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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






2. 70% body weight






3. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






4. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






5. Sodium and associated anions






6. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






7. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






8. 300 mosm/L






9. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






10. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






11. Urinary -fecal






12. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






13. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






14. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






15. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






16. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






17. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






18. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






19. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






20. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






21. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. 60% body weight






24. 4% body weight






25. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






26. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






27. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






30. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






31. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






33. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






34. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






35. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






36. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






37. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






38. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






39. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






40. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






41. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






42. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






43. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






44. The concentration of effective osmoles.






45. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






46. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






47. 40 ml/kg/day






48. Potential for transfusion reactions.






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration