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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A soft compact calcite & CaCO3 & with varying amounts of silica & quartz & feldspar & or other mineral impurities & generally gray-white or yellow-white and derived chiefly from fossil seashells.






2. An eon of geologic time extending from about 3.9 billion years to 2.5 billion years ago.






3. A measure of the size of an earthquake in terms of the damage it causes.






4. To change back and forth uncertainly.






5. The naturally occurring material from which a mineral or minerals of economic value can be extracted at a profit.






6. Fossils formed when water containing minerals leaks into a mold. The minerals harden to form a copy of the original structure or organism.






7. A substance that produces positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.






8. Distance over which wave-forming winds blow.






9. A measure of acidity.






10. Jupiter is named after the Roman king of the gods. It is the fifth planet from the Sun.






11. A commonly used scale of earthquake intensity.






12. The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.






13. The environment where a particular plant or animal is normally found.






14. Any object that revolves around another object in space.






15. The very slow & generally continuous downslope movement of soil and debris under the influence of gravity.






16. No identifiable layers of minerals in a rock sample






17. A protective wall built offshore and usually parallel to the shore.






18. (Latin- Terra & Greek- Gaia) Earth is named after the ancient Germanic Goddess of the soil. It is the third planet from the Sun.






19. A method of sediment transport in which the turbulence of a fluid is able to keep particles supported in the fluid.






20. The galaxy where Earth is located.






21. An informal term to include all geologic time from the beginning of the Earth to the beginning of the Cambrian period 570 million years ago.






22. The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.






23. A wall built out from the shore & usually at perpendicular to it to trap sand carried by longshore currents .






24. A large area with common features that set it apart from other areas.






25. The rock beneath the soil.






26. The rise and fall of sea level caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon on the Earth.






27. The pattern of water circulation from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean.






28. An era of time during the Phanerozoic eon lasting from 245 million years ago to 66.4 million ago.






29. A natural depression in the surface of the land caused by the collapse of the roof of a cavern or subterranean passage & generally occurring in limestone regions.






30. The color of a mineral in its powdered form obtained from scraping a sample on a ceramic plate






31. Ratio between weight of given volume of material and weight of equal volume of pure water.






32. (Latin- Sol & Greek- Helios)the closest star to Earth. It is a giant ball of gas without any solid surface.






33. The reflection of light on a given mineral's surface & classified by intensity and quality.






34. A valley caused by extension of the Earth's crust. Its floor forms as a portion of the crust moves downward along normal faults.






35. Living parts of the environment that can renew or replace themselves.






36. A Hawaiian term for a lava flow that has a rough & jagged surface.






37. A steep-sided rounded extrusion of highly viscous lava squeezed out from a volcano and forming a dome-shaped or bulbous mass above and around the volcanic vent. The structure generally develops inside a volcanic crater.






38. A rigid segment of the Earth's lithosphere that moves horizontally and adjoins other plates along zones of seismic activity. Plates may include portions of both continents and ocean basins.






39. A narrow & elongate region in which one lithospheric plate descends relative to another.






40. Distance over which wave-forming winds blow.






41. A vent in the surface of the Earth & from which lava & ash & and gases erupt.






42. The breaking away of ice from the front of the glacier when it ends in a lake or an ocean. Produces icebergs.






43. The process by which building stone & usually in blocks or sheets & is extracted from the Earth. radiation -- (Electromagnetic radiation) -- energy that travels through space in the form of waves without the intervention of matter & as in the transp






44. Gases (primarily water and carbon dioxide & but also a variety of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and gaseous hydrocarbons) that trap the Sun's heat in the atmosphere.






45. Flat land covered with tall grass and wildflowers.






46. A natural open space underground & large enough for a person to enter. Most commonly occur by the dissolution of soluble rocks & generally limestone.






47. A device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.






48. A process of erosion in which wind carries off particles of dust and sand.






49. A substance that produces positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.






50. A volcano that is composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material & along with abundant dikes and sills. Viscous & intermediate lava may flow from a central vent. Example: Mt. Fuji in Japan.







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