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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






2. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






3. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






4. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






5. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






6. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






7. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






8. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






9. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






10. EBU






11. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format






12. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






13. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude






14. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)






15. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.






16. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly






17. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






18. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






19. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones






20. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






21. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






22. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






23. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






24. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






25. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector






26. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts






27. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






28. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






29. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3






30. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion






31. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF






32. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






33. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






34. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






35. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience






36. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio






37. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






38. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal






39. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies






40. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






41. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






42. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






43. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






44. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






45. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound






46. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






47. Have odd numbered harmonics






48. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






49. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






50. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input







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