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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Leads I - aVL - V4-V6 - Left circumflex artery
Acute Coronary syndrome
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Gonorrhea
Lateral Leads
2. Left coronary artery (short and branches quickly)
Urosepsis
Viral Gastroenteritis
Genital Herpes
LCA
3. BRADYCARDIA - due to depressed SA node act or delayed conduction - excessive beta blockers - HR < 50 BPM - Tx: Atropine - Pacing ready / defibrillator prn - treat underlying cause (electrolyte imbalance - drugs - hypothermia)
Bradycardia
Tx of Unstable Angina
Viral Gastroenteritis
ED Tx of GIB
4. Risk Factors: PID - Mirena IUD - tubal surgery - pelvic surgery - endometriosis - IVF -DES exposure S/S - R or L adnexal tenderness - R shoulder pain could be referred pain from intraabdominal hemorrhage (gallbladder - liver also) - Workup -CBC - C
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Divertriculitis
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
Ectopic Pregnancy
5. On ANY FEMALE WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN- including bimanual vagino-rectal exam
Where to check pulses
When to do a pelvic exam
ED workup of kidney stones
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
6. Stable - NOT ruptured - vitals stable - no drop in H/H - no pain or tenderness Tx - with Methotrexate per OB GYN - inhibits folate so cells stop multiplying (used in RA and cancers) Don't use Methotrexate if fetal HR identified - Unstable - RUPTURED
STEMI vs Nstemi
When to do a pelvic exam
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
7. Placenta previa - vaginal/cervical trauma - polyps - genital infections - hemorrhoids - onset of labor (no fetal distress) - placental abruption (have fetal distress)
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Appendicitis
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Common risk factors for UGIB
8. Start IVF resuscitaiton - IV access or IO as second option - Thready pulses indicate hypotension and poor perfusion - Check frequent BP to reassess
STEMI vs Nstemi
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Pancreatitis work up
What to do with weak/thready pulses
9. IVF w crystalloid CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lipase - UA - urine cx - HCG - Abdominal/pelvis CT with NO CONTRAST (if suspect a stone) - Ultrasound is an alternative - will show hydronephrosis - Pain control - Dilaudid 1 mg IV - Toradol 30 mg IV (caution
ED workup of kidney stones
Inferior leads
What should be done after CDAB's
Ovarian Cysts
10. V1-V2 Right Posterior Descending Artery
Ranson's criteria
Placenta Previa
Define Biliary colic
Posterior
11. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT: assess if airway is obstructed vs. open - look for foreign body - vomit - blood. - JAW THRUST - if C-spine injury suspected - 30 compressions for every 2 breaths - Give one breath every 5-6 sections (don't over-ventilate the pat
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
How to assess Airway
Types of GI bleeds
STEMI vs Nstemi
12. Same as Early miscarriage - os open - bleeding - but some POC's (prod of conception) expelled. TX: D & C Complete AB: same as miscariage - but OS closed and all POC's expelled
Incomplete abortion
Common risk factors for LGIB
Where to check pulses
Cardiac Tamponade
13. Due to HSV-1 S/S: painful vesicles after 1-2 weeks of exposure - HA - fever - dysuria - myalgias. First outbreak lasts 2-3 weeks - likely to recur DxL PCR from vesicular fluid Tx: Acyclovir 400 mg po TID x 2 weeks or Valacyclovir x 10 days. Most pat
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
Volvulus
Ranson's criteria
Genital Herpes
14. Gram negative - contaminated salads (mayo) - dairy - mean. Severe Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)'
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
When is Rho GAM used
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Defibrillation
15. Explosive - frothy and foul smellng diarrhea - Entamoeba hystlytica - crypto - isospora (HIV)
Placental Abruption
Appendicitis work up
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
SBO
16. No bleeding - no fetal cardiac activity - uterus small - os closed - retained fetal tissue - Tx: D and C - Can have sepsis due to retained tissue/ fetus. Treat with IV abx (ampicillin and gentamycin) - Can give Misoprostol and cytotec (to dilate cerv
Tx of CHF
ED workup of kidney stones
Missed Abortion
What should be done after CDAB's
17. Main cause - hernias and adhesions. Other causes: CA - IBD - bezoar - gallstones - intussusception - Ascaris worm if travel - - Diagnostic Tests = KUB --> look or air/ fluid - levels and dilated loops of bowel - also CT scan Labs: CBC - chem 7 - LF
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Viral Gastroenteritis
SBO
18. Especially O157: H7 causes enterohemorrhagic diarrhea. Inundercooked beef - complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome and TTP
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Appendicitis work up
Ovarian Torsion
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
19. For any chest pain due to COCAINE USE!!! (because cocaine makes the arteries spasm)
Cardiac Tamponade
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
Incidence of AMI
STEMI vs Nstemi
20. IVF - fill the tank - CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase - UA - HCG for females - surgery cx - Abd CT scan for adults - ultrasound for kids or to r/o ovarian pathology in females - NPO - Pain control - Pre op Antibiotics (Levo - Flagyl or Unasyn)
Appendicitis work up
EKG changes
Emergency Severity Index
SBO
21. Directly invades the intestine - s/s abd pain - watery or bloody diarrhea - vomiting
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Emergency Severity Index
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
22. Old age - chronic anticoagulation - divertriculosis
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
Testicular Torsion
Common risk factors for LGIB
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
23. leading caUse of death inUS - Includes angina (stable and unstable) and MI (STEMI vs NSTEMI) - risk factors: HTN - Hyperlipidemia - smoking - DM - fam hx under age 55 - advanced age - males and postmenopausal females - Patho: atherosclerosis of arter
Acute Coronary syndrome
Hypertensive Emergency
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
Define Acute Cholecystitis
24. Abd pain: varies - achy - burning - Melena: dark - tarry stool (UGIB) - Hematemesis - vomiting blood - Hematochezia - BRBPR - Hypotension - tachycardia - Pallor - Guaiac + rectal exam
How to assess Airway
Common Presentation of GIB
Missed Abortion
Pain scale for infants
25. Chronic anticoagulation - Coumadin - Pradaxa/Dabigatran (no meds to reverse it) - Lovenox - ESLD / alcoholism (lack clotting factors) - NSAIDS (increase risk PUD and blood thinning) - Smoking
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Where to check pulses
Common risk factors for UGIB
When to do a pelvic exam
26. IV fluids - monitor Bp - EKG prn - CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase - UA - HCG - Ultrasound of gallbladder - Surgical cx - CCY in 24-48 hours - Broad spectrum Abx (Unasyn or Levaquin) - Pain control (morphine or dilaudid) - don't use Toradol (NSAID) - N
GIB work up
What should be done after CDAB's
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
ED work up for cholecystitis
27. Common STI - similar presentation as Gonorrhea - may have pus when milking urethra - Common caUse of infertility - Dx: PCR of urine - fluorescent antibody testing - cervical or urethral culture swab - Tx: Asithromycin 1 g po x 1 or Doxy x 7 days (at
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
Acute Mesenteric Ishemia
Cardiac Enzymes
Chlamydia
28. O2 - 2 large bore IV's: IVF with crystalloid (NS or LR) - type and screen crossmatch - transfuse prn - OB GYN cx ASAP
What is a large bore IV?
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
EKG changes
Incomplete abortion
29. S/S - PAIN OUT OF PROPORTION TO ABDOMINAL EXAM - benign compared to pain - At risk patients: elderly - vasculopaths - patients with afib - patients in cardiogenic shock/cardiopulm bypass or on high dose pressors - most occur in SMA (ie intracardiac e
Types of GI bleeds
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Acute Coronary syndrome
Acute Mesenteric Ishemia
30. HR/pulse: 60-100 - Bp: 120/80 - Resp rate: 16-20 - Temp 97-99 - O2 sat > 94% - Pain!!! - 6th vital sign
The vital signs
Pain scale for infants
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Additional cardiac Tests
31. IVF with crystalloids - RhoGAM for Rh Negative - Abx if sepsis or suspect retained POC - D and C if retained POC's - F/you with OB GYN in 48 hours - monitor HCG is trending down - Return for worsening sxs
Inferior leads
Define Acute Cholecystitis
ED work up for cholecystitis
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
32. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)
RCA
ED workup of kidney stones
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Pain scale for infants
33. Pay attention to resp rate - breathing pattern (normal vs. agonic breaths) - O2 sats - goal is > 94% - Chest rise/tidal volume - Waveform Capnography: measures CO2 input and output. Best measure for assessing ventilation - Bag-valve-mask helps patie
Tx of Unstable Angina
Urosepsis
Breathing
Tx of CHF
34. Often embolic phenomenon triggered by afib or endocarditis - 6 P's: Pain - pallor - paralysis - paresthesias - poikilothermia - pulselessness - DX: dopplers with ABI - ankle brachial index
Defibrillation
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
ED Tx of GIB
How to monitor CDAB
35. Premature separation of the implanted placenta - S/S: abdominal pain - dark vaginal bleeding -hypertonic and tender uterus - fetal distress - may see signs of shock without visible bleeding if intrauterine bleeding Risk factors: HTN - pelvic trauma -
Syphillis
What is a large bore IV?
Placental Abruption
What to do with weak/thready pulses
36. Obstruction of appendiceal lumen (fecalith) - leads to edema - ischemia - infection - necrosis - ? perf and peritonitis - +Rosvig's sign (push and feel on opposite side)
Ectopic Pregnancy
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Appendicitis
Posterior
37. Common complication after an AMI - S/S: edema - elevated JVP - hepatojugular reflux - pulm rales - rhochi - decrease BS - +/- cardiac murmurs - low O2 sat - elevated BNP
CHF
Cardiac Enzymes
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
38. Sigmoid - volvulus: High risk patients: chronic constipation - elderly and debilitated patients - Dx: plain film - Tx: decompress with rectal tube - Cecal volvulus - see congenital hypermobile cecum. also dx with plain films
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Triage
Volvulus
Defibrillation
39. Ovary torsion causes venous and arterial obstruction leading to ischemia and obstruction - At risk: long fallopian tubes - pregnancy - enlarged ovaries - ovarian tumors - tubal surgery - large ovarian cysts **anything that enlarges the ovary! - S/S:
STEMI vs Nstemi
Pain scale for infants
Ovarian Torsion
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
40. Prolonged/ more severe angina that doens't resolve with rest - 50% triggered by event: stress - exercise - surgery - illness - More common in early am - substernal pain elephant in chest - crushing - heavy +/- radiation to left arm - jaw - neck - may
Incidence of AMI
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
Common risk factors for LGIB
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
41. Fluid filled sacs within the ovary - Common in infancy and teens - Causes: ovarian stimulation (in vitro fertilization) - hypothyroid - prego - PCOS
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Other major arteries
Breathing
Ovarian Cysts
42. Spontaneous abortion - Never CALL IT ABORTION IN FRONT OF PATIENT
Divertriculitis
Miscarriage
GIB work up
Syphillis
43. Rectal exam for EVERYONE with belly pain - EKG (don't want to r/o MI) - Labs: CBC - chem 7 - PTT - blood type and screen/cross (in case need blood transfusion) - H Pylori: Rapid urease test or IgG / IgM - Endoscopy for UGIB (can be done in ED) - Colo
GIB work up
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Miscarriage
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
44. Due to chromosomal abnormalities - check Rubella a) Threatened abortion if - 1st trimester vag bleed - < 20 weeks GA - os closed - membranes intact - some cramping. Tx - pelvic rest - bed rest - close OB GYN f/you b) Inevitable abortion - if < 20 wee
GIB work up
Triage
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
45. MONA - morphine - oxygen - nitroglycerin (sublingual or IV) -Aspirin 325 mg (consider Integrilin in high risk patients) - Beta Blocker (metoprolol) - decrease streght of heart contractility within first hour - Cardiology cx --> PCI vs surgery prn? -
Ascending Cholangitis
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Tx of Unstable Angina
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
46. Sepsis due to urologic infection - common in elderly - 2 large bore IV - crystalloid IVF - Blood cultures - IV antibiotics - hosptial admission
Common risk factors for UGIB
Gonorrhea
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Urosepsis
47. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe
Divertriculitis
EMTALA
What is a large bore IV?
Ranson's criteria
48. Testis twists on a spermatic cord - restore blood flow in 6 hours or may have infertility - common at puberty and in 1 year olds - High risk - Bell Clapper Deformity (tunica vaginalis isterts high on the spermatic cord) - horizontal lie spermatic cor
Placental Abruption
Placenta Previa
Testicular Torsion
When is Rho GAM used
49. Right Coronary artery - SA node branch (anterior) - Acute marginal artery (anterior) - AV node branch (posterior) - Posterior descending artery (posterior)
Genital Herpes
RCA
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
SBO
50. Given to any woman that is Rh Negative who is HCG positive and has any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy - to Rh Negative patients (prevent formation of anti Rh antibodies - against baby)
Ectopic Pregnancy
When is Rho GAM used
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Common risk factors for UGIB