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DSST General Anthropology

Subjects : dsst, anthropology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The skeletal remains of Homo erectus - found at Zhoukoudian - near Peking - China - in the late 1930s and early 1940s and subsequently lost during World War II






2. The study of the literal meanings and the interpretation of words.






3. Anthropologist: After armchair anthro...embarked on early anthro expeditions (not scientifically rigorous).






4. A polygamous mating system involving one female and many males.






5. The 2nd in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. (Domestication of animals - cultivation)






6. A social bond based on common ancestry - marriage - or adoption






7. The 1st in the three stages of the evolution theory developed by Lewis Henry Morgan. (hunter-gatherer - hordes - no class - no ownership).






8. Describe behavior in terms familiar to the observer (enables comparative research - and making universal claims)






9. Relatives on each side of marriage - extending at least to second cousin. Urbanization - migration = less importance






10. With reference to the writing of P. Teilhard de Chardin - a stage - world or sphere of evolutionary development characterized by consciousness - the mind - information and interpersonal relationships.






11. Study of human activity and cultures through material remains. non-natural science. half science - half humanity. Fills in gaps in human history.






12. King of Babylon. had law code (discipline - order in society - pessimistic outlook) Sanctioned by the gods






13. Family that raised you






14. Ritual of Greek Citizenship






15. Category of individuals who enjoy equal prestige according to a society. (Perception of class is relative). Economics - social status - aesthetic preferences - behavior - occupation - appearance - civic involvement






16. Marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than your own as required by custom or law






17. Shorthand - Morse Code






18. Improve welfare of people in underdeveloped countries (usually through economic growth).






19. Runway/airstrip/radios (coconuts and straw to attract aircraft with cargo). Ritual marches (twigs/guns - insignia 'USA' to look like soldiers)






20. (some people do it differently) Sex roles - religion - age roles






21. Ancestors to modern gorillas - chimpanzees - orangutans and humans who diverged 30 million years ago from monkeys. Characteristics include: large - strong jaw - large brain and partially erect posture.






22. Spread of innovations in the Cradle of Civilization . Modified: Various centers spread innovation






23. The linguistic hypothesis holds that language predisposes us to see the world in a certain way was developed by these two.






24. Consists of social impact assessment - evaluation research - technology development research - cultural resource assessment






25. The non-living world. the area from the surface of earth down to its center.






26. First used in admin of British Colonies by Northcote Thomas in Nigeria in 1908. 'Age of Enlightenment'/Natural Science






27. Research that refers to in-depth study using face-to-face or observation techniques to collect data from people in their natural settings.






28. Earliest known bipedal hominid with ape like brain - ex. Lucy 3.2 mya. 400cc brain. Africa.






29. A subdivision within the primate order based on shared anatomical characteristics that larger brains - binocular vision - parental care - longer gestational period - slower maturation.






30. Melanesia (SW Pacific WWII+). Western goods created by ancestral spirits (intended for them - but controlled by whites).






31. (1940)archaeological prospecting employing electricity and magnetic fields. A method of large-scale oil prospecting: electrical conductivity present in the soil.






32. Mobile Foragers (Eskimo) combine nuclear families. Don't allow accumulated wealth - prize generosity - equality of resources






33. Half way b/n tribe and a state. Permanent political structure. Transitional form of sociopol org in evolution of tribe to state






34. Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations. Sewall-Wright effect






35. Essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin - and is the process by which those members of a particular species that are better adapted to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring than the poorer adapted.






36. Personal quirks: Get up at certain time - order of getting dressed - etc






37. Political order (polity) is not a distinct institution - it is embedded in the overall social order. No formal govt






38. Father of Modern Anthropology - noted for applying the scientific method to the study of human cultures and societies. Opposed evolutionist.






39. States (see themselves as manipulating their environment - controlling it - dominating it - for self-interest).






40. Massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks. It is associated with religious complexes in ancient Mesopotamian cities - Sumerians.






41. Anthropologist: (early 1900s): Culture = combination of universals - alternatives - specialties - individual peculiarities. The Study of Man (1936) and The Tree of Culture (1955)






42. Social Movements to build an ideology that is relevant to changing cultural needs (their understanding of world). Eg: Melanesian Cargo Cults - or Mormonism in the US (Joseph Smith)






43. Using anthropological expertise on a practical level to understand and alleviate human problems. Eg - Impact of a new agriculture system in a society - causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group






44. African CLICK language speakers. (click also used in Bantu - Zulu - Xhosa - Damin)






45. The commonness of the occurrence of any particular allele in a population (a fraction)






46. USA/Mexico/C. Am. Corn (maize) - beans - squash 6500BC (village life not until 2k BC).- Neolithic






47. Seperation(leave) - Liminality(limbo) - Incorporation(rejoin).






48. Permanent formal government structures and socioeconomic stratification. Most people in world's society. Autonomous political units - social classes - Formal govt based on Law - social status - population control - judges - law enf - fiscal.






49. Primary form of support for existing political leadership. Based on internal values of the people - not so much coercion






50. Animistic/Shamanistic. Animal or other naturalistic figure that spiritually represents a person or a clan (intimate relationship)