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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Milan (1957) probe penetrates burial chambers and photographs walls and contents.






2. Primary form of support for existing political leadership. Based on internal values of the people - not so much coercion






3. Gene flow usually occuring in humans as a result of actual migration of populations (either forced or voluntary).






4. Either of 2 sibs - clans - kinship groups - of unilateral descent - that together make up a tribe or society






5. The discovery and recording of archaeological sites and their examination by methods other than the use of the spade and the trowel






6. Anthropologist: (early 1900s): Culture = combination of universals - alternatives - specialties - individual peculiarities. The Study of Man (1936) and The Tree of Culture (1955)






7. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)






8. Family who excavate Olduvai Gorge






9. Also known as 'biological anthropology -' studies the mechanisms of biological evolution - genetic inheritance - human adaptability and variation - primatology - and the fossil record of human evolution.






10. The children of a parent's siblings of the opposite sex (mother's brothers - father's sisters).






11. All cultures accept. But only 20% of societies are considered strictly monogamous (one marriage per lifetime)






12. The actual time (usually measured in years) as determined by radioactive decay of elements






13. Anthropologist: cross-cultural values






14. Determining the success of a project






15. First farming. 9-7k BC. Middle East (Iraq - Iran - Israel etc.) Barley - wheat - sheep - goats. (cows/pigs later). Spread from Middle East north to Europe - Neolithic






16. Authority is allocated. Use force to achieve peace & conformance with law & custom - maintain territory against ext threat.






17. Ritual in Burma/Thai boy monks 7-14 - 'Jewel Princess'






18. Penalty for violating moral principle or law. Larger society=more formal sanction






19. Lemurs - monkeys - Apes and humans. Prehensile/Grasping hands..Some-opposable thumb - larger males than females. flat fingernails.






20. A theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term survival. (Emile Durkheim)






21. The process by which a living organism adapts to its environment.






22. Runway/airstrip/radios (coconuts and straw to attract aircraft with cargo). Ritual marches (twigs/guns - insignia 'USA' to look like soldiers)






23. Ruthless empire. By 665BC=Palestine - Syria - Asia Minor - Persian Gulf. buffer b/n civil Middle East & Barbarians.fell in 612BC. Internal revolution - and defeat by NeoBabylonians (Chaldeans)






24. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






25. Anthropologist: formation of personalities






26. Transfer of cultural traits/ideas from one society/ethnic group to another. McDonald's (US=Fast Food - China=Special Occasion)






27. The scientific study of the structure - sounds - and meaning of language






28. Ancient Roman patrilineal clan that shared the same surname - and a legendary common ancestor (worshipped)






29. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. Ethnographic fieldwork - reciprocity - Pacific Islands. After Rivers (more rigor) 'Participant Observation'. WWI spent 2 years in Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea)






30. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






31. Using a radioactive process to determine the age of an item. millions of years.






32. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






33. 1962; employ mine detectors. pulsed-induction meter and the soil-conductivity meter detect magnetic soil anomalies - only if the features are fairly shallow.






34. Spread of something from one group to another






35. 20 century anthropologist.structural-functionalism. primitive societies - Durkhiem






36. (skills that only some people have) Playing guitar - understanding algebra.






37. The study of the literal meanings and the interpretation of words.






38. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






39. The archaeology of ancient Egypt






40. Spread to Huang Ho (Yellow River Valley) of China - and SE Asia by 3500BC (millet and rice).- Neolithic






41. Buying/selling goods & Services with prices set by supply & demand. (usually involves money). Haviland: Informal v. Formal (govt controlled)






42. Small segment of DNA that codes for the systhesis (creation) of a specific protein - and thus determines a trait.






43. Based on institutionalized beliefs and practices dealing with ultimate meaning of life. Belief stems from their experience of the world.






44. (3k BC) Spread copper tools to Sudan - but rest of Africa passed directly from Mesolithic to Iron Age. Theocracy government. (Bronze age)






45. Food foragers (in-sync with env - see themselves as a harmonious part of natural world).






46. The school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss - in which cultures - viewed as systems - are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. Referring to mental structure.






47. Said anthropology is a 'Policy Science'. Urged for its use in improving the human condition. What is Culture - cross-cultural.






48. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure






49. Common ancestor. Endogamy forbidden (regarded as incest). Can be Matriclan/Patriclan






50. Father of Modern Anthropology - noted for applying the scientific method to the study of human cultures and societies. Opposed evolutionist.