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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. Ethnographic fieldwork - reciprocity - Pacific Islands. After Rivers (more rigor) 'Participant Observation'. WWI spent 2 years in Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea)






2. Non-industrial socs. People produce own food - but an elite controls a portion of production






3. Animistic/Shamanistic. Animal or other naturalistic figure that spiritually represents a person or a clan (intimate relationship)






4. The study of how people use language in context - how utterances are used - either figuratively or literally - in communicative acts.






5. Authority is allocated. Use force to achieve peace & conformance with law & custom - maintain territory against ext threat.






6. Vietnam War (Jesus=jeep/camo) - Native Americans (Dance of the Spirits) - Africa (Abacus/Menstrual Cycle)






7. Position from which members engage in social practices. (Sociology focuses on interrelationship/effect of status






8. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






9. The discovery and recording of archaeological sites and their examination by methods other than the use of the spade and the trowel






10. Logic/Observation (not gods). Thales - Xenophanes - Pyhtagorus - Hippocrates. Differed from Near Eastern thought.






11. The application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and 'survival of the fittest' to human societies - particularly as justification for United States expansion. (white man's burden)






12. Groups descended from mother or father's line only. (unilateral)






13. Permanent formal government structures and socioeconomic stratification. Most people in world's society. Autonomous political units - social classes - Formal govt based on Law - social status - population control - judges - law enf - fiscal.






14. The process through which genes pass from the gene pool of one population through mating and reproduction to that of another.






15. The sum total of the genes carried by the individual members of the population






16. Marks change in social or sexual status. Birth - Circumcision - Coming of Age - Wedding - Menopause - Death






17. By-product of grinding red ochre (magic powers) - Neolithic






18. Change based on belief in inevitable advance of science and Western secularism. Industrial growth - consolidation of the state - bureaucratization - market economy - tech advances - literacy - social mobility






19. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome






20. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






21. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






22. Mobile Foragers (Eskimo) combine nuclear families. Don't allow accumulated wealth - prize generosity - equality of resources






23. Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic formation in a double-helix; (Watson & Crick)






24. Primitive people. Some people have special power - middlemen b/n man and god. Performs ritual magic to save tribe in trouble






25. Pueblco - Fremont - Missisippian






26. Wheat - barley - flax began in Asia. Entered Africa through Nile Delta (Egypt). One form of wheat began in Ethiopia. - Neolithic






27. The application of scientific principles to agriculture especially to animal breeding






28. Mexico - sun/war/civilization gods - subord women - human sacrifice - cannibalism - time/calendars. Caste system - architecture - learning and the arts - polytheistic - pictorial alphabet






29. The linguistic hypothesis holds that language predisposes us to see the world in a certain way was developed by these two.






30. The non-living world. the area from the surface of earth down to its center.






31. Fixed at birth - unchangeable - endogamous. India: Brahmins - warriors - artisans - laborers (then untouchables)






32. Gene flow usually occuring in humans as a result of actual migration of populations (either forced or voluntary).






33. Early humans and human like creature. Erect - large complex brain - tool-using - community organization.






34. Consists of social impact assessment - evaluation research - technology development research - cultural resource assessment






35. Flat/broad nosed primates; New World monkeys






36. Marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law






37. Closest living animal to modern humans. 96% same DNA.






38. Muslim (up to 4 wives by law). Middle East - Asia - North Africa. Native Americans (before European values)






39. Anthropologist: symbolic anthropology. Interpretation of cultures.






40. Melanesia (SW Pacific WWII+). Western goods created by ancestral spirits (intended for them - but controlled by whites).






41. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






42. Shorthand - Morse Code






43. Plants and animals all evolved over a long period of time from simple into more complex life forms. (Darwin)






44. Political order (polity) is not a distinct institution - it is embedded in the overall social order. No formal govt






45. King of Babylon. had law code (discipline - order in society - pessimistic outlook) Sanctioned by the gods






46. All cultures accept. But only 20% of societies are considered strictly monogamous (one marriage per lifetime)






47. Using a radioactive process to determine the age of an item. millions of years.






48. Used to date organic remains and rocks from 50 -000yrs ago to present (atomic physics)






49. Man marries widow of his dead brother






50. Social Movements to build an ideology that is relevant to changing cultural needs (their understanding of world). Eg: Melanesian Cargo Cults - or Mormonism in the US (Joseph Smith)