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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






2. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






4. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






5. Urinary -fecal






6. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






8. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






9. 40 ml/kg/day






10. Potential for transfusion reactions.






11. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






12. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






13. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






15. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






16. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






17. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






18. 30% body weight






19. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






20. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






21. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






22. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






23. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






24. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






25. Albumin






26. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






27. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






28. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






29. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






30. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






31. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






32. 40% body weight






33. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






34. 6% body weight






35. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






36. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






37. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






38. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






39. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






40. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






42. Extracellular water + intracellular water






43. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






44. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






47. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






48. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -