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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Hispanic community is growing faster than expected and therefore police departments should take steps to hire more Hispanic officers through active recruitment processes and offering incentive ___ for bilingual officers.






2. Domestic violence must be distinguished from a domestic ___________ in the sense that in the former a serious crime has been committed and so the officers can exercise their powers of arrest - if they choose to do so although research shows that offi






3. The rise of police professionalism and reform was spearheaded by August _______ who served as the chief of police in Berkeley - California from 1905 to 1932.






4. Increasing ___________ and reducing competition between patrol officers and detectives as well as improving police-citizen relationships are 2 important methods of enhancing the quality of investigative work.






5. The exclusionary rule was modified by the __________ exception in the US Supreme Court decision of US v. Leon (1984).






6. A centralized state-level agency - which merges patrol with ______________ will usually assist in local criminal investigations when asked - patrol the state's highways - operate identification bureaus - manage criminal records and provide training t






7. The spoils system refers to firing supporters of the opponent and replacing them with one's own supporters upon ________.






8. One of the most controversial incidents in recent American police history occurred in ___________ in 1991 when officers subdued Rodney King using considerable force; resulting in 2 criminal trials and a riot that seriously damaged PCR for several yea






9. Various studies have shown that these pursuits have between an 18% to 33% chance of resulting in an accident. As a consequence - many departments have a restrictive - discouraging or discretionary _______ regarding high-speed pursuits for officers to






10. Research has revealed that in about 80% of such situations - no formal action - such as _______ was necessary.






11. Between the data in the UCR and NCVS - most experts tend to prefer the ____.






12. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






13. Decentralization means reduced _____________ of rank and file officers who have greater discretion in making decisions.






14. Officers must file written _______ in certain circumstances when they exercise their discretion - for example when they fire their weapon and these reports must be reviewed by their superiors.






15. This is the problem of case __________. Research has shown that only about half of felony arrests result in convictions. The question is whether this is due to poor police work or some other reason.






16. The local police cover a wide range of law enforcement agencies such as the municipal police - sheriff's departments - campus and _______ police.






17. Officers at the academy undergo _________ training and most academies also offer field training.






18. When a 911 call comes in - the operator answers it - makes a decision whether to send out a patrol car and then informs the dispatcher who then communicates the details to the ______ officer.






19. The most organized and distinctly American officer force was the _____ patrol based in Charleston - South Carolina.






20. The public perception of the police is of a distant and alienated law enforcement unit. Through community policing - police-community relations should ________ as the public have a greater stake and say in their problems and needs.






21. Racial profiling is the practice of stopping and or __________ a person not because of any suspected criminal activity but because of that person's race.






22. In 2001 - the US Supreme Court held in Atwater v. Lago Vista that the 4th amendment did not ________ warrantless arrests for minor offenses.






23. Under the 6th Amendment to the Constitution - every defendant has the right to a ____ trial.






24. Since the 1980s - there have been some very public crackdowns on _____ driving but rates of this offence which creep down during the crackdown soon return to the original levels because the publicity forces a temporary change in behavior which is not






25. The 911 communications center is the _____ of a modern police department.






26. The police ___________ of secrecy - public hostility and solidarity meant they were very isolated from the community - especially the black community.






27. When it comes to prostitution - low-level street-walking is usually tolerated so that the role of the police is normally ___________ and maintaining the peace.






28. The controversial 'broken window' theory made the connection between disorder - neighborhood decay and _____.






29. In the 1950s training for police officers consisted mainly of firearm skill development but over the years - classroom training has emphasized criminal __________.






30. There is no _________ method of centralized policing in the US as police services are provided by the 4 levels of government which are the city - county - state and federal levels.






31. There are over _____ sheriff's departments in the US.






32. The number of homeless people in the US has spiraled upwards in the last 2 decades so that the function of the police in dealing with them is shifting from one of containment and peacekeeping to the delivery of proactive strategies to deal with the _






33. This means that the court releases the suspect into their own custody or into the care of another. This occurs where the suspect poses a low flight risk and is not __________ to the community.






34. There are around _____ federal - state and local law enforcement agencies in the US.






35. J Edgar ______ - the Director of the FBI in the 1930s had a critical impact on local policing in setting educational and training models for officers - the development of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the establishment of the FBI crime lab.






36. Deterrence prevents crime through using an example or threat of ___________ to persuade the public against committing the crime.






37. Sheriff departments are usually responsible for _______ court papers - civil summons - and managing security in state courtrooms.






38. The CID within the FBI is responsible for organized crime - violent crime - ____________ and money laundering.






39. The first ___ amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. They were created to restrict government actions against the individual.






40. Training is one of the roles a ______-level enforcement agency usually engages in.






41. The 3 CIA directorates are the directorate of Intelligence - directorate of Operations and the directorate of Science and ___________.






42. The county level of government supplies citizens with police services - for example the county ________.






43. Officers are allocated to specific shifts and patrol areas based on _________ or using a rotation system.






44. The ________ rule was further emphasized in Edwards v. Arizona (1981) - when the court prohibited investigators from continuing questioning once the suspect has requested an attorney.






45. When the offender was apprehended by the posse - trials were rarely held and public __________ were held to dispense justice.






46. August Vollmer believed that policing standards needed to be improved and corruption stamped out. He advocated training and __________ for officers.






47. The nature of police work also promotes deviant activities because officers are often offered ______ - they are regularly unsupervised and so think they can get away with it and fed on a diet of illegality may succumb to criminality too.






48. Officers have very broad discretion - yet this subject is _______ taught or sufficiently taught to better aid the officers in making an appropriate decision.






49. Good faith means that when the police act with the honest belief that they are following proper rules. According to the ruling in US v. Leon - when officers have acted in good faith reliance on a warrant - the evidence will not be excluded even if th






50. This occurs where criminal and non-criminal actions are used by an officer in the course of his/her working activities or committed when pretending it is within his/her ___________ police authority. An example is sleeping on the job or a racial slur