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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anthropologist: symbolic anthropology. Interpretation of cultures.






2. Thinkers: linguistics






3. What people SHOULD do according to values and norms






4. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome






5. Goods flow to central place - and are distributed again (Eg -US Tax System). Reqs strong central political organization. Sometimes Prestige is derived from giving away valuables






6. The scientific study of the structure - sounds - and meaning of language






7. Family who excavate Olduvai Gorge






8. Social Movements to build an ideology that is relevant to changing cultural needs (their understanding of world). Eg: Melanesian Cargo Cults - or Mormonism in the US (Joseph Smith)






9. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






10. The skeletal remains of Homo erectus - found at Zhoukoudian - near Peking - China - in the late 1930s and early 1940s and subsequently lost during World War II






11. From Africa to Eurasia (through Himalayas/Silk Road - across straight of Gilbralter.






12. Refined the Flake Stone Tools (flint): Mousterian Industry. Neanderthal Man.






13. Any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation






14. Spread of an IDEA from one group to another.






15. Melanesia (SW Pacific WWII+). Western goods created by ancestral spirits (intended for them - but controlled by whites).






16. Person is considered equally related to kinfolk on either side of the family. Western Socs. (bilateral)






17. Structionalism. Amazon tribe. ethnographic.






18. All cultures accept. But only 20% of societies are considered strictly monogamous (one marriage per lifetime)






19. The archaeology of ancient Egypt






20. System of symbols - mediate b/n an individual and his world. Way of Life. Make sense of world - motivate behavior






21. Essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin - and is the process by which those members of a particular species that are better adapted to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring than the poorer adapted.






22. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






23. Man marries widow of his dead brother






24. Animistic/Shamanistic. Animal or other naturalistic figure that spiritually represents a person or a clan (intimate relationship)






25. The school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss - in which cultures - viewed as systems - are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. Referring to mental structure.






26. The elementary structure. all cultural systems are built is a set of four types of organically linked relationships: brother/sister - husband/wife - father/son - and mother's brother/sister's son. (Levi-Strauss).






27. Provisional sampling cuts to explore potential excavation sites. Tigris/Euphrates flooded regularly so hard to navigate.






28. The application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and 'survival of the fittest' to human societies - particularly as justification for United States expansion. (white man's burden)






29. A change or alteration in nitrogenous bases of DNA.






30. Platyrrhini - south america - small mammals - tree dwellers - prehensile tails - noctural - monogamous (gibbons - marmosets)






31. Fixed at birth - unchangeable - endogamous. India: Brahmins - warriors - artisans - laborers (then untouchables)






32. Communal Ownership of Land. Some ownership - but pastures - forests - mountains - waterways - sacred grounds - are shared






33. Position from which members engage in social practices. (Sociology focuses on interrelationship/effect of status






34. The aspect of archaeology that deals with the past of man before he learned to write has - since the middle of the 19th century - aka prehistory.






35. Chopper-chopping tool industry (Pebble Industry). Wood -bone -stone tools. Homo Erectus. Hand-Axe (700kya): Abbevillian Industry (France) and later - Acheulian Industry (Eur/Af/As). Flake Stone Tools (flint): Clactonian Industry






36. Anthropologist: 12-volume comparative study of Religion (using ethnographic details) - evolution of religion from magic.






37. All the knowledge and values shared by a society






38. Transfer of cultural traits/ideas from one society/ethnic group to another. McDonald's (US=Fast Food - China=Special Occasion)






39. Cohesive set of myths (religion/belief system)






40. (HG) Personalized - supernatural beings (souls or gods) inhabit ordinary objects and govern their existence. Everything has a soul. Zambia - Congo - Gabon - Guinea - Indonesia - Japan - Laos - Myanmar - Peru - Philippines (+ Canada - Russia - Sweden






41. The process through which genes pass from the gene pool of one population through mating and reproduction to that of another.






42. Relatives on each side of marriage - extending at least to second cousin. Urbanization - migration = less importance






43. Ancestors to modern gorillas - chimpanzees - orangutans and humans who diverged 30 million years ago from monkeys. Characteristics include: large - strong jaw - large brain and partially erect posture.






44. Began 5k ya in Mesopotamia - Egypt - possible to create flood control plans. Later in India - China - then Europe.






45. Thinker. functionalism. religion. suicide






46. First used in admin of British Colonies by Northcote Thomas in Nigeria in 1908. 'Age of Enlightenment'/Natural Science






47. Form of government of Hittites - Assyrians - Babylonians - Israelites






48. Groups descended from mother or father's line only. (unilateral)






49. Permanent formal government structures and socioeconomic stratification. Most people in world's society. Autonomous political units - social classes - Formal govt based on Law - social status - population control - judges - law enf - fiscal.






50. Spread to Huang Ho (Yellow River Valley) of China - and SE Asia by 3500BC (millet and rice).- Neolithic