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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Pulse Density Modulation
Decimation Filter
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Quantization Intervals
2. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Redither
Harmonic Content
Dithering
Glass Master
3. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Compression
Lossy Formats
Spectra
Storage Conversion Steps
4. Decibels Full Scale
Successive Approximation
Cutoff Frequency
Variable Bit Rate
dBFS
5. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
AES3
Sonogram
Logical Format
0 dB FS
6. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Conversion Buffering
Nanometer
Pulse Width Modulation
Cutoff Frequency
7. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Ethernet
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Threshold of Hearing
Word Clock
8. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Subbands
DVD-10
Sampling (Samples)
Rarefaction
9. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
A/D Conversion
Class - D Amplifier
Noise Shaping
Masking Analysis...
10. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
Rarefaction
Digital
Digital Signal Processing
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
11. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Oversampling
Peak Level
Pulse Density Modulation
Quantization
12. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Additive Synthesis...
Harry Nyquist
Direct Monitoring
Quantization
13. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Perceptual Coding
Lossless
Sinusoidal
DVD-5
14. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
DVD-10
Voltage
Compression
Joseph Fourier
15. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Index of Reflectivity
RMS Meter
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Amplitude Accuracy
16. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Compression
Internal Resolution
Pad Head & Tail
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
17. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Y-Axis Terminology
Jitter
Psychoacoustics
18. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Buffering Locations
Entropy Coding
Pulse Code Modulation
19. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Frequency
DVD-5
Gain Staging
Sonogram
20. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
Direct Monitoring
X-Axis Terminology
Speed of Sound
Redither
21. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Sonogram
Square Wave
Bit Depth
Sample Rate
22. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Data Packing
Low-Latency Monitoring
Resolution
23. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Audio Engineering Society
CPU Buffering
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Footroom
24. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Convolution
Jitter
Dynamic Range
Speed of Sound
25. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
RMS Meter
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Playback Buffering
Anti-Imaging Filter
26. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Variable Bit Rate
Masking Analysis...
Rarefaction
27. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Sine Wave
Gain Staging
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Inter-Channel Redundancy
28. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Fidelity
AES3
DVD-5
Digital
29. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Pulse Code Modulation
Lossless
Joint Stereo
30. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Cutoff Frequency
Latency
Joseph Fourier
Oscillation
31. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Transfer Protocol
Dithering
AES3
Pulse Code Modulation
32. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Effective Bit Depth
Blu-Ray
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Bit Depth
33. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Joint Stereo
Digital Signal Processing
Harry Nyquist
Transfer Protocol
34. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Bit Depth
Conversion Buffering
Threshold of Pain
Logical Format
35. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Recording Levels
Word Clock
Pulse Width Modulation
dBFS
36. Same as 'aliasing'
Y-Axis Terminology
Storage Conversion Steps
Average Bit Rate
Foldover
37. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Oversampling
Floating Point
Interpolation Filter
Speed of Sound
38. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Lossy
Gain Staging
Perceptual Coding
A/D Conversion
39. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Frequency
Decoder
Y-Axis Terminology
Quantizer
40. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Acoustics
Convolution
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Lossy
41. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Frames
Buffer Size
Acoustics
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
42. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Blu-Ray
Sample- and-Hold
Sample Rate
Quantization
43. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Oversampling
Edit Decision List
dB/SPL
M-S Stereo
44. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
AoE Formats
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Successive Approximation
DVD-10
45. MPEG; Standardizing body of audio coding
Attenuation
Joint Stereo
DVD-14
Motion Pictures Experts Group
46. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
DVD-9
Analog
0 dB FS
DVD-18
47. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Square Wave
Micron
Codec
Decimation Filter
48. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Interleaved
X-Axis Terminology
Optical Cable
49. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Cutoff Frequency
Dithering
Square Wave
Dolby 5.1
50. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Square Wave
Variable Bit Rate
SACD
Analog