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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






2. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






4. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






5. 8% body weight






6. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






7. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






8. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






9. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






10. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






11. The loss of intravascular fluid.






12. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






13. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






15. The concentration of effective osmoles.






16. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






17. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






18. Total body water






19. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






22. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






23. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






24. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






25. 60% body weight






26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






27. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






28. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






29. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






30. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






31. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






32. 50 m;/kg/day






33. 30% body weight






34. Lateral neck skin






35. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






36. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






37. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






38. 30% body weight






39. 5% body weight






40. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






41. Albumin






42. 300 mosm/L






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






47. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






48. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






49. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






50. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.