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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Rarefaction
Overflow
Speed of Sound
Optical Cable
2. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Oscillation
Interpolation Filter
Peak Level
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
3. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Bit Rate
Latency
I/O Connection Buffering
Bit Depth
4. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Joint Stereo
Lightpipe
DVD-Audio
SACD
5. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Digital Signal Processing
Footroom
EtherSound
Oscillation
6. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Peak Level
Logical Format
Compression
0 dB FS
7. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.
Compression
Subbands
Nyquist Frequency
Bit Rate
8. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Low-Latency Monitoring
PCM
Redither
Lossless
9. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Nyquist Frequency
Fourier Series
Lightpipe
DVD-18
10. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Quantizer
MONO
Dolby 5.1
Perceptual Coding
11. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Average Bit Rate
Spectra
Oversampling
Additive Synthesis...
12. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Buffer Size
Average Bit Rate
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Decimation Filter
13. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
TOSLINK
DVD-10
Claude Shannon
Internal Resolution
14. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Masking Analysis...
Compression
Intensity
Resolution
15. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Spectrum Multiplication
Attenuation
Index of Reflectivity
Zero-Latency Monitoring
16. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
EtherSound
D/A Conversion
Anti-Imaging Filter
DVD-Audio
17. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Pulse Code Modulation
Masking Analysis...
Dynamic Range
Successive Approximation
18. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Direct Monitoring
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Sampling Theorem
dB/SPL
19. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Psychoacoustics
A/D Conversion
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Digital Signal Processing
20. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Spectra
Transfer Protocol
Internal Resolution
Entropy Coding
21. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
AES3
Oscillation
Word Clock
Headroom Bits
22. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Requirements for CD Audio
DVD-9
Stapedes Reflex
Average Bit Rate
23. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Word Clock
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Y-Axis Terminology
A/D Conversion
24. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Spectrum Multiplication
Lossy Formats
Rarefaction
Class - D Amplifier
25. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Rarefaction
X-Axis Terminology
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Nyquist Frequency
26. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Pulse Code Modulation
Square Wave
Audio Engineering Society
Morse Code
27. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Quantizer
Dolby 5.1
Compression
Delta-Sigma Modulation
28. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Quantization Error
Sampling (Samples)
M-S Stereo
Sonogram
29. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Decimation Filter
Normalizing
Overflow
Quantizer
30. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Impulse Response
DVD-14
Audio Engineering Society
Fourier Series
31. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
SCMS
Lossless
SACD
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
32. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Cutoff Frequency
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Threshold of Pain
Buffering
33. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
dBFS
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Subbands
Spectra
34. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Storage Conversion Steps
DVD-10
Speed of Sound
Codec
35. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Latency
Dolby 7.1
Successive Approximation
Attenuation
36. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Impulse Response
Intensity Stereo
37. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Voltage
Threshold of Hearing
Sine Wave
Audio Engineering Society
38. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
M-S Stereo
Word Clock
Frames
Successive Approximation
39. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Class - D Amplifier
DVD-10
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
40. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
0 dB FS
Transfer Protocol
Headroom Bits
41. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
DVD-5
Recording Levels
Fourier Series
Direct Stream Digital
42. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Joseph Fourier
Entropy Coding
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
43. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Physical Disc Format
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Internal Resolution
Foldover
44. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
6 dB
EtherSound
Decimation Filter
Storage Conversion Steps
45. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Direct Stream Digital
DVD-14
Micron
Zero-Latency Monitoring
46. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Transfer Protocol
Headroom Bits
dB/FS
X-Axis Terminology
47. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Fidelity
SACD
Buffering
Sawtooth Wave
48. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Spectrum Multiplication
Threshold of Pain
Morse Code
Cutoff Frequency
49. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Harry Nyquist
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Blu-Ray
Storage Conversion Steps
50. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Sample- and-Hold
Cutoff Frequency
Threshold of Hearing
dB/FS