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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Spectrum Multiplication
dB/SPL
Harmonic Content
Lossy
2. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Spectra
Intensity Stereo
Joseph Fourier
Fidelity
3. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Resolution
Acoustics
Headroom Bits
Physical Disc Format
4. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Ethernet
Rarefaction
Requirements for CD Audio
5. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Harmonic Content
Algorithm
Successive Approximation
Index of Reflectivity
6. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Jitter
Requirements for CD Audio
Claude Shannon
Blu-Ray
7. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Square Wave
Jitter
Physical Disc Format
Psychoacoustics
8. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
RMS
Oversampling
Compression
Redither
9. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Cutoff Frequency
Physical Disc Format
I/O Connection Buffering
Pulse Code Modulation
10. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Edit Decision List
Impulse Response
Harmonic Content
Latency
11. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Buffer Size
Photoreceptor
Square Wave
DVD-10
12. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Morse Code
0 dB FS
Sample- and-Hold
13. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Audio Engineering Society
Storage Conversion Steps
Lossy
EtherSound
14. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
DVD-14
RMS Meter
Word Clock
Equal Loudness Contour
15. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Pulse Width Modulation
A/D Conversion
Direct Stream Digital
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
16. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Significand
Threshold of Hearing
CobraNet
X-Axis Terminology
17. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Successive Approximation
Blu-Ray
Sampling Rule
Decimation Filter
18. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Physical Disc Format
dB/SPL
Jitter
Optical Cable
19. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Normalizing
Lossless Formats
Threshold of Pain
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
20. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Sinusoidal
Exponent
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Headroom Bits
21. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Frames
DVD-10
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Buffer Size
22. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Frequency
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Base 2 System
Decimation Filter
23. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Base 2 System
Buffering Locations
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Micron
24. The amount of energy at each wavelength
MONO
Y-Axis Terminology
Spectra
Pulse Width Modulation
25. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Subbands
Codec
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
26. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
D/A Conversion
Quantization Intervals
Stapedes Reflex
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
27. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Base 2 System
Morse Code
Resolution
Pulse Code Modulation
28. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Headroom Bits
6 dB
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Variable Bit Rate
29. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Interpolation Filter
CobraNet
Analog
Bit Depth
30. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Sampling (Samples)
Intensity Stereo
Transfer Protocol
Voltage
31. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
DVD-14
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Word Clock
Coaxial
32. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Analog
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Lossless
Class - D Amplifier
33. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
D/A Conversion
Data Packing
Fidelity
CobraNet
34. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Bit Rate
Rarefaction
Pad Head & Tail
Recording Levels
35. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Quantization
Rarefaction
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Bit Depth
36. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Average Bit Rate
MONO
Perceptual Coding
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
37. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Glass Master
Acoustics
Dolby 5.1
6 dB
38. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Interpolation Filter
Successive Approximation
Overflow
Variable Bit Rate
39. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
DVD-9
D/A Conversion
Normalizing
dBFS
40. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Claude Shannon
Threshold of Pain
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
41. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Sampling Theorem
Quantizer
Bit Rate
CPU Buffering
42. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Photoreceptor
Fidelity
Dolby 7.1
Audio Engineering Society
43. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
Analog
DVD-Audio
Square Wave
Overflow
44. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Sampling Rule
Cutoff Frequency
Pulse Density Modulation
Lossless
45. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Bit Depth
Word Clock
AoE Formats
Joint Stereo
46. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Micron
Bit Depth
Intensity Stereo
Constant Bit Rate
47. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Compression
DVD-5
A/D Conversion
Entropy Coding
48. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Bit Rate
Logical Format
Storage Conversion Steps
2 Dimensions of Sound
49. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Decoder
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Frames
50. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Quantizer
Sawtooth Wave
Audio Engineering Society