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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






2. Women are material objects - promised to a man in return for reciprocity (usually another woman - or political alliance






3. Anthropologist: symbolic anthropology. Interpretation of cultures.






4. Ancient Roman patrilineal clan that shared the same surname - and a legendary common ancestor (worshipped)






5. Seperation(leave) - Liminality(limbo) - Incorporation(rejoin).






6. The study of the literal meanings and the interpretation of words.






7. Anthropologist: After armchair anthro...embarked on early anthro expeditions (not scientifically rigorous).






8. Study of human activity and cultures through material remains. non-natural science. half science - half humanity. Fills in gaps in human history.






9. Belief of early anthropologist that cultures evolve through various stages from a simpler and more primitive state to a complex and more culturally advanced state.






10. <40kya): Regional stone tool industries (Perigordian - Aurignacian - Solutrean - Magdelenian) - More complex - specialized - variety of tools. Regional artistic traditions. Homosapien - Neanderthal - Cro-magnon. Small Sculptures (E. Eur): Small - por






11. The science dealing with the measurement of the human body to determine differences in individuals or groups






12. From Africa to Eurasia (through Himalayas/Silk Road - across straight of Gilbralter.






13. Closest living animal to modern humans. 96% same DNA.






14. Early anthropologists such as E.B. Taylor and J.G. Frazer in England who worked mostly with materials collected by others - usually missionaries - traders - explorers - or colonial officials.






15. Common ancestor. Endogamy forbidden (regarded as incest). Can be Matriclan/Patriclan






16. Holistic study of humanity.






17. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






18. Muslim (up to 4 wives by law). Middle East - Asia - North Africa. Native Americans (before European values)






19. (1940)archaeological prospecting employing electricity and magnetic fields. A method of large-scale oil prospecting: electrical conductivity present in the soil.






20. Ancient Hebrew manuscripts hidden in clay jars in caves near Qumran by the Dead Sea that were discovered accidentally by Bedouin while looking for a stray animal in 1947..






21. Transfer of cultural traits/ideas from one society/ethnic group to another. McDonald's (US=Fast Food - China=Special Occasion)






22. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure






23. Planned - rescue - and accidental.






24. World's first cities appeared between the years 4000 and 3500 BC.






25. What people ACTUALLY do in everyday - real life interactio






26. (3k BC) Spread copper tools to Sudan - but rest of Africa passed directly from Mesolithic to Iron Age. Theocracy government. (Bronze age)






27. A larger collection of DNA that contains many genes and the support proteins needed to control these genes.






28. The subfield of anthropology that focuses on variations in cultural behaviors among human populations






29. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome






30. The earliest member of the genus Homo - ape-like - found on sites dating 2mya Dr. Leakey in Olduvai Gorge - Africa. 775cc brain (1/2 sapien) tool users. Lived 50 -000 years. 'handy man'






31. Form of government of Hittites - Assyrians - Babylonians - Israelites






32. (Foragers): Earliest and most stable form of human subsistence. Unit of production = Unit of Consumption. Of 150billion who have ever lived - 60% were HG. 99% of history as humans is as HG






33. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






34. The school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss - in which cultures - viewed as systems - are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. Referring to mental structure.






35. 'Upright Man' - An extinct species of the genus Homo - Africa/Europe/Asia. fire and tools. hand ax. early speech.






36. The observable characteristics of an organism - including physical appearance.






37. The application of scientific principles to agriculture especially to animal breeding






38. A subdivision within the primate order based on shared anatomical characteristics that larger brains - binocular vision - parental care - longer gestational period - slower maturation.






39. Eg - Barter. Scarce goods from one group are exchanged for desirable goods from another group. Giver tries to come out on top. Ultimate form = taking by force.






40. With reference to the writing of P. Teilhard de Chardin - a stage - world or sphere of evolutionary development characterized by consciousness - the mind - information and interpersonal relationships.






41. Pueblco - Fremont - Missisippian






42. Method of detecting buried features by locating the magnetic disturbances they cause: (1957-58) proton magnetometer - the proton gradiometer - and the fluxgate gradiometer.






43. Family that raised you






44. Thinker. functionalism. religion. suicide






45. All cultures accept. But only 20% of societies are considered strictly monogamous (one marriage per lifetime)






46. Gene flow usually occuring in humans as a result of actual migration of populations (either forced or voluntary).






47. The sex cell of a plant or animal may contain one factor (allele) for different traits but not both factors needed to express the traits

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48. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






49. Technology that Spread east to Indus River Valley (India) by 5k BC






50. Cholula - Huastec - Mixtec - Olmec - Pipil - Totonac - Toltec - Zapote