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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






2. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur






3. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)






4. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






5. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues






6. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






7. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






8. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






9. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available






10. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






11. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision






12. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it






13. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






14. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






15. 16-Bit; 44.1 kHz; PCM; Stereo






16. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






17. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform






18. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones






19. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude






20. Decibels Full Scale






21. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables






22. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement






23. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






24. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






25. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process






26. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector






27. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source






28. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






29. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format






30. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






31. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






32. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)






33. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate






34. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting






35. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






36. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth






37. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing






38. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






39. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






40. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






41. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






42. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path






43. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






44. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby






45. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






46. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code






47. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect






48. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






49. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction






50. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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