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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Goods flow to central place - and are distributed again (Eg -US Tax System). Reqs strong central political organization. Sometimes Prestige is derived from giving away valuables






2. Basic building blocks of culture. Without them - there is no culture






3. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






4. Category of individuals who enjoy equal prestige according to a society. (Perception of class is relative). Economics - social status - aesthetic preferences - behavior - occupation - appearance - civic involvement






5. Ancient Hebrew manuscripts hidden in clay jars in caves near Qumran by the Dead Sea that were discovered accidentally by Bedouin while looking for a stray animal in 1947..






6. Aborigine (dreamtime/totem)






7. Seperation(leave) - Liminality(limbo) - Incorporation(rejoin).






8. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






9. All cultures accept. But only 20% of societies are considered strictly monogamous (one marriage per lifetime)






10. Determining the success of a project






11. Form of government of Hittites - Assyrians - Babylonians - Israelites






12. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






13. Found Australopathicus skull in 1959. Upright human footprints in 1978






14. Thinkers: linguistics






15. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






16. (skills that only some people have) Playing guitar - understanding algebra.






17. (HG) Personalized - supernatural beings (souls or gods) inhabit ordinary objects and govern their existence. Everything has a soul. Zambia - Congo - Gabon - Guinea - Indonesia - Japan - Laos - Myanmar - Peru - Philippines (+ Canada - Russia - Sweden






18. Domestication of plants - gardening using man-powered tools. Labor Intensive/Surplus/Social Stratification






19. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.






20. Exchange of goods/services/gifts/emotions b/n two parties. Often ritual/ceremony. Characteristic of HG groups






21. The non-living world. the area from the surface of earth down to its center.






22. 1962; employ mine detectors. pulsed-induction meter and the soil-conductivity meter detect magnetic soil anomalies - only if the features are fairly shallow.






23. (Veblen): Display of wealth by its owner for social prestige






24. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






25. Also known as 'biological anthropology -' studies the mechanisms of biological evolution - genetic inheritance - human adaptability and variation - primatology - and the fossil record of human evolution.






26. 'Verbal Evaluation - Patterns of Association - symbolic Indicators(wealth/dress/job)'. Haviland






27. King of Babylon. had law code (discipline - order in society - pessimistic outlook) Sanctioned by the gods






28. Research that refers to in-depth study using face-to-face or observation techniques to collect data from people in their natural settings.






29. The elementary structure. all cultural systems are built is a set of four types of organically linked relationships: brother/sister - husband/wife - father/son - and mother's brother/sister's son. (Levi-Strauss).






30. Communal Ownership of Land. Some ownership - but pastures - forests - mountains - waterways - sacred grounds - are shared






31. Ritual in Burma/Thai boy monks 7-14 - 'Jewel Princess'






32. (geology) the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest






33. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. Ethnographic fieldwork - reciprocity - Pacific Islands. After Rivers (more rigor) 'Participant Observation'. WWI spent 2 years in Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea)






34. The earliest member of the genus Homo - ape-like - found on sites dating 2mya Dr. Leakey in Olduvai Gorge - Africa. 775cc brain (1/2 sapien) tool users. Lived 50 -000 years. 'handy man'






35. 40 -000 to 8000 B.C. homo sapiens. Found in France. Brain size 1 -400cc. Created art. paleolithic.






36. Each inherited characteristic is determined by two heredity factors/genes - one from each parent - which determines whether a gene will be dominant or recessive.

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37. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






38. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






39. Ruthless empire. By 665BC=Palestine - Syria - Asia Minor - Persian Gulf. buffer b/n civil Middle East & Barbarians.fell in 612BC. Internal revolution - and defeat by NeoBabylonians (Chaldeans)






40. Identifying impact of federal development on archaeological sites and historical buildings






41. Platyrrhini - south america - small mammals - tree dwellers - prehensile tails - noctural - monogamous (gibbons - marmosets)






42. The aspect of archaeology that deals with the past of man before he learned to write has - since the middle of the 19th century - aka prehistory.






43. Specialization in Indus Socs. Not in Tribal Socs (age/gender decides who does what). Amazon tribes specialize though






44. Milan (1957) probe penetrates burial chambers and photographs walls and contents.






45. The study of how people use language in context - how utterances are used - either figuratively or literally - in communicative acts.






46. Planned - rescue - and accidental.






47. Groups descended from mother or father's line only. (unilateral)






48. Half way b/n tribe and a state. Permanent political structure. Transitional form of sociopol org in evolution of tribe to state






49. Anthropologist: (early 1900s): Culture = combination of universals - alternatives - specialties - individual peculiarities. The Study of Man (1936) and The Tree of Culture (1955)






50. Anthropologist: Survival=Symbolic form of earlier custom (mock battle in nuptial rituals=vestige of actually 'capturing the bride'







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