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Digital Audio
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Voltage
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
2. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
DVD-18
Index of Reflectivity
Dolby 5.1
dB/FS
3. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Sampling Theorem
Oversampling
Dithering
4. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Effective Bit Depth
RMS
Dolby 5.1
dBFS
5. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Glass Master
Harmonic Content
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Entropy Coding
6. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Sampling (Samples)
Direct Monitoring
Playback Buffering
Amplitude Accuracy
7. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
SACD
Sinusoidal
Spectrum Multiplication
8. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Harmonic Content
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
TOSLINK
Latency
9. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Average Bit Rate
Sampling Theorem
Redither
Decoder
10. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Transfer Protocol
EtherSound
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Blu-Ray
11. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Morse Code
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Normalizing
12. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Quantization Error
Analog
Photoreceptor
13. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Requirements for CD Audio
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Coaxial
14. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Psychoacoustics
CPU Buffering
Headroom Bits
Requirements for A/D Conversion
15. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
dB/SPL
Latency
Lossy
Impulse Response
16. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Recording Levels
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
RMS
Sonogram
17. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Digital Signal Processing
SACD
Analog
18. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Compression
Headroom Bits
Successive Approximation
Floating Point
19. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Successive Approximation
Claude Shannon
TOSLINK
Pulse Code Modulation
20. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Sampling (Samples)
Low-Latency Monitoring
Impulse Response
Spectrum Multiplication
21. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Acoustics
Bit Depth
Amplitude Accuracy
D/A Conversion
22. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Fidelity
Effective Bit Depth
Equal Loudness Contour
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
23. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Psychoacoustics
Internal Resolution
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Requirements for CD Audio
24. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
TOSLINK
Lossless Formats
Sonogram
Sine Wave
25. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Psychoacoustics
6 dB
Playback Buffering
Requirements for CD Audio
26. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Effective Bit Depth
Speed of Sound
Analog
Y-Axis Terminology
27. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Buffering Locations
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Interleaved
28. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Significand
DVD-5
Variable Bit Rate
Pulse Width Modulation
29. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
dB/FS
Conversion Buffering
Pulse Density Modulation
Jitter
30. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Dynamic Range
Logical Format
Anti-Imaging Filter
Playback Buffering
31. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Sample Rate
Sine Wave
Effective Bit Depth
Oversampling
32. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Acoustics
Data Packing
Frames
Constant Bit Rate
33. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Interpolation Filter
Anti-Imaging Filter
Playback Buffering
SCMS
34. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
DVD-10
SACD
Pulse Width Modulation
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
35. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Lossy Formats
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Subbands
Playback Buffering
36. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
TOSLINK
2 Dimensions of Sound
Base 2 System
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
37. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Joint Stereo
Digital
Sonogram
Resolution
38. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Photoreceptor
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Pulse Density Modulation
Intensity Stereo
39. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Impulse Response
Word Clock
D/A Conversion
Sinusoidal
40. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Attenuation
Compression
Logical Format
Micron
41. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Spectra
SACD
Storage Conversion Steps
Ethernet
42. Same as 'aliasing'
Pad Head & Tail
Subbands
Foldover
Lossless
43. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Morse Code
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Sampling (Samples)
Latency
44. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Lightpipe
Perceptual Coding
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Index of Reflectivity
45. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
Lossy
Compression
Frequency
DVD-14
46. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Attenuation
Exponent
Frequency
Resolution
47. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Interleaved
Masking Analysis...
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
48. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Frames
Pad Head & Tail
Internal Resolution
Spectra
49. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Pulse Width Modulation
Sampling Rule
Overflow
Compression
50. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
DVD-10
Claude Shannon
M-S Stereo
Recording Levels
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