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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






2. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






3. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






4. Lateral neck skin






5. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






6. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






7. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






8. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






9. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






10. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






11. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






12. Lower eyelid






13. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






14. 20 to 25 mmHG






15. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






16. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






18. 50 m;/kg/day






19. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






20. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






21. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






22. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






23. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






24. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






25. 300 mosm/L






26. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






27. 40% body weight






28. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






29. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






30. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






31. 4% body weight






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. Changes in body weight over time.






34. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






36. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






37. Extracellular water + intracellular water






38. 5% body weight






39. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






40. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






41. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






42. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






43. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






44. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






45. Albumin






46. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






47. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






48. The loss of intravascular fluid.






49. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






50. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia







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