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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






2. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






3. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






4. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






5. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






6. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






7. 60% body weight






8. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






9. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






10. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






11. 70% body weight






12. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






13. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






14. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






15. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






17. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






18. 8% body weight






19. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






20. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






21. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






22. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






25. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






26. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






27. Albumin






28. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






29. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






30. The loss of intravascular fluid.






31. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






32. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






33. 30% body weight






34. Lower eyelid






35. 70% body weight






36. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






37. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






38. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






39. 6% body weight






40. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






41. 5% body weight






42. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






43. 40% body weight






44. Extracellular water + intracellular water






45. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






46. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






47. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






48. Potential for transfusion reactions.






49. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






50. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus