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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
plasma volume in adults
most important colloid in the blood
2. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
ICF in large animals
blood volume in cats
properties of isotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
signs of hypovolemia
primary effect of colloids
4. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
maintenance water requirement
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
5. Lateral neck skin
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
6. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
bloodwork changes and dehydration
sensible fluid losses
shock dose for hypertonic saline
7. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
8. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
iso-omolality of the body
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance water requirement
9. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
sensible fluid losses
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
10. Sodium and associated anions
sensible fluid losses
goal of maintenance fluids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
typical uses for IV route of administration
11. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
skin elasticity test
ICF in large animals
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
12. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
canine plasma
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
13. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
14. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
interstitial fluid
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
general properties of crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
15. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
potassium
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
16. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
skin elasticity test
categorizations of crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
17. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
complications of catheterization
interstitial fluid
hypovolemia
18. The concentration of effective osmoles.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
tonicity
19. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
20. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ECF in large animal adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
21. The loss of intravascular fluid.
indications for canine plasma
hypovolemia
dehydration
hypertonic crystalloids
22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
properties of isotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
bloodwork changes and dehydration
23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
insensible losses
hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
24. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
blood volume in adults
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult horse
25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
complications of catheterization
normal osmolality of body fluid
hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
26. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hydroxyethyl starch
27. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
ECF in small animal adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
signs of hypovolemia
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
28. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
interstitial fluid
primary effect of colloids
categorizations of crystalloids
29. 20% body weight
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
ECF in small animal adults
hydroxyethyl starch
30. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
31. 300 mosm/L
total osmolality
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
normal osmolality of body fluid
ECF in small animal adults
32. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
33. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
skin elasticity test
sensible fluid losses
total body water (TBW)
34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
typical uses for IV route of administration
sodium
shock dose for hypertonic saline
35. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
sodium
iso-omolality of the body
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
37. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
advantages of the IV route of administration
insensible losses
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hypotonic crystalloids
38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
39. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
ECF in small animal adults
40. 4% body weight
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
plasma volume in cats
41. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
plasma volume in cats
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
advantages of the IO route of administration
42. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
adverse effects of canine plasma
advantages of the IV route of administration
ineffective osmole
43. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
shock does for hetastarch
hydration parameters for physical examone
normal vascular oncotic pressure
canine plasma
44. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
canine plasma
45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
sodium
shock dose for hypertonic saline
TBW in adults
hydration parameters for physical examone
46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
adverse effects of canine plasma
anion gap
insensible losses
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
47. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
interstitial fluid
48. Potential for transfusion reactions.
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
adverse effects of canine plasma
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
49. 6% body weight
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IO route of administration
50. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult horse
complications of the SC route of administration
skin elasticity test