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DSST Introduction To Law Enforcement

Subjects : dsst, law-enforcement
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organized law enforcement in Britain can be traced back to 1200 AD when identified law breakers were pursued by a _____ led by the shire reeve or mounted officer.






2. Various studies have shown that these pursuits have between an 18% to 33% chance of resulting in an accident. As a consequence - many departments have a restrictive - discouraging or discretionary _______ regarding high-speed pursuits for officers to






3. There was no __________ form of criminal justice law in those days. Guilt was assumed; the execution carried out and accepted by all as an act of retribution.






4. The nature of police work also promotes deviant activities because officers are often offered ______ - they are regularly unsupervised and so think they can get away with it and fed on a diet of illegality may succumb to criminality too.






5. The first ___ amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. They were created to restrict government actions against the individual.






6. Public concern led to the start of the crackdown and this is viewed as an important police role but it is very difficult to spot the minority of drunk drivers amongst those who are ______.






7. Good faith means that when the police act with the honest belief that they are following proper rules. According to the ruling in US v. Leon - when officers have acted in good faith reliance on a warrant - the evidence will not be excluded even if th






8. Individuals have the right to live in their homes peacefully and not be subjected to unreasonable searches and seizures by virtue of the ___ amendment.






9. The UCR has a hierarchy rule whereby multiple types of incidents can only be recorded as 1 incident. This is a _________ of the system.






10. The _________ Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)is the term coined for this annual study.






11. This is the venue for police training and the value of training has experienced a dramatic _________ in status since its inception.






12. The Defendant was _________ arrested in his office - which consisted of a single room. The search was valid and reasonable given the circumstances of the arrest and small space of the area he was arrested in.






13. When the offender was apprehended by the posse - trials were rarely held and public __________ were held to dispense justice.






14. J Edgar ______ - the Director of the FBI in the 1930s had a critical impact on local policing in setting educational and training models for officers - the development of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the establishment of the FBI crime lab.






15. The professionalization movement started by Vollmer was nurtured by his prot






16. Plea bargains avoid an expensive court trial. Prosecutors may offer and defendants may accept a bargained plea to avoid the uncertainty of a jury trial. In many cases - the Defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge or for a ________ sentenc






17. Upon conviction - the defendant is punished through a sentence passed by the judge and if convicted of more than one crime - then may be subject to a ___________ or concurrent sentence.






18. The Supreme Court created a good faith exception to the exclusionary rule when police officers use search warrants (US v. ____ - 1984).






19. Domestic disturbances may be fuelled by alcohol and drug abuse - financial difficulties or many other reasons that are beyond the ________ of the officers.






20. Since the 1980s - there have been some very public crackdowns on _____ driving but rates of this offence which creep down during the crackdown soon return to the original levels because the publicity forces a temporary change in behavior which is not






21. Their perception of the amount of danger faced in their jobs results in the development of constant __________ of people






22. In this case - the police applied for and obtained a search warrant from a magistrate for the Defendant's homes. Drugs were found there and the Defendant convicted. He appealed on the grounds that the original affidavit drawn up to obtain the search






23. The drawbacks of the administrative rule-making route are that they can never cover every conceivable situation; it may promote lying - avoidance - confusion and a negative ________ from officers.






24. The role of the police academy is to provide formal training - root out ___________ recruits and immerse the trainees in the police subculture.






25. In order to police __________ crimes - officers generally have to resort to undercover work.






26. There are over _____ sheriff's departments in the US.






27. This is due to the dominance of the local political structure by ______ persons. Detroit has had a black mayor since 1973 and the police force is dominated by black persons. Thus - the black community can better relate with their local police






28. Field training consists of practical on-the-job training with a __________ field training officer.






29. The office of coroner is considered a local law enforcement agency because they determine the cause of _____ of victims and perpetrators in criminal cases.






30. Officers are commonly offered bribes to let suspects go or to turn a blind eye to ________ activities.






31. The courts of general jurisdiction utilize a fact-finding foundation known as the ___________ process which pits the State's interest - as represented by the prosecution against the Defendant's - as represented by defense counsel.






32. The CIA has operations officers and recruits ________ agents as part of their intelligence activities and this may involve covert operations.






33. This was the step taken in 1965 to remedy _________ discrimination.






34. Incapacitation refers to the act of confinement so that the offender is restrained from committing the crime again whereas the deterrence has the overall aim of crime __________.






35. Apart from reducing crime - the mission of community policing is to _______ the trend of the negative public perception of the police






36. The exclusionary rule was extended by the US Supreme Court in the case of Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. US (1920) - which held that ______ of illegally seized evidence were inadmissible in court.






37. This has resulted in an under ________________ of blacks - women and ethnic minorities in the police force.






38. Generally - surveys have revealed that ________ people tend to be more dissatisfied with the police than older persons. Some youths seem to believe that the police target them simply because they are young and think that all teenagers are up to no go






39. The evidence had to be plainly in sight and even though the officers may have concluded that some items may have been located behind the ceiling panel; it was not in plain view and hence was ______________ as evidence. Furthermore - the officers are






40. The spoils system refers to firing supporters of the opponent and replacing them with one's own supporters upon ________.






41. Officers must file written _______ in certain circumstances when they exercise their discretion - for example when they fire their weapon and these reports must be reviewed by their superiors.






42. When an appellate court is asked to review a judgment - they may ______ it - require the lower court to set it aside or modify it.






43. A critical function that the police play in society is crime __________ and this role is primarily executed through routine patrolling.






44. In this case - the Defendants were suspected of evading taxes but they refused to hand over their company books. An illegal search and seizure was performed and the books returned soon after - when the Defendant's lawyer objected. At the trial - the






45. A concurrent sentence is one that is served at the __________ as another sentence.






46. The rise of police professionalism and reform was spearheaded by August _______ who served as the chief of police in Berkeley - California from 1905 to 1932.






47. Decentralization means reduced _____________ of rank and file officers who have greater discretion in making decisions.






48. Domestic violence must be distinguished from a domestic ___________ in the sense that in the former a serious crime has been committed and so the officers can exercise their powers of arrest - if they choose to do so although research shows that offi






49. There is usually a degree of competition between detectives and _______ officers. The latter sometimes withhold information in the hope of beating detectives to solving a case.






50. Officers at the academy undergo _________ training and most academies also offer field training.