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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids
2. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
potassium
insensible losses
3. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
plasma volume in adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
general properties of crystalloids
4. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
law of electroneutrality
complications of the SC route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
5. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
hypovolemia
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
goal of maintenance fluids
6. 4% body weight
advantages of the SC route of administration
indications for canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
typical uses for IO route of administration
7. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
primary effect of colloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
interstitial fluid
8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
extracellular fluid (ECF)
iso-omolality of the body
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
9. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
ICF is small animals
indications for canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cat
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
10. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
general properties of crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
11. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
phases of a fluid therapy plan
12. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
types of the fluids used for maintenance
potassium
ICF in large animals
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
13. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
mucous membrane moistness
shock dose for hypertonic saline
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
14. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
plasma volume in adults
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
15. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance water requirement
shock dose for hypertonic saline
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
16. Changes in body weight over time.
advantages of the IV route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
adverse effects of canine plasma
shock does for hetastarch
17. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
total osmolality
ICF in large animals
18. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
general properties of crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
19. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
ICF in large animals
adverse effects of canine plasma
hypotonic crystalloids
20. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
21. 30% body weight
plasma volume in cats
ICF in large animals
categorizations of crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
22. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
maintenance for a normal adult cat
types of the fluids used for maintenance
tonicity
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
23. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
plasma volume in adults
plasma volume in cats
alkalinizing crystalloids
24. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
edema
total body water (TBW)
Vetstarch
25. Lower eyelid
advantages of the IV route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
26. 20% body weight
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
shock does for hetastarch
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ECF in small animal adults
27. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
28. Lateral neck skin
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
29. The concentration of effective osmoles.
iso-omolality of the body
tonicity
interstitial fluid
types of the fluids used for maintenance
30. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
complications of the SC route of administration
31. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
edema
hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
32. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
acidifying crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
traditional shock dose
33. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
normal vascular oncotic pressure
osmolality
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
34. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
advantages of the SC route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
35. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
tonicity
maintenance for a normal adult cow
law of electroneutrality
36. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
complications of the SC route of administration
law of electroneutrality
37. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
typical uses for IO route of administration
ICF is small animals
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
38. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
anion gap
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
shock dose for hypertonic saline
39. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
effective osmoles
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
40. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
42. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
general properties of crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
maintenance for a normal adult cat
43. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
hypovolemia
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
potassium
44. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
signs of hypovolemia
complications of catheterization
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
45. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
types of the fluids used for maintenance
advantages of the IO route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
46. Albumin
mucous membrane moistness
typical uses for IO route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
47. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
48. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
plasma volume in cats
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
goal of maintenance fluids
49. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the SC route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
advantages of the IO route of administration
50. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
mucous membrane moistness
skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch