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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






2. Melanesia (SW Pacific WWII+). Western goods created by ancestral spirits (intended for them - but controlled by whites).






3. Food foragers (in-sync with env - see themselves as a harmonious part of natural world).






4. Perform Rituals in belief that ancestors will recognize their own people and make very valuable cargo come (utopian/millenial). John Frum






5. Study of remains found in layers of soil and rock






6. Began 5k ya in Mesopotamia - Egypt - possible to create flood control plans. Later in India - China - then Europe.






7. Things all people do the same way (language)






8. Scarcity - Supply & Demand - Self-interest - personal gain - rational decision-making. Economy can be analyzed independent of other social structures and institutions.Emph: Choice of Indiv actor






9. Not universal. Evolved in last 10k years (surplus food - development of states). States are political system most likely to go to war






10. The exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes - creating a new combination of genes on the chromosome.






11. Runway/airstrip/radios (coconuts and straw to attract aircraft with cargo). Ritual marches (twigs/guns - insignia 'USA' to look like soldiers)






12. Fixed at birth - unchangeable - endogamous. India: Brahmins - warriors - artisans - laborers (then untouchables)






13. (Foragers): Earliest and most stable form of human subsistence. Unit of production = Unit of Consumption. Of 150billion who have ever lived - 60% were HG. 99% of history as humans is as HG






14. Communal Ownership of Land. Some ownership - but pastures - forests - mountains - waterways - sacred grounds - are shared






15. The archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome






16. Wheat - barley - flax began in Asia. Entered Africa through Nile Delta (Egypt). One form of wheat began in Ethiopia. - Neolithic






17. Used to date organic remains and rocks from 50 -000yrs ago to present (atomic physics)






18. Transfer of cultural traits/ideas from one society/ethnic group to another. McDonald's (US=Fast Food - China=Special Occasion)






19. The observable characteristics of an organism - including physical appearance.






20. Focusing efforts to implement positive change in a culture






21. The sum total of the genes carried by the individual members of the population






22. Thinker: social stratification






23. Strong social prohibition. Abhorrent to society. Eg - Hinduism: killing the co






24. Man marries widow of his dead brother






25. The archaeology of ancient Egypt






26. Set of rights and obligations inherent in a social position.






27. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure






28. By-product of grinding red ochre (magic powers) - Neolithic






29. Anthropologist: Pacific Islands(SamoaPolynesia) - cultural effects on development of personality






30. Indissoluble in Roman Catholic and Hindu. Pueblo Indians: woman simply leaves moccasins on the doorstep (NM -AZ) No divorce allowed in Malta - Philippines. Low divorce rate in Japan. Islam allows but discourages (3x limit)






31. A theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term survival. (Emile Durkheim)






32. Anthropologist: Survival=Symbolic form of earlier custom (mock battle in nuptial rituals=vestige of actually 'capturing the bride'






33. Old Stone Age. 2.5 mya - 2kya. Chipped stone tools. earliest human ancestors. pleistocene.






34. Muslim (up to 4 wives by law). Middle East - Asia - North Africa. Native Americans (before European values)






35. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






36. Family who excavate Olduvai Gorge






37. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.






38. Using a radioactive process to determine the age of an item. millions of years.






39. Non-industrial socs. People produce own food - but an elite controls a portion of production






40. Essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin - and is the process by which those members of a particular species that are better adapted to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring than the poorer adapted.






41. Platyrrhini - south america - small mammals - tree dwellers - prehensile tails - noctural - monogamous (gibbons - marmosets)






42. Cultural phenom existed for a reason - but persist when conditions change (superstition=vestige of rational practices).






43. British Hieroglyphics translator -Father of Archeology






44. Anthrpologist: Arapaho - archeo/anthro. preservation of Indian tribal culture. salvage ethnography. student of Boas.






45. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






46. Consists of social impact assessment - evaluation research - technology development research - cultural resource assessment






47. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






48. Communication element. Represents a complex of person - object - group - or idea. Graphically or Representationally.






49. The aspect of archaeology that deals with the past of man before he learned to write has - since the middle of the 19th century - aka prehistory.






50. Refined the Flake Stone Tools (flint): Mousterian Industry. Neanderthal Man.







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