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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
shock does for hetastarch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
2. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
osmolality
extracellular fluid (ECF)
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
3. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
total osmolality
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
4. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
advantages of the IO route of administration
blood volume in cats
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
6. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
interstitial fluid
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
7. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
categorizations of crystalloids
8. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
general properties of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
9. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
maintenance for a normal adult horse
canine plasma
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
complications of the SC route of administration
10. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
12. 50 m;/kg/day
typical uses for IV route of administration
ICF is small animals
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
13. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
properties of isotonic crystalloids
anion gap
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
14. 30% body weight
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
ECF in large animal adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
15. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
law of electroneutrality
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
TBW in adults
complications of catheterization
16. Urinary -fecal
blood volume in adults
sensible fluid losses
primary effect of colloids
canine plasma
17. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
osmolality
properties of isotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
alkalinizing crystalloids
18. 40% body weight
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
complications of catheterization
ICF is small animals
normal osmolality of body fluid
19. 20% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
ECF in small animal adults
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
20. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
shock does for hetastarch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
21. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
ineffective osmole
interstitial fluid
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
22. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of isotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
Vetstarch
23. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
types of the fluids used for maintenance
dehydration
ECF in small animal adults
ineffective osmole
24. Lateral neck skin
most important colloid in the blood
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
dehydration
25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
sensible fluid losses
traditional shock dose
maintenance for a normal adult dog
iso-omolality of the body
26. The loss of intravascular fluid.
types of the fluids used for maintenance
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypovolemia
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
27. Interstitial fluid + blood
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
signs of hypovolemia
28. The concentration of effective osmoles.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
extracellular fluid (ECF)
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
tonicity
29. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
traditional shock dose
Vetstarch
30. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
anion gap
complications of catheterization
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
31. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
alkalinizing crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
32. 8% body weight
typical uses for IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
mucous membrane moistness
blood volume in adults
33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
most important colloid in the blood
potassium
categorizations of crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
34. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
interstitial fluid
35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
hydroxyethyl starch
ineffective osmole
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
36. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
advantages of the IO route of administration
law of electroneutrality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
37. 30% body weight
iso-omolality of the body
properties of isotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
38. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
primary effect of colloids
blood volume in cats
tonicity
39. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
edema
40. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
Vetstarch
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hydroxyethyl starch
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
41. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
advantages of the IO route of administration
42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ICF in large animals
shock does for hetastarch
43. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
dehydration
hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
shock dose for hypertonic saline
44. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
45. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
advantages of the IO route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
46. Changes in body weight over time.
interstitial fluid
signs of hypovolemia
indications for canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
47. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
potassium
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hydration parameters for physical examone
48. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
Vetstarch
maintenance for a normal adult dog
maintenance for a normal adult cow
49. Lower eyelid
most important colloid in the blood
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
TBW in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
50. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
dehydration
plasma volume in cats
adverse effects of canine plasma