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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 300 mosm/L






2. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






3. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






4. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






5. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






6. 5% body weight






7. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






8. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






9. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






10. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






11. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






12. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






13. Changes in body weight over time.






14. Albumin






15. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






16. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






17. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






18. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






19. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






20. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






21. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






24. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






25. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






26. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






27. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






28. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






30. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






31. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






32. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






33. Lateral neck skin






34. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






35. 40% body weight






36. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






37. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






38. 60% body weight






39. The loss of intravascular fluid.






40. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






44. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






45. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






47. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.