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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






2. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






3. Interstitial fluid + blood






4. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






5. 50 m;/kg/day






6. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






8. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






9. Total body water






10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






11. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






12. Lateral neck skin






13. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






14. Changes in body weight over time.






15. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






16. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






17. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






18. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






19. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






20. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






21. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






22. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






23. 4% body weight






24. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






25. The concentration of effective osmoles.






26. 70% body weight






27. 30% body weight






28. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






29. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






30. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






31. 70% body weight






32. 20 to 25 mmHG






33. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






34. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






35. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






36. 6% body weight






37. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






38. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






39. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






40. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






42. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






43. 60% body weight






44. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






45. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






46. 40 ml/kg/day






47. The loss of intravascular fluid.






48. 40% body weight






49. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






50. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase







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