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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
DVD-5
dB/FS
Joseph Fourier
2. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Fidelity
Frequency
Buffer Size
Acoustics
3. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
AES3
Y-Axis Terminology
X-Axis Terminology
4. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Lossless
Noise Shaping
Dolby 7.1
Data Packing
5. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Lossless Formats
Joseph Fourier
Exponent
6 dB
6. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Sawtooth Wave
Y-Axis Terminology
AoE Formats
7. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Rarefaction
Intensity
Sample- and-Hold
Low-Latency Monitoring
8. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Harry Nyquist
dBFS
Masking Analysis...
9. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Physical Disc Format
Glass Master
AES3
I/O Connection Buffering
10. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
CPU Buffering
Playback Buffering
dBFS
Dolby 7.1
11. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Pulse Density Modulation
D/A Conversion
Additive Synthesis...
Optical Cable
12. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Buffering Locations
Oversampling
Joint Stereo
Buffering
13. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
X-Axis Terminology
Speed of Sound
Convolution
Claude Shannon
14. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Jitter
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
15. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Base 2 System
Buffering
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Audio Engineering Society
16. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
CobraNet
Latency
Glass Master
Coaxial
17. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
0 dB FS
Masking Analysis...
Joseph Fourier
Quantization Intervals
18. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Fidelity
Internal Resolution
Oscillation
Equal Loudness Contour
19. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
Codec
Interleaved
6 dB
20. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Lossless
Buffering
Quantizer
21. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Index of Reflectivity
Impulse Response
Digital
Coaxial
22. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Sampling Theorem
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Audio Engineering Society
Cutoff Frequency
23. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
Oversampling
Buffer Size
Morse Code
Analog
24. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Perceptual Coding
Nyquist Frequency
Storage Conversion Steps
Requirements for CD Audio
25. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
EtherSound
Morse Code
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
0 dB FS
26. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Bit Rate
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
dB/FS
Blu-Ray
27. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Morse Code
Low-Latency Monitoring
Quantizer
Subbands
28. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Buffer Size
Spectrum Multiplication
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Codec
29. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Footroom
Significand
Class - D Amplifier
Requirements for CD Audio
30. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Index of Reflectivity
Nyquist Frequency
Pulse Width Modulation
Base 2 System
31. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Sinusoidal
DVD-14
Quantization Error
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
32. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Threshold of Pain
Cutoff Frequency
Nanometer
Noise Shaping
33. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
DVD-14
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Nanometer
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
34. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Cutoff Frequency
Pad Head & Tail
Acoustics
Anti-Imaging Filter
35. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Morse Code
Effective Bit Depth
Headroom Bits
European Broadcasting Union
36. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Pulse Code Modulation
Average Bit Rate
DVD-5
Headroom Bits
37. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Quantizer
Photoreceptor
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Attenuation
38. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Lossy
Variable Bit Rate
Entropy Coding
39. Same as 'aliasing'
Cutoff Frequency
Foldover
CobraNet
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
40. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Coaxial
Intensity
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Red Book
41. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Analog
Sample- and-Hold
Morse Code
42. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Sampling (Samples)
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Direct Monitoring
Inter-Channel Redundancy
43. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Voltage
Frequency
Algorithm
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
44. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
X-Axis Terminology
Oscillation
Sampling (Samples)
45. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Compression
Peak Level
Y-Axis Terminology
Class - D Amplifier
46. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
CPU Buffering
Low-Latency Monitoring
0 dB FS
Voltage
47. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Psychoacoustics
Physical Disc Format
Recording Levels
Noise Shaping
48. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Base 2 System
Micron
DVD-18
Coaxial
49. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
DVD-9
Sample- and-Hold
Codec
Peak Level
50. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Interleaved
Pulse Code Modulation
Headroom Bits
Low-Latency Monitoring