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DSST Physical Sciences2

Subjects : dsst, science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why would a solution with unfilled orbitals be responsible for turning a solution a certian color?
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
Wavelength: (change in y)/(y) = v/c frequency: (change in f)/(f) = -v/c
Constant to overcome the heat of fusion (solid to liquid state)

2. What gas is evolved when copper is placed in a nitric acid (HNO3) solution? This is what type of rxn?
NO; reduction-oxidation
A saturated solution in which the aqueous ions are in equilibrium with the solid
V/m or N/C
[A]^a[B]^b

3. Acetic acid is a ______ solvent
Until all of it has been melted because energy is going into it to melt it not to change temperature during its melting
Decreasing potential energy
It will take longer to melt if the water bath is only at 90 degrees rather than 100 degrees because at 100 degrees the temperature is hotter and thus it will melt faster than at 90 degrees
Polar

4. In a galvanic and electrolytic cell - reduction of an ion occurs where? Oxidation of an ion occurs where?
Cathode; anode
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact
The mass of an acid that yields one mole of H ions or the mass of a base that reacts with one mole of H ions
Its twice that distance

5. As a balloon rises in a tank of water what happens to the temperature inside it? Why would this happen?
P = F(v) = mg(v -terminal)
W = F(displacement)
How strong a base is
It decreases; the work done by the gas in expanding decreases its internal energy

6. What is the spin projection quantum number?
+/- 1/2
The Ka or Kb that has an exponent closest to 7 because pKa + pKb = pKw and pKw = 14
In the presence of a base
The path is longer on the inclined plane so it will take object longer to reach the bottom

7. Why is it important that the materials used as scintillators are nearly transparent to the wavelength of light they emit?
The Ka or Kb that has an exponent closest to 7 because pKa + pKb = pKw and pKw = 14
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
At an equal distance behind it as the object is in front of the mirror
It will take longer to melt if the water bath is only at 90 degrees rather than 100 degrees because at 100 degrees the temperature is hotter and thus it will melt faster than at 90 degrees

8. Beta decay is the same as what?
Add them together
Positron emission
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio

9. An oxidation-reduction rxn that occurs spontaneously has what kind of E^o for the cell?
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact
A function of the total number of molecules; if there is one mol of CO2 for every 2 mol of H20 then H20 is 2/3 the total pressure
Pascal (N*m^2)
Positive

10. What does specific heat of a substance tell you? Thus what does a higher specific heat tell you?
+/- 1/2
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves
How much energy is needed to raise one gram of a substance one degree celcius; it tells that you need more energy to increase temperature
The blood pressure in the leg is greater because the column between the arm and the leg has a hydrostatic pressure

11. What is the angular momentum quantum number (l)? It is the same as what? What does an S orbital appear to look like? What would it's (l) be?
It will be reduced the voltage produced by the resistor which means IR; E- IR
1) Young's Modulus 2) Shear Modulus 3) Bulk Modulus
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
3+

12. Always remember that velocity has ____ and ____
Mag and direction
When electron falls from high energy to low energy level
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current

13. In a rxn - how do you figure out which atom has the highest electron affinity?
Look at the reactants and see which atom is being reduced - since it accepts the electron readily and is reduced we can assume it has the highest electron affinity
F = GMm/r^2
Colligative: it depends on the number of solute molecules in a given volume of water
When all the external forces = zero

14. What is the hybridization of oxygen in water and other oxygens similar to water with two bonds and two lone pairs of electrons?
Constant to overcome the heat of fusion (solid to liquid state)
B = pVg; density
Sp^3
Look at the reactants and see which atom is being reduced - since it accepts the electron readily and is reduced we can assume it has the highest electron affinity

15. Hydrogen has what kind of standard oxidation or reduction potential?
Faraday/electrons
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
It will be reduced the voltage produced by the resistor which means IR; E- IR
Zero

16. If you have a decrease of pressure to which side of the equation is it equilibrium shifted towards? What about if you increase temperature?

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17. In order to guarantee a non-zero spin how many electrons are needed?
A constant force on a mass causes it to have a constant acceleration
The number of electrons emitted
An odd number
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem

18. When is a body in translational equilibrium?
(density[p])(volume)
When all the external forces = zero
+/- 1/2
(+)

19. What are the three separate module for tensile stress - shear stress - and compression/expansion?

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20. The phase difference corresponding to a half wave is what? When do you get destructive interference?
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
Sp^3
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves
Neutrons; atomic number

21. Light can be carried along a distance within a transparent material by means of what?
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
L = wavelength/2 so L= (wavelength)(2)
Total internal reflection

22. If the equation says that the E^o has (-) voltage when being reduced - but it is being oxidized in the problem - what does the voltage then become?
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles
The mass of an acid that yields one mole of H ions or the mass of a base that reacts with one mole of H ions
E = (kq)/r^2
(+)

23. What is the magnetic quantum number?
-l to +l
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant
Accelerated by a higher voltage between the cathode and anode
Its twice that distance

24. What is the formula for the power supplied by a battery to accelerate an electron beam?
At an equal distance behind it as the object is in front of the mirror
P = IV
Sp^3
Electron shell number

25. Considering the answer in the last slide - what kind of a solution would have a lower freezing pt?
+/- 1/2
One that has more solute particles per liter of solution
The particle's charge and the magnitude of the electric field
(density[p])(volume)

26. If both weight and bouyant force are dependent on g - that makes g independent of what?
They must balance
E = (kq)/r^2
The volume of the ice cube or whatever it is
Decreasing potential energy

27. If you have circuit elements in parallel what is the same across them?
F =ma and F= qE
W = F(displacement)
Ability to locate an event in space
Voltage

28. Mechanical waves in a medium fxn to transport what?
That it is negative
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact
Its twice that distance
Energy

29. In general what is formed by an acid-base rxn?
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
Electrons from anode and battery
Force times the distance over which the force acts
A salt and water

30. How many mL is in one liter?
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
1000
Add them together
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect

31. What is newton's second law?
A constant force on a mass causes it to have a constant acceleration
Liquid displaced by that object
Energy
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted

32. What is usually conserved over oscillation periods?
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem
Energy
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio

33. In PV=nRT - if temp increases what will happen to volume?
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant
The volume of the ice cube or whatever it is
When HIn is turned into In- - which is dependent upon the pKa of the indicator
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base

34. What does the empirical formula show?
L = wavelength/2 so L= (wavelength)(2)
A function of the total number of molecules; if there is one mol of CO2 for every 2 mol of H20 then H20 is 2/3 the total pressure
The lowest whole number ratio of moles of each element in a mole of a cmpd
The blood pressure in the leg is greater because the column between the arm and the leg has a hydrostatic pressure

35. What is weight equal to?
Their freq is smaller and energy is smaller; when wavelength is smaller freq is larger and higher energy = more dangerous
Mg
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
When you have central atom with six ions on it

36. So if you have a voltage of 1/4V it will be reduced by what? Thus what will be the equation for the terminal voltage?
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
It will be reduced the voltage produced by the resistor which means IR; E- IR
Momentum
Ability to locate an event in space

37. What is the principal quantum number (n)?
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows
Electron shell number
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
Add them together

38. What energy conversion describes best what takes place in a battery-powered resistive circuit?
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors
7 always!!!
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles
It's weight = mg; the work would be the weight times the distance fell

39. Charged particles in motion constitute what? Freely moving charges are deflected by what? The curved path depends on what?
Energy
A current; a magnetic field into a curved path; the charge and mass of the incoming particle and can be effectively used to distinguish different species of particles from one another
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
External components of the circuit

40. Kb is the equilibrium constant for what?
Sp^3
Voltage
The reaction between the base and water
NO; reduction-oxidation

41. If any species is gotten rid of when combining two equations of chemical rxns together what can you conclude about those species?
Electrons from anode and battery
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed
That it is negative
Shorter than it should be so rays from a distant object form in front of retina; use divergent lens

42. What is conserved in an inellastic collision?
You see how many moles of each are present and the one with the least is limiting; calculate how many grams/moles of a product will be made
Momentum
In the presence of a base
T = (2h/g)^1/2; distance = vt

43. A floating ice cube implies that it's weight is balanced by what?
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves

44. Terminal voltage is provided to what?
External components of the circuit
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact
Mass number stays the same but the atomic number increases
You see how many moles of each are present and the one with the least is limiting; calculate how many grams/moles of a product will be made

45. What kind of geometry is octahedral?
When you have central atom with six ions on it
The path is longer on the inclined plane so it will take object longer to reach the bottom
The current is the same
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium

46. The closer the spacing of the anode wire - the better one can specify what?
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect
It decreases; the work done by the gas in expanding decreases its internal energy
Where an event took place
Energy

47. When you are trying to find the buyoancy force of water on a lead object what density do you use in the equation B = pVg? what volume?
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
P = IV
[A]^a[B]^b
Liquid displaced by that object

48. The electrons emitted from cathode are replaced with what?
The part where it's straight almost up before it curves to plateau at new pH; it can tell you what indicator you could use to detect the equivalence point
When all the external forces = zero
Electrons from anode and battery
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number

49. How do you find the equiv capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel? What about if you are trying to find equivalent resistance?
Zero
The current is the same
C: series = 1/C + 1/C = 1/C; parallel = C + C = C R: series: R+R = R; parallel = 1/R + 1/R = 1/R
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate

50. When does red litmus paper turn blue?
The blood pressure in the leg is greater because the column between the arm and the leg has a hydrostatic pressure
In the presence of a base
-l to +l
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water