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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






2. 6% body weight






3. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






4. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






5. 30% body weight






6. 70% body weight






7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






8. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






9. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






10. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






11. Extracellular water + intracellular water






12. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






13. Albumin






14. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






15. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






16. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






18. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






19. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






20. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






21. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






24. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






25. The loss of intravascular fluid.






26. Lateral neck skin






27. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






28. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






29. 40% body weight






30. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






31. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






32. Urinary -fecal






33. Sodium and associated anions






34. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






35. 20% body weight






36. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






37. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






38. Interstitial fluid + blood






39. The concentration of effective osmoles.






40. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






41. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






42. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






43. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






44. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






45. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






46. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






47. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






48. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






50. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.







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