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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. EBU
European Broadcasting Union
Class - D Amplifier
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Pad Head & Tail
2. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Equal Loudness Contour
Joseph Fourier
Requirements for CD Audio
Attenuation
3. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Foldover
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Lightpipe
Lossy
4. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Masking Analysis...
Optical Cable
Exponent
Y-Axis Terminology
5. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
SCMS
M-S Stereo
Low-Latency Monitoring
Significand
6. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Edit Decision List
Stapedes Reflex
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Cutoff Frequency
7. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Quantization
Pulse Density Modulation
Frequency
Micron
8. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
Dolby 7.1
Peak Level
Frequency
Redither
9. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Oversampling
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Decoder
Sine Wave
10. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Attenuation
Significand
Successive Approximation
SACD
11. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Conversion Buffering
Analog
Blu-Ray
Fourier Series
12. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Acoustics
Constant Bit Rate
Nanometer
Delta-Sigma Modulation
13. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Oversampling
Dithering
Noise Shaping
Overflow
14. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
PCM
Quantization
X-Axis Terminology
Playback Buffering
15. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
European Broadcasting Union
Joseph Fourier
Codec
16. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
DVD-9
Quantization Intervals
Dithering
Red Book
17. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Zero-Latency Monitoring
SACD
Intensity Stereo
Oversampling
18. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Headroom Bits
Threshold of Pain
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Jitter
19. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Decimation Filter
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Quantization Error
Pulse Density Modulation
20. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Interpolation Filter
DVD-5
Overflow
Requirements for CD Audio
21. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
TOSLINK
Requirements for A/D Conversion
dBFS
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
22. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
Additive Synthesis...
SACD
Physical Disc Format
23. The amount of energy at each wavelength
RMS
Harry Nyquist
Spectra
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
24. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Average Bit Rate
2 Dimensions of Sound
CPU Buffering
A/D Conversion
25. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Foldover
Average Bit Rate
Bit Rate
Significand
26. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Cutoff Frequency
SCMS
Dolby 5.1
Joseph Fourier
27. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Sawtooth Wave
Floating Point
RMS Meter
Harry Nyquist
28. Have odd numbered harmonics
Square Wave
Speed of Sound
Audio Engineering Society
Noise Shaping
29. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Internal Resolution
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Buffering Locations
Dolby 5.1
30. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Effective Bit Depth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Frequency
Peak Level
31. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Footroom
Conversion Buffering
Lossless
32. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Sampling (Samples)
Blu-Ray
Conversion Buffering
Playback Buffering
33. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Quantizer
Base 2 System
Nanometer
Frames
34. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Peak Level
Anti-Imaging Filter
Recording Levels
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
35. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Impulse Response
Constant Bit Rate
Ethernet
Rarefaction
36. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Spectrum Multiplication
Gain Staging
Buffering Locations
TOSLINK
37. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Anti-Imaging Filter
Rarefaction
M-S Stereo
Latency
38. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Effective Bit Depth
Aliasing
Y-Axis Terminology
Sampling Theorem
39. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Digital Signal Processing
Pad Head & Tail
Jitter
Requirements for CD Audio
40. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Noise Shaping
Fourier Series
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Data Packing
41. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
Compression
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
0 dB FS
Fletcher- Munson Curve
42. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Aliasing
Noise Shaping
Successive Approximation
Glass Master
43. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Equal Loudness Contour
Compression
Oversampling
Effective Bit Depth
44. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Dolby 7.1
Ethernet
Gain Staging
45. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Class - D Amplifier
dBFS
Logical Format
Acoustics
46. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Lossy Formats
Equal Loudness Contour
Base 2 System
Red Book
47. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Index of Reflectivity
Gain Staging
DVD-9
Lossless
48. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Word Clock
RMS
Algorithm
Blu-Ray
49. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Sample Rate
Bit Rate
Dolby 5.1
Conversion Buffering
50. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Gain Staging
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Oscillation
Direct Monitoring