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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
Start Test
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Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In the last 100 years - humans have doubled the amount of organic nitrogen in the biosphere by artificial synthesis of ammonia.
Food Aid
Clear cutting
Nitrate
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
2. More expensive then clear cutting - leaves rows of trees for reseeding/ future harvesting.
Acid mine drainage
Strip Cutting
Community garden
Maximum Sustainable Yield
3. Made by mixing the remains or wastes of organisms including animal manure (essential) - crop residues - fresh vegetation - and compost
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Ecosystem-based Management
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
4. Controversial logging practice where all trees in an area are uniformly cut down - used by foresters to create certain types of forest ecosystems and to promote select species that requires an abudnace of sunlight or grow in large - even--age stands
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Ecological services
Clear-cutting
Naturally occurring pesticides
5. Can hurt other species - methods used to control other species can become invasive species themselves - Ex. Australia released a virus to kill the excessive rabbits; Australians brought in cane toads to kill beetles on their sugar cane - BUT the toa
Fertilizers
Dangers of Biological control
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
6. Advantages: removes the least amount of unwanted material so less waste - Disadvantages: potential collapse; sinkholes; acid drainage; pollutes groundwater; risk of injury/death from dynamite blasts - natural gas explosions - inhalation of toxic gass
Food Aid
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Genetically Modified foods
7. Malachite contains sulfides which become strongly acidic when mixed with water and thus pollutes water
Tailings/ Gangue
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
8. Having not enough of something
Monoculture
Undernourishment
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
9. Not enough of some vitamin/mineral/essential thing in food
Artificial Organic compounds
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Maximum Sustainable Yield
10. Combination of different pest management techniques combined in a specific way best for the place they are being used.
Risks of Bt Corn
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Ore
11. Choosing valuable trees only - lots of reseeding - transportation is hard.
Acid mine drainage
Tailings/ Gangue
Selective cutting
Smelting
12. By far the best method for managing pests - Uses chemical pesticides - biocontrol - AND diversity - Not monoculture; things are planted in a mosaic so that if pests attack all of the corn in one area there is still more corn somewhere else - Proven t
Pest management
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
13. About one million people on Earth 10 -000 years ago. (The Agricultural revolution). Worlds population crossed into 7 billion now - It is unlikely that we will double the 7 billion. We will hit 9 to 11 billion people.
Ecosystem-based Management
Monoculture
Manure/compost
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
14. Natural fertilizers from decomposing solid organic matter; have lots of nitrogen
Manure/compost
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Coal
Clear-cutting
15. A fossil fuel composed of organic matter that was compressed under very high pressure to form a dense - solid carbon structure.
Strip cutting
Coal
Minerals
Overburden
16. Solid waste from smelts
Economic services
Subsurface mining
Slag
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
17. Educational - Maintain biodiversity - Aesthetics - Oxygen - Improve quality of life - Co2 to O2 - Shade - Habitat/ biodiversity - Erosion - Clean water - Soil enrichment
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Dangers of Biological control
Ecological services
Undernourishment/Marasmus
18. Mix the malachite with water and 6M sulfuric acid and heat the mixture - creating a transformation reaction where the only left over matter is the sand - which is then strained out. Iron fillings are then added to the solution - a substitution react
Ore
To purify copper from malachite
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Undernourishment
19. Goal to guarantee an adequate - safe - nutritious - and reliable food supply available to all people at all times
Subsurface mining
Famine
Food security
Artificial Organic compounds
20. When sulfide minerals in newly exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid - causing runoff as it leaches metals from the rocks
Acid mine drainage
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Slash and Burn
21. way to enhance nutrient-limited soils - Inorganic fertilizers- mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements - Organic fertilizers consist of the remains or wastes of organisms that include animal mancure - organic fertilizers can improve
Genetically Modified foods
Selective Cutting
Naturally occurring pesticides
Fertilizers
22. 1990 Clean Air Act amendments encouraged clean-burning low-sulfur coal led to more mining in Appalachia -dumping ton of debris sinto valley degrades and destroys areas of habitat -social and health impacts. loose rock tumbles down into homes - overl
Protein (usually)
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Coal
Types of forestry
23. Now makes up 80% of corn in the US - Benefits: Contains naturally occurring pesticide - Increases production - could feed more people - Grow more per square area - Doesn't spoil as quickly - Bigger - tastier
Bt Corn
Strip cutting
Food Aid
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
24. -boosts yields by intensifying irrigation and introducing synthetic fertilizers - while the advent of chemical pesticides reduce competition from weeds and herbivory by crop pests - Industrial agriculture works best under the condition of monoculture
Selective Cutting
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Sustainable Forestry
Biological Control
25. Foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. include selective breeding; plant breeding. Typically - genetically modified food
Economic services
Mountain-Top Removal
Types of forestry
Genetically Modified foods
26. Cut trees shortly after they go through their fastest stage of growth (which is during their intermediate age) - Advantages: maximizes timber production over time - Disadvantages: trees get cut before they mature; alters forest ecology; eliminates ha
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Lesson from Food Inc
Nitrate
Maximum Sustainable Yield
27. Organic macromolecules hardest to provide during a famine
Monoculture
Acid mine drainage
Protein (usually)
Economic services
28. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Sustainable Forestry
Plowing
Smelting
Pest management
29. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Sustainable Forestry
Tailings/ Gangue
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Strip Cutting
30. To reclaim is to make things level - and to get something growing and prevent erosion - If the U.S were to try to reclaim - it would cost tax payers about 2 trillion dollars.
Mountain-Top Removal
Subsurface mining
Acid mine drainage
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
31. Cheapest - easiest transportation removal of lumber - Most environmentally harmful - takes all trees - leaves nothing
Minerals
Undernourishment/Marasmus
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Clear cutting
32. Do not naturally occur in the environment - but are synthesized by man. Since all these compounds have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the basis of their molecule (as do living plants and animals) - they are referred to as organic compounds to form pest
Nitrate
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Artificial Organic compounds
Lesson from Food Inc
33. The use of heavy machinery to remove huge amounts of earth to expose COAL or MINERALS - which are mined out directly.
Community garden
Types of forestry
Strip mine
Acid mine drainage
34. Shafts are excavated deep into the ground - and networks of tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of the mineral. requires removal of the overburden - Used for metals ( zinc - lead - nickel - tin - gold - copper) and coal - Most dangerous
Lesson from Food Inc
Sustainable Forestry
Surface mining
Selective Cutting
35. Locally-based socio-economic model of agriculture and food distribution. also refers to a particular network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms - with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits
Adaptive Management
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Famine
Mechanization/tractors/combines
36. One farmer=100 eaters.
Lesson from Food Inc
Undernourishment
Bt Corn
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
37. Strip mining - open pit mining - mountain top removal
Strip mine
Types of forestry
Types of surface mining
Plowing
38. Mining method- mountain's forests are clear-cut and the timber is sold - topsoild is removed - and then the rock is blasted away to expose the coal for extraction. Overburden is placed back on the mountaintop. Primarily for coal in the Appalachian Mo
Mountain-Top Removal
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Risks of Bt Corn
Biological Control
39. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
Subsurface mining
Slash and Burn
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Strip cutting
40. Fertilizers - promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus; increases crop yield - Combines/Machinery - allows farmers to work much faster and more efficiently; increases crop yield - Pesticides - kill insects - p
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Agricultural revolution and technology
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Subsurface mining
41. Maximum Sustainable Yield - Ecosystem-based Management - Adaptive Management
Genetically Modified foods
Ecosystem-based Management
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Subsurface mining
42. There is now more nitrate in the soil and water than ever - sometimes at unsafe levels - Corn harvests have improved
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Famine
Risks of Bt Corn
Clear cutting
43. (Insecticides - Herbicides/ Fungicides) - Artificial chemicals used to kill pests/ insects/plants/fungi
Bt Corn
Genetically modified food
Pesticides
Community garden
44. Soy beans have been genetically modified for better traits. 'Round up Ready' soy beans have made it so that weed killer 'round up' can be sprayed around the plants and kill all the weeds but not the soy bean plants. 'round up ready soy beans' were cr
Mountain-Top Removal
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Tailings/ Gangue
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
45. Completely missing something
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Malnourishment
Minerals
Acid mine drainage
46. The surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
Tailings/ Gangue
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Overburden
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
47. Bio-control can be extremely cost effect - Bio-control can harm other animals - The cane toads control cane beetle in Carribean
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Food Aid
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Biological Control
48. Genetically engineered using recombinant DNA
Selective Cutting
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Strip mine
Genetically modified food
49. Food assistance given to an area. Can take away the incentive to produce food in that area. Distribution is an issue.
Open pit mine
Slag
Food Aid
Subsurface mining
50. Heating ore beyond its melting point and combining it with other metals or chemicals ( process of separating).
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Pesticides
Slash and Burn
Smelting