DSST Physical Sciences2

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the hybridization of oxygen in water and other oxygens similar to water with two bonds and two lone pairs of electrons?
The Ka or Kb that has an exponent closest to 7 because pKa + pKb = pKw and pKw = 14
Momentum
Sp^3
7 always!!!


2. If something is very toxic to a human - what Ksp value should it have for it to be the safest?
P = IV
Its twice that distance
1) Young's Modulus 2) Shear Modulus 3) Bulk Modulus
The lowest one


3. If you have an alcohol with OH on the end and then another cmpd with an O in the middle but no H - what is different between the bonds they can make with water?

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4. What kind of charge is on Al?
A saturated solution in which the aqueous ions are in equilibrium with the solid
3+
How much energy is needed to raise one gram of a substance one degree celcius; it tells that you need more energy to increase temperature
Liquid displaced by that object


5. How do you balance redox rxns?

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6. An oxidation-reduction rxn that occurs spontaneously has what kind of E^o for the cell?
P = IV
Well F = GmM/R^2 and force = mg so equating those together g = GM/R^2
Positive
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio


7. The equivalence pt is what part of the titration curve? Thus looking at the range of change between the pH values along this part of the graph can tell you what?

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8. The concentration of OH and H30 ions are approximately equal at what pH?
7 always!!!
Energy
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
E = (kq)/r^2


9. Kb is the equilibrium constant for what?
The reaction between the base and water
The mass number stays the number but the atomic number decreases by one - usually resulting in another element
They are directly proportional
H has a small atomic radius


10. How would you find rate of rxn from pH 1 to pH2?
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
Add them together
They increase because you hear a lower frequency
Pascal (N*m^2)


11. Nuclear masses can be approximated from what?

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12. The range of pH in which a color change takes place in a titration depends on what?
When HIn is turned into In- - which is dependent upon the pKa of the indicator
Cathode; anode
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11


13. Does the temperature of a water bath or amount of water in a water bath determines if a substance melts?
E = (kq)/r^2
H has a small atomic radius
Only temperature of the water bath
Their freq is smaller and energy is smaller; when wavelength is smaller freq is larger and higher energy = more dangerous


14. What is the doppler equation for wavelength and frequency?
Wavelength: (change in y)/(y) = v/c frequency: (change in f)/(f) = -v/c
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
That it is negative
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water


15. If the standard potential for a rxn is negative when it is being reduced (thus a negative reduction potential) that means that the resulting atom has what?
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
Momentum
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
Helium; 4


16. What is the equation for a period (T)? What is the equation for angular velocity?
Cathode; anode
Electron shell number
Where an event took place
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r


17. What is the equation for pressure?
At an equal distance behind it as the object is in front of the mirror
Toward the side with more gaseous molecules; towards the side that doesn't give off as much heat (remember heat is given off when molecules are formed and thus (-) enthalpy)
Density (gravitational constant) height
Faraday/electrons


18. If you are told to find the maximum number of NiCo3 that can form how do you do that?

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19. If you have circuit elements in parallel what is the same across them?
Voltage
A salt and water
That of static friction; there is a net accelerating force on the block once it starts to slide
B = pVg; density


20. What do electrolytic techniques involve?
Alkali metals = first column
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current
1) Young's Modulus 2) Shear Modulus 3) Bulk Modulus


21. When you are trying to find the buyoancy force of water on a lead object what density do you use in the equation B = pVg? what volume?
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r
One mole of electric charge
You see how many moles of each are present and the one with the least is limiting; calculate how many grams/moles of a product will be made


22. Why would a solution with unfilled orbitals be responsible for turning a solution a certian color?
External components of the circuit
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
Gravity
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture


23. Beta decay is the emission of what? How do you know what it is the emission of?
Vertically; perpendicular to all surfaces
T = (2h/g)^1/2; distance = vt
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted


24. What is the equation for work done?
Going from solid to gas phase
[A]^a[B]^b
W = F(displacement)
The cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows


25. Why does light travel slower in an optically dense medium than through a vacuum?
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass
The blood pressure in the leg is greater because the column between the arm and the leg has a hydrostatic pressure
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces


26. What is one faraday equal to?
One mole of electric charge
The mass of an acid that yields one mole of H ions or the mass of a base that reacts with one mole of H ions
They are directly proportional
The lowest whole number ratio of moles of each element in a mole of a cmpd


27. What energy conversion describes best what takes place in a battery-powered resistive circuit?
They do not differ
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors
You should look for the two substances that appear to be equal in structure - with no structural differences (or as little as possible)


28. What kind of metals react violently with water?
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
Alkali metals = first column
A constant force on a mass causes it to have a constant acceleration
When electron falls from high energy to low energy level


29. What is the angular momentum quantum number (l)? It is the same as what? What does an S orbital appear to look like? What would it's (l) be?
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
The current is the same


30. A floating ice cube implies that it's weight is balanced by what?
+/- 1/2
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg


31. Strength of dispersion force increases with what?
E = (kq)/r^2
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass
Going from solid to gas phase
T = (2h/g)^1/2; distance = vt


32. In order to increase the kinetic energy of electrons - they must be what?
Accelerated by a higher voltage between the cathode and anode
Yes - if the particle's trail is equidistant between two adjacent anodes
It's weight = mg; the work would be the weight times the distance fell
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant


33. Why is it important that the materials used as scintillators are nearly transparent to the wavelength of light they emit?
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
W = F(displacement)
F =ma and F= qE


34. A cmpd with the lowest carbon to oxygen ratio will require how much oxygen for combustion?
Colligative: it depends on the number of solute molecules in a given volume of water
Colligative; the number of solute particles present
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio


35. How many mL is in one liter?
-l to +l
A saturated solution in which the aqueous ions are in equilibrium with the solid
H = negative and S = positive
1000


36. What is the relationship between P and n in PV=nRT?
Electrons from anode and battery
Liquid displaced by that object
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem
They are directly proportional


37. What is the equation for bouyant force? What is p?
Yes - if the particle's trail is equidistant between two adjacent anodes
A function of the total number of molecules; if there is one mol of CO2 for every 2 mol of H20 then H20 is 2/3 the total pressure
Positive
B = pVg; density


38. The electrical force on a particle depends on what?

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39. F in the Young's modulus equation can also equal what? What is E?

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40. What does specific heat of a substance tell you? Thus what does a higher specific heat tell you?
How strong a base is
How much energy is needed to raise one gram of a substance one degree celcius; it tells that you need more energy to increase temperature
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles
One mole of electric charge


41. What is a metathesis rxn?
F = GMm/r^2
When you have central atom with six ions on it
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse


42. The coefficient of kinetic friction is always lower than what? Therefore what?
That of static friction; there is a net accelerating force on the block once it starts to slide
The force along the board to the normal force
L = wavelength/2 so L= (wavelength)(2)
It's weight = mg; h


43. if lead is successively preciptated as PbSO4 - PbI - and PbCO2 - which is less soluble than which? Thus which anions will be precipitated first?
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
Electron shell number
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current
Its momentum is zero because velocity is zero; zero because of conservation of momentum


44. Thus is Zn (which has positive oxidation potential) reacts with HCl - will any rxn take place?
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
Add them together
Well F = GmM/R^2 and force = mg so equating those together g = GM/R^2
Density (gravitational constant) height


45. What is the net result on a nucleus when you absorb a deuturon and emit a neutron?
Sp^3
The nucleus gains a proton and no neutrons
Yes - if the particle's trail is equidistant between two adjacent anodes
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant


46. A nearsighted person has what type of focal length? Thus what do we do to correct this?
Total internal reflection
Where an event took place
That it is negative
Shorter than it should be so rays from a distant object form in front of retina; use divergent lens


47. When something is falling what is the force acting on it? Thus what would be the work done?

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48. The force on an electrical charge is what?
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
The volume of the ice cube or whatever it is
F =ma and F= qE


49. What happens to the atomic number and atomic mass of an element that go under Beta decay or positron emission?
Mass number stays the same but the atomic number increases
Yes - if the particle's trail is equidistant between two adjacent anodes
They increase because you hear a lower frequency
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number


50. What is different between an inclined plane and free fall?
Faraday/electrons
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water
Sp^3
The path is longer on the inclined plane so it will take object longer to reach the bottom