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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






2. Improve welfare of people in underdeveloped countries (usually through economic growth).






3. (skills that only some people have) Playing guitar - understanding algebra.






4. People group: (S. Mesopotamia/Iraq). Advanced Tech (bronze tools/weapons). Writing (cuneiform) - law - educations - intellectual - economic. City-state government






5. Position from which members engage in social practices. (Sociology focuses on interrelationship/effect of status






6. Evaluating other groups according to THEIR standards (not judging)






7. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






8. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure






9. Spread to Huang Ho (Yellow River Valley) of China - and SE Asia by 3500BC (millet and rice).- Neolithic






10. The 2nd in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. (Domestication of animals - cultivation)






11. Runway/airstrip/radios (coconuts and straw to attract aircraft with cargo). Ritual marches (twigs/guns - insignia 'USA' to look like soldiers)






12. The study of the patterns and distributions of speech sounds in a language and the tacit rules for their pronunciation.






13. An impersonal supernatural force that flows in and out of people and objects






14. Story with deep explanatory or symbolic resonance for a culture






15. Small segment of DNA that codes for the systhesis (creation) of a specific protein - and thus determines a trait.






16. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






17. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






18. The exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes - creating a new combination of genes on the chromosome.






19. Half way b/n tribe and a state. Permanent political structure. Transitional form of sociopol org in evolution of tribe to state






20. System of symbols - mediate b/n an individual and his world. Way of Life. Make sense of world - motivate behavior






21. (Reverence): Most rituals mark day - month - season - year - stage of life - new event. Burial Rituals found from 20kya






22. Man marries widow of his dead brother






23. Primitive people. Some people have special power - middlemen b/n man and god. Performs ritual magic to save tribe in trouble






24. A theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term survival. (Emile Durkheim)






25. The scientific study of the structure - sounds - and meaning of language






26. The discovery and recording of archaeological sites and their examination by methods other than the use of the spade and the trowel






27. The non-living world. the area from the surface of earth down to its center.






28. Africa: Jackals=Dogs. Donkeys - cats. (entered religious thought - animistic philosphy of Egypt) - Neolithic






29. Marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law






30. Method of detecting buried features by locating the magnetic disturbances they cause: (1957-58) proton magnetometer - the proton gradiometer - and the fluxgate gradiometer.






31. The aspect of archaeology that deals with the past of man before he learned to write has - since the middle of the 19th century - aka prehistory.






32. Provisional sampling cuts to explore potential excavation sites. Tigris/Euphrates flooded regularly so hard to navigate.






33. Ritual of Greek Citizenship






34. Wheat - barley - flax began in Asia. Entered Africa through Nile Delta (Egypt). One form of wheat began in Ethiopia. - Neolithic






35. What people SHOULD do according to values and norms






36. Anthropologist: Survival=Symbolic form of earlier custom (mock battle in nuptial rituals=vestige of actually 'capturing the bride'






37. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






38. By-product of grinding red ochre (magic powers) - Neolithic






39. Domestication of plants - gardening using man-powered tools. Labor Intensive/Surplus/Social Stratification






40. Skipped Bronze Age. Intermediate Neolithic tools were used instead (Zaire - Ghana). But not in Kenya (no celts - axes etc)






41. (1940)archaeological prospecting employing electricity and magnetic fields. A method of large-scale oil prospecting: electrical conductivity present in the soil.






42. Ruthless empire. By 665BC=Palestine - Syria - Asia Minor - Persian Gulf. buffer b/n civil Middle East & Barbarians.fell in 612BC. Internal revolution - and defeat by NeoBabylonians (Chaldeans)






43. The process through which genes pass from the gene pool of one population through mating and reproduction to that of another.






44. Marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than your own as required by custom or law






45. Determining the success of a project






46. Consists of social impact assessment - evaluation research - technology development research - cultural resource assessment






47. Symbols that provide info about a person or object (red light=danger)






48. Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic formation in a double-helix; (Watson & Crick)






49. The sum total of the genes carried by the individual members of the population






50. Large neolithic farming village in Turkey during 6700 B.C. - 5700 B.C.