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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
European Broadcasting Union
Lossless Formats
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Sample- and-Hold
2. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Index of Reflectivity
Dithering
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
3. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Optical Cable
Overflow
Speed of Sound
Spectra
4. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Coaxial
Class - D Amplifier
Conversion Buffering
Frequency
5. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
AoE Formats
Requirements for A/D Conversion
dB/FS
6. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Quantization Error
Variable Bit Rate
DVD-5
Quantization Intervals
7. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Pad Head & Tail
DVD-18
Word Clock
8. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Noise Shaping
Oscillation
Sonogram
Edit Decision List
9. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
Sinusoidal
Sampling Theorem
SCMS
DVD-Audio
10. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Aliasing
Foldover
11. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Quantization Intervals
Amplitude Accuracy
Y-Axis Terminology
Decimation Filter
12. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Fidelity
Fourier Series
Joint Stereo
Anti-Imaging Filter
13. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Noise Shaping
Pad Head & Tail
Speed of Sound
Red Book
14. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Buffering Locations
Digital Signal Processing
Impulse Response
Masking Analysis...
15. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
dB/FS
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Noise Shaping
16. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Headroom Bits
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Glass Master
17. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Foldover
Quantization Intervals
Dolby 7.1
Exponent
18. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Aliasing
Dynamic Range
PCM
Sinusoidal
19. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Quantizer
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Analog
Harmonic Content
20. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Direct Stream Digital
Convolution
Quantizer
Photoreceptor
21. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
2 Dimensions of Sound
DVD-Audio
Intensity
Rarefaction
22. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
Resolution
Jitter
RMS
23. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
6 dB
Glass Master
Sample- and-Hold
Zero-Latency Monitoring
24. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Bit Depth
Lossless
Average Bit Rate
Resolution
25. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Anti-Imaging Filter
Nanometer
Joint Stereo
Lossy
26. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Latency
Conversion Buffering
Quantization Intervals
Optical Cable
27. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Pass Band
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Variable Bit Rate
Oversampling
28. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Compression
TOSLINK
DVD-Audio
Lightpipe
29. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
0 dB FS
Claude Shannon
Direct Monitoring
Dolby 7.1
30. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Algorithm
Impulse Response
RMS
Latency
31. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
Direct Stream Digital
Analog
MONO
M-S Stereo
32. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
M-S Stereo
D/A Conversion
Compression
Sample Rate
33. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Nanometer
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Quantization
34. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Sample- and-Hold
DVD-5
Glass Master
Y-Axis Terminology
35. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
DVD-18
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Harmonic Content
Optical Cable
36. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Psychoacoustics
dB/FS
Anti-Imaging Filter
Quantization Intervals
37. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Voltage
dB/SPL
Sampling Theorem
Exponent
38. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Acoustics
Direct Stream Digital
Bit Rate
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
39. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Nanometer
European Broadcasting Union
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Gain Staging
40. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Pulse Code Modulation
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
RMS Meter
41. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
TOSLINK
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Sampling Rule
Acoustics
42. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Anti-Imaging Filter
Low-Latency Monitoring
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Analog
43. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Red Book
Base 2 System
Logical Format
SACD
44. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Foldover
Psychoacoustics
Peak Level
45. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Sonogram
Digital
Y-Axis Terminology
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
46. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Lossy Formats
Lossless
Threshold of Hearing
Pulse Density Modulation
47. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Entropy Coding
Jitter
Recording Levels
Oversampling
48. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Sawtooth Wave
Acoustics
Fourier Series
Voltage
49. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Stapedes Reflex
Harry Nyquist
Impulse Response
Interleaved
50. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Interpolation Filter
Bit Rate
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Signal- to- Noise Ratio