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Test your basic knowledge |
Earth Science
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Subject
:
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a binding & or cementing & agent is precipitated in spaces among individual particles of a deposit. Common cementing agents are calcite & quartz & and dolomite.
thrust fault
volcanic
island arc
cementation
2. The distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.
wave length
karst
salinization
Continntal Drift Theory
3. An era of geologic time lasting from 570 to 245 million years ago.
Sun
nonfoliated
Paleozoic
sedimentary rock
4. As applied to glacier ice & the process by which ice below the snow line is wasted by evaporation and melting.
arch
ablation
seafloor spreading
igneous rock
5. An instrument used to measure the speed of wind.
peat
mineral
barrier reef
anemometer
6. Mercury is named after the Roman messenger of the gods. It is the closest to the Sun.
water table
Saturn
Mercury
zone of saturation
7. Any molten material that is extrusive or volcanic & or the rock that forms from a molten extrusive. Molten rock that flows at the Earth's surface.
specific gravity
lava
jetty
fold and thrust mountains
8. Deserts in zones of descending air between 25 degrees and 30 degrees north and south latitude.
aquatic
subtropical deserts
intrusive
lahar
9. Gases (primarily water and carbon dioxide & but also a variety of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and gaseous hydrocarbons) that trap the Sun's heat in the atmosphere.
longitude
greenhouse gases
streak
urban
10. The amount of dissolved salt in water.
swash and back wash
wind farm
Richter scale
salinity
11. A disease-causing organism or entity & such as a bacterium or virus.
Mars
pathogen
renewable resources
lava
12. Any form of water & such as rain & sleet & or snow & that falls to Earth's surface.
precipitation
eon
particulate air pollution
waterfall
13. The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.
inertia
precipitation
atlas
observator
14. A reverse fault on which the dip angle of the fault plane is 15 degrees or less.
density
fetch
thrust fault
telescope
15. A dense & hot (sometimes incandescent) cloud of volcanic ash and gas produced in a Pelean eruption.
continent
nuee ardente
cave
zone of saturation
16. A large area of flat or nearly flat land.
axis
metamorphic rock
plain
floodplain
17. An accumulation of wind driven sand into a distinctive shape.
abyssal plain
compression fossil
rock cycle
sand dune
18. A low & nearly flat accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river or stream & commonly triangular or fan-shaped.
subtropical deserts
p- wave (primary wave & compressional wave)
subtropical deserts
delta
19. The generally dark & more or less stable part of the organic matter in a soil & so well decomposed that the original sources cannot be identified.
watershed
transcontinental
dust storm
humus
20. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.
casts
calving
scientific model
basalt
21. The prediction that climate will warm as a result of the addition to the atmosphere of humanly produced greenhouse gases.
global warming
inner core
magma
Mercury
22. A region of high heat flow on the Earth's surface & thought to lie above a mantle plume .
hot spot
geologic column
swash and back wash
volcano
23. The method of locating an epicenter by determining how far it lies from three widely separated seismographs.
triangulation
body wave
landforms
Proterozoic
24. The condition of equilibrium & comparable to floating & of units of the lithosphere above the asthenosphere.
compass Rose
isostasy
natural resources
Pillow Lava
25. A chuck of rock or dust in space.
inertia
smelting
base
meteoroid
26. The acidity in rain due to gases from internal combustion engines and coal- and oil-burning power plants.
beach
asthenosphere
you-shaped valley
acid rain
27. The closest galaxy to the Milky way. It is approximately 2 million light-years away.
storm surge
shield volcano
Andromeda
nautical mile
28. A device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.
telescope
steppe
ice shelf
deflation
29. A person who makes maps.
dust storm
tell
Proterozoic
cartographer
30. Geologic time expressed in years before the present.
arch
s- wave (secondary wave & shear wave)
aquatic
absolute time
31. The distance light travels through a vacuum in one year.
light-year
meteoroid
sedimentary rock
volcanic
32. The theory of Plate Tectonics states that the Earth's crust is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small pieces floating on a semi-molten mantle.
plate tectonics
smelting
fold and thrust mountains
extrusive
33. The distance light travels through a vacuum in one year.
reserves
light-year
volcanic
seismic gap
34. An ingredient in a food or other substance that nourishes or promotes growth.
flood
nutrient
divergent boundary
ore deposit
35. A seismic body wave that involves particle motion & alternating compression and expansion & in the direction of wave propagation. It is the fastest seismic wave. compare S-wave .
p- wave (primary wave & compressional wave)
fold
casts
urban
36. Sediments produced directly by the life processes of plants or animals.
mineral
fetch
biogenic sediment
disintegration (mechanical weathering)
37. The partial or complete blocking from view of one object by another.
igneous rock
eclipse
Milky Way
density
38. The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake.
oxbow
epicenter
Sun
mineral
39. A commonly used measure of earthquake magnitude & based on a logarithmic scale. Each integral step on the scale represents a tenfold increase in the extent of ground shaking & as recorded on a seismograph.
epicenter
desertification
humid
Richter scale
40. A vertical conduit through the Earth's crust below a volcano & through Which magma has passed.
loess
deflation
clast
pipe
41. A division of geologic time next shorter than a period. Example: the Pleistocene epoch is in the Quaternary period.
stratification
particulate air pollution
epoch
collisional Boundary
42. A type of disintegration in which jointed rock is forced apart by the expansion of water as it freezes in fractures.
conserve
oxbow
frost wedging
compression fossil
43. The galaxy where Earth is located.
continental slope
Milky Way
ecosystem
mesosphere
44. The level of light that penetrates through water.
cone of depression
snow line
current speed
water clarity
45. Imaginary lines on a map or globe that measure distance in degrees north or south of the equator. Latitude lines extend horizontally & from east to west on a globe.
latitude
aquatic
fault
Phanerozoic
46. A valley caused by extension of the Earth's crust. Its floor forms as a portion of the crust moves downward along normal faults.
Uniformitarianism
rift (graben)
streak
reserves
47. Applies to igneous rocks that cool on the surface of the Earth & including beneath water; typically with small crystals due to the rapidity of cooling. Synonym of extrusive. Antonym of plutonic.
jetty
loess
glaciation
volcanic
48. Highly mafic igneous volcanic rock & typically fine-grained and dark in color; rough volcanic equivalent of gabbro. Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust.
gemstone
steppe
basalt
suspension
49. The mass of an object divided by its volume.
fluctuate
lithosphere
breakwater
density
50. Woodland that usually gets at least 100 inches of rain each year.
magnetic pole
erratic
sand dune
rainforest
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