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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Dolby 7.1
Index of Reflectivity
dB/SPL
Convolution
2. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
TOSLINK
Overflow
Blu-Ray
PCM
3. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Oversampling
Spectra
4. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Square Wave
Sample- and-Hold
Logical Format
European Broadcasting Union
5. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Base 2 System
Square Wave
Lossless Formats
Sonogram
6. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Amplitude Accuracy
PCM
Sampling Theorem
Requirements for A/D Conversion
7. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Sample Rate
Quantization Intervals
Exponent
Sampling Theorem
8. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Blu-Ray
Pulse Width Modulation
AoE Formats
Sine Wave
9. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Noise Shaping
Ethernet
Sampling Rule
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
10. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Buffer Size
Threshold of Hearing
Y-Axis Terminology
Sine Wave
11. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Blu-Ray
AES3
Sine Wave
DVD-5
12. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Intensity
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Direct Monitoring
Square Wave
13. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Sinusoidal
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
AoE Formats
14. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Frames
Oscillation
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Logical Format
15. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Intensity Stereo
Blu-Ray
dB/FS
Equal Loudness Contour
16. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Fidelity
Sampling Theorem
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
M-S Stereo
17. The amount of energy at each wavelength
SCMS
Spectra
Fletcher- Munson Curve
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
18. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
European Broadcasting Union
Frames
Floating Point
19. AES
Pass Band
Oversampling
Impulse Response
Audio Engineering Society
20. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
CPU Buffering
Micron
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Sampling Rule
21. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
SACD
Lossy Formats
Low-Latency Monitoring
Photoreceptor
22. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Internal Resolution
Optical Cable
Threshold of Hearing
Logical Format
23. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Attenuation
Lossy
Bit Rate
Direct Stream Digital
24. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Latency
Oversampling
Normalizing
Coaxial
25. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Sonogram
X-Axis Terminology
Latency
2 Dimensions of Sound
26. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Algorithm
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Class - D Amplifier
27. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
CPU Buffering
Significand
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Exponent
28. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Average Bit Rate
Nyquist Frequency
Spectrum Multiplication
Dynamic Range
29. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
DVD-18
Ethernet
Lossless
Coaxial
30. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Effective Bit Depth
dB/FS
Frequency
Lossy
31. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Amplitude Accuracy
European Broadcasting Union
Sampling Rule
Acoustics
32. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Edit Decision List
Pass Band
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
33. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Sawtooth Wave
Oscillation
Index of Reflectivity
MONO
34. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
CobraNet
Sine Wave
Physical Disc Format
35. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Direct Stream Digital
Harry Nyquist
Physical Disc Format
Sampling (Samples)
36. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Subbands
Index of Reflectivity
Intensity Stereo
Class - D Amplifier
37. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Physical Disc Format
Bit Depth
DVD-18
Claude Shannon
38. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Sawtooth Wave
Threshold of Pain
Red Book
39. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Nyquist Frequency
DVD-Audio
Blu-Ray
DVD-14
40. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Impulse Response
Threshold of Hearing
MONO
European Broadcasting Union
41. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Frequency
Decimation Filter
Recording Levels
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
42. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Quantization
Anti-Imaging Filter
Sampling (Samples)
Base 2 System
43. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Compression
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Conversion Buffering
Claude Shannon
44. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Recording Levels
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Sinusoidal
Decoder
45. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Analog
Direct Monitoring
46. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Nanometer
SACD
Requirements for CD Audio
CobraNet
47. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Index of Reflectivity
Foldover
Optical Cable
Anti-Aliasing Filter
48. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
Algorithm
PCM
Joseph Fourier
Micron
49. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
DVD-14
MONO
Lossless
Coaxial
50. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
PCM
Jitter
Cutoff Frequency
Index of Reflectivity