DSST Physical Sciences2

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How would you find rate of rxn from pH 1 to pH2?
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
They do not differ
Colligative: it depends on the number of solute molecules in a given volume of water
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem


2. What type of acid and base would produce a pH closest to 7?
There is the maximum amount of K and NO3 ions; crystals will precipitate out; common-ion effect
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces
Strong acid and strong base/ weak acid and weak base
(+)


3. When you are trying to find the buyoancy force of water on a lead object what density do you use in the equation B = pVg? what volume?
Until all of it has been melted because energy is going into it to melt it not to change temperature during its melting
Mv = mv
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
The density of the water and volume of the lead object


4. In general what is formed by an acid-base rxn?
The mass number stays the number but the atomic number decreases by one - usually resulting in another element
+/- 1/2
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed
A salt and water


5. Beta decay is the same as what?
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
Positron emission
A constant force on a mass causes it to have a constant acceleration
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles


6. What is a metathesis rxn?
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
The height of the liquid above it ; blood pressure increases because of the force of gravity (P= (density)g(height)
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
Zero


7. Isotopes have diff number of ______ but same what?
The element's mass number
[A]^a[B]^b
Neutrons; atomic number
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4


8. Beta decay is the emission of what? How do you know what it is the emission of?
The reaction between the base and water
Mass number stays the same but the atomic number increases
A positron or electron; when atomic number goes up you know an electron has been emitted
Energy


9. Mechanical waves in a medium fxn to transport what?
F =ma and F= qE
The mass of an acid that yields one mole of H ions or the mass of a base that reacts with one mole of H ions
L = wavelength/2 so L= (wavelength)(2)
Energy


10. Strength of dispersion force increases with what?
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass
T = (2h/g)^1/2; distance = vt
You should look for the two substances that appear to be equal in structure - with no structural differences (or as little as possible)
The lowest one


11. What is Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation?
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
Red
F = GMm/r^2
Positron emission


12. What is the angular momentum quantum number (l)? It is the same as what? What does an S orbital appear to look like? What would it's (l) be?
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces
Quantum number that dictates the shape of an orbital; how many angular nodes are present? Spherical shape with no angular nodes thus you have 0 for angular momentum quantum number
No - it increases the speed at which the rxn reaches that equilibrium


13. Why does light travel slower in an optically dense medium than through a vacuum?
That of static friction; there is a net accelerating force on the block once it starts to slide
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
400 to 700 nm
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed


14. When a falling mass is at terminal speed - what is the power expended by the air resistance?
Yes - if the particle's trail is equidistant between two adjacent anodes
P = F(v) = mg(v -terminal)
Alkali metals = first column
Liquid displaced by that object


15. If you are told to find the maximum number of NiCo3 that can form how do you do that?


16. In PV=nRT - if temp increases what will happen to volume?
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
T = 2pi/angular velocity; v/r
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant


17. How do you find the equiv capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel? What about if you are trying to find equivalent resistance?
1000
C: series = 1/C + 1/C = 1/C; parallel = C + C = C R: series: R+R = R; parallel = 1/R + 1/R = 1/R
T = (2h/g)^1/2; distance = vt
How strong a base is


18. If any species is gotten rid of when combining two equations of chemical rxns together what can you conclude about those species?
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse
Yes because ionic zinc has oxidation of (2+) and Zn is easily oxidized so it will displace H and ZnCl2 will be formed
B = pVg; density


19. if lead is successively preciptated as PbSO4 - PbI - and PbCO2 - which is less soluble than which? Thus which anions will be precipitated first?
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
Going from solid to gas phase
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
Look at the reactants and see which atom is being reduced - since it accepts the electron readily and is reduced we can assume it has the highest electron affinity


20. A floating ice cube implies that it's weight is balanced by what?
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg
How much energy is needed to raise one gram of a substance one degree celcius; it tells that you need more energy to increase temperature
From peak to peak


21. What color is above 656 nm?
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
Add them together
Red
The path is longer on the inclined plane so it will take object longer to reach the bottom


22. If you are given a table of substances and are told to find which two show effect of molecular weight on melting point alone - which two substances should you look for?
You should look for the two substances that appear to be equal in structure - with no structural differences (or as little as possible)
C: series = 1/C + 1/C = 1/C; parallel = C + C = C R: series: R+R = R; parallel = 1/R + 1/R = 1/R
3+
F =ma and F= qE


23. Neither N2 or O2 have a permanent what? What does this mean?
E = (kq)/r^2
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
Dipole moment; the attractive forces holding them together in liquid state are London or dispersion forces
Add them together


24. What is the doppler equation for wavelength and frequency?
The density of the water and volume of the lead object
Wavelength: (change in y)/(y) = v/c frequency: (change in f)/(f) = -v/c
Their freq is smaller and energy is smaller; when wavelength is smaller freq is larger and higher energy = more dangerous
Mass per unit volume compared to water: so if mass is 15 g and displaces 5g of benzene the ratio of object to liquid mass is 15/5 = 3 and then times 3 by the specific gravity of benzene which is 0.7


25. If something is very toxic to a human - what Ksp value should it have for it to be the safest?
Attractive molecular forces acting between material surfaces in contact
The lowest one
C: series = 1/C + 1/C = 1/C; parallel = C + C = C R: series: R+R = R; parallel = 1/R + 1/R = 1/R
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current


26. When an element decreases its atomic number by one what is emitted?
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant
Positron because this is known as positron decay/electron capture
180 degrees; when there is half a wave distance in phase between two waves
Battery starts off chemical and creates an electrical current which creates thermal energy in the resistors


27. Terminal voltage is provided to what?
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed
NO; reduction-oxidation
Mv = mv
External components of the circuit


28. The visible spectrum ranges from ____ to _____
From peak to peak
7 always!!!
400 to 700 nm
The nucleus gains a proton and no neutrons


29. If both weight and bouyant force are dependent on g - that makes g independent of what?
Voltage
The volume of the ice cube or whatever it is
Energy
It will increase as well because they are directly related - only if pressure is kept constant


30. Kb is the equilibrium constant for what?
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio
[S][2S]^2 = 4S^3
The reaction between the base and water
(+)


31. The probability of an X-ray emission event at a given wavelength is measured by what?
The force along the board to the normal force
That it is negative
Its intensity in the spectrum
The lowest amt than any of the other cmpds with a higher carbon to oxygen ratio


32. In radioactive decay the atomic number (A) and mass number (Z) must what?
Gravity
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water
They must balance
It minimizes the reabsorption of the light because the light must exit the scintillator to reach the photomultiplier where it is converted to an electrical pulse


33. If you are given density and volume how do you find mass?
That they are catalysts in the rxn because they react with the substrate and are reformed
The particle's charge and the magnitude of the electric field
(density[p])(volume)
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current


34. Pressure in a liquid is proportional to what? So why does this explain why blood pressure is greater in legs?
P = F(v) = mg(v -terminal)
PbCO2 is less soluble than PbI - and PbI less soluble than PbSO4; CO2 - then I - then SO4
The height of the liquid above it ; blood pressure increases because of the force of gravity (P= (density)g(height)
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem


35. The force on an electrical charge is what?
You see how many moles of each are present and the one with the least is limiting; calculate how many grams/moles of a product will be made
Add them together
F =ma and F= qE
1) Young's Modulus 2) Shear Modulus 3) Bulk Modulus


36. What is sublimation?
The reaction between the base and water
Find how many mol of Ni is available and CO3 available and see which one has lowest number and that's how many moles
Going from solid to gas phase
(density[p])(volume)


37. How do you balance redox rxns?


38. What gas is evolved when copper is placed in a nitric acid (HNO3) solution? This is what type of rxn?
NO; reduction-oxidation
Its intensity in the spectrum
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
The cmpd without the O cannot donate H's like alcohol can to form H bonds with water


39. In a rxn - how do you figure out which atom has the highest electron affinity?
It is a rxn where you mix aqueous solutions of cations and anions and the ionic cmpds switch the ions with which they were paired
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
Look at the reactants and see which atom is being reduced - since it accepts the electron readily and is reduced we can assume it has the highest electron affinity
Going from solid to gas phase


40. Always remember that velocity has ____ and ____
External components of the circuit
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
Energy
Mag and direction


41. The number of incident photons on the cathode affect what?
Accelerated by a higher voltage between the cathode and anode
F =ma and F= qE
It will take longer to melt if the water bath is only at 90 degrees rather than 100 degrees because at 100 degrees the temperature is hotter and thus it will melt faster than at 90 degrees
The number of electrons emitted


42. What does spatial resolution refer to?
Ability to locate an event in space
They do not differ
Light is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium
Red


43. If you have circuit elements in parallel what is the same across them?
It has a positive oxidation potential so it is easily oxidized
How much energy is needed to raise one gram of a substance one degree celcius; it tells that you need more energy to increase temperature
Voltage
It experiences a constant electric force of qE and will thus accelerate towards the positive plate


44. How do you find wavelength if you known distance from adjacent crests and troughs?
Constant; stress/strain = (F/A)/ (change in L/L) = straight line withe positive slope that stays constant
Its twice that distance
Electrons from anode and battery
Positive


45. How do you find length of time something is in flight? How do you find distance it traveled?
T = (2h/g)^1/2; distance = vt
You look at what is being oxidized and reduced in the problem
3+
The buoyant force on it; W = mg = pVg


46. What kind of charge is on Al?
An odd number
3+
7 always!!!
W = F(displacement)


47. The free energy change (G) must be negative when what?
H = negative and S = positive
External components of the circuit
The Ka or Kb that has an exponent closest to 7 because pKa + pKb = pKw and pKw = 14
No - it increases the speed at which the rxn reaches that equilibrium


48. What do electrolytic techniques involve?
6.02 x 10^23 ions/mol
Ease of polarizability of the molecule and thus increasing molecular weight of mass
Isolating an atom from minerals by decomposing the minerals with an electric current
L = wavelength/2 so L= (wavelength)(2)


49. So if you have a voltage of 1/4V it will be reduced by what? Thus what will be the equation for the terminal voltage?
You look at how many electrons are needed to reduce one cmpd and that number will be put in front of that cmpd and you do the same thing that's oxidized as well: review #38 on test #11
Look at how many times smaller the H concentration becomes with relation to rate law: if rate law says [H] is second order: ((10^-2)^2/(10^-1)^2 = 10^-2 and then times that answer by the original rate
It will be reduced the voltage produced by the resistor which means IR; E- IR
F = GMm/r^2


50. The square root of 10^anything is equal to what?
Decreasing potential energy
Half of the exponent
It can absorb light that lets other electrons fill those orbitals
The regular one