SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Lossy
Amplitude Accuracy
Buffering Locations
Pulse Width Modulation
2. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Playback Buffering
Recording Levels
Footroom
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
3. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Equal Loudness Contour
Pulse Density Modulation
Dynamic Range
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
4. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Photoreceptor
DVD-5
Successive Approximation
Buffering Locations
5. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
European Broadcasting Union
RMS
Subbands
Average Bit Rate
6. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Oversampling
Effective Bit Depth
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Anti-Aliasing Filter
7. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Impulse Response
Compression
Cutoff Frequency
Square Wave
8. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Joseph Fourier
Claude Shannon
Subbands
9. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Average Bit Rate
Entropy Coding
Sonogram
Sine Wave
10. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Oscillation
Subbands
Dithering
Motion Pictures Experts Group
11. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
DVD-9
Fourier Series
Variable Bit Rate
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
12. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Sampling Rule
Interpolation Filter
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
DVD-5
13. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Sample- and-Hold
Spectrum Multiplication
Oversampling
Ethernet
14. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Index of Reflectivity
Sample Rate
Constant Bit Rate
Masking Analysis...
15. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
Resolution
Threshold of Pain
Analog
Claude Shannon
16. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Sample- and-Hold
Oversampling
Footroom
17. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Dolby 7.1
Spectrum Multiplication
Harry Nyquist
Aliasing
18. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Direct Stream Digital
Blu-Ray
Buffer Size
Motion Pictures Experts Group
19. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Quantizer
Class - D Amplifier
Acoustics
Threshold of Pain
20. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Pulse Density Modulation
Sampling Theorem
Pulse Width Modulation
Anti-Aliasing Filter
21. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Harry Nyquist
Sine Wave
Noise Shaping
Jitter
22. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Resolution
Pulse Width Modulation
DVD-14
Joseph Fourier
23. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Compression
Masking Analysis...
Aliasing
Harmonic Content
24. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
2 Dimensions of Sound
Nyquist Frequency
Dithering
Anti-Aliasing Filter
25. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Convolution
Quantization
Pass Band
DVD-10
26. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Footroom
DVD-10
Conversion Buffering
27. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Recording Levels
DVD-18
Convolution
28. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
AoE Formats
Fidelity
Psychoacoustics
Micron
29. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Gain Staging
Lossless
Overflow
6 dB
30. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Low-Latency Monitoring
Footroom
CPU Buffering
Threshold of Pain
31. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Fidelity
Claude Shannon
Buffering
Micron
32. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Transfer Protocol
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Low-Latency Monitoring
33. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Claude Shannon
Cutoff Frequency
DVD-14
34. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
AoE Formats
Requirements for CD Audio
Class - D Amplifier
Interpolation Filter
35. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Impulse Response
Sinusoidal
Buffering Locations
Dolby 5.1
36. EBU
European Broadcasting Union
Quantization Intervals
Perceptual Coding
Class - D Amplifier
37. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Variable Bit Rate
Frames
EtherSound
Aliasing
38. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
MONO
Nyquist Frequency
TOSLINK
Lossless Formats
39. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Buffering
2 Dimensions of Sound
Decimation Filter
Pass Band
40. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Lossless Formats
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
TOSLINK
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
41. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Pulse Width Modulation
Decoder
dB/FS
Playback Buffering
42. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Joint Stereo
Codec
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Lightpipe
43. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Joseph Fourier
Interleaved
Logical Format
SCMS
44. AES
Headroom Bits
Additive Synthesis...
Audio Engineering Society
Rarefaction
45. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
DVD-9
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Quantization Error
46. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Sawtooth Wave
Spectra
Speed of Sound
EtherSound
47. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Perceptual Coding
Fourier Series
Word Clock
Cutoff Frequency
48. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Gain Staging
Effective Bit Depth
Nanometer
Cutoff Frequency
49. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Anti-Imaging Filter
Y-Axis Terminology
Sample Rate
Constant Bit Rate
50. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Harmonic Content
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Bit Depth
Pulse Density Modulation