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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency






2. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






3. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






4. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics






5. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






6. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






7. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






8. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






9. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts






10. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






11. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






12. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.






13. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






14. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.






15. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






16. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






17. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






18. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






19. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






20. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input






21. (AES/EBU); 110O - 2- channel balanced digital audio cable with an XLR connection; NOT a mic cable!!






22. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently






23. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution






24. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm






25. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound






26. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission






27. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places






28. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec






29. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






30. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






31. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






32. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)






33. Same as 'aliasing'






34. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






35. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light






36. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing






37. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






38. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






39. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






40. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






41. Decibels Full Scale






42. AES






43. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC






44. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively






45. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






46. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency






47. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers






48. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)






49. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector






50. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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