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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sodium and associated anions






2. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






3. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






4. Changes in body weight over time.






5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






6. 6% body weight






7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






8. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






11. Lateral neck skin






12. 8% body weight






13. Urinary -fecal






14. 40 ml/kg/day






15. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






16. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






17. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






18. Total body water






19. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






20. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






21. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






23. 40% body weight






24. Potential for transfusion reactions.






25. Interstitial fluid + blood






26. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






28. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






29. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






31. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






32. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






33. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






35. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






36. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






37. The concentration of effective osmoles.






38. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






39. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






41. Extracellular water + intracellular water






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






44. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






45. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






46. 50 m;/kg/day






47. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






48. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






49. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






50. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium