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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loss of intravascular fluid.






2. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






3. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






4. 8% body weight






5. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






6. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






7. 20 to 25 mmHG






8. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






9. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






10. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






11. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






12. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






13. Potential for transfusion reactions.






14. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






15. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






16. 30% body weight






17. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






18. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






19. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






20. 60% body weight






21. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






22. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






23. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






24. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






25. Interstitial fluid + blood






26. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






27. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






28. Lower eyelid






29. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






30. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






32. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






33. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






34. Albumin






35. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






36. The concentration of effective osmoles.






37. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






38. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






39. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






40. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






41. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






42. 40% body weight






43. Changes in body weight over time.






44. 20% body weight






45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






46. Sodium and associated anions






47. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






48. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






49. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






50. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.