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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The county level of government supplies citizens with police services - for example the county ________.






2. One of the major problems facing patrol officers is high-speed pursuits is a high ________ rate.






3. The UCR statistics are used to create the FBI Crime Clock which creates a picture of crime _________ in the US.






4. The professionalization movement started by Vollmer was nurtured by his prot






5. This was the ruling of the court. Many commentators were surprised but the court decided that although arrest for trivial offences (in this case a seat belt violation) may be embarrassing - it was not so extraordinary as to breach the ____ amendment






6. The first ___ amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. They were created to restrict government actions against the individual.






7. The first landmark case that forms the foundation of the exclusionary rule is the US Supreme court decision of _____ v US (1914).






8. The nature of police work also promotes deviant activities because officers are often offered ______ - they are regularly unsupervised and so think they can get away with it and fed on a diet of illegality may succumb to criminality too.






9. The majority of criminal cases do not go to trial but are instead settled via a plea _______.






10. The UCR has a hierarchy rule whereby multiple types of incidents can only be recorded as 1 incident. This is a _________ of the system.






11. Increasing ___________ and reducing competition between patrol officers and detectives as well as improving police-citizen relationships are 2 important methods of enhancing the quality of investigative work.






12. This describes the Pendleton Act. This was a big step in the government becoming the huge _____________ it is today.






13. Tensions between the police and racial minorities continue despite the many advances made since the 1960s; major complaints are still made regularly and these include use of excessive force and ______ profiling.






14. Wilson and Kelling believed that the broken window symbolized a deteriorating neighborhood and not repaired led to the eventual decline of an area - thereby encouraging criminal _________.






15. Deterrence prevents crime through using an example or threat of ___________ to persuade the public against committing the crime.






16. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






17. Due to an increase in _________ and disorder by citizens - officers turned to weaponry to protect themselves.






18. _________ policing took off in the 1980s and 1990s - with the realization that the police could not fight crime on their own.






19. This is the right granted under the Constitution but the Supreme Court has held that it can be exercised only for offences carrying a term of ______________ exceeding 6 months or where the extra penalties such as fines and community service are suffi






20. The office of coroner is considered a local law enforcement agency because they determine the cause of _____ of victims and perpetrators in criminal cases.






21. Bail describes the circumstance when suspects are released from custody but on condition that money or property is offered as __________ against flight.






22. Generally - surveys have revealed that ________ people tend to be more dissatisfied with the police than older persons. Some youths seem to believe that the police target them simply because they are young and think that all teenagers are up to no go






23. Since these crimes are usually not reported - in order to discover them - undercover work using devices such as _________ are utilized.






24. Another source of PCR tension is discriminatory employment practices of the ______ force.






25. Some legal experts believe that police discretion should be abolished because it is _______.






26. In order to police __________ crimes - officers generally have to resort to undercover work.






27. The 911 communications center is the _____ of a modern police department.






28. This was the only way they could ________ themselves and their property from the bandits. They did try to apply the accepted standards of decency of the day to their actions.






29. There was no __________ form of criminal justice law in those days. Guilt was assumed; the execution carried out and accepted by all as an act of retribution.






30. In US v. Irizarry (1982) - the US Supreme Court held that evidence found above a ceiling panel that was out of place was _______ the scope of the plain-view doctrine






31. The next most critical factor that impacts on PCR after race and ethnicity is ___.






32. The exclusionary rule was extended by the US Supreme Court in the case of Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. US (1920) - which held that ______ of illegally seized evidence were inadmissible in court.






33. Under the 6th Amendment to the Constitution - every defendant has the right to a ____ trial.






34. Sheriff departments are usually responsible for _______ court papers - civil summons - and managing security in state courtrooms.






35. Good faith means that when the police act with the honest belief that they are following proper rules. According to the ruling in US v. Leon - when officers have acted in good faith reliance on a warrant - the evidence will not be excluded even if th






36. The public perception of the police is of a distant and alienated law enforcement unit. Through community policing - police-community relations should ________ as the public have a greater stake and say in their problems and needs.






37. Research into police work and activities conducted between the 1950s and 1970s concluded that police-community relations were very ____ and officers regularly breached legal rules






38. The _________ Act passed by Congress in 1883 put an end to Andrew Jackson's 'spoils system -' and created a system of hiring government employees based on their qualifications.






39. This is the definition of bail. If the suspect fails to appear for the next court hearing - then the money or property pledged may be __________.






40. There is usually a degree of competition between detectives and _______ officers. The latter sometimes withhold information in the hope of beating detectives to solving a case.






41. The role of the ___ is to investigate breaches of federal criminal law - to protect the country from foreign counterintelligence and terrorist activities and to provide law enforcement assistance to other agencies.






42. The police ___________ of secrecy - public hostility and solidarity meant they were very isolated from the community - especially the black community.






43. Another word for uphold is _________. This is the result for most appellate court decisions whereby they confirm the decision of the lower court.






44. Able-bodied men who could hear the commotion caused by the victim were obliged to form a posse and join the shire reeve (term from which ________ is derived) or mounted officer in pursuit of the offender.






45. Individuals have the right to live in their homes peacefully and not be subjected to unreasonable searches and seizures by virtue of the ___ amendment.






46. This occurs where criminal and non-criminal actions are used by an officer in the course of his/her working activities or committed when pretending it is within his/her ___________ police authority. An example is sleeping on the job or a racial slur






47. This is widely recognized as a police role - though they do share the burden with other institutions such as schools and _____________.






48. The spoils system refers to firing supporters of the opponent and replacing them with one's own supporters upon ________.






49. Public concern led to the start of the crackdown and this is viewed as an important police role but it is very difficult to spot the minority of drunk drivers amongst those who are ______.






50. In the 1950s training for police officers consisted mainly of firearm skill development but over the years - classroom training has emphasized criminal __________.