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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inflammation of the pericardial sac with or without effusion - S/S: sharp - pleuritic chest pain that's worse when laying down - pericardial friction rub on exam - ST elevations in ALL leads!!! - depressed PR intervals
Acute Mesenteric Ishemia
Cardiac Tamponade
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Pericarditis
2. Ovary torsion causes venous and arterial obstruction leading to ischemia and obstruction - At risk: long fallopian tubes - pregnancy - enlarged ovaries - ovarian tumors - tubal surgery - large ovarian cysts **anything that enlarges the ovary! - S/S:
Ovarian Torsion
Incidence of AMI
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
3. Active internal bleeding - hx hemorrhagic stroke/TIA in the past year - Intracranial tumor - AV malformation or aneurysm - suspected aortic dissection or tamponade - Severe bleeding disorder - Head trauma - Intracranial procedure
ED Tx of GIB
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
Contraindications for thrombolytics
What should be done after CDAB's
4. Chinese food bug - Fever - abdo pain - blood diarrhea - lasts x 1 week.Get from dirty wateror poultry - may cause/trigger Guillan Barre
Dx of Aortic dissection
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
5. LAD - Left Anterior Descending Artery (anterior) - Diagonal branch of LAD (anterior) - Left Circumflex artery (posterior) - Obtuse Marginal Artery
Breathing
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Other major arteries
6. Sigmoid - volvulus: High risk patients: chronic constipation - elderly and debilitated patients - Dx: plain film - Tx: decompress with rectal tube - Cecal volvulus - see congenital hypermobile cecum. also dx with plain films
Triage
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Supplemental O2
Volvulus
7. Left coronary artery (short and branches quickly)
LCA
Chlamydia
What should be done after CDAB's
Triage
8. Look for ST elevation in at least 2 contiguous lead (at least 1mm) - may see a new LBBB - Reciprocal changes - T wave inversion (end of the infarct or old) - Q waves (old infarct)
Missed Abortion
LCA
EKG changes
Tachycardia
9. Main cause - hernias and adhesions. Other causes: CA - IBD - bezoar - gallstones - intussusception - Ascaris worm if travel - - Diagnostic Tests = KUB --> look or air/ fluid - levels and dilated loops of bowel - also CT scan Labs: CBC - chem 7 - LF
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
SBO
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
10. 'trier' - to separate - sift or select based on priority of condition
Tachycardia
Emergency Severity Index
Triage
Stable vs unstable angina`
11. Sepsis due to urologic infection - common in elderly - 2 large bore IV - crystalloid IVF - Blood cultures - IV antibiotics - hosptial admission
Urosepsis
ED workup of kidney stones
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
12. Bp diffrence between R and L arms: > 20 difference in systolic or > 15 mm Hg difference in diastolic - Aortography - gold standard - CT scan with contrast - EKG - CXR - widended mediastinum - obliteraiton of aortic knowb - tracheal deviation - L hemo
Dx of Aortic dissection
Volvulus
Ranson's criteria
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
13. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Divertriculitis
Dx of Aortic dissection
Inferior leads
14. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)
Pain scale for infants
Hypertensive Emergency
When is Rho GAM used
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
15. Accounts for 20% o all 3rd trimester bleeding - Placenta overlaps with the cervix near the os (complete - partial - vaginal -low lying) - S/s: bright red vaginal bleeding - painless - NO NOT PERFORM VAGINAL DIGITAL EXAM - risk factors: prior c sect
Placenta Previa
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Acute Coronary syndrome
Bradycardia
16. Renal colic - due to passing of a stone thru the ureter (don't cause pain in the kidney - asymptomatic) - pain due to ureteral spasm and obstruction of urine M: F - 3: 1 prevalence - Stones smaller than 5 mm have 90% chance of passing alone
When to do a pelvic exam
Appendicitis work up
Kidney Stones
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
17. For any chest pain due to COCAINE USE!!! (because cocaine makes the arteries spasm)
Advanced airway techniques
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
18. Explosive - frothy and foul smellng diarrhea - Entamoeba hystlytica - crypto - isospora (HIV)
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Posterior
How to assess Airway
Pancreatitis work up
19. V1-V2 Right Posterior Descending Artery
GIB work up
Posterior
Testicular Torsion
Gonorrhea
20. Most due to E coli - Lower UTI - bladder and /or urethra - Upper UTI: bladder - urethra and kidneys (so ureters to) S/S: dysuria - urgency and frequency - may be asymptomatic in prego - elderly and immunosuppressed - may see confusion or AMS Tx: Uri
When is Rho GAM used
Acute Coronary syndrome
UTI
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
21. Same as Early miscarriage - os open - bleeding - but some POC's (prod of conception) expelled. TX: D & C Complete AB: same as miscariage - but OS closed and all POC's expelled
Incomplete abortion
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Common Presentation of GIB
22. II - III - aVF - Means RCA involved
Common risk factors for UGIB
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Inferior leads
Cardiac Enzymes
23. Common STI - similar presentation as Gonorrhea - may have pus when milking urethra - Common caUse of infertility - Dx: PCR of urine - fluorescent antibody testing - cervical or urethral culture swab - Tx: Asithromycin 1 g po x 1 or Doxy x 7 days (at
Dx of Aortic dissection
Chlamydia
Cardiac Enzymes
Define Acute Cholecystitis
24. leading caUse of death inUS - Includes angina (stable and unstable) and MI (STEMI vs NSTEMI) - risk factors: HTN - Hyperlipidemia - smoking - DM - fam hx under age 55 - advanced age - males and postmenopausal females - Patho: atherosclerosis of arter
Acute Coronary syndrome
Common risk factors for UGIB
Emergency Severity Index
Types of GI bleeds
25. Risk Factors: PID - Mirena IUD - tubal surgery - pelvic surgery - endometriosis - IVF -DES exposure S/S - R or L adnexal tenderness - R shoulder pain could be referred pain from intraabdominal hemorrhage (gallbladder - liver also) - Workup -CBC - C
The vital signs
Volvulus
Ectopic Pregnancy
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
26. Old age - chronic anticoagulation - divertriculosis
Genital Herpes
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Common risk factors for LGIB
RCA
27. O2 and monitor sats - 2 large bore IV's (min 18G) - w/ Normal saline orLR -Blood transfusion prn - give PRBC - 1 unit of PRBC raises Hcrt 3 points - goal is HCRT > 30 - Hold coumadin if INR 5 or less OR reverse with Vit K or Free Frozen plasma if INR
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Placental Abruption
Tx of CHF
ED Tx of GIB
28. Start IVF resuscitaiton - IV access or IO as second option - Thready pulses indicate hypotension and poor perfusion - Check frequent BP to reassess
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Defibrillation
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
SBO
29. Pay attention to resp rate - breathing pattern (normal vs. agonic breaths) - O2 sats - goal is > 94% - Chest rise/tidal volume - Waveform Capnography: measures CO2 input and output. Best measure for assessing ventilation - Bag-valve-mask helps patie
Viral Gastroenteritis
Breathing
Types of GI bleeds
When is Rho GAM used
30. Infection of endocardium and/or heart valves due to Strep bacteria (viridans or aureus) and HACEK species - Risk factors: IVDU - structural heart abomality - prosthetic valve - rheumatic heart dz - HIV Tx: IV antibioticx x 4 weeks
Incidence of AMI
Endocarditis
Lateral Leads
Tx of CHF
31. Leads I - aVL - V4-V6 - Left circumflex artery
Common risk factors for LGIB
Volvulus
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Lateral Leads
32. Gram negative - bad eggs - dairy - poultry. - S/S: bloody diarrhea - fever - abd pain - Resolves in 10-14 days.
Pancreatitis work up
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
How to monitor CDAB
Define Acute Cholecystitis
33. 16-18 Gauge
What is a large bore IV?
Cardiac Enzymes
Advanced airway techniques
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
34. Premature separation of the implanted placenta - S/S: abdominal pain - dark vaginal bleeding -hypertonic and tender uterus - fetal distress - may see signs of shock without visible bleeding if intrauterine bleeding Risk factors: HTN - pelvic trauma -
Defibrillation
Testicular Torsion
Placental Abruption
STEMI vs Nstemi
35. STEMI - due to complete arterial occlusion NSTEMI - ARTERY NOT completely blocked or have collateral vessels
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Dx of Aortic dissection
Advanced airway techniques
STEMI vs Nstemi
36. Gallbladder inflammation - often from prolonged obstruction of stones - Pain more severe than biliary coli - assoc w/ fever and lasts 6+ hours - Common bacteria: gram - - strep - anaerobes
Miscarriage
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
37. Def: Defect in the intimal layer of the aorta allows for blood to enter space between vascular layers - Risk actors: age - HTN - Connective tissue dz (marphans) - bicuspid aortic valve - coarctation of the aorta - inflam dz of aorta - atherosclerosi
Acute Coronary syndrome
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
GIB work up
When to do a pelvic exam
38. Cysts rupture and cause pelvic bleeding --> peritonitis --> hypotension --> shock S/S: unilateral sharp - lower abd pain - work up: IVF w. crystalloids - - O2 prn - CBC - chem 7 - HCG - UA - ABO/Rh - PT/PTT - Pelvic ultrasound with color doppler fl
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Cardiac Tamponade
39. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT: assess if airway is obstructed vs. open - look for foreign body - vomit - blood. - JAW THRUST - if C-spine injury suspected - 30 compressions for every 2 breaths - Give one breath every 5-6 sections (don't over-ventilate the pat
Viral Gastroenteritis
How to assess Airway
Where to check pulses
EKG changes
40. Coffee bean signs on KUB for sigmoid volvulus - can also have cecal volvulus - 10% of LBO are sigmoid volvulus
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
ED workup of kidney stones
GIB work up
When to do a pelvic exam
41. Gram negative - contaminated salads (mayo) - dairy - mean. Severe Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)'
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Where to check pulses
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
42. Testis twists on a spermatic cord - restore blood flow in 6 hours or may have infertility - common at puberty and in 1 year olds - High risk - Bell Clapper Deformity (tunica vaginalis isterts high on the spermatic cord) - horizontal lie spermatic cor
Triage
Testicular Torsion
Ascending Cholangitis
Additional cardiac Tests
43. S/S - PAIN OUT OF PROPORTION TO ABDOMINAL EXAM - benign compared to pain - At risk patients: elderly - vasculopaths - patients with afib - patients in cardiogenic shock/cardiopulm bypass or on high dose pressors - most occur in SMA (ie intracardiac e
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Acute Mesenteric Ishemia
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
44. Major criteria (2 each) - Positive blood cultures - Positive echo - Mass or abscess pressent Minor criteria - fevers - IVDU - roth spot (retinal hemorrhage) - Janeway lesions (nails) - Ostlers nodes (painful raised lesions on hands and feet)
Common risk factors for LGIB
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Common Presentation of GIB
45. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
The vital signs
Divertriculitis
46. Shock to electrically terminate abnormal heart rate and restart. - The earlier a fibrillating heart is defibrillated - the more successful (survival drops by 10% with each minute)
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Common Presentation of GIB
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Defibrillation
47. Charcot's Triad - Fever - Jaundice - RUQ pain - bacteria enters the biliary tract thru Sphincter of Oddi - Increase risk after sphincterotomy - cholecochal surgery or biliary stent Dx: with ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Volvulus
Ascending Cholangitis
Ranson's criteria
48. LMA: Laryngeal Mask Airway - Cricothyroidotomy -surgical airway done as last resort when unable to maintain oxygenation with other methods
ED work up for cholecystitis
Emergency Severity Index
Advanced airway techniques
Common Presentation of GIB
49. Rare STI - increaseing now - due to AIDs - S/S - rash or chancre - serologic testing of blood or CSF - TxL Benzathine penicillin or Doxy x 2 weeks
Urosepsis
SBO
Syphillis
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
50. Common STI- S/S: skin pustules - fever - monarticular septic arthritis. - may be asymptomatic in females - or cervicitis - PID Males: epididimytis - urethritis - prostatitis Dx: cervical or urethral culture swab Tx: Ceftriaxone IM x 1or Cefixime 4
Cardiac Tamponade
CHF
ED workup of kidney stones
Gonorrhea