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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characteristics are inherited independently from other characteristics

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2. Ancestors to modern gorillas - chimpanzees - orangutans and humans who diverged 30 million years ago from monkeys. Characteristics include: large - strong jaw - large brain and partially erect posture.






3. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. Ethnographic fieldwork - reciprocity - Pacific Islands. After Rivers (more rigor) 'Participant Observation'. WWI spent 2 years in Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea)






4. Based on institutionalized beliefs and practices dealing with ultimate meaning of life. Belief stems from their experience of the world.






5. Cultural phenom existed for a reason - but persist when conditions change (superstition=vestige of rational practices).






6. Family who excavate Olduvai Gorge






7. Large neolithic farming village in Turkey during 6700 B.C. - 5700 B.C.






8. Aborigine (dreamtime/totem)






9. A process in which chromosomes physically exchange parts.






10. The elementary structure. all cultural systems are built is a set of four types of organically linked relationships: brother/sister - husband/wife - father/son - and mother's brother/sister's son. (Levi-Strauss).






11. Marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law






12. Cohesive set of myths (religion/belief system)






13. Study of remains found in layers of soil and rock






14. Anthropologist: 12-volume comparative study of Religion (using ethnographic details) - evolution of religion from magic.






15. Anthropologist: Indians (North - Central - South America). Recorded folktales of blacks in N. America and West Indies.






16. Women are material objects - promised to a man in return for reciprocity (usually another woman - or political alliance






17. Using a radioactive process to determine the age of an item. millions of years.






18. The archaeology of ancient Egypt






19. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






20. Anthropologist: (early 1900s): Culture = combination of universals - alternatives - specialties - individual peculiarities. The Study of Man (1936) and The Tree of Culture (1955)






21. The sum total of the genes carried by the individual members of the population






22. Ceremonial distrib of property/gifts to affirm social status. Ritual generosity - conspic consump. Wealth used to purchase Prestige. NW Pacific Indian Tribes Haida - Nuxalk - Tlingit - Tsimshian - Salish - Nuu-chah-nulth - and Kwakiutl. Also similar






23. 'Verbal Evaluation - Patterns of Association - symbolic Indicators(wealth/dress/job)'. Haviland






24. (HG) Personalized - supernatural beings (souls or gods) inhabit ordinary objects and govern their existence. Everything has a soul. Zambia - Congo - Gabon - Guinea - Indonesia - Japan - Laos - Myanmar - Peru - Philippines (+ Canada - Russia - Sweden






25. Position from which members engage in social practices. (Sociology focuses on interrelationship/effect of status






26. (Veblen): Display of wealth by its owner for social prestige






27. Plants and animals all evolved over a long period of time from simple into more complex life forms. (Darwin)






28. Theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. (Talcott Parsons)






29. Ritual in Japan/Samurai - boys 12-16 - temple - adult clothes/hair






30. Study of human activity and cultures through material remains. non-natural science. half science - half humanity. Fills in gaps in human history.






31. First used in admin of British Colonies by Northcote Thomas in Nigeria in 1908. 'Age of Enlightenment'/Natural Science






32. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






33. First farming. 9-7k BC. Middle East (Iraq - Iran - Israel etc.) Barley - wheat - sheep - goats. (cows/pigs later). Spread from Middle East north to Europe - Neolithic






34. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome






35. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






36. Gene flow usually occuring in humans as a result of actual migration of populations (either forced or voluntary).






37. Seperation(leave) - Liminality(limbo) - Incorporation(rejoin).






38. King of Babylon. had law code (discipline - order in society - pessimistic outlook) Sanctioned by the gods






39. The observable characteristics of an organism - including physical appearance.






40. Basic building blocks of culture. Without them - there is no culture






41. Communication element. Represents a complex of person - object - group - or idea. Graphically or Representationally.






42. Acting as a communiction link between producers and users of new technology






43. Action - research & development - community - advocacy - cultural/social marketing






44. A systematic and detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork - direct contact - and qualitive research.






45. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






46. All the knowledge and values shared by a society






47. Any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation






48. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






49. Research in which the data is recorded in numerical form.






50. USA/Mexico/C. Am. Corn (maize) - beans - squash 6500BC (village life not until 2k BC).- Neolithic