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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






2. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






3. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






4. 6% body weight






5. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






6. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






7. 70% body weight






8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






9. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






10. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






11. 5% body weight






12. 40% body weight






13. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






14. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






15. 50 m;/kg/day






16. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






17. 8% body weight






18. Extracellular water + intracellular water






19. Interstitial fluid + blood






20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






21. 20% body weight






22. 60% body weight






23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






24. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






25. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






27. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






28. Urinary -fecal






29. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






30. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






31. Sodium and associated anions






32. Lateral neck skin






33. Lower eyelid






34. The loss of intravascular fluid.






35. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






36. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






37. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






38. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






39. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






40. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






41. 300 mosm/L






42. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






43. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






44. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






45. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






46. Albumin






47. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






48. Changes in body weight over time.






49. Total body water






50. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration