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Digital Audio

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Branch of psychology concerned with the subjective perception of sound






2. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample






3. Signal conversions are mixed with playback tracks resulting in near-zero latency






4. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels






5. 1st commercially successful AoE format for the transmission of digital audio - video - and control signals over 64- channel 100Mbps Ethernet networks






6. The ability of a digital system to perform complex DSP without running into problems with overflow or loss of resolution






7. Data transmission protocol over which computer network traffic travels; Poorly suited to real- time transmission but numerous attempts have been made to harness the technology because of its flexible routing; Uses simple Cat5 cabling; Resists interfe






8. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet






9. 4.38 GB; SS/SL






10. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital






11. Cable used to transmit data; Inner cable is surrounded by a plastic insulator - which is surrounded by a wire mesh conductor that insulates the internal signal wire from external interference and an outer casing that functions as a ground






12. 8- in/8- out on one cable; 25- pin D- sub connector






13. Eight channel digital surround sound system by Dolby






14. Reduces A/D sample rate from the oversampled rate to nominal rate by turning series of one- bit samples into a series of multi- bit PCM samples; (ex. => 2.8MHz sample rate converted to 44.1kHz and simultaneously converts 1-Bit samples to multi- bit);






15. Industry Standards: -6 dB Peak = -20 RMS Meter






16. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter






17. Data reduction technique that does not effect quality of original audio; No effect on original quality; Typically around 50% reduction; Exact reconstruction of digital code for the audio signal






18. Anytime bit depth is reduced the gap gets bigger so more dithering is required






19. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency






20. VBR; Most common & best data reduction technique; Codecs that encode data by determining how dense or sparse areas of the audio are; Can result in buffering issues






21. Method of representing an acoustic quantity with a series of binary numbers; Can have only specific individually distinct values






22. The mathematics - algorithms - and the techniques used to manipulate signals after they have been converted to digital form






23. More aggressive lossy data reduction techniques that require further manipulation of the stereo field; Examples are 'Intensity' & 'M-S'






24. How Loud (Y-Axis) & How Fast (X-Axis)






25. Visual graph that shows how loud a sound is at different frequencies






26. Twice as many samples as the highest frequency at minimum; Sampling rate totally controls frequency response






27. 1.) Bit Rate x Sample Rate (you'll get b/sec) 2.) Multiply by 60 if converting seconds to minutes 3.) Divide by 8 to convert bits to Bytes and get B/min 4.) Divide by 1 -024 to get KB/min and keep doing it until you get desired bit rate specification






28. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;






29. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal






30. Uses entropy coding as the basis; Computer data compression algorithm that packages files such as .ZIP & .RAR






31. Occurs as data is assembled into meaningful bits or information and as left & right channels are separated






32. Eliminates frequencies above the Nyquist limit from becoming samples; Occurs prior to quantization






33. Most significant lossless coding technique in current use; Measure of disorder in which long strings of data are represented by short symbols and uses the shortest symbols to represent the most common repetitive audio data maximizing data reduction






34. Measuring equipment in A/D conversion that processes voltage and provides a value for that voltage






35. AES






36. 15.9 GB; DS/DL






37. The frequency above or below which attenuation begins in a filter circuit






38. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting






39. Same as 'aliasing'






40. Psychoacoustic model of data reduction used for general audio compression that aims to transmit only features perceptible to the human ear; Useful for mastering streaming media






41. The continuous loss of signal strengths as a signal travels through a medium






42. Sony sigma- delta modulation based technology that bypasses the decimation and interpolation steps found in PCM converters






43. DAW's and software must buffer when converting or bouncing and this latency can add up if not monitored






44. 'Capturing' part of digital audio; Never captures a signal perfectly






45. 8.75 GB; DS/SL






46. Full Scale; Type of metering that measures level in digital recording system; Recording and Mixing levels should NEVER exceed 0dB FS in digital audio or clipping will occur






47. Built into DAWs; Bits are added when signals are mixed together to avoid clipping






48. Computer program or device capable of encoding and/or decoding a digital data stream with the end result being a reduced file size






49. Single- pin RCA cable or fiber- optic TOSLINK connector used for digital transfer; 75O coaxial - 2- channel unbalanced; 'Consumer' format of AES3






50. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding); MP3; RA; WMA; OGG Vorbis; Dolby Digital/AC-3; DTS; ADPCM







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