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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Nyquist Frequency
SCMS
2. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
2 Dimensions of Sound
0 dB FS
Sampling (Samples)
Sawtooth Wave
3. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Word Clock
Psychoacoustics
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Quantization
4. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Frames
Overflow
Recording Levels
5. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Blu-Ray
Storage Conversion Steps
Effective Bit Depth
Lossless Formats
6. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Requirements for A/D Conversion
0 dB FS
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Storage Conversion Steps
7. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Edit Decision List
Sinusoidal
0 dB FS
Delta-Sigma Modulation
8. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Compression
Claude Shannon
Intensity Stereo
Successive Approximation
9. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Bit Rate
Buffer Size
Dolby 7.1
Pulse Density Modulation
10. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Edit Decision List
Lightpipe
Nyquist Frequency
Sampling Rule
11. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Acoustics
MONO
Noise Shaping
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
12. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
Rarefaction
Decimation Filter
PCM
Interleaved
13. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Playback Buffering
PCM
EtherSound
Algorithm
14. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
DVD-18
Quantizer
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Rarefaction
15. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
DVD-18
Dithering
Voltage
16. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Sawtooth Wave
Glass Master
Exponent
17. AES
Rarefaction
Perceptual Coding
Algorithm
Audio Engineering Society
18. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
Amplitude Accuracy
Storage Conversion Steps
Low-Latency Monitoring
19. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Resolution
Pass Band
Blu-Ray
Jitter
20. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Bit Rate
Transfer Protocol
Direct Stream Digital
Effective Bit Depth
21. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
RMS
Sampling Theorem
0 dB FS
Exponent
22. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
6 dB
Physical Disc Format
DVD-14
23. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Dolby 7.1
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Normalizing
Pass Band
24. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Nanometer
Buffering Locations
Class - D Amplifier
Constant Bit Rate
25. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Spectra
Zero-Latency Monitoring
SACD
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
26. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Claude Shannon
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Quantization Error
6 dB
27. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
dB/FS
Headroom Bits
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Digital
28. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Digital
Blu-Ray
Word Clock
29. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Optical Cable
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
30. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Data Packing
Sampling (Samples)
Lossless
Buffer Size
31. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Quantizer
Decimation Filter
Morse Code
Index of Reflectivity
32. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
M-S Stereo
A/D Conversion
SACD
Cutoff Frequency
33. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Perceptual Coding
DVD-Audio
Lossy Formats
DVD-14
34. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Exponent
Speed of Sound
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Dolby 7.1
35. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Algorithm
PCM
Sonogram
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
36. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
dB/SPL
Fourier Series
Variable Bit Rate
D/A Conversion
37. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Decimation Filter
Rarefaction
CPU Buffering
Sample- and-Hold
38. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Aliasing
Morse Code
Intensity
Cutoff Frequency
39. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
0 dB FS
Lossy
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Joseph Fourier
40. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Lossy
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Coaxial
Psychoacoustics
41. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Amplitude Accuracy
Blu-Ray
Pulse Density Modulation
42. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Class - D Amplifier
Headroom Bits
Pad Head & Tail
Significand
43. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Jitter
Subbands
Quantization
Pass Band
44. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Dolby 7.1
Resolution
Optical Cable
DVD-14
45. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Buffering
Codec
Y-Axis Terminology
46. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Significand
Nyquist Frequency
Logical Format
Word Clock
47. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Compression
Buffering
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Voltage
48. Have odd numbered harmonics
Micron
Square Wave
Direct Monitoring
Interpolation Filter
49. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
MONO
Red Book
Logical Format
Impulse Response
50. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
Cutoff Frequency
PCM
Lossless