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Test your basic knowledge |
Django Queryset
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Study First
Subject
:
it-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If you pickle a QuerySet - this will force all the results to be loaded into memory prior to pickling. When you unpickle a QuerySet - it contains the results at the moment it was pickled - rather than the results that are currently in the database.
primary_key
Restrictions on field names
values(*fields)
pickling
2. This object encapsulates a collection of keyword arguments - with the keys being field lookup types. These objects can be combined using the & and | operators - as well as negated with the ~ operator.
==
Q()
get_or_create(**kwargs)
Model metadata
3. Lookup type that takes either True or False and corresponds to SQL queries of IS NULL and IS NOT NULL - respectively.
year
isnull
lt
reverse()
4. Here - you can't use add - create - or assignment (i.e. - beatles.members = [...]) to create relationships. You need to specify all the detail for the relationship required by the intermediate model.
Manager methods
Entry.objects.filter(id__gt=4)
help_text
Many-to-many relationship through an intermediate model
5. This represents a collection of objects from your database. It can have zero - one or many filters.
values_list(*fields)
QuerySet
unique
iterator()
6. Keyword shortcut for looking up an object by primary key.
relationship spanning
pk
Field lookups
Entry.objects.filter(id__gt=4)
7. Returns the object matching the given lookup parameters
get(**kwargs)
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2007).update(headline='Everything is the same')
blank
iendswith
8. If True - this field is the primary key for the model.
iendswith
primary_key
clear() method
&
9. The database that will be used if this query is executed now
add()
lt
db
get(**kwargs)
10. This method immediately deletes the object and has no return value.
filter(**kwargs)
clear() method
delete()
reverse()
11. This is a criterion that narrow down a QuerySet based on given parameters.
filter
F()
__unicode__()
when you add new apps to INSTALLED_APPS
12. This style of inheritanc is useful when you're subclassing an existing model (perhaps something from another application entirely) and want each model to have its own database table. Here - each model in the hierarchy is a model all by itself.
latest(field_name=None)
year
Multi-table inheritance
filter(**kwargs)
13. Lookup type that returns results that fall into an inclusive date range.
unique
contains
range
lt
14. Lookup type that finds a case-insensitive regular expression match.
get(**kwargs)
model
iregex
Model metadata
15. This method is more or less the opposite of defer(). You call it with the fields that should not be deferred when retrieving a model. If you have a model where almost all the fields need to be deferred - using this method to specify the complementary
lte
==
only(*fields)
search
16. Returns an integer representing the number of objects in the database matching the QuerySet. This never raises exceptions.
Many-to-many relationship through an intermediate model
in_bulk(id_list)
count()
search
17. This query finds all entries with an id in the list [1 - 3 - 4]
db
help_text
class attributes
Entry.objects.filter(id__in=[1 - 3 - 4])
18. In this case - an intermediate model can have multiple foreign keys to the source model. Here - two foreign keys to the same model are permitted - but they will be treated as the two (different) sides of the many-to-many relation.
Many-to-many relationship to self
OneToOneField
range
latest(field_name=None)
19. Lookup type that returns results greater than a given value.
default
all()
gte
gt
20. Exception raised by get(**kwargs) if no items match the query.
save()
DoesNotExist
iendswith
&
21. Lookup type that returns results greater than or equal to a given value.
using(alias)
gte
filter(**kwargs)
iendswith
22. Disjunction operator for Q objects.
|
Field lookups
update(**kwargs)
DoesNotExist
23. Fields are specified by these
Q()
Entry.objects.all().update(n_pingbacks=F('n_pingbacks') + 1)
class attributes
unique
24. Exception raised by get(**kwargs) if more than one item matches the query.
distinct()
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2007).update(headline='Everything is the same')
MultipleObjectsReturned
Q(question__startswith='Who') | ~Q(pub_date__year=2005)
25. A QuerySet is iterable - and it executes its database query the first time you iterate over it.
filter(**kwargs)
iexact
iteration
lte
26. restrictions on ________: (1) Your intermediate model must contain one - and only one - foreign key to the target model. (2) Your intermediate model must contain one - and only one - foreign key to the source model. (3) When defining a many-to-many r
Meta class
when you add new apps to INSTALLED_APPS
extra(select=None - where=None - params=None - tables=None - order_by=None - select_params=None)
intermediate models
27. This model method saves a model instance to the database. This method has no return value.
intermediate models
save()
exact
count()
28. A manager method which returns a single object. If there are no results that match the query - this method will raise a DoesNotExist exception. If more than one item matches this query - the method will raise MultipleObjectsReturned.
endswith
ManyToManyField
id field
get(**kwargs)
29. Returns True if the QuerySet contains any results - and False if not. This tries to perform the query in the simplest and fastest way possible - but it does execute nearly the same query. This means that calling this method on a queryset is faster th
reverse name
ordered
exists()
one-to-one relationship
30. Negation operator for Q objects.
~
ManyToManyField
pickling
related_name
31. These are specified as keyword arguments to the QuerySet methods filter() - exclude() and get(). These take the form field__lookuptype=value .
Field lookups
id field
iterator()
only(*fields)
32. This query updates all the headlines with pub_date in 2007 to read 'Everything is the same'.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
33. This method is for controlling which database the QuerySet will be evaluated against if you are using more than one database. The only argument this method takes is the alias of a database - as defined in DATABASES.
Model metadata
using(alias)
db
pickling
34. Evaluates the QuerySet (by performing the query) and returns an iterator over the results. A QuerySet typically caches its results internally so that repeated evaluations do not result in additional queries; this method will instead read results dire
iterator()
range
gte
startswith
35. This tells Django how to calculate the URL for an object. Django uses this in its admin interface - and any time it needs to figure out a URL for an object.
distinct()
Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2007).update(headline='Everything is the same')
ManyToManyField
get_absolute_url()
36. Manager method used to retrieve every object in a model.
aggregate(args - *kwargs)
update()
all()
day
37. To activate your models
relationship spanning
edit your settings file and change the INSTALLED_APPS setting to add the name of the module that contains your models.py.
filter(**kwargs)
exclude(**kwargs)
38. Takes the ouput of one filter and uses it as input for another filter. This works because a refinement of a QuerySet is itself a QuerySet.
filter chaining
&
values_list(*fields)
dates(field - kind - order='ASC')
39. This query finds all entries with an id greater than 4.
extra(select=None - where=None - params=None - tables=None - order_by=None - select_params=None)
month
iteration
Entry.objects.filter(id__gt=4)
40. True if the QuerySet has an order_by() clause or a default ordering on the model. False otherwise.
update()
dates(field - kind - order='ASC')
aggregate(args - *kwargs)
ordered
41. Specifies the model that will be used to govern the many-to-many relationship. You can then put extra fields on the intermediate model. The intermediate model is associated with the ManyToManyField using this to point to the model that will act as an
|
through argument
MultipleObjectsReturned
create(**kwargs)
42. Used to get a QuerySet for a model. This is called 'objects' by default.
&
Q()
Manager
pk
43. Defined by a ManyToManyField. You use it just like any other Field type: by including it as a class attribute of your model.
clear() method
filter
many-to-many relationship
Multi-table inheritance
44. If this option is True - Django will store empty values as NULL in the database. Default is False.
all()
null
in_bulk(id_list)
class attributes
45. Evaluation happens upon use the "step" parameter of slice syntax - the first time you iterate over it - when pickling or caching results - upon calling repr() - upon calling len() - upon calling list() - upon calling bool()
evaluation
endswith
filter(**kwargs)
pk
46. Lookup type that returns results with a case-insensitive end sequence.
pickling
iendswith
aggregate(args - *kwargs)
choices tuple
47. This model type is useful if you only want to modify the Python-level behavior of a model - without changing the models fields in any way. This creates a stand-in for the original model. You can create - delete and update instances of this new model
Proxy model
Multi-table inheritance
Manager methods
select_related()
48. Returns a copy of the current QuerySet (or QuerySet subclass you pass in). This can be useful in some situations where you might want to pass in either a model manager or a QuerySet and do further filtering on the result. You can safely call all() on
pickling
all()
month
contains
49. This method returns tuples of values when iterated over. Each tuple contains the value from the respective field passed into the call to this method -- so the first item is the first field - etc.
choices tuple
values_list(*fields)
pickling
day
50. (1) These cannot be Python reserved words - because that would result in a Python syntax error. (2) These cannot contain more than one underscore in a row - due to the way Django's query lookup syntax works.
|
Manager methods
Restrictions on field names
F()
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