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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Direct Monitoring
Average Bit Rate
Rarefaction
Delta-Sigma Modulation
2. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Fourier Series
Nanometer
Decoder
Requirements for CD Audio
3. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
DVD-18
Resolution
Harry Nyquist
DVD-5
4. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Word Clock
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
A/D Conversion
Quantizer
5. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Internal Resolution
Nanometer
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Lossy Formats
6. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Resolution
Effective Bit Depth
Lossless
Nyquist Frequency
7. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
dB/FS
Coaxial
Quantization Intervals
Harry Nyquist
8. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Sawtooth Wave
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
DVD-5
9. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Codec
Quantization
Significand
Buffering
10. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Redither
Fidelity
DVD-10
Sampling (Samples)
11. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Sinusoidal
SACD
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Sampling (Samples)
12. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Transfer Protocol
Digital Signal Processing
Sampling (Samples)
Optical Cable
13. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Quantization Intervals
Decoder
dB/SPL
Convolution
14. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Coaxial
Gain Staging
Dithering
Perceptual Coding
15. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Anti-Imaging Filter
Lightpipe
Floating Point
Base 2 System
16. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
dBFS
D/A Conversion
DVD-9
Direct Stream Digital
17. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Optical Cable
Aliasing
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Requirements for CD Audio
18. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Algorithm
Foldover
Lossless
Index of Reflectivity
19. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
DVD-10
Dithering
Analog
Amplitude Accuracy
20. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Lightpipe
TOSLINK
Micron
Equal Loudness Contour
21. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Additive Synthesis...
Quantizer
Footroom
Average Bit Rate
22. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Square Wave
Threshold of Pain
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Dithering
23. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
Resolution
European Broadcasting Union
DVD-Audio
Foldover
24. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Recording Levels
Decimation Filter
Quantization
Logical Format
25. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Blu-Ray
Dynamic Range
Buffering
Codec
26. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
Fidelity
Sine Wave
Anti-Imaging Filter
Significand
27. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Morse Code
Low-Latency Monitoring
Speed of Sound
Photoreceptor
28. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Headroom Bits
Frames
Threshold of Pain
Physical Disc Format
29. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Latency
Masking Analysis...
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Compression
30. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
Recording Levels
Entropy Coding
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Blu-Ray
31. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Spectra
Speed of Sound
32. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Acoustics
Pulse Density Modulation
Conversion Buffering
Oversampling
33. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Acoustics
Logical Format
Entropy Coding
Pulse Width Modulation
34. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Dolby 5.1
I/O Connection Buffering
Digital
Direct Monitoring
35. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Digital
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Floating Point
Oversampling
36. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Peak Level
Redither
Voltage
SACD
37. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Amplitude Accuracy
Quantization Error
dB/FS
Significand
38. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Dithering
Interpolation Filter
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Nyquist Frequency
39. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
SACD
A/D Conversion
Rarefaction
Dynamic Range
40. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Compression
Bit Depth
AoE Formats
Sampling (Samples)
41. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
RMS
Psychoacoustics
Dolby 5.1
Latency
42. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
dBFS
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Threshold of Hearing
43. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Significand
RMS
Redither
Pulse Width Modulation
44. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
DVD-9
Data Packing
Foldover
Pulse Density Modulation
45. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Blu-Ray
Quantization Error
Photoreceptor
Class - D Amplifier
46. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
DVD-9
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Latency
Oversampling
47. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Gain Staging
Blu-Ray
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
AoE Formats
48. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Significand
Intensity
Storage Conversion Steps
RMS Meter
49. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Interpolation Filter
Sine Wave
Aliasing
Requirements for CD Audio
50. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
MONO
Index of Reflectivity
Sampling Rule
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation