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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






2. 50 m;/kg/day






3. Lateral neck skin






4. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






5. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






6. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






7. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






8. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






10. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






11. 30% body weight






12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






13. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






14. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






15. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






17. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






18. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






19. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






20. Extracellular water + intracellular water






21. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






22. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






23. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






24. 30% body weight






25. 60% body weight






26. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






27. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






28. 20% body weight






29. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






30. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






31. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






32. Changes in body weight over time.






33. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






34. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






35. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. Interstitial fluid + blood






37. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






38. Urinary -fecal






39. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






40. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






42. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






45. 4% body weight






46. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






47. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






48. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






49. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






50. 20 to 25 mmHG