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Test your basic knowledge |
Earth Science
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Study First
Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any solid material that has settled out of a state of suspension in liquid.
nutrient
mesosphere
sediment
metamorphic rock
2. A large ridge or mound-like structure within a body of water that is built by calcareous organisms such as corals & red algae & and bivalves.
seastack
Sun
reef
subduction
3. Pertaining to clastic material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent.
discharge
atoll
body wave
pyroclastic
4. A low & nearly flat accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river or stream & commonly triangular or fan-shaped.
fissure eruption
ozone layer
nutrient
delta
5. A soft compact calcite & CaCO3 & with varying amounts of silica & quartz & feldspar & or other mineral impurities & generally gray-white or yellow-white and derived chiefly from fossil seashells.
current speed
barrier beaches
chalk
chlorophyll
6. The process by which an unconsolidated deposit of sediments is converted in to solid rock.
sinkhole
lithification
jetty
convection cell
7. A volcanic mountain on the seafloor. If flat-topped & it is a guyot.
seamount
seismic gap
salinity
breakwater
8. The dust-sized & sharp-edged & glassy particles resulting from an explosive volcanic eruption.
constellation
striations
seismograph
volcanic ash
9. A minor tremor that precedes an earthquake. An increase in seismicity may signal that a major release of strain energy is about to occur.
seismic sea wave (tsunami)
foreshock
moraine
fetch
10. A process by which salts accumulate in soil.
spring
aftershock
you-shaped valley
salinization
11. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.
karst
rockslide (rock avalanche)
basalt
lava flood (plateau basalt)
12. The precipitation that runs directly off the surface to stream or body of standing water.
crevasse
oxbow
runoff
Andromeda
13. Deep steep-sided depression in the ocean floor caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath either other oceanic crust or continental crust.
hardness
conserve
magma
oceanic trench
14. A portable time keeper with a mechanism for ensuring accuracy and adjusting itself & used for determining longitude at sea.
solar system
humid
marine Chronometer
density
15. A hole or basin cut into bedrock of a stream by the abrasive action of pebbles and sand swirled by turbulent stream flow.
outcrop
steppe
aquatic
pothole
16. A thick layer of soil.
Precambrian
sod
desertification
pothole
17. The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.
equinox
ablation
hemisphere
period
18. The surface between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration.
crevasse
water table
dust devil
barrier reef
19. A mass of ice & formed by the recrystallization of snow & that flows forward & or has flowed at some time in the past.
fold
groundtruthing
glacier
specific gravity
20. Occurs at the intersection of the water table with the ground surface.
nutrient
chemical sediment
asthenosphere
spring
21. A ridge of high water associated with a hurricane and which floods over the shore .
storm surge
trench
calving
snow line
22. Deposition of fine mineral particles (silt) on the beds of streams or lakes.
absolute time
levees
atlas
siltation
23. A substance that produces negatively charged hydroxide ions ( OH- ) in water and reacts with acids to form salts.
moraine
sediment
galaxy
base
24. Long narrow beaches separated in many places from the mainland by lagoons.
barrier beaches
wind farm
shoreline
smelting
25. A major drainage divide separating the drainage to one ocean from another.
continental divide
seismograph
aftershock
black smoker
26. A Hawaiian term for a lava flow that has a rough & jagged surface.
vesicle
aa
pothole
stalactite
27. A seismic body wave that involves particle motion from side to side & perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. S-waves are slower than P-waves and cannot travel through a liquid.
mesosphere
snow line
s- wave (secondary wave & shear wave)
shield volcano
28. A cyclical pattern of movement in a fluid body such as the ocean & the atmosphere & or the Earth's mantle & driven by density variations which in turn are the result of differences in temperature from one part of the fluid to another.
climate
fjord
Laurasia
convection cell
29. The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.
glaciation
conduction
Uranus
black hole
30. One of several rock-forming minerals that contain at least 95% silica (quartz). and usually one or more other common elements.
silicate
El Nino
seastack
habitat
31. The area immediately below the ground surface within which pore spaces are partially filled with water and partially filled with air.
deposition
watershed
zone of aeration
El Nino
32. Banks of sand and silt along stream bank built by deposition in small increments during successive floods.
gravity
sextant
stratification
levees
33. A waste material that contaminates air & water & or soil.
groin
pollutant
cleavage
liquefaction
34. Lava extruded beneath water characterized by pillow shapes.
continental rise
basalt
chemical sediment
Pillow Lava
35. A general term including both oil and natural gas.
salinity
crevasse
cone of depression
petroleum
36. The formation & advance and retreat of glaciers and the results of these activities.
magnetic pole
glaciation
lahar
ozone layer
37. A permeable region of rock or soil through which ground water can move.
volcanic ash
transcontinental
stalactite
aquifer
38. Jupiter is named after the Roman king of the gods. It is the fifth planet from the Sun.
cementation
absolute time
Jupiter
water clarity
39. A process of erosion in which wind carries off particles of dust and sand.
fold
tidal inlet
deflation
urban
40. The area bordering a stream over which water spreads when the stream tops its channel banks.
glaciation
basin
floodplain
abyssal plain
41. An accumulation of wind driven sand into a distinctive shape.
pollutant
universe
sand dune
plate tectonics
42. Deserts formed by blocking moisture-bearing winds with mountain barriers.
rain shadow deserts
gemstone
divergent boundary
groove
43. A measure of acidity.
spring
swash and back wash
pH
creep
44. A measure of the strength of an earthquake based on the amount of movement recorded by a seismograph . compare Richter scale.
mantle
magnitude
arch
icecap
45. The sudden fall of one or more large pieces of a rock from a cliff.
basaltic
archaean
constellation
rockfall
46. A steep or vertical cliff & either above or below sea level.
deflation
biogenic sedimentary rock
luster
escarpment
47. The reserves of a valuable mineral commodity plus all other mineral deposits that may eventually become available & even those that are presumed to exist but have not yet been discovered and those that are not economically or technologically exploita
transform boundary
resources
Prime Meridian
geology
48. A time of unusual winds and currents in the Pacific Ocean . El Nino generally causes warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures and increased rainfall and storm activity.
desertification
El Nino
nautical mile
cave
49. The closest galaxy to the Milky way. It is approximately 2 million light-years away.
asteroid
Andromeda
barrier reef
Uniformitarianism
50. The innermost zone of Earth. It consists of two parts & an outer liquid section and an inner solid section & both chiefly of iron and nickel with about 10 percent lighter elements. It is surrounded by the mantle.
abyssal plain
Gondwana
core
aftershock
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