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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.






2. Closest living animal to modern humans. 96% same DNA.






3. The study of how people use language in context - how utterances are used - either figuratively or literally - in communicative acts.






4. Value of gift and time of repayment are not specified






5. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)






6. Indissoluble in Roman Catholic and Hindu. Pueblo Indians: woman simply leaves moccasins on the doorstep (NM -AZ) No divorce allowed in Malta - Philippines. Low divorce rate in Japan. Islam allows but discourages (3x limit)






7. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






8. The skeletal remains of Homo erectus - found at Zhoukoudian - near Peking - China - in the late 1930s and early 1940s and subsequently lost during World War II






9. The elementary structure. all cultural systems are built is a set of four types of organically linked relationships: brother/sister - husband/wife - father/son - and mother's brother/sister's son. (Levi-Strauss).






10. Provisional sampling cuts to explore potential excavation sites. Tigris/Euphrates flooded regularly so hard to navigate.






11. Scarcity - Supply & Demand - Self-interest - personal gain - rational decision-making. Economy can be analyzed independent of other social structures and institutions.Emph: Choice of Indiv actor






12. German archeologists who discovered the site of Troy in the late 1800's






13. Anthrpologist: Arapaho - archeo/anthro. preservation of Indian tribal culture. salvage ethnography. student of Boas.






14. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






15. Found Australopathicus skull in 1959. Upright human footprints in 1978






16. Relatives on each side of marriage - extending at least to second cousin. Urbanization - migration = less importance






17. (geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest






18. Not universal. Evolved in last 10k years (surplus food - development of states). States are political system most likely to go to war






19. Common in non-intensive food production. Villages=Various descent groups (clans/bands) - no formal govt or social classes.






20. Anthropologist: After armchair anthro...embarked on early anthro expeditions (not scientifically rigorous).






21. Holistic study of humanity.






22. Pueblco - Fremont - Missisippian






23. Political order (polity) is not a distinct institution - it is embedded in the overall social order. No formal govt






24. 1962; employ mine detectors. pulsed-induction meter and the soil-conductivity meter detect magnetic soil anomalies - only if the features are fairly shallow.






25. A group of sexually reproducing individuals (of the same species) mating with each other and sharing a common gene pool.






26. First used in admin of British Colonies by Northcote Thomas in Nigeria in 1908. 'Age of Enlightenment'/Natural Science






27. The process of removing earth carefully and systemically from an area in order to find buried remains






28. (HG) Personalized - supernatural beings (souls or gods) inhabit ordinary objects and govern their existence. Everything has a soul. Zambia - Congo - Gabon - Guinea - Indonesia - Japan - Laos - Myanmar - Peru - Philippines (+ Canada - Russia - Sweden






29. Spread of something from one group to another






30. Logic/Observation (not gods). Thales - Xenophanes - Pyhtagorus - Hippocrates. Differed from Near Eastern thought.






31. Ritual of Greek Citizenship






32. A change or alteration in nitrogenous bases of DNA.






33. Story with deep explanatory or symbolic resonance for a culture






34. Thinker. functionalism. religion. suicide






35. Mexico - sun/war/civilization gods - subord women - human sacrifice - cannibalism - time/calendars. Caste system - architecture - learning and the arts - polytheistic - pictorial alphabet






36. USA/Mexico/C. Am. Corn (maize) - beans - squash 6500BC (village life not until 2k BC).- Neolithic






37. The science dealing with the measurement of the human body to determine differences in individuals or groups






38. Giving and receiving are specific as to value of goods - and time of delivery.






39. Ritual in Japan/Samurai - boys 12-16 - temple - adult clothes/hair






40. Hypertrophic horticulture among large populations






41. Using a radioactive process to determine the age of an item. millions of years.






42. Species of people that inhabited much of Europe and the Mediterranean lands c. 200 -000-28 -000 years ago. The name derives from the discovery in 1856 of remains in a cave above Germany's Neander Valley. Neanderthals were short - stout - and powerful






43. Seperation(leave) - Liminality(limbo) - Incorporation(rejoin).






44. Basic building blocks of culture. Without them - there is no culture






45. The sex cell of a plant or animal may contain one factor (allele) for different traits but not both factors needed to express the traits

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46. The commonness of the occurrence of any particular allele in a population (a fraction)






47. Also known as 'biological anthropology -' studies the mechanisms of biological evolution - genetic inheritance - human adaptability and variation - primatology - and the fossil record of human evolution.






48. What people ACTUALLY do in everyday - real life interactio






49. Family that raised you






50. The observable characteristics of an organism - including physical appearance.







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