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DSST Physical Sciences2

Subjects : dsst, science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The freezing point of an aqueous solution is what kind of property? What does this mean?
Colligative: it depends on the number of solute molecules in a given volume of water
Mag and direction
1) Young's Modulus 2) Shear Modulus 3) Bulk Modulus
At an equal distance behind it as the object is in front of the mirror

2. Does the temperature of a water bath or amount of water in a water bath determines if a substance melts?
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces
They must balance
Only temperature of the water bath
Energy

3. The number of incident photons on the cathode affect what?
Momentum
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
The number of electrons emitted
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current

4. What happens if an atom undergoes positron decay or electron capture?
The mass number stays the number but the atomic number decreases by one - usually resulting in another element
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect
Energy
The mass of an acid that yields one mole of H ions or the mass of a base that reacts with one mole of H ions

5. Kb is the equilibrium constant for what?
NO; reduction-oxidation
Density (gravitational constant) height
The reaction between the base and water
Mv = mv

6. When you are trying to find the buyoancy force of water on a lead object what density do you use in the equation B = pVg? what volume?
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
Accelerated by a higher voltage between the cathode and anode
The lowest one
It's weight = mg; the work would be the weight times the distance fell

7. When does red litmus paper turn blue?
A constant force on a mass causes it to have a constant acceleration
They must balance
In the presence of a base
Its intensity in the spectrum

8. In a galvanic and electrolytic cell - reduction of an ion occurs where? Oxidation of an ion occurs where?
Cathode; anode
L = wavelength/2 so L= (wavelength)(2)
Only temperature of the water bath
A current; a magnetic field into a curved path; the charge and mass of the incoming particle and can be effectively used to distinguish different species of particles from one another

9. Why is it important that the materials used as scintillators are nearly transparent to the wavelength of light they emit?
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
(+)
The lowest whole number ratio of moles of each element in a mole of a cmpd
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)

10. Beta decay is the emission of what? How do you know what it is the emission of?
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted
Negative
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves
Alkali metals = first column

11. What color is above 656 nm?
1000
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors
1) Young's Modulus 2) Shear Modulus 3) Bulk Modulus
Red

12. Thus is Zn (which has positive oxidation potential) reacts with HCl - will any rxn take place?
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture
The regular one
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
Energy

13. What is Avagadro's number regarding ions/mol?
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
The height of the liquid above it ; blood pressure increases because of the force of gravity (P= (density)g(height)
Gravity

14. What if the circuit elements are in series?
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
The current is the same
Pascal (N*m^2)
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact

15. What are the three separate module for tensile stress - shear stress - and compression/expansion?

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16. Light can be carried along a distance within a transparent material by means of what?
Total internal reflection
Positron emission
0 Hz because they are traveling side by side at the same speed
Helium; 4

17. As a balloon rises in a tank of water what happens to the temperature inside it? Why would this happen?
The lowest one
Momentum
It decreases; the work done by the gas in expanding decreases its internal energy
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed

18. When an element decreases its atomic number by one what is emitted?
Ability to locate an event in space
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture
An odd number

19. If temperature arises during a mixture what can you conclude about the enthalpy?
Colligative: it depends on the number of solute molecules in a given volume of water
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant
The height of the liquid above it ; blood pressure increases because of the force of gravity (P= (density)g(height)
That it is negative

20. The range of pH in which a color change takes place in a titration depends on what?
When HIn is turned into In- - which is dependent upon the pKa of the indicator
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
Until all of it has been melted because energy is going into it to melt it not to change temperature during its melting
When all the external forces = zero

21. Acetic acid is a ______ solvent
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
Mag and direction
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
Polar

22. An alpha particle can also be assumed to be what element? What is the mass number of Helium?
Decreasing potential energy
P = F(v) = mg(v -terminal)
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
Helium; 4

23. What gas is evolved when copper is placed in a nitric acid (HNO3) solution? This is what type of rxn?
A saturated solution in which the aqueous ions are in equilibrium with the solid
NO; reduction-oxidation
They increase because you hear a lower frequency
They are directly proportional

24. What is the net result on a nucleus when you absorb a deuturon and emit a neutron?
They increase because you hear a lower frequency
[A]^a[B]^b
The nucleus gains a proton and no neutrons
The current is the same

25. If both weight and bouyant force are dependent on g - that makes g independent of what?
One that has more solute particles per liter of solution
The volume of the ice cube or whatever it is
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture
Wavelength: (change in y)/(y) = v/c frequency: (change in f)/(f) = -v/c

26. What is the equation for pressure?
Zero
H = negative and S = positive
Electron shell number
Density (gravitational constant) height

27. What is the hybridization of oxygen in water and other oxygens similar to water with two bonds and two lone pairs of electrons?
Faraday/electrons
Sp^3
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7
Going from solid to gas phase

28. The concentration of OH and H30 ions are approximately equal at what pH?
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
7 always!!!
[S][2S]^2 = 4S^3
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass

29. A pendulum moves under the influence of what?
When all the external forces = zero
Gravity
(density[p])(volume)
A salt and water

30. When is a body in translational equilibrium?
Faraday/electrons
When all the external forces = zero
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass
[A]^a[B]^b

31. Always remember that velocity has ____ and ____
It decreases; the work done by the gas in expanding decreases its internal energy
The blood pressure in the leg is greater because the column between the arm and the leg has a hydrostatic pressure
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves
Mag and direction

32. A saturated solution of KNO3 means what? If you add salt that has any of these two ions what will happen? What is this called?
P = F(v) = mg(v -terminal)
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect
Force times the distance over which the force acts
Its momentum is zero because velocity is zero; zero because of conservation of momentum

33. What are the units of an electric field?
V/m or N/C
The regular one
Voltage
7 always!!!

34. What is usually conserved over oscillation periods?
They are directly proportional
Energy
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture
Its intensity in the spectrum

35. What is the magnetic quantum number?
-l to +l
You see how many moles of each are present and the one with the least is limiting; calculate how many grams/moles of a product will be made
How much energy is needed to raise one gram of a substance one degree celcius; it tells that you need more energy to increase temperature
When electron falls from high energy to low energy level

36. The total pressure of a solution is what? Give example.
A function of the total number of molecules; if there is one mol of CO2 for every 2 mol of H20 then H20 is 2/3 the total pressure
When all the external forces = zero
Momentum
The lowest one

37. If something is very toxic to a human - what Ksp value should it have for it to be the safest?
It will take longer to melt if the water bath is only at 90 degrees rather than 100 degrees because at 100 degrees the temperature is hotter and thus it will melt faster than at 90 degrees
Accelerated by a higher voltage between the cathode and anode
Mg
The lowest one

38. Why would a solution with unfilled orbitals be responsible for turning a solution a certian color?
The element's mass number
Only temperature of the water bath
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio

39. Equivalent mass is what?
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem
The mass of an acid that yields one mole of H ions or the mass of a base that reacts with one mole of H ions
-l to +l
One that has more solute particles per liter of solution

40. When looking at which combo of acids and bases will result in a solution with pH of 7 what do we look for?
W = F(displacement)
The nucleus gains a proton and no neutrons
The Ka or Kb that has an exponent closest to 7 because pKa + pKb = pKw and pKw = 14
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio

41. At the moment of explosion of an object - what is its momementum? Why? After an explosion what is the total momentum carried by all the fragments?
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
They do not differ
Its momentum is zero because velocity is zero; zero because of conservation of momentum
Until all of it has been melted because energy is going into it to melt it not to change temperature during its melting

42. What kind of charge is on Al?
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
F = GMm/r^2
Their freq is smaller and energy is smaller; when wavelength is smaller freq is larger and higher energy = more dangerous
3+

43. What is one faraday equal to?
It will take longer to melt if the water bath is only at 90 degrees rather than 100 degrees because at 100 degrees the temperature is hotter and thus it will melt faster than at 90 degrees
One mole of electric charge
Sp^3
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact

44. So if you are given an equation and it gives you the E^o for both side equations seen in the big equation - what do you do with them?
Only temperature of the water bath
How strong a base is
Voltage
Add them together

45. Young's modulus is a ________ for a material. What is it's ratio? What would a graph of it look like?
A current; a magnetic field into a curved path; the charge and mass of the incoming particle and can be effectively used to distinguish different species of particles from one another
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant
(+)
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7

46. In PV=nRT - if temp increases what will happen to volume?
You see how many moles of each are present and the one with the least is limiting; calculate how many grams/moles of a product will be made
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows
You should look for the two substances that appear to be equal in structure - with no structural differences (or as little as possible)

47. What does spatial resolution refer to?
They increase because you hear a lower frequency
One that has more solute particles per liter of solution
Its momentum is zero because velocity is zero; zero because of conservation of momentum
Ability to locate an event in space

48. F in the Young's modulus equation can also equal what? What is E?

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49. What is the formula for the power supplied by a battery to accelerate an electron beam?
P = IV
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted
3+
The reaction between the base and water

50. The free energy change (G) must be negative when what?
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
H = negative and S = positive
A saturated solution in which the aqueous ions are in equilibrium with the solid
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water