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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
2. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
maintenance water requirement
complications of catheterization
canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
advantages of the IO route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
4. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult cat
traditional shock dose
maintenance for a normal adult horse
5. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
categorizations of crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
complications of catheterization
6. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
bloodwork changes and dehydration
total osmolality
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
7. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
potassium
types of the fluids used for maintenance
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
8. Total body water
traditional shock dose
most important colloid in the blood
normal osmolality of body fluid
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
9. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
acidifying crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
advantages of the IO route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
10. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
complications of the SC route of administration
11. Sodium and associated anions
typical uses for IO route of administration
ineffective osmole
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
12. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
primary effect of colloids
total body water (TBW)
typical uses for IO route of administration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
13. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult cow
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
blood volume in adults
14. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ICF in large animals
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
15. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult dog
primary effect of colloids
17. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
typical uses for IO route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
18. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
edema
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
19. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
extracellular fluid (ECF)
20. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
most important colloid in the blood
potassium
maintenance for a normal adult cow
21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
22. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
skin elasticity test
traditional shock dose
most important colloid in the blood
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
23. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
advantages of the SC route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
24. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
complications of catheterization
traditional shock dose
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
25. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
primary effect of colloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
sodium
26. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
hypovolemia
general properties of crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
anion gap
27. Lower eyelid
effective osmoles
sodium
maintenance water requirement
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
28. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
insensible losses
ECF in large animal adults
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
29. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
normal vascular oncotic pressure
31. 40% body weight
anion gap
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
hypovolemia
32. 300 mosm/L
hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
shock does for hetastarch
normal osmolality of body fluid
33. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
typical uses for IO route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IO route of administration
34. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
bloodwork changes and dehydration
traditional shock dose
35. The concentration of effective osmoles.
edema
blood volume in cats
skin elasticity test
tonicity
36. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
skin elasticity test
ICF in large animals
ineffective osmole
hypertonic crystalloids
37. Albumin
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
most important colloid in the blood
normal vascular oncotic pressure
38. Changes in body weight over time.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
edema
39. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
signs of hypovolemia
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
40. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dehydration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
41. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
42. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
advantages of the SC route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
Vetstarch
blood volume in cats
43. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
complications of catheterization
canine plasma
44. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
normal osmolality of body fluid
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
sodium
mucous membrane moistness
45. 70% body weight
effective osmoles
maintenance for a normal adult cow
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
maintenance water requirement
46. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
Vetstarch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
ineffective osmole
47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
plasma volume in cats
properties of isotonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
48. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
alkalinizing crystalloids
49. The loss of intravascular fluid.
goal of maintenance fluids
tonicity
hypotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
50. 5% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
plasma volume in adults
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV