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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






2. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






3. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues






4. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






5. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit






6. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






7. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby






8. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector






9. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






10. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3






11. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






12. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






13. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






14. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency






15. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






16. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






17. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM






18. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






19. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






20. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






21. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






22. EBU






23. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






24. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution






25. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter






26. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage






27. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






28. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio






29. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






30. 12.33 GB; DS/ML






31. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction






32. The amount of energy at each wavelength






33. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude






34. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






35. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding






36. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






37. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source






38. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






39. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






40. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






41. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector






42. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






43. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






44. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






45. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






46. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






47. 4.38 GB; SS/SL






48. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






49. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet






50. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave







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