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Test your basic knowledge |
Earth Science
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Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a well-defined chemical composition and in which atoms are arranged in an ordered fashion.
mineral
sedimentary rock
magma
lahar
2. Refers to rock or sediments made up primarily of broken fragments of pre-existing rocks or minerals.
clastic
pahoehoe
silicate
sinkhole
3. A river that is able to maintain its flow through a desert because of water received from outside the desert.
conduction
fetch
Precambrian
exotic river
4. A seismic body wave that involves particle motion & alternating compression and expansion & in the direction of wave propagation. It is the fastest seismic wave. compare S-wave .
p- wave (primary wave & compressional wave)
reservoir rock
Prime Meridian
hemisphere
5. The line formed by the intersection of the axial plane of a fold with a bedding plane & marking where the bed shows its maximum curvature.
magnetic pole
nautical mile
axis
Uranus
6. The straightening and/or deepening of a river channel.
channelization
dust devil
crevasse
ice shelf
7. An instrument used to measure the speed of wind.
chemical sediment
nautical mile
inertia
anemometer
8. The portion of the continental margin that lies between the abyssal plain and the continental slope. The continental rise is underlain by crustal rocks of the ocean basin.
magnetic polarity
fringing reef
casts
continental rise
9. The attractive force between two objects; its magnitude depends on their masses and the distance between them.
legend
gravity
tide
plutonic
10. An instrument that detects & magnifies & and records vibrations of the Earth & especially earthquakes.
seismograph
dust bowl
terrestrial
continental shelf
11. A plate boundary in which plates on opposite sides of the boundary move past each other in opposite directions. The San Andreas fault of California is a good example.
Saturn
axis
transform boundary
chemical sediment
12. A type of thermal spring which ejects water intermittently with considerable force.
geyser
stormwater runoff
asteroid
delta
13. A segment of an active fault zone that has not experienced a major earthquake during a time period when most other segments of the zone have. They are generally regarded as having a higher potential for future earthquakes.
eclipse
Pillow Lava
seismic gap
stratovolcano (composite volcano)
14. The sudden fall of one or more large pieces of a rock from a cliff.
rockfall
continent
seafloor spreading
dust storm
15. Water beneath the Earth's surface.
ground water
continental slope
escarpment
tidal inlet
16. A planetary satellite.
compaction
strip mining
archaean
moon
17. Distance over which wave-forming winds blow.
beach
satellite
observator
fetch
18. A minor tremor that precedes an earthquake. An increase in seismicity may signal that a major release of strain energy is about to occur.
axis
foreshock
biogenic sediment
Precambrian
19. A portable time keeper with a mechanism for ensuring accuracy and adjusting itself & used for determining longitude at sea.
oal
elevation
zone of saturation
marine Chronometer
20. A large volume of dust-sized particles lifted high into the atmosphere.
marine Chronometer
lava
dust storm
neptune
21. Sediment formed by chemical precipitation from water. Example: halite precipitated as the result of the evaporation of sea water.
lithosphere
salinity
Mars
chemical sediment
22. A volcanic mountain on the seafloor. If flat-topped & it is a guyot.
geologic time scale
seamount
humid
deflation
23. 1. A low & bowl-shaped area of land surrounded by higher lands. 2. any large depression in which sediments are deposited.
ground water
fold
transcontinental
basin
24. Glacial drift composed of rock fragments that range from clay to boulder size and randomly arranged without bedding.
barrier reef
till (unstratified drift)
wave crest
Pangea
25. The area immediately below the ground surface within which pore spaces are partially filled with water and partially filled with air.
pahoehoe
foreshock
outcrop
zone of aeration
26. The rigid outer shell of the Earth. It includes the crust and uppermost mantle and is on the order of 100 km in thickness.
lithosphere
storm surge
streak
Richter scale
27. A giant structure that contains hundreds of billions of stars.
intrusive
Prime Meridian
viscosity
galaxy
28. Extending across a continent.
erratic
swells
atmosphere
transcontinental
29. Soil conditions prevailing in area whose mean annual temperature is 0o C.
nova -- (Supernova)
sinkhole
vesicle
permafrost
30. A mass of ice & formed by the recrystallization of snow & that flows forward & or has flowed at some time in the past.
foliated
acid
glacier
drainage basin
31. A layer of sedimentary rock; plural is strata.
stratum
eustatic change in sea level
wind farm
Hale-Bopp
32. The environment where a particular plant or animal is normally found.
Andromeda
pH
body wave
habitat
33. A lake of lava & usually basaltic & in a volcanic caldera.
satellite
lava lake
flood
tide
34. Pertaining to clastic material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent.
lava flood (plateau basalt)
pyroclastic
sediment
rock
35. A commonly used measure of earthquake magnitude & based on a logarithmic scale. Each integral step on the scale represents a tenfold increase in the extent of ground shaking & as recorded on a seismograph.
cleavage
divergent boundary
legend
Richter scale
36. The two days of the year on which the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5
fetch
solstice
sediment
equinox
37. The rise and fall of sea level caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon on the Earth.
solstice
fjord
tide
convection
38. He area from which a stream and its tributaries receives its water.
cartographer
drainage basin
water table
karst
39. A guide to reading a map that typically contains distance scales & arrows indicating direction & and/or explanations of symbols used.
plutonic
legend
renewable resources
rapids
40. An era of geologic time lasting from 570 to 245 million years ago.
transform boundary
Paleozoic
wave length
Continntal Drift Theory
41. A blanket of wind-driven sand with an upper surface about a meter above ground level.
ore
sandstorm
Modified Mercalli Scale
luster
42. A ridge of high water associated with a hurricane and which floods over the shore .
nebula
storm surge
atmosphere
Gondwana
43. An isolated & steep-sided & rocky mass or island just offshore from a rocky headland & usually on a shore platform.
neptune
seastack
Mesozoic
current speed
44. A building that contains one or more telescopes.
observator
neptune
jetty
biogenic sediment
45. The line formed by the intersection of the axial plane of a fold with a bedding plane & marking where the bed shows its maximum curvature.
axis
crevasse
boundary
you-shaped valley
46. A spring whose temperature is 6.5o C or more above mean annual air temperature.
suspended load
focus
thermal spring
shield volcano
47. A person who makes maps.
oceanic trench
cartographer
transform boundary
spring
48. A spring whose temperature is 6.5o C or more above mean annual air temperature.
inertia
absolute time
thermal spring
moon
49. A hydrocarbon (coal or petroleum) that can be extracted from the Earth for use as a fuel. Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources.
wind farm
Mercury
fossil fuel
nebula
50. Shapes & like mountains or hills that make up the Earth's surface.
isthmus
landforms
Proxima Centauri
flood
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