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Test your basic knowledge |
Digital Audio
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pertaining to hearing or sound; Combination of the intensity of air pressure molecules with amplitude
Acoustics
Buffer Size
Lossy Formats
Quantization
2. The number of compressions or rarefactions in one second; The higher the frequency the more compressions & rarefactions per second; Measured in Hertz
Frequency
Pulse Code Modulation
Requirements for A/D Conversion
Interleaved
3. Also known as equal loudness curves; Graph that indicates the average ear sensitivity to different frequencies at different SPL levels (as volume increases - these curves flatten out)
European Broadcasting Union
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Algorithm
4. Lossless Format; Can hold up to 25GB on a single- layer disc and 50GB on a dual- layer disc
AES3
Blu-Ray
RMS Meter
Sample- and-Hold
5. The difference in volume between the loudest and quietest sounds of a source
Dynamic Range
Glass Master
Motion Pictures Experts Group
Subbands
6. Based on psychoacoustics - these are the basis of frequency analysis for a perceptual codec;
Cutoff Frequency
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
Subbands
6 dB
7. Subtract place values from the decimal number and place ones or zeros in the correct places
Joint Stereo
Sawtooth Wave
Attenuation
Decimal- to-Binary Conversion
8. Increases D/A sample rate from nominal rate to oversampling rate by turning series multi- bit PCM samples into 1- bit samples; (ex. => 44.1kHz sample rate converted to 2.8MHz and simultaneously converts multi- bit samples to 1- bit); Low Pass Filter
Quantization Error
AES3
Direct Stream Digital
Interpolation Filter
9. Stores only one copy of a stereo signal and assigns it to both channels in order to save 50% of original bandwidth
Aliasing
Inter-Channel Redundancy
Recording Levels
Dolby 7.1
10. A digital filter's time domain output sequence when the input is a single sample is input
Additive Synthesis...
Morse Code
Fletcher- Munson Curve
Impulse Response
11. Allowance of noise floor below that which is required for the final product
Ethernet
Physical Disc Format
Footroom
Threshold of Pain
12. High channel count; 64 channels on one cable; Coaxial cable with BNC connector or fiber optic with ST1 connector
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Codec
DVD-14
Fidelity
13. Roughly around 1 -130 ft/s
Joseph Fourier
Digital Signal Processing
Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation
Speed of Sound
14. When recording you want the smallest buffer available; When mixing you want the largest buffer available
Entropy Coding
2 Dimensions of Sound
Decoder
Buffer Size
15. A situation where a calculated value cannot fit into the number of digits reserved for it
Joint Stereo
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
Overflow
Headroom Bits
16. Number of bits per second processed when sampling sound; (Sampling Rate x Bit Depth) = Resolution
Acoustics
Bit Rate
Dithering
Fidelity
17. Apple Lossless; Windows Media Lossless; DTS HD Master Audio; Dolby True HD; FLAC
Lossless Formats
TOSLINK
Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
18. Perceptual coding technique that uses louder sounds of a similar frequency to decide what information is to be saved during data reduction
Sampling (Samples)
Sonogram
Masking Analysis...
0 dB FS
19. More accuracy in low amplitudes and less in higher amplitudes
Harmonic Content
Sinusoidal
Sonogram
Amplitude Accuracy
20. Father of modern information theory; Solidified the Nyquist Theory by adding the concept that bits per second (binary representation of audio signals) must be at equal intervals to accurately represent data
Claude Shannon
Lossy
Effective Bit Depth
Coaxial
21. Found that aliasing was always a problem no matter how fast you sample; Less data recorded but more accurate; 2 samples per wave length.
Sonogram
Cutoff Frequency
Harry Nyquist
Harmonic Content
22. The loudest point of a Full Scale system
CPU Buffering
0 dB FS
MONO
Recording Levels
23. Governs the frequency response of a digital system; The highest- frequency component that can be captured with a sampling rate; always 1/2 of sampling rate; Also called the limiting frequency
Storage Conversion Steps
I/O Connection Buffering
Nyquist Frequency
TOSLINK
24. CobraNet; EtherSound; Dante; AVB (currently under development)
AoE Formats
Glass Master
Voltage
Lossy
25. Accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal
M-S Stereo
6 dB
Fidelity
Logical Format
26. Series of dots and dashes representing the letters of the alphabet; Most common letters are represented by the shortest dots and dashes; Example of entropy coding
PCM
Normalizing
Morse Code
Footroom
27. 1.) Taking a series of evenly- spaced measurements 2.) Signal contains no frequency components higher than half the sample rate
Lightpipe
Square Wave
Interleaved
Requirements for A/D Conversion
28. Amplitude meter that takes the square root of all instantaneous amplitudes and averages them to find a mean and squares that value; Useful with particularly complex waveforms
Voltage
Compression
RMS Meter
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
29. Signal voltage is relayed to a register from sample- and - hold circuit; Holds reference frequencies in binary form that decrease in value; Finds approximated value & assigns binary number accordingly
Overflow
0 dB FS
Successive Approximation
Anti-Imaging Filter
30. Reduces the percieved distortion due to quantization error; Low level white noise source is introduced to make the profile of the quantization 'noise' more irregular; Useful when reducing the number of bits per word in a signal (i.e. when converting
Audio Engineering Society
Dithering
TOSLINK
Intensity Stereo
31. Increases or decreases the digital signal so that the loudest sample is brought up to 0dBfs; Uses all bits from dynamic range and makes it even from track to track
Sample Rate Effect on Anti-Aliasing
Frequency
Logical Format
Normalizing
32. Process that begins with a fast FFT analysis of the spectra of two input signals - then the multiplication of like frequencies - and IFFT to finalize the process
Micron
0 dB FS
Spectrum Multiplication
Attenuation
33. Electromagnetic receptor that detects the radiation known as visible light
Floating Point
Physical Disc Format
Photoreceptor
Fidelity
34. Discrete incremental distinctions made between the value of one sample and the next; Breaks down bit depth into a series of evenly spaced intervals
DVD-18
DVD-5
Quantization Intervals
Subbands
35. Ratio of magnitude of the analytical signal to the magnitude of the background noise signal
Signal- to- Noise Ratio
Spectrum Multiplication
Entropy Coding
Lossy
36. Softest sound that can be heard by the average human ear (0 dB)
SACD
Threshold of Hearing
Dolby 7.1
Effective Bit Depth
37. Specific set of instructions for carrying out a data reduction technique that determines how to 'save' binary data information efficiently
Fidelity
Noise Shaping
Algorithm
Equal Loudness Contour
38. The set of rules that computers use to move files from one computer to another on an internet
Masking Analysis...
Sine Wave
Transfer Protocol
Stapedes Reflex
39. ADAT Optcal; 8- in/8- out on two cables; Fiber- optic - TOSLINK connector
Lightpipe
Analog
Internal Resolution
Compression
40. Digital Word -> Series of Resistors (each with assigned charges) -> Sample- and-Hold Circuit -> Anti-Imaging Filter (Smoothing Filter) -> Reconstructed Sample
Overflow
Effective Bit Depth
Stapedes Reflex
D/A Conversion Signal Flow
41. 8.75 GB; DS/SL
Successive Approximation
DVD-10
Anti-Imaging Filter
PCM
42. Represents the amplitude component of the digital sampling process; Technique of incrementing a continuous analog event into a discrete set of binary digits (bits)
Quantization
Rarefaction
Zero-Latency Monitoring
Audio Engineering Society
43. Improper (false) sampling of high frequencies that cause much lower frequencies to be produced when the audio is reconstructed; Foldover happens at higher frequencies as harmonics reach levels that exceed the Nyquist limit.
DVD-14
Harry Nyquist
Aliasing
Motion Pictures Experts Group
44. Sample Rate x Bit Depth x # of Channels
Frames
Quantization
Non -Compressed Audio Data Rate Formula
0 dB FS
45. Channels are processed one at a time and the results are stored on multiple CPU buffers that alternately send data as DAW requests the data for playback; First few seconds are relayed to the buffer prior to processing and playback and it continuously
CPU Buffering
Digital Signal Processing
A/D Conversion Signal Flow
Class - D Amplifier
46. Deviation from a normal - steady pulse or tick of a clock that contributes to misrepresentation of a signal; Result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one dev
Jitter
Sample- and-Hold
I/O Connection Buffering
SCMS
47. The difference between the analog value and the approximated digital value due to the 'rounding' that occurs while converting the analog signal to digital
Interleaved
RMS Meter
Floating Point
Quantization Error
48. Unit of measurement that is equal to one billionth of a meter
Nanometer
Sawtooth Wave
Resolution
Pulse Width Modulation
49. Six channel (five speakers and one subwoofer for bass) digital surround sound system by Dolby
Dolby 5.1
Jitter
Oscillation
European Broadcasting Union
50. Method of sampling data at a higher resolution (higher sample rate) as a means of reducing harmonic content during D/A conversion; (x2) oversampling gets rid of all odd harmonic content
D/A Conversion
Jitter
Oversampling
Conversion Buffering