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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






2. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






3. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






4. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them






5. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage






6. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal






7. Have odd numbered harmonics






8. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect






9. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






10. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






11. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






12. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






13. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






14. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






15. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






16. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating






17. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






18. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






19. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






20. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input






21. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






22. Decibels Full Scale






23. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF






24. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






25. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






26. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






27. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement






28. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






29. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






30. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






31. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude






32. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






33. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






34. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies






35. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






36. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






37. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.






38. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






39. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






40. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






41. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






42. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






43. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude






44. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






45. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm






46. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






47. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response






48. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR






49. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






50. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector







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