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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound
Sinusoidal
Psychoacoustics
Analog
Exponent
2. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Convolution
Sampling Theorem
Foldover
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
3. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency
Sampling (Samples)
Conversion Buffering
Sinusoidal
Direct Monitoring
4. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Joint Stereo
Nanometer
Conversion Buffering
5. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Sampling Theorem
Footroom
Data Packing
CobraNet
6. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Blu-Ray
Nyquist Frequency
Anti-Imaging Filter
Internal Resolution
7. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Spectra
Compression
A/D Conversion
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
8. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Resolution
Threshold of Pain
Transfer Protocol
Additive Synthesis...
9. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
Average Bit Rate
DVD-5
Square Wave
Voltage
10. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
dBFS
Sine Wave
Normalizing
Quantization Error
11. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Anti-Imaging Filter
Pulse Width Modulation
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Coaxial
12. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
CPU Buffering
2 Dimensions of Sound
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
dB/FS
13. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Lossy Formats
Ethernet
Dolby 7.1
Base 2 System
14. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Decimation Filter
Coaxial
Dithering
Normalizing
15. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Attenuation
Cutoff Frequency
Recording Levels
Direct Stream Digital
16. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Interpolation Filter
SACD
Impulse Response
Pulse Code Modulation
17. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Playback Buffering
Latency
Decoder
Lossless
18. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Pulse Density Modulation
Buffer Size
Successive Approximation
Redither
19. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Interleaved
Nyquist Frequency
Buffering Locations
Perceptual Coding
20. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Variable Bit Rate
Fourier Series
AoE Formats
Additive Synthesis...
21. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Nanometer
Digital
Dynamic Range
Ethernet
22. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Redither
Morse Code
Digital Signal Processing
23. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Joint Stereo
DVD-14
Interleaved
Bit Rate
24. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)
Lossless
2 Dimensions of Sound
Data Packing
Quantization Error
25. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Sonogram
AES3
Delta-Sigma Modulation
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
26. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Pulse Width Modulation
Sampling Theorem
Sampling Rule
Exponent
27. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Internal Resolution
Buffering
DVD-9
28. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Subbands
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Conversion Buffering
Psychoacoustics
29. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
Intensity
Internal Resolution
Playback Buffering
Fidelity
30. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR
Overflow
Data Packing
Lossless Formats
Aliasing
31. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
Lossy Formats
I/O Connection Buffering
Oscillation
EtherSound
32. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization
Quantization Error
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Quantization Intervals
DVD-14
33. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction
Entropy Coding
RMS
Aliasing
Quantization Error
34. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage
I/O Connection Buffering
Interleaved
Constant Bit Rate
Quantizer
35. AES
0 dB FS
Entropy Coding
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Audio Engineering Society
36. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Cutoff Frequency
DVD-18
Oversampling
37. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit
Cutoff Frequency
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Acoustics
Exponent
38. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Dithering
Speed of Sound
DVD-14
Sinusoidal
39. Same as 'aliasing'
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
DVD-9
Foldover
Noise Shaping
40. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Footroom
Transfer Protocol
Perceptual Coding
Lossy
41. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium
Decimation Filter
Dynamic Range
Attenuation
Low-Latency Monitoring
42. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters
I/O Connection Buffering
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Red Book
Direct Stream Digital
43. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored
Decoder
Conversion Buffering
Foldover
Pulse Density Modulation
44. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
PCM
Motion Pictures Experts Group
A/D Conversion
45. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
DVD-10
Quantization Intervals
PCM
Additive Synthesis...
46. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Footroom
dB/FS
Decimation Filter
47. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping
Headroom Bits
PCM
Blu-Ray
Sonogram
48. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Square Wave
dB/SPL
Ethernet
Codec
49. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3
Masking Analysis...
Requirements for CD Audio
Digital Signal Processing
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
50. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Quantization
Variable Bit Rate
Lossy Formats
TOSLINK
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