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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Square Wave
Foldover
Codec
Sample Rate
2. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Pulse Width Modulation
dB/SPL
Peak Level
Storage Conversion Steps
3. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Internal Resolution
Pulse Code Modulation
Blu-Ray
AoE Formats
4. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Foldover
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Blu-Ray
RMS
5. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Buffering Locations
Joseph Fourier
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Analog
6. AES
Data Packing
Audio Engineering Society
Pad Head & Tail
Exponent
7. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Compression
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Subbands
8. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Dolby 7.1
Data Packing
Interleaved
DVD-10
9. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Amplitude Accuracy
DVD-9
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Harry Nyquist
10. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Rarefaction
Physical Disc Format
Aliasing
11. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Harmonic Content
Equal Loudness Contour
Oscillation
Requirements for A/D Conversion
12. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Psychoacoustics
DVD-10
Threshold of Hearing
Dolby 5.1
13. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Foldover
Nyquist Frequency
Lossy Formats
PCM
14. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Codec
Data Packing
Sawtooth Wave
0 dB FS
15. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Decoder
Aliasing
Exponent
Spectra
16. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
PCM
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Oversampling
Variable Bit Rate
17. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
6 dB
Physical Disc Format
Pulse Density Modulation
Photoreceptor
18. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Perceptual Coding
RMS
Bit Rate
19. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
I/O Connection Buffering
Requirements for CD Audio
Harmonic Content
Class - D Amplifier
20. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Nyquist Frequency
Amplitude Accuracy
Morse Code
Blu-Ray
21. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Peak Level
Decoder
Analog
22. Decibels Full Scale
I/O Connection Buffering
CPU Buffering
Aliasing
dBFS
23. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Exponent
6 dB
Glass Master
Blu-Ray
24. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Bit Depth
dBFS
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Y-Axis Terminology
25. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Oversampling
dB/FS
Lossy
Claude Shannon
26. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Direct Stream Digital
Foldover
DVD-14
Cutoff Frequency
27. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Blu-Ray
Effective Bit Depth
Frequency
Frames
28. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Direct Monitoring
Perceptual Coding
Algorithm
Normalizing
29. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Buffering
Buffer Size
Voltage
Lossy
30. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Pulse Width Modulation
Threshold of Pain
Dithering
DVD-9
31. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Intensity
M-S Stereo
Significand
Buffer Size
32. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Requirements for CD Audio
Oversampling
Base 2 System
Headroom Bits
33. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Oscillation
Oversampling
Cutoff Frequency
Additive Synthesis...
34. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Oversampling
Intensity
Blu-Ray
Exponent
35. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Footroom
Micron
Sonogram
MONO
36. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Floating Point
M-S Stereo
Dolby 5.1
Spectra
37. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Direct Stream Digital
Logical Format
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Average Bit Rate
38. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Anti-Imaging Filter
dB/FS
Dolby 5.1
DVD-9
39. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
Transfer Protocol
Sampling (Samples)
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
40. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
DVD-18
Ethernet
Compression
Fourier Series
41. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
CobraNet
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Interpolation Filter
Voltage
42. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Entropy Coding
0 dB FS
Footroom
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
43. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Sawtooth Wave
Quantizer
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Oversampling
44. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Psychoacoustics
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Index of Reflectivity
45. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Lossy
Intensity Stereo
Direct Monitoring
Stapedes Reflex
46. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Intensity
CPU Buffering
Bit Rate
Oversampling
47. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Normalizing
Jitter
Internal Resolution
Footroom
48. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Direct Stream Digital
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Oversampling
Gain Staging
49. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Sine Wave
Quantization Error
Class - D Amplifier
Harmonic Content
50. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Pad Head & Tail
dB/SPL
Attenuation
dB/FS