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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Clear cutting - Strip cutting - selective cutting
Types of forestry
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Genetically modified food
2. The uniform planting of a single crop
Food security
Sustainable Forestry
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Monoculture
3. Fertilizers - promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus; increases crop yield - Combines/Machinery - allows farmers to work much faster and more efficiently; increases crop yield - Pesticides - kill insects - p
Undernourishment
Agricultural revolution and technology
Pest management
Monoculture
4. Locally-based socio-economic model of agriculture and food distribution. also refers to a particular network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms - with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Community garden
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
5. Do not naturally occur in the environment - but are synthesized by man. Since all these compounds have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the basis of their molecule (as do living plants and animals) - they are referred to as organic compounds to form pest
Overburden
Artificial Organic compounds
Pest management
Plowing
6. Mining method- mountain's forests are clear-cut and the timber is sold - topsoild is removed - and then the rock is blasted away to expose the coal for extraction. Overburden is placed back on the mountaintop. Primarily for coal in the Appalachian Mo
Strip cutting
Pest management
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Mountain-Top Removal
7. To reclaim is to make things level - and to get something growing and prevent erosion - If the U.S were to try to reclaim - it would cost tax payers about 2 trillion dollars.
Slag
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Agricultural revolution and technology
8. A severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
Ore
Bt Corn
Manure/compost
Famine
9. Made by mixing the remains or wastes of organisms including animal manure (essential) - crop residues - fresh vegetation - and compost
Genetically modified food
Minerals
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
10. The golden molecule for plants because it makes them grow - Leagues have special nitrogen fixing bacteria in their rhizomes (roots) - Three covalent bonds for N2. Stronger the covalent bonds - the harder it is to react. Nitrogen gas is inert.
Ecological services
Surface mining
Nitrate
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
11. 1990 Clean Air Act amendments encouraged clean-burning low-sulfur coal led to more mining in Appalachia -dumping ton of debris sinto valley degrades and destroys areas of habitat -social and health impacts. loose rock tumbles down into homes - overl
Community garden
Food Aid
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Ecological services
12. Technology that has vastly increased the amount of food production since the agricultural revolution; currently 1 farmer for every 129 eaters
Food Aid
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
13. Organic macromolecules hardest to provide during a famine
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Protein (usually)
Sustainable Forestry
Food security
14. Manages resource harvesting so as to minimize impact on ecosystem and ecological processes that provide the resource - Advantages: can protect certain areas; can restore habitats; considers surroundings; allows timber harvesting while preserving inte
Ecosystem-based Management
Types of surface mining
Open pit mine
Malnourishment
15. Worthless material that surrounds a wanted mineral in an ore deposit.
Community garden
Tailings/ Gangue
Ore
Biological Control
16. Cut trees shortly after they go through their fastest stage of growth (which is during their intermediate age) - Advantages: maximizes timber production over time - Disadvantages: trees get cut before they mature; alters forest ecology; eliminates ha
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Adaptive Management
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Ecological services
17. Corn yield has increased dramatically in the US since the 1920s because it was in the 1920s that GM corn started to be developed
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Adaptive Management
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Dangers of Biological control
18. Can hurt other species - methods used to control other species can become invasive species themselves - Ex. Australia released a virus to kill the excessive rabbits; Australians brought in cane toads to kill beetles on their sugar cane - BUT the toa
Dangers of Biological control
Open pit mine
Types of forestry
Genetically Modified foods
19. Heating ore beyond its melting point and combining it with other metals or chemicals ( process of separating).
Overburden
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Smelting
Artificial Organic compounds
20. Advantages: removes the least amount of unwanted material so less waste - Disadvantages: potential collapse; sinkholes; acid drainage; pollutes groundwater; risk of injury/death from dynamite blasts - natural gas explosions - inhalation of toxic gass
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Undernourishment
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
21. Makes money - remove resources from its original location - Firewood - Paper - Lumber - Charocoal - Gem - Hunting - Medicine
Economic services
Selective Cutting
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Mountain-Top Removal
22. Recycle batteries - Send large amounts of metal to scrap yards/businesses instead of to landfills (ex. cars - fridges - dishwashers - etc.) - Recycle old electronics like phones and computers to prevent more mining of minerals like tantalum that are
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Acid mine drainage
Mountain-Top Removal
23. Systematically tests different approaches and aims to improve methods and find ideal over time - Advantages: can be highly effective; works with each specific environment; can protect species; can provide minimum impact - Disadvantages: difficult to
Famine
Adaptive Management
Dangers of Biological control
Artificial Organic compounds
24. Shafts are excavated deep into the ground - and networks of tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of the mineral. requires removal of the overburden - Used for metals ( zinc - lead - nickel - tin - gold - copper) and coal - Most dangerous
Adaptive Management
Surface mining
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Slash and Burn
25. The surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
Selective Cutting
Overburden
To purify copper from malachite
Fertilizers
26. A mineral or grouping of minerals from which we extract metals - most metals are found in ore - Copper - iron - lead gold - and aluminum - Used in electronic components of computers - cell phones - DVD players.
Risks of Bt Corn
Artificial Organic compounds
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Ore
27. Now makes up 80% of corn in the US - Benefits: Contains naturally occurring pesticide - Increases production - could feed more people - Grow more per square area - Doesn't spoil as quickly - Bigger - tastier
Nitrate
Bt Corn
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Subsurface mining
28. Malachite contains sulfides which become strongly acidic when mixed with water and thus pollutes water
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Agricultural revolution and technology
Economic services
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
29. Combination of different pest management techniques combined in a specific way best for the place they are being used.
Food security
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Ecosystem-based Management
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
30. Genetically engineered using recombinant DNA
Ore
Lesson from Food Inc
Genetically modified food
Subsurface mining
31. By far the best method for managing pests - Uses chemical pesticides - biocontrol - AND diversity - Not monoculture; things are planted in a mosaic so that if pests attack all of the corn in one area there is still more corn somewhere else - Proven t
Pest management
Fertilizers
Ecological services
Smelting
32. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Famine
Subsurface mining
Strip Cutting
Sustainable Forestry
33. More expensive then clear cutting - leaves rows of trees for reseeding/ future harvesting.
Strip Cutting
Undernourishment
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
34. Controversial logging practice where all trees in an area are uniformly cut down - used by foresters to create certain types of forest ecosystems and to promote select species that requires an abudnace of sunlight or grow in large - even--age stands
Acid mine drainage
Clear-cutting
Monoculture
Economic services
35. A mining technique that involves digging a gigantic hole and removing the desire ORE - along with waste rock that surrounds the ore.
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Open pit mine
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
36. Uses the idea that 'the enemy of one's enemy is one's friend' - Battles pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them - Can be extremely effective and inexpensive
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Ecosystem-based Management
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Strip cutting
37. Goal to guarantee an adequate - safe - nutritious - and reliable food supply available to all people at all times
Food security
Economic services
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
38. Solid waste from smelts
Pest management
Undernourishment
Slag
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
39. When sulfide minerals in newly exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid - causing runoff as it leaches metals from the rocks
Strip mine
Acid mine drainage
Strip cutting
Tailings/ Gangue
40. Long term information is unknown - Can take over surrounding ecosystem - Pest-killing toxin also kills insects that should not and are not meant to be killed such as monarch butterflies - Pollen can be carried to nearby plants by wind thus making th
Mountain-Top Removal
Undernourishment
Risks of Bt Corn
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
41. About one million people on Earth 10 -000 years ago. (The Agricultural revolution). Worlds population crossed into 7 billion now - It is unlikely that we will double the 7 billion. We will hit 9 to 11 billion people.
Tailings/ Gangue
Coal
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Subsurface mining
42. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Plowing
Biological Control
43. (Insecticides - Herbicides/ Fungicides) - Artificial chemicals used to kill pests/ insects/plants/fungi
Plowing
Minerals
Pesticides
Malnourishment
44. Bio-control can be extremely cost effect - Bio-control can harm other animals - The cane toads control cane beetle in Carribean
Slag
Biological Control
Protein (usually)
Strip mine
45. Completely missing something acquired from food; usually protein or vitamin C
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Plowing
Fertilizers
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
46. Mining method- mining underground coal deposits - in which shafts are dug deeply into the ground and networks of tunnels are dug to follow coal seams.
Subsurface mining
Community garden
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
47. Maximum Sustainable Yield - Ecosystem-based Management - Adaptive Management
Overburden
Acid mine drainage
Coal
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
48. A naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure - a specific chemical composition - and distinct physical properties.
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Minerals
49. Choosing valuable trees only - lots of reseeding - transportation is hard.
Monoculture
Biological Control
Selective cutting
Manure/compost
50. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Selective cutting
Pesticides