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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Campus police are a type of _______ district police force - and many of these larger forces have been state certified as law enforcement agencies with general arrest powers.






2. In 1837 - the slave patrol consisted of about 100 officers and they were responsible for finding ________ slaves and ensuring that they were well-behaved.






3. Tensions between the police and racial minorities continue despite the many advances made since the 1960s; major complaints are still made regularly and these include use of excessive force and ______ profiling.






4. Criminalistics relies on __________ to analyze firearms and munitions as well as various forensic techniques to determine issues such as time of death.






5. This is the term coined to describe this diagrammatic representation. It differentiates between ________ crimes such as murder and rape and property crime such as burglary and arson.






6. In order to police __________ crimes - officers generally have to resort to undercover work.






7. Good faith means that when the police act with the honest belief that they are following proper rules. According to the ruling in US v. Leon - when officers have acted in good faith reliance on a warrant - the evidence will not be excluded even if th






8. The evidence had to be plainly in sight and even though the officers may have concluded that some items may have been located behind the ceiling panel; it was not in plain view and hence was ______________ as evidence. Furthermore - the officers are






9. Domestic disturbances are a common order maintenance issue handled by the police but officers generally find them frustrating to handle because there is little that they can do about the _____ of the problem.






10. Their perception of the amount of danger faced in their jobs results in the development of constant __________ of people






11. Police subculture is determined by the potential of ______ and because of this they stereotype certain categories of persons - such as low-income males - as possible threats.






12. The courts of general jurisdiction utilize a fact-finding foundation known as the ___________ process which pits the State's interest - as represented by the prosecution against the Defendant's - as represented by defense counsel.






13. Wilson and Kelling believed that the broken window symbolized a deteriorating neighborhood and not repaired led to the eventual decline of an area - thereby encouraging criminal _________.






14. The controversial 'broken window' theory made the connection between disorder - neighborhood decay and _____.






15. The UCR has a hierarchy rule whereby multiple types of incidents can only be recorded as 1 incident. This is a _________ of the system.






16. This is the problem of case __________. Research has shown that only about half of felony arrests result in convictions. The question is whether this is due to poor police work or some other reason.






17. Research has revealed that in about 80% of such situations - no formal action - such as _______ was necessary.






18. Increasing ___________ and reducing competition between patrol officers and detectives as well as improving police-citizen relationships are 2 important methods of enhancing the quality of investigative work.






19. The NCVS Survey is a yearly study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of specific households to determine the level of criminal _____________ - particularly unreported victimization - in the US.






20. Plea bargains avoid an expensive court trial. Prosecutors may offer and defendants may accept a bargained plea to avoid the uncertainty of a jury trial. In many cases - the Defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge or for a ________ sentenc






21. By dealing with the underlying issues - for example mental health or financial service problems - then a solution may be found to get them off the street and back into a more ___________ existence.






22. In this case - the police applied for and obtained a search warrant from a magistrate for the Defendant's homes. Drugs were found there and the Defendant convicted. He appealed on the grounds that the original affidavit drawn up to obtain the search






23. Citizen ______ and vigilante groups were the main means of policing the frontier and well-known figures who took up this challenge in the 19th Century include Wild Bill Hickok and Wyatt Earp.






24. The county level of government supplies citizens with police services - for example the county ________.






25. The _________ Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)is the term coined for this annual study.






26. The ________ rule was further emphasized in Edwards v. Arizona (1981) - when the court prohibited investigators from continuing questioning once the suspect has requested an attorney.






27. The local police cover a wide range of law enforcement agencies such as the municipal police - sheriff's departments - campus and _______ police.






28. The number of homeless people in the US has spiraled upwards in the last 2 decades so that the function of the police in dealing with them is shifting from one of containment and peacekeeping to the delivery of proactive strategies to deal with the _






29. Racial profiling is the practice of stopping and or __________ a person not because of any suspected criminal activity but because of that person's race.






30. The spoils system is greatly reduced in modern politics - though not entirely eliminated. Most ________ workers do not have to be concerned about losing their jobs when a new party takes office.






31. Research into police work and activities conducted between the 1950s and 1970s concluded that police-community relations were very ____ and officers regularly breached legal rules






32. Apart from reducing crime - the mission of community policing is to _______ the trend of the negative public perception of the police






33. The drawbacks of the administrative rule-making route are that they can never cover every conceivable situation; it may promote lying - avoidance - confusion and a negative ________ from officers.






34. After the arrest - suspects are brought before a __________ for their first appearance so that the charges brought against them can be read out and if appropriate they may be released on their own recognizance.






35. The CIA has operations officers and recruits ________ agents as part of their intelligence activities and this may involve covert operations.






36. Generally - surveys have revealed that ________ people tend to be more dissatisfied with the police than older persons. Some youths seem to believe that the police target them simply because they are young and think that all teenagers are up to no go






37. Since the 1980s - there have been some very public crackdowns on _____ driving but rates of this offence which creep down during the crackdown soon return to the original levels because the publicity forces a temporary change in behavior which is not






38. A critical function that the police play in society is crime __________ and this role is primarily executed through routine patrolling.






39. This is to ensure that ___________ with the administrative rules is maintained.






40. Police training programs do suffer from ___________ - particularly as important areas such as domestic violence - ethics and police discretion - which are not usually covered






41. The CIA also engages in ______ operations sanctioned by the President as part of their role in ensuring national security.






42. This was the ruling of the court. Many commentators were surprised but the court decided that although arrest for trivial offences (in this case a seat belt violation) may be embarrassing - it was not so extraordinary as to breach the ____ amendment






43. There was no __________ form of criminal justice law in those days. Guilt was assumed; the execution carried out and accepted by all as an act of retribution.






44. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






45. Sheriff departments are usually responsible for _______ court papers - civil summons - and managing security in state courtrooms.






46. The exclusionary rule relates to illegally seized evidence. In this case - the police searched and seized personal effects as well as incriminating evidence from the Defendant's house without a warrant. On the basis of this evidence - the Defendant w






47. There are over _____ sheriff's departments in the US.






48. The rise of police professionalism and reform was spearheaded by August _______ who served as the chief of police in Berkeley - California from 1905 to 1932.






49. Community policing is widely implemented in the US today but critics are concerned that the police role of crime control has been hijacked - the police are increasingly getting involved at a political level and ________________ will lead to the loss






50. Research showed that patrol was of little deterrence and speedier response times did not increase the arrest rate nor assisted in the solving of crimes. Community policing is meant to create a _____________ between police and community to develop pro