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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Environmental Science: Land Use
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Choosing valuable trees only - lots of reseeding - transportation is hard.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Mechanization/tractors/combines
Selective cutting
Strip Cutting
2. Malachite contains sulfides which become strongly acidic when mixed with water and thus pollutes water
Protein (usually)
Costs and downsides of purifying malachite
Manure/compost
Bt Corn
3. A mining technique that involves digging a gigantic hole and removing the desire ORE - along with waste rock that surrounds the ore.
Undernourishment
Open pit mine
Tailings/ Gangue
Ecological services
4. The use of heavy machinery to remove huge amounts of earth to expose COAL or MINERALS - which are mined out directly.
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Strip mine
Strip cutting
5. Recycle batteries - Send large amounts of metal to scrap yards/businesses instead of to landfills (ex. cars - fridges - dishwashers - etc.) - Recycle old electronics like phones and computers to prevent more mining of minerals like tantalum that are
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Clear cutting
Undernourishment/Marasmus
6. The surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Overburden
Selective Cutting
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
7. Manages resource harvesting so as to minimize impact on ecosystem and ecological processes that provide the resource - Advantages: can protect certain areas; can restore habitats; considers surroundings; allows timber harvesting while preserving inte
Ecosystem-based Management
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Monoculture
Naturally occurring pesticides
8. Completely missing something
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Food security
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Malnourishment
9. Having not enough of something
Plowing
Undernourishment
Smelting
Surface mining
10. A variation of clear-cutting in which a strip of trees is clear-cut along the contour of the land - with the corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. After regeneration - another strip is cut above the first - and so o
Genetically modified food
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Strip cutting
Dangers of Biological control
11. Mining method- mountain's forests are clear-cut and the timber is sold - topsoild is removed - and then the rock is blasted away to expose the coal for extraction. Overburden is placed back on the mountaintop. Primarily for coal in the Appalachian Mo
Mountain-Top Removal
Artificial Organic compounds
Tailings/ Gangue
Undernourishment/Marasmus
12. In the last 100 years - humans have doubled the amount of organic nitrogen in the biosphere by artificial synthesis of ammonia.
Mountain-Top Removal
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
13. Strip mining - open pit mining - mountain top removal
Types of surface mining
Clear-cutting
Slag
Maximum Sustainable Yield
14. Fertilizers - promote plant growth by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus; increases crop yield - Combines/Machinery - allows farmers to work much faster and more efficiently; increases crop yield - Pesticides - kill insects - p
Agricultural revolution and technology
Slash and Burn
Types of forestry
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
15. When sulfide minerals in newly exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid - causing runoff as it leaches metals from the rocks
Slash and Burn
Clear-cutting
Acid mine drainage
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
16. Cheap - But - removes all overburden (trees - soil - rocks - etc.); obliterates natural communities b/c everything has been removed; leads to erosion; causes sulfuric acid run-off;
Naturally occurring pesticides
Strip Cutting
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Tailings/ Gangue
17. The FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) examine the practices of firms and rate them against criteria for sustainability - Grant sustainable forest certification to forests - companies - and products produced using methods they consider sustainable.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Overburden
Artificial Organic compounds
Sustainable Forestry
18. The golden molecule for plants because it makes them grow - Leagues have special nitrogen fixing bacteria in their rhizomes (roots) - Three covalent bonds for N2. Stronger the covalent bonds - the harder it is to react. Nitrogen gas is inert.
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
Sustainable Forestry
Nitrate
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
19. Cutting the trees down - burning them. Nutrients from the ash go to soil. You have a farmland for ranching cattle or farming soybeans.
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Slash and Burn
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
20. Nicotine - Alcohol - Cocaine - if it can kill you - it can kill other living things.
Manure/compost
Naturally occurring pesticides
Food security
Undernourishment
21. Food assistance given to an area. Can take away the incentive to produce food in that area. Distribution is an issue.
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
Food Aid
Fertilizers
Food security
22. Goal to guarantee an adequate - safe - nutritious - and reliable food supply available to all people at all times
Food security
Fertilizers
Biological Control
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
23. Bio-control can be extremely cost effect - Bio-control can harm other animals - The cane toads control cane beetle in Carribean
Naturally occurring pesticides
Adaptive Management
Biological Control
Coal
24. Uses the idea that 'the enemy of one's enemy is one's friend' - Battles pests and weeds with organisms that eat or infect them - Can be extremely effective and inexpensive
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Food Aid
25. Harvesting only mature trees of certain species and size; usually more expensive then clear-cutting but it is less disruptive for wildlife and often better for forest regeneration
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Selective Cutting
Overburden
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
26. (Insecticides - Herbicides/ Fungicides) - Artificial chemicals used to kill pests/ insects/plants/fungi
Pesticides
Genetically modified food
Protein (usually)
Nitrate
27. A mineral or grouping of minerals from which we extract metals - most metals are found in ore - Copper - iron - lead gold - and aluminum - Used in electronic components of computers - cell phones - DVD players.
Famine
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Ore
Pesticides
28. Long term information is unknown - Can take over surrounding ecosystem - Pest-killing toxin also kills insects that should not and are not meant to be killed such as monarch butterflies - Pollen can be carried to nearby plants by wind thus making th
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Agricultural revolution and technology
Surface mining
Risks of Bt Corn
29. Shafts are excavated deep into the ground - and networks of tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of the mineral. requires removal of the overburden - Used for metals ( zinc - lead - nickel - tin - gold - copper) and coal - Most dangerous
Ore
Dangers of Biological control
Surface mining
Strip mine
30. - the turning and loosening of soil for the planting of crops
Overburden
Plowing
Lesson from Food Inc
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
31. Now makes up 80% of corn in the US - Benefits: Contains naturally occurring pesticide - Increases production - could feed more people - Grow more per square area - Doesn't spoil as quickly - Bigger - tastier
Nitrate
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Economic services
Bt Corn
32. Controversial logging practice where all trees in an area are uniformly cut down - used by foresters to create certain types of forest ecosystems and to promote select species that requires an abudnace of sunlight or grow in large - even--age stands
Mountain-Top Removal
Clear-cutting
Industrial Agriculture/ Factory Farming
Clear cutting
33. By far the best method for managing pests - Uses chemical pesticides - biocontrol - AND diversity - Not monoculture; things are planted in a mosaic so that if pests attack all of the corn in one area there is still more corn somewhere else - Proven t
Things people can do to avoid depleting minerals
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Pest management
Community supported agriculture (CSA)
34. To reclaim is to make things level - and to get something growing and prevent erosion - If the U.S were to try to reclaim - it would cost tax payers about 2 trillion dollars.
To purify copper from malachite
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Mountain-Top Removal
Slag
35. Mix the malachite with water and 6M sulfuric acid and heat the mixture - creating a transformation reaction where the only left over matter is the sand - which is then strained out. Iron fillings are then added to the solution - a substitution react
Selective cutting
To purify copper from malachite
Open pit mine
Lesson from Food Inc
36. A naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure - a specific chemical composition - and distinct physical properties.
Nitrate
Smelting
Malnourishment
Minerals
37. A fossil fuel composed of organic matter that was compressed under very high pressure to form a dense - solid carbon structure.
Genetically modified food
Strip Cutting
Coal
Food security
38. Organic macromolecules hardest to provide during a famine
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Sustainable Forestry
Protein (usually)
Monoculture
39. Can hurt other species - methods used to control other species can become invasive species themselves - Ex. Australia released a virus to kill the excessive rabbits; Australians brought in cane toads to kill beetles on their sugar cane - BUT the toa
Monoculture
Advantages & Disadvantages of surface mining
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Dangers of Biological control
40. 1990 Clean Air Act amendments encouraged clean-burning low-sulfur coal led to more mining in Appalachia -dumping ton of debris sinto valley degrades and destroys areas of habitat -social and health impacts. loose rock tumbles down into homes - overl
Manmade nitrogen fertilizers
Acid mine drainage
Impact of Mountain-Top Removal
Strip cutting
41. way to enhance nutrient-limited soils - Inorganic fertilizers- mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements - Organic fertilizers consist of the remains or wastes of organisms that include animal mancure - organic fertilizers can improve
Lesson from Food Inc
Current Population/ 2100 projects of world population
Fertilizers
Open pit mine
42. Made by mixing the remains or wastes of organisms including animal manure (essential) - crop residues - fresh vegetation - and compost
Dangers of Biological control
Manmade nitrogen ertilizers
Monoculture
Fertilizers
43. Cheapest - easiest transportation removal of lumber - Most environmentally harmful - takes all trees - leaves nothing
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
Community garden
Clear cutting
Why malachite was originally left behind as tailing from copper mines
44. Makes money - remove resources from its original location - Firewood - Paper - Lumber - Charocoal - Gem - Hunting - Medicine
Economic services
Biological control (alternative to pesticides)
Coal
Manure/compost
45. Solid waste from smelts
Adaptive Management
Slag
Overburden
Malnourishment
46. Natural fertilizers from decomposing solid organic matter; have lots of nitrogen
Selective Cutting
Manure/compost
What we can do to make forestry more sustainable
Malnourishment/Kwashiorkor
47. Advantages: removes the least amount of unwanted material so less waste - Disadvantages: potential collapse; sinkholes; acid drainage; pollutes groundwater; risk of injury/death from dynamite blasts - natural gas explosions - inhalation of toxic gass
How corn yield has changed in the United States since the 1920s
Subsurface mining
Clear cutting
Advantages & Disadvantages of Subsurface mining
48. A single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Subsurface mining
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Community garden
49. Not enough of some vitamin/mineral/essential thing in food
Fertilizers
Bt Corn
Undernourishment/Marasmus
Selective Cutting
50. Cut trees shortly after they go through their fastest stage of growth (which is during their intermediate age) - Advantages: maximizes timber production over time - Disadvantages: trees get cut before they mature; alters forest ecology; eliminates ha
Effect of man made fertilizer on the amount of nitrate in the soil and water from 100 years ago
Maximum Sustainable Yield
Effect of Monsanto on soybean farming since 1994
Agricultural revolution and technology