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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The principle that states the processes operating to change the Earth in the present also operated in the past.






2. A general term for a relatively hard layer of soil at or just below the ground surface & cemented by silica & iron oxide & calcium carbonate & or organic matter.






3. A substance that produces positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.






4. Temporary accumulations of sediments that collect between low and high water marks.






5. The rigid outer shell of the Earth. It includes the crust and uppermost mantle and is on the order of 100 km in thickness.






6. A hot & gaseous & self-luminous celestial body & as the Sun.






7. Large area of extremely flat ocean floor lying near a continent and generally over 4 km in depth.






8. The southern portion of the late Paleozoic supercontinent known as Pangea. It means & literally 'Land of the Gonds' (a people of the Indian subcontinent).The supercontinent existed from Cambrian to Jurassic time & mainly composed of South America &






9. A flood that rises and falls very rapidly.






10. Any form of water & such as rain & sleet & or snow & that falls to Earth's surface.






11. A natural depression in the surface of the land caused by the collapse of the roof of a cavern or subterranean passage & generally occurring in limestone regions.






12. Open pit mining & typically for coal.






13. A slide involving a downward and usually sudden movement of newly detached segments of bedrock sliding or slipping over an inclined surface of weakness such as a bedding plane & fault plane & or joint surface.






14. A group of islands; an expanse of water with scattered islands.






15. The sum of the processes that result in the wearing away or the progressive lowering of the Earth's surface by weathering & erosion & mass wasting & and transportation.






16. The mass of an object divided by its volume.






17. The generally dark & more or less stable part of the organic matter in a soil & so well decomposed that the original sources cannot be identified.






18. The process of mountain building.






19. The dust-sized & sharp-edged & glassy particles resulting from an explosive volcanic eruption.






20. A large amount of gas and dust in space & spread out in an immense volume.






21. 1. Breach in a natural levee . 2. Deep crevice or open fracture in glacier ice.






22. A substance that produces negatively charged hydroxide ions ( OH- ) in water and reacts with acids to form salts.






23. A measure of acidity.






24. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.






25. Similar to a groin but built to keep sand out of a harbor entrance.






26. A low & nearly flat accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river or stream & commonly triangular or fan-shaped.






27. The processes (mechanical and chemical) responsible for the wearing away & loosening & and dissolving of materials of the Earth's crust.






28. The perpendicular or very steep descent of a stream.






29. Any accumulation of material & by settling from water or air & chemical precipitation & evaporation from solution & etc.






30. A general term for a relatively hard layer of soil at or just below the ground surface & cemented by silica & iron oxide & calcium carbonate & or organic matter.






31. A unit of length used in sea navigation based on the length of 1 minute of arc on a great circle. On Earth & 1 minute of latitude.






32. To change back and forth uncertainly.






33. A worldwide change in sea level & such as caused by melting glaciers.






34. The point on the Earth's surface where a magnetic needle points vertically downward (north magnetic pole) or vertically upward (south magnetic pole).






35. The naturally occurring material from which a mineral or minerals of economic value can be extracted at a profit.






36. Heat transport by direct transfer of energy from one particle to another & without moving the particle to a new location.






37. A mudflow composed chiefly of pyroclastic material on the flanks of a volcano.






38. The partial or complete blocking from view of one object by another.






39. A narrow & steep-walled depression in the ocean floor & much deeper than the adjacent ocean and associated with a subduction zone.






40. Imaginary lines on a map or globe that measure distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. Longitude lines extend vertically & from pole to pole on a globe.






41. The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake.






42. A volcano that is composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material & along with abundant dikes and sills. Viscous & intermediate lava may flow from a central vent. Example: Mt. Fuji in Japan.






43. A time of unusual winds and currents in the Pacific Ocean . El Nino generally causes warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures and increased rainfall and storm activity.






44. The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.






45. The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.






46. Deserts formed by blocking moisture-bearing winds with mountain barriers.






47. Lies half way between the north and south magnetic poles.






48. The color of a mineral in its powdered form obtained from scraping a sample on a ceramic plate






49. Turbulent stream water flow down a steep gradient & but not as steep as in a waterfall.






50. The low spot between two successive waves.







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