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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Lossless
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Conversion Buffering
Lossy
2. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Analog
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Rarefaction
CobraNet
3. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Sampling Theorem
Resolution
Fidelity
Spectrum Multiplication
4. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Cutoff Frequency
RMS
Ethernet
M-S Stereo
5. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Bit Depth
CPU Buffering
Quantizer
Quantization Error
6. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Blu-Ray
Peak Level
Bit Depth
7. Have odd numbered harmonics
I/O Connection Buffering
Cutoff Frequency
Square Wave
Harry Nyquist
8. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
2 Dimensions of Sound
Dolby 5.1
Oversampling
9. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Convolution
Claude Shannon
6 dB
Noise Shaping
10. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Aliasing
Headroom Bits
Physical Disc Format
11. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Morse Code
Resolution
Codec
Sampling Theorem
12. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Frequency
Red Book
Bit Rate
Lightpipe
13. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
Pulse Width Modulation
Dolby 7.1
Bit Depth
14. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Frequency
Pulse Code Modulation
Entropy Coding
Storage Conversion Steps
15. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Perceptual Coding
Quantization Intervals
Dolby 7.1
Nanometer
16. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Psychoacoustics
Nyquist Frequency
Effective Bit Depth
Pass Band
17. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Analog
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
CobraNet
Lossless
18. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Pulse Code Modulation
AoE Formats
Morse Code
Speed of Sound
19. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Lightpipe
Cutoff Frequency
Sampling (Samples)
Harry Nyquist
20. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Psychoacoustics
Impulse Response
Fidelity
Dynamic Range
21. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Constant Bit Rate
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Cutoff Frequency
Anti-Aliasing Filter
22. Decibels Full Scale
Intensity
dBFS
Transfer Protocol
CobraNet
23. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
Motion Pictures Experts Group
M-S Stereo
SCMS
Frames
24. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
2 Dimensions of Sound
Ethernet
Lightpipe
Algorithm
25. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
RMS Meter
Internal Resolution
Micron
Lossless
26. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Fidelity
Sinusoidal
Successive Approximation
Subbands
27. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Constant Bit Rate
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Foldover
Pass Band
28. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
SCMS
Pulse Density Modulation
Threshold of Pain
dB/SPL
29. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Threshold of Hearing
Buffering
Quantization
Frequency
30. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Amplitude Accuracy
Frames
Convolution
Overflow
31. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Aliasing
Transfer Protocol
Exponent
Attenuation
32. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Exponent
Cutoff Frequency
Digital
DVD-9
33. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Harry Nyquist
Blu-Ray
Recording Levels
Acoustics
34. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Sine Wave
Sonogram
Edit Decision List
Amplitude Accuracy
35. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Audio Engineering Society
Blu-Ray
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
36. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Sampling (Samples)
Edit Decision List
Peak Level
Requirements for CD Audio
37. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Transfer Protocol
Equal Loudness Contour
Aliasing
38. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Codec
Data Packing
Dithering
Pass Band
39. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
dBFS
Floating Point
Intensity
M-S Stereo
40. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Sine Wave
Y-Axis Terminology
Fourier Series
X-Axis Terminology
41. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Fourier Series
A/D Conversion
DVD-18
DVD-5
42. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Dithering
2 Dimensions of Sound
Intensity Stereo
Quantization Error
43. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Variable Bit Rate
Acoustics
CobraNet
DVD-9
44. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Internal Resolution
Sine Wave
Spectra
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
45. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Oscillation
Compression
Sampling Rule
46. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Jitter
Anti-Imaging Filter
Average Bit Rate
Successive Approximation
47. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Sampling Rule
Blu-Ray
Sinusoidal
48. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Y-Axis Terminology
DVD-Audio
Data Packing
Joseph Fourier
49. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Harry Nyquist
Successive Approximation
Amplitude Accuracy
Oscillation
50. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Conversion Buffering
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Physical Disc Format
Compression
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