Test your basic knowledge |

Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






2. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec






3. EBU






4. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






5. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






6. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal






7. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc






8. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency






9. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






10. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent






11. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio






12. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






13. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)






14. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






15. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






16. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB






17. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






18. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






19. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet






20. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






21. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format






22. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






23. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






24. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response






25. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1






26. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






27. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






28. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)






29. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental






30. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector






31. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.






32. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






33. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






34. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono






35. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






36. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage






37. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience






38. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly






39. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






40. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






41. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect






42. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






43. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






44. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






45. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process






46. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively






47. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision






48. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






49. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






50. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground