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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
RMS Meter
RMS
Convolution
Overflow
2. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Normalizing
Quantization Intervals
dB/FS
Sample Rate
3. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
MONO
RMS
Cutoff Frequency
Digital Signal Processing
4. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
TOSLINK
Buffer Size
Dolby 7.1
A/D Conversion
5. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Exponent
Oversampling
Bit Rate
Sample Rate
6. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Oscillation
Joseph Fourier
Micron
Harry Nyquist
7. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
dB/FS
Oscillation
Sawtooth Wave
Attenuation
8. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Fletcher- Munson Curve
I/O Connection Buffering
Playback Buffering
Constant Bit Rate
9. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Lossy Formats
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Floating Point
Transfer Protocol
10. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Floating Point
DVD-18
Speed of Sound
Dolby 7.1
11. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Index of Reflectivity
dBFS
Playback Buffering
Digital
12. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
DVD-18
Average Bit Rate
Joint Stereo
Quantization
13. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
AES3
Requirements for CD Audio
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Psychoacoustics
14. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
dBFS
Analog
Pad Head & Tail
Floating Point
15. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Sample Rate
Quantization Intervals
Quantization Error
Morse Code
16. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Oversampling
Buffering
Cutoff Frequency
Low-Latency Monitoring
17. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
DVD-Audio
Spectrum Multiplication
Lossy
CPU Buffering
18. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Exponent
Dynamic Range
Lossy
SCMS
19. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Internal Resolution
Quantization
0 dB FS
Blu-Ray
20. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Anti-Imaging Filter
Interpolation Filter
Decimation Filter
Dolby 7.1
21. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Noise Shaping
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Buffering Locations
Acoustics
22. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Significand
Physical Disc Format
Bit Depth
Transfer Protocol
23. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
PCM
Algorithm
AES3
Voltage
24. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Dynamic Range
Constant Bit Rate
Nanometer
Buffering
25. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Digital
Blu-Ray
dB/SPL
Physical Disc Format
26. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Interpolation Filter
Dolby 5.1
Average Bit Rate
Lossy
27. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
RMS
Sample- and-Hold
Sonogram
M-S Stereo
28. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Direct Monitoring
Equal Loudness Contour
Blu-Ray
Subbands
29. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Lossy Formats
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Threshold of Hearing
Transfer Protocol
30. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Interleaved
Effective Bit Depth
Jitter
Overflow
31. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Compression
Frequency
Footroom
Sample Rate
32. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Requirements for CD Audio
EtherSound
Fourier Series
Speed of Sound
33. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Oversampling
SACD
Spectrum Multiplication
Overflow
34. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Fidelity
Micron
Voltage
35. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
X-Axis Terminology
Pad Head & Tail
Pulse Width Modulation
Pulse Code Modulation
36. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
X-Axis Terminology
Decoder
37. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
DVD-10
Exponent
Dynamic Range
Foldover
38. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Decoder
Dolby 7.1
Jitter
Harmonic Content
39. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Lossy Formats
Sine Wave
Jitter
Transfer Protocol
40. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Physical Disc Format
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Low-Latency Monitoring
Quantization
41. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
PCM
Significand
Cutoff Frequency
Frames
42. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Dithering
Direct Stream Digital
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Joint Stereo
43. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Attenuation
Interleaved
Resolution
European Broadcasting Union
44. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Average Bit Rate
Physical Disc Format
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Analog
45. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
DVD-10
Quantization
Headroom Bits
46. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Conversion Buffering
2 Dimensions of Sound
Micron
47. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Intensity Stereo
Spectra
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Effective Bit Depth
48. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Nanometer
Threshold of Hearing
EtherSound
Entropy Coding
49. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Gain Staging
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Internal Resolution
Effective Bit Depth
50. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Nanometer
DVD-10
Optical Cable
Sine Wave