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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Gain Staging
Decimation Filter
Buffer Size
Micron
2. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Oversampling
Exponent
Class - D Amplifier
Interpolation Filter
3. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Floating Point
Threshold of Hearing
Logical Format
I/O Connection Buffering
4. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
6 dB
Threshold of Pain
Foldover
Speed of Sound
5. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
dB/FS
Low-Latency Monitoring
2 Dimensions of Sound
Red Book
6. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Significand
Jitter
Motion Pictures Experts Group
7. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Decimation Filter
TOSLINK
Dolby 7.1
PCM
8. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Effective Bit Depth
Harry Nyquist
Resolution
Fletcher- Munson Curve
9. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Harry Nyquist
Convolution
Constant Bit Rate
10. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Quantizer
Aliasing
RMS
Rarefaction
11. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Sample- and-Hold
Gain Staging
Digital Signal Processing
Anti-Aliasing Filter
12. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
dB/FS
Ethernet
Effective Bit Depth
13. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
X-Axis Terminology
Internal Resolution
Quantizer
Buffering
14. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Exponent
X-Axis Terminology
Entropy Coding
Edit Decision List
15. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Pulse Code Modulation
Pulse Width Modulation
Effective Bit Depth
Index of Reflectivity
16. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Requirements for CD Audio
Lightpipe
SACD
Cutoff Frequency
17. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
dB/FS
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
SACD
18. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Sampling Theorem
Audio Engineering Society
2 Dimensions of Sound
Base 2 System
19. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Glass Master
Average Bit Rate
Physical Disc Format
20. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Nanometer
21. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Coaxial
CobraNet
Decimation Filter
22. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
DVD-10
0 dB FS
DVD-9
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
23. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Successive Approximation
Constant Bit Rate
Decimation Filter
Spectrum Multiplication
24. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Recording Levels
Stapedes Reflex
Overflow
Entropy Coding
25. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Red Book
Oversampling
Index of Reflectivity
Audio Engineering Society
26. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Pulse Code Modulation
Audio Engineering Society
Cutoff Frequency
M-S Stereo
27. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Optical Cable
Pulse Density Modulation
EtherSound
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
28. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
DVD-5
Base 2 System
Storage Conversion Steps
29. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
DVD-18
Sample Rate
Square Wave
RMS
30. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Frames
Anti-Imaging Filter
Joint Stereo
Intensity
31. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Average Bit Rate
Index of Reflectivity
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
6 dB
32. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Compression
Dolby 5.1
dBFS
Lossy
33. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Codec
Low-Latency Monitoring
Buffer Size
Gain Staging
34. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
A/D Conversion
Amplitude Accuracy
Micron
35. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Amplitude Accuracy
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Bit Depth
Stapedes Reflex
36. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Recording Levels
Noise Shaping
Gain Staging
Motion Pictures Experts Group
37. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Threshold of Pain
Low-Latency Monitoring
Compression
Digital Signal Processing
38. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Sawtooth Wave
Spectra
Dolby 5.1
Data Packing
39. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Intensity
Nanometer
40. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
D/A Conversion
Buffer Size
Class - D Amplifier
Variable Bit Rate
41. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Jitter
Buffering Locations
Bit Rate
Spectrum Multiplication
42. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Quantizer
Overflow
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Convolution
43. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Jitter
Harmonic Content
Average Bit Rate
Fletcher- Munson Curve
44. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Sawtooth Wave
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Compression
Frames
45. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
DVD-Audio
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Oscillation
46. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Algorithm
Joseph Fourier
Compression
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
47. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Sampling (Samples)
Internal Resolution
Nanometer
Direct Stream Digital
48. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
DVD-10
Floating Point
Pulse Width Modulation
Quantization Error
49. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Cutoff Frequency
Lossless Formats
Transfer Protocol
Data Packing
50. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Joint Stereo
Gain Staging
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Word Clock
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