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Emergency Medicine

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe






2. Chronic anticoagulation - Coumadin - Pradaxa/Dabigatran (no meds to reverse it) - Lovenox - ESLD / alcoholism (lack clotting factors) - NSAIDS (increase risk PUD and blood thinning) - Smoking






3. Placenta previa - vaginal/cervical trauma - polyps - genital infections - hemorrhoids - onset of labor (no fetal distress) - placental abruption (have fetal distress)






4. U GIB - ** DARK STOOLS - above the ligament of Treitz: Esophageal varices - Dieulafoy lesion - PUD - Mallory Weiss Tear - LGIB: ** BRight red blood - below lig of Treitz AVM (Atrio-venous malformation) -Divertriculitis - Meckel's divertriculum - colo






5. Categorize based on severity: 1 to 5 1 - most severe: cyanotic/not breathing - unreseponsive or not talking 2 - MI (life threatening but talking) 3- appendicitis/ abdomino pelvic pain 4- ankle swelling - broken leg 5- suture removal Things you ca






6. Check Vital Signs

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7. 16-18 Gauge






8. LMA: Laryngeal Mask Airway - Cricothyroidotomy -surgical airway done as last resort when unable to maintain oxygenation with other methods






9. Gram negative - bad eggs - dairy - poultry. - S/S: bloody diarrhea - fever - abd pain - Resolves in 10-14 days.






10. Old age - chronic anticoagulation - divertriculosis






11. CDAB - Circulation (rapid CPR to reestablish circulation) - Defibrillaiton - Airway - Breathing - the main goal is to restore effective oxygenation -ventilation and circulation until return of spontaneous circulation or ACLS






12. Renal colic - due to passing of a stone thru the ureter (don't cause pain in the kidney - asymptomatic) - pain due to ureteral spasm and obstruction of urine M: F - 3: 1 prevalence - Stones smaller than 5 mm have 90% chance of passing alone






13. LAD - Left Anterior Descending Artery (anterior) - Diagonal branch of LAD (anterior) - Left Circumflex artery (posterior) - Obtuse Marginal Artery






14. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)






15. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa






16. Common complication after an AMI - S/S: edema - elevated JVP - hepatojugular reflux - pulm rales - rhochi - decrease BS - +/- cardiac murmurs - low O2 sat - elevated BNP






17. IVF - fill the tank - CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase - UA - HCG for females - surgery cx - Abd CT scan for adults - ultrasound for kids or to r/o ovarian pathology in females - NPO - Pain control - Pre op Antibiotics (Levo - Flagyl or Unasyn)






18. Pay attention to resp rate - breathing pattern (normal vs. agonic breaths) - O2 sats - goal is > 94% - Chest rise/tidal volume - Waveform Capnography: measures CO2 input and output. Best measure for assessing ventilation - Bag-valve-mask helps patie






19. Common STI- S/S: skin pustules - fever - monarticular septic arthritis. - may be asymptomatic in females - or cervicitis - PID Males: epididimytis - urethritis - prostatitis Dx: cervical or urethral culture swab Tx: Ceftriaxone IM x 1or Cefixime 4






20. Bp diffrence between R and L arms: > 20 difference in systolic or > 15 mm Hg difference in diastolic - Aortography - gold standard - CT scan with contrast - EKG - CXR - widended mediastinum - obliteraiton of aortic knowb - tracheal deviation - L hemo






21. No bleeding - no fetal cardiac activity - uterus small - os closed - retained fetal tissue - Tx: D and C - Can have sepsis due to retained tissue/ fetus. Treat with IV abx (ampicillin and gentamycin) - Can give Misoprostol and cytotec (to dilate cerv






22. Leads I - aVL - V4-V6 - Left circumflex artery






23. Start IVF resuscitaiton - IV access or IO as second option - Thready pulses indicate hypotension and poor perfusion - Check frequent BP to reassess






24. Sigmoid - volvulus: High risk patients: chronic constipation - elderly and debilitated patients - Dx: plain film - Tx: decompress with rectal tube - Cecal volvulus - see congenital hypermobile cecum. also dx with plain films






25. BRADYCARDIA - due to depressed SA node act or delayed conduction - excessive beta blockers - HR < 50 BPM - Tx: Atropine - Pacing ready / defibrillator prn - treat underlying cause (electrolyte imbalance - drugs - hypothermia)






26. Causes: Alcohol - gallstones - high triglycerides - hypercalcemia - drugs - mumps - trauma Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - amylase - lipase - EKG Ultrasound CT scan IVF - IVF - IVF!!! NPO Pain control - anti emetics






27. For any chest pain due to COCAINE USE!!! (because cocaine makes the arteries spasm)






28. Reassess circulation: compression - check cardiac rhythm - pulse - give meds to help Bp or rhythm prn - Monitor Oxygen and IV - DDx -goalis to find and treat reversible causes






29. On ANY FEMALE WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN- including bimanual vagino-rectal exam






30. Rectal exam for EVERYONE with belly pain - EKG (don't want to r/o MI) - Labs: CBC - chem 7 - PTT - blood type and screen/cross (in case need blood transfusion) - H Pylori: Rapid urease test or IgG / IgM - Endoscopy for UGIB (can be done in ED) - Colo






31. Spontaneous abortion - Never CALL IT ABORTION IN FRONT OF PATIENT






32. Fluid filled sacs within the ovary - Common in infancy and teens - Causes: ovarian stimulation (in vitro fertilization) - hypothyroid - prego - PCOS






33. Def: Defect in the intimal layer of the aorta allows for blood to enter space between vascular layers - Risk actors: age - HTN - Connective tissue dz (marphans) - bicuspid aortic valve - coarctation of the aorta - inflam dz of aorta - atherosclerosi






34. Due to chromosomal abnormalities - check Rubella a) Threatened abortion if - 1st trimester vag bleed - < 20 weeks GA - os closed - membranes intact - some cramping. Tx - pelvic rest - bed rest - close OB GYN f/you b) Inevitable abortion - if < 20 wee






35. Most due to E coli - Lower UTI - bladder and /or urethra - Upper UTI: bladder - urethra and kidneys (so ureters to) S/S: dysuria - urgency and frequency - may be asymptomatic in prego - elderly and immunosuppressed - may see confusion or AMS Tx: Uri






36. Gram negative - contaminated salads (mayo) - dairy - mean. Severe Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)'






37. MONA - morphine - oxygen - nitroglycerin (sublingual or IV) -Aspirin 325 mg (consider Integrilin in high risk patients) - Beta Blocker (metoprolol) - decrease streght of heart contractility within first hour - Cardiology cx --> PCI vs surgery prn? -






38. Risk Factors: PID - Mirena IUD - tubal surgery - pelvic surgery - endometriosis - IVF -DES exposure S/S - R or L adnexal tenderness - R shoulder pain could be referred pain from intraabdominal hemorrhage (gallbladder - liver also) - Workup -CBC - C






39. Directly invades the intestine - s/s abd pain - watery or bloody diarrhea - vomiting






40. Given to any woman that is Rh Negative who is HCG positive and has any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy - to Rh Negative patients (prevent formation of anti Rh antibodies - against baby)






41. O2 - 2 large bore IV's: IVF with crystalloid (NS or LR) - type and screen crossmatch - transfuse prn - OB GYN cx ASAP






42. Stable - predictible pattern of chest pain w/ exertion or stress. Relieved by rest or Nitro. Lasts 15 sec to 15 min UNSTABLE - any change in character or time of the angina - ANGINA AT REST - NEW ONSET - ANGINA MORE FREQUENT OR SEVERE. - Unstable a






43. Cysts rupture and cause pelvic bleeding --> peritonitis --> hypotension --> shock S/S: unilateral sharp - lower abd pain - work up: IVF w. crystalloids - - O2 prn - CBC - chem 7 - HCG - UA - ABO/Rh - PT/PTT - Pelvic ultrasound with color doppler fl






44. Ovary torsion causes venous and arterial obstruction leading to ischemia and obstruction - At risk: long fallopian tubes - pregnancy - enlarged ovaries - ovarian tumors - tubal surgery - large ovarian cysts **anything that enlarges the ovary! - S/S:






45. Shock to electrically terminate abnormal heart rate and restart. - The earlier a fibrillating heart is defibrillated - the more successful (survival drops by 10% with each minute)






46. II - III - aVF - Means RCA involved






47. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT: assess if airway is obstructed vs. open - look for foreign body - vomit - blood. - JAW THRUST - if C-spine injury suspected - 30 compressions for every 2 breaths - Give one breath every 5-6 sections (don't over-ventilate the pat






48. 'trier' - to separate - sift or select based on priority of condition






49. Chinese food bug - Fever - abdo pain - blood diarrhea - lasts x 1 week.Get from dirty wateror poultry - may cause/trigger Guillan Barre






50. V1-V2 Right Posterior Descending Artery