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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






2. Extracellular water + intracellular water






3. 5% body weight






4. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






5. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






6. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






7. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






8. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






9. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






10. 30% body weight






11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






12. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






13. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






14. Potential for transfusion reactions.






15. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






16. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






17. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






18. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






19. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






20. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






21. Interstitial fluid + blood






22. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






23. 8% body weight






24. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






25. 50 m;/kg/day






26. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






27. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






28. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






29. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






31. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






32. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






33. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






34. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






35. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






36. 6% body weight






37. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






38. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






39. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






40. Changes in body weight over time.






41. 300 mosm/L






42. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






43. 40% body weight






44. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






45. Lateral neck skin






46. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






47. Urinary -fecal






48. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






49. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






50. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.