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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






2. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal






3. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short






4. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






5. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






6. 12.33 GB; DS/ML






7. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






8. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






9. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






10. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response






11. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






12. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude






13. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






14. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






15. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






16. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!






17. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






18. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






19. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






20. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits






21. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






22. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency






23. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






24. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






25. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet






26. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






27. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit






28. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience






29. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground






30. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)






31. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input






32. The loudest point of a Full Scale system






33. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






34. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






35. Have odd numbered harmonics






36. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.






37. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency






38. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






39. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






40. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo






41. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter






42. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






43. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3






44. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






45. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion






46. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio






47. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






48. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission






49. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






50. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.







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