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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Entropy Coding
2 Dimensions of Sound
Claude Shannon
0 dB FS
2. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Pulse Code Modulation
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Threshold of Pain
Requirements for CD Audio
3. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Redither
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Blu-Ray
Sine Wave
4. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Quantizer
Noise Shaping
Analog
Oscillation
5. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Quantization Intervals
DVD-Audio
Speed of Sound
Logical Format
6. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Buffer Size
Threshold of Pain
EtherSound
Sample Rate
7. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Subbands
Transfer Protocol
Equal Loudness Contour
Interleaved
8. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Variable Bit Rate
Dolby 5.1
Anti-Aliasing Filter
AoE Formats
9. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Digital Signal Processing
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Blu-Ray
10. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Pulse Code Modulation
Rarefaction
Additive Synthesis...
Overflow
11. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Cutoff Frequency
Photoreceptor
RMS Meter
M-S Stereo
12. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
RMS Meter
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Cutoff Frequency
RMS
13. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Buffering
Fidelity
Sawtooth Wave
Dolby 7.1
14. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Lossless Formats
Optical Cable
Footroom
Y-Axis Terminology
15. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
6 dB
Codec
Intensity Stereo
Oscillation
16. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Interpolation Filter
RMS
Digital
RMS Meter
17. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Constant Bit Rate
DVD-9
Spectra
Sample Rate
18. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Overflow
Logical Format
Conversion Buffering
Frequency
19. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Foldover
AES3
dB/FS
Optical Cable
20. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!
Buffering Locations
Audio Engineering Society
AES3
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
21. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Internal Resolution
Dynamic Range
SCMS
Glass Master
22. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Gain Staging
Amplitude Accuracy
23. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Normalizing
EtherSound
Voltage
Word Clock
24. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Sine Wave
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
X-Axis Terminology
RMS Meter
25. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Low-Latency Monitoring
Internal Resolution
AES3
SCMS
26. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Quantization Error
Speed of Sound
Headroom Bits
Joseph Fourier
27. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Significand
Stapedes Reflex
Sample- and-Hold
Exponent
28. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Amplitude Accuracy
Word Clock
European Broadcasting Union
Pass Band
29. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Rarefaction
Buffer Size
6 dB
EtherSound
30. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Exponent
Internal Resolution
Anti-Aliasing Filter
RMS Meter
31. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Additive Synthesis...
Masking Analysis...
Exponent
32. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Dithering
Buffering Locations
DVD-9
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
33. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Interleaved
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Dithering
Index of Reflectivity
34. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Effective Bit Depth
Audio Engineering Society
EtherSound
Successive Approximation
35. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Internal Resolution
Voltage
Direct Monitoring
Frequency
36. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
CobraNet
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Intensity Stereo
SCMS
37. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Foldover
Fletcher- Munson Curve
SACD
0 dB FS
38. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Bit Rate
Frequency
Aliasing
Amplitude Accuracy
39. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Masking Analysis...
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Bit Rate
Spectrum Multiplication
40. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Foldover
Intensity Stereo
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
41. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Intensity Stereo
Sinusoidal
Decimation Filter
AoE Formats
42. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Lossless Formats
Y-Axis Terminology
0 dB FS
Threshold of Hearing
43. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
PCM
Subbands
Conversion Buffering
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
44. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
dB/SPL
Ethernet
DVD-9
Index of Reflectivity
45. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Buffer Size
Sampling (Samples)
Pass Band
Bit Depth
46. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Sine Wave
DVD-9
Recording Levels
Ethernet
47. EBU
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
European Broadcasting Union
Lossless Formats
Dolby 7.1
48. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Red Book
Index of Reflectivity
2 Dimensions of Sound
Glass Master
49. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
EtherSound
DVD-14
Dolby 7.1
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
50. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
EtherSound
RMS
Impulse Response
dBFS