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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






2. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms






3. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






4. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






5. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






6. The amount of energy at each wavelength






7. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






8. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response






9. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






10. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short






11. Have odd numbered harmonics






12. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)






13. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio






14. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect






15. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






16. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)






17. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






18. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track






19. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content






20. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






21. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data






22. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






23. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range






24. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting






25. 12.33 GB; DS/ML






26. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB






27. Decibels Full Scale






28. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers






29. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






30. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input






31. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec






32. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.






33. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)






34. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter






35. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'






36. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






37. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!






38. The loudest point of a Full Scale system






39. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur






40. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






41. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






42. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground






43. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






44. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






45. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency






46. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






47. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






48. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude






49. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






50. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal







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