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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A group of islands; an expanse of water with scattered islands.






2. That part of the continental margin that lies between the continental shelf and the continental rise. Slope relatively steep & 3o - 6o. The continental slope is underlain by crustal rocks of the continent.






3. Formed when an organism is flattened (compressed) and a thin film of organic material from its body is left in the rock.






4. A minor tremor that precedes an earthquake. An increase in seismicity may signal that a major release of strain energy is about to occur.






5. A volcano that is composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material & along with abundant dikes and sills. Viscous & intermediate lava may flow from a central vent. Example: Mt. Fuji in Japan.






6. A process by which salts accumulate in soil.






7. The portion of the continental margin that extends as a gently sloping surface from the shoreline seaward to a marked change in slope at the top of the continental slope . Seaward depth averages about 130 m.






8. A supercontinent that existed from the Jurassic to Early Tertiary after splitting from Pangea; composed of Laurentia & Baltica & Avalonia & (modern North America & Scandinavia & Greenland & Western and Central Europe); eventually fragmented into Eur






9. The internal resistance to flow in a liquid.






10. 1. A low & bowl-shaped area of land surrounded by higher lands. 2. any large depression in which sediments are deposited.






11. A sea wave produced by any large-scale & short duration disturbance on the seafloor & commonly a shallow submarine earthquake but possibly also a submarine slide or volcanic eruption.






12. A study designed to collect critical data to be used for comparison or as a control in a later study.






13. A system that uses a constellation of 24 satellites & their ground stations & and individual GPS receivers to accurately locate points on Earth.






14. Temporary accumulations of sediments that collect between low and high water marks.






15. The process of removing metal from ore.






16. An artificial hill formed by the debris of successive human settlements.






17. A substance that produces negatively charged hydroxide ions ( OH- ) in water and reacts with acids to form salts.






18. A region of high heat flow on the Earth's surface & thought to lie above a mantle plume .






19. The presence of layers in some rocks caused by parallel alignment of minerals.






20. Plutonic. Antonym of extrusive. Pertaining to igneous rocks or features formed by the emplacement of magma in pre-existing rocks.






21. The naturally occurring material from which a mineral or minerals of economic value can be extracted at a profit.






22. Pertaining to or composed of granite & a coarse-grained igneous rock dominated by light-colored minerals & consisting of about 50 percent orthoclase & 25 percent quartz & and balance of feldspars and ferromagnesian silicates. Granite is commonly foun






23. Of or relating to or containing basalt & a dark & dense & extrusive rock that has a silica content of 40% to 50% and makes up most of the ocean floor.






24. Molten rock & containing dissolved gases and suspended solid particles. At the Earth's surface & magma is known as lava.






25. The weak or 'soft' zone in the upper mantle just below the lithosphere & involved in plate movement and isostatic adjustments. It lies 70 to 100 km below the surface and may extend to a depth of 400 km.






26. A stone or boulder & glacially transported from place of origin and left in an area of different bedrock composition.






27. A substance that produces positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.






28. A period of dryness & that when prolonged & causes damage to crops; a shortage of water.






29. That portion of the resources for a valuable mineral commodity that can be extracted from the Earth at a profit today.






30. A supercontinent that existed from the Jurassic to Early Tertiary after splitting from Pangea; composed of Laurentia & Baltica & Avalonia & (modern North America & Scandinavia & Greenland & Western and Central Europe); eventually fragmented into Eur






31. The zone below the zone of aeration in which all pore spaces are filled with water.






32. A vertical conduit through the Earth's crust below a volcano & through Which magma has passed.






33. A depression in the ground formed by the melting of a block of glacier ice buried or partially buried by drift.






34. As applied to glacier ice & the process by which ice below the snow line is wasted by evaporation and melting.






35. A spring whose temperature is 6.5o C or more above mean annual air temperature.






36. The principle that states the processes operating to change the Earth in the present also operated in the past.






37. The straightening and/or deepening of a river channel.






38. A division of geologic time next smaller than the eon and larger than a period. Example: The Paleozoic era is in the Phanerozoic eon and includes & among others & the Devonian period.






39. The arrangement of rock units in the proper chronological order from youngest to oldest.






40. The resistance of a mineral to scratching & as measured by the Mohs scale.






41. Forms along a coast as wave erosion cuts through a headland.






42. A plate boundary in which plates on opposite sides of the boundary move past each other in opposite directions. The San Andreas fault of California is a good example.






43. Gases that can be dissociated by solar radiation & which releases chlorine & which in turn destroys ozone.

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44. A comet that passed Earth in 1997 and won't return to the inner solar system until the year 4377.






45. A curved belt of volcanic islands lying above a subduction zone.






46. The rock beneath the soil.






47. Uranus is named after the Roman god of the sky. It is the seventh planet from the Sun.






48. A system involving continuous interaction of the solid Earth & the atmosphere & the oceans and living things.






49. A broad & mound-like mass of glacier ice that usually spreads radially outward from a central zone.






50. A guide to reading a map that typically contains distance scales & arrows indicating direction & and/or explanations of symbols used.