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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
typical uses for IV route of administration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
canine plasma
2. 70% body weight
extracellular fluid (ECF)
adverse effects of canine plasma
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
anion gap
3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
iso-omolality of the body
interstitial fluid
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
4. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
law of electroneutrality
iso-omolality of the body
5. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
anion gap
shock does for hetastarch
goal of maintenance fluids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
6. 30% body weight
sensible fluid losses
dehydration
typical uses for IV route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
7. 5% body weight
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult cow
shock dose for hypertonic saline
plasma volume in adults
8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
9. Total body water
iso-omolality of the body
hypertonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
10. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
sodium
complications of catheterization
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
11. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
shock does for hetastarch
most important colloid in the blood
blood volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult dog
12. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
complications of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
complications of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
14. Changes in body weight over time.
plasma volume in cats
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
osmolality
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
primary effect of colloids
hypertonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
16. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
edema
insensible losses
dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
17. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance water requirement
sodium
dehydration
18. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
ICF is small animals
phases of a fluid therapy plan
19. Sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
general properties of crystalloids
20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
plasma volume in cats
21. Lateral neck skin
maintenance for a normal adult cat
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
edema
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
mucous membrane moistness
hypotonic crystalloids
osmolality
ICF is small animals
23. 50 m;/kg/day
general properties of crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
signs of hypovolemia
24. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hydration parameters for physical examone
complications of the SC route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
25. 40% body weight
Vetstarch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
ICF is small animals
typical uses for IO route of administration
26. 30% body weight
insensible losses
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
normal osmolality of body fluid
ICF in large animals
27. 4% body weight
ineffective osmole
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
plasma volume in cats
28. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
advantages of the IV route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
29. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ICF in large animals
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
total body water (TBW)
30. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
goal of maintenance fluids
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
typical uses for IO route of administration
31. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
extracellular fluid (ECF)
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
skin elasticity test
32. 70% body weight
skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
normal vascular oncotic pressure
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
33. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
canine plasma
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
34. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
total osmolality
maintenance water requirement
36. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
total body water (TBW)
complications of the SC route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
37. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hydroxyethyl starch
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
38. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
hypertonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
39. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
mucous membrane moistness
sensible fluid losses
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
40. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
sodium
ECF in large animal adults
41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
most important colloid in the blood
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
sensible fluid losses
adverse effects of canine plasma
43. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
canine plasma
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
potassium
44. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
total osmolality
45. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
canine plasma
sensible fluid losses
plasma volume in adults
46. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
edema
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
47. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
edema
48. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
tonicity
49. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
ECF in small animal adults
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
types of the fluids used for maintenance
traditional shock dose