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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






2. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter






3. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s






4. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track






5. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal






6. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






7. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process






8. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






9. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






10. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






11. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing






12. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation






13. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






14. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)






15. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ






16. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






17. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






18. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






19. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)






20. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts






21. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones






22. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content






23. 12.33 GB; DS/ML






24. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






25. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file






26. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format






27. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






28. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






29. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






30. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction






31. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data






32. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






33. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






34. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






35. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






36. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.






37. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






38. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






39. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






40. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






41. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






42. Have odd numbered harmonics






43. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






44. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light






45. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.






46. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'






47. Same as 'aliasing'






48. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel






49. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






50. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet







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