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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A region of high heat flow on the Earth's surface & thought to lie above a mantle plume .






2. A Hawaiian term for a lava flow that has a rough & jagged surface.






3. The peak flow of water that tops the banks of a stream channel.






4. An eruption of lava that takes place from a fracture & usually without producing a cone.






5. A portable time keeper with a mechanism for ensuring accuracy and adjusting itself & used for determining longitude at sea.






6. Distance over which wave-forming winds blow.






7. The production of living matter by organisms that make food using sunlight or chemicals. Usually expressed as grams of carbon per square meter per year.






8. Living parts of the environment that can renew or replace themselves.






9. That part of the continental margin that lies between the continental shelf and the continental rise. Slope relatively steep & 3o - 6o. The continental slope is underlain by crustal rocks of the continent.






10. Uranus is named after the Roman god of the sky. It is the seventh planet from the Sun.






11. A minor tremor that precedes an earthquake. An increase in seismicity may signal that a major release of strain energy is about to occur.






12. The distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.






13. A measure of acidity.






14. Open pit mining & typically for coal.






15. That part of the continental margin that lies between the continental shelf and the continental rise. Slope relatively steep & 3o - 6o. The continental slope is underlain by crustal rocks of the continent.






16. The rigid outer shell of the Earth. It includes the crust and uppermost mantle and is on the order of 100 km in thickness.






17. The generally dark & more or less stable part of the organic matter in a soil & so well decomposed that the original sources cannot be identified.






18. A sedimentary rock made up of chemical sediments. Example: rock salt.






19. Mountains & characterized by extensive folding and thrust faulting & that form at convergent plate boundaries on continents.






20. Lies half way between the north and south magnetic poles.






21. A term applied to large areas of basaltic lava presumably extruded from fissures.






22. Any solid material that has settled out of a state of suspension in liquid.






23. A supercontinent that existed from the Jurassic to Early Tertiary after splitting from Pangea; composed of Laurentia & Baltica & Avalonia & (modern North America & Scandinavia & Greenland & Western and Central Europe); eventually fragmented into Eur






24. A supercontinent that existed from the Jurassic to Early Tertiary after splitting from Pangea; composed of Laurentia & Baltica & Avalonia & (modern North America & Scandinavia & Greenland & Western and Central Europe); eventually fragmented into Eur






25. Any natural concentration of a valuable material in the Earth's crust & whether that material can be extracted profitably or not.






26. The height of a place above sea level.






27. As applied to glacier ice & the process by which ice below the snow line is wasted by evaporation and melting.






28. A spring whose temperature is 6.5o C or more above mean annual air temperature.






29. The surface between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration.






30. A commonly used measure of earthquake magnitude & based on a logarithmic scale. Each integral step on the scale represents a tenfold increase in the extent of ground shaking & as recorded on a seismograph.






31. Any seismic wave that travels through the body of Earth & rather than along its surface.






32. A glaciated valley now flooded by the sea.






33. Any object that revolves around another object in space.






34. The area immediately below the ground surface within which pore spaces are partially filled with water and partially filled with air.






35. A process of erosion in which wind carries off particles of dust and sand.






36. The process by which ocean floors spread laterally from crests of main ocean ridges. As material moves laterally from the ridge & new material replaces it along the ridge crest by welling upward from the mantle.






37. An earthquake that follows and has its epicenter near a larger earthquake.






38. A type of volcanic eruption characterized by nuees ardentes and the development of lava domes.






39. A volcano that is composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material & along with abundant dikes and sills. Viscous & intermediate lava may flow from a central vent. Example: Mt. Fuji in Japan.






40. The uprush of a wave onto the beach followed by the return flow of the water down the beach slope in the intervals between waves.






41. A post of dripstone growing up from a cave floor.






42. A pillar formed as a stalactite and stalagmite meet.






43. A sedimentary rock composed of combustible matter derived from the partial decomposition of plant material.






44. A rigid segment of the Earth's lithosphere that moves horizontally and adjoins other plates along zones of seismic activity. Plates may include portions of both continents and ocean basins.






45. Pluto is named after the Roman god of the Underworld. No longer considered a planet.






46. An accumulation of wind driven sand into a distinctive shape.






47. A dense & hot (sometimes incandescent) cloud of volcanic ash and gas produced in a Pelean eruption.






48. The zones of seismic activity long which plates are in contact.






49. The rock beneath the soil.






50. A delta formed at both sides of a tidal inlet.







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