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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. There was no __________ form of criminal justice law in those days. Guilt was assumed; the execution carried out and accepted by all as an act of retribution.






2. Police subculture is determined by the potential of ______ and because of this they stereotype certain categories of persons - such as low-income males - as possible threats.






3. Under the 6th Amendment to the Constitution - every defendant has the right to a ____ trial.






4. In the 1950s training for police officers consisted mainly of firearm skill development but over the years - classroom training has emphasized criminal __________.






5. Decentralization means reduced _____________ of rank and file officers who have greater discretion in making decisions.






6. The _________ Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)is the term coined for this annual study.






7. This is because patrol consists of the majority of police work and this is ________ through the police communications network - which is triggered by 911 calls.






8. In dealing with federal criminal law enforcement - the duty of the FBI upon investigation is to gather evidence and perform personnel investigations - especially in major programs such as _________ crime and white-collar crime.






9. In 1837 - the slave patrol consisted of about 100 officers and they were responsible for finding ________ slaves and ensuring that they were well-behaved.






10. This was the ruling of the court. Many commentators were surprised but the court decided that although arrest for trivial offences (in this case a seat belt violation) may be embarrassing - it was not so extraordinary as to breach the ____ amendment






11. The first ___ amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. They were created to restrict government actions against the individual.






12. The _________ Act passed by Congress in 1883 put an end to Andrew Jackson's 'spoils system -' and created a system of hiring government employees based on their qualifications.






13. The county level of government supplies citizens with police services - for example the county ________.






14. Some legal experts believe that police discretion should be abolished because it is _______.






15. They believe that _____-reporting provides more accurate information than police reports.






16. Law enforcement in the US is extremely large and ___________ and hence this many agencies currently exist.






17. In serious cases - this may be the outcome. However - hospital care for the mentally ill is very disjointed and it may be difficult to hospitalize a person without their ________. Also - these hospitals or shelters may refuse to admit these patients.






18. This was the step taken in 1965 to remedy _________ discrimination.






19. In US v. Irizarry (1982) - the US Supreme Court held that evidence found above a ceiling panel that was out of place was _______ the scope of the plain-view doctrine






20. The number of homeless people in the US has spiraled upwards in the last 2 decades so that the function of the police in dealing with them is shifting from one of containment and peacekeeping to the delivery of proactive strategies to deal with the _






21. The nature of police work also promotes deviant activities because officers are often offered ______ - they are regularly unsupervised and so think they can get away with it and fed on a diet of illegality may succumb to criminality too.






22. This describes the Pendleton Act. This was a big step in the government becoming the huge _____________ it is today.






23. This is the way criminal trials are conducted in the US and it is governed by strict rules of __________.






24. In this case - the Defendants were suspected of evading taxes but they refused to hand over their company books. An illegal search and seizure was performed and the books returned soon after - when the Defendant's lawyer objected. At the trial - the






25. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) is an annualized report published by the ___ that states the statistical rate of reported crime in the US based on data from police reports.






26. The ________ rule was further emphasized in Edwards v. Arizona (1981) - when the court prohibited investigators from continuing questioning once the suspect has requested an attorney.






27. Sheriff departments are usually responsible for _______ court papers - civil summons - and managing security in state courtrooms.






28. One of the most controversial incidents in recent American police history occurred in ___________ in 1991 when officers subdued Rodney King using considerable force; resulting in 2 criminal trials and a riot that seriously damaged PCR for several yea






29. This is the venue for police training and the value of training has experienced a dramatic _________ in status since its inception.






30. When an appellate court is asked to review a judgment - they may ______ it - require the lower court to set it aside or modify it.






31. Since these crimes are usually not reported - in order to discover them - undercover work using devices such as _________ are utilized.






32. When considering detective productivity and _____________ - more important than the number of arrests is the quality of those arrests.






33. The rise of police professionalism and reform was spearheaded by August _______ who served as the chief of police in Berkeley - California from 1905 to 1932.






34. The 1980s and 1990s saw the creation of _______ oversight of police groups to monitor or investigate complaints by individuals against police actions.






35. The CIA is divided into 3 ____________ and 5 mission support offices (MSOs).






36. The 3 purposes of patrol are to deter crime - increase feelings of public ________ and prepare officers for service through effective dispersal in the neighborhood.






37. Some departments allow for bidding of new patrol areas once or twice _________.






38. The written policies method is called '________________ rule-making' and it is presently the most popular method of controlling discretion.






39. When the offender was apprehended by the posse - trials were rarely held and public __________ were held to dispense justice.






40. The first landmark case that forms the foundation of the exclusionary rule is the US Supreme court decision of _____ v US (1914).






41. Officers must file written _______ in certain circumstances when they exercise their discretion - for example when they fire their weapon and these reports must be reviewed by their superiors.






42. The police ___________ of secrecy - public hostility and solidarity meant they were very isolated from the community - especially the black community.






43. Prospective police officers are trained at police _________ - with the average pre-service training program lasting about 1000 hours.






44. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






45. The UCR statistics are used to create the FBI Crime Clock which creates a picture of crime _________ in the US.






46. J Edgar ______ - the Director of the FBI in the 1930s had a critical impact on local policing in setting educational and training models for officers - the development of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the establishment of the FBI crime lab.






47. Bail describes the circumstance when suspects are released from custody but on condition that money or property is offered as __________ against flight.






48. A centralized state-level agency - which merges patrol with ______________ will usually assist in local criminal investigations when asked - patrol the state's highways - operate identification bureaus - manage criminal records and provide training t






49. The NCVS Survey is a yearly study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of specific households to determine the level of criminal _____________ - particularly unreported victimization - in the US.






50. Upon conviction - the defendant is punished through a sentence passed by the judge and if convicted of more than one crime - then may be subject to a ___________ or concurrent sentence.