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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Perceptual Coding
Sonogram
Conversion Buffering
SACD
2. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
Pulse Density Modulation
0 dB FS
Cutoff Frequency
Audio Engineering Society
3. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
PCM
Effective Bit Depth
Peak Level
Anti-Imaging Filter
4. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
RMS Meter
dB/FS
Perceptual Coding
5. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Attenuation
Perceptual Coding
Sinusoidal
Coaxial
6. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
AES3
Bit Depth
Sawtooth Wave
7. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
DVD-10
Coaxial
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Successive Approximation
8. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Spectrum Multiplication
Digital
Index of Reflectivity
Coaxial
9. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Spectra
Normalizing
Intensity Stereo
Frames
10. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Constant Bit Rate
Word Clock
Redither
Average Bit Rate
11. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
Interpolation Filter
Requirements for CD Audio
dB/FS
12. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Overflow
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Oversampling
Storage Conversion Steps
13. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Masking Analysis...
Lossless Formats
TOSLINK
Anti-Aliasing Filter
14. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Direct Monitoring
2 Dimensions of Sound
Interleaved
AoE Formats
15. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Subbands
Normalizing
RMS
16. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Direct Monitoring
Interleaved
Pass Band
MONO
17. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Sample- and-Hold
Interpolation Filter
Audio Engineering Society
Glass Master
18. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Gain Staging
Normalizing
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Lossless Formats
19. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Oversampling
Edit Decision List
D/A Conversion
Intensity
20. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Dolby 5.1
Speed of Sound
PCM
21. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
AoE Formats
Threshold of Hearing
Direct Stream Digital
Optical Cable
22. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
dBFS
Spectra
DVD-9
Sinusoidal
23. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Digital
Oscillation
dB/SPL
Storage Conversion Steps
24. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
I/O Connection Buffering
Pulse Width Modulation
Interleaved
Playback Buffering
25. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Compression
Nyquist Frequency
Blu-Ray
26. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
dB/SPL
Quantization Intervals
Frames
Algorithm
27. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Fidelity
Latency
Coaxial
Claude Shannon
28. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Significand
Resolution
RMS
Floating Point
29. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Joseph Fourier
Class - D Amplifier
Attenuation
30. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Exponent
Blu-Ray
Noise Shaping
Claude Shannon
31. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
DVD-10
Square Wave
Playback Buffering
European Broadcasting Union
32. EBU
European Broadcasting Union
Headroom Bits
TOSLINK
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
33. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Dolby 7.1
Harry Nyquist
Threshold of Hearing
Cutoff Frequency
34. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Dynamic Range
Direct Monitoring
Frequency
Psychoacoustics
35. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Dolby 7.1
Ethernet
Pass Band
Exponent
36. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Direct Monitoring
Intensity
Nanometer
Algorithm
37. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Successive Approximation
PCM
Conversion Buffering
Impulse Response
38. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Headroom Bits
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Internal Resolution
Physical Disc Format
39. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Ethernet
Frequency
6 dB
Physical Disc Format
40. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Average Bit Rate
Pulse Density Modulation
Sample- and-Hold
Delta-Sigma Modulation
41. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Low-Latency Monitoring
Sample Rate
SCMS
Intensity
42. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Oscillation
Lossy Formats
Gain Staging
Sinusoidal
43. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Zero-Latency Monitoring
TOSLINK
Photoreceptor
Low-Latency Monitoring
44. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Intensity
Perceptual Coding
Class - D Amplifier
Sonogram
45. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Quantization
Sampling Rule
Sawtooth Wave
Frequency
46. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Frames
Average Bit Rate
Peak Level
Interleaved
47. Decibels Full Scale
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Square Wave
Delta-Sigma Modulation
dBFS
48. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Quantization Intervals
Edit Decision List
Compression
49. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Compression
2 Dimensions of Sound
EtherSound
Oscillation
50. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Noise Shaping
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Square Wave
Pulse Code Modulation