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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






2. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






3. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






4. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






5. 30% body weight






6. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






7. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






8. The concentration of effective osmoles.






9. 6% body weight






10. Extracellular water + intracellular water






11. Lower eyelid






12. Sodium and associated anions






13. 20 to 25 mmHG






14. 300 mosm/L






15. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






16. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






17. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






18. 5% body weight






19. 40% body weight






20. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






21. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






22. Changes in body weight over time.






23. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






24. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






25. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






26. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






27. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






28. 8% body weight






29. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






30. Potential for transfusion reactions.






31. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






32. Lateral neck skin






33. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






34. 70% body weight






35. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






38. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






39. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






40. 40% body weight






41. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






42. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






43. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






44. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






45. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






46. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






47. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






48. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






49. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






50. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients