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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An earthquake that follows and has its epicenter near a larger earthquake.






2. A volcano in the shape of a flattened cone & broad and low & built by very fluid flows of basaltic lava.






3. A valley carved by glacier erosion and whose cross-valley profile has steep sides and a nearly flat floor & suggestive of a large letter 'you'.






4. The process of one plate descending beneath another.






5. The innermost zone of Earth. It consists of two parts & an outer liquid section and an inner solid section & both chiefly of iron and nickel with about 10 percent lighter elements. It is surrounded by the mantle.






6. A small & dust-bearing whirlwind.






7. Any porous and permeable rock that yields oil or natural gas.






8. The elevation at which snow persists throughout the year.






9. A collection of maps.






10. The area immediately below the ground surface within which pore spaces are partially filled with water and partially filled with air.






11. A blanket of wind-driven sand with an upper surface about a meter above ground level.






12. The theory of Plate Tectonics states that the Earth's crust is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small pieces floating on a semi-molten mantle.






13. Shapes & like mountains or hills that make up the Earth's surface.






14. The Earth's crust underlying the ocean basins which is formed at mid-oceanic ridges. It is typically 5 to 10 kilometers thick composed of basalt.






15. A broad & deep & generally straight furrow carved in bed rock by the abrasive action of debris embedded in a moving glacier. Larger and deeper than a glacial striation.






16. The reflection of light on a given mineral's surface & classified by intensity and quality.






17. The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.






18. Water that flows across watersheds during and immediately after severe rainstorms. In populated areas & stormwater runoff is often water that cannot be handled by existing sewer systems. Stormwater runoff is the leading source of water pollution in t






19. The process by which an unconsolidated deposit of sediments is converted in to solid rock.






20. Forms along a coast as wave erosion cuts through a headland.






21. Where one plate slides beneath another plate as the two are pushed together & a subduction zone.






22. The geologic eon lying between the Archean and Phanerozoic eons & beginning about 2.5 billion years ago and ending about 0.57 billion years ago.






23. Applies to igneous rocks that cool on the surface of the Earth & including beneath water; typically with small crystals due to the rapidity of cooling. Synonym of extrusive. Antonym of plutonic.






24. Soil conditions prevailing in area whose mean annual temperature is 0o C.






25. Pertaining to clastic material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent.






26. A broad & mound-like mass of glacier ice that usually spreads radially outward from a central zone.






27. A thickened elevated region of Earth's crust that is mainly (but not entirely) above sea level.






28. All unconsolidated materials above bedrock. Natural earthy materials on the Earth's surface & in places modified or even made by human activity & containing living matter & and supporting or capable of supporting plants out of doors.






29. The resistance of a mineral to scratching & as measured by the Mohs scale.






30. Mountains & characterized by extensive folding and thrust faulting & that form at convergent plate boundaries on continents.






31. Swamp that forms in the low lying flood plain behind a levee.






32. The concept of a sequence of events involving the formation & alteration & destruction and reformation of rocks as a result of geologic processes.






33. An isolated & steep-sided & rocky mass or island just offshore from a rocky headland & usually on a shore platform.






34. The line separating land and water.






35. A term applied to large areas of basaltic lava presumably extruded from fissures.






36. A soft compact calcite & CaCO3 & with varying amounts of silica & quartz & feldspar & or other mineral impurities & generally gray-white or yellow-white and derived chiefly from fossil seashells.






37. Surficial mining & in which the valuable rock is exposed by removal of overlying rock or soil.






38. A volcano that is composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material & along with abundant dikes and sills. Viscous & intermediate lava may flow from a central vent. Example: Mt. Fuji in Japan.






39. That portion of the Earth below the crust and reaching to about 2 &780 km & where a transition zone of about 100 km thickness separates it from the core.






40. Lava extruded beneath water characterized by pillow shapes.






41. A narrow & elongate region in which one lithospheric plate descends relative to another.






42. A mass of ice & formed by the recrystallization of snow & that flows forward & or has flowed at some time in the past.






43. The height of a place above sea level.






44. The rock beneath the soil.






45. A type of thermal spring which ejects water intermittently with considerable force.






46. The uprush of a wave onto the beach followed by the return flow of the water down the beach slope in the intervals between waves.






47. Rock formed from the accumulation of sediment & Which may consist of fragments and mineral grains of varying sizes from pre-existing rocks & remains or products of animals and plants & the products of chemical action & or mixtures of these.






48. Glacial drift composed of rock fragments that range from clay to boulder size and randomly arranged without bedding.






49. Heat transport by direct transfer of energy from one particle to another & without moving the particle to a new location.






50. The closest star to Earth besides the sun. It is approximately 4 light years away.







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