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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
DVD-5
Decimation Filter
Impulse Response
Sampling Rule
2. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Oversampling
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Latency
Requirements for CD Audio
3. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Gain Staging
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Threshold of Pain
dB/SPL
4. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Square Wave
Successive Approximation
Sawtooth Wave
Threshold of Hearing
5. EBU
Floating Point
Latency
Aliasing
European Broadcasting Union
6. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
DVD-Audio
European Broadcasting Union
Spectrum Multiplication
Dolby 7.1
7. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Blu-Ray
Fidelity
Latency
Edit Decision List
8. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Convolution
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Quantization
Requirements for A/D Conversion
9. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
European Broadcasting Union
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Lossy
6 dB
10. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Overflow
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Footroom
Intensity Stereo
11. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Requirements for A/D Conversion
A/D Conversion
Redither
Digital
12. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Blu-Ray
AES3
Photoreceptor
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
13. Decibels Full Scale
Sawtooth Wave
Spectra
Fidelity
dBFS
14. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Impulse Response
Additive Synthesis...
Fidelity
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
15. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
I/O Connection Buffering
Internal Resolution
Photoreceptor
Attenuation
16. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
DVD-18
Quantization
Peak Level
Floating Point
17. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Codec
Fidelity
Sawtooth Wave
Resolution
18. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Low-Latency Monitoring
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Sample Rate
19. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Sampling Theorem
RMS
Joint Stereo
European Broadcasting Union
20. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Bit Rate
Codec
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Lossy Formats
21. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Oversampling
Data Packing
Frames
Exponent
22. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Coaxial
Square Wave
Significand
Recording Levels
23. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Decimation Filter
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Compression
TOSLINK
24. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Oversampling
dB/FS
Impulse Response
Ethernet
25. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Lossless Formats
Sine Wave
Word Clock
26. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Quantization Error
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Equal Loudness Contour
Footroom
27. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Interleaved
Rarefaction
Zero-Latency Monitoring
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
28. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Oscillation
Dolby 5.1
Redither
Nyquist Frequency
29. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Jitter
Joint Stereo
2 Dimensions of Sound
Dithering
30. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Spectra
CobraNet
X-Axis Terminology
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
31. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Cutoff Frequency
Latency
Direct Stream Digital
Photoreceptor
32. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Pulse Width Modulation
Footroom
Low-Latency Monitoring
Buffering Locations
33. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Pass Band
Perceptual Coding
X-Axis Terminology
Coaxial
34. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
CPU Buffering
Cutoff Frequency
Base 2 System
Anti-Aliasing Filter
35. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Oversampling
Successive Approximation
Anti-Imaging Filter
CPU Buffering
36. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Psychoacoustics
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Lossless Formats
Pulse Code Modulation
37. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Harmonic Content
Constant Bit Rate
Quantization
Joint Stereo
38. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Transfer Protocol
Red Book
Sampling (Samples)
Intensity Stereo
39. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Successive Approximation
TOSLINK
6 dB
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
40. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Data Packing
Blu-Ray
Spectra
41. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Requirements for CD Audio
Sample Rate
Noise Shaping
Direct Monitoring
42. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
A/D Conversion
Direct Monitoring
Perceptual Coding
Internal Resolution
43. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
DVD-5
Redither
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
44. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
DVD-10
Constant Bit Rate
Dithering
Edit Decision List
45. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Stapedes Reflex
Headroom Bits
DVD-18
dB/SPL
46. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.
Ethernet
Compression
Gain Staging
Foldover
47. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Compression
Threshold of Pain
Zero-Latency Monitoring
48. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Oversampling
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Recording Levels
49. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
CobraNet
Morse Code
Storage Conversion Steps
Harmonic Content
50. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
DVD-9
Frequency
CPU Buffering
Direct Monitoring