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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






2. 4% body weight






3. Interstitial fluid + blood






4. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






5. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






6. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






7. 70% body weight






8. 50 m;/kg/day






9. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






10. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






11. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






12. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






13. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






14. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






15. 8% body weight






16. 20% body weight






17. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






18. Urinary -fecal






19. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






20. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






21. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






22. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






23. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






24. 6% body weight






25. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






26. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






27. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






28. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






29. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






30. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






31. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






32. 300 mosm/L






33. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






34. 40 ml/kg/day






35. 70% body weight






36. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






37. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






38. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






39. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






40. 5% body weight






41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






42. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






43. Lower eyelid






44. Extracellular water + intracellular water






45. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






46. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






47. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






48. 40% body weight






49. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






50. Lateral neck skin