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DSST Physical Sciences2

Subjects : dsst, science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The range of pH in which a color change takes place in a titration depends on what?
Mg
Zero
E = (kq)/r^2
When HIn is turned into In- - which is dependent upon the pKa of the indicator

2. How many mL is in one liter?
When electron falls from high energy to low energy level
1000
B = pVg; density
Constant to overcome the heat of fusion (solid to liquid state)

3. Beta decay is the same as what?
Positron emission
7 always!!!
Polar
-l to +l

4. If the standard potential for a rxn is negative when it is being reduced (thus a negative reduction potential) that means that the resulting atom has what?
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves
Shorter than it should be so rays from a distant object form in front of retina; use divergent lens
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
L = wavelength/2 so L= (wavelength)(2)

5. What is the law of conservation of linear momentum?
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors
You should look for the two substances that appear to be equal in structure - with no structural differences (or as little as possible)
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7
Mv = mv

6. When an element decreases its atomic number by one what is emitted?
Shorter than it should be so rays from a distant object form in front of retina; use divergent lens
The nucleus gains a proton and no neutrons
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture
The element's mass number

7. Why is it important that the materials used as scintillators are nearly transparent to the wavelength of light they emit?
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
They must balance
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7

8. If the equation says that the E^o has (-) voltage when being reduced - but it is being oxidized in the problem - what does the voltage then become?
(+)
P = F(v) = mg(v -terminal)
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water
0 Hz because they are traveling side by side at the same speed

9. An oxidation-reduction rxn that occurs spontaneously has what kind of E^o for the cell?
Positive
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem
An odd number
The height of the liquid above it ; blood pressure increases because of the force of gravity (P= (density)g(height)

10. How should the period of a waveform be calculated?
Colligative; the number of solute particles present
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
Negative
From peak to peak

11. Friction is caused by what?
They must balance
1) Young's Modulus 2) Shear Modulus 3) Bulk Modulus
The Ka or Kb that has an exponent closest to 7 because pKa + pKb = pKw and pKw = 14
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact

12. How do you find length of time something is in flight? How do you find distance it traveled?
Decreasing potential energy
0 Hz because they are traveling side by side at the same speed
T = (2h/g)^1/2; distance = vt
Helium; 4

13. Nuclear masses can be approximated from what?

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14. Beta decay is the emission of what? How do you know what it is the emission of?
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect
Electrons from anode and battery
The force along the board to the normal force
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted

15. How would you find rate of rxn from pH 1 to pH2?
Pascal (N*m^2)
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
Positive
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles

16. Acetic acid is a ______ solvent
Polar
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows
(+)

17. The concentration of OH and H30 ions are approximately equal at what pH?
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
7 always!!!
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r
Mag and direction

18. Kb is the equilibrium constant for what?
The reaction between the base and water
H = negative and S = positive
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio

19. Isotopes have diff number of ______ but same what?
Neutrons; atomic number
The lowest one
Half of the exponent
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7

20. What is the magnitude of the electric field produced by a point charge?
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
Electron shell number
Zero
E = (kq)/r^2

21. What energy conversion describes best what takes place in a battery-powered resistive circuit?
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors
Until all of it has been melted because energy is going into it to melt it not to change temperature during its melting
Polar
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact

22. Why does light travel slower in an optically dense medium than through a vacuum?
Its twice that distance
A salt and water
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
[S][2S]^2 = 4S^3

23. The Ksp for a substance of AaBb is what?
Polar
[A]^a[B]^b
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
The lowest whole number ratio of moles of each element in a mole of a cmpd

24. How do you find wavelength if you known distance from adjacent crests and troughs?
Vertically; perpendicular to all surfaces
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water
Its intensity in the spectrum
Its twice that distance

25. The square root of 10^anything is equal to what?
Colligative; the number of solute particles present
Half of the exponent
Cathode; anode
The regular one

26. What type of acid and base would produce a pH closest to 7?
Zero
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
When you have central atom with six ions on it
[A]^a[B]^b

27. What is the formula for the power supplied by a battery to accelerate an electron beam?
Where an event took place
P = IV
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
The element's mass number

28. A floating ice cube implies that it's weight is balanced by what?
It's weight = mg; h
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
P = F(v) = mg(v -terminal)
[S][2S]^2 = 4S^3

29. If something is very toxic to a human - what Ksp value should it have for it to be the safest?
At an equal distance behind it as the object is in front of the mirror
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
The lowest one
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles

30. In order to guarantee a non-zero spin how many electrons are needed?
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant
In the presence of a base
An odd number
The regular one

31. What is a metathesis rxn?
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
Add them together
[S][2S]^2 = 4S^3
That it is negative

32. What is the spin projection quantum number?
V/m or N/C
Pascal (N*m^2)
Add them together
+/- 1/2

33. Why are bonds between H and another atom shorter compared to most?
H has a small atomic radius
You should look for the two substances that appear to be equal in structure - with no structural differences (or as little as possible)
Decreasing potential energy
Red

34. If any species is gotten rid of when combining two equations of chemical rxns together what can you conclude about those species?
Mg
It decreases; the work done by the gas in expanding decreases its internal energy
Polar
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed

35. What is newton's second law?
The current is the same
A constant force on a mass causes it to have a constant acceleration
Mv = mv
Constant to overcome the heat of fusion (solid to liquid state)

36. What is Avagadro's number regarding ions/mol?
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant
The regular one
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol

37. For a given flow rate - the speed of fluid flow is inversely proportional to what?
They must balance
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows
C: series = 1/C + 1/C = 1/C; parallel = C + C = C R: series: R+R = R; parallel = 1/R + 1/R = 1/R
Its intensity in the spectrum

38. When you are trying to find the buyoancy force of water on a lead object what density do you use in the equation B = pVg? what volume?
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
Its intensity in the spectrum

39. Why would a solution with unfilled orbitals be responsible for turning a solution a certian color?
Mag and direction
In the presence of a base
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
Neutrons; atomic number

40. Charged particles in motion constitute what? Freely moving charges are deflected by what? The curved path depends on what?
A current; a magnetic field into a curved path; the charge and mass of the incoming particle and can be effectively used to distinguish different species of particles from one another
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
[A]^a[B]^b

41. Terminal voltage is provided to what?
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
External components of the circuit
The part where it's straight almost up before it curves to plateau at new pH; it can tell you what indicator you could use to detect the equivalence point

42. If you have a decrease of pressure to which side of the equation is it equilibrium shifted towards? What about if you increase temperature?

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43. In a galvanic and electrolytic cell - reduction of an ion occurs where? Oxidation of an ion occurs where?
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
Cathode; anode
When HIn is turned into In- - which is dependent upon the pKa of the indicator
(+)

44. What is the net result on a nucleus when you absorb a deuturon and emit a neutron?
Half of the exponent
The nucleus gains a proton and no neutrons
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired

45. What kind of metals react violently with water?
Zero
A saturated solution in which the aqueous ions are in equilibrium with the solid
The particle's charge and the magnitude of the electric field
Alkali metals = first column

46. In general what is formed by an acid-base rxn?
Red
A salt and water
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles

47. So if you are given an equation and it gives you the E^o for both side equations seen in the big equation - what do you do with them?
Its momentum is zero because velocity is zero; zero because of conservation of momentum
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
Add them together
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg

48. What kind of geometry is octahedral?
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current
When you have central atom with six ions on it
One mole of electric charge

49. What happens to the atomic number and atomic mass of an element that go under Beta decay or positron emission?
Mass number stays the same but the atomic number increases
It will take longer to melt if the water bath is only at 90 degrees rather than 100 degrees because at 100 degrees the temperature is hotter and thus it will melt faster than at 90 degrees
Faraday/electrons
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed

50. Is the work done by air resistance - positive or negative?
Negative
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7
The particle's charge and the magnitude of the electric field
The nucleus gains a proton and no neutrons