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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






2. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






4. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






5. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






6. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






10. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






11. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






12. Albumin






13. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






14. Urinary -fecal






15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






16. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






17. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






18. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






19. 20 to 25 mmHG






20. 6% body weight






21. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






22. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






23. The loss of intravascular fluid.






24. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






25. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






26. 8% body weight






27. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






28. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






29. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






30. Potential for transfusion reactions.






31. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






32. 4% body weight






33. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






34. 40% body weight






35. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






36. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






37. 60% body weight






38. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






39. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






40. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






41. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






42. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






43. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






44. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






45. 70% body weight






46. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






47. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






48. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






49. 40 ml/kg/day






50. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation