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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Oversampling
6 dB
Joint Stereo
Additive Synthesis...
2. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
0 dB FS
Acoustics
Redither
Sampling (Samples)
3. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
2 Dimensions of Sound
DVD-9
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
AES3
4. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Fletcher- Munson Curve
X-Axis Terminology
Intensity Stereo
Decoder
5. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Storage Conversion Steps
Entropy Coding
Base 2 System
Sine Wave
6. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
A/D Conversion
Morse Code
Equal Loudness Contour
Playback Buffering
7. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Harry Nyquist
Frames
Threshold of Pain
Psychoacoustics
8. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Fletcher- Munson Curve
RMS
Edit Decision List
Nanometer
9. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Voltage
Direct Monitoring
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Buffer Size
10. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Normalizing
AES3
Bit Depth
11. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Data Packing
Buffer Size
Oversampling
12. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Floating Point
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Blu-Ray
Decimation Filter
13. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Overflow
Anti-Imaging Filter
Base 2 System
Digital Signal Processing
14. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Pulse Density Modulation
Low-Latency Monitoring
Attenuation
Masking Analysis...
15. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Lossless Formats
Blu-Ray
Resolution
Sawtooth Wave
16. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Lossless
EtherSound
Quantization
17. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Claude Shannon
Fourier Series
AoE Formats
PCM
18. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
PCM
Dolby 5.1
Joseph Fourier
Intensity Stereo
19. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Speed of Sound
Cutoff Frequency
Motion Pictures Experts Group
20. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Jitter
Index of Reflectivity
Inter-Channel Redundancy
DVD-18
21. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Convolution
Redither
Variable Bit Rate
Rarefaction
22. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Dolby 7.1
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Sampling Rule
Y-Axis Terminology
23. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Sample Rate
A/D Conversion
Sinusoidal
Noise Shaping
24. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Cutoff Frequency
Attenuation
Bit Rate
Successive Approximation
25. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Sample- and-Hold
Sinusoidal
Variable Bit Rate
2 Dimensions of Sound
26. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Stapedes Reflex
Coaxial
Gain Staging
27. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Threshold of Hearing
Oversampling
Quantizer
Equal Loudness Contour
28. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Noise Shaping
Foldover
Logical Format
Interleaved
29. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Amplitude Accuracy
AoE Formats
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Internal Resolution
30. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Algorithm
Data Packing
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Fidelity
31. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Algorithm
Recording Levels
European Broadcasting Union
Word Clock
32. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
Lossy
Direct Monitoring
Effective Bit Depth
DVD-Audio
33. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Playback Buffering
SCMS
Pulse Density Modulation
SACD
34. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Analog
Direct Stream Digital
Dithering
Dolby 7.1
35. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Psychoacoustics
Index of Reflectivity
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
TOSLINK
36. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Speed of Sound
Claude Shannon
AES3
Fourier Series
37. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Impulse Response
Compression
Internal Resolution
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
38. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Digital
Stapedes Reflex
SACD
MONO
39. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Analog
Cutoff Frequency
Floating Point
DVD-9
40. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Sampling Theorem
Anti-Imaging Filter
Harry Nyquist
Optical Cable
41. Have odd numbered harmonics
CobraNet
Square Wave
Index of Reflectivity
Lossless
42. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
DVD-Audio
Buffering
Pulse Width Modulation
Direct Stream Digital
43. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
DVD-9
Codec
European Broadcasting Union
Entropy Coding
44. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
Red Book
Normalizing
Anti-Aliasing Filter
45. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Fidelity
Oscillation
EtherSound
RMS Meter
46. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Data Packing
Harry Nyquist
CobraNet
Requirements for A/D Conversion
47. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Sampling Theorem
Perceptual Coding
Pass Band
Digital
48. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Frames
PCM
Morse Code
Harmonic Content
49. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Lightpipe
Spectrum Multiplication
Footroom
Sinusoidal
50. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
Joint Stereo
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Blu-Ray
DVD-14