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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






2. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM






3. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored






4. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby






5. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






6. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






7. The amount of energy at each wavelength






8. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding






9. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono






10. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






11. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo






12. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating






13. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






14. EBU






15. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience






16. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






17. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






18. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






19. 4.38 GB; SS/SL






20. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source






21. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






22. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






23. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals






24. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






25. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent






26. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






27. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






28. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






29. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






30. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path






31. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio






32. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






33. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






34. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






35. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them






36. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






37. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






38. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.






39. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits






40. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!






41. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm






42. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






43. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






44. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






45. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal






46. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






47. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio






48. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






49. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






50. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive







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