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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo






2. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution






3. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






4. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio






5. The loudest point of a Full Scale system






6. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






7. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






8. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






9. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering






10. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data






11. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






12. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored






13. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






14. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






15. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file






16. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);






17. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.






18. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter






19. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






20. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






21. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available






22. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






23. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






24. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






25. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






26. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






27. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






28. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono






29. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB






30. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






31. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






32. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






33. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






34. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






35. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency






36. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






37. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision






38. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel






39. Have odd numbered harmonics






40. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places






41. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)






42. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






43. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






44. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






45. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector






46. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






47. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






48. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






49. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






50. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication







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