Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






3. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






5. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






6. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






8. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






10. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






11. 40% body weight






12. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






13. Extracellular water + intracellular water






14. Urinary -fecal






15. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






16. Changes in body weight over time.






17. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






18. 70% body weight






19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






20. Albumin






21. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






22. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






23. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






24. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






25. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






26. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






27. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






28. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






29. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






30. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






31. 40 ml/kg/day






32. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






33. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






34. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






35. 30% body weight






36. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






37. 40% body weight






38. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






39. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






40. Interstitial fluid + blood






41. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






42. 70% body weight






43. The loss of intravascular fluid.






44. Total body water






45. 60% body weight






46. 6% body weight






47. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






48. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






50. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight