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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






2. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






3. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






4. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






5. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






6. 50 m;/kg/day






7. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






8. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






9. Lateral neck skin






10. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






11. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






13. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






14. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






15. 40% body weight






16. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






17. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






18. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






19. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






20. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






21. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






22. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






23. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






24. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






27. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






28. 4% body weight






29. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






30. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






31. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






32. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






33. 40 ml/kg/day






34. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






35. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






37. 70% body weight






38. Extracellular water + intracellular water






39. Sodium and associated anions






40. 70% body weight






41. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






42. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






43. 30% body weight






44. Changes in body weight over time.






45. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






46. 20% body weight






47. 6% body weight






48. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






49. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






50. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus