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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Attenuation
dBFS
Decimation Filter
Delta-Sigma Modulation
2. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Edit Decision List
Quantization
Fourier Series
Square Wave
3. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
AES3
Bit Depth
TOSLINK
DVD-5
4. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
dBFS
Pulse Width Modulation
Analog
Fletcher- Munson Curve
5. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
RMS
PCM
Direct Monitoring
6. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Codec
Amplitude Accuracy
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Harmonic Content
7. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Sampling Rule
Class - D Amplifier
6 dB
RMS
8. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Dynamic Range
Constant Bit Rate
Foldover
9. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Intensity Stereo
Sine Wave
Storage Conversion Steps
Recording Levels
10. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Headroom Bits
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Joseph Fourier
Coaxial
11. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Headroom Bits
Edit Decision List
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Nanometer
12. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
PCM
Normalizing
RMS
European Broadcasting Union
13. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Pulse Density Modulation
Jitter
Lossless
Anti-Aliasing Filter
14. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
DVD-10
Index of Reflectivity
Sampling Rule
RMS Meter
15. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Bit Rate
CPU Buffering
Compression
Digital Signal Processing
16. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Codec
Dolby 7.1
Floating Point
CobraNet
17. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Intensity
dB/FS
Oversampling
Dolby 7.1
18. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Oscillation
Analog
Compression
Micron
19. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Anti-Imaging Filter
DVD-5
Blu-Ray
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
20. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Variable Bit Rate
Direct Monitoring
Masking Analysis...
Convolution
21. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
0 dB FS
Sawtooth Wave
Fourier Series
Word Clock
22. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Variable Bit Rate
EtherSound
D/A Conversion
CPU Buffering
23. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Threshold of Pain
DVD-5
Lossy
MONO
24. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
TOSLINK
Direct Monitoring
DVD-5
25. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Perceptual Coding
Sine Wave
Data Packing
Inter-Channel Redundancy
26. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Entropy Coding
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
A/D Conversion
Voltage
27. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Direct Monitoring
Playback Buffering
Fourier Series
Internal Resolution
28. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Voltage
Low-Latency Monitoring
DVD-Audio
Coaxial
29. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Noise Shaping
Direct Stream Digital
Digital Signal Processing
Zero-Latency Monitoring
30. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Pulse Width Modulation
Blu-Ray
Red Book
RMS Meter
31. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Optical Cable
Transfer Protocol
Word Clock
Decoder
32. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
DVD-10
Harmonic Content
Sampling Theorem
dBFS
33. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Normalizing
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Sonogram
SACD
34. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
DVD-Audio
Lossless
Harry Nyquist
0 dB FS
35. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Entropy Coding
Convolution
Lossy Formats
MONO
36. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Sample Rate
Effective Bit Depth
Pulse Width Modulation
Direct Monitoring
37. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
2 Dimensions of Sound
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Gain Staging
Masking Analysis...
38. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Cutoff Frequency
Aliasing
MONO
39. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Constant Bit Rate
Word Clock
Claude Shannon
A/D Conversion
40. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Amplitude Accuracy
Oversampling
41. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Class - D Amplifier
Joint Stereo
Lightpipe
2 Dimensions of Sound
42. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
A/D Conversion
Footroom
Convolution
43. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Y-Axis Terminology
Transfer Protocol
SCMS
Attenuation
44. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Variable Bit Rate
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Y-Axis Terminology
45. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
DVD-14
Normalizing
Spectrum Multiplication
dBFS
46. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Sampling Theorem
Lightpipe
Exponent
Oversampling
47. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
CPU Buffering
Pulse Width Modulation
Interpolation Filter
Dolby 5.1
48. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Acoustics
Psychoacoustics
Claude Shannon
PCM
49. Decibels Full Scale
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Aliasing
dBFS
Peak Level
50. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
X-Axis Terminology
Amplitude Accuracy
Voltage
Subbands