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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Biological Control
Plowing
Selective Cutting
2. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Community garden
Protein (usually)
Sustainable Forestry
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
3. There is now more nitrate in the soil and water than ever - sometimes at unsafe levels - Corn harvests have improved
Clear-cutting
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Subsurface mining
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
4. More expensive then clear cutting - leaves rows of trees for reseeding/ future harvesting.
Naturally occurring pesticides
Strip Cutting
Sustainable Forestry
Minerals
5. Completely missing something acquired from food; usually protein or vitamin C
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Strip mine
Ecosystem-based Management
Surface mining
6. (Insecticides - Herbicides/ Fungicides) - Artificial chemicals used to kill pests/ insects/plants/fungi
Pesticides
Tailings/ Gangue
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Selective cutting
7. Maximum Sustainable Yield - Ecosystem-based Management - Adaptive Management
Pesticides
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Ecological services
Undernourishment
8. Corn yield has increased dramatically in the US since the 1920s because it was in the 1920s that GM corn started to be developed
Tailings/ Gangue
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Ecological services
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
9. Now makes up 80% of corn in the US - Benefits: Contains naturally occurring pesticide - Increases production - could feed more people - Grow more per square area - Doesn't spoil as quickly - Bigger - tastier
Strip mine
Community garden
Bt Corn
Mechanization/tractors/combines
10. Can hurt other species - methods used to control other species can become invasive species themselves - Ex. Australia released a virus to kill the excessive rabbits; Australians brought in cane toads to kill beetles on their sugar cane - BUT the toa
Selective Cutting
Dangers of Biological control
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Food security
11. way to enhance nutrient-limited soils - Inorganic fertilizers- mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements - Organic fertilizers consist of the remains or wastes of organisms that include animal mancure - organic fertilizers can improve
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Agricultural revolution and technology
Fertilizers
Mechanization/tractors/combines
12. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Open pit mine
Plowing
Risks of Bt Corn
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
13. Natural fertilizers from decomposing solid organic matter; have lots of nitrogen
Genetically modified food
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Manure/compost
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
14. Heating ore beyond its melting point and combining it with other metals or chemicals ( process of separating).
Surface mining
Smelting
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Pesticides
15. Foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. include selective breeding; plant breeding. Typically - genetically modified food
Artificial Organic compounds
Genetically Modified foods
Risks of Bt Corn
Smelting
16. Completely missing something
Malnourishment
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Famine
Ore
17. To reclaim is to make things level - and to get something growing and prevent erosion - If the U.S were to try to reclaim - it would cost tax payers about 2 trillion dollars.
Economic services
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
18. Educational - Maintain biodiversity - Aesthetics - Oxygen - Improve quality of life - Co2 to O2 - Shade - Habitat/ biodiversity - Erosion - Clean water - Soil enrichment
Tailings/ Gangue
Ecological services
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
19. Controversial logging practice where all trees in an area are uniformly cut down - used by foresters to create certain types of forest ecosystems and to promote select species that requires an abudnace of sunlight or grow in large - even--age stands
Undernourishment
To purify copper from malachite
Clear-cutting
Open pit mine
20. Bio-control can be extremely cost effect - Bio-control can harm other animals - The cane toads control cane beetle in Carribean
Biological Control
Pesticides
Strip cutting
Undernourishment
21. Malachite contains sulfides which become strongly acidic when mixed with water and thus pollutes water
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Smelting
22. Mix the malachite with water and 6M sulfuric acid and heat the mixture - creating a transformation reaction where the only left over matter is the sand - which is then strained out. Iron fillings are then added to the solution - a substitution react
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Overburden
To purify copper from malachite
Pest management
23. The golden molecule for plants because it makes them grow - Leagues have special nitrogen fixing bacteria in their rhizomes (roots) - Three covalent bonds for N2. Stronger the covalent bonds - the harder it is to react. Nitrogen gas is inert.
Famine
Malnourishment
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Nitrate
24. When sulfide minerals in newly exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid - causing runoff as it leaches metals from the rocks
Clear-cutting
Tailings/ Gangue
Ecological services
Acid mine drainage
25. A fossil fuel composed of organic matter that was compressed under very high pressure to form a dense - solid carbon structure.
Coal
Plowing
Surface mining
Lesson from Food Inc
26. A severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Adaptive Management
Slag
Famine
27. In the last 100 years - humans have doubled the amount of organic nitrogen in the biosphere by artificial synthesis of ammonia.
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Tailings/ Gangue
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Smelting
28. Combination of different pest management techniques combined in a specific way best for the place they are being used.
Surface mining
Bt Corn
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
To purify copper from malachite
29. A mining technique that involves digging a gigantic hole and removing the desire ORE - along with waste rock that surrounds the ore.
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Subsurface mining
Sustainable Forestry
Open pit mine
30. Worthless material that surrounds a wanted mineral in an ore deposit.
Genetically Modified foods
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Subsurface mining
Tailings/ Gangue
31. A mineral or grouping of minerals from which we extract metals - most metals are found in ore - Copper - iron - lead gold - and aluminum - Used in electronic components of computers - cell phones - DVD players.
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Open pit mine
Subsurface mining
Ore
32. The surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
Types of surface mining
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Clear-cutting
Overburden
33. Do not naturally occur in the environment - but are synthesized by man. Since all these compounds have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the basis of their molecule (as do living plants and animals) - they are referred to as organic compounds to form pest
Smelting
Strip cutting
Artificial Organic compounds
Biological Control
34. Advantages: removes the least amount of unwanted material so less waste - Disadvantages: potential collapse; sinkholes; acid drainage; pollutes groundwater; risk of injury/death from dynamite blasts - natural gas explosions - inhalation of toxic gass
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Strip cutting
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
35. By far the best method for managing pests - Uses chemical pesticides - biocontrol - AND diversity - Not monoculture; things are planted in a mosaic so that if pests attack all of the corn in one area there is still more corn somewhere else - Proven t
Pest management
Clear cutting
Bt Corn
Fertilizers
36. A variation of clear-cutting in which a strip of trees is clear-cut along the contour of the land - with the corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. After regeneration - another strip is cut above the first - and so o
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Strip cutting
Plowing
Pest management
37. Clear cutting - Strip cutting - selective cutting
Types of forestry
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Economic services
Adaptive Management
38. Having not enough of something
Undernourishment
Clear cutting
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Clear-cutting
39. Harvesting only mature trees of certain species and size; usually more expensive then clear-cutting but it is less disruptive for wildlife and often better for forest regeneration
Coal
Selective Cutting
Tailings/ Gangue
Lesson from Food Inc
40. Cheapest - easiest transportation removal of lumber - Most environmentally harmful - takes all trees - leaves nothing
Clear cutting
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Types of surface mining
Smelting
41. Soy beans have been genetically modified for better traits. 'Round up Ready' soy beans have made it so that weed killer 'round up' can be sprayed around the plants and kill all the weeds but not the soy bean plants. 'round up ready soy beans' were cr
Community garden
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Acid mine drainage
Strip Cutting
42. A single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.
Community garden
Economic services
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Nitrate
43. Locally-based socio-economic model of agriculture and food distribution. also refers to a particular network or association of individuals who have pledged to support one or more local farms - with growers and consumers sharing the risks and benefits
Slash and Burn
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
To purify copper from malachite
Agricultural revolution and technology
44. Fertilizers - promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus; increases crop yield - Combines/Machinery - allows farmers to work much faster and more efficiently; increases crop yield - Pesticides - kill insects - p
Clear cutting
Agricultural revolution and technology
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Slag
45. A naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure - a specific chemical composition - and distinct physical properties.
Surface mining
Minerals
Food security
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
46. The use of heavy machinery to remove huge amounts of earth to expose COAL or MINERALS - which are mined out directly.
Manure/compost
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Strip mine
Bt Corn
47. About one million people on Earth 10 -000 years ago. (The Agricultural revolution). Worlds population crossed into 7 billion now - It is unlikely that we will double the 7 billion. We will hit 9 to 11 billion people.
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Strip cutting
Subsurface mining
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
48. Long term information is unknown - Can take over surrounding ecosystem - Pest-killing toxin also kills insects that should not and are not meant to be killed such as monarch butterflies - Pollen can be carried to nearby plants by wind thus making th
Clear cutting
Risks of Bt Corn
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Acid mine drainage
49. Goal to guarantee an adequate - safe - nutritious - and reliable food supply available to all people at all times
Monoculture
Economic services
Food security
Nitrate
50. Makes money - remove resources from its original location - Firewood - Paper - Lumber - Charocoal - Gem - Hunting - Medicine
Clear-cutting
Economic services
To purify copper from malachite
Pesticides