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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A minor tremor that precedes an earthquake. An increase in seismicity may signal that a major release of strain energy is about to occur.






2. Lies half way between the north and south magnetic poles.






3. A Hawaiian term for a basaltic lava flow with a smooth & or ropy surface.






4. All of space and everything in it.






5. The resistance of a mineral to scratching & as measured by the Mohs scale.






6. The distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.






7. Deserts formed by blocking moisture-bearing winds with mountain barriers.






8. Sediment formed by chemical precipitation from water. Example: halite precipitated as the result of the evaporation of sea water.






9. A measure of acidity.






10. Mountains & characterized by extensive folding and thrust faulting & that form at convergent plate boundaries on continents.






11. An instrument that detects & magnifies & and records vibrations of the Earth & especially earthquakes.






12. A small ice sheet.






13. A device containing a free-swinging magnetic needle that is attracted to Earth's magnetic North Pole. Used to determine direction of travel.






14. A rigid segment of the Earth's lithosphere that moves horizontally and adjoins other plates along zones of seismic activity. Plates may include portions of both continents and ocean basins.






15. The oldest eon in Earth history & extending from the origin of the Earth to about 3.9 billion years ago.






16. The direction & north (normal) or south (reversed) & that a magnetic compass needle points.






17. A large area of flat or nearly flat land.






18. The outermost layer of the Earth & varying in thickness from about 10 kilometers (6 miles) below the oceans & to 65 kilometers (about 40 miles) below the continents; represents less than 1 percent of the Earth's volume.






19. A detailed mathematical description of the cause-and-effect relationships between events that can be used to predict or explain other such events.






20. Gases that can be dissociated by solar radiation & which releases chlorine & which in turn destroys ozone.

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21. The rigid outer shell of the Earth. It includes the crust and uppermost mantle and is on the order of 100 km in thickness.






22. A narrow & elongate region in which one lithospheric plate descends relative to another.






23. As applied to glacier ice & the process by which ice below the snow line is wasted by evaporation and melting.






24. A type of volcanic eruption characterized by nuees ardentes and the development of lava domes.






25. Applies to igneous rocks that cool on the surface of the Earth & including beneath water; typically with small crystals due to the rapidity of cooling. Synonym of extrusive. Antonym of plutonic.






26. A substance that produces positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.






27. The acidity in rain due to gases from internal combustion engines and coal- and oil-burning power plants.






28. A roughly circular reef with an occasional small & low & coral sand island surrounding a shallow lagoon.






29. A steep-sided rounded extrusion of highly viscous lava squeezed out from a volcano and forming a dome-shaped or bulbous mass above and around the volcanic vent. The structure generally develops inside a volcanic crater.






30. The great circle on the Earth's surface passing through The North and South Poles & which is considered 0 degrees longitude. The prime meridian passes through Greenwich & England & and is used as a reference point for measuring longitude east and w






31. The symbol used on a map to indicate directions & both cardinal and ordinal.






32. The first scientist to make systematic use of the telescope in looking at the heavens.






33. The portion of the continental margin that lies between the abyssal plain and the continental slope. The continental rise is underlain by crustal rocks of the ocean basin.






34. An atmospheric shield providing the Earth with protection from ultra-violet rays which can cause sun burn & skin cancer and the destruction of the delicate plant life which supports the planet's food chain.






35. A seismic body wave that involves particle motion & alternating compression and expansion & in the direction of wave propagation. It is the fastest seismic wave. compare S-wave .






36. The generally dark & more or less stable part of the organic matter in a soil & so well decomposed that the original sources cannot be identified.






37. The perpendicular or very steep descent of a stream.






38. The distance light travels through a vacuum in one year.






39. A method of sediment transport in which the turbulence of a fluid is able to keep particles supported in the fluid.






40. The relationship between distances in the area being mapped and distances in the map itself.






41. The process by which ocean floors spread laterally from crests of main ocean ridges. As material moves laterally from the ridge & new material replaces it along the ridge crest by welling upward from the mantle.






42. Mars is named after the Roman god of war. It is the fourth planet from the Sun.






43. The reserves of a valuable mineral commodity plus all other mineral deposits that may eventually become available & even those that are presumed to exist but have not yet been discovered and those that are not economically or technologically exploita






44. In the geologic time scale a unit of time less than an era and greater than an epoch. Example: The Tertiary period was the earliest period in the Cenozoic era and included & among others & the Eocene epoch.






45. A thick layer of soil.






46. An eon of geologic time extending from about 3.9 billion years to 2.5 billion years ago.






47. Pertaining to or composed of granite & a coarse-grained igneous rock dominated by light-colored minerals & consisting of about 50 percent orthoclase & 25 percent quartz & and balance of feldspars and ferromagnesian silicates. Granite is commonly foun






48. 1. A mass of sand & gravel & or alluvium deposited on the bed of a stream & sea & or lake & or at the mouth of a stream 2. A unit of pressure & approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.






49. Glacial drift composed of rock fragments that range from clay to boulder size and randomly arranged without bedding.






50. A thickened elevated region of Earth's crust that is mainly (but not entirely) above sea level.







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