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Earth Science

Subject : science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Elongated rises on the ocean floor where basalt periodically erupts & forming new oceanic crust.






2. A slide involving a downward and usually sudden movement of newly detached segments of bedrock sliding or slipping over an inclined surface of weakness such as a bedding plane & fault plane & or joint surface.






3. The point on the Earth's surface where a magnetic needle points vertically downward (north magnetic pole) or vertically upward (south magnetic pole).






4. The tectonic region in which two plates meet.






5. A narrow strip of land along the margin of the ocean extending inland for a variable distance from low water mark.






6. An instrument that merely indicates the occurrence of an earthquake.






7. Destruction of the ozone layer caused by the release of CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons) into the atmosphere which react chemically with ozone and break it down into different gases.






8. A person who makes maps.






9. The average weather conditions of an area over many years & as measured by temperature & wind speed & and precipitation.






10. A pillar formed as a stalactite and stalagmite meet.






11. A device containing a free-swinging magnetic needle that is attracted to Earth's magnetic North Pole. Used to determine direction of travel.






12. A thickened elevated region of Earth's crust that is mainly (but not entirely) above sea level.






13. The oldest eon in Earth history & extending from the origin of the Earth to about 3.9 billion years ago.






14. A pillar formed as a stalactite and stalagmite meet.






15. A measure of the strength of an earthquake based on the amount of movement recorded by a seismograph . compare Richter scale.






16. A rigid segment of the Earth's lithosphere that moves horizontally and adjoins other plates along zones of seismic activity. Plates may include portions of both continents and ocean basins.






17. A mass of ice & formed by the recrystallization of snow & that flows forward & or has flowed at some time in the past.






18. The physical & chemical & and biological processes by which rock at or near the Earth's surface is broken down into smaller pieces.






19. The condition of equilibrium & comparable to floating & of units of the lithosphere above the asthenosphere.






20. The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.






21. A Hawaiian term for a lava flow that has a rough & jagged surface.






22. A steep or vertical cliff & either above or below sea level.






23. The reserves of a valuable mineral commodity plus all other mineral deposits that may eventually become available & even those that are presumed to exist but have not yet been discovered and those that are not economically or technologically exploita






24. The process by which a binding & or cementing & agent is precipitated in spaces among individual particles of a deposit. Common cementing agents are calcite & quartz & and dolomite.






25. No identifiable layers of minerals in a rock sample






26. Named after the Roman god of the sea. It is the eighth planet from the Sun.






27. The closest star to Earth besides the sun. It is approximately 4 light years away.






28. Plutonic. Antonym of extrusive. Pertaining to igneous rocks or features formed by the emplacement of magma in pre-existing rocks.






29. A coral reef separated from the mainland by a lagoon.






30. The layer of gases (air) & that surrounds a planet or moon.






31. A process of land degradation initiated by human activity & particularly in the zones along the margins of deserts.






32. A hole or basin cut into bedrock of a stream by the abrasive action of pebbles and sand swirled by turbulent stream flow.






33. Heat extracted from the Earth for use as an power source.






34. The method of locating an epicenter by determining how far it lies from three widely separated seismographs.






35. Rock formed from the accumulation of sediment & Which may consist of fragments and mineral grains of varying sizes from pre-existing rocks & remains or products of animals and plants & the products of chemical action & or mixtures of these.






36. The explosion of a dying giant or supergiant star.






37. A delta formed at both sides of a tidal inlet.






38. A group of stars that appear to make a pattern in the sky. The Big Dipper is a constellation.






39. A process of erosion in which wind carries off particles of dust and sand.






40. A steep-sided rounded extrusion of highly viscous lava squeezed out from a volcano and forming a dome-shaped or bulbous mass above and around the volcanic vent. The structure generally develops inside a volcanic crater.






41. The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.






42. Gases that can be dissociated by solar radiation & which releases chlorine & which in turn destroys ozone.

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43. The process of removing metal from ore.






44. Shapes & like mountains or hills that make up the Earth's surface.






45. A community of plants and/or animals and its physical environment & regarded as a unit.






46. An eruption of lava that takes place from a fracture & usually without producing a cone.






47. Applies to igneous rocks that cool on the surface of the Earth & including beneath water; typically with small crystals due to the rapidity of cooling. Synonym of extrusive. Antonym of plutonic.






48. An eon of geologic time extending from about 3.9 billion years to 2.5 billion years ago.






49. All unconsolidated materials above bedrock. Natural earthy materials on the Earth's surface & in places modified or even made by human activity & containing living matter & and supporting or capable of supporting plants out of doors.






50. That portion of the Earth below the crust and reaching to about 2 &780 km & where a transition zone of about 100 km thickness separates it from the core.







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