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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles - that determines hereditary potential/limits from embyro to adulthood.






2. Vietnam War (Jesus=jeep/camo) - Native Americans (Dance of the Spirits) - Africa (Abacus/Menstrual Cycle)






3. Communal Ownership of Land. Some ownership - but pastures - forests - mountains - waterways - sacred grounds - are shared






4. Structionalism. Amazon tribe. ethnographic.






5. Focusing efforts to implement positive change in a culture






6. Transfer of cultural traits/ideas from one society/ethnic group to another. McDonald's (US=Fast Food - China=Special Occasion)






7. The study of the patterns and distributions of speech sounds in a language and the tacit rules for their pronunciation.






8. The archaeology of ancient Egypt






9. Food foragers (in-sync with env - see themselves as a harmonious part of natural world).






10. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






11. World's first cities appeared between the years 4000 and 3500 BC.






12. Anthropologist: symbolic anthropology. Interpretation of cultures.






13. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)






14. Things all people do the same way (language)






15. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






16. Belief of early anthropologist that cultures evolve through various stages from a simpler and more primitive state to a complex and more culturally advanced state.






17. A process in which chromosomes physically exchange parts.






18. Hawaiian - aroi sun kingdom






19. Thinker. functionalism. religion. suicide






20. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.






21. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome






22. The living world. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist






23. (Foragers): Earliest and most stable form of human subsistence. Unit of production = Unit of Consumption. Of 150billion who have ever lived - 60% were HG. 99% of history as humans is as HG






24. Chopper-chopping tool industry (Pebble Industry). Wood -bone -stone tools. Homo Erectus. Hand-Axe (700kya): Abbevillian Industry (France) and later - Acheulian Industry (Eur/Af/As). Flake Stone Tools (flint): Clactonian Industry






25. Fixed at birth - unchangeable - endogamous. India: Brahmins - warriors - artisans - laborers (then untouchables)






26. King of Babylon. had law code (discipline - order in society - pessimistic outlook) Sanctioned by the gods






27. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






28. Essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin - and is the process by which those members of a particular species that are better adapted to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring than the poorer adapted.






29. Person is considered equally related to kinfolk on either side of the family. Western Socs. (bilateral)






30. Mobile Foragers (Eskimo) combine nuclear families. Don't allow accumulated wealth - prize generosity - equality of resources






31. The 1st in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. (hunter-gatherer - hordes - no class - no ownership).






32. Relatives on each side of marriage - extending at least to second cousin. Urbanization - migration = less importance






33. (HG) Personalized - supernatural beings (souls or gods) inhabit ordinary objects and govern their existence. Everything has a soul. Zambia - Congo - Gabon - Guinea - Indonesia - Japan - Laos - Myanmar - Peru - Philippines (+ Canada - Russia - Sweden






34. One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic - such as hair color






35. Found Australopathicus skull in 1959. Upright human footprints in 1978






36. Perform Rituals in belief that ancestors will recognize their own people and make very valuable cargo come (utopian/millenial). John Frum






37. Not universal. Evolved in last 10k years (surplus food - development of states). States are political system most likely to go to war






38. Ceremonial distrib of property/gifts to affirm social status. Ritual generosity - conspic consump. Wealth used to purchase Prestige. NW Pacific Indian Tribes Haida - Nuxalk - Tlingit - Tsimshian - Salish - Nuu-chah-nulth - and Kwakiutl. Also similar






39. Large neolithic farming village in Turkey during 6700 B.C. - 5700 B.C.






40. Form of government of Hittites - Assyrians - Babylonians - Israelites






41. Small segment of DNA that codes for the systhesis (creation) of a specific protein - and thus determines a trait.






42. The study of how people use language in context - how utterances are used - either figuratively or literally - in communicative acts.






43. Anthropologist: Survival=Symbolic form of earlier custom (mock battle in nuptial rituals=vestige of actually 'capturing the bride'






44. 20 century anthropologist.structural-functionalism. primitive societies - Durkhiem






45. Study of human activity and cultures through material remains. non-natural science. half science - half humanity. Fills in gaps in human history.






46. Scarcity - Supply & Demand - Self-interest - personal gain - rational decision-making. Economy can be analyzed independent of other social structures and institutions.Emph: Choice of Indiv actor






47. (1940)archaeological prospecting employing electricity and magnetic fields. A method of large-scale oil prospecting: electrical conductivity present in the soil.






48. Either of 2 sibs - clans - kinship groups - of unilateral descent - that together make up a tribe or society






49. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






50. Species of people that inhabited much of Europe and the Mediterranean lands c. 200 -000-28 -000 years ago. The name derives from the discovery in 1856 of remains in a cave above Germany's Neander Valley. Neanderthals were short - stout - and powerful