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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 7.95 GB; SS/DL






2. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly






3. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision






4. The amount of energy at each wavelength






5. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit






6. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






7. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby






8. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit






9. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.






10. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback






11. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes






12. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);






13. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3






14. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals






15. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media






16. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






17. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication






18. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






19. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)






20. The art of deciding where to place a processor in signal flow based on how that processor will be influenced by the other processors in the path






21. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






22. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track






23. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing






24. Circuit that interprets the meaning of the symbols as they were chosen and arranged by the encode






25. Same as 'aliasing'






26. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)






27. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel






28. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies






29. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input






30. 4.38 GB; SS/SL






31. Level above which audible sounds are painful (125 - 130 db)






32. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues






33. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio






34. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...






35. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.






36. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter






37. Low Pressure; Part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart






38. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase






39. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts






40. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa






41. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter






42. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






43. Have odd numbered harmonics






44. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places






45. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR






46. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency






47. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






48. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






49. The loudest point of a Full Scale system






50. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response







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