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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Anti-Aliasing Filter
AoE Formats
Sonogram
2. Digital (binary) measurements of how long each pulse is either on or off; Width of increasing voltage or decreasing voltage is assigned a 1 or 0 respectively
Pulse Width Modulation
2 Dimensions of Sound
Equal Loudness Contour
D/A Conversion
3. Very quiet digital amplifier that produces a series of output pulses with the audio signal coded the same as the width of the output pulses; Pulses are used to represent wave forms and are either on or off; Intense signals have long pulses with short
Compression
Class - D Amplifier
Nanometer
Rarefaction
4. The elapsed time it takes for a packet of data to arrive at its destination; Lagging or pause of an audio signal as digital processing occurs; Can be managed utilizing several forms of 'audio monitoring'
Spectra
Latency
Internal Resolution
Sampling Rule
5. Based on Full Scale (dB/FS); -6dB represents a loss of one bit so account for this when calculating
Decimation Filter
Equal Loudness Contour
Effective Bit Depth
Audio over Ethernet (AoE)
6. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Base 2 System
Fourier Series
DVD-14
Masking Analysis...
7. A method of representing real numbers using a mantissa and an exponent
Convolution
Sawtooth Wave
Floating Point
Joint Stereo
8. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter
Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF)
Recording Levels
CobraNet
D/A Conversion
9. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Sample- and-Hold
Footroom
Dithering
Harmonic Content
10. AES
Storage Conversion Steps
Threshold of Pain
Successive Approximation
Audio Engineering Society
11. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
European Broadcasting Union
Dithering
Claude Shannon
Motion Pictures Experts Group
12. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Transfer Protocol
Pulse Code Modulation
Quantization
Spectra
13. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Voltage
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Dynamic Range
Dolby 5.1
14. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);
Pad Head & Tail
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Decimation Filter
Attenuation
15. A sample- by- sample operation on two signals
Convolution
CPU Buffering
Fourier Series
Sampling Rule
16. Method used in digital recording and reproduction in which a signal is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers
Bit Depth Effect on Dynamic Range
Pulse Code Modulation
Audio Engineering Society
Direct Monitoring
17. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
Quantization Intervals
Internal Resolution
Threshold of Pain
Square Wave
18. Process of building a complex tone by starting with the fundamental frequency and adding pure tone harmonics
Additive Synthesis...
Frames
Buffering Locations
Data Packing
19. 7.95 GB; SS/DL
Quantizer
DVD-9
Buffering Locations
Lightpipe
20. 12cm plastic disc; 1.2mm thick; One- sided; Red Laser; 1.6 microns between tracks; 125 nanometer pits
M-S Stereo
Red Book
Dynamic Range
Compression
21. A network communications protocol that specifies how machines will exchange data; Uses a broadcast system in which one machine transmits its message on the communication medium and the other machines listen for messages directed to them
MONO
Playback Buffering
Edit Decision List
Ethernet
22. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks
Threshold of Pain
Buffering
Decimation Filter
CobraNet
23. CBR; Codecs encodes data at a constant rate regardless of density of the audio file
Variable Bit Rate
Joint Stereo
Voltage
Constant Bit Rate
24. Very selective method of lowering buffer levels by halting different levels of audio processing
Footroom
Physical Disc Format
Bit Rate
Low-Latency Monitoring
25. HD Audio format; Lossless Compression; 24- bit/96 kHz; 5.1 Surround or 24- bit / 192 kHz stereo sound
DVD-Audio
Buffer Size
AoE Formats
Micron
26. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Y-Axis Terminology
RMS Meter
Foldover
Rarefaction
27. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
Threshold of Hearing
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
Frequency
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
28. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
Variable Bit Rate
Rarefaction
Oversampling
Masking Analysis...
29. Multi-Bit Words; (Pulse Code Modulation)
Zero-Latency Monitoring
PCM
Threshold of Pain
Sine Wave
30. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Algorithm
Effective Bit Depth
Exponent
Ethernet
31. Data is transmitted over fiber optic lines; Uses a TOSLINK connecter instead of an RCA type; Can transmit multi- channel audio; Not susceptible to ground hum and loops; Able to support far higher rates of data transfer over greater distances than coa
Optical Cable
Pulse Density Modulation
Logical Format
EtherSound
32. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby
Playback Buffering
Interleaved
X-Axis Terminology
Dolby 7.1
33. Unit of measurement that is equal to one millionth of a meter
Lossy Formats
Micron
Internal Resolution
Anti-Aliasing Filter
34. Data reduction technique that selectively removes original information in order to significantly reduce the file size; Some data is lost; Files can be reduced up to 99% in size (90% with no perceived sound quality loss); Bit rate effects the perceive
Nanometer
Lossy
Frequency
MONO
35. EBU
European Broadcasting Union
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Word Clock
Ethernet
36. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Dolby 7.1
Sine Wave
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Gain Staging
37. Measure of the amplitude of a longitudinal wave
Pad Head & Tail
Intensity
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Photoreceptor
38. Smallest interval measurable by a scientific instrument; Defined by bit rate (sample rate x bit depth)
Lossy
Tascam Digital Interface Format (TDIF)
Bit Rate
Resolution
39. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values
Anti-Imaging Filter
Speed of Sound
Digital
Equal Loudness Contour
40. Sum of all harmonics; Sum of sine and cosine waves which have frequencies f - 2f - 3f - 4f...
Fidelity
Fourier Series
Pulse Code Modulation
Interpolation Filter
41. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Dithering
Edit Decision List
Blu-Ray
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
42. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Index of Reflectivity
Codec
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
dBFS
43. Contains all even and odd harmonics associated with a fundamental tone - making it a rich source for modeling other sounds; Amplitude of each overtone decreases exponentially as a ratio of the harmonic's frequency to that of the fundamental
D/A Conversion
Spectra
Masking Analysis...
Sawtooth Wave
44. Rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; Expressed in volts
Voltage
Base 2 System
Sampling Theorem
Storage Conversion Steps
45. Algorithm uses matrix of a mid/side microphone pair to determine a side signal & that signal is reduced then distributed as code in stereo
Bit Rate
M-S Stereo
Blu-Ray
Bit Depth
46. 4.38 GB; SS/SL
CPU Buffering
Digital
DVD-5
Motion Pictures Experts Group
47. Number of bits used to represent the smallest unit of information in an audio file; Greater bit depth = better quality audio
Requirements for CD Audio
Bit Depth
Threshold of Hearing
CPU Buffering
48. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur
Low-Latency Monitoring
dB/FS
DVD-10
Oscillation
49. 'Reconstructing' part of digital audio
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Coaxial
Intensity
D/A Conversion
50. Each bit in the bit depth is equal to a _____ increase in dynamic range
Footroom
A/D Conversion
Sampling (Samples)
6 dB