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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any solid material that has settled out of a state of suspension in liquid.






2. A large ridge or mound-like structure within a body of water that is built by calcareous organisms such as corals & red algae & and bivalves.






3. Pertaining to clastic material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent.






4. A low & nearly flat accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river or stream & commonly triangular or fan-shaped.






5. A soft compact calcite & CaCO3 & with varying amounts of silica & quartz & feldspar & or other mineral impurities & generally gray-white or yellow-white and derived chiefly from fossil seashells.






6. The process by which an unconsolidated deposit of sediments is converted in to solid rock.






7. A volcanic mountain on the seafloor. If flat-topped & it is a guyot.






8. The dust-sized & sharp-edged & glassy particles resulting from an explosive volcanic eruption.






9. A minor tremor that precedes an earthquake. An increase in seismicity may signal that a major release of strain energy is about to occur.






10. A process by which salts accumulate in soil.






11. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.






12. The precipitation that runs directly off the surface to stream or body of standing water.






13. Deep steep-sided depression in the ocean floor caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath either other oceanic crust or continental crust.






14. A portable time keeper with a mechanism for ensuring accuracy and adjusting itself & used for determining longitude at sea.






15. A hole or basin cut into bedrock of a stream by the abrasive action of pebbles and sand swirled by turbulent stream flow.






16. A thick layer of soil.






17. The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.






18. The surface between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration.






19. A mass of ice & formed by the recrystallization of snow & that flows forward & or has flowed at some time in the past.






20. Occurs at the intersection of the water table with the ground surface.






21. A ridge of high water associated with a hurricane and which floods over the shore .






22. Deposition of fine mineral particles (silt) on the beds of streams or lakes.






23. A substance that produces negatively charged hydroxide ions ( OH- ) in water and reacts with acids to form salts.






24. Long narrow beaches separated in many places from the mainland by lagoons.






25. A major drainage divide separating the drainage to one ocean from another.






26. A Hawaiian term for a lava flow that has a rough & jagged surface.






27. A seismic body wave that involves particle motion from side to side & perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. S-waves are slower than P-waves and cannot travel through a liquid.






28. A cyclical pattern of movement in a fluid body such as the ocean & the atmosphere & or the Earth's mantle & driven by density variations which in turn are the result of differences in temperature from one part of the fluid to another.






29. The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.






30. One of several rock-forming minerals that contain at least 95% silica (quartz). and usually one or more other common elements.






31. The area immediately below the ground surface within which pore spaces are partially filled with water and partially filled with air.






32. Banks of sand and silt along stream bank built by deposition in small increments during successive floods.






33. A waste material that contaminates air & water & or soil.






34. Lava extruded beneath water characterized by pillow shapes.






35. A general term including both oil and natural gas.






36. The formation & advance and retreat of glaciers and the results of these activities.






37. A permeable region of rock or soil through which ground water can move.






38. Jupiter is named after the Roman king of the gods. It is the fifth planet from the Sun.






39. A process of erosion in which wind carries off particles of dust and sand.






40. The area bordering a stream over which water spreads when the stream tops its channel banks.






41. An accumulation of wind driven sand into a distinctive shape.






42. Deserts formed by blocking moisture-bearing winds with mountain barriers.






43. A measure of acidity.






44. A measure of the strength of an earthquake based on the amount of movement recorded by a seismograph . compare Richter scale.






45. The sudden fall of one or more large pieces of a rock from a cliff.






46. A steep or vertical cliff & either above or below sea level.






47. The reserves of a valuable mineral commodity plus all other mineral deposits that may eventually become available & even those that are presumed to exist but have not yet been discovered and those that are not economically or technologically exploita






48. A time of unusual winds and currents in the Pacific Ocean . El Nino generally causes warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures and increased rainfall and storm activity.






49. The closest galaxy to the Milky way. It is approximately 2 million light-years away.






50. The innermost zone of Earth. It consists of two parts & an outer liquid section and an inner solid section & both chiefly of iron and nickel with about 10 percent lighter elements. It is surrounded by the mantle.







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