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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






2. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






3. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






4. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






5. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






6. 70% body weight






7. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






8. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






9. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






10. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






12. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






13. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






14. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






15. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






16. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






17. Lower eyelid






18. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






19. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






20. 30% body weight






21. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






22. 6% body weight






23. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






24. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






25. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






26. Interstitial fluid + blood






27. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






28. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






30. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






31. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






32. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






33. 50 m;/kg/day






34. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






35. Urinary -fecal






36. 40% body weight






37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






38. Extracellular water + intracellular water






39. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






42. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






43. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






44. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






45. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






46. 70% body weight






47. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






48. 4% body weight






49. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






50. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity