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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm






2. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






3. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur






4. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






5. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution






6. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






7. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.






8. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






9. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






10. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)






11. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






12. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






13. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






14. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers






15. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






16. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!






17. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






18. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






19. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit






20. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






21. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






22. AES






23. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






24. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






25. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






26. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal






27. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






28. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental






29. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






30. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






31. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






32. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






33. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe






34. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






35. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






36. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






37. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






38. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






39. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






40. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones






41. The amount of energy at each wavelength






42. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics






43. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






44. Decibels Full Scale






45. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






46. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






47. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






48. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






49. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track






50. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio







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