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Test your basic knowledge |
Earth Science
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The initial point within the Earth that ruptures in an earthquake & directly below the epicenter. The point within the Earth which is the center of an earthquake & at which strain energy is first released and converted to elastic wave energy.
epicenter
focus
fetch
trench
2. Geologic time expressed in years before the present.
geology
absolute time
oal
El Nino
3. Igneous. Antonym of intrusive. Synonym of volcanic. Pertaining to igneous rocks or features formed from lava released on the Earth's surface.
drift
thrust fault
extrusive
orogeny
4. Living on land.
quarrying
terrestrial
fossil
fetch
5. The Earth's crust underlying the ocean basins which is formed at mid-oceanic ridges. It is typically 5 to 10 kilometers thick composed of basalt.
oceanic crust
pothole
Copernicus & Nicholas
oxbow lake
6. The process of mountain building.
greenhouse gases
moon
marine Chronometer
orogeny
7. A supercontinent that existed from the Jurassic to Early Tertiary after splitting from Pangea; composed of Laurentia & Baltica & Avalonia & (modern North America & Scandinavia & Greenland & Western and Central Europe); eventually fragmented into Eur
constellation
moon
hardness
Laurasia
8. A famous scientist who proposed that the Sun was the center of the solar system not the Earth. (Heliocentrism)
black hole
Copernicus & Nicholas
column
hemisphere
9. Produced as a wave steepens and falls forward as the wave nears the shore.
black smoker
surf
reserves
trench
10. Materials that are found in nature that are useful or necessary for people to live.
eon
legend
loess
natural resources
11. An area in which a large number of windmills have been erected to generate electrical power.
breakwater
wind farm
elevation
aa
12. Mercury is named after the Roman messenger of the gods. It is the closest to the Sun.
Mercury
oceanic crust
caldera
icecap
13. Applies to igneous rocks that cool on the surface of the Earth & including beneath water; typically with small crystals due to the rapidity of cooling. Synonym of extrusive. Antonym of plutonic.
volcanic
density
deflation
scientific model
14. A giant structure that contains hundreds of billions of stars.
galaxy
oceanic trench
rapids
thrust fault
15. The closest galaxy to the Milky way. It is approximately 2 million light-years away.
Andromeda
base
fault
Saturn
16. The condition of equilibrium & comparable to floating & of units of the lithosphere above the asthenosphere.
erosion
cave
chalk
isostasy
17. A measure of the size of an earthquake in terms of the damage it causes.
intensity
seafloor spreading
ice sheet
compaction
18. A low & nearly flat accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river or stream & commonly triangular or fan-shaped.
light-year
epicenter
delta
period
19. The theory that states that the present-day continents are the fragmented pieces of preexisting larger landmasses called supercontinents.
fossil
Continntal Drift Theory
subtropical deserts
tell
20. The dust-sized & sharp-edged & glassy particles resulting from an explosive volcanic eruption.
archaean
lava lake
volcanic ash
flood
21. A vent on the seafloor from which hydrothermal fluids are emitted. Upon mixing with seawater and cooling & the fluids precipitate a cloud of fine-grained sulfide minerals that resembles a cloud of black smoke.
fold
nautical mile
plain
black smoker
22. Containing moisture.
oceanic trench
smelting
humid
flood
23. The theory that states that the present-day continents are the fragmented pieces of preexisting larger landmasses called supercontinents.
magma
petroleum
Continntal Drift Theory
luster
24. Jupiter is named after the Roman king of the gods. It is the fifth planet from the Sun.
fossil fuel
Jupiter
humid
pH
25. A rock that has crystallized from a molten state.
lahar
geyser
Pelean eruption
igneous rock
26. The process by which a binding & or cementing & agent is precipitated in spaces among individual particles of a deposit. Common cementing agents are calcite & quartz & and dolomite.
specific gravity
dust storm
rockslide (rock avalanche)
cementation
27. The zone below the zone of aeration in which all pore spaces are filled with water.
zone of saturation
loess
plain
ozone layer
28. A narrow strip of land along the margin of the ocean extending inland for a variable distance from low water mark.
hardness
coast
El Nino
erosion
29. Materials that are found in nature that are useful or necessary for people to live.
superposition
natural resources
Hale-Bopp
Paleozoic
30. A process of land degradation initiated by human activity & particularly in the zones along the margins of deserts.
levees
scale
atmosphere
desertification
31. Imaginary lines on a map or globe that measure distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. Longitude lines extend vertically & from pole to pole on a globe.
longitude
pH
orogeny
permafrost
32. Containing moisture.
thrust fault
constellation
nonfoliated
humid
33. Sediments produced directly by the life processes of plants or animals.
pothole
deflation
lithification
biogenic sediment
34. An abandoned meander .
Continntal Drift Theory
oxbow
fjord
archipelago
35. A wall built out from the shore & usually at perpendicular to it to trap sand carried by longshore currents .
snow line
fracture
groin
biogenic sediment
36. A mound or ridge of sediment deposited by a glacier.
region
moraine
steppe
casts
37. A minor tremor that precedes an earthquake. An increase in seismicity may signal that a major release of strain energy is about to occur.
particulate air pollution
foreshock
suspended load
pipe
38. A cyclical pattern of movement in a fluid body such as the ocean & the atmosphere & or the Earth's mantle & driven by density variations which in turn are the result of differences in temperature from one part of the fluid to another.
convection cell
Pluto
casts
jetty
39. A disease-causing organism or entity & such as a bacterium or virus.
isostatic change in sea level
pathogen
current speed
magnetic pole
40. An eruption of lava that takes place from a fracture & usually without producing a cone.
fissure eruption
peat
luster
fjord
41. Pertaining to or composed of granite & a coarse-grained igneous rock dominated by light-colored minerals & consisting of about 50 percent orthoclase & 25 percent quartz & and balance of feldspars and ferromagnesian silicates. Granite is commonly foun
suspended load
solstice
granitic
particulate air pollution
42. Scratches & or small channels & gouged by glacier action. Occur on boulders & pebbles & and bedrock. Striations along bedrock indicate direction of ice movement.
viscosity
zone of leaching
boundary
striations
43. An astronomical instrument for measuring angles & primarily altitude of celestial bodies to determine latitude.
oxbow
sextant
swells
black smoker
44. A division of geologic time next smaller than the eon and larger than a period. Example: The Paleozoic era is in the Phanerozoic eon and includes & among others & the Devonian period.
era
Saturn
groin
wave trough
45. The great circle on the Earth's surface passing through The North and South Poles & which is considered 0 degrees longitude. The prime meridian passes through Greenwich & England & and is used as a reference point for measuring longitude east and w
groove
Prime Meridian
ozone depletion
reservoir rock
46. The resistance of a mineral to scratching & as measured by the Mohs scale.
hardness
boundary
wave trough
intrusive
47. The rigid outer shell of the Earth. It includes the crust and uppermost mantle and is on the order of 100 km in thickness.
lithosphere
zone of leaching
siltation
Pillow Lava
48. A large volume of dust-sized particles lifted high into the atmosphere.
karst
dust storm
basalt
arch
49. An artificial hill formed by the debris of successive human settlements.
base
moon
column
tell
50. The straightening and/or deepening of a river channel.
flash flood
cave
channelization
zone of saturation