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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






2. 5% body weight






3. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






4. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






5. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






6. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






7. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






8. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






9. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






10. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






11. 30% body weight






12. 70% body weight






13. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






14. 8% body weight






15. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






16. Total body water






17. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






18. 40% body weight






19. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






20. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






21. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






22. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






23. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






24. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






25. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






26. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






27. Potential for transfusion reactions.






28. 300 mosm/L






29. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






30. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






31. The loss of intravascular fluid.






32. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






33. 50 m;/kg/day






34. 4% body weight






35. Changes in body weight over time.






36. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






38. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






39. 20 to 25 mmHG






40. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






41. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






42. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






43. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






44. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






45. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






46. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






47. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






48. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






49. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






50. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement