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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
DVD-14
Latency
Pad Head & Tail
Floating Point
2. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Physical Disc Format
Peak Level
AoE Formats
Foldover
3. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Codec
CobraNet
Requirements for CD Audio
Recording Levels
4. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Internal Resolution
Storage Conversion Steps
Pulse Width Modulation
Glass Master
5. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Aliasing
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Spectra
Audio Engineering Society
6. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
I/O Connection Buffering
Bit Depth
AES3
Transfer Protocol
7. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Bit Depth
Internal Resolution
Normalizing
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
8. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Oscillation
2 Dimensions of Sound
Sine Wave
9. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Gain Staging
Digital
Exponent
Buffer Size
10. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Quantization Error
Quantization Intervals
Sampling (Samples)
Buffering
11. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Data Packing
CPU Buffering
Low-Latency Monitoring
Aliasing
12. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
DVD-10
Compression
Transfer Protocol
TOSLINK
13. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Index of Reflectivity
Edit Decision List
Pulse Code Modulation
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
14. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Noise Shaping
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Fletcher- Munson Curve
A/D Conversion
15. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Sampling (Samples)
TOSLINK
Direct Monitoring
Conversion Buffering
16. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Redither
Recording Levels
Latency
Headroom Bits
17. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
TOSLINK
Micron
Decimation Filter
Physical Disc Format
18. Have odd numbered harmonics
Threshold of Pain
Square Wave
SCMS
Footroom
19. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Photoreceptor
Algorithm
EtherSound
20. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Edit Decision List
Decoder
Cutoff Frequency
DVD-10
21. Same as 'aliasing'
Intensity
Foldover
Stapedes Reflex
Floating Point
22. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Buffering Locations
Exponent
Data Packing
Spectrum Multiplication
23. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Class - D Amplifier
Requirements for CD Audio
Quantization Error
24. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Frequency
Joseph Fourier
EtherSound
Inter-Channel Redundancy
25. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
EtherSound
Headroom Bits
Foldover
Fourier Series
26. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
RMS Meter
Normalizing
Frames
Oversampling
27. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Dithering
Amplitude Accuracy
Stapedes Reflex
Logical Format
28. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Entropy Coding
I/O Connection Buffering
Equal Loudness Contour
Harry Nyquist
29. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Successive Approximation
Average Bit Rate
Compression
D/A Conversion
30. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Intensity Stereo
Speed of Sound
Acoustics
Internal Resolution
31. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Psychoacoustics
Optical Cable
Intensity
Sampling Rule
32. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
RMS Meter
M-S Stereo
Pulse Density Modulation
33. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Harmonic Content
Morse Code
Blu-Ray
Buffering
34. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Spectra
Bit Depth
Nanometer
Latency
35. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Rarefaction
Algorithm
Red Book
Amplitude Accuracy
36. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
EtherSound
Jitter
Joseph Fourier
37. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Delta-Sigma Modulation
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Latency
Oversampling
38. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Jitter
Physical Disc Format
X-Axis Terminology
Storage Conversion Steps
39. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Buffering Locations
Noise Shaping
Dolby 5.1
40. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Coaxial
Logical Format
Transfer Protocol
SCMS
41. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Fourier Series
dB/SPL
Algorithm
Amplitude Accuracy
42. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Threshold of Hearing
Inter-Channel Redundancy
dB/FS
Floating Point
43. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Subbands
Intensity Stereo
44. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Codec
Interpolation Filter
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Recording Levels
45. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Edit Decision List
Variable Bit Rate
Compression
Physical Disc Format
46. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Direct Stream Digital
Cutoff Frequency
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Jitter
47. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Aliasing
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Spectrum Multiplication
48. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Glass Master
Sampling Rule
Sine Wave
49. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Morse Code
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Threshold of Pain
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
50. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
DVD-14
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Subbands
Spectrum Multiplication