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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language.






2. Skipped Bronze Age. Intermediate Neolithic tools were used instead (Zaire - Ghana). But not in Kenya (no celts - axes etc)






3. Marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law






4. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






5. Belief of early anthropologist that cultures evolve through various stages from a simpler and more primitive state to a complex and more culturally advanced state.






6. Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic formation in a double-helix; (Watson & Crick)






7. Logic/Observation (not gods). Thales - Xenophanes - Pyhtagorus - Hippocrates. Differed from Near Eastern thought.






8. The study of how people use language in context - how utterances are used - either figuratively or literally - in communicative acts.






9. (Foragers): Earliest and most stable form of human subsistence. Unit of production = Unit of Consumption. Of 150billion who have ever lived - 60% were HG. 99% of history as humans is as HG






10. Communication element. Represents a complex of person - object - group - or idea. Graphically or Representationally.






11. Describe behavior in insider/natives own terms. Actor's own reasons - interpretations - customs - beliefs






12. First farming. 9-7k BC. Middle East (Iraq - Iran - Israel etc.) Barley - wheat - sheep - goats. (cows/pigs later). Spread from Middle East north to Europe - Neolithic






13. Permanent formal government structures and socioeconomic stratification. Most people in world's society. Autonomous political units - social classes - Formal govt based on Law - social status - population control - judges - law enf - fiscal.






14. Theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. (Talcott Parsons)






15. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






16. Characteristics are inherited independently from other characteristics

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17. Ancestors to modern gorillas - chimpanzees - orangutans and humans who diverged 30 million years ago from monkeys. Characteristics include: large - strong jaw - large brain and partially erect posture.






18. One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic - such as hair color






19. USA/Mexico/C. Am. Corn (maize) - beans - squash 6500BC (village life not until 2k BC).- Neolithic






20. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






21. Half way b/n tribe and a state. Permanent political structure. Transitional form of sociopol org in evolution of tribe to state






22. Anthropologist: Pacific Islands(SamoaPolynesia) - cultural effects on development of personality






23. Symbols that provide info about a person or object (red light=danger)






24. Ways to date artifacts






25. Method of detecting buried features by locating the magnetic disturbances they cause: (1957-58) proton magnetometer - the proton gradiometer - and the fluxgate gradiometer.






26. The school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss - in which cultures - viewed as systems - are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. Referring to mental structure.






27. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






28. Primary form of support for existing political leadership. Based on internal values of the people - not so much coercion






29. Through the mother but DOES NOT imply matriarchy






30. Holistic study of humanity.






31. Indians: Tribal villages (farmer class) - religious urban centers (priest class) - TIME/Astronomy/math - pyramids - reptilian gods.






32. What people ACTUALLY do in everyday - real life interactio






33. Form of government of Hittites - Assyrians - Babylonians - Israelites






34. Each inherited characteristic is determined by two heredity factors/genes - one from each parent - which determines whether a gene will be dominant or recessive.

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35. The genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles - that determines hereditary potential/limits from embyro to adulthood.






36. The earliest member of the genus Homo - ape-like - found on sites dating 2mya Dr. Leakey in Olduvai Gorge - Africa. 775cc brain (1/2 sapien) tool users. Lived 50 -000 years. 'handy man'






37. African CLICK language speakers. (click also used in Bantu - Zulu - Xhosa - Damin)






38. Vietnam War (Jesus=jeep/camo) - Native Americans (Dance of the Spirits) - Africa (Abacus/Menstrual Cycle)






39. The archaeology of ancient Egypt






40. Position from which members engage in social practices. (Sociology focuses on interrelationship/effect of status






41. Research in which the data is recorded in numerical form.






42. 40 -000 to 8000 B.C. homo sapiens. Found in France. Brain size 1 -400cc. Created art. paleolithic.






43. Relatives through marriage






44. Anthropologist: reciprocity - gift economy - Durkheim's nephew






45. Gene flow usually occuring in humans as a result of actual migration of populations (either forced or voluntary).






46. Food foragers (in-sync with env - see themselves as a harmonious part of natural world).






47. Eg - Barter. Scarce goods from one group are exchanged for desirable goods from another group. Giver tries to come out on top. Ultimate form = taking by force.






48. Ruthless empire. By 665BC=Palestine - Syria - Asia Minor - Persian Gulf. buffer b/n civil Middle East & Barbarians.fell in 612BC. Internal revolution - and defeat by NeoBabylonians (Chaldeans)






49. A group of sexually reproducing individuals (of the same species) mating with each other and sharing a common gene pool.






50. Improve welfare of people in underdeveloped countries (usually through economic growth).