Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prolonged/ more severe angina that doens't resolve with rest - 50% triggered by event: stress - exercise - surgery - illness - More common in early am - substernal pain elephant in chest - crushing - heavy +/- radiation to left arm - jaw - neck - may






2. Placenta previa - vaginal/cervical trauma - polyps - genital infections - hemorrhoids - onset of labor (no fetal distress) - placental abruption (have fetal distress)






3. Chinese food bug - Fever - abdo pain - blood diarrhea - lasts x 1 week.Get from dirty wateror poultry - may cause/trigger Guillan Barre






4. life threatening pericardial effusion -S/S: muffled heart sounds - JVD - hypotension - pulsus paradoxus - Water bottle heart on CXR - ellarged heart Tx: peicardiocentesis






5. Due to HSV-1 S/S: painful vesicles after 1-2 weeks of exposure - HA - fever - dysuria - myalgias. First outbreak lasts 2-3 weeks - likely to recur DxL PCR from vesicular fluid Tx: Acyclovir 400 mg po TID x 2 weeks or Valacyclovir x 10 days. Most pat






6. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT: assess if airway is obstructed vs. open - look for foreign body - vomit - blood. - JAW THRUST - if C-spine injury suspected - 30 compressions for every 2 breaths - Give one breath every 5-6 sections (don't over-ventilate the pat






7. At presentation: Age > 55 - WBC > 16 K - Glucose > 200 - LDH > 350 - AST > 250 At 48 hours - fall in HCT > 10 - increase in BUN > 5 - Ca < 8 - PaO2 < 60 - fluid deficit > 6 L

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


8. LAD - Left Anterior Descending Artery (anterior) - Diagonal branch of LAD (anterior) - Left Circumflex artery (posterior) - Obtuse Marginal Artery






9. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act - hospitals are obligated to screen/treat a patient in the ER regardless of insurance - if a emergency medical condition exists - they must stabilize the patient before transferring or d/c the patient






10. Same as Early miscarriage - os open - bleeding - but some POC's (prod of conception) expelled. TX: D & C Complete AB: same as miscariage - but OS closed and all POC's expelled






11. Charcot's Triad - Fever - Jaundice - RUQ pain - bacteria enters the biliary tract thru Sphincter of Oddi - Increase risk after sphincterotomy - cholecochal surgery or biliary stent Dx: with ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography






12. Directly invades the intestine - s/s abd pain - watery or bloody diarrhea - vomiting






13. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa






14. RUQ/epigastric pain - lasts 30 min to 6 hours - once gallbladder contracts and it relieves the obstruction - pain resolves - NO Fever






15. Due to chromosomal abnormalities - check Rubella a) Threatened abortion if - 1st trimester vag bleed - < 20 weeks GA - os closed - membranes intact - some cramping. Tx - pelvic rest - bed rest - close OB GYN f/you b) Inevitable abortion - if < 20 wee






16. For any chest pain due to COCAINE USE!!! (because cocaine makes the arteries spasm)






17. V1-V2 Right Posterior Descending Artery






18. IVF - fill the tank - CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase - UA - HCG for females - surgery cx - Abd CT scan for adults - ultrasound for kids or to r/o ovarian pathology in females - NPO - Pain control - Pre op Antibiotics (Levo - Flagyl or Unasyn)






19. MONA - morphine - oxygen - nitroglycerin (sublingual or IV) -Aspirin 325 mg (consider Integrilin in high risk patients) - Beta Blocker (metoprolol) - decrease streght of heart contractility within first hour - Cardiology cx --> PCI vs surgery prn? -






20. All cardiac arrest patients get 100% O2 - Room air= 21% - Nasal cannula O2 - raises FiO2 by 2-3% per liter. Normally give 1-6 Liters/minute - Non-rebreather mask --> you are receiving 100% O2






21. Reassess circulation: compression - check cardiac rhythm - pulse - give meds to help Bp or rhythm prn - Monitor Oxygen and IV - DDx -goalis to find and treat reversible causes






22. Spontaneous abortion - Never CALL IT ABORTION IN FRONT OF PATIENT






23. Ovary torsion causes venous and arterial obstruction leading to ischemia and obstruction - At risk: long fallopian tubes - pregnancy - enlarged ovaries - ovarian tumors - tubal surgery - large ovarian cysts **anything that enlarges the ovary! - S/S:






24. Stable - NOT ruptured - vitals stable - no drop in H/H - no pain or tenderness Tx - with Methotrexate per OB GYN - inhibits folate so cells stop multiplying (used in RA and cancers) Don't use Methotrexate if fetal HR identified - Unstable - RUPTURED






25. Renal colic - due to passing of a stone thru the ureter (don't cause pain in the kidney - asymptomatic) - pain due to ureteral spasm and obstruction of urine M: F - 3: 1 prevalence - Stones smaller than 5 mm have 90% chance of passing alone






26. Pay attention to resp rate - breathing pattern (normal vs. agonic breaths) - O2 sats - goal is > 94% - Chest rise/tidal volume - Waveform Capnography: measures CO2 input and output. Best measure for assessing ventilation - Bag-valve-mask helps patie






27. U GIB - ** DARK STOOLS - above the ligament of Treitz: Esophageal varices - Dieulafoy lesion - PUD - Mallory Weiss Tear - LGIB: ** BRight red blood - below lig of Treitz AVM (Atrio-venous malformation) -Divertriculitis - Meckel's divertriculum - colo






28. Chronic anticoagulation - Coumadin - Pradaxa/Dabigatran (no meds to reverse it) - Lovenox - ESLD / alcoholism (lack clotting factors) - NSAIDS (increase risk PUD and blood thinning) - Smoking






29. Fluid filled sacs within the ovary - Common in infancy and teens - Causes: ovarian stimulation (in vitro fertilization) - hypothyroid - prego - PCOS






30. leading caUse of death inUS - Includes angina (stable and unstable) and MI (STEMI vs NSTEMI) - risk factors: HTN - Hyperlipidemia - smoking - DM - fam hx under age 55 - advanced age - males and postmenopausal females - Patho: atherosclerosis of arter






31. Bp diffrence between R and L arms: > 20 difference in systolic or > 15 mm Hg difference in diastolic - Aortography - gold standard - CT scan with contrast - EKG - CXR - widended mediastinum - obliteraiton of aortic knowb - tracheal deviation - L hemo






32. Abd pain: varies - achy - burning - Melena: dark - tarry stool (UGIB) - Hematemesis - vomiting blood - Hematochezia - BRBPR - Hypotension - tachycardia - Pallor - Guaiac + rectal exam






33. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe






34. Categorize based on severity: 1 to 5 1 - most severe: cyanotic/not breathing - unreseponsive or not talking 2 - MI (life threatening but talking) 3- appendicitis/ abdomino pelvic pain 4- ankle swelling - broken leg 5- suture removal Things you ca






35. Bilateral carotid and femoral pulses = most reliable - No pulse - start CPR immediately (2 minutes fast and hard and then swhich out)- Never stop doing CPR until pulse is present (CPR while defibrillator is charging - stop for electric discharge - an






36. Elevated Bp with signs of end organ damage to brain - eyes - heart or kidney. - Organ damage risk increases when diastolic Bp > 115-130 - HTN urgency if see high Bp but no signs of organ damage yet - Get a head CT ASAP!! Symptoms: Head: HA - confusio






37. Especially O157: H7 causes enterohemorrhagic diarrhea. Inundercooked beef - complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome and TTP






38. Start IVF resuscitaiton - IV access or IO as second option - Thready pulses indicate hypotension and poor perfusion - Check frequent BP to reassess






39. Common complication after an AMI - S/S: edema - elevated JVP - hepatojugular reflux - pulm rales - rhochi - decrease BS - +/- cardiac murmurs - low O2 sat - elevated BNP






40. Often a complicaiton of a patient with ACS (often s/p AMI) - HR > 100 BPM - Dx: Look for P waves to see a fib vs a flutter - Tx: Adenosine to slow heart for diagnostic purposes - always check TSH - classifications: narrow complex vs wide complex - re






41. Stable - predictible pattern of chest pain w/ exertion or stress. Relieved by rest or Nitro. Lasts 15 sec to 15 min UNSTABLE - any change in character or time of the angina - ANGINA AT REST - NEW ONSET - ANGINA MORE FREQUENT OR SEVERE. - Unstable a






42. Gram negative - bad eggs - dairy - poultry. - S/S: bloody diarrhea - fever - abd pain - Resolves in 10-14 days.






43. On ANY FEMALE WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN- including bimanual vagino-rectal exam






44. Risk Factors: PID - Mirena IUD - tubal surgery - pelvic surgery - endometriosis - IVF -DES exposure S/S - R or L adnexal tenderness - R shoulder pain could be referred pain from intraabdominal hemorrhage (gallbladder - liver also) - Workup -CBC - C






45. Common STI - similar presentation as Gonorrhea - may have pus when milking urethra - Common caUse of infertility - Dx: PCR of urine - fluorescent antibody testing - cervical or urethral culture swab - Tx: Asithromycin 1 g po x 1 or Doxy x 7 days (at






46. Inflammation of the pericardial sac with or without effusion - S/S: sharp - pleuritic chest pain that's worse when laying down - pericardial friction rub on exam - ST elevations in ALL leads!!! - depressed PR intervals






47. Rare STI - increaseing now - due to AIDs - S/S - rash or chancre - serologic testing of blood or CSF - TxL Benzathine penicillin or Doxy x 2 weeks






48. Def: Defect in the intimal layer of the aorta allows for blood to enter space between vascular layers - Risk actors: age - HTN - Connective tissue dz (marphans) - bicuspid aortic valve - coarctation of the aorta - inflam dz of aorta - atherosclerosi






49. School/work outbreak - Common viruses: rotavirus - norwalk - adenovirus - astrovirus - last 24 to 48 hours - ALWAYS DX as VOMITING AND DIARRHEA - never use the term viral gastroenteritis (CYA medicine) Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lIpase - UA - general






50. CDAB - Circulation (rapid CPR to reestablish circulation) - Defibrillaiton - Airway - Breathing - the main goal is to restore effective oxygenation -ventilation and circulation until return of spontaneous circulation or ACLS