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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Active internal bleeding - hx hemorrhagic stroke/TIA in the past year - Intracranial tumor - AV malformation or aneurysm - suspected aortic dissection or tamponade - Severe bleeding disorder - Head trauma - Intracranial procedure
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
What should be done after CDAB's
Contraindications for thrombolytics
2. Infection of endocardium and/or heart valves due to Strep bacteria (viridans or aureus) and HACEK species - Risk factors: IVDU - structural heart abomality - prosthetic valve - rheumatic heart dz - HIV Tx: IV antibioticx x 4 weeks
Syphillis
Endocarditis
Bradycardia
Divertriculitis
3. Elevated Bp with signs of end organ damage to brain - eyes - heart or kidney. - Organ damage risk increases when diastolic Bp > 115-130 - HTN urgency if see high Bp but no signs of organ damage yet - Get a head CT ASAP!! Symptoms: Head: HA - confusio
EMTALA
Hypertensive Emergency
LCA
Ovarian Torsion
4. Ovary torsion causes venous and arterial obstruction leading to ischemia and obstruction - At risk: long fallopian tubes - pregnancy - enlarged ovaries - ovarian tumors - tubal surgery - large ovarian cysts **anything that enlarges the ovary! - S/S:
Cardiac Tamponade
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Tachycardia
Ovarian Torsion
5. Cysts rupture and cause pelvic bleeding --> peritonitis --> hypotension --> shock S/S: unilateral sharp - lower abd pain - work up: IVF w. crystalloids - - O2 prn - CBC - chem 7 - HCG - UA - ABO/Rh - PT/PTT - Pelvic ultrasound with color doppler fl
Ovarian Torsion
STEMI vs Nstemi
LCA
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
6. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe
Divertriculitis
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Testicular Torsion
7. IV fluids - monitor Bp - EKG prn - CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase - UA - HCG - Ultrasound of gallbladder - Surgical cx - CCY in 24-48 hours - Broad spectrum Abx (Unasyn or Levaquin) - Pain control (morphine or dilaudid) - don't use Toradol (NSAID) - N
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
ED work up for cholecystitis
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Triage
8. Categorize based on severity: 1 to 5 1 - most severe: cyanotic/not breathing - unreseponsive or not talking 2 - MI (life threatening but talking) 3- appendicitis/ abdomino pelvic pain 4- ankle swelling - broken leg 5- suture removal Things you ca
Breathing
Other major arteries
Emergency Severity Index
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
9. Leads I - aVL - V4-V6 - Left circumflex artery
Divertriculitis
CHF
How to assess Airway
Lateral Leads
10. Common complication after an AMI - S/S: edema - elevated JVP - hepatojugular reflux - pulm rales - rhochi - decrease BS - +/- cardiac murmurs - low O2 sat - elevated BNP
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Miscarriage
Breathing
CHF
11. Main cause - hernias and adhesions. Other causes: CA - IBD - bezoar - gallstones - intussusception - Ascaris worm if travel - - Diagnostic Tests = KUB --> look or air/ fluid - levels and dilated loops of bowel - also CT scan Labs: CBC - chem 7 - LF
Common risk factors for UGIB
Ascending Cholangitis
Endocarditis
SBO
12. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)
Dx of Aortic dissection
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
Pain scale for infants
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
13. Reassess circulation: compression - check cardiac rhythm - pulse - give meds to help Bp or rhythm prn - Monitor Oxygen and IV - DDx -goalis to find and treat reversible causes
STEMI vs Nstemi
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
How to monitor CDAB
Genital Herpes
14. IVF - fill the tank - CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase - UA - HCG for females - surgery cx - Abd CT scan for adults - ultrasound for kids or to r/o ovarian pathology in females - NPO - Pain control - Pre op Antibiotics (Levo - Flagyl or Unasyn)
Syphillis
Appendicitis work up
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
When is Rho GAM used
15. Check Vital Signs
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16. Chinese food bug - Fever - abdo pain - blood diarrhea - lasts x 1 week.Get from dirty wateror poultry - may cause/trigger Guillan Barre
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Bradycardia
ED Tx of GIB
17. Stable - predictible pattern of chest pain w/ exertion or stress. Relieved by rest or Nitro. Lasts 15 sec to 15 min UNSTABLE - any change in character or time of the angina - ANGINA AT REST - NEW ONSET - ANGINA MORE FREQUENT OR SEVERE. - Unstable a
Posterior
Stable vs unstable angina`
Urosepsis
GIB work up
18. Gram negative - contaminated salads (mayo) - dairy - mean. Severe Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)'
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
GIB work up
Where to check pulses
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
19. All cardiac arrest patients get 100% O2 - Room air= 21% - Nasal cannula O2 - raises FiO2 by 2-3% per liter. Normally give 1-6 Liters/minute - Non-rebreather mask --> you are receiving 100% O2
Pain scale for infants
Supplemental O2
Where to check pulses
ED work up for cholecystitis
20. LMA: Laryngeal Mask Airway - Cricothyroidotomy -surgical airway done as last resort when unable to maintain oxygenation with other methods
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Advanced airway techniques
Syphillis
SBO
21. At presentation: Age > 55 - WBC > 16 K - Glucose > 200 - LDH > 350 - AST > 250 At 48 hours - fall in HCT > 10 - increase in BUN > 5 - Ca < 8 - PaO2 < 60 - fluid deficit > 6 L
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22. BRADYCARDIA - due to depressed SA node act or delayed conduction - excessive beta blockers - HR < 50 BPM - Tx: Atropine - Pacing ready / defibrillator prn - treat underlying cause (electrolyte imbalance - drugs - hypothermia)
Ectopic Pregnancy
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
Bradycardia
Divertriculitis
23. Gram negative - bad eggs - dairy - poultry. - S/S: bloody diarrhea - fever - abd pain - Resolves in 10-14 days.
Defibrillation
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Types of Infectious diarrhea - Salmonella
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
24. Sigmoid - volvulus: High risk patients: chronic constipation - elderly and debilitated patients - Dx: plain film - Tx: decompress with rectal tube - Cecal volvulus - see congenital hypermobile cecum. also dx with plain films
Testicular Torsion
Volvulus
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
Miscarriage
25. Premature separation of the implanted placenta - S/S: abdominal pain - dark vaginal bleeding -hypertonic and tender uterus - fetal distress - may see signs of shock without visible bleeding if intrauterine bleeding Risk factors: HTN - pelvic trauma -
Testicular Torsion
Pain scale for infants
Placental Abruption
Supplemental O2
26. Shock to electrically terminate abnormal heart rate and restart. - The earlier a fibrillating heart is defibrillated - the more successful (survival drops by 10% with each minute)
Defibrillation
Gonorrhea
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Appendicitis
27. Stable - NOT ruptured - vitals stable - no drop in H/H - no pain or tenderness Tx - with Methotrexate per OB GYN - inhibits folate so cells stop multiplying (used in RA and cancers) Don't use Methotrexate if fetal HR identified - Unstable - RUPTURED
Ovarian Cysts
Supplemental O2
Pancreatitis work up
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
28. Due to chromosomal abnormalities - check Rubella a) Threatened abortion if - 1st trimester vag bleed - < 20 weeks GA - os closed - membranes intact - some cramping. Tx - pelvic rest - bed rest - close OB GYN f/you b) Inevitable abortion - if < 20 wee
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Inferior leads
Ranson's criteria
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
29. School/work outbreak - Common viruses: rotavirus - norwalk - adenovirus - astrovirus - last 24 to 48 hours - ALWAYS DX as VOMITING AND DIARRHEA - never use the term viral gastroenteritis (CYA medicine) Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lIpase - UA - general
ED workup of kidney stones
ED treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Viral Gastroenteritis
Additional cardiac Tests
30. Directly invades the intestine - s/s abd pain - watery or bloody diarrhea - vomiting
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
Gonorrhea
Other major arteries
Common risk factors for UGIB
31. Given to any woman that is Rh Negative who is HCG positive and has any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy - to Rh Negative patients (prevent formation of anti Rh antibodies - against baby)
Define Biliary colic
When is Rho GAM used
Additional cardiac Tests
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
32. HR/pulse: 60-100 - Bp: 120/80 - Resp rate: 16-20 - Temp 97-99 - O2 sat > 94% - Pain!!! - 6th vital sign
Kidney Stones
Ascending Cholangitis
The vital signs
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
33. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa
Define Biliary colic
Viral Gastroenteritis
Tx of CHF
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
34. Def: Defect in the intimal layer of the aorta allows for blood to enter space between vascular layers - Risk actors: age - HTN - Connective tissue dz (marphans) - bicuspid aortic valve - coarctation of the aorta - inflam dz of aorta - atherosclerosi
Chlamydia
Ovarian Cysts
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
What is a large bore IV?
35. Same as Early miscarriage - os open - bleeding - but some POC's (prod of conception) expelled. TX: D & C Complete AB: same as miscariage - but OS closed and all POC's expelled
What should be done after CDAB's
Chlamydia
Incomplete abortion
Cardiac Enzymes
36. Placenta previa - vaginal/cervical trauma - polyps - genital infections - hemorrhoids - onset of labor (no fetal distress) - placental abruption (have fetal distress)
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Viral Gastroenteritis
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
37. Look for ST elevation in at least 2 contiguous lead (at least 1mm) - may see a new LBBB - Reciprocal changes - T wave inversion (end of the infarct or old) - Q waves (old infarct)
Ovarian Torsion
Other major arteries
Bradycardia
EKG changes
38. Most due to E coli - Lower UTI - bladder and /or urethra - Upper UTI: bladder - urethra and kidneys (so ureters to) S/S: dysuria - urgency and frequency - may be asymptomatic in prego - elderly and immunosuppressed - may see confusion or AMS Tx: Uri
UTI
Urosepsis
Dx of Aortic dissection
Triage
39. Start IVF resuscitaiton - IV access or IO as second option - Thready pulses indicate hypotension and poor perfusion - Check frequent BP to reassess
Endocarditis
Stable vs unstable angina`
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Divertriculitis
40. Right Coronary artery - SA node branch (anterior) - Acute marginal artery (anterior) - AV node branch (posterior) - Posterior descending artery (posterior)
RCA
Pain scale for infants
Additional cardiac Tests
Breathing
41. IVF w crystalloid CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lipase - UA - urine cx - HCG - Abdominal/pelvis CT with NO CONTRAST (if suspect a stone) - Ultrasound is an alternative - will show hydronephrosis - Pain control - Dilaudid 1 mg IV - Toradol 30 mg IV (caution
ED workup of kidney stones
Common risk factors for LGIB
Chlamydia
Syphillis
42. Abd pain: varies - achy - burning - Melena: dark - tarry stool (UGIB) - Hematemesis - vomiting blood - Hematochezia - BRBPR - Hypotension - tachycardia - Pallor - Guaiac + rectal exam
Ectopic Pregnancy
Appendicitis
Incomplete abortion
Common Presentation of GIB
43. Sepsis due to urologic infection - common in elderly - 2 large bore IV - crystalloid IVF - Blood cultures - IV antibiotics - hosptial admission
Urosepsis
Inferior leads
Incidence of AMI
Types of GI bleeds
44. Fluid filled sacs within the ovary - Common in infancy and teens - Causes: ovarian stimulation (in vitro fertilization) - hypothyroid - prego - PCOS
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Ascending Cholangitis
Ovarian Cysts
Placenta Previa
45. Explosive - frothy and foul smellng diarrhea - Entamoeba hystlytica - crypto - isospora (HIV)
Define Biliary colic
Incomplete abortion
What is a large bore IV?
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
46. Left coronary artery (short and branches quickly)
LCA
Dx of Aortic dissection
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Triage
47. Bp diffrence between R and L arms: > 20 difference in systolic or > 15 mm Hg difference in diastolic - Aortography - gold standard - CT scan with contrast - EKG - CXR - widended mediastinum - obliteraiton of aortic knowb - tracheal deviation - L hemo
What to do with weak/thready pulses
Appendicitis work up
Dx of Aortic dissection
Chlamydia
48. Risk Factors: PID - Mirena IUD - tubal surgery - pelvic surgery - endometriosis - IVF -DES exposure S/S - R or L adnexal tenderness - R shoulder pain could be referred pain from intraabdominal hemorrhage (gallbladder - liver also) - Workup -CBC - C
Appendicitis work up
Ectopic Pregnancy
Gonorrhea
LCA
49. Old age - chronic anticoagulation - divertriculosis
Appendicitis work up
Ectopic Pregnancy
Common risk factors for LGIB
Where to check pulses
50. Major criteria (2 each) - Positive blood cultures - Positive echo - Mass or abscess pressent Minor criteria - fevers - IVDU - roth spot (retinal hemorrhage) - Janeway lesions (nails) - Ostlers nodes (painful raised lesions on hands and feet)
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Lateral Leads
How to monitor CDAB
STEMI vs Nstemi