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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Claude Shannon
Algorithm
Additive Synthesis...
Coaxial
2. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Lossy Formats
Frequency
Motion Pictures Experts Group
I/O Connection Buffering
3. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Nyquist Frequency
Speed of Sound
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Claude Shannon
4. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Joint Stereo
RMS Meter
Harry Nyquist
European Broadcasting Union
5. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
I/O Connection Buffering
Transfer Protocol
Bit Rate
Stapedes Reflex
6. EBU
DVD-18
Successive Approximation
Direct Stream Digital
European Broadcasting Union
7. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Stapedes Reflex
Audio Engineering Society
Noise Shaping
8. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Noise Shaping
Compression
Blu-Ray
Jitter
9. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Digital
Sinusoidal
DVD-9
Noise Shaping
10. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Gain Staging
6 dB
Peak Level
D/A Conversion
11. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
dBFS
Low-Latency Monitoring
Sinusoidal
Glass Master
12. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
DVD-Audio
Buffering
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
MONO
13. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Threshold of Pain
Threshold of Hearing
dB/SPL
14. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Glass Master
Footroom
Dolby 5.1
Sonogram
15. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Recording Levels
Codec
Sample- and-Hold
Amplitude Accuracy
16. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Rarefaction
dBFS
A/D Conversion
Voltage
17. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
Sinusoidal
Average Bit Rate
Frames
DVD-Audio
18. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Optical Cable
Oversampling
Direct Monitoring
Blu-Ray
19. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Base 2 System
D/A Conversion
DVD-14
Spectra
20. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
Claude Shannon
Data Packing
SCMS
Redither
21. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Optical Cable
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
X-Axis Terminology
Harry Nyquist
22. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Pulse Density Modulation
Blu-Ray
Frames
D/A Conversion
23. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Anti-Imaging Filter
Threshold of Pain
Interpolation Filter
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
24. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
European Broadcasting Union
Buffering Locations
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Cutoff Frequency
25. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Pass Band
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
MONO
Joint Stereo
26. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.
Normalizing
Lossy Formats
Analog
Compression
27. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
SACD
TOSLINK
RMS Meter
Index of Reflectivity
28. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Cutoff Frequency
Glass Master
Spectrum Multiplication
6 dB
29. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Speed of Sound
RMS
Coaxial
Pad Head & Tail
30. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Acoustics
RMS
Normalizing
Harmonic Content
31. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Joseph Fourier
MONO
Interleaved
Bit Rate
32. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Edit Decision List
Amplitude Accuracy
Quantization Intervals
33. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Direct Monitoring
Buffering
Class - D Amplifier
Successive Approximation
34. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Conversion Buffering
Blu-Ray
Glass Master
Significand
35. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Class - D Amplifier
Significand
Cutoff Frequency
36. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Ethernet
0 dB FS
2 Dimensions of Sound
37. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Spectrum Multiplication
Nyquist Frequency
Headroom Bits
Buffering
38. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Sample- and-Hold
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Amplitude Accuracy
39. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
European Broadcasting Union
Pulse Width Modulation
Sinusoidal
Class - D Amplifier
40. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
dBFS
Decimation Filter
Decoder
Sine Wave
41. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Direct Stream Digital
Attenuation
CPU Buffering
Effective Bit Depth
42. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Digital Signal Processing
Sampling Rule
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
6 dB
43. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Sampling Theorem
Anti-Imaging Filter
Perceptual Coding
Noise Shaping
44. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Entropy Coding
Lossless
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Blu-Ray
45. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Blu-Ray
Base 2 System
46. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Buffering
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Oversampling
Logical Format
47. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Algorithm
RMS
Sampling (Samples)
48. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Edit Decision List
Frequency
Audio Engineering Society
49. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Pulse Density Modulation
TOSLINK
DVD-Audio
Interpolation Filter
50. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Additive Synthesis...
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Blu-Ray
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion