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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20 century anthropologist.structural-functionalism. primitive societies - Durkhiem






2. Cohesive set of myths (religion/belief system)






3. Early anthropologists such as E.B. Taylor and J.G. Frazer in England who worked mostly with materials collected by others - usually missionaries - traders - explorers - or colonial officials.






4. Difference in the genes between different species or members of the same species - caused by the varying number of structure of the chromosome. Not all may be observable as phenotypic variations






5. Not universal. Evolved in last 10k years (surplus food - development of states). States are political system most likely to go to war






6. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






7. Evaluating other groups according to THEIR standards (not judging)






8. Platyrrhini - south america - small mammals - tree dwellers - prehensile tails - noctural - monogamous (gibbons - marmosets)






9. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






10. Primitive people. Some people have special power - middlemen b/n man and god. Performs ritual magic to save tribe in trouble






11. Improve welfare of people in underdeveloped countries (usually through economic growth).






12. Man marries widow of his dead brother






13. The application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and 'survival of the fittest' to human societies - particularly as justification for United States expansion. (white man's burden)






14. The exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes - creating a new combination of genes on the chromosome.






15. Invented smelting of iron






16. Father of Modern Anthropology - noted for applying the scientific method to the study of human cultures and societies. Opposed evolutionist.






17. (Veblen): Display of wealth by its owner for social prestige






18. The genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles - that determines hereditary potential/limits from embyro to adulthood.






19. Animistic/Shamanistic. Animal or other naturalistic figure that spiritually represents a person or a clan (intimate relationship)






20. The commonness of the occurrence of any particular allele in a population (a fraction)






21. Based on institutionalized beliefs and practices dealing with ultimate meaning of life. Belief stems from their experience of the world.






22. Goods flow to central place - and are distributed again (Eg -US Tax System). Reqs strong central political organization. Sometimes Prestige is derived from giving away valuables






23. Research that refers to in-depth study using face-to-face or observation techniques to collect data from people in their natural settings.






24. The living world. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist






25. Ceremonial distrib of property/gifts to affirm social status. Ritual generosity - conspic consump. Wealth used to purchase Prestige. NW Pacific Indian Tribes Haida - Nuxalk - Tlingit - Tsimshian - Salish - Nuu-chah-nulth - and Kwakiutl. Also similar






26. German archeologists who discovered the site of Troy in the late 1800's






27. Eg - Barter. Scarce goods from one group are exchanged for desirable goods from another group. Giver tries to come out on top. Ultimate form = taking by force.






28. Food foragers (in-sync with env - see themselves as a harmonious part of natural world).






29. Species of people that inhabited much of Europe and the Mediterranean lands c. 200 -000-28 -000 years ago. The name derives from the discovery in 1856 of remains in a cave above Germany's Neander Valley. Neanderthals were short - stout - and powerful






30. The skeletal remains of Homo erectus - found at Zhoukoudian - near Peking - China - in the late 1930s and early 1940s and subsequently lost during World War II






31. USA/Mexico/C. Am. Corn (maize) - beans - squash 6500BC (village life not until 2k BC).- Neolithic






32. A change or alteration in nitrogenous bases of DNA.






33. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome






34. Through the mother but DOES NOT imply matriarchy






35. Catarrhini (hooked nose). Asia - Africa - Europe. large mammals. ground dwellers. carniverous. harems/sexual dimorphism. non-prehensile tails (baboons - macaque - proboscic monkey.






36. Yanonamo Village invites another village. Social gathering/political alliances (like dinner party). Yan=deceiptful






37. Gene flow usually occuring in humans as a result of actual migration of populations (either forced or voluntary).






38. What people SHOULD do according to values and norms






39. Chopper-chopping tool industry (Pebble Industry). Wood -bone -stone tools. Homo Erectus. Hand-Axe (700kya): Abbevillian Industry (France) and later - Acheulian Industry (Eur/Af/As). Flake Stone Tools (flint): Clactonian Industry






40. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






41. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)






42. Chavin - Chibcham Chimor - Chachapoya - Huari - Inca - Moche - Nazca - Tairona - Tiwanaku






43. The non-living world. the area from the surface of earth down to its center.






44. Ritual in Burma/Thai boy monks 7-14 - 'Jewel Princess'






45. Set of rights and obligations inherent in a social position.






46. The 2nd in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. (Domestication of animals - cultivation)






47. Created by Setting upper grindstone at an angle when grinding red ochre=sharp edge=Celt (like a chisel or axe - Egypt)- Neolithic






48. Milan (1957) probe penetrates burial chambers and photographs walls and contents.






49. Structionalism. Amazon tribe. ethnographic.






50. Created by repeated pecking at grindstones b/c too smooth to grind red ochre=Macehead (Egypt/Nile Valley)- Neolithic