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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






2. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






4. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






5. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






6. 30% body weight






7. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






8. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






9. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






10. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






12. 70% body weight






13. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






14. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






15. 4% body weight






16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






17. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






18. Changes in body weight over time.






19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






20. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






21. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






22. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






23. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






24. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






25. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






26. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






27. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






28. 300 mosm/L






29. 40% body weight






30. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






31. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






32. Sodium and associated anions






33. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






34. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






35. Albumin






36. 5% body weight






37. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






38. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






39. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






40. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






41. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






42. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






44. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






45. 50 m;/kg/day






46. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






47. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






48. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






49. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






50. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase