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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
RMS Meter
SACD
Class - D Amplifier
6 dB
2. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Amplitude Accuracy
Red Book
Pad Head & Tail
Variable Bit Rate
3. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Threshold of Pain
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
A/D Conversion
Intensity
4. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
dBFS
Storage Conversion Steps
Conversion Buffering
Codec
5. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Internal Resolution
Fourier Series
AoE Formats
Compression
6. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
DVD-Audio
Foldover
Pass Band
Spectrum Multiplication
7. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Direct Stream Digital
Ethernet
Buffering
Low-Latency Monitoring
8. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
AES3
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Buffering
Buffer Size
9. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
A/D Conversion
Interpolation Filter
Decoder
0 dB FS
10. Decibels Full Scale
dBFS
Square Wave
Spectra
Oversampling
11. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Threshold of Pain
Exponent
Coaxial
RMS Meter
12. EBU
Significand
European Broadcasting Union
Threshold of Hearing
Pulse Density Modulation
13. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Constant Bit Rate
Frequency
Headroom Bits
Y-Axis Terminology
14. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Joseph Fourier
Quantizer
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Equal Loudness Contour
15. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Average Bit Rate
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Base 2 System
Fourier Series
16. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
M-S Stereo
Bit Depth
EtherSound
Noise Shaping
17. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Quantizer
Spectrum Multiplication
Audio Engineering Society
Index of Reflectivity
18. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Sine Wave
CobraNet
Requirements for CD Audio
Oversampling
19. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Perceptual Coding
Threshold of Hearing
EtherSound
Micron
20. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
Lossless
AES3
Sample- and-Hold
Square Wave
21. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Data Packing
Pulse Density Modulation
Footroom
Oscillation
22. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Blu-Ray
Entropy Coding
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Algorithm
23. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Buffering Locations
Direct Stream Digital
DVD-10
24. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Compression
PCM
Normalizing
Cutoff Frequency
25. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
SCMS
Acoustics
Blu-Ray
26. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Harmonic Content
Sinusoidal
27. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Impulse Response
Effective Bit Depth
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Cutoff Frequency
28. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Peak Level
Analog
Optical Cable
Harmonic Content
29. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Headroom Bits
Lossy Formats
Aliasing
SCMS
30. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
X-Axis Terminology
DVD-9
Intensity Stereo
Direct Stream Digital
31. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Foldover
Nyquist Frequency
Headroom Bits
Sinusoidal
32. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Base 2 System
Buffer Size
Headroom Bits
Physical Disc Format
33. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Lossy
Buffer Size
Frames
Pulse Width Modulation
34. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Cutoff Frequency
Base 2 System
Direct Monitoring
35. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Overflow
dB/FS
M-S Stereo
36. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
D/A Conversion
Micron
Morse Code
Spectrum Multiplication
37. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Dynamic Range
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Fourier Series
TOSLINK
38. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Recording Levels
Resolution
X-Axis Terminology
Direct Monitoring
39. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Digital
Jitter
Equal Loudness Contour
Intensity
40. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Pulse Width Modulation
Lossless Formats
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Blu-Ray
41. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Glass Master
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Intensity
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
42. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Sample Rate
DVD-Audio
Acoustics
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
43. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
AoE Formats
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Morse Code
Psychoacoustics
44. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Compression
Buffering
Transfer Protocol
Digital
45. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Intensity
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Acoustics
Edit Decision List
46. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
DVD-Audio
Blu-Ray
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Optical Cable
47. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Recording Levels
Decimation Filter
Sampling Rule
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
48. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Variable Bit Rate
Gain Staging
Amplitude Accuracy
Delta-Sigma Modulation
49. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Noise Shaping
Perceptual Coding
Headroom Bits
Buffering
50. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Word Clock
Intensity
Low-Latency Monitoring