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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Officers at the academy undergo _________ training and most academies also offer field training.






2. Where offenders are not captured red-handed - an arrest _______ issued by an officer of the court is required to supply the legal foundation for the act of detention.






3. Plea bargains avoid an expensive court trial. Prosecutors may offer and defendants may accept a bargained plea to avoid the uncertainty of a jury trial. In many cases - the Defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge or for a ________ sentenc






4. The local police cover a wide range of law enforcement agencies such as the municipal police - sheriff's departments - campus and _______ police.






5. Research into police work and activities conducted between the 1950s and 1970s concluded that police-community relations were very ____ and officers regularly breached legal rules






6. Criminalistics relies on __________ to analyze firearms and munitions as well as various forensic techniques to determine issues such as time of death.






7. The Hispanic community is growing faster than expected and therefore police departments should take steps to hire more Hispanic officers through active recruitment processes and offering incentive ___ for bilingual officers.






8. Since the 1980s - there have been some very public crackdowns on _____ driving but rates of this offence which creep down during the crackdown soon return to the original levels because the publicity forces a temporary change in behavior which is not






9. Parens patriae is Latin for 'the ______ as parent'.






10. In US v. Irizarry (1982) - the US Supreme Court held that evidence found above a ceiling panel that was out of place was _______ the scope of the plain-view doctrine






11. Deterrence prevents crime through using an example or threat of ___________ to persuade the public against committing the crime.






12. Increasing ___________ and reducing competition between patrol officers and detectives as well as improving police-citizen relationships are 2 important methods of enhancing the quality of investigative work.






13. Patrol is meant to reassure citizens that their environment is _____ and protected from crime.






14. Between the data in the UCR and NCVS - most experts tend to prefer the ____.






15. A limited amount of streetwalking is tolerated if it is restricted to a particular part of town - usually a business district and it is not too ________.






16. This is widely recognized as a police role - though they do share the burden with other institutions such as schools and _____________.






17. This means that the court releases the suspect into their own custody or into the care of another. This occurs where the suspect poses a low flight risk and is not __________ to the community.






18. When considering detective productivity and _____________ - more important than the number of arrests is the quality of those arrests.






19. The CIA also engages in ______ operations sanctioned by the President as part of their role in ensuring national security.






20. Bail describes the circumstance when suspects are released from custody but on condition that money or property is offered as __________ against flight.






21. The rise of police professionalism and reform was spearheaded by August _______ who served as the chief of police in Berkeley - California from 1905 to 1932.






22. This describes the Pendleton Act. This was a big step in the government becoming the huge _____________ it is today.






23. Law enforcement in the US is extremely large and ___________ and hence this many agencies currently exist.






24. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






25. Officers may feel that the rules are there to catch them out and that the system mistrusts them. This may encourage officers to work at a deliberately _____ pace.






26. Wilson and Kelling believed that the broken window symbolized a deteriorating neighborhood and not repaired led to the eventual decline of an area - thereby encouraging criminal _________.






27. The professionalization movement started by Vollmer was nurtured by his prot






28. Officers appointed to carry out investigative work are known as __________.






29. The written policies method is called '________________ rule-making' and it is presently the most popular method of controlling discretion.






30. Some police departments may have a separate detective unit with further specialized units such as homicide and vice. ________ ones will have a single department to handle all cases or no department at all.






31. The number of homeless people in the US has spiraled upwards in the last 2 decades so that the function of the police in dealing with them is shifting from one of containment and peacekeeping to the delivery of proactive strategies to deal with the _






32. The spoils system refers to firing supporters of the opponent and replacing them with one's own supporters upon ________.






33. This is the right granted under the Constitution but the Supreme Court has held that it can be exercised only for offences carrying a term of ______________ exceeding 6 months or where the extra penalties such as fines and community service are suffi






34. Police subculture is determined by the potential of ______ and because of this they stereotype certain categories of persons - such as low-income males - as possible threats.






35. The 3 purposes of patrol are to deter crime - increase feelings of public ________ and prepare officers for service through effective dispersal in the neighborhood.






36. The courts of general jurisdiction utilize a fact-finding foundation known as the ___________ process which pits the State's interest - as represented by the prosecution against the Defendant's - as represented by defense counsel.






37. The _________ Act passed by Congress in 1883 put an end to Andrew Jackson's 'spoils system -' and created a system of hiring government employees based on their qualifications.






38. In this case - the police applied for and obtained a search warrant from a magistrate for the Defendant's homes. Drugs were found there and the Defendant convicted. He appealed on the grounds that the original affidavit drawn up to obtain the search






39. The first ___ amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. They were created to restrict government actions against the individual.






40. Officers are commonly offered bribes to let suspects go or to turn a blind eye to ________ activities.






41. Able-bodied men who could hear the commotion caused by the victim were obliged to form a posse and join the shire reeve (term from which ________ is derived) or mounted officer in pursuit of the offender.






42. This is the problem of case __________. Research has shown that only about half of felony arrests result in convictions. The question is whether this is due to poor police work or some other reason.






43. This was the bright-line rule (one that can ______ be crossed) that emerged from this case.






44. Officers have very broad discretion - yet this subject is _______ taught or sufficiently taught to better aid the officers in making an appropriate decision.






45. When a 911 call comes in - the operator answers it - makes a decision whether to send out a patrol car and then informs the dispatcher who then communicates the details to the ______ officer.






46. The _________ Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)is the term coined for this annual study.






47. Domestic disturbances may be fuelled by alcohol and drug abuse - financial difficulties or many other reasons that are beyond the ________ of the officers.






48. Citizen ______ and vigilante groups were the main means of policing the frontier and well-known figures who took up this challenge in the 19th Century include Wild Bill Hickok and Wyatt Earp.






49. They believe that _____-reporting provides more accurate information than police reports.






50. Ballistics is the scientific _________ of firearms - ammunition - projectiles - bombs and explosives.