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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Voltage
DVD-5
Oversampling
A/D Conversion
2. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Pulse Width Modulation
Class - D Amplifier
Threshold of Pain
Oversampling
3. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Sample- and-Hold
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
0 dB FS
Word Clock
4. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Variable Bit Rate
Frames
dB/FS
6 dB
5. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Successive Approximation
Convolution
X-Axis Terminology
Index of Reflectivity
6. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Square Wave
Footroom
Average Bit Rate
Codec
7. Decibels Full Scale
Effective Bit Depth
dBFS
Lossy Formats
Storage Conversion Steps
8. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
D/A Conversion
Redither
Frames
9. Joint-Stereo Technique; Since the human brain is unable to localize sounds at high frequencies well sounds above 9 kHz threshold are encoded in mono
Intensity Stereo
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Rarefaction
Additive Synthesis...
10. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required
Latency
Normalizing
Sampling Theorem
Redither
11. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Dithering
Pulse Width Modulation
Dolby 7.1
Intensity
12. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Digital Signal Processing
Effective Bit Depth
Convolution
Zero-Latency Monitoring
13. Ultra low- latency - 512- channel (on a gigabit network) - less flexible AoE format; Routed like audio cables...not network cables
Coaxial
Bit Rate
Impulse Response
EtherSound
14. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe
Rarefaction
Photoreceptor
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
Buffering
15. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
Morse Code
SCMS
Algorithm
Intensity Stereo
16. Measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form); There must be a minimum of 2 samples for each cycle in a waveform
Micron
Conversion Buffering
Sampling (Samples)
Requirements for CD Audio
17. Snippets of time in which frequency analysis takes place in a perceptual codec
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Constant Bit Rate
Direct Stream Digital
Frames
18. 12.33 GB; DS/ML
Stapedes Reflex
DVD-14
Entropy Coding
dB/FS
19. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Voltage
Spectrum Multiplication
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Sample- and-Hold
20. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Quantizer
Constant Bit Rate
Floating Point
Perceptual Coding
21. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Inter-Channel Redundancy
RMS
SCMS
Edit Decision List
22. The more bits allocated during quantization - the more accurate the measurement
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Psychoacoustics
Compression
Pad Head & Tail
23. Toshiba developed digital audio interface utilizes fiber optics as a transmission medium.
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
TOSLINK
Base 2 System
DVD-18
24. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
CobraNet
Blu-Ray
Peak Level
Harry Nyquist
25. Number or variable that represents the number of times the base of a power is used as a factor; Defines magnitude
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Exponent
Sampling Theorem
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
26. Playback; I/O Connections; CPU (Streaming); Conversion from DAW or Software
Logical Format
Compression
Buffering Locations
Quantization Intervals
27. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification
Storage Conversion Steps
Sampling Rule
Constant Bit Rate
Ethernet
28. Used when the reference pressure of a sound is 20 microPa (0.00002); Sound Pressure Level; Measure of amplitude
Interleaved
Buffering
dB/SPL
Cutoff Frequency
29. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Low-Latency Monitoring
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Zero-Latency Monitoring
30. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
DVD-10
Recording Levels
Playback Buffering
Lossy Formats
31. Describes various optical disc characteristics including the size and shape of the disc - the size of pits - the speed at which the disc spins - and a multitude of aspects regarding the specifications of the player itself
TOSLINK
Physical Disc Format
Sawtooth Wave
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
32. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Conversion Buffering
Floating Point
Constant Bit Rate
33. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
D/A Conversion
Physical Disc Format
Quantization
Index of Reflectivity
34. As sample rate is increased more room is created for a smoother slope of the attenuation band because Nyquist limit extends well beyond range of hearing with each increase
D/A Conversion
Speed of Sound
Index of Reflectivity
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
35. Take up half as many bits (50%); Algorithm can keep same quality by lossing the stereo track
Recording Levels
Interleaved
MONO
Coaxial
36. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Attenuation
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Variable Bit Rate
Fourier Series
37. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Edit Decision List
Floating Point
Jitter
Ethernet
38. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Masking Analysis...
Pulse Code Modulation
Joseph Fourier
6 dB
39. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution
Glass Master
Oversampling
dB/FS
Internal Resolution
40. Used as the main disc from which other discs are made; Composed of ground glass with a very fine photoresistor layer; An imaging laser burns pit and land patterns in preparation for duplication
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Digital
Glass Master
Sampling Rule
41. Defines the number of sample per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal; Governs the frequency response of digital audio
Constant Bit Rate
Sample Rate
Fourier Series
Effective Bit Depth
42. The act of a frequency swinging back and forth with a steady - uninterrupted rhythm
CobraNet
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Cutoff Frequency
Oscillation
43. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies
Sonogram
SCMS
dBFS
Compression
44. Waveform of a pure tone showing simple harmonic motion
Sampling (Samples)
Peak Level
Exponent
Sine Wave
45. Fractional part of a floating- point number; Also called the mantissa; Defines precision
Successive Approximation
CobraNet
Significand
Transfer Protocol
46. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'
dB/FS
Joint Stereo
6 dB
2 Dimensions of Sound
47. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
I/O Connection Buffering
Edit Decision List
Latency
Oscillation
48. Signal that uses variable voltage to create continuous waves resulting in an inexact transmission
EtherSound
Sampling (Samples)
Variable Bit Rate
Analog
49. EBU
European Broadcasting Union
Harry Nyquist
RMS Meter
Direct Stream Digital
50. A drive that can read and write on optical media that hold up to 50 GB on two layers; 24- bit/96 kHz for 8-Channel; 24- bit/192 kHz for 6-Channel
Quantization
Sampling Rule
Spectrum Multiplication
Blu-Ray