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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)






2. Anthropologist: How natives think - mystic participation






3. A homo erectus discovered by Dutch physician and anatomist Eugene Dubois in 1891 in JAVA Indonesia -






4. Cultural phenom existed for a reason - but persist when conditions change (superstition=vestige of rational practices).






5. Hawaiian - aroi sun kingdom






6. System of symbols - mediate b/n an individual and his world. Way of Life. Make sense of world - motivate behavior






7. Animistic/Shamanistic. Animal or other naturalistic figure that spiritually represents a person or a clan (intimate relationship)






8. Mobile Foragers (Eskimo) combine nuclear families. Don't allow accumulated wealth - prize generosity - equality of resources






9. The study of the literal meanings and the interpretation of words.






10. Spread of something from one group to another






11. First used in admin of British Colonies by Northcote Thomas in Nigeria in 1908. 'Age of Enlightenment'/Natural Science






12. Social Movements to build an ideology that is relevant to changing cultural needs (their understanding of world). Eg: Melanesian Cargo Cults - or Mormonism in the US (Joseph Smith)






13. 1/2 Founder of Modern Anthropology. After River (more rigor). Studied American Indians (1880s documented) Coined 'Cultural Relativism'. Sat with elders to hear their historic accounts of their culture. [Salvage ethnography]






14. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






15. Position from which members engage in social practices. (Sociology focuses on interrelationship/effect of status






16. Goods flow to central place - and are distributed again (Eg -US Tax System). Reqs strong central political organization. Sometimes Prestige is derived from giving away valuables






17. Referring to time as it relates to something older or younger; not exact dates.






18. 40 -000 to 8000 B.C. homo sapiens. Found in France. Brain size 1 -400cc. Created art. paleolithic.






19. Half way b/n tribe and state. Kin-based. Permanent group-based differencesin access to resources. Permanent Political Structure






20. Essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin - and is the process by which those members of a particular species that are better adapted to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring than the poorer adapted.






21. Describe behavior in insider/natives own terms. Actor's own reasons - interpretations - customs - beliefs






22. Thinker: social stratification






23. Ancestors to modern gorillas - chimpanzees - orangutans and humans who diverged 30 million years ago from monkeys. Characteristics include: large - strong jaw - large brain and partially erect posture.






24. Ancient Hebrew manuscripts hidden in clay jars in caves near Qumran by the Dead Sea that were discovered accidentally by Bedouin while looking for a stray animal in 1947..






25. Not universal. Evolved in last 10k years (surplus food - development of states). States are political system most likely to go to war






26. Action - research & development - community - advocacy - cultural/social marketing






27. King of Babylon. had law code (discipline - order in society - pessimistic outlook) Sanctioned by the gods






28. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.






29. Value of gift and time of repayment are not specified






30. The children of a parent's siblings of the opposite sex (mother's brothers - father's sisters).






31. Ceremonial distrib of property/gifts to affirm social status. Ritual generosity - conspic consump. Wealth used to purchase Prestige. NW Pacific Indian Tribes Haida - Nuxalk - Tlingit - Tsimshian - Salish - Nuu-chah-nulth - and Kwakiutl. Also similar






32. Anthropologist: symbolic anthropology. Interpretation of cultures.






33. Holistic study of humanity.






34. Basic building blocks of culture. Without them - there is no culture






35. Primary form of support for existing political leadership. Based on internal values of the people - not so much coercion






36. Marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law






37. A theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term survival. (Emile Durkheim)






38. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






39. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






40. Story with deep explanatory or symbolic resonance for a culture






41. Marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than your own as required by custom or law






42. The process by which a living organism adapts to its environment.






43. Planned - rescue - and accidental.






44. With reference to the writing of P. Teilhard de Chardin - a stage - world or sphere of evolutionary development characterized by consciousness - the mind - information and interpersonal relationships.






45. A social bond based on common ancestry - marriage - or adoption






46. The observable characteristics of an organism - including physical appearance.






47. Plants and animals all evolved over a long period of time from simple into more complex life forms. (Darwin)






48. Common in non-intensive food production. Villages=Various descent groups (clans/bands) - no formal govt or social classes.






49. The subfield of anthropology that focuses on variations in cultural behaviors among human populations






50. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc