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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






2. 70% body weight






3. Lower eyelid






4. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






5. 40% body weight






6. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






7. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






8. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






9. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






10. Urinary -fecal






11. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






12. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






13. Extracellular water + intracellular water






14. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






15. The concentration of effective osmoles.






16. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






17. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






18. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






19. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






20. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






21. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






23. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






24. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






25. 20 to 25 mmHG






26. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






27. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






28. Total body water






29. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






30. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






31. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






32. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






33. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






34. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






35. 30% body weight






36. 40 ml/kg/day






37. Sodium and associated anions






38. The loss of intravascular fluid.






39. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






40. 4% body weight






41. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






42. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






43. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






44. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






45. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






46. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






47. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






48. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






49. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






50. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.







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