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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Common STI- S/S: skin pustules - fever - monarticular septic arthritis. - may be asymptomatic in females - or cervicitis - PID Males: epididimytis - urethritis - prostatitis Dx: cervical or urethral culture swab Tx: Ceftriaxone IM x 1or Cefixime 4
Gonorrhea
ED work up for cholecystitis
UTI
The vital signs
2. ABC's - IV - O2 - cardiac monitor - Diuretics - Lasix - Lasix naive patients start at 20 mg IV - chronic users start at 40 mg IV - Morphine - Nitro if pain - Pressors prn
Tx of CHF
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Volvulus
LCA
3. Pay attention to resp rate - breathing pattern (normal vs. agonic breaths) - O2 sats - goal is > 94% - Chest rise/tidal volume - Waveform Capnography: measures CO2 input and output. Best measure for assessing ventilation - Bag-valve-mask helps patie
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
Breathing
How to monitor CDAB
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
4. Spontaneous abortion - Never CALL IT ABORTION IN FRONT OF PATIENT
Common Presentation of GIB
When is Rho GAM used
EMTALA
Miscarriage
5. Common complication after an AMI - S/S: edema - elevated JVP - hepatojugular reflux - pulm rales - rhochi - decrease BS - +/- cardiac murmurs - low O2 sat - elevated BNP
Miscarriage
CHF
ED Tx of GIB
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
6. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)
Posterior
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
Pain scale for infants
Contraindications for thrombolytics
7. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
ED work up for cholecystitis
Common risk factors for UGIB
Ovarian Cysts
8. Rectal exam for EVERYONE with belly pain - EKG (don't want to r/o MI) - Labs: CBC - chem 7 - PTT - blood type and screen/cross (in case need blood transfusion) - H Pylori: Rapid urease test or IgG / IgM - Endoscopy for UGIB (can be done in ED) - Colo
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
GIB work up
Common risk factors for UGIB
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
9. Especially O157: H7 causes enterohemorrhagic diarrhea. Inundercooked beef - complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome and TTP
Genital Herpes
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Common risk factors for UGIB
How to assess Airway
10. Fluid filled sacs within the ovary - Common in infancy and teens - Causes: ovarian stimulation (in vitro fertilization) - hypothyroid - prego - PCOS
Ovarian Cysts
Testicular Torsion
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Appendicitis
11. Often a complicaiton of a patient with ACS (often s/p AMI) - HR > 100 BPM - Dx: Look for P waves to see a fib vs a flutter - Tx: Adenosine to slow heart for diagnostic purposes - always check TSH - classifications: narrow complex vs wide complex - re
Tachycardia
Pain scale for infants
STEMI vs Nstemi
Chlamydia
12. Active internal bleeding - hx hemorrhagic stroke/TIA in the past year - Intracranial tumor - AV malformation or aneurysm - suspected aortic dissection or tamponade - Severe bleeding disorder - Head trauma - Intracranial procedure
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Missed Abortion
Incidence of AMI
13. V1-V2 Right Posterior Descending Artery
Posterior
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Miscarriage
Divertriculitis
14. Premature separation of the implanted placenta - S/S: abdominal pain - dark vaginal bleeding -hypertonic and tender uterus - fetal distress - may see signs of shock without visible bleeding if intrauterine bleeding Risk factors: HTN - pelvic trauma -
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Placental Abruption
Lateral Leads
Ranson's criteria
15. Chinese food bug - Fever - abdo pain - blood diarrhea - lasts x 1 week.Get from dirty wateror poultry - may cause/trigger Guillan Barre
Testicular Torsion
What to do with weak/thready pulses
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
16. RUQ/epigastric pain - lasts 30 min to 6 hours - once gallbladder contracts and it relieves the obstruction - pain resolves - NO Fever
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Define Biliary colic
Endocarditis
Ovarian Torsion
17. II - III - aVF - Means RCA involved
ED work up for cholecystitis
Types of GI bleeds
Incomplete abortion
Inferior leads
18. IVF - fill the tank - CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase - UA - HCG for females - surgery cx - Abd CT scan for adults - ultrasound for kids or to r/o ovarian pathology in females - NPO - Pain control - Pre op Antibiotics (Levo - Flagyl or Unasyn)
How to assess Airway
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Defibrillation
Appendicitis work up
19. IVF w crystalloid CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lipase - UA - urine cx - HCG - Abdominal/pelvis CT with NO CONTRAST (if suspect a stone) - Ultrasound is an alternative - will show hydronephrosis - Pain control - Dilaudid 1 mg IV - Toradol 30 mg IV (caution
Incidence of AMI
ED workup of kidney stones
Syphillis
The vital signs
20. life threatening pericardial effusion -S/S: muffled heart sounds - JVD - hypotension - pulsus paradoxus - Water bottle heart on CXR - ellarged heart Tx: peicardiocentesis
Cardiac Tamponade
STEMI vs Nstemi
Urosepsis
Additional cardiac Tests
21. Shock to electrically terminate abnormal heart rate and restart. - The earlier a fibrillating heart is defibrillated - the more successful (survival drops by 10% with each minute)
Where to check pulses
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Incomplete abortion
Defibrillation
22. Obstruction of appendiceal lumen (fecalith) - leads to edema - ischemia - infection - necrosis - ? perf and peritonitis - +Rosvig's sign (push and feel on opposite side)
Appendicitis
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
Triage
Acute Coronary syndrome
23. Major criteria (2 each) - Positive blood cultures - Positive echo - Mass or abscess pressent Minor criteria - fevers - IVDU - roth spot (retinal hemorrhage) - Janeway lesions (nails) - Ostlers nodes (painful raised lesions on hands and feet)
LCA
Other major arteries
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
24. Due to HSV-1 S/S: painful vesicles after 1-2 weeks of exposure - HA - fever - dysuria - myalgias. First outbreak lasts 2-3 weeks - likely to recur DxL PCR from vesicular fluid Tx: Acyclovir 400 mg po TID x 2 weeks or Valacyclovir x 10 days. Most pat
Common Presentation of GIB
Genital Herpes
Incomplete abortion
Acute Coronary syndrome
25. Check Vital Signs
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26. O2 and monitor sats - 2 large bore IV's (min 18G) - w/ Normal saline orLR -Blood transfusion prn - give PRBC - 1 unit of PRBC raises Hcrt 3 points - goal is HCRT > 30 - Hold coumadin if INR 5 or less OR reverse with Vit K or Free Frozen plasma if INR
Common risk factors for LGIB
Ovarian Cysts
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
ED Tx of GIB
27. Accounts for 20% o all 3rd trimester bleeding - Placenta overlaps with the cervix near the os (complete - partial - vaginal -low lying) - S/s: bright red vaginal bleeding - painless - NO NOT PERFORM VAGINAL DIGITAL EXAM - risk factors: prior c sect
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Placenta Previa
28. Gram negative - bad eggs - dairy - poultry. - S/S: bloody diarrhea - fever - abd pain - Resolves in 10-14 days.
Ovarian Cysts
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
LCA
Ranson's criteria
29. No bleeding - no fetal cardiac activity - uterus small - os closed - retained fetal tissue - Tx: D and C - Can have sepsis due to retained tissue/ fetus. Treat with IV abx (ampicillin and gentamycin) - Can give Misoprostol and cytotec (to dilate cerv
Cardiac Tamponade
Missed Abortion
Stable vs unstable angina`
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
30. leading caUse of death inUS - Includes angina (stable and unstable) and MI (STEMI vs NSTEMI) - risk factors: HTN - Hyperlipidemia - smoking - DM - fam hx under age 55 - advanced age - males and postmenopausal females - Patho: atherosclerosis of arter
Placenta Previa
Pericarditis
Acute Coronary syndrome
Where to check pulses
31. Given to any woman that is Rh Negative who is HCG positive and has any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy - to Rh Negative patients (prevent formation of anti Rh antibodies - against baby)
Ascending Cholangitis
When is Rho GAM used
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
UTI
32. 16-18 Gauge
What is a large bore IV?
Other major arteries
Pancreatitis work up
Incidence of AMI
33. Explosive - frothy and foul smellng diarrhea - Entamoeba hystlytica - crypto - isospora (HIV)
Pain scale for infants
LCA
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Stable vs unstable angina`
34. Infection of endocardium and/or heart valves due to Strep bacteria (viridans or aureus) and HACEK species - Risk factors: IVDU - structural heart abomality - prosthetic valve - rheumatic heart dz - HIV Tx: IV antibioticx x 4 weeks
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Endocarditis
Appendicitis work up
What should be done after CDAB's
35. On ANY FEMALE WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN- including bimanual vagino-rectal exam
When to do a pelvic exam
Pericarditis
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
Breathing
36. Start IVF resuscitaiton - IV access or IO as second option - Thready pulses indicate hypotension and poor perfusion - Check frequent BP to reassess
Gonorrhea
Ranson's criteria
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Incomplete abortion
37. Most due to E coli - Lower UTI - bladder and /or urethra - Upper UTI: bladder - urethra and kidneys (so ureters to) S/S: dysuria - urgency and frequency - may be asymptomatic in prego - elderly and immunosuppressed - may see confusion or AMS Tx: Uri
Placental Abruption
Where to check pulses
UTI
GIB work up
38. Abd pain: varies - achy - burning - Melena: dark - tarry stool (UGIB) - Hematemesis - vomiting blood - Hematochezia - BRBPR - Hypotension - tachycardia - Pallor - Guaiac + rectal exam
Common Presentation of GIB
RCA
Chlamydia
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
39. Placenta previa - vaginal/cervical trauma - polyps - genital infections - hemorrhoids - onset of labor (no fetal distress) - placental abruption (have fetal distress)
Divertriculitis
How to monitor CDAB
Gonorrhea
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
40. Sepsis due to urologic infection - common in elderly - 2 large bore IV - crystalloid IVF - Blood cultures - IV antibiotics - hosptial admission
SBO
Urosepsis
STEMI vs Nstemi
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
41. MONA - morphine - oxygen - nitroglycerin (sublingual or IV) -Aspirin 325 mg (consider Integrilin in high risk patients) - Beta Blocker (metoprolol) - decrease streght of heart contractility within first hour - Cardiology cx --> PCI vs surgery prn? -
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Pain scale for infants
Types of GI bleeds
Tx of Unstable Angina
42. Incarcerated - means cannot reduce - Strangulated - bowel edema is compromosing blood flow
Ranson's criteria
Chlamydia
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Missed Abortion
43. At presentation: Age > 55 - WBC > 16 K - Glucose > 200 - LDH > 350 - AST > 250 At 48 hours - fall in HCT > 10 - increase in BUN > 5 - Ca < 8 - PaO2 < 60 - fluid deficit > 6 L
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44. Due to chromosomal abnormalities - check Rubella a) Threatened abortion if - 1st trimester vag bleed - < 20 weeks GA - os closed - membranes intact - some cramping. Tx - pelvic rest - bed rest - close OB GYN f/you b) Inevitable abortion - if < 20 wee
Common risk factors for LGIB
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
CHF
Urosepsis
45. 'trier' - to separate - sift or select based on priority of condition
Cardiac Enzymes
Triage
When is Rho GAM used
How to monitor CDAB
46. School/work outbreak - Common viruses: rotavirus - norwalk - adenovirus - astrovirus - last 24 to 48 hours - ALWAYS DX as VOMITING AND DIARRHEA - never use the term viral gastroenteritis (CYA medicine) Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lIpase - UA - general
Ovarian Torsion
What is a large bore IV?
Viral Gastroenteritis
Syphillis
47. Stable - predictible pattern of chest pain w/ exertion or stress. Relieved by rest or Nitro. Lasts 15 sec to 15 min UNSTABLE - any change in character or time of the angina - ANGINA AT REST - NEW ONSET - ANGINA MORE FREQUENT OR SEVERE. - Unstable a
Acute Coronary syndrome
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Stable vs unstable angina`
ED Tx of GIB
48. Testis twists on a spermatic cord - restore blood flow in 6 hours or may have infertility - common at puberty and in 1 year olds - High risk - Bell Clapper Deformity (tunica vaginalis isterts high on the spermatic cord) - horizontal lie spermatic cor
Testicular Torsion
Placental Abruption
EKG changes
Missed Abortion
49. LAD - Left Anterior Descending Artery (anterior) - Diagonal branch of LAD (anterior) - Left Circumflex artery (posterior) - Obtuse Marginal Artery
Other major arteries
Contraindications for thrombolytics
ED Tx of GIB
How to monitor CDAB
50. BRADYCARDIA - due to depressed SA node act or delayed conduction - excessive beta blockers - HR < 50 BPM - Tx: Atropine - Pacing ready / defibrillator prn - treat underlying cause (electrolyte imbalance - drugs - hypothermia)
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Triage
Bradycardia
Acute Mesenteric Ishemia