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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Harmonic Content
Effective Bit Depth
Optical Cable
X-Axis Terminology
2. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Impulse Response
Amplitude Accuracy
2 Dimensions of Sound
Overflow
3. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Cutoff Frequency
Glass Master
Frequency
Variable Bit Rate
4. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Sinusoidal
Buffer Size
Dolby 7.1
Sample- and-Hold
5. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
Entropy Coding
Pulse Density Modulation
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Logical Format
6. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
M-S Stereo
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Threshold of Pain
Coaxial
7. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics
Oversampling
Rarefaction
Harmonic Content
Red Book
8. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Blu-Ray
Exponent
DVD-9
Average Bit Rate
9. Same as 'aliasing'
X-Axis Terminology
Foldover
SACD
Exponent
10. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
Frames
CobraNet
Oversampling
PCM
11. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Algorithm
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Sampling (Samples)
Peak Level
12. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Blu-Ray
Quantization Intervals
Sawtooth Wave
CobraNet
13. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
PCM
Bit Rate
Cutoff Frequency
Overflow
14. Removes high frequency images and noise and smoothes the stair case output coming from of the sample and hold circuit; Also called a SMOOTHING FILTER
EtherSound
A/D Conversion
Frames
Anti-Imaging Filter
15. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Frequency
Intensity Stereo
Nyquist Frequency
Threshold of Pain
16. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Headroom Bits
Additive Synthesis...
Sampling Theorem
Oscillation
17. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
X-Axis Terminology
Harmonic Content
Sampling (Samples)
Base 2 System
18. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Footroom
Analog
Base 2 System
19. AES
Masking Analysis...
PCM
Audio Engineering Society
Y-Axis Terminology
20. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Impulse Response
Direct Stream Digital
Intensity Stereo
Blu-Ray
21. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Latency
Internal Resolution
0 dB FS
22. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Y-Axis Terminology
Lossless
Digital Signal Processing
Speed of Sound
23. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Harry Nyquist
Claude Shannon
DVD-Audio
Lossless Formats
24. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Direct Monitoring
Anti-Imaging Filter
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Voltage
25. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Claude Shannon
Harry Nyquist
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Recording Levels
26. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
Spectrum Multiplication
Amplitude Accuracy
Playback Buffering
Effective Bit Depth
27. Leaving space at beginning and ending of song for data crunching during mastering; Last step in mastering process
Physical Disc Format
Pad Head & Tail
Transfer Protocol
Peak Level
28. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Dolby 5.1
Oscillation
Decimation Filter
29. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo
Glass Master
Requirements for CD Audio
Word Clock
Direct Stream Digital
30. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Exponent
European Broadcasting Union
Spectra
Lossless Formats
31. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
TOSLINK
Ethernet
Y-Axis Terminology
Average Bit Rate
32. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
DVD-10
Buffering Locations
Buffer Size
Rarefaction
33. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Oscillation
Pad Head & Tail
Exponent
Pass Band
34. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Micron
Joint Stereo
DVD-18
EtherSound
35. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
Low-Latency Monitoring
Lossy
AoE Formats
Noise Shaping
36. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Quantizer
Algorithm
Jitter
DVD-5
37. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Internal Resolution
Quantization
Additive Synthesis...
Spectrum Multiplication
38. The frequency range that is allowed through a filter
I/O Connection Buffering
Pass Band
Buffering Locations
Direct Stream Digital
39. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Fourier Series
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
DVD-18
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
40. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
dBFS
Red Book
Additive Synthesis...
Sample Rate
41. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Intensity
SACD
Convolution
Harmonic Content
42. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Dolby 7.1
Resolution
Aliasing
43. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Sinusoidal
Micron
Frames
Recording Levels
44. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Speed of Sound
Pulse Code Modulation
Compression
45. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
EtherSound
Dithering
AES3
Pass Band
46. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
RMS Meter
Compression
Ethernet
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
47. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Lightpipe
Buffering
DVD-14
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
48. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
CPU Buffering
Psychoacoustics
Exponent
Recording Levels
49. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Sonogram
Bit Depth
Acoustics
MONO
50. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Dolby 5.1
6 dB
Optical Cable
Effective Bit Depth