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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loudest point of a Full Scale system






2. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio






3. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz






4. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock






5. Describes acceptable data - performances both offered and essential for a disc player - and the complete user experience






6. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave






7. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






8. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples






9. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting






10. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






11. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






12. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector






13. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform






14. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






15. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software






16. AES






17. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






18. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






19. Overtones that contribute to the timbre of a sound and make up a complex waveform's physical characteristics






20. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored






21. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






22. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB






23. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal






24. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






25. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev






26. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission






27. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion






28. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






29. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision






30. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process






31. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file






32. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude






33. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






34. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter






35. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ






36. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio






37. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






38. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






39. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.






40. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range






41. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates






42. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude






43. Root Mean Square; Refers to taking the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes; Takes the average of those squares; (-6 Peak Level is approximately equal to -20 RMS)






44. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage






45. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.






46. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals






47. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon






48. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM






49. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.






50. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data







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