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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
CPU Buffering
Quantizer
Coaxial
2. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Bit Depth
Dolby 7.1
Bit Rate
Sinusoidal
3. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
Data Packing
DVD-Audio
Peak Level
Normalizing
4. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Claude Shannon
Ethernet
Average Bit Rate
5. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Sampling Rule
Spectrum Multiplication
Oscillation
Class - D Amplifier
6. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Dynamic Range
Oversampling
Sine Wave
Fourier Series
7. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Nanometer
Photoreceptor
Quantization Error
Effective Bit Depth
8. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Overflow
Direct Stream Digital
Frequency
RMS
9. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Headroom Bits
Y-Axis Terminology
Compression
Inter-Channel Redundancy
10. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Red Book
Intensity
Normalizing
Dynamic Range
11. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
DVD-14
Intensity
Nyquist Frequency
Inter-Channel Redundancy
12. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Edit Decision List
Psychoacoustics
Spectrum Multiplication
I/O Connection Buffering
13. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Anti-Imaging Filter
Intensity Stereo
Spectrum Multiplication
Intensity
14. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Subbands
Additive Synthesis...
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Motion Pictures Experts Group
15. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
Cutoff Frequency
Index of Reflectivity
DVD-Audio
0 dB FS
16. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
RMS Meter
Perceptual Coding
Joint Stereo
Nanometer
17. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Morse Code
Ethernet
dB/FS
Harry Nyquist
18. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Significand
Index of Reflectivity
Threshold of Pain
Bit Depth
19. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Dithering
Normalizing
Rarefaction
Threshold of Hearing
20. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Spectrum Multiplication
Frames
Frequency
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
21. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Photoreceptor
Threshold of Pain
Index of Reflectivity
Pulse Width Modulation
22. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Stapedes Reflex
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Decimation Filter
DVD-18
23. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.
Cutoff Frequency
Pulse Code Modulation
Compression
Quantization Intervals
24. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Successive Approximation
SACD
Quantization
Logical Format
25. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Oscillation
PCM
Successive Approximation
Average Bit Rate
26. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Compression
DVD-10
Harry Nyquist
Morse Code
27. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Sampling Theorem
Normalizing
SACD
dBFS
28. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Jitter
Dolby 5.1
Foldover
Additive Synthesis...
29. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
AoE Formats
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Acoustics
Storage Conversion Steps
30. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Attenuation
Fourier Series
Storage Conversion Steps
Compression
31. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Frequency
0 dB FS
dB/FS
Fletcher- Munson Curve
32. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Optical Cable
Fourier Series
Cutoff Frequency
Zero-Latency Monitoring
33. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
X-Axis Terminology
Requirements for CD Audio
Exponent
Noise Shaping
34. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Overflow
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
D/A Conversion
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
35. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Average Bit Rate
Glass Master
Fourier Series
Interpolation Filter
36. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Fourier Series
Sawtooth Wave
Sample- and-Hold
Motion Pictures Experts Group
37. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
A/D Conversion
Direct Monitoring
Decoder
Significand
38. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Bit Rate
Glass Master
Perceptual Coding
Speed of Sound
39. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Delta-Sigma Modulation
DVD-9
Oversampling
Inter-Channel Redundancy
40. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Aliasing
DVD-5
Additive Synthesis...
AoE Formats
41. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Footroom
European Broadcasting Union
DVD-5
CobraNet
42. EBU
Base 2 System
Codec
Dolby 7.1
European Broadcasting Union
43. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Headroom Bits
Sampling (Samples)
Threshold of Pain
44. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Bit Rate
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Audio Engineering Society
Voltage
45. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Acoustics
Pulse Density Modulation
Base 2 System
Attenuation
46. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Lossless Formats
DVD-Audio
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Index of Reflectivity
47. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Lossless Formats
Dithering
Square Wave
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
48. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Dynamic Range
Index of Reflectivity
Sine Wave
Speed of Sound
49. Decibels Full Scale
Pad Head & Tail
RMS
CobraNet
dBFS
50. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Storage Conversion Steps
I/O Connection Buffering
dBFS
Attenuation