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DSST Physical Sciences2

Subjects : dsst, science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The electrons emitted from cathode are replaced with what?
A salt and water
Electrons from anode and battery
Mv = mv
[A]^a[B]^b

2. What direction do gravity and bouyancy work? What direction does water pressure work?
Mass number stays the same but the atomic number increases
Vertically; perpendicular to all surfaces
The regular one
The height of the liquid above it ; blood pressure increases because of the force of gravity (P= (density)g(height)

3. Hydrogen has what kind of standard oxidation or reduction potential?
Momentum
Zero
A current; a magnetic field into a curved path; the charge and mass of the incoming particle and can be effectively used to distinguish different species of particles from one another
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals

4. For a given flow rate - the speed of fluid flow is inversely proportional to what?
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows
The path is longer on the inclined plane so it will take object longer to reach the bottom
Their freq is smaller and energy is smaller; when wavelength is smaller freq is larger and higher energy = more dangerous
The Ka or Kb that has an exponent closest to 7 because pKa + pKb = pKw and pKw = 14

5. The Ksp for a substance of AaBb is what?
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
[A]^a[B]^b
In the presence of a base
The blood pressure in the leg is greater because the column between the arm and the leg has a hydrostatic pressure

6. What is one faraday equal to?
3+
Mv = mv
One mole of electric charge
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves

7. At the moment of explosion of an object - what is its momementum? Why? After an explosion what is the total momentum carried by all the fragments?
F = GMm/r^2
The lowest whole number ratio of moles of each element in a mole of a cmpd
1000
Its momentum is zero because velocity is zero; zero because of conservation of momentum

8. So if you are given an equation and it gives you the E^o for both side equations seen in the big equation - what do you do with them?
+/- 1/2
Add them together
(density[p])(volume)
Gravity

9. If something is very toxic to a human - what Ksp value should it have for it to be the safest?
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
The lowest one
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
Gravity

10. Friction is caused by what?
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
-l to +l
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact
F = GMm/r^2

11. When something is falling what is the force acting on it? Thus what would be the work done?

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12. In order to increase the kinetic energy of electrons - they must be what?
Going from solid to gas phase
Accelerated by a higher voltage between the cathode and anode
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
The particle's charge and the magnitude of the electric field

13. How do you find specific gravity of an object?
No - it increases the speed at which the rxn reaches that equilibrium
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water
The number of electrons emitted

14. If the source of sound and the listener are traveling side by side at the same speed - what will the change in freq heard by the listener be?
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
Mag and direction
0 Hz because they are traveling side by side at the same speed
Ability to locate an event in space

15. When you are trying to find the buyoancy force of water on a lead object what density do you use in the equation B = pVg? what volume?
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
Polar
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
Colligative: it depends on the number of solute molecules in a given volume of water

16. What type of acid and base would produce a pH closest to 7?
C: series = 1/C + 1/C = 1/C; parallel = C + C = C R: series: R+R = R; parallel = 1/R + 1/R = 1/R
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals

17. How do the final velocities differ if a sphere is dropped from a distance rather than rolled down an inclined plane?
A salt and water
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
They do not differ

18. The volume of an object is equal to water?
Liquid displaced by that object
Faraday/electrons
The height of the liquid above it ; blood pressure increases because of the force of gravity (P= (density)g(height)
Well F = GmM/R^2 and force = mg so equating those together g = GM/R^2

19. F in the Young's modulus equation can also equal what? What is E?

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20. An oxidation-reduction rxn that occurs spontaneously has what kind of E^o for the cell?
Positron emission
Electrons from anode and battery
Positive
The force along the board to the normal force

21. Why does light travel slower in an optically dense medium than through a vacuum?
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
Yes - if the particle's trail is equidistant between two adjacent anodes
When electron falls from high energy to low energy level
Helium; 4

22. In PV=nRT - if temp increases what will happen to volume?
It will be reduced the voltage produced by the resistor which means IR; E- IR
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant

23. What kind of charge is on Al?
3+
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
Faraday/electrons

24. Acetic acid is a ______ solvent
A function of the total number of molecules; if there is one mol of CO2 for every 2 mol of H20 then H20 is 2/3 the total pressure
In the presence of a base
Polar
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact

25. If the standard potential for a rxn is negative when it is being reduced (thus a negative reduction potential) that means that the resulting atom has what?
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current
The blood pressure in the leg is greater because the column between the arm and the leg has a hydrostatic pressure

26. What is the formula for the power supplied by a battery to accelerate an electron beam?
Total internal reflection
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows
P = IV
7 always!!!

27. A nearsighted person has what type of focal length? Thus what do we do to correct this?
Pascal (N*m^2)
Shorter than it should be so rays from a distant object form in front of retina; use divergent lens
Electrons from anode and battery
The reaction between the base and water

28. What do electrolytic techniques involve?
External components of the circuit
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
It's weight = mg; the work would be the weight times the distance fell

29. A plane mirror produces an image where?
At an equal distance behind it as the object is in front of the mirror
They increase because you hear a lower frequency
H = negative and S = positive
Alkali metals = first column

30. Why is it important that the materials used as scintillators are nearly transparent to the wavelength of light they emit?
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
Helium; 4
Sp^3
W = F(displacement)

31. If you are given density and volume how do you find mass?
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
(density[p])(volume)
Where an event took place

32. Young's modulus is a ________ for a material. What is it's ratio? What would a graph of it look like?
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
400 to 700 nm
The regular one
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant

33. What are the units of an electric field?
The path is longer on the inclined plane so it will take object longer to reach the bottom
V/m or N/C
0 Hz because they are traveling side by side at the same speed
When HIn is turned into In- - which is dependent upon the pKa of the indicator

34. If you have circuit elements in parallel what is the same across them?
Decreasing potential energy
Voltage
It will take longer to melt if the water bath is only at 90 degrees rather than 100 degrees because at 100 degrees the temperature is hotter and thus it will melt faster than at 90 degrees
Going from solid to gas phase

35. The free energy change (G) must be negative when what?
Alkali metals = first column
One that has more solute particles per liter of solution
H = negative and S = positive
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number

36. A pendulum moves under the influence of what?
It can also equal 'mg'; the compressive strength of a substance
Gravity
P = IV
It's weight = mg; h

37. What happens if an atom undergoes positron decay or electron capture?
The volume of the ice cube or whatever it is
7 always!!!
The mass number stays the number but the atomic number decreases by one - usually resulting in another element
-l to +l

38. Is the work done by air resistance - positive or negative?
The force along the board to the normal force
The regular one
Negative
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors

39. What is the equation for a period (T)? What is the equation for angular velocity?
Until all of it has been melted because energy is going into it to melt it not to change temperature during its melting
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r
The force along the board to the normal force

40. The range of pH in which a color change takes place in a titration depends on what?
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
When HIn is turned into In- - which is dependent upon the pKa of the indicator

41. If you have longer wavelengths how is their freq and energy compared to shorter wavelengths?
Half of the exponent
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect
[S][2S]^2 = 4S^3
Their freq is smaller and energy is smaller; when wavelength is smaller freq is larger and higher energy = more dangerous

42. What is the equation for work done?
Constant to overcome the heat of fusion (solid to liquid state)
W = F(displacement)
Red
Mv = mv

43. If the equation says that the E^o has (-) voltage when being reduced - but it is being oxidized in the problem - what does the voltage then become?
Add them together
Energy
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture
(+)

44. Terminal voltage is provided to what?
[A]^a[B]^b
A salt and water
Mg
External components of the circuit

45. A saturated solution of KNO3 means what? If you add salt that has any of these two ions what will happen? What is this called?
H = negative and S = positive
When you have central atom with six ions on it
A current; a magnetic field into a curved path; the charge and mass of the incoming particle and can be effectively used to distinguish different species of particles from one another
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect

46. What is the equation for pressure?
Density (gravitational constant) height
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
The regular one
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces

47. Neither N2 or O2 have a permanent what? What does this mean?
Voltage
A current; a magnetic field into a curved path; the charge and mass of the incoming particle and can be effectively used to distinguish different species of particles from one another
Shorter than it should be so rays from a distant object form in front of retina; use divergent lens
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces

48. What happens to a negatively charged particle put between two parallel plates?
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
0 Hz because they are traveling side by side at the same speed
F =ma and F= qE
Mass number stays the same but the atomic number increases

49. The concentration of OH and H30 ions are approximately equal at what pH?
When all the external forces = zero
Electrons from anode and battery
P = IV
7 always!!!

50. The temperature of a metal will not increase above its melting point until what?
(density[p])(volume)
Until all of it has been melted because energy is going into it to melt it not to change temperature during its melting
-l to +l
It decreases; the work done by the gas in expanding decreases its internal energy