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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






2. 300 mosm/L






3. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






4. 6% body weight






5. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






6. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






7. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






8. The loss of intravascular fluid.






9. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






10. 4% body weight






11. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






12. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






13. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






14. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






15. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






16. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






17. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






18. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






19. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






20. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






23. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






24. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






25. 30% body weight






26. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






27. Extracellular water + intracellular water






28. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






29. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






30. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






31. 20 to 25 mmHG






32. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






33. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






34. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






35. Potential for transfusion reactions.






36. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






37. 70% body weight






38. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






39. 20% body weight






40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






41. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






42. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






43. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






44. Lower eyelid






45. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






46. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






47. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






48. 8% body weight






49. 40 ml/kg/day






50. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium