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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






2. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






5. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






6. 40% body weight






7. Sodium and associated anions






8. 300 mosm/L






9. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






11. 50 m;/kg/day






12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






13. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






14. Interstitial fluid + blood






15. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






16. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






17. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






18. 4% body weight






19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






20. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






21. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






23. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






24. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






25. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






26. The concentration of effective osmoles.






27. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






28. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






29. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






30. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






31. Total body water






32. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






33. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






34. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






35. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






37. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






39. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






41. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






42. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






44. 20 to 25 mmHG






45. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






46. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






47. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






48. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






49. 8% body weight






50. 60% body weight