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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Lossless
Convolution
Significand
Harmonic Content
2. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Analog
Pulse Code Modulation
Index of Reflectivity
Speed of Sound
3. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
I/O Connection Buffering
Normalizing
M-S Stereo
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
4. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
DVD-9
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Sampling Theorem
Latency
5. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Algorithm
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Floating Point
Delta-Sigma Modulation
6. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Spectra
Claude Shannon
Base 2 System
Playback Buffering
7. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
dB/FS
Buffering Locations
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
DVD-14
8. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Convolution
Impulse Response
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Redither
9. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Perceptual Coding
DVD-14
Harry Nyquist
10. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Footroom
Subbands
Stapedes Reflex
11. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Bit Rate
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Dolby 7.1
Sawtooth Wave
12. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Sonogram
Spectra
Intensity
Masking Analysis...
13. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Requirements for A/D Conversion
DVD-9
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
14. Have odd numbered harmonics
Algorithm
Square Wave
Lossless
DVD-18
15. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Fidelity
Logical Format
SACD
Spectrum Multiplication
16. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Cutoff Frequency
Masking Analysis...
Requirements for A/D Conversion
DVD-5
17. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Red Book
Constant Bit Rate
Dolby 5.1
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
18. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
CPU Buffering
Masking Analysis...
Fletcher- Munson Curve
AES3
19. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Class - D Amplifier
Lightpipe
DVD-Audio
Equal Loudness Contour
20. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
RMS Meter
Subbands
Aliasing
Algorithm
21. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Equal Loudness Contour
Sampling Theorem
Compression
Requirements for A/D Conversion
22. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
2 Dimensions of Sound
dBFS
Y-Axis Terminology
Lossy Formats
23. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Compression
Storage Conversion Steps
Internal Resolution
24. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Word Clock
Cutoff Frequency
Blu-Ray
M-S Stereo
25. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Lossless
Transfer Protocol
Threshold of Pain
Oversampling
26. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
DVD-5
Nanometer
I/O Connection Buffering
SCMS
27. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Sonogram
dB/FS
Perceptual Coding
Voltage
28. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Intensity Stereo
RMS Meter
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Delta-Sigma Modulation
29. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Amplitude Accuracy
dBFS
Base 2 System
Requirements for A/D Conversion
30. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Spectra
Footroom
Oversampling
EtherSound
31. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
Peak Level
Lossless
SACD
Playback Buffering
32. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Square Wave
Class - D Amplifier
Intensity Stereo
33. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Glass Master
Low-Latency Monitoring
Impulse Response
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
34. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Equal Loudness Contour
Amplitude Accuracy
Noise Shaping
Quantization
35. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Low-Latency Monitoring
Compression
Peak Level
dB/SPL
36. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Latency
Entropy Coding
Physical Disc Format
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
37. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Psychoacoustics
SACD
Buffering
Bit Rate
38. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
dB/FS
Dithering
Y-Axis Terminology
Constant Bit Rate
39. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Bit Rate
DVD-10
Noise Shaping
Compression
40. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Foldover
Joseph Fourier
DVD-18
Intensity Stereo
41. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Threshold of Pain
Oscillation
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
SACD
42. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Buffer Size
dB/FS
Sampling Rule
Oscillation
43. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Gain Staging
Harry Nyquist
Perceptual Coding
Playback Buffering
44. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Blu-Ray
Harmonic Content
Interpolation Filter
Threshold of Pain
45. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Cutoff Frequency
Frequency
Direct Stream Digital
DVD-10
46. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
Threshold of Hearing
0 dB FS
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Digital Signal Processing
47. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Pad Head & Tail
Latency
Direct Stream Digital
Oversampling
48. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Harry Nyquist
Pulse Width Modulation
Bit Depth
Dolby 7.1
49. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Quantizer
European Broadcasting Union
Blu-Ray
Significand
50. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Effective Bit Depth
Rarefaction
DVD-5
Sawtooth Wave