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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 30% body weight
mucous membrane moistness
total body water (TBW)
ICF in large animals
shock does for hetastarch
2. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
3. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
typical uses for IV route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
4. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
acidifying crystalloids
traditional shock dose
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
alkalinizing crystalloids
5. 40 ml/kg/day
normal vascular oncotic pressure
maintenance for a normal adult horse
iso-omolality of the body
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
6. Potential for transfusion reactions.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
mucous membrane moistness
edema
adverse effects of canine plasma
7. 30% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ECF in small animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
ECF in large animal adults
8. Urinary -fecal
maintenance for a normal adult cow
sensible fluid losses
total body water (TBW)
maintenance for a normal adult dog
9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
dehydration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
10. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
maintenance for a normal adult cow
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
acidifying crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
11. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
mucous membrane moistness
maintenance for a normal adult horse
ineffective osmole
typical uses for IV route of administration
12. 6% body weight
tonicity
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
13. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
signs of hypovolemia
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
14. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
categorizations of crystalloids
15. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
alkalinizing crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
potassium
most important colloid in the blood
16. Interstitial fluid + blood
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
extracellular fluid (ECF)
17. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
ineffective osmole
adverse effects of canine plasma
18. 70% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
law of electroneutrality
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
19. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
TBW in adults
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
20. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
Vetstarch
edema
advantages of the SC route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
21. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hypotonic crystalloids
anion gap
22. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
dehydration
23. Total body water
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
tonicity
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
acidifying crystalloids
24. Sodium and associated anions
traditional shock dose
maintenance for a normal adult dog
insensible losses
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
25. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
dehydration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult dog
26. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
alkalinizing crystalloids
anion gap
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
27. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
signs of hypovolemia
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
28. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
adverse effects of canine plasma
ICF in large animals
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
29. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
extracellular fluid (ECF)
Vetstarch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
hypotonic crystalloids
31. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
primary effect of colloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
33. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
effective osmoles
signs of hypovolemia
acidifying crystalloids
TBW in adults
34. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
signs of hypovolemia
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
35. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
ICF is small animals
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
acidifying crystalloids
canine plasma
36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
plasma volume in cats
adverse effects of canine plasma
mucous membrane moistness
37. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
general properties of crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in cats
iso-omolality of the body
38. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
39. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult cat
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
40. 20 to 25 mmHG
plasma volume in cats
normal vascular oncotic pressure
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
41. 60% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
TBW in adults
mucous membrane moistness
indications for canine plasma
42. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
TBW in adults
osmolality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
signs of hypovolemia
43. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
law of electroneutrality
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
44. 4% body weight
goals of fluid resuscitation
maintenance for a normal adult cow
advantages of the IV route of administration
plasma volume in cats
45. 300 mosm/L
hydroxyethyl starch
hydration parameters for physical examone
normal osmolality of body fluid
total body water (TBW)
46. The loss of intravascular fluid.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
advantages of the IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
47. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
48. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
49. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
plasma volume in adults
advantages of the IO route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
skin elasticity test
50. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
alkalinizing crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
properties of isotonic crystalloids
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