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Test your basic knowledge |
Educational Psychology Basics
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Study First
Subject
:
teaching
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found that parents tend to encourage their daughters to be dependent ; she suggests that parents and teachers encourage them to figure the problem out their selves before they help
Beverly Fargot
Dependent variable
Preconventional morality
Preoperational stage
2. What are 3 different ways to study behavior?
Individual case study - naturalistic observation - tests and surverys
Universal
Zone of Proximal Distance
Object permanence
3. Ruled that tests that are biased (IQ tests) cannot be used for the placement of minority kids into classes
ZPD - Zone of proximal distance
Laray Pee case
Psychosocial moratorium
Carol Gilligan
4. They were more self confident - had higher self esteem - more likely to be leaders and more likely to receive favorable comments from adults ; this happens because the look ... and are better athletes; the only bad thing is that they are more likely
Jane Mercer
Reliability
Emotional intelligence
Early maturing boys
5. Describing relationships between two factors is a correlation: a statistical description of how closely two variables are related. They can range from -1.00 to +1.00.
Naturalistic observations
Experimental methods
Criterion (criteria) reference test
Dependent variable
6. Birth to about 9 years old ; kohlberg says young kids do not understand the rules of society; they follow the rules to avoid punishment
Parpain
Preconventional morality
Object permanence
Beverly Fargot
7. What are the two types of adaptation?
Egocentric thinking
Role confusions
Assimilation and accommodation
Educational psychology
8. Young kids that talk to themselves
Vygotsky calls this Private Speech
Identity foreclosure
Formal operation stage
Pase vs Hannon
9. When you play besides someone but not really interacting with them
1st year ; development of trust
Jensen's response to 'are IQ tests bias?'
Laray Pee case
Parallel play
10. Refers to a persons ability to monitor their own and other peoples feelings and to use this information to guide their thinking and their actions ; some people say this refers more to a personality trait
Emotional intelligence
Early maturing girls
1st year ; development of trust
Reliability
11. Ages 2 to 3 ; during this stage kids may develop a sense of independence ; they begin to walk and potty train(learn self control) - 'NO!' Erikson believes this is the child developing a sense of _______(self confidence)
James Marcia
Correlation
Autonomy vs shame and doubt; if the child feelds overly criticized or punished or guilty the child may come out of this stage without autonomy and strong feelings of shame and doubt
Beverly Fagot
12. When the experimenter or the subject dont know which group they are in ; helps to avoid experimental bias and certain kinds of treatment that may change subjects behavior
Standard score (derived score)
Correlation
Learned helplessness
Double blind study
13. When a baby begins to attach to their mother -he did research with ducks. He would take the place of the mother duck during this time of imprinting and the ducks would imprint to him.
Sampling(represents society as a whole - if you dont have a sample then the experiment will be messed up) - control(keep all the variables the same except the independent) - objectivity(some believe some dont) - publication(peer journals) - replicati
Lorenz - imprinting
Moral development
Assimilation
14. Relationship between two variables where they increase or decrease together ; example - number of calories and number of pounds gained
Positive correlation
Piaget
Identity diffusion
1st year ; development of trust
15. We inherit the tendencies to combine processes into coherent systems
Formal operation stage
Organizations
Cognitive reasoning
Late maturing girls
16. Age 6 to 11 years; during this stage the child begins school; if they are sucsessful in school they develop a sense of accomplishment ; these feelings may stay with a child throughout their entire life
Naturalistic observations
Industry vs inferiority
Intelligence
1. conservationism 2. De-centration 3. Reversibility
17. How to Piaget and Kohlberg differ?
Reversibility
Kohlberg believes that moral reasoning could be sped up by instruction; Piaget disagreed because he believes moral reasoning is tied into cognitive development and cognitive development cannot be sped up
Nature vs nurture
Initiative vs guilt
18. Piaget also found that young kids engage in __________; presume that everyone sees things or experiences things the same way as they do
Frequency distribution
Cognitive reasoning
Zone of Proximal Distance
Egocentric thinking
19. One individual is studied in dept for a long period of time (situations: you would use this - people in war - murder's - serial killers - multiple personalities)(children with skills to advanced for their age)
4 times - successful suicide
Stages
Individual case study
Stanine scores
20. Having the ability to focus on more than one quality at a time
Jane Mercer
Negative correlation
Decentration
Conservation
21. Talked about kids in schools that were only considered retarded during the 6 hours they were at school
Jane Mercer
Erikson's criticisms
Hartshore and May
Reversibility
22. At any point in a child's development there are problems that the child is just on the verge of being able to solve by them but they dont have quite enough skills to solve them themselves; however - if they are given assistance/guidance they are ofte
James Marcia
6 hour retardets
Kohlberg believes that moral reasoning could be sped up by instruction; Piaget disagreed because he believes moral reasoning is tied into cognitive development and cognitive development cannot be sped up
Zone of Proximal Distance
23. Piaget believes that the different thinking throughout childhood occurs in _______
4 times - successful suicide
Stages
Reliability
1. Identity diffusion 2. Moratorium 3. identity achievement 4. Identity foreclosure
24. Compare an individuals performance to that of his or her peers ; 1. they are objective 2. have predetermined answers 3. compare a student's performance to the performance of others 4. the performance is evaluated in terms of norms
Identity achievement
Preconventional morality
Norm reference test
Reversibility
25. Not only observe behavior - also manipulate it.
Naturalistic observations
Experimental methods
Preoperational stage
Standardized scores
26. IQ tests - interest tests - personality - etc.
Negative correlation
Contributions of Piaget
Sensorimotor stage
Different types of tests and surverys
27. When a child encounters a new experience that does not fit an existing scheme _________ becomes necessary
Initiative vs guilt
Stages
Language
Adaptation
28. believed that kids develop a sense of morality by going through stages
Kohlberg
Universal
Sandra bem
Different types of tests and surverys
29. Erikson believes the ____ year of life is a CRITICAL PERIOD for the development of ______
Testing
James Marcia
1st year ; development of trust
Invariant
30. Found that from an early age boys are encouraged to be competitive - to achieve - and to control the expression of their feelings; girls at an early age are encouraged to develop close relationhips - talk about their troubles - and show affection and
Validity
Identity foreclosure
Correlation
Jean Block
31. Goes from birth to age 1 - during this stage he believes the child begins to learn whether or not they can trust their world
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32. By the age of 9 _________ disappears because they reach the cognitive level where this form of speech does not need to guide their behavior or thinking any more
Testing
Erikson's contributions
Private speech
Pase vs Hannon
33. About 7 to 11 years old; this stage is a major turning point in a child's cognitive development ; child's thinking begins to resemble that of an adult more than that of a child ; child is able to utilize conservation - decentration - and reversibilit
Correlation
Concrete-operational stage
Sandra bem
Autonomy vs shame and doubt; if the child feelds overly criticized or punished or guilty the child may come out of this stage without autonomy and strong feelings of shame and doubt
34. These kids are only considered 'retarded' during the 6 hours they attend school; characteristics mostly male - minority - come from lower SES familes
6 hour retardets
Beverly Fargot
Decentration
Industry vs inferiority
35. Piaget didnt believe that _____ plays an imporant role in the child's cognitive development
Arthur JEnsen
Identity diffusion
Standard score (derived score)
Language
36. Most psychologists believe that intelligence is due to ___ ____; you cant prove which one is more or if they equal but they both play a role
Organization and adaptation
Reversibility
Nature vs nurture
Role confusions
37. Was influenced by the works of Erikson - talked about adolescents going through different identity statuses ( identity choices )
Individual case study - naturalistic observation - tests and surverys
Concrete-operational stage
James Marcia
1. sensorimotor stage 2. preoperational stage 3. concrete-operational stage 4. formal operation stage
38. Probably the most often looked at score when people look at reports
Grade equivalency score
Organization and adaptation
Scheme
1st year ; development of trust
39. Age of 12 to 15 years; during this stage the child will be going through adolescence and will develop a sense of ____ or _____ where they arent really sure how to behave or how to be accepted by other or who they are
6 hour retardets
Identity vs role confusion
Reversibility
Zone of Proximal Distance
40. The purpose of a ____ is to separate the performance of individuals so that there is a distribution of scores from the highest to the lowest score
Norm reference test ( ACT - GRE - IQ tests - in class exams - special education placement)
Beverly Fagot
Emotional intelligence
Negative correlation
41. Adolescents who do not feel a sense of crisis about their future career because they avoid thinking about it (lets party attitude)
Identity diffusion
Beverly Fargot
Correlation
Autonomy vs shame and doubt; if the child feelds overly criticized or punished or guilty the child may come out of this stage without autonomy and strong feelings of shame and doubt
42. Behavior being measured in experiment
Vygotsky calls this Private Speech
Dependent variable
Laray Pee case
Standard score (derived score)
43. What are the 4 cognitive stages developed by Piaget?
James Marcia
1. sensorimotor stage 2. preoperational stage 3. concrete-operational stage 4. formal operation stage
Piaget
Frequency distribution
44. What are Erkison's 8 psychosocial stages?
Naturalistic observations
Preoperational stage
1. trust vs mistrust 2.autonomy vs shame and doubt 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. identity vs role confusions
Post conventional morality
45. At a disadvantage - were popular with their peers and with boys but all things being equal they were likely to suffer from depression more likely to suffer from an eating disorder more likely to become suicidal ; gain weight earlier which is viewed a
Correlation
Independent variable
Early maturing girls
Grade equivalency score
46. An organized pattern of behavior or thought
Standard score (derived score)
Cognitive reasoning
Stages
Scheme
47. A derived score that indicates the percentage of people at or below this raw score
Standardized scores
Adaptation
Percentile score
4 times - successful suicide
48. Categories are 34% - 14% and 2% from the mean ; height - weight - intelligence - will fall under this
Early and late maturation
Equilibrium ( mental balance)
Normal curve
Organizations
49. Did research and used moral dellima stories like Kohlberg to compare males to females; discovered women showed more care/concern; men experience more of a feeling of justice being served
Language
Carol Gilligan
Reliability
Piaget
50. Two important factors you need to look at are _____ and _____
Intelligence
Concrete-operational stage
1. preconventional morality 2. conventional morality 3. post conventional morality
Reliability and validity
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