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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
edema
blood volume in cats
2. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
signs of hypovolemia
sensible fluid losses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
3. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
shock dose for hypertonic saline
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
4. 4% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
plasma volume in cats
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
TBW in adults
5. Potential for transfusion reactions.
Vetstarch
adverse effects of canine plasma
tonicity
properties of isotonic crystalloids
6. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
goal of maintenance fluids
iso-omolality of the body
hydration parameters for physical examone
hypovolemia
7. 5% body weight
hydration parameters for physical examone
general properties of crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
8. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
9. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
potassium
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
10. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
plasma volume in cats
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
11. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
blood volume in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
law of electroneutrality
alkalinizing crystalloids
12. 40 ml/kg/day
advantages of the SC route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
total osmolality
13. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
plasma volume in adults
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
14. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
potassium
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
15. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
edema
16. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
hypovolemia
shock does for hetastarch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
edema
17. Albumin
blood volume in cats
most important colloid in the blood
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
potassium
hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypovolemia
19. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
20. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of isotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
21. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
effective osmoles
signs of hypovolemia
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
22. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
law of electroneutrality
maintenance for a normal adult cow
sensible fluid losses
properties of isotonic crystalloids
23. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
alkalinizing crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
types of the fluids used for maintenance
24. 40% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
extracellular fluid (ECF)
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
25. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
normal vascular oncotic pressure
ICF in large animals
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
26. 30% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
ECF in large animal adults
total osmolality
27. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ICF in large animals
28. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
29. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
effective osmoles
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
blood volume in cats
categorizations of crystalloids
30. 20 to 25 mmHG
traditional shock dose
normal vascular oncotic pressure
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
31. Total body water
mucous membrane moistness
total body water (TBW)
osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
32. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
sodium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
33. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
goal of maintenance fluids
general properties of crystalloids
interstitial fluid
34. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
effective osmoles
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
adverse effects of canine plasma
35. Interstitial fluid + blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
36. Extracellular water + intracellular water
ICF in large animals
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total body water (TBW)
hydration parameters for physical examone
37. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
38. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
skin elasticity test
39. 6% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
blood volume in cats
40. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
tonicity
insensible losses
blood volume in cats
41. The loss of intravascular fluid.
blood volume in adults
hypovolemia
hydration parameters for physical examone
adverse effects of canine plasma
42. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
43. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
indications for canine plasma
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
44. Changes in body weight over time.
ECF in large animal adults
blood volume in adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
law of electroneutrality
45. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
advantages of the SC route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
46. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
goal of maintenance fluids
hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
47. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
interstitial fluid
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
total osmolality
48. 70% body weight
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
mucous membrane moistness
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
advantages of the SC route of administration
plasma volume in adults
primary effect of colloids
blood volume in cats
50. 300 mosm/L
maintenance for a normal adult cow
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
normal osmolality of body fluid
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids