SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Explosive - frothy and foul smellng diarrhea - Entamoeba hystlytica - crypto - isospora (HIV)
EMTALA
Miscarriage
When to do a pelvic exam
Types of Infectious diarrhea Protozo -Giardia (dirty water sources)
2. Left coronary artery (short and branches quickly)
Syphillis
The vital signs
Endocarditis
LCA
3. For any chest pain due to COCAINE USE!!! (because cocaine makes the arteries spasm)
When are Beta Blockers contraindicated
ED workup of kidney stones
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
4. Major criteria (2 each) - Positive blood cultures - Positive echo - Mass or abscess pressent Minor criteria - fevers - IVDU - roth spot (retinal hemorrhage) - Janeway lesions (nails) - Ostlers nodes (painful raised lesions on hands and feet)
Genital Herpes
Lateral Leads
DUKE criteria for endocarditis
Emergency Severity Index
5. Abd pain: varies - achy - burning - Melena: dark - tarry stool (UGIB) - Hematemesis - vomiting blood - Hematochezia - BRBPR - Hypotension - tachycardia - Pallor - Guaiac + rectal exam
Common Presentation of GIB
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Viral Gastroenteritis
6. Gram negative - contaminated salads (mayo) - dairy - mean. Severe Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)'
Types of Infectious diarrhea Shigella
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Ectopic Pregnancy
Incomplete abortion
7. Categorize based on severity: 1 to 5 1 - most severe: cyanotic/not breathing - unreseponsive or not talking 2 - MI (life threatening but talking) 3- appendicitis/ abdomino pelvic pain 4- ankle swelling - broken leg 5- suture removal Things you ca
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
Supplemental O2
Emergency Severity Index
8. Due to HSV-1 S/S: painful vesicles after 1-2 weeks of exposure - HA - fever - dysuria - myalgias. First outbreak lasts 2-3 weeks - likely to recur DxL PCR from vesicular fluid Tx: Acyclovir 400 mg po TID x 2 weeks or Valacyclovir x 10 days. Most pat
Genital Herpes
Testicular Torsion
Tx of CHF
RCA
9. Abnormal dilatation of the arterial wall - most common in abdominal area below renal arteries - risk factors; atherosclerosis - age - HTN - smoking - connective tissue dz - fam hx - hyperlipidemia - DM - S/S : often ASYMPTOMATIC - dull abd or back pa
Kidney Stones
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
RCA
10. Active internal bleeding - hx hemorrhagic stroke/TIA in the past year - Intracranial tumor - AV malformation or aneurysm - suspected aortic dissection or tamponade - Severe bleeding disorder - Head trauma - Intracranial procedure
Testicular Torsion
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Common risk factors for UGIB
How to monitor CDAB
11. HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT: assess if airway is obstructed vs. open - look for foreign body - vomit - blood. - JAW THRUST - if C-spine injury suspected - 30 compressions for every 2 breaths - Give one breath every 5-6 sections (don't over-ventilate the pat
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Cardiac Enzymes
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
How to assess Airway
12. V1-V2 Right Posterior Descending Artery
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
Acute Coronary syndrome
Posterior
Placental Abruption
13. Reassess circulation: compression - check cardiac rhythm - pulse - give meds to help Bp or rhythm prn - Monitor Oxygen and IV - DDx -goalis to find and treat reversible causes
Appendicitis work up
When to do a pelvic exam
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
How to monitor CDAB
14. Gallbladder inflammation - often from prolonged obstruction of stones - Pain more severe than biliary coli - assoc w/ fever and lasts 6+ hours - Common bacteria: gram - - strep - anaerobes
Define Acute Cholecystitis
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Kidney Stones
Types of GI bleeds
15. Spontaneous abortion - Never CALL IT ABORTION IN FRONT OF PATIENT
Emergency Severity Index
When to do a pelvic exam
Miscarriage
Acute Coronary syndrome
16. IVF with crystalloids - RhoGAM for Rh Negative - Abx if sepsis or suspect retained POC - D and C if retained POC's - F/you with OB GYN in 48 hours - monitor HCG is trending down - Return for worsening sxs
Types of Infectious diarrhea E coli
Kidney Stones
ED treatment of a Miscarriage
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
17. Common STI- S/S: skin pustules - fever - monarticular septic arthritis. - may be asymptomatic in females - or cervicitis - PID Males: epididimytis - urethritis - prostatitis Dx: cervical or urethral culture swab Tx: Ceftriaxone IM x 1or Cefixime 4
Viral Gastroenteritis
When is Rho GAM used
Pericarditis
Gonorrhea
18. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act - hospitals are obligated to screen/treat a patient in the ER regardless of insurance - if a emergency medical condition exists - they must stabilize the patient before transferring or d/c the patient
Ectopic Pregnancy
EMTALA
Bradycardia
Posterior
19. V1-V3 - V2-V4 Means LAD (left anterior descending) involved
Divertriculitis
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
Common risk factors for UGIB
Endocarditis
20. Shock to electrically terminate abnormal heart rate and restart. - The earlier a fibrillating heart is defibrillated - the more successful (survival drops by 10% with each minute)
Defibrillation
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
21. BRADYCARDIA - due to depressed SA node act or delayed conduction - excessive beta blockers - HR < 50 BPM - Tx: Atropine - Pacing ready / defibrillator prn - treat underlying cause (electrolyte imbalance - drugs - hypothermia)
Lateral Leads
The vital signs
Bradycardia
Incidence of AMI
22. Inflammation of the pericardial sac with or without effusion - S/S: sharp - pleuritic chest pain that's worse when laying down - pericardial friction rub on exam - ST elevations in ALL leads!!! - depressed PR intervals
Divertriculitis
Aortic Dissection definition - risks and S/S
Define Biliary colic
Pericarditis
23. U GIB - ** DARK STOOLS - above the ligament of Treitz: Esophageal varices - Dieulafoy lesion - PUD - Mallory Weiss Tear - LGIB: ** BRight red blood - below lig of Treitz AVM (Atrio-venous malformation) -Divertriculitis - Meckel's divertriculum - colo
How to monitor CDAB
Types of GI bleeds
Placental Abruption
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
24. HR/pulse: 60-100 - Bp: 120/80 - Resp rate: 16-20 - Temp 97-99 - O2 sat > 94% - Pain!!! - 6th vital sign
Genital Herpes
Cardiac Enzymes
The vital signs
What is a large bore IV?
25. School/work outbreak - Common viruses: rotavirus - norwalk - adenovirus - astrovirus - last 24 to 48 hours - ALWAYS DX as VOMITING AND DIARRHEA - never use the term viral gastroenteritis (CYA medicine) Tx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - lIpase - UA - general
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
Viral Gastroenteritis
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Contraindications for thrombolytics
26. CDAB - Circulation (rapid CPR to reestablish circulation) - Defibrillaiton - Airway - Breathing - the main goal is to restore effective oxygenation -ventilation and circulation until return of spontaneous circulation or ACLS
When to do a pelvic exam
Contraindications for thrombolytics
Additional cardiac Tests
Initial steps in stabilizing a patient
27. Directly invades the intestine - s/s abd pain - watery or bloody diarrhea - vomiting
Emergency Severity Index
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Ranson's criteria
Types of Infectious diarrhea Yersinia
28. Incarcerated - means cannot reduce - Strangulated - bowel edema is compromosing blood flow
What is a large bore IV?
Pancreatitis work up
Incarcerated vs strangulated hernias
GIB work up
29. Pay attention to resp rate - breathing pattern (normal vs. agonic breaths) - O2 sats - goal is > 94% - Chest rise/tidal volume - Waveform Capnography: measures CO2 input and output. Best measure for assessing ventilation - Bag-valve-mask helps patie
Lateral Leads
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Breathing
Bradycardia
30. Infection of endocardium and/or heart valves due to Strep bacteria (viridans or aureus) and HACEK species - Risk factors: IVDU - structural heart abomality - prosthetic valve - rheumatic heart dz - HIV Tx: IV antibioticx x 4 weeks
What should be done after CDAB's
Ovarian Cysts
Additional cardiac Tests
Endocarditis
31. MONA - morphine - oxygen - nitroglycerin (sublingual or IV) -Aspirin 325 mg (consider Integrilin in high risk patients) - Beta Blocker (metoprolol) - decrease streght of heart contractility within first hour - Cardiology cx --> PCI vs surgery prn? -
Incidence of AMI
Pancreatitis work up
Tx of Unstable Angina
Acute Coronary syndrome
32. Main cause - hernias and adhesions. Other causes: CA - IBD - bezoar - gallstones - intussusception - Ascaris worm if travel - - Diagnostic Tests = KUB --> look or air/ fluid - levels and dilated loops of bowel - also CT scan Labs: CBC - chem 7 - LF
SBO
GIB work up
Anteroseptal leads and Anterior
Missed Abortion
33. Given to any woman that is Rh Negative who is HCG positive and has any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy - to Rh Negative patients (prevent formation of anti Rh antibodies - against baby)
How to assess Airway
What to do with weak/thready pulses
GIB work up
When is Rho GAM used
34. Leads I - aVL - V4-V6 - Left circumflex artery
Lateral Leads
Ectopic Pregnancy
RCA
Viral Gastroenteritis
35. Coffee bean signs on KUB for sigmoid volvulus - can also have cecal volvulus - 10% of LBO are sigmoid volvulus
Ovarian Torsion
Pericarditis
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Chlamydia
36. Testis twists on a spermatic cord - restore blood flow in 6 hours or may have infertility - common at puberty and in 1 year olds - High risk - Bell Clapper Deformity (tunica vaginalis isterts high on the spermatic cord) - horizontal lie spermatic cor
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Cardiac Enzymes
Pericarditis
Testicular Torsion
37. Obstruction of appendiceal lumen (fecalith) - leads to edema - ischemia - infection - necrosis - ? perf and peritonitis - +Rosvig's sign (push and feel on opposite side)
Emergency Severity Index
Appendicitis work up
Urosepsis
Appendicitis
38. Rectal exam for EVERYONE with belly pain - EKG (don't want to r/o MI) - Labs: CBC - chem 7 - PTT - blood type and screen/cross (in case need blood transfusion) - H Pylori: Rapid urease test or IgG / IgM - Endoscopy for UGIB (can be done in ED) - Colo
ED Tx of GIB
GIB work up
Appendicitis work up
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
39. Risk Factors: PID - Mirena IUD - tubal surgery - pelvic surgery - endometriosis - IVF -DES exposure S/S - R or L adnexal tenderness - R shoulder pain could be referred pain from intraabdominal hemorrhage (gallbladder - liver also) - Workup -CBC - C
LCA
Pancreatitis work up
The vital signs
Ectopic Pregnancy
40. FLACC Face - legs - activity - cry - consolability (0 - 1 - 2)
Divertriculitis
Pain scale for infants
Types of Infectious diarrhea Campylobacter
Defibrillation
41. Look for ST elevation in at least 2 contiguous lead (at least 1mm) - may see a new LBBB - Reciprocal changes - T wave inversion (end of the infarct or old) - Q waves (old infarct)
Stable vs unstable angina`
Cardiac Tamponade
EKG changes
Volvulus
42. Bp diffrence between R and L arms: > 20 difference in systolic or > 15 mm Hg difference in diastolic - Aortography - gold standard - CT scan with contrast - EKG - CXR - widended mediastinum - obliteraiton of aortic knowb - tracheal deviation - L hemo
Divertriculitis
Incomplete abortion
The vital signs
Dx of Aortic dissection
43. Same as Early miscarriage - os open - bleeding - but some POC's (prod of conception) expelled. TX: D & C Complete AB: same as miscariage - but OS closed and all POC's expelled
Early miscarriage (20 weeks)
Incidence of AMI
Tachycardia
Incomplete abortion
44. Rare STI - increaseing now - due to AIDs - S/S - rash or chancre - serologic testing of blood or CSF - TxL Benzathine penicillin or Doxy x 2 weeks
Chlamydia
Syphillis
Common risk factors for LGIB
Gonorrhea
45. Placenta previa - vaginal/cervical trauma - polyps - genital infections - hemorrhoids - onset of labor (no fetal distress) - placental abruption (have fetal distress)
Hypertensive Emergency
Causes of 3rd trimester bleeding
Triage
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
46. Often embolic phenomenon triggered by afib or endocarditis - 6 P's: Pain - pallor - paralysis - paresthesias - poikilothermia - pulselessness - DX: dopplers with ABI - ankle brachial index
Acute Coronary syndrome
How to monitor CDAB
Types of GI bleeds
Acute Arterial occlusion - to lower extremities
47. Most due to E coli - Lower UTI - bladder and /or urethra - Upper UTI: bladder - urethra and kidneys (so ureters to) S/S: dysuria - urgency and frequency - may be asymptomatic in prego - elderly and immunosuppressed - may see confusion or AMS Tx: Uri
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
UTI
Stable vs. Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
Volvulus
48. Charcot's Triad - Fever - Jaundice - RUQ pain - bacteria enters the biliary tract thru Sphincter of Oddi - Increase risk after sphincterotomy - cholecochal surgery or biliary stent Dx: with ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Placenta Previa
Defibrillation
Divertriculitis
Ascending Cholangitis
49. Cysts rupture and cause pelvic bleeding --> peritonitis --> hypotension --> shock S/S: unilateral sharp - lower abd pain - work up: IVF w. crystalloids - - O2 prn - CBC - chem 7 - HCG - UA - ABO/Rh - PT/PTT - Pelvic ultrasound with color doppler fl
Incidence of AMI
LBO - Large bowel obstruction
Symptoms of Ruptured ovarian cysts
Common risk factors for LGIB
50. Infection/bacterial overgrowth of particles in divertricula - risk factors: old age - low fiber diet - chronic constipation - - Mostly occurs in sigmoid colon - Dx: CBC - chem 7 - LFT's - Lipase/Amylase - UA - HCG - Abd CT scan - Can do KUb if suspe
Appendicitis work up
How to monitor CDAB
Divertriculitis
Emergency Severity Index