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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






2. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






4. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






5. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






6. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






7. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






8. Total body water






9. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






10. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






11. Sodium and associated anions






12. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






13. 30% body weight






14. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






15. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






17. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






18. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






19. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






20. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






22. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






23. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






24. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






25. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






26. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






27. Lower eyelid






28. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






29. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. 40% body weight






32. 300 mosm/L






33. 4% body weight






34. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






35. The concentration of effective osmoles.






36. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






37. Albumin






38. Changes in body weight over time.






39. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






40. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






41. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






42. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






43. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






44. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






45. 70% body weight






46. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






48. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






49. The loss of intravascular fluid.






50. 5% body weight