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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
RMS Meter
PCM
Recording Levels
Fourier Series
2. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
RMS Meter
Joint Stereo
Blu-Ray
Fidelity
3. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Sinusoidal
DVD-10
Quantizer
Y-Axis Terminology
4. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
CPU Buffering
Sampling Theorem
Quantization Intervals
Nyquist Frequency
5. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Data Packing
Sampling (Samples)
Ethernet
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
6. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Perceptual Coding
Logical Format
Spectra
Delta-Sigma Modulation
7. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
D/A Conversion
Average Bit Rate
Digital
Foldover
8. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Codec
Sampling Rule
Word Clock
Conversion Buffering
9. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Oscillation
Harmonic Content
dB/FS
10. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Joint Stereo
TOSLINK
Class - D Amplifier
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
11. Have odd numbered harmonics
Lossy Formats
Dynamic Range
Square Wave
Fletcher- Munson Curve
12. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
European Broadcasting Union
Threshold of Hearing
Physical Disc Format
13. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Base 2 System
Headroom Bits
Bit Depth
Dithering
14. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Decoder
Oversampling
Bit Depth
Buffering Locations
15. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Acoustics
Jitter
PCM
Entropy Coding
16. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
PCM
Nyquist Frequency
X-Axis Terminology
Morse Code
17. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Joint Stereo
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Sample- and-Hold
MONO
18. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Normalizing
Direct Stream Digital
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
19. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Recording Levels
Oversampling
Quantizer
Dolby 5.1
20. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Class - D Amplifier
Sample- and-Hold
Joseph Fourier
DVD-5
21. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Threshold of Hearing
Spectrum Multiplication
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Claude Shannon
22. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Photoreceptor
Requirements for CD Audio
Redither
Overflow
23. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Y-Axis Terminology
PCM
Equal Loudness Contour
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
24. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Conversion Buffering
Dithering
Sampling Rule
RMS Meter
25. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
AoE Formats
D/A Conversion
Pulse Width Modulation
DVD-14
26. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Buffering Locations
Frequency
Cutoff Frequency
Quantization Intervals
27. Decibels Full Scale
Constant Bit Rate
dBFS
Pulse Code Modulation
Latency
28. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Index of Reflectivity
Joint Stereo
Pulse Code Modulation
Data Packing
29. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Micron
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Anti-Imaging Filter
30. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Bit Rate
Internal Resolution
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Impulse Response
31. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Audio Engineering Society
Coaxial
Frames
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
32. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Sampling Theorem
Quantizer
Word Clock
Lossy
33. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Resolution
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Square Wave
Dolby 5.1
34. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Coaxial
RMS Meter
Pass Band
Sample- and-Hold
35. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Latency
6 dB
RMS Meter
Anti-Aliasing Filter
36. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Cutoff Frequency
Quantization
Pad Head & Tail
Oscillation
37. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
AES3
Nanometer
Significand
Zero-Latency Monitoring
38. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
Stapedes Reflex
Convolution
0 dB FS
Decimation Filter
39. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Sawtooth Wave
Sampling Rule
AES3
dB/FS
40. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
2 Dimensions of Sound
TOSLINK
Fourier Series
41. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Direct Stream Digital
Psychoacoustics
Digital Signal Processing
Base 2 System
42. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Threshold of Pain
Headroom Bits
Coaxial
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
43. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Sine Wave
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Redither
Edit Decision List
44. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
RMS Meter
dB/SPL
EtherSound
Codec
45. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Sampling Theorem
Threshold of Hearing
Lossy
Buffering
46. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Perceptual Coding
EtherSound
Red Book
Dolby 7.1
47. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Morse Code
Red Book
Pass Band
Effective Bit Depth
48. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Square Wave
Jitter
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Exponent
49. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Headroom Bits
Dolby 5.1
Algorithm
Sample- and-Hold
50. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Fidelity
Buffer Size
Jitter
Buffering
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