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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. HR/pulse: 60-100 - Bp: 120/80 - Resp rate: 16-20 - Temp 97-99 - O2 sat > 94% - Pain!!! - 6th vital sign
GIB work up
The vital signs
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Breathing
2. Coffee bean signs on KUB for sigmoid volvulus - can also have cecal volvulus - 10% of LBO are sigmoid volvulus
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
Incidence of AMI
The vital signs
3. II - III - aVF - Means RCA involved
Breathing
Inferior leads
Types of GI bleeds
Volvulus
4. Def: Defect in the intimal layer of the aorta allows for blood to enter space between vascular layers - Risk actors: age - HTN - Connective tissue dz (marphans) - bicuspid aortic valve - coarctation of the aorta - inflam dz of aorta - atherosclerosi
Ranson's criteria
Tachycardia
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Cardiac Enzymes
5. Major criteria (2 each) - Positive blood cultures - Positive echo - Mass or abscess pressent Minor criteria - fevers - IVDU - roth spot (retinal hemorrhage) - Janeway lesions (nails) - Ostlers nodes (painful raised lesions on hands and feet)
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
LCA
How to assess Airway
6. Due to chromosomal abnormalities - check Rubella a) Threatened abortion if - 1st trimester vag bleed - < 20 weeks GA - os closed - membranes intact - some cramping. Tx - pelvic rest - bed rest - close OB GYN f/you b) Inevitable abortion - if < 20 wee
How to assess Airway
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
Divertriculitis
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
7. LAD - Left Anterior Descending Artery (anterior) - Diagonal branch of LAD (anterior) - Left Circumflex artery (posterior) - Obtuse Marginal Artery
When is Rho GAM used
Other major arteries
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
8. Renal colic - due to passing of a stone thru the ureter (don't cause pain in the kidney - asymptomatic) - pain due to ureteral spasm and obstruction of urine M: F - 3: 1 prevalence - Stones smaller than 5 mm have 90% chance of passing alone
EMTALA
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Common risk factors for LGIB
Kidney Stones
9. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Stable vs unstable angina`
Where to check pulses
10. Main cause - hernias and adhesions. Other causes: CA - IBD - bezoar - gallstones - intussusception - Ascaris worm if travel - - Diagnostic Tests = KUB --> look or air/ fluid - levels and dilated loops of bowel - also CT scan Labs: CBC - chem 7 - LF
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
SBO
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
11. Sigmoid - volvulus: High risk patients: chronic constipation - elderly and debilitated patients - Dx: plain film - Tx: decompress with rectal tube - Cecal volvulus - see congenital hypermobile cecum. also dx with plain films
Volvulus
Endocarditis
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Urosepsis
12. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)
Triage
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Additional cardiac Tests
Pain scale for infants
13. Directly invades the intestine - s/s abd pain - watery or bloody diarrhea - vomiting
Divertriculitis
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Cardiac Enzymes
14. Pay attention to resp rate - breathing pattern (normal vs. agonic breaths) - O2 sats - goal is > 94% - Chest rise/tidal volume - Waveform Capnography: measures CO2 input and output. Best measure for assessing ventilation - Bag-valve-mask helps patie
Divertriculitis
Appendicitis work up
Breathing
What to do with weak/thready pulses
15. Cysts rupture and cause pelvic bleeding --> peritonitis --> hypotension --> shock S/S: unilateral sharp - lower abd pain - work up: IVF w. crystalloids - - O2 prn - CBC - chem 7 - HCG - UA - ABO/Rh - PT/PTT - Pelvic ultrasound with color doppler fl
How to assess Airway
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
ED Tx of GIB
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
16. life threatening pericardial effusion -S/S: muffled heart sounds - JVD - hypotension - pulsus paradoxus - Water bottle heart on CXR - ellarged heart Tx: peicardiocentesis
UTI
Cardiac Tamponade
Appendicitis
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
17. Causes: Alcohol - gallstones - high triglycerides - hypercalcemia - drugs - mumps - trauma Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - amylase - lipase - EKG Ultrasound CT scan IVF - IVF - IVF!!! NPO Pain control - anti emetics
Pancreatitis work up
Gonorrhea
Common Presentation of GIB
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
18. V1-V3 - V2-V4 Means LAD (left anterior descending) involved
Tx of CHF
Posterior
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
CHF
19. Fluid filled sacs within the ovary - Common in infancy and teens - Causes: ovarian stimulation (in vitro fertilization) - hypothyroid - prego - PCOS
Ovarian Cysts
Triage
Cardiac Enzymes
Volvulus
20. Most due to E coli - Lower UTI - bladder and /or urethra - Upper UTI: bladder - urethra and kidneys (so ureters to) S/S: dysuria - urgency and frequency - may be asymptomatic in prego - elderly and immunosuppressed - may see confusion or AMS Tx: Uri
Tachycardia
Ovarian Cysts
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
UTI
21. Gram negative - contaminated salads (mayo) - dairy - mean. Severe Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)'
How to monitor CDAB
Common risk factors for LGIB
When to do a pelvic exam
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
22. Rectal exam for EVERYONE with belly pain - EKG (don't want to r/o MI) - Labs: CBC - chem 7 - PTT - blood type and screen/cross (in case need blood transfusion) - H Pylori: Rapid urease test or IgG / IgM - Endoscopy for UGIB (can be done in ED) - Colo
GIB work up
What is a large bore IV?
The vital signs
Volvulus
23. For any chest pain due to COCAINE USE!!! (because cocaine makes the arteries spasm)
Hypertensive Emergency
ED Tx of GIB
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
24. Old age - chronic anticoagulation - divertriculosis
GIB work up
Common risk factors for LGIB
Tx of Unstable Angina
Placental Abruption
25. Premature separation of the implanted placenta - S/S: abdominal pain - dark vaginal bleeding -hypertonic and tender uterus - fetal distress - may see signs of shock without visible bleeding if intrauterine bleeding Risk factors: HTN - pelvic trauma -
Placental Abruption
Advanced airway techniques
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Common Presentation of GIB
26. All cardiac arrest patients get 100% O2 - Room air= 21% - Nasal cannula O2 - raises FiO2 by 2-3% per liter. Normally give 1-6 Liters/minute - Non-rebreather mask --> you are receiving 100% O2
Ovarian Cysts
Supplemental O2
The vital signs
What should be done after CDAB's
27. Obstruction of appendiceal lumen (fecalith) - leads to edema - ischemia - infection - necrosis - ? perf and peritonitis - +Rosvig's sign (push and feel on opposite side)
Tx of CHF
ED work up for cholecystitis
Emergency Severity Index
Appendicitis
28. Often embolic phenomenon triggered by afib or endocarditis - 6 P's: Pain - pallor - paralysis - paresthesias - poikilothermia - pulselessness - DX: dopplers with ABI - ankle brachial index
Testicular Torsion
CHF
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Breathing
29. Ovary torsion causes venous and arterial obstruction leading to ischemia and obstruction - At risk: long fallopian tubes - pregnancy - enlarged ovaries - ovarian tumors - tubal surgery - large ovarian cysts **anything that enlarges the ovary! - S/S:
How to monitor CDAB
Where to check pulses
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
Ovarian Torsion
30. Placenta previa - vaginal/cervical trauma - polyps - genital infections - hemorrhoids - onset of labor (no fetal distress) - placental abruption (have fetal distress)
STEMI vs Nstemi
Ovarian Torsion
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Bradycardia
31. Same as Early miscarriage - os open - bleeding - but some POC's (prod of conception) expelled. TX: D & C Complete AB: same as miscariage - but OS closed and all POC's expelled
Incomplete abortion
Tx of Unstable Angina
Ectopic Pregnancy
EKG changes
32. Explosive - frothy and foul smellng diarrhea - Entamoeba hystlytica - crypto - isospora (HIV)
Viral Gastroenteritis
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Ovarian Cysts
Appendicitis
33. Spontaneous abortion - Never CALL IT ABORTION IN FRONT OF PATIENT
CHF
Cardiac Tamponade
Miscarriage
What should be done after CDAB's
34. 'trier' - to separate - sift or select based on priority of condition
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Triage
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
35. School/work outbreak - Common viruses: rotavirus - norwalk - adenovirus - astrovirus - last 24 to 48 hours - ALWAYS DX as VOMITING AND DIARRHEA - never use the term viral gastroenteritis (CYA medicine) Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lIpase - UA - general
Viral Gastroenteritis
Pericarditis
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
36. ABC's - IV - O2 - cardiac monitor - Diuretics - Lasix - Lasix naive patients start at 20 mg IV - chronic users start at 40 mg IV - Morphine - Nitro if pain - Pressors prn
Tx of CHF
Ranson's criteria
LCA
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
37. Troponin T or I - mores specific for heart. Tropoinin I stays elevated for 7-10 days - Troponin T stays elevated for 10-14 days - CK - MB: - peaks 20 hours after AMI (specific to cardiac muscle) - CPK - measures muscle breakdown so nonspecific
Tx of Unstable Angina
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Kidney Stones
Cardiac Enzymes
38. No bleeding - no fetal cardiac activity - uterus small - os closed - retained fetal tissue - Tx: D and C - Can have sepsis due to retained tissue/ fetus. Treat with IV abx (ampicillin and gentamycin) - Can give Misoprostol and cytotec (to dilate cerv
When is Rho GAM used
Lateral Leads
Missed Abortion
Common Presentation of GIB
39. O2 - 2 large bore IV's: IVF with crystalloid (NS or LR) - type and screen crossmatch - transfuse prn - OB GYN cx ASAP
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Viral Gastroenteritis
Syphillis
40. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT: assess if airway is obstructed vs. open - look for foreign body - vomit - blood. - JAW THRUST - if C-spine injury suspected - 30 compressions for every 2 breaths - Give one breath every 5-6 sections (don't over-ventilate the pat
When to do a pelvic exam
Genital Herpes
Define Biliary colic
How to assess Airway
41. Accounts for 20% o all 3rd trimester bleeding - Placenta overlaps with the cervix near the os (complete - partial - vaginal -low lying) - S/s: bright red vaginal bleeding - painless - NO NOT PERFORM VAGINAL DIGITAL EXAM - risk factors: prior c sect
Placenta Previa
LCA
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Advanced airway techniques
42. Inflammation of the pericardial sac with or without effusion - S/S: sharp - pleuritic chest pain that's worse when laying down - pericardial friction rub on exam - ST elevations in ALL leads!!! - depressed PR intervals
Supplemental O2
Common risk factors for LGIB
Pericarditis
Defibrillation
43. Testis twists on a spermatic cord - restore blood flow in 6 hours or may have infertility - common at puberty and in 1 year olds - High risk - Bell Clapper Deformity (tunica vaginalis isterts high on the spermatic cord) - horizontal lie spermatic cor
Triage
Additional cardiac Tests
Testicular Torsion
Lateral Leads
44. Gallbladder inflammation - often from prolonged obstruction of stones - Pain more severe than biliary coli - assoc w/ fever and lasts 6+ hours - Common bacteria: gram - - strep - anaerobes
Tachycardia
Emergency Severity Index
Dx of Aortic dissection
Define Acute Cholecystitis
45. 16-18 Gauge
Ectopic Pregnancy
Miscarriage
What is a large bore IV?
Other major arteries
46. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe
Placenta Previa
ED work up for cholecystitis
Divertriculitis
Advanced airway techniques
47. LMA: Laryngeal Mask Airway - Cricothyroidotomy -surgical airway done as last resort when unable to maintain oxygenation with other methods
Chlamydia
Common Presentation of GIB
Advanced airway techniques
How to assess Airway
48. Common STI- S/S: skin pustules - fever - monarticular septic arthritis. - may be asymptomatic in females - or cervicitis - PID Males: epididimytis - urethritis - prostatitis Dx: cervical or urethral culture swab Tx: Ceftriaxone IM x 1or Cefixime 4
UTI
Gonorrhea
Tx of CHF
Testicular Torsion
49. Common complication after an AMI - S/S: edema - elevated JVP - hepatojugular reflux - pulm rales - rhochi - decrease BS - +/- cardiac murmurs - low O2 sat - elevated BNP
Lateral Leads
Tx of Unstable Angina
CHF
EKG changes
50. Infection of endocardium and/or heart valves due to Strep bacteria (viridans or aureus) and HACEK species - Risk factors: IVDU - structural heart abomality - prosthetic valve - rheumatic heart dz - HIV Tx: IV antibioticx x 4 weeks
The vital signs
Endocarditis
Missed Abortion
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S