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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Lossless Formats
Oversampling
Buffering Locations
Joseph Fourier
2. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Spectra
Threshold of Pain
Sampling (Samples)
Constant Bit Rate
3. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Significand
Sinusoidal
Blu-Ray
Overflow
4. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Quantization Intervals
Buffering
Average Bit Rate
Significand
5. Only 2 digits used; The value of each place (ones - hundreds - etc.) are as follows from greatest to least: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1
Aliasing
Base 2 System
Quantization Error
Audio Engineering Society
6. Reference voltage determined by summing the voltage values of a predetermined number of previous samples; Numbers of 1 in row = waveform peak; Numbers of 0 in row = waveform trough; Basis of Sony's Direct Stream Digital (DSD)
SCMS
Quantization Intervals
Pulse Density Modulation
0 dB FS
7. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Redither
Threshold of Pain
Quantization
8. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
European Broadcasting Union
Jitter
Pulse Width Modulation
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
9. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly
A/D Conversion
Requirements for CD Audio
RMS
Audio Engineering Society
10. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Sample- and-Hold
Headroom Bits
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Subbands
11. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
Rarefaction
Sample Rate
Variable Bit Rate
Sawtooth Wave
12. 15.9 GB; DS/DL
AES3
Threshold of Pain
DVD-18
MONO
13. ABR; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are while also keeping bit rate within specified limits to avoid rebuffering
Overflow
Average Bit Rate
Anti-Aliasing Filter
Threshold of Pain
14. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Stapedes Reflex
Photoreceptor
Codec
Nanometer
15. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM
Effective Bit Depth
Dolby 7.1
Lossy Formats
Delta-Sigma Modulation
16. Have odd numbered harmonics
Conversion Buffering
Logical Format
Spectra
Square Wave
17. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Amplitude Accuracy
Headroom Bits
Quantizer
Blu-Ray
18. AES
Masking Analysis...
6 dB
Equal Loudness Contour
Audio Engineering Society
19. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal
Photoreceptor
Lossless
Lossy
Data Packing
20. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Sine Wave
Quantization
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Interleaved
21. The amount of energy at each wavelength
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Spectra
Optical Cable
0 dB FS
22. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Equal Loudness Contour
Decimation Filter
Aliasing
Micron
23. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
Playback Buffering
Successive Approximation
Floating Point
Noise Shaping
24. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
Sampling Rule
Overflow
Anti-Aliasing Filter
M-S Stereo
25. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Lossless
Buffering Locations
Bit Depth
Spectrum Multiplication
26. Measures the highest levels of a signal being recorded or mixed; Monitors for clipping - which occurs at 0dBFS); Does not always reflect perceived volume of signal
Harmonic Content
Peak Level
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Interleaved
27. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Micron
Quantization Intervals
Bit Rate
Quantization Error
28. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Aliasing
Jitter
Glass Master
Sampling Rule
29. Splits the input signal and mixes it with an analog copy so that no latency is present
Zero-Latency Monitoring
European Broadcasting Union
PCM
Compression
30. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Word Clock
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Gain Staging
DVD-14
31. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Buffering
Sampling (Samples)
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Glass Master
32. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Quantization
Exponent
Data Packing
Optical Cable
33. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
6 dB
0 dB FS
Pulse Width Modulation
Noise Shaping
34. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
RMS Meter
Codec
DVD-10
Acoustics
35. ADPCM; Pulse code modulation that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM; Records only the difference between samples
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Recording Levels
Footroom
36. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Amplitude Accuracy
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Morse Code
Sinusoidal
37. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Cutoff Frequency
Transfer Protocol
Spectra
Latency
38. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground
Coaxial
Word Clock
Audio Engineering Society
Dolby 7.1
39. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Joint Stereo
Pulse Code Modulation
Voltage
40. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Sampling (Samples)
Interpolation Filter
Base 2 System
Nyquist Frequency
41. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
DVD-10
Sampling Theorem
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
SACD
42. Measure of sound pressure over the frequency spectrum - for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Frequency
Equal Loudness Contour
Word Clock
43. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Recording Levels
PCM
Dolby 7.1
44. Decibels Full Scale
dBFS
DVD-9
Bit Rate
Data Packing
45. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Exponent
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Quantization
Impulse Response
46. Sony and Philips optical disc format; Utilizes sigma delta DSD to offer higher resolution; 1- bit; 2.8224 MHz; 6-Channel
SACD
Psychoacoustics
I/O Connection Buffering
Physical Disc Format
47. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Lossy
Amplitude Accuracy
Resolution
Speed of Sound
48. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Overflow
D/A Conversion
Word Clock
Jitter
49. Digital and analog processing capability is combined on a single microchip allowing for 1- bit resolution at high sample rates
Claude Shannon
Recording Levels
Transfer Protocol
Delta-Sigma Modulation
50. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Harmonic Content
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Jitter
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