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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inner ear component that attaches to the stapes and helps to decrease the amplitude of vibrations; Causes the masking phenomenon
DVD-10
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Amplitude Accuracy
Stapedes Reflex
2. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Dynamic Range
6 dB
0 dB FS
Average Bit Rate
3. Allows for an internal sample rate at multiples of the input and output rates; Alleviates the need for steep 'brickwall' filters; Often combined with internal '1- bit' processing; Increases smoothing effect
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Oversampling
SCMS
Coaxial
4. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Impulse Response
Sampling (Samples)
Sawtooth Wave
Additive Synthesis...
5. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Red Book
Additive Synthesis...
Convolution
Digital Signal Processing
6. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Perceptual Coding
Jitter
Digital Signal Processing
Digital
7. Samples are duplicated and the playback sampling rate correspondingly increased; Significantly raises the Nyquist limit to a range well beyond human hearing; Processing 'pushes' the distortion resulting from quantization error into these higher frequ
M-S Stereo
Variable Bit Rate
Noise Shaping
Constant Bit Rate
8. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues
Variable Bit Rate
Intensity
0 dB FS
Index of Reflectivity
9. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
SACD
Sample- and-Hold
DVD-5
Lossy
10. Voltage -> Dither -> Anti-Aliasing (Low Pass Filter) -> Sample & Hold Circuit -> Successive Approximation/Quantizer --) 100111010 (PCM Audio File)
Conversion Buffering
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
2 Dimensions of Sound
11. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Floating Point
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Additive Synthesis...
Red Book
12. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Normalizing
X-Axis Terminology
Quantization Error
Overflow
13. Mixing data and control characters in a single operation
Dolby 5.1
Variable Bit Rate
A/D Conversion
Interleaved
14. (Time Based) Frequency: Aliasing; Anti-Aliasing Filter; Sample Rate; Nyquist Limit
X-Axis Terminology
Quantization Intervals
A/D Conversion
Footroom
15. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size
Compression
Codec
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Coaxial
16. Circuit that seizes voltage values with each tick of an A/D device's internal clock
Photoreceptor
Sample- and-Hold
Lossless
Word Clock
17. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Micron
Quantization Error
DVD-Audio
Cutoff Frequency
18. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Footroom
dBFS
Dynamic Range
Perceptual Coding
19. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response
Y-Axis Terminology
Index of Reflectivity
DVD-10
Sampling Rule
20. In order to play multiple channels at one time data is buffered as read to disk; Latency happens between play command & beginning of playback
RMS
Playback Buffering
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Buffering
21. EDL; Final list of samples used in the audio editing process; Identified by time code
Quantization
Attenuation
Lossy
Edit Decision List
22. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Decimation Filter
Digital Signal Processing
Jitter
23. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Impulse Response
6 dB
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Speed of Sound
24. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Conversion Buffering
Blu-Ray
Footroom
25. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Lossy
Quantization Error
Oversampling
DVD-9
26. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Sample- and-Hold
Spectra
Joseph Fourier
27. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Algorithm
Stapedes Reflex
Analog
Photoreceptor
28. RAM holds in memory audio data before it is transferred to the memory controller; Certain amount of data is processed before large amounts of data are streamed to prevent latency
D/A Conversion
Stapedes Reflex
RMS
Buffering
29. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
Aliasing
Joseph Fourier
SCMS
Significand
30. French mathematician that noted that any complex sound can be broken down into a series of component pure tones
Subbands
Joseph Fourier
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
31. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media
Perceptual Coding
Sample Rate
Class - D Amplifier
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
32. A frequency specified for a filter (digital or electronic) the marks the point at which the frequency content of a signal is altered +/- 3dB
Perceptual Coding
6 dB
Buffering
Cutoff Frequency
33. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Sample- and-Hold
Speed of Sound
Nyquist Frequency
DVD-10
34. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Delta-Sigma Modulation
Buffer Size
Sawtooth Wave
Harmonic Content
35. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Resolution
Blu-Ray
Peak Level
Speed of Sound
36. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
X-Axis Terminology
Constant Bit Rate
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Sampling (Samples)
37. Decibels Full Scale
Motion Pictures Experts Group
dBFS
Photoreceptor
0 dB FS
38. Having a repeated succession of waves or curves as in a sound waveform
Optical Cable
MONO
Sinusoidal
Direct Monitoring
39. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Interpolation Filter
Pulse Code Modulation
Photoreceptor
Jitter
40. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Frames
European Broadcasting Union
Dithering
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
41. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Floating Point
Oversampling
Significand
Requirements for CD Audio
42. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
AoE Formats
Quantizer
Coaxial
Lightpipe
43. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Joseph Fourier
Frequency
Exponent
Speed of Sound
44. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Sample Rate
Nanometer
2 Dimensions of Sound
RMS Meter
45. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Buffer Size
Quantization Intervals
Low-Latency Monitoring
DVD-9
46. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated
I/O Connection Buffering
DVD-Audio
A/D Conversion
DVD-14
47. If a signal is sampled at a rate higher than twice the highest significant signal frequency and at evenly spaced intervals - then the samples contain all the information of the original signal
MONO
Coaxial
Sampling Theorem
Intensity Stereo
48. Difference in brightness between land and pit on a CD Physical Format
Buffer Size
Lossless
Speed of Sound
Index of Reflectivity
49. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Requirements for CD Audio
Stapedes Reflex
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Frequency
50. A time regulator that makes all samples and bits to align when working with interconnected digital devices; Basically a signal that all of the digital devices refer to when operating.
Word Clock
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Pad Head & Tail
Perceptual Coding