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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






2. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






3. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound






4. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






5. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter






6. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby






7. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc






8. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues






9. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics






10. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






11. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector






12. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio






13. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






14. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them






15. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)






16. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding






17. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content






18. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






19. The amount of energy at each wavelength






20. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response






21. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






22. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission






23. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ






24. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






25. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






26. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.






27. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available






28. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter






29. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






30. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






31. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






32. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






33. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






34. 12.33 GB; DS/ML






35. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






36. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo






37. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






38. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF






39. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






40. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm






41. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec






42. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






43. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision






44. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places






45. Same as 'aliasing'






46. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits






47. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






48. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






49. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






50. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal







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