SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Convolution
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
D/A Conversion
Nyquist Frequency
2. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
Sampling Theorem
European Broadcasting Union
SACD
Digital Signal Processing
3. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
Bit Rate
SACD
Sampling Theorem
Foldover
4. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Cutoff Frequency
Sawtooth Wave
Direct Stream Digital
Joseph Fourier
5. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Spectrum Multiplication
Additive Synthesis...
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
6. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Attenuation
RMS
Micron
Anti-Aliasing Filter
7. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Intensity Stereo
Acoustics
Resolution
Claude Shannon
8. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
PCM
Micron
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
dB/SPL
9. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
dB/FS
Significand
Data Packing
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
10. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
Sample Rate
I/O Connection Buffering
Buffering
Constant Bit Rate
11. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
DVD-18
Pulse Density Modulation
Anti-Aliasing Filter
RMS
12. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path
Entropy Coding
Lossy Formats
Buffer Size
Gain Staging
13. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Joint Stereo
DVD-5
Bit Rate
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
14. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Class - D Amplifier
Oversampling
TOSLINK
Anti-Imaging Filter
15. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Impulse Response
Noise Shaping
Interpolation Filter
Floating Point
16. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
Square Wave
Sample Rate
Index of Reflectivity
17. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
Stapedes Reflex
Lightpipe
D/A Conversion
Glass Master
18. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Bit Depth
Oversampling
Glass Master
Joseph Fourier
19. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
D/A Conversion
dBFS
M-S Stereo
Edit Decision List
20. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Transfer Protocol
Quantization Intervals
Pulse Density Modulation
Dithering
21. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Claude Shannon
Headroom Bits
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
dB/SPL
22. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Intensity Stereo
Lightpipe
Direct Stream Digital
TOSLINK
23. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)
Anti-Imaging Filter
RMS
Direct Stream Digital
Codec
24. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Convolution
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Subbands
25. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Footroom
Algorithm
Attenuation
RMS
26. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
D/A Conversion
Spectrum Multiplication
Sinusoidal
Resolution
27. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
PCM
Storage Conversion Steps
Dolby 7.1
dBFS
28. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Lightpipe
Sine Wave
Oversampling
Dynamic Range
29. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode
Ethernet
Edit Decision List
Dolby 7.1
Decoder
30. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Direct Stream Digital
Claude Shannon
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Variable Bit Rate
31. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
AoE Formats
Amplitude Accuracy
Pulse Density Modulation
Noise Shaping
32. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Anti-Imaging Filter
Pulse Width Modulation
33. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Decoder
Spectrum Multiplication
A/D Conversion
2 Dimensions of Sound
34. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Sampling (Samples)
Compression
Fidelity
Lossless Formats
35. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
Pass Band
Overflow
Sample Rate
Buffering
36. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Nanometer
Jitter
Average Bit Rate
Quantization Error
37. Decibels Full Scale
Additive Synthesis...
dBFS
Subbands
Sinusoidal
38. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Analog
Blu-Ray
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
39. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Lossless Formats
Dolby 7.1
Successive Approximation
Lossless
40. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Edit Decision List
Sine Wave
Motion Pictures Experts Group
DVD-10
41. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Sample- and-Hold
Pass Band
Impulse Response
Harry Nyquist
42. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Cutoff Frequency
A/D Conversion
Spectra
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
43. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
0 dB FS
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Headroom Bits
Anti-Imaging Filter
44. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
6 dB
Class - D Amplifier
Dynamic Range
Lossy Formats
45. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience
Logical Format
CobraNet
Storage Conversion Steps
Dolby 5.1
46. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Digital Signal Processing
Sawtooth Wave
Photoreceptor
47. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Storage Conversion Steps
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Cutoff Frequency
DVD-9
48. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Sampling Theorem
Significand
Fourier Series
Index of Reflectivity
49. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Word Clock
Additive Synthesis...
SCMS
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
50. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Quantization Error
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Peak Level
DVD-9