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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Fourier Series
Pulse Width Modulation
Lossy Formats
Zero-Latency Monitoring
2. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Effective Bit Depth
Internal Resolution
Foldover
Fourier Series
3. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Floating Point
EtherSound
Compression
TOSLINK
4. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Effective Bit Depth
Optical Cable
Speed of Sound
5. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Direct Stream Digital
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Photoreceptor
Acoustics
6. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Codec
Convolution
Effective Bit Depth
7. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
Sinusoidal
DVD-5
DVD-14
Acoustics
8. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Harry Nyquist
Low-Latency Monitoring
Subbands
Effective Bit Depth
9. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Cutoff Frequency
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Playback Buffering
Physical Disc Format
10. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Sonogram
DVD-5
Aliasing
dB/FS
11. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
European Broadcasting Union
Equal Loudness Contour
Dolby 5.1
Compression
12. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Joseph Fourier
Successive Approximation
Noise Shaping
DVD-5
13. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Lossy Formats
Sine Wave
I/O Connection Buffering
Sonogram
14. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Sonogram
Playback Buffering
Amplitude Accuracy
15. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Fidelity
Transfer Protocol
Inter-Channel Redundancy
16. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Lossy Formats
Quantization Intervals
EtherSound
Speed of Sound
17. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Bit Rate
MONO
Glass Master
Zero-Latency Monitoring
18. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Lossy Formats
CobraNet
Direct Monitoring
TOSLINK
19. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Sinusoidal
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Noise Shaping
I/O Connection Buffering
20. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Low-Latency Monitoring
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Significand
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
21. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Sample- and-Hold
Index of Reflectivity
Joint Stereo
Lossy
22. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Transfer Protocol
Digital
Normalizing
Lightpipe
23. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Sawtooth Wave
Masking Analysis...
CPU Buffering
Perceptual Coding
24. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Attenuation
Oscillation
Recording Levels
Interleaved
25. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Threshold of Hearing
Sonogram
dB/FS
Red Book
26. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
RMS Meter
Quantizer
Photoreceptor
Cutoff Frequency
27. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Lossless Formats
Voltage
Sample- and-Hold
Audio Engineering Society
28. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Sawtooth Wave
Latency
29. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Blu-Ray
Oversampling
Harmonic Content
Decimation Filter
30. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Impulse Response
Frames
Storage Conversion Steps
Glass Master
31. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
0 dB FS
Coaxial
Internal Resolution
MONO
32. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Normalizing
Direct Monitoring
DVD-10
Class - D Amplifier
33. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Gain Staging
Headroom Bits
Sampling Rule
Amplitude Accuracy
34. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
dB/SPL
Pulse Width Modulation
Requirements for CD Audio
Significand
35. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Decoder
D/A Conversion
Jitter
Pulse Code Modulation
36. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Voltage
Cutoff Frequency
Claude Shannon
Sampling Rule
37. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Threshold of Hearing
CobraNet
Lossy
Coaxial
38. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Noise Shaping
Low-Latency Monitoring
Aliasing
Edit Decision List
39. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Sample- and-Hold
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Overflow
Edit Decision List
40. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Low-Latency Monitoring
Convolution
Gain Staging
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
41. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Lossless
Convolution
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Micron
42. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Effective Bit Depth
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
6 dB
43. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
RMS
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Impulse Response
Lossless
44. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Peak Level
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Rarefaction
45. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
A/D Conversion
Buffering Locations
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Internal Resolution
46. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Buffering Locations
Sampling Theorem
Psychoacoustics
47. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Average Bit Rate
Edit Decision List
Ethernet
48. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Redither
Recording Levels
6 dB
Index of Reflectivity
49. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
PCM
Base 2 System
Y-Axis Terminology
Fidelity
50. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Compression
Analog
Interpolation Filter
Signal- to- Noise Ratio