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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Cutoff Frequency
DVD-9
Sampling Rule
RMS
2. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
Successive Approximation
M-S Stereo
Physical Disc Format
Sonogram
3. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Sample- and-Hold
Threshold of Pain
Internal Resolution
Codec
4. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Decimation Filter
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Constant Bit Rate
Buffering
5. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Amplitude Accuracy
Pad Head & Tail
DVD-18
Peak Level
6. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
SACD
Nanometer
Claude Shannon
Redither
7. AES
DVD-10
Audio Engineering Society
Voltage
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
8. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Lightpipe
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Pad Head & Tail
Interpolation Filter
9. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Photoreceptor
Joseph Fourier
Blu-Ray
Word Clock
10. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Direct Monitoring
Quantization Intervals
I/O Connection Buffering
Bit Rate
11. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Nanometer
Sawtooth Wave
Threshold of Hearing
Average Bit Rate
12. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Variable Bit Rate
RMS
MONO
Pulse Code Modulation
13. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Exponent
Low-Latency Monitoring
Floating Point
14. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Interpolation Filter
Voltage
dB/SPL
Intensity
15. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
I/O Connection Buffering
Dolby 5.1
Quantizer
Logical Format
16. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Logical Format
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
6 dB
Lossy
17. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Nanometer
DVD-10
Index of Reflectivity
Threshold of Hearing
18. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Attenuation
Interleaved
Convolution
X-Axis Terminology
19. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Anti-Imaging Filter
Psychoacoustics
Latency
20. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Entropy Coding
Oversampling
EtherSound
dBFS
21. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Overflow
Additive Synthesis...
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Sinusoidal
22. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
CobraNet
PCM
Resolution
Frequency
23. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
Speed of Sound
DVD-10
2 Dimensions of Sound
24. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
DVD-5
Additive Synthesis...
Noise Shaping
Zero-Latency Monitoring
25. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Cutoff Frequency
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Oscillation
Blu-Ray
26. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Joint Stereo
Base 2 System
Zero-Latency Monitoring
27. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Oversampling
Anti-Imaging Filter
Lossless Formats
Compression
28. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Compression
TOSLINK
AES3
Decimation Filter
29. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Buffering
Zero-Latency Monitoring
0 dB FS
Oversampling
30. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Data Packing
Lightpipe
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Internal Resolution
31. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Joint Stereo
Normalizing
Fidelity
Logical Format
32. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Sampling Rule
Analog
Morse Code
Speed of Sound
33. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
I/O Connection Buffering
Codec
Speed of Sound
Amplitude Accuracy
34. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Anti-Imaging Filter
Peak Level
Direct Stream Digital
Fletcher- Munson Curve
35. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
RMS
Data Packing
CobraNet
Fidelity
36. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Morse Code
Fidelity
SCMS
Buffering Locations
37. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Physical Disc Format
Quantization Error
Headroom Bits
Lossless Formats
38. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Red Book
Lossless Formats
DVD-14
Rarefaction
39. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Decimation Filter
Dynamic Range
Lightpipe
Threshold of Hearing
40. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Optical Cable
Acoustics
Dynamic Range
CPU Buffering
41. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
dB/FS
Compression
Resolution
Morse Code
42. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
CobraNet
Logical Format
Micron
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
43. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
AES3
Floating Point
Aliasing
Pulse Density Modulation
44. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Impulse Response
Lightpipe
D/A Conversion
45. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Blu-Ray
Threshold of Hearing
DVD-10
Foldover
46. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Cutoff Frequency
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Frames
Lossy Formats
47. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Subbands
Word Clock
Recording Levels
Delta-Sigma Modulation
48. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Exponent
Direct Monitoring
Sampling Theorem
Micron
49. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
PCM
Aliasing
Nyquist Frequency
Playback Buffering
50. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Blu-Ray
A/D Conversion
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Joseph Fourier