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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Plowing
Strip cutting
Smelting
2. Controversial logging practice where all trees in an area are uniformly cut down - used by foresters to create certain types of forest ecosystems and to promote select species that requires an abudnace of sunlight or grow in large - even--age stands
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Clear-cutting
Open pit mine
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
3. Harvesting only mature trees of certain species and size; usually more expensive then clear-cutting but it is less disruptive for wildlife and often better for forest regeneration
Undernourishment
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Selective Cutting
4. A severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
Famine
Strip cutting
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Strip Cutting
5. A mineral or grouping of minerals from which we extract metals - most metals are found in ore - Copper - iron - lead gold - and aluminum - Used in electronic components of computers - cell phones - DVD players.
Ore
Subsurface mining
Fertilizers
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
6. Worthless material that surrounds a wanted mineral in an ore deposit.
Manure/compost
Subsurface mining
Plowing
Tailings/ Gangue
7. Mining method- mountain's forests are clear-cut and the timber is sold - topsoild is removed - and then the rock is blasted away to expose the coal for extraction. Overburden is placed back on the mountaintop. Primarily for coal in the Appalachian Mo
Genetically Modified foods
Mountain-Top Removal
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
8. Makes money - remove resources from its original location - Firewood - Paper - Lumber - Charocoal - Gem - Hunting - Medicine
Economic services
Genetically modified food
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Manure/compost
9. Made by mixing the remains or wastes of organisms including animal manure (essential) - crop residues - fresh vegetation - and compost
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Strip cutting
Subsurface mining
10. Organic macromolecules hardest to provide during a famine
Lesson from Food Inc
Selective Cutting
Coal
Protein (usually)
11. More expensive then clear cutting - leaves rows of trees for reseeding/ future harvesting.
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Strip Cutting
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
12. The surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
Overburden
Coal
Dangers of Biological control
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
13. -boosts yields by intensifying irrigation and introducing synthetic fertilizers - while the advent of chemical pesticides reduce competition from weeds and herbivory by crop pests - Industrial agriculture works best under the condition of monoculture
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Bt Corn
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
14. When sulfide minerals in newly exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid - causing runoff as it leaches metals from the rocks
Acid mine drainage
Clear cutting
Types of surface mining
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
15. Not enough of some vitamin/mineral/essential thing in food
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Agricultural revolution and technology
Undernourishment/Marasmus
16. Uses the idea that 'the enemy of one's enemy is one's friend' - Battles pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them - Can be extremely effective and inexpensive
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Malnourishment
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
17. Shafts are excavated deep into the ground - and networks of tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of the mineral. requires removal of the overburden - Used for metals ( zinc - lead - nickel - tin - gold - copper) and coal - Most dangerous
Surface mining
Plowing
Naturally occurring pesticides
Selective Cutting
18. Mining method- mining underground coal deposits - in which shafts are dug deeply into the ground and networks of tunnels are dug to follow coal seams.
Ore
Subsurface mining
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Malnourishment
19. The golden molecule for plants because it makes them grow - Leagues have special nitrogen fixing bacteria in their rhizomes (roots) - Three covalent bonds for N2. Stronger the covalent bonds - the harder it is to react. Nitrogen gas is inert.
Selective Cutting
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Nitrate
20. A single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.
Pest management
Community garden
Strip cutting
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
21. A variation of clear-cutting in which a strip of trees is clear-cut along the contour of the land - with the corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. After regeneration - another strip is cut above the first - and so o
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Monoculture
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Strip cutting
22. A fossil fuel composed of organic matter that was compressed under very high pressure to form a dense - solid carbon structure.
Fertilizers
Coal
Subsurface mining
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
23. Natural fertilizers from decomposing solid organic matter; have lots of nitrogen
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Nitrate
Manure/compost
24. Bio-control can be extremely cost effect - Bio-control can harm other animals - The cane toads control cane beetle in Carribean
To purify copper from malachite
Monoculture
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Biological Control
25. A naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure - a specific chemical composition - and distinct physical properties.
Surface mining
Nitrate
Biological Control
Minerals
26. Nicotine - Alcohol - Cocaine - if it can kill you - it can kill other living things.
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Strip cutting
Naturally occurring pesticides
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
27. To reclaim is to make things level - and to get something growing and prevent erosion - If the U.S were to try to reclaim - it would cost tax payers about 2 trillion dollars.
Food security
Famine
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
28. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Pest management
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Manure/compost
29. Do not naturally occur in the environment - but are synthesized by man. Since all these compounds have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the basis of their molecule (as do living plants and animals) - they are referred to as organic compounds to form pest
Economic services
Artificial Organic compounds
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
30. Cutting the trees down - burning them. Nutrients from the ash go to soil. You have a farmland for ranching cattle or farming soybeans.
Strip mine
Slash and Burn
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Open pit mine
31. Soy beans have been genetically modified for better traits. 'Round up Ready' soy beans have made it so that weed killer 'round up' can be sprayed around the plants and kill all the weeds but not the soy bean plants. 'round up ready soy beans' were cr
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Manure/compost
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
32. About one million people on Earth 10 -000 years ago. (The Agricultural revolution). Worlds population crossed into 7 billion now - It is unlikely that we will double the 7 billion. We will hit 9 to 11 billion people.
Malnourishment
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Acid mine drainage
33. By far the best method for managing pests - Uses chemical pesticides - biocontrol - AND diversity - Not monoculture; things are planted in a mosaic so that if pests attack all of the corn in one area there is still more corn somewhere else - Proven t
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Pest management
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Bt Corn
34. Having not enough of something
Undernourishment
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Sustainable Forestry
35. In the last 100 years - humans have doubled the amount of organic nitrogen in the biosphere by artificial synthesis of ammonia.
Manure/compost
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Monoculture
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
36. Fertilizers - promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus; increases crop yield - Combines/Machinery - allows farmers to work much faster and more efficiently; increases crop yield - Pesticides - kill insects - p
Community garden
Agricultural revolution and technology
Monoculture
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
37. Cut trees shortly after they go through their fastest stage of growth (which is during their intermediate age) - Advantages: maximizes timber production over time - Disadvantages: trees get cut before they mature; alters forest ecology; eliminates ha
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Coal
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Adaptive Management
38. Clear cutting - Strip cutting - selective cutting
Types of forestry
Malnourishment
Biological Control
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
39. The use of heavy machinery to remove huge amounts of earth to expose COAL or MINERALS - which are mined out directly.
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Types of forestry
Strip mine
Ecological services
40. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Mountain-Top Removal
Selective Cutting
Sustainable Forestry
Overburden
41. The uniform planting of a single crop
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Nitrate
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Monoculture
42. Long term information is unknown - Can take over surrounding ecosystem - Pest-killing toxin also kills insects that should not and are not meant to be killed such as monarch butterflies - Pollen can be carried to nearby plants by wind thus making th
Ore
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
Risks of Bt Corn
43. Strip mining - open pit mining - mountain top removal
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Adaptive Management
Strip cutting
Types of surface mining
44. One farmer=100 eaters.
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Lesson from Food Inc
Monoculture
Slash and Burn
45. way to enhance nutrient-limited soils - Inorganic fertilizers- mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements - Organic fertilizers consist of the remains or wastes of organisms that include animal mancure - organic fertilizers can improve
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
Fertilizers
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Sustainable Forestry
46. Technology that has vastly increased the amount of food production since the agricultural revolution; currently 1 farmer for every 129 eaters
Slag
Open pit mine
Strip cutting
Mechanization/tractors/combines
47. Educational - Maintain biodiversity - Aesthetics - Oxygen - Improve quality of life - Co2 to O2 - Shade - Habitat/ biodiversity - Erosion - Clean water - Soil enrichment
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Ecological services
48. Food assistance given to an area. Can take away the incentive to produce food in that area. Distribution is an issue.
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Selective Cutting
Minerals
Food Aid
49. Systematically tests different approaches and aims to improve methods and find ideal over time - Advantages: can be highly effective; works with each specific environment; can protect species; can provide minimum impact - Disadvantages: difficult to
Clear cutting
Adaptive Management
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
50. Completely missing something
Malnourishment
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Agricultural revolution and technology
Mountain-Top Removal