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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






2. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






3. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






4. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm






5. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission






6. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






7. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF






8. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






9. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals






10. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






11. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits






12. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental






13. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






14. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






15. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






16. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






17. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal






18. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






19. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






20. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






21. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






22. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio






23. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media






24. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues






25. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






26. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);






27. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth






28. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






29. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content






30. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






31. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






32. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






33. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience






34. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






35. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction






36. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1






37. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light






38. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude






39. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






40. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product






41. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3






42. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data






43. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places






44. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)






45. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






46. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






47. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present






48. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.






49. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies






50. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting






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