Test your basic knowledge |

Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






2. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






3. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering






4. Decibels Full Scale






5. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






6. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored






7. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






8. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively






9. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together






10. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






11. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






12. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.






13. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






14. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






15. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






16. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format






17. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound






18. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)






19. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);






20. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






21. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






22. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)






23. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






24. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






25. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






26. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






27. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






28. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution






29. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






30. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






31. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






32. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






33. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






34. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR






35. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






36. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect






37. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc






38. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode






39. Have odd numbered harmonics






40. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places






41. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics






42. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation






43. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process






44. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path






45. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






46. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby






47. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






48. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track






49. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






50. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion







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