Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






3. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






4. Lateral neck skin






5. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






8. 20% body weight






9. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






10. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






11. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






12. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






13. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






14. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






15. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






19. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






20. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






21. 40 ml/kg/day






22. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






23. Urinary -fecal






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






26. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






27. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






28. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






29. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. 8% body weight






32. Total body water






33. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






34. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






37. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






38. 60% body weight






39. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






40. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






41. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






42. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






43. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






44. 70% body weight






45. 6% body weight






46. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






47. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






48. The concentration of effective osmoles.






49. 5% body weight






50. 40% body weight