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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cut trees shortly after they go through their fastest stage of growth (which is during their intermediate age) - Advantages: maximizes timber production over time - Disadvantages: trees get cut before they mature; alters forest ecology; eliminates ha
Maximum Sustainable Yield
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Clear-cutting
Genetically Modified foods
2. Natural fertilizers from decomposing solid organic matter; have lots of nitrogen
Ecological services
Manure/compost
Genetically modified food
Artificial Organic compounds
3. A fossil fuel composed of organic matter that was compressed under very high pressure to form a dense - solid carbon structure.
Coal
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Clear-cutting
Minerals
4. A mining technique that involves digging a gigantic hole and removing the desire ORE - along with waste rock that surrounds the ore.
Mountain-Top Removal
Undernourishment
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Open pit mine
5. Controversial logging practice where all trees in an area are uniformly cut down - used by foresters to create certain types of forest ecosystems and to promote select species that requires an abudnace of sunlight or grow in large - even--age stands
Clear-cutting
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Subsurface mining
Sustainable Forestry
6. Now makes up 80% of corn in the US - Benefits: Contains naturally occurring pesticide - Increases production - could feed more people - Grow more per square area - Doesn't spoil as quickly - Bigger - tastier
Bt Corn
Sustainable Forestry
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Community garden
7. Manages resource harvesting so as to minimize impact on ecosystem and ecological processes that provide the resource - Advantages: can protect certain areas; can restore habitats; considers surroundings; allows timber harvesting while preserving inte
Ecosystem-based Management
Famine
Adaptive Management
Pesticides
8. Clear cutting - Strip cutting - selective cutting
Types of forestry
Artificial Organic compounds
Famine
Mountain-Top Removal
9. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Mountain-Top Removal
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Sustainable Forestry
Plowing
10. Heating ore beyond its melting point and combining it with other metals or chemicals ( process of separating).
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Smelting
Plowing
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
11. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Community garden
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
12. Uses the idea that 'the enemy of one's enemy is one's friend' - Battles pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them - Can be extremely effective and inexpensive
Subsurface mining
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Artificial Organic compounds
Smelting
13. To reclaim is to make things level - and to get something growing and prevent erosion - If the U.S were to try to reclaim - it would cost tax payers about 2 trillion dollars.
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Agricultural revolution and technology
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
14. A mineral or grouping of minerals from which we extract metals - most metals are found in ore - Copper - iron - lead gold - and aluminum - Used in electronic components of computers - cell phones - DVD players.
Smelting
Slash and Burn
Pesticides
Ore
15. Mix the malachite with water and 6M sulfuric acid and heat the mixture - creating a transformation reaction where the only left over matter is the sand - which is then strained out. Iron fillings are then added to the solution - a substitution react
Bt Corn
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
To purify copper from malachite
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
16. Advantages: removes the least amount of unwanted material so less waste - Disadvantages: potential collapse; sinkholes; acid drainage; pollutes groundwater; risk of injury/death from dynamite blasts - natural gas explosions - inhalation of toxic gass
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Food Aid
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
17. A naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure - a specific chemical composition - and distinct physical properties.
Minerals
Ecosystem-based Management
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
18. More expensive then clear cutting - leaves rows of trees for reseeding/ future harvesting.
Strip Cutting
To purify copper from malachite
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Mechanization/tractors/combines
19. Cutting the trees down - burning them. Nutrients from the ash go to soil. You have a farmland for ranching cattle or farming soybeans.
Ore
Types of surface mining
Economic services
Slash and Burn
20. By far the best method for managing pests - Uses chemical pesticides - biocontrol - AND diversity - Not monoculture; things are planted in a mosaic so that if pests attack all of the corn in one area there is still more corn somewhere else - Proven t
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Food Aid
Pest management
Strip mine
21. way to enhance nutrient-limited soils - Inorganic fertilizers- mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements - Organic fertilizers consist of the remains or wastes of organisms that include animal mancure - organic fertilizers can improve
Fertilizers
Clear cutting
Open pit mine
Protein (usually)
22. Made by mixing the remains or wastes of organisms including animal manure (essential) - crop residues - fresh vegetation - and compost
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Ecosystem-based Management
Community garden
Adaptive Management
23. Having not enough of something
Economic services
Subsurface mining
Undernourishment
Food Aid
24. -boosts yields by intensifying irrigation and introducing synthetic fertilizers - while the advent of chemical pesticides reduce competition from weeds and herbivory by crop pests - Industrial agriculture works best under the condition of monoculture
Nitrate
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Smelting
Acid mine drainage
25. Cheapest - easiest transportation removal of lumber - Most environmentally harmful - takes all trees - leaves nothing
Lesson from Food Inc
Ecosystem-based Management
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Clear cutting
26. A severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
Types of forestry
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Biological Control
Famine
27. In the last 100 years - humans have doubled the amount of organic nitrogen in the biosphere by artificial synthesis of ammonia.
Adaptive Management
Mountain-Top Removal
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
28. There is now more nitrate in the soil and water than ever - sometimes at unsafe levels - Corn harvests have improved
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Mountain-Top Removal
Food Aid
29. Harvesting only mature trees of certain species and size; usually more expensive then clear-cutting but it is less disruptive for wildlife and often better for forest regeneration
Economic services
Ecosystem-based Management
Famine
Selective Cutting
30. Systematically tests different approaches and aims to improve methods and find ideal over time - Advantages: can be highly effective; works with each specific environment; can protect species; can provide minimum impact - Disadvantages: difficult to
Risks of Bt Corn
Adaptive Management
Strip cutting
Tailings/ Gangue
31. Bio-control can be extremely cost effect - Bio-control can harm other animals - The cane toads control cane beetle in Carribean
Food Aid
Biological Control
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
32. Corn yield has increased dramatically in the US since the 1920s because it was in the 1920s that GM corn started to be developed
Undernourishment/Marasmus
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Monoculture
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
33. Mining method- mining underground coal deposits - in which shafts are dug deeply into the ground and networks of tunnels are dug to follow coal seams.
Subsurface mining
Sustainable Forestry
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Community garden
34. (Insecticides - Herbicides/ Fungicides) - Artificial chemicals used to kill pests/ insects/plants/fungi
Dangers of Biological control
Bt Corn
Protein (usually)
Pesticides
35. About one million people on Earth 10 -000 years ago. (The Agricultural revolution). Worlds population crossed into 7 billion now - It is unlikely that we will double the 7 billion. We will hit 9 to 11 billion people.
Strip Cutting
Open pit mine
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
36. Completely missing something
Malnourishment
Famine
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Clear-cutting
37. Choosing valuable trees only - lots of reseeding - transportation is hard.
Selective cutting
Minerals
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Naturally occurring pesticides
38. Goal to guarantee an adequate - safe - nutritious - and reliable food supply available to all people at all times
Mountain-Top Removal
Types of surface mining
Coal
Food security
39. Educational - Maintain biodiversity - Aesthetics - Oxygen - Improve quality of life - Co2 to O2 - Shade - Habitat/ biodiversity - Erosion - Clean water - Soil enrichment
Ecological services
Artificial Organic compounds
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Nitrate
40. The golden molecule for plants because it makes them grow - Leagues have special nitrogen fixing bacteria in their rhizomes (roots) - Three covalent bonds for N2. Stronger the covalent bonds - the harder it is to react. Nitrogen gas is inert.
Pesticides
Risks of Bt Corn
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Nitrate
41. Fertilizers - promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus; increases crop yield - Combines/Machinery - allows farmers to work much faster and more efficiently; increases crop yield - Pesticides - kill insects - p
Agricultural revolution and technology
Manure/compost
Pest management
Undernourishment/Marasmus
42. Soy beans have been genetically modified for better traits. 'Round up Ready' soy beans have made it so that weed killer 'round up' can be sprayed around the plants and kill all the weeds but not the soy bean plants. 'round up ready soy beans' were cr
Minerals
Selective Cutting
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Manure/compost
43. 1990 Clean Air Act amendments encouraged clean-burning low-sulfur coal led to more mining in Appalachia -dumping ton of debris sinto valley degrades and destroys areas of habitat -social and health impacts. loose rock tumbles down into homes - overl
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Naturally occurring pesticides
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Artificial Organic compounds
44. The use of heavy machinery to remove huge amounts of earth to expose COAL or MINERALS - which are mined out directly.
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Strip mine
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
45. The uniform planting of a single crop
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Strip Cutting
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Monoculture
46. Shafts are excavated deep into the ground - and networks of tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of the mineral. requires removal of the overburden - Used for metals ( zinc - lead - nickel - tin - gold - copper) and coal - Most dangerous
Slag
Surface mining
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
47. Solid waste from smelts
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Genetically Modified foods
Slag
Slash and Burn
48. A single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.
Clear cutting
Community garden
Pest management
Economic services
49. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Selective Cutting
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Sustainable Forestry
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
50. Worthless material that surrounds a wanted mineral in an ore deposit.
Strip cutting
Food security
Ore
Tailings/ Gangue