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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An impersonal supernatural force that flows in and out of people and objects






2. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






3. The 3rd in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. Human form of culture. many people in urban center - smelt metals - method of writing.






4. Set of rights and obligations inherent in a social position.






5. The observable characteristics of an organism - including physical appearance.






6. Family who excavate Olduvai Gorge






7. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






8. Acting as a communiction link between producers and users of new technology






9. The application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and 'survival of the fittest' to human societies - particularly as justification for United States expansion. (white man's burden)






10. From Africa to Eurasia (through Himalayas/Silk Road - across straight of Gilbralter.






11. The study of the patterns and distributions of speech sounds in a language and the tacit rules for their pronunciation.






12. Closest living animal to modern humans. 96% same DNA.






13. Consists of social impact assessment - evaluation research - technology development research - cultural resource assessment






14. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)






15. Research that refers to in-depth study using face-to-face or observation techniques to collect data from people in their natural settings.






16. Skipped Bronze Age. Intermediate Neolithic tools were used instead (Zaire - Ghana). But not in Kenya (no celts - axes etc)






17. Indissoluble in Roman Catholic and Hindu. Pueblo Indians: woman simply leaves moccasins on the doorstep (NM -AZ) No divorce allowed in Malta - Philippines. Low divorce rate in Japan. Islam allows but discourages (3x limit)






18. Milan (1957) probe penetrates burial chambers and photographs walls and contents.






19. Exchange of goods/services/gifts/emotions b/n two parties. Often ritual/ceremony. Characteristic of HG groups






20. Old Stone Age. 2.5 mya - 2kya. Chipped stone tools. earliest human ancestors. pleistocene.






21. Early anthropologists such as E.B. Taylor and J.G. Frazer in England who worked mostly with materials collected by others - usually missionaries - traders - explorers - or colonial officials.






22. People group: (S. Mesopotamia/Iraq). Advanced Tech (bronze tools/weapons). Writing (cuneiform) - law - educations - intellectual - economic. City-state government






23. Scarcity - Supply & Demand - Self-interest - personal gain - rational decision-making. Economy can be analyzed independent of other social structures and institutions.Emph: Choice of Indiv actor






24. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure






25. Anthropologist: cross-cultural values






26. Logic/Observation (not gods). Thales - Xenophanes - Pyhtagorus - Hippocrates. Differed from Near Eastern thought.






27. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






28. Category of individuals who enjoy equal prestige according to a society. (Perception of class is relative). Economics - social status - aesthetic preferences - behavior - occupation - appearance - civic involvement






29. Women are material objects - promised to a man in return for reciprocity (usually another woman - or political alliance






30. The 2nd in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. (Domestication of animals - cultivation)






31. Chopper-chopping tool industry (Pebble Industry). Wood -bone -stone tools. Homo Erectus. Hand-Axe (700kya): Abbevillian Industry (France) and later - Acheulian Industry (Eur/Af/As). Flake Stone Tools (flint): Clactonian Industry






32. Hypertrophic horticulture among large populations






33. Buying/selling goods & Services with prices set by supply & demand. (usually involves money). Haviland: Informal v. Formal (govt controlled)






34. Characteristics are inherited independently from other characteristics

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35. Holistic study of humanity.






36. Collecting community data for use by development planners






37. The actual time (usually measured in years) as determined by radioactive decay of elements






38. Social Movements to build an ideology that is relevant to changing cultural needs (their understanding of world). Eg: Melanesian Cargo Cults - or Mormonism in the US (Joseph Smith)






39. Ancient Roman patrilineal clan that shared the same surname - and a legendary common ancestor (worshipped)






40. Mexico - sun/war/civilization gods - subord women - human sacrifice - cannibalism - time/calendars. Caste system - architecture - learning and the arts - polytheistic - pictorial alphabet






41. Invented smelting of iron






42. Position from which members engage in social practices. (Sociology focuses on interrelationship/effect of status






43. All cultures accept. But only 20% of societies are considered strictly monogamous (one marriage per lifetime)






44. A theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term survival. (Emile Durkheim)






45. Relatives through marriage






46. A systematic and detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork - direct contact - and qualitive research.






47. Strong social prohibition. Abhorrent to society. Eg - Hinduism: killing the co






48. The 1st in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. (hunter-gatherer - hordes - no class - no ownership).






49. Man marries widow of his dead brother






50. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc







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