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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
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Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. By far the best method for managing pests - Uses chemical pesticides - biocontrol - AND diversity - Not monoculture; things are planted in a mosaic so that if pests attack all of the corn in one area there is still more corn somewhere else - Proven t
Pest management
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Selective cutting
2. Locally-based socio-economic model of agriculture and food distribution. also refers to a particular network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms - with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits
Slash and Burn
Clear cutting
Plowing
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
3. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Sustainable Forestry
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Subsurface mining
Pest management
4. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Coal
Plowing
Types of forestry
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
5. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
Types of surface mining
Clear-cutting
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
6. Maximum Sustainable Yield - Ecosystem-based Management - Adaptive Management
Overburden
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Economic services
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
7. A variation of clear-cutting in which a strip of trees is clear-cut along the contour of the land - with the corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. After regeneration - another strip is cut above the first - and so o
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Strip cutting
Nitrate
Sustainable Forestry
8. More expensive then clear cutting - leaves rows of trees for reseeding/ future harvesting.
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Strip Cutting
Clear-cutting
9. Uses the idea that 'the enemy of one's enemy is one's friend' - Battles pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them - Can be extremely effective and inexpensive
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Genetically Modified foods
Clear-cutting
Acid mine drainage
10. Not enough of some vitamin/mineral/essential thing in food
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Slash and Burn
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
11. Corn yield has increased dramatically in the US since the 1920s because it was in the 1920s that GM corn started to be developed
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Smelting
Overburden
12. Now makes up 80% of corn in the US - Benefits: Contains naturally occurring pesticide - Increases production - could feed more people - Grow more per square area - Doesn't spoil as quickly - Bigger - tastier
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Pest management
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Bt Corn
13. Nicotine - Alcohol - Cocaine - if it can kill you - it can kill other living things.
Naturally occurring pesticides
Fertilizers
Genetically Modified foods
Undernourishment
14. Natural fertilizers from decomposing solid organic matter; have lots of nitrogen
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Subsurface mining
Manure/compost
Economic services
15. Having not enough of something
Ecosystem-based Management
Undernourishment
Slash and Burn
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
16. A naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure - a specific chemical composition - and distinct physical properties.
Minerals
To purify copper from malachite
Subsurface mining
Food security
17. Makes money - remove resources from its original location - Firewood - Paper - Lumber - Charocoal - Gem - Hunting - Medicine
Economic services
Strip Cutting
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
18. Malachite contains sulfides which become strongly acidic when mixed with water and thus pollutes water
Selective Cutting
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Ecosystem-based Management
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
19. One farmer=100 eaters.
Lesson from Food Inc
Pest management
Protein (usually)
Overburden
20. Worthless material that surrounds a wanted mineral in an ore deposit.
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Agricultural revolution and technology
Tailings/ Gangue
21. Foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. include selective breeding; plant breeding. Typically - genetically modified food
Genetically Modified foods
Manure/compost
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
22. In the last 100 years - humans have doubled the amount of organic nitrogen in the biosphere by artificial synthesis of ammonia.
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Selective cutting
23. -boosts yields by intensifying irrigation and introducing synthetic fertilizers - while the advent of chemical pesticides reduce competition from weeds and herbivory by crop pests - Industrial agriculture works best under the condition of monoculture
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Pest management
Lesson from Food Inc
24. Manages resource harvesting so as to minimize impact on ecosystem and ecological processes that provide the resource - Advantages: can protect certain areas; can restore habitats; considers surroundings; allows timber harvesting while preserving inte
Surface mining
Strip cutting
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Ecosystem-based Management
25. Can hurt other species - methods used to control other species can become invasive species themselves - Ex. Australia released a virus to kill the excessive rabbits; Australians brought in cane toads to kill beetles on their sugar cane - BUT the toa
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Dangers of Biological control
Famine
26. There is now more nitrate in the soil and water than ever - sometimes at unsafe levels - Corn harvests have improved
Sustainable Forestry
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Fertilizers
Coal
27. Mining method- mountain's forests are clear-cut and the timber is sold - topsoild is removed - and then the rock is blasted away to expose the coal for extraction. Overburden is placed back on the mountaintop. Primarily for coal in the Appalachian Mo
Types of surface mining
Mountain-Top Removal
Genetically Modified foods
Artificial Organic compounds
28. Made by mixing the remains or wastes of organisms including animal manure (essential) - crop residues - fresh vegetation - and compost
Types of forestry
Agricultural revolution and technology
Strip Cutting
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
29. The use of heavy machinery to remove huge amounts of earth to expose COAL or MINERALS - which are mined out directly.
Strip mine
Sustainable Forestry
Subsurface mining
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
30. Genetically engineered using recombinant DNA
Food Aid
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Genetically modified food
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
31. Solid waste from smelts
Adaptive Management
Monoculture
Strip cutting
Slag
32. Technology that has vastly increased the amount of food production since the agricultural revolution; currently 1 farmer for every 129 eaters
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Ecological services
Fertilizers
33. Organic macromolecules hardest to provide during a famine
Monoculture
Selective cutting
Protein (usually)
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
34. Do not naturally occur in the environment - but are synthesized by man. Since all these compounds have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the basis of their molecule (as do living plants and animals) - they are referred to as organic compounds to form pest
Malnourishment
Food security
Economic services
Artificial Organic compounds
35. A severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Famine
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Sustainable Forestry
36. Recycle batteries - Send large amounts of metal to scrap yards/businesses instead of to landfills (ex. cars - fridges - dishwashers - etc.) - Recycle old electronics like phones and computers to prevent more mining of minerals like tantalum that are
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Slash and Burn
Lesson from Food Inc
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
37. Combination of different pest management techniques combined in a specific way best for the place they are being used.
Strip cutting
Protein (usually)
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
38. To reclaim is to make things level - and to get something growing and prevent erosion - If the U.S were to try to reclaim - it would cost tax payers about 2 trillion dollars.
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Strip cutting
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Famine
39. A mineral or grouping of minerals from which we extract metals - most metals are found in ore - Copper - iron - lead gold - and aluminum - Used in electronic components of computers - cell phones - DVD players.
Tailings/ Gangue
Ore
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Undernourishment
40. Harvesting only mature trees of certain species and size; usually more expensive then clear-cutting but it is less disruptive for wildlife and often better for forest regeneration
Food security
Selective Cutting
Surface mining
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
41. 1990 Clean Air Act amendments encouraged clean-burning low-sulfur coal led to more mining in Appalachia -dumping ton of debris sinto valley degrades and destroys areas of habitat -social and health impacts. loose rock tumbles down into homes - overl
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Types of forestry
Economic services
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
42. When sulfide minerals in newly exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid - causing runoff as it leaches metals from the rocks
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Open pit mine
Acid mine drainage
43. Mining method- mining underground coal deposits - in which shafts are dug deeply into the ground and networks of tunnels are dug to follow coal seams.
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Slash and Burn
Subsurface mining
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
44. Advantages: removes the least amount of unwanted material so less waste - Disadvantages: potential collapse; sinkholes; acid drainage; pollutes groundwater; risk of injury/death from dynamite blasts - natural gas explosions - inhalation of toxic gass
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Nitrate
Naturally occurring pesticides
Economic services
45. Bio-control can be extremely cost effect - Bio-control can harm other animals - The cane toads control cane beetle in Carribean
Open pit mine
Selective Cutting
Biological Control
Slag
46. About one million people on Earth 10 -000 years ago. (The Agricultural revolution). Worlds population crossed into 7 billion now - It is unlikely that we will double the 7 billion. We will hit 9 to 11 billion people.
Ore
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Mountain-Top Removal
Minerals
47. Heating ore beyond its melting point and combining it with other metals or chemicals ( process of separating).
Tailings/ Gangue
Smelting
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Slag
48. Cheapest - easiest transportation removal of lumber - Most environmentally harmful - takes all trees - leaves nothing
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Community garden
Smelting
Clear cutting
49. Technology was not able to profitably remove the copper from the malachite
Ecological services
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Undernourishment
50. Clear cutting - Strip cutting - selective cutting
Risks of Bt Corn
Strip Cutting
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Types of forestry