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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Half way b/n tribe and a state. Permanent political structure. Transitional form of sociopol org in evolution of tribe to state






2. Created by Setting upper grindstone at an angle when grinding red ochre=sharp edge=Celt (like a chisel or axe - Egypt)- Neolithic






3. A subdivision within the primate order based on shared anatomical primitive traits: side eyes - wet nose - nocturnal - dental combs






4. The elementary structure. all cultural systems are built is a set of four types of organically linked relationships: brother/sister - husband/wife - father/son - and mother's brother/sister's son. (Levi-Strauss).






5. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






6. Person is considered equally related to kinfolk on either side of the family. Western Socs. (bilateral)






7. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






8. Perform Rituals in belief that ancestors will recognize their own people and make very valuable cargo come (utopian/millenial). John Frum






9. The school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss - in which cultures - viewed as systems - are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. Referring to mental structure.






10. Common in non-intensive food production. Villages=Various descent groups (clans/bands) - no formal govt or social classes.






11. Development of Civilizations: Copper & Tin=Bronze. Replaced stone for tools/weapons






12. Study of human activity and cultures through material remains. non-natural science. half science - half humanity. Fills in gaps in human history.






13. The application of scientific principles to agriculture especially to animal breeding






14. Lord owned the land. Allocated land to Nobles (for loyalty/mil service). Serfs/slaves=Actually Part of the Property






15. Relatives on each side of marriage - extending at least to second cousin. Urbanization - migration = less importance






16. A subdivision within the primate order based on shared anatomical characteristics that larger brains - binocular vision - parental care - longer gestational period - slower maturation.






17. The process through which genes pass from the gene pool of one population through mating and reproduction to that of another.






18. The living world. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist






19. Mexico - sun/war/civilization gods - subord women - human sacrifice - cannibalism - time/calendars. Caste system - architecture - learning and the arts - polytheistic - pictorial alphabet






20. 'Verbal Evaluation - Patterns of Association - symbolic Indicators(wealth/dress/job)'. Haviland






21. (some people do it differently) Sex roles - religion - age roles






22. Category of individuals who enjoy equal prestige according to a society. (Perception of class is relative). Economics - social status - aesthetic preferences - behavior - occupation - appearance - civic involvement






23. Anthropologist: reciprocity - gift economy - Durkheim's nephew






24. The earliest member of the genus Homo - ape-like - found on sites dating 2mya Dr. Leakey in Olduvai Gorge - Africa. 775cc brain (1/2 sapien) tool users. Lived 50 -000 years. 'handy man'






25. Religion. Most important intellectual development. Flourished b/c of weakening Egypt & annihilation of Hittites (1200BC)






26. Ceremonial distrib of property/gifts to affirm social status. Ritual generosity - conspic consump. Wealth used to purchase Prestige. NW Pacific Indian Tribes Haida - Nuxalk - Tlingit - Tsimshian - Salish - Nuu-chah-nulth - and Kwakiutl. Also similar






27. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure






28. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






29. Political order (polity) is not a distinct institution - it is embedded in the overall social order. No formal govt






30. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






31. Basic building blocks of culture. Without them - there is no culture






32. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






33. Milan (1957) probe penetrates burial chambers and photographs walls and contents.






34. Wheat - barley - flax began in Asia. Entered Africa through Nile Delta (Egypt). One form of wheat began in Ethiopia. - Neolithic






35. First used in admin of British Colonies by Northcote Thomas in Nigeria in 1908. 'Age of Enlightenment'/Natural Science






36. Indissoluble in Roman Catholic and Hindu. Pueblo Indians: woman simply leaves moccasins on the doorstep (NM -AZ) No divorce allowed in Malta - Philippines. Low divorce rate in Japan. Islam allows but discourages (3x limit)






37. A social bond based on common ancestry - marriage - or adoption






38. Large neolithic farming village in Turkey during 6700 B.C. - 5700 B.C.






39. (New Stone Age): 10kya. Domestic animals - villages - pottery - weaving - food producing (not collecting). Holocene. Beginning of real civilization (Final stage of prehistoric cult evol/techno dev)






40. States (see themselves as manipulating their environment - controlling it - dominating it - for self-interest).






41. Found Australopathicus skull in 1959. Upright human footprints in 1978






42. Spread of something from one group to another






43. Improve welfare of people in underdeveloped countries (usually through economic growth).






44. A polygamous mating system involving one female and many males.






45. Ancient Hebrew manuscripts hidden in clay jars in caves near Qumran by the Dead Sea that were discovered accidentally by Bedouin while looking for a stray animal in 1947..






46. (geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest






47. Platyrrhini - south america - small mammals - tree dwellers - prehensile tails - noctural - monogamous (gibbons - marmosets)






48. Animistic/Shamanistic. Animal or other naturalistic figure that spiritually represents a person or a clan (intimate relationship)






49. 20 century anthropologist.structural-functionalism. primitive societies - Durkhiem






50. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)