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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Hispanic community is growing faster than expected and therefore police departments should take steps to hire more Hispanic officers through active recruitment processes and offering incentive ___ for bilingual officers.






2. The rise of police professionalism and reform was spearheaded by August _______ who served as the chief of police in Berkeley - California from 1905 to 1932.






3. The rights of the accused (and of prisoners) have been defined mostly through the _______________'s interpretation of the Bill of Rights.






4. This was the only way they could ________ themselves and their property from the bandits. They did try to apply the accepted standards of decency of the day to their actions.






5. By dealing with the underlying issues - for example mental health or financial service problems - then a solution may be found to get them off the street and back into a more ___________ existence.






6. The role of the police academy is to provide formal training - root out ___________ recruits and immerse the trainees in the police subculture.






7. One of the major problems facing patrol officers is high-speed pursuits is a high ________ rate.






8. In this case - the police applied for and obtained a search warrant from a magistrate for the Defendant's homes. Drugs were found there and the Defendant convicted. He appealed on the grounds that the original affidavit drawn up to obtain the search






9. The exclusionary rule was modified by the __________ exception in the US Supreme Court decision of US v. Leon (1984).






10. Deterrence prevents crime through using an example or threat of ___________ to persuade the public against committing the crime.






11. Organized law enforcement in Britain can be traced back to 1200 AD when identified law breakers were pursued by a _____ led by the shire reeve or mounted officer.






12. In US v. __________ (1950) - the US Supreme Court ruled that a warrantless search upon a lawful arrest was permitted as long as it was reasonable given the circumstances.






13. This is one of the main functions of the police academy and ensures that unsuitable recruits do not make it as officers. About 10% of recruits do not _________ from the academy.






14. When a 911 call comes in - the operator answers it - makes a decision whether to send out a patrol car and then informs the dispatcher who then communicates the details to the ______ officer.






15. The UCR has a hierarchy rule whereby multiple types of incidents can only be recorded as 1 incident. This is a _________ of the system.






16. Individuals have the right to live in their homes peacefully and not be subjected to unreasonable searches and seizures by virtue of the ___ amendment.






17. The exclusionary rule relates to illegally seized evidence. In this case - the police searched and seized personal effects as well as incriminating evidence from the Defendant's house without a warrant. On the basis of this evidence - the Defendant w






18. Criminalistics relies on __________ to analyze firearms and munitions as well as various forensic techniques to determine issues such as time of death.






19. Research has revealed that in about 80% of such situations - no formal action - such as _______ was necessary.






20. When an appellate court is asked to review a judgment - they may ______ it - require the lower court to set it aside or modify it.






21. The 3 main approaches to controlling police discretion are removing it - improving the professional judgment of officers through better training and managing it through _______ policies.






22. In this case - the Defendants were suspected of evading taxes but they refused to hand over their company books. An illegal search and seizure was performed and the books returned soon after - when the Defendant's lawyer objected. At the trial - the






23. When the offender was apprehended by the posse - trials were rarely held and public __________ were held to dispense justice.






24. Police training programs do suffer from ___________ - particularly as important areas such as domestic violence - ethics and police discretion - which are not usually covered






25. Where offenders are not captured red-handed - an arrest _______ issued by an officer of the court is required to supply the legal foundation for the act of detention.






26. Research showed that patrol was of little deterrence and speedier response times did not increase the arrest rate nor assisted in the solving of crimes. Community policing is meant to create a _____________ between police and community to develop pro






27. Officers may feel that the rules are there to catch them out and that the system mistrusts them. This may encourage officers to work at a deliberately _____ pace.






28. The police ___________ of secrecy - public hostility and solidarity meant they were very isolated from the community - especially the black community.






29. The NCVS Survey is a yearly study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of specific households to determine the level of criminal _____________ - particularly unreported victimization - in the US.






30. The first landmark case that forms the foundation of the exclusionary rule is the US Supreme court decision of _____ v US (1914).






31. Police subculture is determined by the potential of ______ and because of this they stereotype certain categories of persons - such as low-income males - as possible threats.






32. Training is one of the roles a ______-level enforcement agency usually engages in.






33. Good faith means that when the police act with the honest belief that they are following proper rules. According to the ruling in US v. Leon - when officers have acted in good faith reliance on a warrant - the evidence will not be excluded even if th






34. Officers are allocated to specific shifts and patrol areas based on _________ or using a rotation system.






35. Community policing is widely implemented in the US today but critics are concerned that the police role of crime control has been hijacked - the police are increasingly getting involved at a political level and ________________ will lead to the loss






36. The role of the ___ is to investigate breaches of federal criminal law - to protect the country from foreign counterintelligence and terrorist activities and to provide law enforcement assistance to other agencies.






37. These experts contend that officers do not have the authority to subvert the criminal law. Some states have criminalized the failure of criminal justice officials who turn a ______ eye to enforcement.






38. The drawbacks of the administrative rule-making route are that they can never cover every conceivable situation; it may promote lying - avoidance - confusion and a negative ________ from officers.






39. Since the 1980s - there have been some very public crackdowns on _____ driving but rates of this offence which creep down during the crackdown soon return to the original levels because the publicity forces a temporary change in behavior which is not






40. One of the most controversial incidents in recent American police history occurred in ___________ in 1991 when officers subdued Rodney King using considerable force; resulting in 2 criminal trials and a riot that seriously damaged PCR for several yea






41. This may also be called '________ officer.' The investigative nature of their jobs has resulted in their classification as a local law enforcement agency.






42. The CIA also engages in ______ operations sanctioned by the President as part of their role in ensuring national security.






43. There is usually a degree of competition between detectives and _______ officers. The latter sometimes withhold information in the hope of beating detectives to solving a case.






44. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






45. Domestic violence must be distinguished from a domestic ___________ in the sense that in the former a serious crime has been committed and so the officers can exercise their powers of arrest - if they choose to do so although research shows that offi






46. J Edgar ______ - the Director of the FBI in the 1930s had a critical impact on local policing in setting educational and training models for officers - the development of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the establishment of the FBI crime lab.






47. The next most critical factor that impacts on PCR after race and ethnicity is ___.






48. This was the bright-line rule (one that can ______ be crossed) that emerged from this case.






49. Officers are commonly offered bribes to let suspects go or to turn a blind eye to ________ activities.






50. There is no _________ method of centralized policing in the US as police services are provided by the 4 levels of government which are the city - county - state and federal levels.