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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Headroom Bits
Low-Latency Monitoring
Claude Shannon
Pulse Density Modulation
2. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Pulse Width Modulation
Frames
MONO
Ethernet
3. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
European Broadcasting Union
Aliasing
Lossy Formats
4. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Speed of Sound
Class - D Amplifier
I/O Connection Buffering
Fletcher- Munson Curve
5. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
MONO
Interleaved
Fourier Series
Requirements for CD Audio
6. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Variable Bit Rate
EtherSound
Perceptual Coding
7. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Bit Depth
Class - D Amplifier
Sampling Theorem
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
8. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
AES3
dB/FS
Oversampling
PCM
9. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
Oscillation
Successive Approximation
Logical Format
10. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Playback Buffering
Resolution
Micron
Lossless
11. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Oscillation
Buffering Locations
Speed of Sound
Quantizer
12. Decibels Full Scale
Joint Stereo
Blu-Ray
PCM
dBFS
13. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Quantizer
Acoustics
Analog
Footroom
14. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Claude Shannon
DVD-10
Voltage
Index of Reflectivity
15. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Nyquist Frequency
Entropy Coding
0 dB FS
Subbands
16. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Foldover
Recording Levels
Oscillation
17. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
D/A Conversion
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Floating Point
Threshold of Hearing
18. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
dB/FS
Red Book
Oscillation
Micron
19. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Foldover
Stapedes Reflex
Frequency
DVD-18
20. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Digital Signal Processing
Decoder
Sawtooth Wave
21. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Red Book
X-Axis Terminology
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Internal Resolution
22. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Y-Axis Terminology
D/A Conversion
Stapedes Reflex
RMS Meter
23. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
D/A Conversion
Fourier Series
X-Axis Terminology
DVD-10
24. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Entropy Coding
Average Bit Rate
Playback Buffering
Cutoff Frequency
25. AES
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Audio Engineering Society
Overflow
26. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Lossless
Micron
27. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Frequency
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Intensity Stereo
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
28. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Latency
Perceptual Coding
Codec
Entropy Coding
29. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Threshold of Hearing
Dynamic Range
Physical Disc Format
Dolby 7.1
30. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
PCM
Harry Nyquist
DVD-14
Sampling (Samples)
31. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Micron
Joseph Fourier
Algorithm
Sampling (Samples)
32. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Decimation Filter
Lossy
Joint Stereo
Resolution
33. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Threshold of Pain
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Sonogram
Sample- and-Hold
34. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
Masking Analysis...
Joseph Fourier
Anti-Aliasing Filter
35. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
TOSLINK
X-Axis Terminology
Redither
Logical Format
36. EBU
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Quantization Intervals
European Broadcasting Union
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
37. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Spectra
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Sonogram
Direct Stream Digital
38. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Pulse Density Modulation
0 dB FS
Joint Stereo
Sample- and-Hold
39. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Cutoff Frequency
2 Dimensions of Sound
EtherSound
Buffering Locations
40. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Equal Loudness Contour
Fourier Series
AoE Formats
Zero-Latency Monitoring
41. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Latency
Sawtooth Wave
Spectrum Multiplication
RMS Meter
42. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
DVD-18
M-S Stereo
dB/FS
Requirements for A/D Conversion
43. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Analog
DVD-10
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
44. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
MONO
Entropy Coding
Exponent
Harmonic Content
45. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Index of Reflectivity
Buffering Locations
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Sampling Theorem
46. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Oversampling
Attenuation
EtherSound
Intensity
47. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Lightpipe
Anti-Imaging Filter
AES3
Sinusoidal
48. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Bit Rate
Dolby 7.1
Spectra
Spectrum Multiplication
49. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Bit Depth
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Ethernet
dB/FS
50. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Oscillation
Variable Bit Rate
Intensity
D/A Conversion