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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Goal to guarantee an adequate - safe - nutritious - and reliable food supply available to all people at all times
Tailings/ Gangue
Economic services
Food security
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
2. A mineral or grouping of minerals from which we extract metals - most metals are found in ore - Copper - iron - lead gold - and aluminum - Used in electronic components of computers - cell phones - DVD players.
Strip Cutting
Ore
Monoculture
Ecological services
3. Can hurt other species - methods used to control other species can become invasive species themselves - Ex. Australia released a virus to kill the excessive rabbits; Australians brought in cane toads to kill beetles on their sugar cane - BUT the toa
Dangers of Biological control
Economic services
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
4. Food assistance given to an area. Can take away the incentive to produce food in that area. Distribution is an issue.
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Ecological services
Food Aid
Types of surface mining
5. The use of heavy machinery to remove huge amounts of earth to expose COAL or MINERALS - which are mined out directly.
Acid mine drainage
Slash and Burn
Strip mine
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
6. Organic macromolecules hardest to provide during a famine
Selective Cutting
Open pit mine
Protein (usually)
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
7. Do not naturally occur in the environment - but are synthesized by man. Since all these compounds have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the basis of their molecule (as do living plants and animals) - they are referred to as organic compounds to form pest
Food security
Pest management
Strip mine
Artificial Organic compounds
8. way to enhance nutrient-limited soils - Inorganic fertilizers- mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements - Organic fertilizers consist of the remains or wastes of organisms that include animal mancure - organic fertilizers can improve
Manure/compost
Fertilizers
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Strip mine
9. About one million people on Earth 10 -000 years ago. (The Agricultural revolution). Worlds population crossed into 7 billion now - It is unlikely that we will double the 7 billion. We will hit 9 to 11 billion people.
Naturally occurring pesticides
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Sustainable Forestry
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
10. Makes money - remove resources from its original location - Firewood - Paper - Lumber - Charocoal - Gem - Hunting - Medicine
Undernourishment
Economic services
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Biological Control
11. 1990 Clean Air Act amendments encouraged clean-burning low-sulfur coal led to more mining in Appalachia -dumping ton of debris sinto valley degrades and destroys areas of habitat -social and health impacts. loose rock tumbles down into homes - overl
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Selective Cutting
12. A naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure - a specific chemical composition - and distinct physical properties.
Minerals
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Selective Cutting
Mountain-Top Removal
13. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Artificial Organic compounds
Economic services
14. Malachite contains sulfides which become strongly acidic when mixed with water and thus pollutes water
Food Aid
Artificial Organic compounds
Open pit mine
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
15. Made by mixing the remains or wastes of organisms including animal manure (essential) - crop residues - fresh vegetation - and compost
Slash and Burn
Tailings/ Gangue
Adaptive Management
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
16. When sulfide minerals in newly exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid - causing runoff as it leaches metals from the rocks
Ecosystem-based Management
Fertilizers
Acid mine drainage
Community garden
17. Cut trees shortly after they go through their fastest stage of growth (which is during their intermediate age) - Advantages: maximizes timber production over time - Disadvantages: trees get cut before they mature; alters forest ecology; eliminates ha
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Food Aid
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Malnourishment
18. Clear cutting - Strip cutting - selective cutting
Naturally occurring pesticides
Types of forestry
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Maximum Sustainable Yield
19. Solid waste from smelts
Food security
Slag
Undernourishment
Artificial Organic compounds
20. Manages resource harvesting so as to minimize impact on ecosystem and ecological processes that provide the resource - Advantages: can protect certain areas; can restore habitats; considers surroundings; allows timber harvesting while preserving inte
Ecosystem-based Management
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Clear cutting
Genetically modified food
21. Mining method- mining underground coal deposits - in which shafts are dug deeply into the ground and networks of tunnels are dug to follow coal seams.
Types of forestry
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Community garden
Subsurface mining
22. Fertilizers - promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus; increases crop yield - Combines/Machinery - allows farmers to work much faster and more efficiently; increases crop yield - Pesticides - kill insects - p
Types of forestry
Minerals
Agricultural revolution and technology
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
23. Choosing valuable trees only - lots of reseeding - transportation is hard.
Selective cutting
Famine
Undernourishment
Food security
24. A variation of clear-cutting in which a strip of trees is clear-cut along the contour of the land - with the corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. After regeneration - another strip is cut above the first - and so o
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Strip cutting
Undernourishment/Marasmus
To purify copper from malachite
25. One farmer=100 eaters.
Slag
Artificial Organic compounds
Lesson from Food Inc
Dangers of Biological control
26. Not enough of some vitamin/mineral/essential thing in food
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Strip cutting
Clear-cutting
27. More expensive then clear cutting - leaves rows of trees for reseeding/ future harvesting.
Strip Cutting
Bt Corn
Coal
Mountain-Top Removal
28. The uniform planting of a single crop
Monoculture
Artificial Organic compounds
Smelting
Pest management
29. (Insecticides - Herbicides/ Fungicides) - Artificial chemicals used to kill pests/ insects/plants/fungi
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Pesticides
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Ecological services
30. A fossil fuel composed of organic matter that was compressed under very high pressure to form a dense - solid carbon structure.
Coal
Adaptive Management
To purify copper from malachite
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
31. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Food security
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Sustainable Forestry
32. Genetically engineered using recombinant DNA
Community garden
Manure/compost
Genetically modified food
Mechanization/tractors/combines
33. Harvesting only mature trees of certain species and size; usually more expensive then clear-cutting but it is less disruptive for wildlife and often better for forest regeneration
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Protein (usually)
Selective Cutting
Ore
34. Shafts are excavated deep into the ground - and networks of tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of the mineral. requires removal of the overburden - Used for metals ( zinc - lead - nickel - tin - gold - copper) and coal - Most dangerous
Food Aid
Surface mining
Smelting
Community garden
35. Soy beans have been genetically modified for better traits. 'Round up Ready' soy beans have made it so that weed killer 'round up' can be sprayed around the plants and kill all the weeds but not the soy bean plants. 'round up ready soy beans' were cr
Ecological services
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Monoculture
Genetically Modified foods
36. Natural fertilizers from decomposing solid organic matter; have lots of nitrogen
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Manure/compost
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Lesson from Food Inc
37. A severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
Strip Cutting
Monoculture
Famine
Tailings/ Gangue
38. Now makes up 80% of corn in the US - Benefits: Contains naturally occurring pesticide - Increases production - could feed more people - Grow more per square area - Doesn't spoil as quickly - Bigger - tastier
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Bt Corn
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Clear-cutting
39. There is now more nitrate in the soil and water than ever - sometimes at unsafe levels - Corn harvests have improved
Surface mining
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Adaptive Management
Sustainable Forestry
40. Completely missing something
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Agricultural revolution and technology
Genetically modified food
Malnourishment
41. Technology that has vastly increased the amount of food production since the agricultural revolution; currently 1 farmer for every 129 eaters
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Fertilizers
Strip Cutting
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
42. Locally-based socio-economic model of agriculture and food distribution. also refers to a particular network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms - with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Food Aid
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Community garden
43. Maximum Sustainable Yield - Ecosystem-based Management - Adaptive Management
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Agricultural revolution and technology
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Subsurface mining
44. The surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Overburden
Selective cutting
Genetically Modified foods
45. Advantages: removes the least amount of unwanted material so less waste - Disadvantages: potential collapse; sinkholes; acid drainage; pollutes groundwater; risk of injury/death from dynamite blasts - natural gas explosions - inhalation of toxic gass
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Strip cutting
Selective cutting
Clear cutting
46. Long term information is unknown - Can take over surrounding ecosystem - Pest-killing toxin also kills insects that should not and are not meant to be killed such as monarch butterflies - Pollen can be carried to nearby plants by wind thus making th
Clear cutting
Risks of Bt Corn
Smelting
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
47. In the last 100 years - humans have doubled the amount of organic nitrogen in the biosphere by artificial synthesis of ammonia.
Selective Cutting
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Strip Cutting
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
48. Uses the idea that 'the enemy of one's enemy is one's friend' - Battles pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them - Can be extremely effective and inexpensive
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
49. Foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. include selective breeding; plant breeding. Typically - genetically modified food
Nitrate
Undernourishment
Genetically Modified foods
Clear cutting
50. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Pesticides
Plowing
Genetically Modified foods
Strip mine