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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A continuous well-defined mass of material of sufficient ore content to make extraction economically feasible. compare mineral deposit.






2. A deposit of partly decayed plant remains in a very wet environment; marsh or swamp deposit of plant remains containing more than 50 percent carbon.






3. In a stream & the volume of water passing through a channel in a given time.






4. A sharp bend & loop or turn in a stream's course. When abandoned & it is called a meander scar or an oxbow.






5. The physical & chemical & and biological processes by which rock at or near the Earth's surface is broken down into smaller pieces.






6. Refers to rock or sediments made up primarily of broken fragments of pre-existing rocks or minerals.






7. A mass of ice & formed by the recrystallization of snow & that flows forward & or has flowed at some time in the past.






8. The surface between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration.






9. A commonly used measure of earthquake magnitude & based on a logarithmic scale. Each integral step on the scale represents a tenfold increase in the extent of ground shaking & as recorded on a seismograph.






10. A glaciated valley now flooded by the sea.






11. A depression in the ground formed by the melting of a block of glacier ice buried or partially buried by drift.






12. The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake.






13. In the geologic time scale a unit of time less than an era and greater than an epoch. Example: The Tertiary period was the earliest period in the Cenozoic era and included & among others & the Eocene epoch.






14. A disease-causing organism or entity & such as a bacterium or virus.






15. A rock changed from its original form and/or composition by heat & pressure &shearing stress & or chemically active fluids & or some combination of them.






16. An astronomical instrument for measuring angles & primarily altitude of celestial bodies to determine latitude.






17. The closest galaxy to the Milky way. It is approximately 2 million light-years away.






18. The weak or 'soft' zone in the upper mantle just below the lithosphere & involved in plate movement and isostatic adjustments. It lies 70 to 100 km below the surface and may extend to a depth of 400 km.






19. Synonym of intrusive. Antonym of volcanic. Applies to igneous rocks formed beneath the surface of the Earth; typically with large crystals due to the slowness of cooling.






20. The vertical distance between the crest and adjacent trough of a wave.






21. Igneous. Antonym of intrusive. Synonym of volcanic. Pertaining to igneous rocks or features formed from lava released on the Earth's surface.






22. A process by which salts accumulate in soil.






23. Heat transport by direct transfer of energy from one particle to another & without moving the particle to a new location.






24. A large & basin-shaped volcanic depression & more or less circular in form. Typically steep-sided & found at the summit of a shield volcano.






25. Occurs at the intersection of the water table with the ground surface.






26. Fossils formed when water containing minerals leaks into a mold. The minerals harden to form a copy of the original structure or organism.






27. The zone below the zone of aeration in which all pore spaces are filled with water.






28. Imaginary lines on a map or globe that measure distance in degrees north or south of the equator. Latitude lines extend horizontally & from east to west on a globe.






29. The layer of gases (air) & that surrounds a planet or moon.






30. A roughly circular reef with an occasional small & low & coral sand island surrounding a shallow lagoon.






31. Bent rock strata.






32. The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.






33. A hot & gaseous & self-luminous celestial body & as the Sun.






34. The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.






35. A sedimentary rock composed of combustible matter derived from the partial decomposition of plant material.






36. An aggregate of one or more minerals in varying proportions.






37. The pattern of water circulation from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean.






38. A delta formed at both sides of a tidal inlet.






39. The theory that states that the present-day continents are the fragmented pieces of preexisting larger landmasses called supercontinents.






40. A naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a well-defined chemical composition and in which atoms are arranged in an ordered fashion.






41. A vertical conduit through the Earth's crust below a volcano & through Which magma has passed.






42. The rock beneath the soil.






43. A waste material that contaminates air & water & or soil.






44. The precipitation that runs directly off the surface to stream or body of standing water.






45. Geologic time expressed in years before the present.






46. A commonly used scale of earthquake intensity.






47. The persistence of wind-formed waves after wind ceases.






48. The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.






49. A ridge of high water associated with a hurricane and which floods over the shore .






50. Deep steep-sided depression in the ocean floor caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath either other oceanic crust or continental crust.







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