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DSST General Anthropology
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dsst
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anthropology
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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m
Civilization
sharp edges
Substantive Economics
Fieldwork
2. Melanesia (SW Pacific WWII+). Western goods created by ancestral spirits (intended for them - but controlled by whites).
Central American indians
Ethnography
homonoids
Cargo Cult
3. Food foragers (in-sync with env - see themselves as a harmonious part of natural world).
Non-warlike people
Genetic drift
Stimulus Diffusion
New World monkeys
4. Perform Rituals in belief that ancestors will recognize their own people and make very valuable cargo come (utopian/millenial). John Frum
Structural-functional
Hittites
Cargo Cult
Unilineal Descent
5. Study of remains found in layers of soil and rock
Radcliffe-Brown
Stratigraphy
Evaluation research
Unit of Kinship
6. Began 5k ya in Mesopotamia - Egypt - possible to create flood control plans. Later in India - China - then Europe.
Writing
Individual Peculiarities
old world monkeys
Policy Research
7. Things all people do the same way (language)
Religion
Universalities
McLennan
mana
8. Scarcity - Supply & Demand - Self-interest - personal gain - rational decision-making. Economy can be analyzed independent of other social structures and institutions.Emph: Choice of Indiv actor
Affinal kin
Status
Formal Economics
Social practices
9. Not universal. Evolved in last 10k years (surplus food - development of states). States are political system most likely to go to war
War
Paleolithic period
Ethnography
Levy-Bruhl
10. The exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes - creating a new combination of genes on the chromosome.
Genetic Recombination
Religion
Franz Boas
Symbol
11. Runway/airstrip/radios (coconuts and straw to attract aircraft with cargo). Ritual marches (twigs/guns - insignia 'USA' to look like soldiers)
Hunter/Gatherers
Homo Habilis
Cargo Cult
Absolute time
12. Fixed at birth - unchangeable - endogamous. India: Brahmins - warriors - artisans - laborers (then untouchables)
Social Darwinism
Myth
Gens
Caste
13. (Foragers): Earliest and most stable form of human subsistence. Unit of production = Unit of Consumption. Of 150billion who have ever lived - 60% were HG. 99% of history as humans is as HG
Magnetic prospecting
Moieties
American farming
Hunter/Gatherers
14. Communal Ownership of Land. Some ownership - but pastures - forests - mountains - waterways - sacred grounds - are shared
Diffusion
Family of procreation
African Economic Organization
Reciprocity
15. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome
Market Exchange
Chromosome
Monarchy
classical archaeology
16. Wheat - barley - flax began in Asia. Entered Africa through Nile Delta (Egypt). One form of wheat began in Ethiopia. - Neolithic
Balanced Reciprocity
Revitalization
Absolute time
Cultivation
17. Used to date organic remains and rocks from 50 -000yrs ago to present (atomic physics)
Sumerians
Family of orientation
Hammurabi
carbon-14 dating
18. Transfer of cultural traits/ideas from one society/ethnic group to another. McDonald's (US=Fast Food - China=Special Occasion)
Diffusion
State
Caste
Benedict
19. The observable characteristics of an organism - including physical appearance.
Peking Man
phenotype
Ideal culture
Tributary Production
20. Focusing efforts to implement positive change in a culture
Polygamy
culture
Directed Cultural Change
Gens
21. The sum total of the genes carried by the individual members of the population
Industrialization
Tributary Production
Gene pool
Cargo Cult
22. Thinker: social stratification
Crossing over
International Development
Weber
Excavation
23. Strong social prohibition. Abhorrent to society. Eg - Hinduism: killing the co
Mendel's third principle of genetics
Taboo
Bronze Age
Social Class Manifestation
24. Man marries widow of his dead brother
Yanomamo Feasting
Cargo Cult
Levirate
Magnetic prospecting
25. The archaeology of ancient Egypt
Redistribution
Divorce
Egyptology
Potlatch
26. Set of rights and obligations inherent in a social position.
Polygamy
Assyrians
Noosphere
Status
27. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure
Chiefdom
Caste
Revitalization
Substantive Economics
28. By-product of grinding red ochre (magic powers) - Neolithic
Dating methods
polished stone
Emile Durkheim
Kroeber
29. Anthropologist: Pacific Islands(SamoaPolynesia) - cultural effects on development of personality
Polygamy
Migration of Erectus
Margaret Mead
Kinship
30. Indissoluble in Roman Catholic and Hindu. Pueblo Indians: woman simply leaves moccasins on the doorstep (NM -AZ) No divorce allowed in Malta - Philippines. Low divorce rate in Japan. Islam allows but discourages (3x limit)
Divorce
classical archaeology
African Economic Organization
Phonetics
31. A theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term survival. (Emile Durkheim)
Syntax
Cultural Anthropology
Functionalism
Polygamy
32. Anthropologist: Survival=Symbolic form of earlier custom (mock battle in nuptial rituals=vestige of actually 'capturing the bride'
Magnetic prospecting
EB Tylor
Sumerians
McLennan
33. Old Stone Age. 2.5 mya - 2kya. Chipped stone tools. earliest human ancestors. pleistocene.
Reciprocity
Ideal culture
Unilineal Descent
Paleolithic period
34. Muslim (up to 4 wives by law). Middle East - Asia - North Africa. Native Americans (before European values)
Polygamy
Rite of passage
Conspicuous Consumption
Monogamy
35. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect
Ethnography
Genetic drift
Egypt
Egyptology
36. Family who excavate Olduvai Gorge
mana
Mauss
Etic perspective
Leakey family
37. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.
Balanced Reciprocity
pastoralism
Qualitative Research
Cultural Ecology
38. Using a radioactive process to determine the age of an item. millions of years.
Biosphere
Shaman
radiometric dating
Geosphere
39. Non-industrial socs. People produce own food - but an elite controls a portion of production
Gene pool
Quantitative Research
Tributary Production
Relative time
40. Essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin - and is the process by which those members of a particular species that are better adapted to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring than the poorer adapted.
Quantitative Research
Taboo
Natural selection
Chiefdom
41. Platyrrhini - south america - small mammals - tree dwellers - prehensile tails - noctural - monogamous (gibbons - marmosets)
Middle east farming
Malinowski
New World monkeys
Cargo Cult
42. Cultural phenom existed for a reason - but persist when conditions change (superstition=vestige of rational practices).
Benedict
Survival
Genetic Recombination
Phases of rituals
43. British Hieroglyphics translator -Father of Archeology
Petrie
Genotype
Emile Durkheim
American farming
44. Anthrpologist: Arapaho - archeo/anthro. preservation of Indian tribal culture. salvage ethnography. student of Boas.
Geerts
Matrilineal Descent
Hammurabi
Kroeber
45. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]
Writing
Franz Boas
Genetic Recombination
Leakey family
46. Consists of social impact assessment - evaluation research - technology development research - cultural resource assessment
Homo Habilis
Policy Research
Savagery
Egyptian diffusion
47. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies
McLennan
Theory of organic evolution
Mesolithic Period
Asian farming
48. Communication element. Represents a complex of person - object - group - or idea. Graphically or Representationally.
Kroeber
Symbol
Ideal culture
Neanderthals
49. The aspect of archaeology that deals with the past of man before he learned to write has - since the middle of the 19th century - aka prehistory.
Anthropology
Leakey family
Potlatch
prehistoric archaeology
50. Refined the Flake Stone Tools (flint): Mousterian Industry. Neanderthal Man.
Hebrews
Middle Paleo Period
Modernization
Sumerians
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