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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track






2. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode






3. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






4. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously






5. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






6. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding






7. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion






8. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF






9. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






10. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






11. Decibels Full Scale






12. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






13. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






14. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






15. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter






16. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation






17. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






18. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






19. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating






20. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






21. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






22. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






23. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






24. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC






25. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






26. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






27. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available






28. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission






29. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






30. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






31. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent






32. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector






33. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process






34. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER






35. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding






36. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






37. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec






38. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






39. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground






40. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones






41. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)






42. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself






43. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






44. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track






45. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






46. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)






47. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






48. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






49. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






50. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters







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