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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Study of human activity and cultures through material remains. non-natural science. half science - half humanity. Fills in gaps in human history.






2. Provisional sampling cuts to explore potential excavation sites. Tigris/Euphrates flooded regularly so hard to navigate.






3. World's first cities appeared between the years 4000 and 3500 BC.






4. The study of how people use language in context - how utterances are used - either figuratively or literally - in communicative acts.






5. The process of removing earth carefully and systemically from an area in order to find buried remains






6. The discovery and recording of archaeological sites and their examination by methods other than the use of the spade and the trowel






7. Ancient Roman patrilineal clan that shared the same surname - and a legendary common ancestor (worshipped)






8. Anthropologist: Pacific Islands(SamoaPolynesia) - cultural effects on development of personality






9. (1940)archaeological prospecting employing electricity and magnetic fields. A method of large-scale oil prospecting: electrical conductivity present in the soil.






10. Fixed at birth - unchangeable - endogamous. India: Brahmins - warriors - artisans - laborers (then untouchables)






11. Associated with Julian Steward - study of adaptation of social culture to natural resources and other human groups.






12. Common in non-intensive food production. Villages=Various descent groups (clans/bands) - no formal govt or social classes.






13. Basic building blocks of culture. Without them - there is no culture






14. Research in which the data is recorded in numerical form.






15. Spread of innovations in the Cradle of Civilization . Modified: Various centers spread innovation






16. Category of individuals who enjoy equal prestige according to a society. (Perception of class is relative). Economics - social status - aesthetic preferences - behavior - occupation - appearance - civic involvement






17. Form of government of Hittites - Assyrians - Babylonians - Israelites






18. Not universal. Evolved in last 10k years (surplus food - development of states). States are political system most likely to go to war






19. New family you form when you marry and have children.






20. Structionalism. Amazon tribe. ethnographic.






21. Cohesive set of myths (religion/belief system)






22. (Foragers): Earliest and most stable form of human subsistence. Unit of production = Unit of Consumption. Of 150billion who have ever lived - 60% were HG. 99% of history as humans is as HG






23. Marks change in social or sexual status. Birth - Circumcision - Coming of Age - Wedding - Menopause - Death






24. Shorthand - Morse Code






25. Small segment of DNA that codes for the systhesis (creation) of a specific protein - and thus determines a trait.






26. Specialization in Indus Socs. Not in Tribal Socs (age/gender decides who does what). Amazon tribes specialize though






27. The living world. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist






28. Research that refers to in-depth study using face-to-face or observation techniques to collect data from people in their natural settings.






29. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






30. Eg - Barter. Scarce goods from one group are exchanged for desirable goods from another group. Giver tries to come out on top. Ultimate form = taking by force.






31. Viewpoint of Anthropologists. Economy that is embedded within other social structures and institutions. Interaction of humans with their environment - methods of 'want' satisfaction. Holistic. Opponents argue that Formalist approach only applies to m






32. Each inherited characteristic is determined by two heredity factors/genes - one from each parent - which determines whether a gene will be dominant or recessive.


33. The exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes - creating a new combination of genes on the chromosome.






34. Platyrrhini - south america - small mammals - tree dwellers - prehensile tails - noctural - monogamous (gibbons - marmosets)






35. 20 century anthropologist.structural-functionalism. primitive societies - Durkhiem






36. The skeletal remains of Homo erectus - found at Zhoukoudian - near Peking - China - in the late 1930s and early 1940s and subsequently lost during World War II






37. Man marries widow of his dead brother






38. Goods flow to central place - and are distributed again (Eg -US Tax System). Reqs strong central political organization. Sometimes Prestige is derived from giving away valuables






39. A systematic and detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork - direct contact - and qualitive research.






40. (skills that only some people have) Playing guitar - understanding algebra.






41. A process in which chromosomes physically exchange parts.






42. Consists of social impact assessment - evaluation research - technology development research - cultural resource assessment






43. Flat/broad nosed primates; New World monkeys






44. The children of a parent's siblings of the opposite sex (mother's brothers - father's sisters).






45. Cluster of 3 or more sibs - clans - kinship groups considered a single unit (but retain sep IDs within) - Native Americans: Used animal sign to ID (Tlingit Tribe: Matri] - Intermarriage b/n phratries was mandated)






46. (Middle Stone Age): 10kya. Hunter/Gatherer (w/ fish). Baskets - Pots - - harpoons - canoes - store food. Holocene. Not much development in art - focused on inventions - diversification of subsistence strategies






47. A larger collection of DNA that contains many genes and the support proteins needed to control these genes.






48. Melanesia (SW Pacific WWII+). Western goods created by ancestral spirits (intended for them - but controlled by whites).






49. Created by repeated pecking at grindstones b/c too smooth to grind red ochre=Macehead (Egypt/Nile Valley)- Neolithic






50. The study of the patterns and distributions of speech sounds in a language and the tacit rules for their pronunciation.