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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Storage Conversion Steps
Pass Band
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Blu-Ray
2. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Sampling (Samples)
Anti-Imaging Filter
Logical Format
Algorithm
3. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Quantization Intervals
Peak Level
Buffering Locations
Decoder
4. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Convolution
Significand
Quantization Intervals
Claude Shannon
5. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Oscillation
Oversampling
Micron
6. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Red Book
Playback Buffering
Compression
Dolby 5.1
7. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Quantization Error
DVD-14
Sampling (Samples)
Sonogram
8. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Latency
Constant Bit Rate
Floating Point
Voltage
9. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Class - D Amplifier
Buffer Size
M-S Stereo
Average Bit Rate
10. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Decoder
Additive Synthesis...
Dithering
11. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
European Broadcasting Union
Direct Stream Digital
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
PCM
12. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
I/O Connection Buffering
Interleaved
D/A Conversion
Headroom Bits
13. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Floating Point
PCM
DVD-10
Average Bit Rate
14. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
CobraNet
Harmonic Content
Red Book
Quantization Intervals
15. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
Blu-Ray
SCMS
Claude Shannon
Quantization Error
16. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Resolution
Algorithm
Noise Shaping
Glass Master
17. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Storage Conversion Steps
Headroom Bits
Claude Shannon
18. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Stapedes Reflex
Perceptual Coding
Pulse Code Modulation
Blu-Ray
19. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Cutoff Frequency
Claude Shannon
Sinusoidal
Playback Buffering
20. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
DVD-18
Impulse Response
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
21. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Overflow
Anti-Imaging Filter
Playback Buffering
Storage Conversion Steps
22. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Sample Rate
RMS
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
23. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Transfer Protocol
Sample Rate
Stapedes Reflex
Sample- and-Hold
24. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
DVD-9
Significand
Average Bit Rate
Headroom Bits
25. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Lossless
Harmonic Content
Interleaved
Joint Stereo
26. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Joint Stereo
X-Axis Terminology
Rarefaction
Morse Code
27. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Oscillation
Recording Levels
TOSLINK
Pass Band
28. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Aliasing
Headroom Bits
29. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Pulse Density Modulation
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Cutoff Frequency
30. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Glass Master
Redither
Dolby 5.1
Harmonic Content
31. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Variable Bit Rate
dB/FS
Buffering Locations
Interpolation Filter
32. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Logical Format
Dithering
Conversion Buffering
Pulse Width Modulation
33. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Bit Rate
Nanometer
Sampling (Samples)
Fourier Series
34. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
A/D Conversion
AES3
Average Bit Rate
dB/FS
35. Same as 'aliasing'
Convolution
Foldover
Frequency
Sawtooth Wave
36. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Pass Band
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Digital Signal Processing
Decimation Filter
37. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Quantization
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Intensity Stereo
Sample- and-Hold
38. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Harry Nyquist
M-S Stereo
Micron
dBFS
39. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Zero-Latency Monitoring
0 dB FS
Threshold of Hearing
X-Axis Terminology
40. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Amplitude Accuracy
Sine Wave
Audio Engineering Society
Anti-Aliasing Filter
41. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Redither
Digital
Interpolation Filter
DVD-14
42. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Aliasing
TOSLINK
Fourier Series
Psychoacoustics
43. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Fidelity
Pulse Density Modulation
Blu-Ray
D/A Conversion
44. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Buffer Size
Pulse Width Modulation
Spectrum Multiplication
D/A Conversion
45. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Lightpipe
Blu-Ray
Interpolation Filter
Normalizing
46. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Red Book
DVD-18
Decimation Filter
D/A Conversion
47. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Lossless Formats
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Gain Staging
Dithering
48. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Compression
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Equal Loudness Contour
Requirements for CD Audio
49. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Overflow
Speed of Sound
Conversion Buffering
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
50. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
Joint Stereo
Blu-Ray
Fidelity
M-S Stereo