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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A measure of the strength of an earthquake based on the amount of movement recorded by a seismograph . compare Richter scale.






2. The innermost zone of Earth. It consists of two parts & an outer liquid section and an inner solid section & both chiefly of iron and nickel with about 10 percent lighter elements. It is surrounded by the mantle.






3. Pertaining to or composed of granite & a coarse-grained igneous rock dominated by light-colored minerals & consisting of about 50 percent orthoclase & 25 percent quartz & and balance of feldspars and ferromagnesian silicates. Granite is commonly foun






4. Sediment formed by chemical precipitation from water. Example: halite precipitated as the result of the evaporation of sea water.






5. Where one plate slides beneath another plate as the two are pushed together & a subduction zone.






6. A soft compact calcite & CaCO3 & with varying amounts of silica & quartz & feldspar & or other mineral impurities & generally gray-white or yellow-white and derived chiefly from fossil seashells.






7. A famous scientist who proposed that the Sun was the center of the solar system not the Earth. (Heliocentrism)






8. In the geologic time scale a unit of time less than an era and greater than an epoch. Example: The Tertiary period was the earliest period in the Cenozoic era and included & among others & the Eocene epoch.






9. Jupiter is named after the Roman king of the gods. It is the fifth planet from the Sun.






10. The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake.






11. A term applied to large areas of basaltic lava presumably extruded from fissures.






12. A steep or vertical cliff & either above or below sea level.






13. A vent in the surface of the Earth & from which lava & ash & and gases erupt.






14. The straightening and/or deepening of a river channel.






15. The arrangement of rock units in the proper chronological order from youngest to oldest.






16. Any place where bedrock is visible on the surface of the Earth.






17. A major drainage divide separating the drainage to one ocean from another.






18. 1. A mass of sand & gravel & or alluvium deposited on the bed of a stream & sea & or lake & or at the mouth of a stream 2. A unit of pressure & approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.






19. To wash or scrub away.






20. Long narrow beaches separated in many places from the mainland by lagoons.






21. The portion of the continental margin that lies between the abyssal plain and the continental slope. The continental rise is underlain by crustal rocks of the ocean basin.






22. Mountains & characterized by extensive folding and thrust faulting & that form at convergent plate boundaries on continents.






23. A measure of the size of an earthquake in terms of the damage it causes.






24. A detailed mathematical description of the cause-and-effect relationships between events that can be used to predict or explain other such events.






25. Gases (primarily water and carbon dioxide & but also a variety of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and gaseous hydrocarbons) that trap the Sun's heat in the atmosphere.






26. Surficial mining & in which the valuable rock is exposed by removal of overlying rock or soil.






27. The physical & chemical & and biological processes by which rock at or near the Earth's surface is broken down into smaller pieces.






28. A sea wave produced by any large-scale & short duration disturbance on the seafloor & commonly a shallow submarine earthquake but possibly also a submarine slide or volcanic eruption.






29. A large area of flat or nearly flat land.






30. All unconsolidated materials above bedrock. Natural earthy materials on the Earth's surface & in places modified or even made by human activity & containing living matter & and supporting or capable of supporting plants out of doors.






31. A curved belt of volcanic islands lying above a subduction zone.






32. The closest galaxy to the Milky way. It is approximately 2 million light-years away.






33. An icicle-shaped accumulation of dripstone hanging from cave roof.






34. An imaginary circle around the earth that represents the halfway mark between the North and South Poles and establishes the boundary between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.






35. Where two plates are moving in opposite directions as in a mid-ocean ridge.






36. A measure of acidity.






37. A plate boundary in which plates on opposite sides of the boundary move past each other in opposite directions. The San Andreas fault of California is a good example.






38. The naturally occurring material from which a mineral or minerals of economic value can be extracted at a profit.






39. A naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a well-defined chemical composition and in which atoms are arranged in an ordered fashion.






40. Living on land.






41. Till deposited from main body of glacier during ablation.






42. The elevation at which snow persists throughout the year.






43. A wall built out from the shore & usually at perpendicular to it to trap sand carried by longshore currents .






44. A coral reef separated from the mainland by a lagoon.






45. An era of time during the Phanerozoic eon lasting from 245 million years ago to 66.4 million ago.






46. The method of locating an epicenter by determining how far it lies from three widely separated seismographs.






47. Any accumulation of material & by settling from water or air & chemical precipitation & evaporation from solution & etc.






48. The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.






49. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.






50. Any porous and permeable rock that yields oil or natural gas.







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