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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The linguistic hypothesis holds that language predisposes us to see the world in a certain way was developed by these two.






2. A polygamous mating system involving one female and many males.






3. Cholula - Huastec - Mixtec - Olmec - Pipil - Totonac - Toltec - Zapote






4. Lord owned the land. Allocated land to Nobles (for loyalty/mil service). Serfs/slaves=Actually Part of the Property






5. Spread of something from one group to another






6. Africa: Jackals=Dogs. Donkeys - cats. (entered religious thought - animistic philosphy of Egypt) - Neolithic






7. Also known as 'biological anthropology -' studies the mechanisms of biological evolution - genetic inheritance - human adaptability and variation - primatology - and the fossil record of human evolution.






8. Theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. (Talcott Parsons)






9. Category of individuals who enjoy equal prestige according to a society. (Perception of class is relative). Economics - social status - aesthetic preferences - behavior - occupation - appearance - civic involvement






10. Evaluating other groups according to THEIR standards (not judging)






11. The study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language.






12. The elementary structure. all cultural systems are built is a set of four types of organically linked relationships: brother/sister - husband/wife - father/son - and mother's brother/sister's son. (Levi-Strauss).






13. A subdivision within the primate order based on shared anatomical characteristics that larger brains - binocular vision - parental care - longer gestational period - slower maturation.






14. The study of the different sounds employed by language.






15. Political order (polity) is not a distinct institution - it is embedded in the overall social order. No formal govt






16. By-product of grinding red ochre (magic powers) - Neolithic






17. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






18. The process through which genes pass from the gene pool of one population through mating and reproduction to that of another.






19. Created by repeated pecking at grindstones b/c too smooth to grind red ochre=Macehead (Egypt/Nile Valley)- Neolithic






20. Fixed at birth - unchangeable - endogamous. India: Brahmins - warriors - artisans - laborers (then untouchables)






21. Anthropologist: (early 1900s): Culture = combination of universals - alternatives - specialties - individual peculiarities. The Study of Man (1936) and The Tree of Culture (1955)






22. Gene flow usually occuring in humans as a result of actual migration of populations (either forced or voluntary).






23. Milan (1957) probe penetrates burial chambers and photographs walls and contents.






24. Ancient Roman patrilineal clan that shared the same surname - and a legendary common ancestor (worshipped)






25. Skipped Bronze Age. Intermediate Neolithic tools were used instead (Zaire - Ghana). But not in Kenya (no celts - axes etc)






26. Essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin - and is the process by which those members of a particular species that are better adapted to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring than the poorer adapted.






27. Spread of innovations in the Cradle of Civilization . Modified: Various centers spread innovation






28. Primary form of support for existing political leadership. Based on internal values of the people - not so much coercion






29. Early anthropologists such as E.B. Taylor and J.G. Frazer in England who worked mostly with materials collected by others - usually missionaries - traders - explorers - or colonial officials.






30. A subdivision within the primate order based on shared anatomical primitive traits: side eyes - wet nose - nocturnal - dental combs






31. Man marries widow of his dead brother






32. System of symbols - mediate b/n an individual and his world. Way of Life. Make sense of world - motivate behavior






33. The living world. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist






34. Family who excavate Olduvai Gorge






35. Anthropologist: After armchair anthro...embarked on early anthro expeditions (not scientifically rigorous).






36. Seperation(leave) - Liminality(limbo) - Incorporation(rejoin).






37. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






38. Any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation






39. Anthropologist: How natives think - mystic participation






40. Technology that Spread east to Indus River Valley (India) by 5k BC






41. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. Ethnographic fieldwork - reciprocity - Pacific Islands. After Rivers (more rigor) 'Participant Observation'. WWI spent 2 years in Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea)






42. Value of gift and time of repayment are not specified






43. Giving and receiving are specific as to value of goods - and time of delivery.






44. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






45. Mobile Foragers (Eskimo) combine nuclear families. Don't allow accumulated wealth - prize generosity - equality of resources






46. Logic/Observation (not gods). Thales - Xenophanes - Pyhtagorus - Hippocrates. Differed from Near Eastern thought.






47. Anthropologist: 12-volume comparative study of Religion (using ethnographic details) - evolution of religion from magic.






48. (Veblen): Display of wealth by its owner for social prestige






49. The earliest member of the genus Homo - ape-like - found on sites dating 2mya Dr. Leakey in Olduvai Gorge - Africa. 775cc brain (1/2 sapien) tool users. Lived 50 -000 years. 'handy man'






50. The school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss - in which cultures - viewed as systems - are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. Referring to mental structure.