SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
dB/FS
Decimation Filter
Attenuation
Morse Code
2. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Average Bit Rate
DVD-5
Sampling Rule
Word Clock
3. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Codec
European Broadcasting Union
SACD
4. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Quantizer
Overflow
Aliasing
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
5. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Successive Approximation
Storage Conversion Steps
Playback Buffering
Noise Shaping
6. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Latency
Sinusoidal
CPU Buffering
Coaxial
7. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Harmonic Content
EtherSound
Sample- and-Hold
Bit Rate
8. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Floating Point
Jitter
Harry Nyquist
Word Clock
9. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
CobraNet
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Oscillation
Effective Bit Depth
10. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Dynamic Range
DVD-Audio
Quantizer
Oscillation
11. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Ethernet
Buffer Size
Glass Master
6 dB
12. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Sonogram
Cutoff Frequency
Noise Shaping
Aliasing
13. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
A/D Conversion
Peak Level
Cutoff Frequency
Sampling Rule
14. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Sine Wave
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Overflow
European Broadcasting Union
15. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Entropy Coding
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Joseph Fourier
DVD-5
16. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Joint Stereo
Direct Monitoring
Effective Bit Depth
Sample Rate
17. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Photoreceptor
Playback Buffering
Motion Pictures Experts Group
TOSLINK
18. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
DVD-18
Frames
Oversampling
19. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Codec
Voltage
Edit Decision List
Interleaved
20. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Fourier Series
Pass Band
Headroom Bits
Normalizing
21. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Headroom Bits
AoE Formats
Foldover
Pulse Width Modulation
22. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Sawtooth Wave
Sonogram
Interpolation Filter
23. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
DVD-10
DVD-14
Voltage
Additive Synthesis...
24. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Sine Wave
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
DVD-14
Intensity
25. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Significand
Gain Staging
Convolution
Normalizing
26. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Frames
Lossy Formats
Pulse Density Modulation
Cutoff Frequency
27. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Lossy Formats
Interpolation Filter
Stapedes Reflex
RMS Meter
28. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Pulse Width Modulation
Noise Shaping
Interpolation Filter
Delta-Sigma Modulation
29. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Redither
Micron
Equal Loudness Contour
Sampling Rule
30. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
A/D Conversion
Internal Resolution
Pass Band
Subbands
31. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Threshold of Hearing
Convolution
Sample Rate
Constant Bit Rate
32. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Algorithm
Micron
Pulse Code Modulation
Entropy Coding
33. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Joseph Fourier
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Red Book
Floating Point
34. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Interpolation Filter
Digital
dB/SPL
Dolby 5.1
35. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
RMS Meter
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
DVD-5
Buffering Locations
36. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Entropy Coding
Lightpipe
Significand
Square Wave
37. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Jitter
Requirements for CD Audio
Dolby 7.1
Perceptual Coding
38. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Normalizing
Playback Buffering
39. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Decimation Filter
Normalizing
Oversampling
40. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Acoustics
Physical Disc Format
A/D Conversion
Transfer Protocol
41. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Buffering Locations
Base 2 System
X-Axis Terminology
Stapedes Reflex
42. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
M-S Stereo
Pad Head & Tail
Physical Disc Format
Convolution
43. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
TOSLINK
Redither
Voltage
Gain Staging
44. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
Dithering
PCM
dB/FS
SACD
45. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
TOSLINK
Recording Levels
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Sample Rate
46. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
DVD-18
Noise Shaping
Optical Cable
Coaxial
47. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
AoE Formats
Anti-Imaging Filter
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Dolby 7.1
48. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Digital
Joint Stereo
AES3
Frequency
49. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Cutoff Frequency
Pad Head & Tail
Significand
Threshold of Pain
50. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Ethernet
Direct Stream Digital
Lossy
Threshold of Pain