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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Pulse Code Modulation
CobraNet
2 Dimensions of Sound
Pass Band
2. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Voltage
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Pulse Density Modulation
Interpolation Filter
3. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Noise Shaping
EtherSound
Average Bit Rate
TOSLINK
4. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Resolution
Speed of Sound
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Sampling (Samples)
5. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Intensity Stereo
Amplitude Accuracy
Lossless
Harmonic Content
6. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Intensity Stereo
Analog
Pass Band
7. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Digital Signal Processing
AES3
Aliasing
Decoder
8. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
DVD-18
Logical Format
Dolby 5.1
Lossless Formats
9. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Floating Point
6 dB
A/D Conversion
Normalizing
10. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Quantization
Cutoff Frequency
Voltage
Storage Conversion Steps
11. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Direct Stream Digital
CobraNet
RMS Meter
Aliasing
12. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Sine Wave
Lossless
Intensity Stereo
Fidelity
13. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Oversampling
RMS
SACD
Significand
14. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Joint Stereo
Buffering Locations
Quantization Intervals
Transfer Protocol
15. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Coaxial
Playback Buffering
Quantization Intervals
RMS
16. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
DVD-5
Intensity
Pulse Width Modulation
Constant Bit Rate
17. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Anti-Imaging Filter
Intensity
Psychoacoustics
Attenuation
18. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
Rarefaction
CPU Buffering
Direct Stream Digital
Base 2 System
19. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Decimation Filter
Direct Monitoring
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Logical Format
20. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Variable Bit Rate
Harry Nyquist
6 dB
21. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Dithering
Perceptual Coding
Digital
Sinusoidal
22. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Y-Axis Terminology
Quantization Intervals
Redither
Requirements for A/D Conversion
23. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Transfer Protocol
Blu-Ray
DVD-18
24. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Buffer Size
Nanometer
Intensity
Lossy Formats
25. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
A/D Conversion
Additive Synthesis...
Sampling (Samples)
Quantization Intervals
26. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Quantizer
Physical Disc Format
Square Wave
Intensity Stereo
27. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Decoder
Conversion Buffering
TOSLINK
Oversampling
28. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Quantization
Lossy Formats
Masking Analysis...
Average Bit Rate
29. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Pass Band
Buffering
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Fourier Series
30. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Optical Cable
Lossy Formats
Jitter
Index of Reflectivity
31. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Zero-Latency Monitoring
X-Axis Terminology
Delta-Sigma Modulation
D/A Conversion
32. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Aliasing
Additive Synthesis...
Intensity
Direct Monitoring
33. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Amplitude Accuracy
Sine Wave
Class - D Amplifier
34. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Logical Format
Successive Approximation
Buffering Locations
Low-Latency Monitoring
35. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Entropy Coding
Threshold of Hearing
Quantization Error
Buffering Locations
36. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Nyquist Frequency
Cutoff Frequency
AES3
Digital Signal Processing
37. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Aliasing
DVD-14
Bit Rate
Psychoacoustics
38. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Harry Nyquist
Bit Depth
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
39. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
DVD-14
Oscillation
MONO
Fletcher- Munson Curve
40. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Lossless Formats
Digital
Class - D Amplifier
41. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
Nyquist Frequency
Y-Axis Terminology
Ethernet
Effective Bit Depth
42. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
MONO
Transfer Protocol
Floating Point
Bit Depth
43. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Algorithm
AES3
Pad Head & Tail
Peak Level
44. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
M-S Stereo
Foldover
Footroom
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
45. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
SACD
Oversampling
CobraNet
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
46. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Fidelity
Pass Band
Sampling (Samples)
Frequency
47. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Sample Rate
Pulse Density Modulation
Successive Approximation
Y-Axis Terminology
48. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Intensity
Cutoff Frequency
Entropy Coding
Bit Depth
49. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
D/A Conversion
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Convolution
Micron
50. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Algorithm
Y-Axis Terminology
Dithering