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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Acoustics
Blu-Ray
Sonogram
Cutoff Frequency
2. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Threshold of Pain
Harmonic Content
Pass Band
Cutoff Frequency
3. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Nanometer
Logical Format
Quantization Error
Base 2 System
4. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Internal Resolution
Threshold of Pain
Impulse Response
Digital Signal Processing
5. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Footroom
Lossless
Coaxial
Conversion Buffering
6. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Attenuation
Codec
Lossy Formats
Spectra
7. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Lossless
Buffer Size
Floating Point
Harry Nyquist
8. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Equal Loudness Contour
Quantizer
Speed of Sound
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
9. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Harmonic Content
DVD-Audio
10. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Morse Code
Lossy Formats
SACD
Optical Cable
11. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Variable Bit Rate
Playback Buffering
Fidelity
12. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Effective Bit Depth
Coaxial
Impulse Response
Pad Head & Tail
13. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Blu-Ray
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Playback Buffering
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
14. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Sinusoidal
Bit Rate
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Threshold of Hearing
15. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
CPU Buffering
Footroom
Storage Conversion Steps
Digital
16. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
0 dB FS
Sinusoidal
Spectra
DVD-10
17. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Sawtooth Wave
A/D Conversion
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Dynamic Range
18. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Joint Stereo
dB/SPL
Pad Head & Tail
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
19. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Playback Buffering
Pulse Density Modulation
Audio Engineering Society
TOSLINK
20. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Oversampling
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
DVD-5
Blu-Ray
21. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Pass Band
Fourier Series
Pulse Width Modulation
Constant Bit Rate
22. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
DVD-5
Pass Band
Sampling Theorem
Variable Bit Rate
23. Have odd numbered harmonics
Dithering
Psychoacoustics
Square Wave
Direct Stream Digital
24. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Y-Axis Terminology
Frames
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Quantizer
25. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
X-Axis Terminology
Interleaved
Claude Shannon
Nyquist Frequency
26. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Exponent
Perceptual Coding
Sample- and-Hold
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
27. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Joint Stereo
Sampling (Samples)
Interleaved
Micron
28. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
Oversampling
Internal Resolution
DVD-Audio
DVD-14
29. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
DVD-5
Oversampling
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Foldover
30. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
DVD-10
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Dithering
Frames
31. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Harry Nyquist
Variable Bit Rate
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Interpolation Filter
32. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
Equal Loudness Contour
Buffering Locations
0 dB FS
Sampling Rule
33. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Nyquist Frequency
Requirements for CD Audio
Impulse Response
Digital
34. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Bit Rate
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Nanometer
Fidelity
35. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Storage Conversion Steps
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
0 dB FS
36. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
SACD
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Sawtooth Wave
Buffering
37. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Anti-Imaging Filter
Intensity Stereo
Blu-Ray
Lossless Formats
38. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Oscillation
Fidelity
Sonogram
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
39. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
dB/SPL
Fourier Series
Micron
Floating Point
40. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Square Wave
Impulse Response
41. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Nanometer
Playback Buffering
Transfer Protocol
Successive Approximation
42. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Index of Reflectivity
Motion Pictures Experts Group
6 dB
I/O Connection Buffering
43. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Interleaved
dBFS
44. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Edit Decision List
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Additive Synthesis...
45. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
DVD-14
Intensity Stereo
Dynamic Range
Harmonic Content
46. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Pass Band
Sample Rate
Stapedes Reflex
Compression
47. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Compression
D/A Conversion
Oversampling
48. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Equal Loudness Contour
Transfer Protocol
Masking Analysis...
6 dB
49. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Direct Monitoring
EtherSound
Delta-Sigma Modulation
dBFS
50. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Pulse Density Modulation
Base 2 System
Exponent
Word Clock