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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20% body weight






2. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






3. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






4. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






5. 30% body weight






6. 5% body weight






7. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






9. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






10. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






11. 40 ml/kg/day






12. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






13. Potential for transfusion reactions.






14. Extracellular water + intracellular water






15. The concentration of effective osmoles.






16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






18. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






19. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






20. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






21. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






22. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






23. 4% body weight






24. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






25. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






26. 20 to 25 mmHG






27. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






28. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






30. Changes in body weight over time.






31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






32. Lateral neck skin






33. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






34. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






35. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






36. 40% body weight






37. The loss of intravascular fluid.






38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






39. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






40. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






41. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






42. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






43. 6% body weight






44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






45. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






46. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






47. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






48. 60% body weight






49. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






50. Total body water