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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
DVD-14
RMS Meter
EtherSound
Storage Conversion Steps
2. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Footroom
Dolby 5.1
Dynamic Range
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
3. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)
TOSLINK
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Threshold of Pain
Blu-Ray
4. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
Dynamic Range
Voltage
Lossless Formats
Physical Disc Format
5. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Sonogram
I/O Connection Buffering
6. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Sonogram
Dolby 5.1
Jitter
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
7. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Edit Decision List
Pulse Code Modulation
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Amplitude Accuracy
8. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Interpolation Filter
Sawtooth Wave
Redither
Spectra
9. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Frames
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Lossy Formats
Base 2 System
10. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Algorithm
Lossless Formats
Foldover
6 dB
11. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Oversampling
CobraNet
DVD-Audio
AoE Formats
12. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Algorithm
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Logical Format
13. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
Sampling (Samples)
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Quantization Intervals
14. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Ethernet
Blu-Ray
Micron
Intensity
15. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Sinusoidal
Convolution
Audio Engineering Society
TOSLINK
16. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
RMS Meter
Compression
Significand
DVD-9
17. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
Direct Stream Digital
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Blu-Ray
Resolution
18. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Redither
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Anti-Imaging Filter
Transfer Protocol
19. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Pass Band
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Normalizing
20. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Logical Format
Pass Band
Sawtooth Wave
Dithering
21. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Decimation Filter
Latency
Quantization Error
Lossless
22. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
dBFS
DVD-10
Buffering
Ethernet
23. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Sawtooth Wave
Resolution
Claude Shannon
Storage Conversion Steps
24. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
dB/SPL
Dithering
Subbands
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
25. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Pulse Width Modulation
M-S Stereo
Word Clock
dBFS
26. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
DVD-18
Effective Bit Depth
Overflow
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
27. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Aliasing
Harmonic Content
Spectrum Multiplication
2 Dimensions of Sound
28. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Headroom Bits
Spectrum Multiplication
Significand
Pulse Density Modulation
29. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
X-Axis Terminology
RMS Meter
Pulse Width Modulation
Dynamic Range
30. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Quantization Intervals
Blu-Ray
Psychoacoustics
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
31. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
Oversampling
Red Book
Decimation Filter
Compression
32. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
dBFS
Successive Approximation
Latency
Cutoff Frequency
33. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Decoder
Oversampling
Constant Bit Rate
Buffering
34. EBU
Compression
European Broadcasting Union
Audio Engineering Society
Threshold of Hearing
35. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Sampling Rule
Buffering Locations
RMS
Lossy
36. (Amplitude Based) Amplitude: Voltage; Quantization; Bit Depth; Quantization Intervals; Quantization Noise; [Signal:Quantization Noise Ratio]; Dither; Dynamic Range
Lossy Formats
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Sample Rate
Y-Axis Terminology
37. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Low-Latency Monitoring
Fidelity
Sample- and-Hold
Oversampling
38. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Requirements for CD Audio
Threshold of Hearing
Class - D Amplifier
Direct Monitoring
39. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Micron
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Intensity
dB/FS
40. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
Sampling (Samples)
DVD-14
RMS Meter
Quantizer
41. The process of reducing the space required to store data by efficiently encoding the content.
Jitter
Compression
M-S Stereo
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
42. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Significand
Index of Reflectivity
Claude Shannon
Dynamic Range
43. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Lossy Formats
TOSLINK
Decimation Filter
Quantization Intervals
44. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Quantization
MONO
Conversion Buffering
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
45. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Amplitude Accuracy
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Sine Wave
46. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
SACD
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Glass Master
Entropy Coding
47. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
DVD-Audio
Cutoff Frequency
Attenuation
Compression
48. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Gain Staging
Sine Wave
Sample- and-Hold
Low-Latency Monitoring
49. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Perceptual Coding
Redither
Nyquist Frequency
Joseph Fourier
50. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Codec
Cutoff Frequency
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Quantization Error
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