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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Sonogram
Conversion Buffering
Recording Levels
Entropy Coding
2. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Pulse Code Modulation
SACD
Normalizing
Lossy
3. Have odd numbered harmonics
Conversion Buffering
dB/SPL
Square Wave
Overflow
4. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
A/D Conversion
European Broadcasting Union
Oversampling
Sinusoidal
5. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Interleaved
MONO
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Direct Stream Digital
6. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Playback Buffering
Red Book
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Convolution
7. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Coaxial
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
I/O Connection Buffering
Dolby 7.1
8. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
AoE Formats
Latency
Word Clock
Intensity Stereo
9. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
2 Dimensions of Sound
Noise Shaping
Voltage
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
10. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
AoE Formats
Spectra
2 Dimensions of Sound
11. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Pad Head & Tail
Foldover
Pulse Width Modulation
Sawtooth Wave
12. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Buffering Locations
Dithering
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Amplitude Accuracy
13. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
DVD-9
Frames
Sample- and-Hold
14. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Equal Loudness Contour
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Base 2 System
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
15. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
M-S Stereo
Rarefaction
EtherSound
Conversion Buffering
16. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Headroom Bits
Bit Depth
Interpolation Filter
Sinusoidal
17. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Bit Rate
Recording Levels
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Oscillation
18. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Psychoacoustics
Dynamic Range
2 Dimensions of Sound
Redither
19. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Pulse Density Modulation
Low-Latency Monitoring
Decimation Filter
Index of Reflectivity
20. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Sine Wave
Aliasing
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
21. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
Analog
AES3
Convolution
Significand
22. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Spectra
Joint Stereo
TOSLINK
Interpolation Filter
23. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Dolby 7.1
Storage Conversion Steps
DVD-9
Analog
24. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
DVD-14
Attenuation
Intensity Stereo
Oversampling
25. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
0 dB FS
Joseph Fourier
Sine Wave
Ethernet
26. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
RMS
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Frames
Logical Format
27. Decibels Full Scale
Oversampling
Psychoacoustics
dBFS
DVD-18
28. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Overflow
AoE Formats
Quantization
Y-Axis Terminology
29. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
0 dB FS
Direct Stream Digital
Subbands
DVD-5
30. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Buffer Size
Y-Axis Terminology
Optical Cable
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
31. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Decimation Filter
Attenuation
Class - D Amplifier
Spectra
32. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Effective Bit Depth
Data Packing
Photoreceptor
Dithering
33. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Frames
Playback Buffering
Class - D Amplifier
Storage Conversion Steps
34. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Bit Rate
Significand
TOSLINK
Dithering
35. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Optical Cable
Physical Disc Format
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Compression
36. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Compression
Threshold of Hearing
dB/SPL
Sonogram
37. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Cutoff Frequency
Sample- and-Hold
Voltage
38. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
RMS Meter
Requirements for CD Audio
Significand
Masking Analysis...
39. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Algorithm
Claude Shannon
Ethernet
40. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Frames
Exponent
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Quantization Intervals
41. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Gain Staging
Peak Level
Pulse Code Modulation
Decoder
42. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Quantization
DVD-9
Internal Resolution
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
43. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Sampling Rule
0 dB FS
CPU Buffering
Intensity Stereo
44. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Quantization Error
Spectrum Multiplication
Speed of Sound
Buffer Size
45. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Micron
Oversampling
Floating Point
Optical Cable
46. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Quantization Intervals
Threshold of Hearing
SCMS
Codec
47. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Aliasing
D/A Conversion
Coaxial
Jitter
48. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
Blu-Ray
Spectra
Ethernet
49. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Micron
Sonogram
Constant Bit Rate
Gain Staging
50. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Exponent
Compression
6 dB