49. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






50. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available







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