SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Oversampling
Lossless
Sampling Theorem
Fletcher- Munson Curve
2. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Codec
Interpolation Filter
Direct Stream Digital
Requirements for CD Audio
3. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Harmonic Content
Cutoff Frequency
6 dB
Pad Head & Tail
4. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
TOSLINK
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Micron
Morse Code
5. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
Spectrum Multiplication
Quantizer
DVD-Audio
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
6. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Buffer Size
dB/FS
7. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Quantization Error
Constant Bit Rate
Audio Engineering Society
Harmonic Content
8. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
Peak Level
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Intensity
Anti-Aliasing Filter
9. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Lightpipe
Sampling (Samples)
0 dB FS
Variable Bit Rate
10. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Masking Analysis...
Sampling (Samples)
Noise Shaping
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
11. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Pulse Density Modulation
dBFS
Algorithm
Ethernet
12. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
DVD-5
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Playback Buffering
13. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Harmonic Content
AoE Formats
DVD-5
DVD-9
14. Same as 'aliasing'
Bit Depth
Pulse Density Modulation
Foldover
Variable Bit Rate
15. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Bit Depth
SACD
Low-Latency Monitoring
Equal Loudness Contour
16. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Redither
DVD-5
SACD
Masking Analysis...
17. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Dolby 5.1
Ethernet
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
18. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
Sonogram
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Equal Loudness Contour
Nyquist Frequency
19. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Conversion Buffering
Square Wave
Algorithm
Harmonic Content
20. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Square Wave
Y-Axis Terminology
Oscillation
21. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Redither
Sample- and-Hold
Micron
Delta-Sigma Modulation
22. AES
Audio Engineering Society
Average Bit Rate
Psychoacoustics
X-Axis Terminology
23. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Noise Shaping
Sonogram
Joint Stereo
24. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
Buffer Size
Threshold of Pain
Voltage
Internal Resolution
25. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
Algorithm
Acoustics
Dolby 7.1
M-S Stereo
26. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Attenuation
DVD-9
Joint Stereo
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
27. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
Recording Levels
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Sine Wave
28. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Fourier Series
Glass Master
Direct Monitoring
Harry Nyquist
29. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Spectra
Lossy Formats
Cutoff Frequency
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
30. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Quantization Error
Foldover
Jitter
Anti-Aliasing Filter
31. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
I/O Connection Buffering
Jitter
EtherSound
CPU Buffering
32. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
DVD-9
Pass Band
dB/FS
Harry Nyquist
33. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
AES3
Pass Band
Convolution
Overflow
34. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Speed of Sound
DVD-18
Sine Wave
SACD
35. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Perceptual Coding
Word Clock
Lossy Formats
Logical Format
36. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Sine Wave
Intensity Stereo
Sample Rate
Physical Disc Format
37. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Coaxial
Sampling (Samples)
Resolution
Playback Buffering
38. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Pulse Density Modulation
Subbands
Bit Depth
SCMS
39. High Pressure - Part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together
Lossless Formats
Buffer Size
Compression
Subbands
40. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Interleaved
Voltage
Base 2 System
Cutoff Frequency
41. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Constant Bit Rate
M-S Stereo
Impulse Response
Redither
42. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Sample- and-Hold
Frames
Blu-Ray
Successive Approximation
43. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Equal Loudness Contour
Word Clock
Nyquist Frequency
Pulse Width Modulation
44. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
DVD-5
RMS
Dithering
AoE Formats
45. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Additive Synthesis...
Intensity
RMS
D/A Conversion
46. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
Average Bit Rate
Optical Cable
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Floating Point
47. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Perceptual Coding
Pulse Density Modulation
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Motion Pictures Experts Group
48. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
6 dB
RMS
Subbands
Intensity Stereo
49. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Quantizer
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Inter-Channel Redundancy
50. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Additive Synthesis...
Oversampling
Constant Bit Rate
Quantization Intervals