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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gram negative - contaminated salads (mayo) - dairy - mean. Severe Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)'
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Ovarian Cysts
Placenta Previa
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
2. Especially O157: H7 causes enterohemorrhagic diarrhea. Inundercooked beef - complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome and TTP
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Additional cardiac Tests
GIB work up
Pancreatitis work up
3. Infection of endocardium and/or heart valves due to Strep bacteria (viridans or aureus) and HACEK species - Risk factors: IVDU - structural heart abomality - prosthetic valve - rheumatic heart dz - HIV Tx: IV antibioticx x 4 weeks
Tx of CHF
ED workup of kidney stones
Endocarditis
RCA
4. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT: assess if airway is obstructed vs. open - look for foreign body - vomit - blood. - JAW THRUST - if C-spine injury suspected - 30 compressions for every 2 breaths - Give one breath every 5-6 sections (don't over-ventilate the pat
Ectopic Pregnancy
How to assess Airway
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Appendicitis work up
5. Common STI- S/S: skin pustules - fever - monarticular septic arthritis. - may be asymptomatic in females - or cervicitis - PID Males: epididimytis - urethritis - prostatitis Dx: cervical or urethral culture swab Tx: Ceftriaxone IM x 1or Cefixime 4
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
STEMI vs Nstemi
Lateral Leads
Gonorrhea
6. Gallbladder inflammation - often from prolonged obstruction of stones - Pain more severe than biliary coli - assoc w/ fever and lasts 6+ hours - Common bacteria: gram - - strep - anaerobes
When is Rho GAM used
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Common Presentation of GIB
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
7. Explosive - frothy and foul smellng diarrhea - Entamoeba hystlytica - crypto - isospora (HIV)
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
Viral Gastroenteritis
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
8. II - III - aVF - Means RCA involved
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Inferior leads
Viral Gastroenteritis
Placental Abruption
9. RUQ/epigastric pain - lasts 30 min to 6 hours - once gallbladder contracts and it relieves the obstruction - pain resolves - NO Fever
Divertriculitis
Define Biliary colic
What is a large bore IV?
Ectopic Pregnancy
10. Sigmoid - volvulus: High risk patients: chronic constipation - elderly and debilitated patients - Dx: plain film - Tx: decompress with rectal tube - Cecal volvulus - see congenital hypermobile cecum. also dx with plain films
Inferior leads
The vital signs
Volvulus
Acute Coronary syndrome
11. V1-V3 - V2-V4 Means LAD (left anterior descending) involved
Define Biliary colic
Other major arteries
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
Bradycardia
12. Common STI - similar presentation as Gonorrhea - may have pus when milking urethra - Common caUse of infertility - Dx: PCR of urine - fluorescent antibody testing - cervical or urethral culture swab - Tx: Asithromycin 1 g po x 1 or Doxy x 7 days (at
Chlamydia
Cardiac Tamponade
Supplemental O2
Hypertensive Emergency
13. Categorize based on severity: 1 to 5 1 - most severe: cyanotic/not breathing - unreseponsive or not talking 2 - MI (life threatening but talking) 3- appendicitis/ abdomino pelvic pain 4- ankle swelling - broken leg 5- suture removal Things you ca
ED Tx of GIB
Emergency Severity Index
Contraindications for thrombolytics
CHF
14. Due to HSV-1 S/S: painful vesicles after 1-2 weeks of exposure - HA - fever - dysuria - myalgias. First outbreak lasts 2-3 weeks - likely to recur DxL PCR from vesicular fluid Tx: Acyclovir 400 mg po TID x 2 weeks or Valacyclovir x 10 days. Most pat
Kidney Stones
Appendicitis
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Genital Herpes
15. Inflammation of the pericardial sac with or without effusion - S/S: sharp - pleuritic chest pain that's worse when laying down - pericardial friction rub on exam - ST elevations in ALL leads!!! - depressed PR intervals
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Triage
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
Pericarditis
16. Left coronary artery (short and branches quickly)
Define Biliary colic
LCA
EMTALA
GIB work up
17. Spontaneous abortion - Never CALL IT ABORTION IN FRONT OF PATIENT
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
EKG changes
Miscarriage
Additional cardiac Tests
18. Charcot's Triad - Fever - Jaundice - RUQ pain - bacteria enters the biliary tract thru Sphincter of Oddi - Increase risk after sphincterotomy - cholecochal surgery or biliary stent Dx: with ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Ectopic Pregnancy
Genital Herpes
Ascending Cholangitis
Contraindications for thrombolytics
19. Most due to E coli - Lower UTI - bladder and /or urethra - Upper UTI: bladder - urethra and kidneys (so ureters to) S/S: dysuria - urgency and frequency - may be asymptomatic in prego - elderly and immunosuppressed - may see confusion or AMS Tx: Uri
Bradycardia
Cardiac Enzymes
UTI
Tx of CHF
20. Due to chromosomal abnormalities - check Rubella a) Threatened abortion if - 1st trimester vag bleed - < 20 weeks GA - os closed - membranes intact - some cramping. Tx - pelvic rest - bed rest - close OB GYN f/you b) Inevitable abortion - if < 20 wee
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
Ascending Cholangitis
Types of GI bleeds
LCA
21. LMA: Laryngeal Mask Airway - Cricothyroidotomy -surgical airway done as last resort when unable to maintain oxygenation with other methods
Common risk factors for LGIB
Advanced airway techniques
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Testicular Torsion
22. Leads I - aVL - V4-V6 - Left circumflex artery
Additional cardiac Tests
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
Lateral Leads
Cardiac Tamponade
23. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa
Incidence of AMI
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Urosepsis
24. LAD - Left Anterior Descending Artery (anterior) - Diagonal branch of LAD (anterior) - Left Circumflex artery (posterior) - Obtuse Marginal Artery
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Other major arteries
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
25. Abd pain: varies - achy - burning - Melena: dark - tarry stool (UGIB) - Hematemesis - vomiting blood - Hematochezia - BRBPR - Hypotension - tachycardia - Pallor - Guaiac + rectal exam
Common Presentation of GIB
Cardiac Enzymes
Acute Mesenteric Ishemia
Defibrillation
26. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Defibrillation
Common Presentation of GIB
Pain scale for infants
27. Rare STI - increaseing now - due to AIDs - S/S - rash or chancre - serologic testing of blood or CSF - TxL Benzathine penicillin or Doxy x 2 weeks
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Chlamydia
Syphillis
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
28. Incarcerated - means cannot reduce - Strangulated - bowel edema is compromosing blood flow
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Acute Mesenteric Ishemia
RCA
EMTALA
29. Troponin T or I - mores specific for heart. Tropoinin I stays elevated for 7-10 days - Troponin T stays elevated for 10-14 days - CK - MB: - peaks 20 hours after AMI (specific to cardiac muscle) - CPK - measures muscle breakdown so nonspecific
LCA
Placental Abruption
Cardiac Enzymes
Syphillis
30. BRADYCARDIA - due to depressed SA node act or delayed conduction - excessive beta blockers - HR < 50 BPM - Tx: Atropine - Pacing ready / defibrillator prn - treat underlying cause (electrolyte imbalance - drugs - hypothermia)
Tx of Unstable Angina
Bradycardia
ED Tx of GIB
When to do a pelvic exam
31. Elevated Bp with signs of end organ damage to brain - eyes - heart or kidney. - Organ damage risk increases when diastolic Bp > 115-130 - HTN urgency if see high Bp but no signs of organ damage yet - Get a head CT ASAP!! Symptoms: Head: HA - confusio
Hypertensive Emergency
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Types of GI bleeds
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
32. CDAB - Circulation (rapid CPR to reestablish circulation) - Defibrillaiton - Airway - Breathing - the main goal is to restore effective oxygenation -ventilation and circulation until return of spontaneous circulation or ACLS
Gonorrhea
Define Biliary colic
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
EMTALA
33. Ovary torsion causes venous and arterial obstruction leading to ischemia and obstruction - At risk: long fallopian tubes - pregnancy - enlarged ovaries - ovarian tumors - tubal surgery - large ovarian cysts **anything that enlarges the ovary! - S/S:
Gonorrhea
How to assess Airway
STEMI vs Nstemi
Ovarian Torsion
34. O2 - 2 large bore IV's: IVF with crystalloid (NS or LR) - type and screen crossmatch - transfuse prn - OB GYN cx ASAP
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Types of GI bleeds
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Bradycardia
35. Bp diffrence between R and L arms: > 20 difference in systolic or > 15 mm Hg difference in diastolic - Aortography - gold standard - CT scan with contrast - EKG - CXR - widended mediastinum - obliteraiton of aortic knowb - tracheal deviation - L hemo
Cardiac Enzymes
RCA
Appendicitis
Dx of Aortic dissection
36. Directly invades the intestine - s/s abd pain - watery or bloody diarrhea - vomiting
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
UTI
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
37. Prolonged/ more severe angina that doens't resolve with rest - 50% triggered by event: stress - exercise - surgery - illness - More common in early am - substernal pain elephant in chest - crushing - heavy +/- radiation to left arm - jaw - neck - may
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Incidence of AMI
CHF
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
38. All cardiac arrest patients get 100% O2 - Room air= 21% - Nasal cannula O2 - raises FiO2 by 2-3% per liter. Normally give 1-6 Liters/minute - Non-rebreather mask --> you are receiving 100% O2
Additional cardiac Tests
Viral Gastroenteritis
Supplemental O2
Triage
39. For any chest pain due to COCAINE USE!!! (because cocaine makes the arteries spasm)
Dx of Aortic dissection
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Advanced airway techniques
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
40. leading caUse of death inUS - Includes angina (stable and unstable) and MI (STEMI vs NSTEMI) - risk factors: HTN - Hyperlipidemia - smoking - DM - fam hx under age 55 - advanced age - males and postmenopausal females - Patho: atherosclerosis of arter
Other major arteries
Incidence of AMI
GIB work up
Acute Coronary syndrome
41. STEMI - due to complete arterial occlusion NSTEMI - ARTERY NOT completely blocked or have collateral vessels
EMTALA
Ranson's criteria
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
STEMI vs Nstemi
42. Shock to electrically terminate abnormal heart rate and restart. - The earlier a fibrillating heart is defibrillated - the more successful (survival drops by 10% with each minute)
When is Rho GAM used
Miscarriage
Defibrillation
Dx of Aortic dissection
43. U GIB - ** DARK STOOLS - above the ligament of Treitz: Esophageal varices - Dieulafoy lesion - PUD - Mallory Weiss Tear - LGIB: ** BRight red blood - below lig of Treitz AVM (Atrio-venous malformation) -Divertriculitis - Meckel's divertriculum - colo
Where to check pulses
EMTALA
Types of GI bleeds
The vital signs
44. Causes: Alcohol - gallstones - high triglycerides - hypercalcemia - drugs - mumps - trauma Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - amylase - lipase - EKG Ultrasound CT scan IVF - IVF - IVF!!! NPO Pain control - anti emetics
Placenta Previa
Pancreatitis work up
Tachycardia
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
45. Reassess circulation: compression - check cardiac rhythm - pulse - give meds to help Bp or rhythm prn - Monitor Oxygen and IV - DDx -goalis to find and treat reversible causes
Hypertensive Emergency
How to monitor CDAB
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Viral Gastroenteritis
46. Sepsis due to urologic infection - common in elderly - 2 large bore IV - crystalloid IVF - Blood cultures - IV antibiotics - hosptial admission
Urosepsis
How to monitor CDAB
Dx of Aortic dissection
Divertriculitis
47. Premature separation of the implanted placenta - S/S: abdominal pain - dark vaginal bleeding -hypertonic and tender uterus - fetal distress - may see signs of shock without visible bleeding if intrauterine bleeding Risk factors: HTN - pelvic trauma -
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Placental Abruption
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
Ascending Cholangitis
48. Accounts for 20% o all 3rd trimester bleeding - Placenta overlaps with the cervix near the os (complete - partial - vaginal -low lying) - S/s: bright red vaginal bleeding - painless - NO NOT PERFORM VAGINAL DIGITAL EXAM - risk factors: prior c sect
Placenta Previa
Pain scale for infants
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Ovarian Torsion
49. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe
Tachycardia
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Volvulus
Divertriculitis
50. Same as Early miscarriage - os open - bleeding - but some POC's (prod of conception) expelled. TX: D & C Complete AB: same as miscariage - but OS closed and all POC's expelled
What is a large bore IV?
Incomplete abortion
Endocarditis
Where to check pulses