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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a binding & or cementing & agent is precipitated in spaces among individual particles of a deposit. Common cementing agents are calcite & quartz & and dolomite.






2. The distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.






3. An era of geologic time lasting from 570 to 245 million years ago.






4. As applied to glacier ice & the process by which ice below the snow line is wasted by evaporation and melting.






5. An instrument used to measure the speed of wind.






6. Mercury is named after the Roman messenger of the gods. It is the closest to the Sun.






7. Any molten material that is extrusive or volcanic & or the rock that forms from a molten extrusive. Molten rock that flows at the Earth's surface.






8. Deserts in zones of descending air between 25 degrees and 30 degrees north and south latitude.






9. Gases (primarily water and carbon dioxide & but also a variety of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and gaseous hydrocarbons) that trap the Sun's heat in the atmosphere.






10. The amount of dissolved salt in water.






11. A disease-causing organism or entity & such as a bacterium or virus.






12. Any form of water & such as rain & sleet & or snow & that falls to Earth's surface.






13. The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.






14. A reverse fault on which the dip angle of the fault plane is 15 degrees or less.






15. A dense & hot (sometimes incandescent) cloud of volcanic ash and gas produced in a Pelean eruption.






16. A large area of flat or nearly flat land.






17. An accumulation of wind driven sand into a distinctive shape.






18. A low & nearly flat accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river or stream & commonly triangular or fan-shaped.






19. The generally dark & more or less stable part of the organic matter in a soil & so well decomposed that the original sources cannot be identified.






20. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.






21. The prediction that climate will warm as a result of the addition to the atmosphere of humanly produced greenhouse gases.






22. A region of high heat flow on the Earth's surface & thought to lie above a mantle plume .






23. The method of locating an epicenter by determining how far it lies from three widely separated seismographs.






24. The condition of equilibrium & comparable to floating & of units of the lithosphere above the asthenosphere.






25. A chuck of rock or dust in space.






26. The acidity in rain due to gases from internal combustion engines and coal- and oil-burning power plants.






27. The closest galaxy to the Milky way. It is approximately 2 million light-years away.






28. A device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.






29. A person who makes maps.






30. Geologic time expressed in years before the present.






31. The distance light travels through a vacuum in one year.






32. The theory of Plate Tectonics states that the Earth's crust is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small pieces floating on a semi-molten mantle.






33. The distance light travels through a vacuum in one year.






34. An ingredient in a food or other substance that nourishes or promotes growth.






35. A seismic body wave that involves particle motion & alternating compression and expansion & in the direction of wave propagation. It is the fastest seismic wave. compare S-wave .






36. Sediments produced directly by the life processes of plants or animals.






37. The partial or complete blocking from view of one object by another.






38. The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake.






39. A commonly used measure of earthquake magnitude & based on a logarithmic scale. Each integral step on the scale represents a tenfold increase in the extent of ground shaking & as recorded on a seismograph.






40. A vertical conduit through the Earth's crust below a volcano & through Which magma has passed.






41. A division of geologic time next shorter than a period. Example: the Pleistocene epoch is in the Quaternary period.






42. A type of disintegration in which jointed rock is forced apart by the expansion of water as it freezes in fractures.






43. The galaxy where Earth is located.






44. The level of light that penetrates through water.






45. Imaginary lines on a map or globe that measure distance in degrees north or south of the equator. Latitude lines extend horizontally & from east to west on a globe.






46. A valley caused by extension of the Earth's crust. Its floor forms as a portion of the crust moves downward along normal faults.






47. Applies to igneous rocks that cool on the surface of the Earth & including beneath water; typically with small crystals due to the rapidity of cooling. Synonym of extrusive. Antonym of plutonic.






48. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.






49. The mass of an object divided by its volume.






50. Woodland that usually gets at least 100 inches of rain each year.







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