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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






2. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






3. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






4. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






5. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






6. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






7. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






8. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






9. The loss of intravascular fluid.






10. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






11. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






12. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






13. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






14. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






15. 40 ml/kg/day






16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






17. 20 to 25 mmHG






18. Albumin






19. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






21. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






22. 4% body weight






23. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






24. 40% body weight






25. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






26. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






27. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






28. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






29. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






30. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






31. Total body water






32. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






33. 5% body weight






34. 30% body weight






35. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






36. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






37. 30% body weight






38. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






39. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






40. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






41. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






42. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






43. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






44. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






45. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






46. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






47. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






48. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






49. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






50. Lateral neck skin