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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Voltage
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Word Clock
Logical Format
2. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Optical Cable
Effective Bit Depth
3. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Psychoacoustics
Sine Wave
Aliasing
4. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Latency
Overflow
CPU Buffering
Glass Master
5. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Transfer Protocol
Analog
Aliasing
EtherSound
6. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Sampling Rule
Blu-Ray
MONO
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
7. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Harry Nyquist
Sample- and-Hold
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Sampling Rule
8. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
PCM
AoE Formats
Conversion Buffering
Data Packing
9. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Buffer Size
RMS
Harry Nyquist
Fletcher- Munson Curve
10. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
DVD-14
Spectra
Interpolation Filter
PCM
11. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
AES3
Audio Engineering Society
Photoreceptor
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
12. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Sawtooth Wave
Sonogram
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Oversampling
13. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Quantization
Physical Disc Format
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Dolby 5.1
14. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Additive Synthesis...
Jitter
Speed of Sound
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
15. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Entropy Coding
Bit Rate
D/A Conversion
AES3
16. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Exponent
Redither
Interleaved
Direct Stream Digital
17. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Sample- and-Hold
Harmonic Content
EtherSound
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
18. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Rarefaction
Quantizer
Playback Buffering
Compression
19. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
TOSLINK
Ethernet
RMS Meter
CPU Buffering
20. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Threshold of Hearing
I/O Connection Buffering
Claude Shannon
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
21. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Digital
Direct Monitoring
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Requirements for A/D Conversion
22. Decibels Full Scale
Physical Disc Format
Storage Conversion Steps
dBFS
CPU Buffering
23. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
DVD-5
Average Bit Rate
Playback Buffering
DVD-10
24. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
6 dB
Peak Level
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Compression
25. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Sample Rate
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Red Book
26. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Oscillation
Dithering
Entropy Coding
Attenuation
27. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Buffering
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Threshold of Pain
CobraNet
28. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Quantization Error
Exponent
Peak Level
Blu-Ray
29. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Intensity
Fidelity
DVD-9
Quantization Intervals
30. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
2 Dimensions of Sound
Amplitude Accuracy
Effective Bit Depth
Quantization Intervals
31. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Noise Shaping
Oversampling
Claude Shannon
Lossy Formats
32. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
DVD-14
Recording Levels
Attenuation
33. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Anti-Imaging Filter
Exponent
MONO
Buffer Size
34. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
DVD-10
Entropy Coding
Playback Buffering
Interpolation Filter
35. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Spectrum Multiplication
Frequency
DVD-10
Requirements for A/D Conversion
36. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Acoustics
Noise Shaping
Oscillation
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
37. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Successive Approximation
EtherSound
Algorithm
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
38. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Frames
Impulse Response
Word Clock
Jitter
39. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Sinusoidal
Acoustics
Low-Latency Monitoring
40. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Constant Bit Rate
Red Book
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
41. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Buffering Locations
Variable Bit Rate
D/A Conversion
dB/FS
42. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Oscillation
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Gain Staging
dB/FS
43. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Frames
RMS
Data Packing
44. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
RMS
Spectra
Dolby 7.1
Floating Point
45. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
dB/FS
Photoreceptor
Quantization Error
46. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Y-Axis Terminology
Logical Format
Masking Analysis...
Threshold of Hearing
47. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Photoreceptor
Lossy
DVD-14
I/O Connection Buffering
48. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Direct Monitoring
Joseph Fourier
Joint Stereo
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
49. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
X-Axis Terminology
Blu-Ray
Sine Wave
50. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Photoreceptor
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Psychoacoustics