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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Stapedes Reflex
Micron
Threshold of Hearing
Cutoff Frequency
2. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Requirements for CD Audio
Quantization Error
Fidelity
Dithering
3. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Class - D Amplifier
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Photoreceptor
Sawtooth Wave
4. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
D/A Conversion
CPU Buffering
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Lossy
5. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Frames
Transfer Protocol
Recording Levels
DVD-9
6. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Average Bit Rate
Morse Code
Frames
Word Clock
7. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Threshold of Pain
DVD-5
Exponent
Word Clock
8. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
A/D Conversion
Pulse Code Modulation
EtherSound
Anti-Imaging Filter
9. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Speed of Sound
Edit Decision List
Attenuation
Nanometer
10. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Threshold of Hearing
Spectra
Joint Stereo
Motion Pictures Experts Group
11. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Optical Cable
Sonogram
Buffering
SCMS
12. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Convolution
Compression
RMS
Anti-Aliasing Filter
13. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Average Bit Rate
Overflow
Cutoff Frequency
Pulse Density Modulation
14. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Sampling Rule
Joint Stereo
Equal Loudness Contour
Spectrum Multiplication
15. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Codec
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Sawtooth Wave
Decimation Filter
16. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Effective Bit Depth
Photoreceptor
Buffering
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
17. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Footroom
CobraNet
Perceptual Coding
Joseph Fourier
18. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Fourier Series
Aliasing
Psychoacoustics
Jitter
19. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Amplitude Accuracy
Logical Format
Subbands
Harmonic Content
20. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Spectra
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Successive Approximation
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
21. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
D/A Conversion
TOSLINK
AoE Formats
Frequency
22. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Decoder
Bit Depth
Coaxial
Square Wave
23. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Requirements for CD Audio
Frames
Edit Decision List
Threshold of Hearing
24. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
PCM
Oversampling
Lossy Formats
Coaxial
25. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Buffering
Quantization Intervals
X-Axis Terminology
Y-Axis Terminology
26. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Coaxial
Harmonic Content
CPU Buffering
27. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Speed of Sound
dB/SPL
Y-Axis Terminology
Sine Wave
28. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Buffering
Direct Monitoring
Interpolation Filter
Lossy Formats
29. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Micron
Anti-Imaging Filter
Exponent
Oversampling
30. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Subbands
Index of Reflectivity
Transfer Protocol
Overflow
31. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
CPU Buffering
RMS Meter
0 dB FS
32. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Additive Synthesis...
Noise Shaping
Red Book
A/D Conversion
33. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Gain Staging
Lossless Formats
Quantizer
Sinusoidal
34. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Sonogram
Rarefaction
Quantization
Joint Stereo
35. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Blu-Ray
European Broadcasting Union
PCM
Headroom Bits
36. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
Oscillation
Successive Approximation
6 dB
DVD-14
37. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Quantization Intervals
Threshold of Hearing
Spectra
Storage Conversion Steps
38. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Frames
Perceptual Coding
Decoder
Physical Disc Format
39. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Normalizing
Lossy
Interleaved
Pass Band
40. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Playback Buffering
Resolution
Overflow
Intensity
41. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Analog
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Fidelity
42. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Quantization Error
Latency
X-Axis Terminology
43. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Floating Point
Sampling Theorem
Sample- and-Hold
Anti-Imaging Filter
44. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Intensity
Decimation Filter
dB/FS
Quantizer
45. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Red Book
Oscillation
Fourier Series
46. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Footroom
Buffer Size
Fourier Series
Morse Code
47. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Analog
Blu-Ray
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Normalizing
48. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
DVD-14
Voltage
SACD
49. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Resolution
Harry Nyquist
CPU Buffering
Anti-Imaging Filter
50. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Photoreceptor
Data Packing
Joseph Fourier
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