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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






2. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






3. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






4. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






5. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






6. 20% body weight






7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






8. 5% body weight






9. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






10. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






12. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






13. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






14. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






15. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






16. Sodium and associated anions






17. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






18. 30% body weight






19. 40% body weight






20. Albumin






21. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






24. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






26. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






27. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






28. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






29. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






30. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






31. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






32. 40 ml/kg/day






33. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






34. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






35. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






36. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






37. Urinary -fecal






38. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






39. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






40. Lateral neck skin






41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






42. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






43. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






44. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






45. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






47. Extracellular water + intracellular water






48. 70% body weight






49. The loss of intravascular fluid.






50. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75