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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Sonogram
Cutoff Frequency
European Broadcasting Union
Photoreceptor
2. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Quantization Intervals
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Sine Wave
3. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Voltage
Variable Bit Rate
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Dolby 7.1
4. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Acoustics
Morse Code
Index of Reflectivity
Word Clock
5. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Threshold of Pain
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Dolby 7.1
Oversampling
6. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
DVD-9
D/A Conversion
TOSLINK
Bit Rate
7. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Effective Bit Depth
Lossy
Fourier Series
Nanometer
8. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Lossless Formats
Pulse Code Modulation
Sawtooth Wave
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
9. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Rarefaction
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
DVD-18
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
10. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Decimation Filter
I/O Connection Buffering
Red Book
Algorithm
11. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Amplitude Accuracy
2 Dimensions of Sound
Bit Rate
Blu-Ray
12. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Sampling Theorem
Floating Point
DVD-10
Oversampling
13. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
Internal Resolution
AES3
Sampling Rule
Sample- and-Hold
14. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Glass Master
Significand
Sample Rate
Oversampling
15. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Fourier Series
6 dB
I/O Connection Buffering
Algorithm
16. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Claude Shannon
Low-Latency Monitoring
dB/FS
Sinusoidal
17. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Physical Disc Format
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Word Clock
Index of Reflectivity
18. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Direct Stream Digital
Glass Master
Fourier Series
Intensity
19. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Quantization Error
Sawtooth Wave
Rarefaction
Internal Resolution
20. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Pulse Width Modulation
Quantization
Exponent
Bit Rate
21. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Pulse Density Modulation
Quantization Intervals
Decoder
22. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Base 2 System
6 dB
Overflow
Acoustics
23. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Decimation Filter
Decoder
Overflow
Sample- and-Hold
24. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Anti-Imaging Filter
Lossless Formats
D/A Conversion
Bit Rate
25. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Ethernet
Edit Decision List
Quantization Intervals
Joint Stereo
26. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Decimation Filter
DVD-18
I/O Connection Buffering
27. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Impulse Response
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Digital Signal Processing
28. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.
DVD-10
Cutoff Frequency
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Compression
29. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Harry Nyquist
Intensity Stereo
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Logical Format
30. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Quantization
Buffer Size
Decoder
Entropy Coding
31. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Lossy Formats
Buffering
Sine Wave
Redither
32. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Buffering
Subbands
Exponent
RMS
33. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Overflow
Direct Stream Digital
Average Bit Rate
34. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Quantization Error
Claude Shannon
M-S Stereo
35. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Pulse Width Modulation
CPU Buffering
DVD-9
36. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
CobraNet
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Edit Decision List
I/O Connection Buffering
37. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Threshold of Hearing
Average Bit Rate
Physical Disc Format
38. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Internal Resolution
Digital
Sinusoidal
Noise Shaping
39. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Threshold of Hearing
Codec
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Decimation Filter
40. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Effective Bit Depth
Masking Analysis...
Dithering
Edit Decision List
41. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Dynamic Range
Frames
Pass Band
Acoustics
42. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Algorithm
Micron
Digital
Word Clock
43. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Threshold of Pain
Direct Stream Digital
Equal Loudness Contour
44. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Square Wave
AoE Formats
Edit Decision List
45. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Interleaved
Impulse Response
Physical Disc Format
Compression
46. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Pad Head & Tail
CobraNet
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Sine Wave
47. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Glass Master
Frequency
Dithering
Index of Reflectivity
48. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Spectra
dB/FS
Sawtooth Wave
Fidelity
49. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Frames
Physical Disc Format
Acoustics
A/D Conversion
50. Decibels Full Scale
Sample- and-Hold
dBFS
Audio Engineering Society
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula