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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Claude Shannon
Perceptual Coding
Morse Code
Coaxial
2. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Sinusoidal
Oversampling
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
3. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
MONO
Cutoff Frequency
Interpolation Filter
Successive Approximation
4. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Overflow
Word Clock
D/A Conversion
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
5. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Word Clock
Low-Latency Monitoring
Compression
6. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
TOSLINK
Impulse Response
Joint Stereo
7. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Spectra
TOSLINK
Edit Decision List
Pulse Width Modulation
8. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
DVD-18
Subbands
Equal Loudness Contour
Convolution
9. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Joint Stereo
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Word Clock
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
10. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Sonogram
CPU Buffering
Subbands
Redither
11. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Ethernet
Oversampling
Lossless
Joseph Fourier
12. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Aliasing
Y-Axis Terminology
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Sample- and-Hold
13. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Logical Format
CPU Buffering
Y-Axis Terminology
Rarefaction
14. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Storage Conversion Steps
Red Book
Interleaved
Additive Synthesis...
15. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Cutoff Frequency
Requirements for A/D Conversion
EtherSound
Sawtooth Wave
16. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
EtherSound
Recording Levels
Digital
Harry Nyquist
17. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Threshold of Hearing
Compression
Bit Rate
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
18. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Data Packing
Word Clock
Quantization Intervals
Spectrum Multiplication
19. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
M-S Stereo
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Peak Level
20. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Buffering Locations
Dithering
Dolby 7.1
Harmonic Content
21. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Average Bit Rate
Audio Engineering Society
Speed of Sound
Psychoacoustics
22. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Blu-Ray
Subbands
Conversion Buffering
Harry Nyquist
23. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Ethernet
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Quantizer
Intensity
24. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
X-Axis Terminology
Stapedes Reflex
DVD-14
25. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Pulse Code Modulation
Quantization Intervals
Quantizer
Redither
26. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Sonogram
Y-Axis Terminology
dB/SPL
Jitter
27. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Frames
Normalizing
Frequency
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
28. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Analog
Glass Master
Sampling (Samples)
DVD-10
29. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Sampling (Samples)
Sampling Rule
DVD-5
Playback Buffering
30. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Transfer Protocol
Voltage
31. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Convolution
Playback Buffering
Digital Signal Processing
Entropy Coding
32. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
D/A Conversion
Redither
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
33. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Edit Decision List
DVD-14
Additive Synthesis...
Sample Rate
34. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Intensity
Harmonic Content
Peak Level
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
35. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
A/D Conversion
Lightpipe
Amplitude Accuracy
SACD
36. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Playback Buffering
Index of Reflectivity
Sonogram
Fletcher- Munson Curve
37. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Digital
Lightpipe
MONO
38. EBU
Convolution
Direct Stream Digital
European Broadcasting Union
Lossy
39. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
Internal Resolution
Analog
EtherSound
M-S Stereo
40. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
RMS
0 dB FS
Compression
Fourier Series
41. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Coaxial
Quantizer
Oscillation
Joint Stereo
42. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Buffering Locations
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Resolution
Gain Staging
43. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Harmonic Content
Footroom
Blu-Ray
CobraNet
44. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Significand
M-S Stereo
Y-Axis Terminology
Dithering
45. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Perceptual Coding
Subbands
Sonogram
Claude Shannon
46. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Acoustics
Entropy Coding
MONO
Cutoff Frequency
47. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Latency
Direct Monitoring
Quantization Intervals
Oversampling
48. Serial Copy Management System; main difference between AES3 & S/PIDF
Successive Approximation
Fourier Series
SCMS
Word Clock
49. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Frequency
Subbands
Sampling Rule
Cutoff Frequency
50. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
Threshold of Pain
DVD-18
Lossless