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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
signs of hypovolemia
categorizations of crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
2. 40 ml/kg/day
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
3. Extracellular water + intracellular water
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
total body water (TBW)
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult dog
4. 40% body weight
canine plasma
ICF is small animals
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
5. Sodium and associated anions
types of the fluids used for maintenance
edema
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
maintenance water requirement
6. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
7. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
advantages of the IO route of administration
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
anion gap
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
9. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
ICF in large animals
10. Total body water
ICF in large animals
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
11. 70% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
primary effect of colloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
12. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
advantages of the IV route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
canine plasma
14. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
extracellular fluid (ECF)
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
Vetstarch
15. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
types of the fluids used for maintenance
general properties of crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
osmolality
blood volume in adults
17. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
shock does for hetastarch
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
ICF in large animals
18. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
types of the fluids used for maintenance
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
total body water (TBW)
19. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
complications of catheterization
extracellular fluid (ECF)
mucous membrane moistness
skin elasticity test
20. 8% body weight
acidifying crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
blood volume in adults
21. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hypotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
22. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
typical uses for IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
most important colloid in the blood
23. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
TBW in adults
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
potassium
shock does for hetastarch
24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
maintenance for a normal adult cat
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ECF in small animal adults
typical uses for IV route of administration
25. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
categorizations of crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
26. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
phases of a fluid therapy plan
complications of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
27. 30% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance water requirement
signs of hypovolemia
28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
maintenance for a normal adult dog
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
29. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
total body water (TBW)
signs of hypovolemia
traditional shock dose
30. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
maintenance for a normal adult cow
categorizations of crystalloids
31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
potassium
advantages of the IV route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
32. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
hydration parameters for physical examone
insensible losses
indications for canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
sodium
hypovolemia
dehydration
typical uses for IO route of administration
34. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
signs of hypovolemia
total osmolality
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
35. Urinary -fecal
maintenance for a normal adult cat
law of electroneutrality
TBW in adults
sensible fluid losses
36. 20% body weight
phases of a fluid therapy plan
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance water requirement
ECF in small animal adults
37. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
interstitial fluid
extracellular fluid (ECF)
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
38. The concentration of effective osmoles.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
tonicity
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
39. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
ICF in large animals
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult dog
extracellular fluid (ECF)
40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
signs of hypovolemia
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hypovolemia
41. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
42. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
blood volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
goal of maintenance fluids
43. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
shock dose for hypertonic saline
edema
44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
goals of fluid resuscitation
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
hydroxyethyl starch
45. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult cat
46. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
advantages of the IV route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
total osmolality
sensible fluid losses
48. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
Vetstarch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
49. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
TBW in adults
advantages of the IO route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
50. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
adverse effects of canine plasma
ineffective osmole
normal osmolality of body fluid