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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Subbands
Compression
Digital
Square Wave
2. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Stapedes Reflex
AoE Formats
PCM
Audio Engineering Society
3. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Joseph Fourier
Lossless
Variable Bit Rate
Joint Stereo
4. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Quantization Intervals
Audio Engineering Society
Digital
DVD-Audio
5. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Analog
Cutoff Frequency
Lossless
Physical Disc Format
6. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Spectrum Multiplication
Digital
Joint Stereo
DVD-10
7. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Harmonic Content
Analog
Dolby 7.1
Footroom
8. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
DVD-9
Dithering
Requirements for CD Audio
9. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Pass Band
Claude Shannon
Y-Axis Terminology
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
10. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Compression
Headroom Bits
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
11. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Glass Master
Oversampling
DVD-18
Acoustics
12. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Sampling Theorem
Sawtooth Wave
Buffer Size
Oversampling
13. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Lossless
European Broadcasting Union
Dolby 7.1
Buffering
14. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Data Packing
Sampling (Samples)
Morse Code
15. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Footroom
Pulse Width Modulation
0 dB FS
Entropy Coding
16. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Joint Stereo
Voltage
Noise Shaping
Conversion Buffering
17. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Oversampling
Latency
Lossy Formats
Delta-Sigma Modulation
18. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Sample- and-Hold
Requirements for CD Audio
Additive Synthesis...
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
19. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Pulse Width Modulation
Playback Buffering
Fletcher- Munson Curve
dB/FS
20. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
A/D Conversion
Intensity Stereo
Nanometer
Amplitude Accuracy
21. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Pad Head & Tail
Speed of Sound
Conversion Buffering
AoE Formats
22. EBU
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
European Broadcasting Union
Buffering
Sampling (Samples)
23. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
AES3
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Frames
Codec
24. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
dB/FS
Subbands
Bit Rate
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
25. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Resolution
Interpolation Filter
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Word Clock
26. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Entropy Coding
Edit Decision List
Floating Point
Quantizer
27. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Constant Bit Rate
Bit Depth
Oscillation
Recording Levels
28. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Recording Levels
Sample Rate
DVD-10
A/D Conversion
29. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Quantization Intervals
Direct Stream Digital
Quantization
Equal Loudness Contour
30. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
DVD-14
Sample Rate
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Direct Stream Digital
31. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
X-Axis Terminology
Cutoff Frequency
6 dB
Masking Analysis...
32. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Spectra
Subbands
Pulse Density Modulation
Sampling Theorem
33. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Micron
Digital Signal Processing
Floating Point
Acoustics
34. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Lossy
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Morse Code
35. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
DVD-14
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Subbands
36. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Physical Disc Format
Buffering
Lossless Formats
37. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
RMS
PCM
Dynamic Range
0 dB FS
38. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Quantization Intervals
6 dB
Digital
Edit Decision List
39. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Entropy Coding
Rarefaction
Direct Monitoring
Quantization Error
40. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Playback Buffering
DVD-9
Direct Monitoring
Anti-Aliasing Filter
41. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Lossy
Floating Point
Lightpipe
A/D Conversion
42. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Analog
I/O Connection Buffering
CPU Buffering
Sampling Theorem
43. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Anti-Imaging Filter
Micron
Index of Reflectivity
dB/FS
44. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Cutoff Frequency
PCM
EtherSound
Pulse Density Modulation
45. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Direct Stream Digital
Buffering
Quantization Intervals
Sampling Rule
46. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Equal Loudness Contour
Buffering Locations
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Threshold of Pain
47. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Class - D Amplifier
Base 2 System
DVD-5
6 dB
48. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Harmonic Content
Oversampling
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Quantizer
49. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
DVD-5
Sonogram
Gain Staging
Transfer Protocol
50. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Intensity
Physical Disc Format
Claude Shannon
Interpolation Filter
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