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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






2. 5% body weight






3. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






4. Total body water






5. Interstitial fluid + blood






6. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






7. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






8. Urinary -fecal






9. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






10. 8% body weight






11. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






12. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






13. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






14. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






15. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






16. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






17. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






18. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






19. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






20. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






21. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






22. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






23. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






24. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






25. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






28. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






29. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






30. 50 m;/kg/day






31. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






32. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






33. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






34. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






35. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






36. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






37. 30% body weight






38. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






39. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






40. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






41. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






42. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






43. 40% body weight






44. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






45. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






46. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






47. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






48. 30% body weight






49. 40 ml/kg/day






50. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.