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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






2. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media






3. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






4. 4.38 GB; SS/SL






5. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






6. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






7. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






8. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






9. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound






10. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






11. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






12. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering






13. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






14. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






15. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






16. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively






17. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






18. EBU






19. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






20. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






21. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






22. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






23. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






24. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)






25. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






26. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






27. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






28. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio






29. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






30. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






31. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






32. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






33. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






34. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






35. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






36. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






37. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal






38. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






39. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






40. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






41. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






42. Have odd numbered harmonics






43. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.






44. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby






45. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






46. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available






47. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission






48. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)






49. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






50. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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