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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This is the right granted under the Constitution but the Supreme Court has held that it can be exercised only for offences carrying a term of ______________ exceeding 6 months or where the extra penalties such as fines and community service are suffi






2. The 3 purposes of patrol are to deter crime - increase feelings of public ________ and prepare officers for service through effective dispersal in the neighborhood.






3. In US v. Irizarry (1982) - the US Supreme Court held that evidence found above a ceiling panel that was out of place was _______ the scope of the plain-view doctrine






4. The ATF was previously an organization within the Department of the Treasury but since 24th January 2003 - their agency was transferred to the Department of _______.






5. Some legal experts believe that police discretion should be abolished because it is _______.






6. The ________ rule was further emphasized in Edwards v. Arizona (1981) - when the court prohibited investigators from continuing questioning once the suspect has requested an attorney.






7. A limited amount of streetwalking is tolerated if it is restricted to a particular part of town - usually a business district and it is not too ________.






8. Good faith means that when the police act with the honest belief that they are following proper rules. According to the ruling in US v. Leon - when officers have acted in good faith reliance on a warrant - the evidence will not be excluded even if th






9. The controversial 'broken window' theory made the connection between disorder - neighborhood decay and _____.






10. Research has revealed that in about 80% of such situations - no formal action - such as _______ was necessary.






11. The exclusionary rule was extended by the US Supreme Court in the case of Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. US (1920) - which held that ______ of illegally seized evidence were inadmissible in court.






12. The NCVS Survey is a yearly study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of specific households to determine the level of criminal _____________ - particularly unreported victimization - in the US.






13. The rights of the accused (and of prisoners) have been defined mostly through the _______________'s interpretation of the Bill of Rights.






14. This is one of the main functions of the police academy and ensures that unsuitable recruits do not make it as officers. About 10% of recruits do not _________ from the academy.






15. This is because patrol consists of the majority of police work and this is ________ through the police communications network - which is triggered by 911 calls.






16. This was the bright-line rule (one that can ______ be crossed) that emerged from this case.






17. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






18. Training is one of the roles a ______-level enforcement agency usually engages in.






19. When called to attend to a non-crime incident - the police have to exercise discretion and can usually handle the situation _______ taking formal police action.






20. Under the 6th Amendment to the Constitution - every defendant has the right to a ____ trial.






21. These experts contend that officers do not have the authority to subvert the criminal law. Some states have criminalized the failure of criminal justice officials who turn a ______ eye to enforcement.






22. It can be argued that __________ officers possess an additional skill and therefore the extra pay can be justified on those grounds.






23. Field training consists of practical on-the-job training with a __________ field training officer.






24. Officers are commonly offered bribes to let suspects go or to turn a blind eye to ________ activities.






25. According to the doctrine of ______ patriae - the state has a duty to care for children who are neglected or delinquent - and to assume the role of parent if necessary.






26. This is training in relation to _____________ rules and was spurred by the decisions of the US Supreme Court in the 1960s.






27. Upon conviction - the defendant is punished through a sentence passed by the judge and if convicted of more than one crime - then may be subject to a ___________ or concurrent sentence.






28. Under the ___ system - if last night Jim killed John - then set fire to a car and robbed an old lady - these multiple crimes would be recorded as a single incident.






29. This was the ruling of the court. Many commentators were surprised but the court decided that although arrest for trivial offences (in this case a seat belt violation) may be embarrassing - it was not so extraordinary as to breach the ____ amendment






30. Plea bargains avoid an expensive court trial. Prosecutors may offer and defendants may accept a bargained plea to avoid the uncertainty of a jury trial. In many cases - the Defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge or for a ________ sentenc






31. Domestic violence must be distinguished from a domestic ___________ in the sense that in the former a serious crime has been committed and so the officers can exercise their powers of arrest - if they choose to do so although research shows that offi






32. A warrant is a _____ issued by the court to justify the arrest of a suspect. It offers protection to the officer executing the warrant against damages; for example for wrongful arrest.






33. It is interesting to note that the city of Detroit is the only state in which blacks rate the police force more ______ than their white counterparts.






34. Officers may feel that the rules are there to catch them out and that the system mistrusts them. This may encourage officers to work at a deliberately _____ pace.






35. In this case - the police applied for and obtained a search warrant from a magistrate for the Defendant's homes. Drugs were found there and the Defendant convicted. He appealed on the grounds that the original affidavit drawn up to obtain the search






36. The number of homeless people in the US has spiraled upwards in the last 2 decades so that the function of the police in dealing with them is shifting from one of containment and peacekeeping to the delivery of proactive strategies to deal with the _






37. This is the term coined to describe this diagrammatic representation. It differentiates between ________ crimes such as murder and rape and property crime such as burglary and arson.






38. In order to police __________ crimes - officers generally have to resort to undercover work.






39. Decentralization means reduced _____________ of rank and file officers who have greater discretion in making decisions.






40. Organized law enforcement in Britain can be traced back to 1200 AD when identified law breakers were pursued by a _____ led by the shire reeve or mounted officer.






41. The courts of general jurisdiction utilize a fact-finding foundation known as the ___________ process which pits the State's interest - as represented by the prosecution against the Defendant's - as represented by defense counsel.






42. Officers at the academy undergo _________ training and most academies also offer field training.






43. The police ___________ of secrecy - public hostility and solidarity meant they were very isolated from the community - especially the black community.






44. The majority of criminal cases do not go to trial but are instead settled via a plea _______.






45. Officers are allocated to specific shifts and patrol areas based on _________ or using a rotation system.






46. There are around _____ federal - state and local law enforcement agencies in the US.






47. The spoils system is greatly reduced in modern politics - though not entirely eliminated. Most ________ workers do not have to be concerned about losing their jobs when a new party takes office.






48. The first ___ amendments of the Constitution are commonly called the Bill of Rights and offer the individual considerable protection in the criminal justice system.






49. This is the problem of case __________. Research has shown that only about half of felony arrests result in convictions. The question is whether this is due to poor police work or some other reason.






50. The drawbacks of the administrative rule-making route are that they can never cover every conceivable situation; it may promote lying - avoidance - confusion and a negative ________ from officers.