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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






2. 8% body weight






3. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






4. 70% body weight






5. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






6. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






7. The concentration of effective osmoles.






8. Total body water






9. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






10. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






11. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






12. 4% body weight






13. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






14. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






15. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






16. Changes in body weight over time.






17. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






18. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






19. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






20. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






21. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






22. 60% body weight






23. Lower eyelid






24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






25. Albumin






26. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






28. 5% body weight






29. Potential for transfusion reactions.






30. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






33. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






34. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






35. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






36. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






37. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






38. 50 m;/kg/day






39. The loss of intravascular fluid.






40. 300 mosm/L






41. Sodium and associated anions






42. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






44. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






45. 6% body weight






46. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






47. 20 to 25 mmHG






48. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






49. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






50. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.