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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Spread of innovations in the Cradle of Civilization . Modified: Various centers spread innovation






2. Spread of something from one group to another






3. Common ancestor. Endogamy forbidden (regarded as incest). Can be Matriclan/Patriclan






4. Structionalism. Amazon tribe. ethnographic.






5. Scarcity - Supply & Demand - Self-interest - personal gain - rational decision-making. Economy can be analyzed independent of other social structures and institutions.Emph: Choice of Indiv actor






6. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






7. Anthropologist: How natives think - mystic participation






8. Invented smelting of iron






9. Any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation






10. Ritual in Japan/Samurai - boys 12-16 - temple - adult clothes/hair






11. 'Upright Man' - An extinct species of the genus Homo - Africa/Europe/Asia. fire and tools. hand ax. early speech.






12. The sex cell of a plant or animal may contain one factor (allele) for different traits but not both factors needed to express the traits

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13. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






14. Thinker. functionalism. religion. suicide






15. The subfield of anthropology that focuses on variations in cultural behaviors among human populations






16. Change based on belief in inevitable advance of science and Western secularism. Industrial growth - consolidation of the state - bureaucratization - market economy - tech advances - literacy - social mobility






17. Early anthropologists such as E.B. Taylor and J.G. Frazer in England who worked mostly with materials collected by others - usually missionaries - traders - explorers - or colonial officials.






18. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.






19. Melanesia (SW Pacific WWII+). Western goods created by ancestral spirits (intended for them - but controlled by whites).






20. Traces back to ONE person






21. Marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law






22. (HG) Personalized - supernatural beings (souls or gods) inhabit ordinary objects and govern their existence. Everything has a soul. Zambia - Congo - Gabon - Guinea - Indonesia - Japan - Laos - Myanmar - Peru - Philippines (+ Canada - Russia - Sweden






23. A social bond based on common ancestry - marriage - or adoption






24. (3k BC) Spread copper tools to Sudan - but rest of Africa passed directly from Mesolithic to Iron Age. Theocracy government. (Bronze age)






25. Penalty for violating moral principle or law. Larger society=more formal sanction






26. Anthropologist: formation of personalities






27. Ways to date artifacts






28. Ancestors to modern gorillas - chimpanzees - orangutans and humans who diverged 30 million years ago from monkeys. Characteristics include: large - strong jaw - large brain and partially erect posture.






29. Marks change in social or sexual status. Birth - Circumcision - Coming of Age - Wedding - Menopause - Death






30. All cultures accept. But only 20% of societies are considered strictly monogamous (one marriage per lifetime)






31. Method of detecting buried features by locating the magnetic disturbances they cause: (1957-58) proton magnetometer - the proton gradiometer - and the fluxgate gradiometer.






32. Large neolithic farming village in Turkey during 6700 B.C. - 5700 B.C.






33. Things all people do the same way (language)






34. 40 -000 to 8000 B.C. homo sapiens. Found in France. Brain size 1 -400cc. Created art. paleolithic.






35. Anthropologist: 12-volume comparative study of Religion (using ethnographic details) - evolution of religion from magic.






36. All the knowledge and values shared by a society






37. Social Movements to build an ideology that is relevant to changing cultural needs (their understanding of world). Eg: Melanesian Cargo Cults - or Mormonism in the US (Joseph Smith)






38. From Africa to Eurasia (through Himalayas/Silk Road - across straight of Gilbralter.






39. Marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than your own as required by custom or law






40. The school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss - in which cultures - viewed as systems - are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. Referring to mental structure.






41. Ancient Hebrew manuscripts hidden in clay jars in caves near Qumran by the Dead Sea that were discovered accidentally by Bedouin while looking for a stray animal in 1947..






42. (geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest






43. Shift of population from food production to specialization. Strong sense of ownership of land.






44. Perform Rituals in belief that ancestors will recognize their own people and make very valuable cargo come (utopian/millenial). John Frum






45. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






46. Theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. (Talcott Parsons)






47. Describe behavior in insider/natives own terms. Actor's own reasons - interpretations - customs - beliefs






48. Closest living animal to modern humans. 96% same DNA.






49. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






50. The linguistic hypothesis holds that language predisposes us to see the world in a certain way was developed by these two.







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