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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Direct Monitoring
Quantizer
Photoreceptor
Threshold of Hearing
2. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Pulse Code Modulation
Average Bit Rate
DVD-Audio
Gain Staging
3. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Dolby 5.1
Amplitude Accuracy
Pulse Width Modulation
Threshold of Pain
4. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Algorithm
TOSLINK
Sampling Theorem
Direct Monitoring
5. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Sampling Rule
Claude Shannon
Subbands
6. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Oversampling
Jitter
Speed of Sound
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
7. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
European Broadcasting Union
Lossless Formats
Dithering
Lossy Formats
8. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Latency
Resolution
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Inter-Channel Redundancy
9. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Direct Monitoring
Square Wave
Variable Bit Rate
Digital
10. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Nyquist Frequency
Threshold of Hearing
Noise Shaping
Base 2 System
11. Have odd numbered harmonics
dB/SPL
Analog
Square Wave
Intensity
12. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
RMS
DVD-Audio
Micron
Cutoff Frequency
13. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Frequency
Digital Signal Processing
14. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Equal Loudness Contour
dBFS
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Claude Shannon
15. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
RMS
Index of Reflectivity
Overflow
Compression
16. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Spectra
Physical Disc Format
Dynamic Range
Overflow
17. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
RMS
SACD
Optical Cable
Convolution
18. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Quantization Error
Variable Bit Rate
Direct Monitoring
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
19. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Zero-Latency Monitoring
MONO
20. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Fidelity
Sinusoidal
Ethernet
0 dB FS
21. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Digital
A/D Conversion
Psychoacoustics
Footroom
22. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Requirements for CD Audio
Frames
dB/SPL
Interpolation Filter
23. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Digital
Edit Decision List
Nanometer
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
24. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Oscillation
Redither
Buffering Locations
Frequency
25. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Threshold of Pain
Edit Decision List
Successive Approximation
Internal Resolution
26. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
dB/SPL
Joseph Fourier
DVD-9
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
27. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
dBFS
CobraNet
Interleaved
Joint Stereo
28. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Base 2 System
Sampling Rule
RMS
Sample Rate
29. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Noise Shaping
AoE Formats
Dynamic Range
Requirements for A/D Conversion
30. Decibels Full Scale
Digital Signal Processing
dBFS
Sinusoidal
Cutoff Frequency
31. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
DVD-10
Perceptual Coding
Fidelity
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
32. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
Entropy Coding
AES3
European Broadcasting Union
Subbands
33. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Edit Decision List
PCM
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
34. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Data Packing
Sampling (Samples)
Fidelity
Quantizer
35. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
CobraNet
DVD-14
Sample Rate
Sampling Rule
36. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Acoustics
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Fidelity
Fourier Series
37. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Sampling (Samples)
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Acoustics
38. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Entropy Coding
Anti-Imaging Filter
Threshold of Hearing
Peak Level
39. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Footroom
Data Packing
DVD-10
Sonogram
40. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
AoE Formats
Masking Analysis...
2 Dimensions of Sound
Dynamic Range
41. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Anti-Imaging Filter
Coaxial
Y-Axis Terminology
Buffer Size
42. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Nyquist Frequency
D/A Conversion
Sine Wave
Harmonic Content
43. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Sampling Rule
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Lossless
Fourier Series
44. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Bit Depth
Sinusoidal
Conversion Buffering
Pass Band
45. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Low-Latency Monitoring
Perceptual Coding
Effective Bit Depth
Sample- and-Hold
46. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Micron
DVD-5
Morse Code
Threshold of Hearing
47. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Pass Band
Exponent
Sampling Rule
DVD-5
48. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
Exponent
Peak Level
Jitter
Bit Rate
49. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Overflow
Digital
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
50. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Constant Bit Rate
Logical Format
Spectrum Multiplication
Anti-Imaging Filter
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