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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
A/D Conversion
AES3
CobraNet
DVD-10
2. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Analog
I/O Connection Buffering
AoE Formats
Word Clock
3. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Rarefaction
Direct Monitoring
Voltage
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
4. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Nanometer
Base 2 System
Entropy Coding
A/D Conversion
5. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Floating Point
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Lossy Formats
Digital
6. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Average Bit Rate
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Speed of Sound
CobraNet
7. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Speed of Sound
Dithering
Playback Buffering
Red Book
8. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Exponent
Y-Axis Terminology
X-Axis Terminology
9. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Significand
Low-Latency Monitoring
Transfer Protocol
Threshold of Pain
10. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Sonogram
Overflow
Aliasing
Additive Synthesis...
11. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Sample Rate
Micron
Ethernet
Pulse Code Modulation
12. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Stapedes Reflex
Logical Format
Decoder
Threshold of Pain
13. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
CPU Buffering
Sine Wave
Redither
Harry Nyquist
14. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Acoustics
Pulse Density Modulation
Coaxial
DVD-18
15. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Dolby 5.1
Conversion Buffering
EtherSound
Intensity
16. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Red Book
Rarefaction
Variable Bit Rate
Quantization Intervals
17. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Threshold of Pain
Micron
Nyquist Frequency
18. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Playback Buffering
Redither
Sampling (Samples)
Morse Code
19. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Digital Signal Processing
Playback Buffering
Lossy Formats
Claude Shannon
20. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Harry Nyquist
Entropy Coding
Quantization Intervals
Coaxial
21. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
SACD
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Additive Synthesis...
22. Have odd numbered harmonics
European Broadcasting Union
Lossless Formats
Spectrum Multiplication
Square Wave
23. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Cutoff Frequency
Recording Levels
0 dB FS
Sample Rate
24. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Claude Shannon
I/O Connection Buffering
Pulse Code Modulation
Impulse Response
25. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Footroom
Overflow
Word Clock
CPU Buffering
26. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Intensity Stereo
Sampling (Samples)
Anti-Imaging Filter
SACD
27. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Index of Reflectivity
Pulse Density Modulation
Effective Bit Depth
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
28. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Amplitude Accuracy
Perceptual Coding
RMS
29. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Recording Levels
Quantizer
Analog
Fidelity
30. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Lightpipe
Noise Shaping
I/O Connection Buffering
31. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
SCMS
Storage Conversion Steps
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Glass Master
32. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Lossy Formats
Nyquist Frequency
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Glass Master
33. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Spectra
Zero-Latency Monitoring
D/A Conversion
RMS
34. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
6 dB
Pass Band
Red Book
Dolby 7.1
35. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
DVD-Audio
Quantizer
Joseph Fourier
Delta-Sigma Modulation
36. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Sample Rate
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Resolution
37. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Quantization
6 dB
Aliasing
Index of Reflectivity
38. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Joseph Fourier
Speed of Sound
DVD-Audio
Dynamic Range
39. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Equal Loudness Contour
DVD-Audio
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Pulse Code Modulation
40. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Decimation Filter
Bit Rate
Playback Buffering
Oscillation
41. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Digital Signal Processing
Convolution
MONO
Lossless Formats
42. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Frequency
Conversion Buffering
Class - D Amplifier
Internal Resolution
43. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Oversampling
Cutoff Frequency
Blu-Ray
Pulse Code Modulation
44. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Interleaved
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Buffering Locations
Codec
45. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
European Broadcasting Union
Voltage
Base 2 System
DVD-9
46. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Anti-Imaging Filter
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Redither
47. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Data Packing
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Oscillation
48. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Codec
Nanometer
Impulse Response
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
49. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Fidelity
Buffering Locations
Gain Staging
Exponent
50. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Photoreceptor
Oscillation
Digital Signal Processing
Micron