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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ECF in large animal adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
ineffective osmole
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
2. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the IV route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
3. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
4. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
edema
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
5. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
plasma volume in adults
categorizations of crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
properties of isotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
advantages of the IO route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
7. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
complications of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
8. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
plasma volume in adults
primary effect of colloids
9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
advantages of the IV route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
signs of hypovolemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
10. 20 to 25 mmHG
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
normal vascular oncotic pressure
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
insensible losses
11. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
hydroxyethyl starch
shock dose for hypertonic saline
mucous membrane moistness
traditional shock dose
12. 30% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
total osmolality
ECF in large animal adults
advantages of the IV route of administration
13. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
potassium
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
14. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
shock does for hetastarch
shock dose for hypertonic saline
phases of a fluid therapy plan
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
15. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydration parameters for physical examone
hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
16. Total body water
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
insensible losses
plasma volume in adults
17. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
general properties of crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
18. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
signs of hypovolemia
general properties of crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
20. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
typical uses for IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
21. Extracellular water + intracellular water
bloodwork changes and dehydration
total body water (TBW)
primary effect of colloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
22. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
blood volume in adults
maintenance water requirement
law of electroneutrality
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
23. 60% body weight
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
mucous membrane moistness
TBW in adults
24. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
blood volume in cats
primary effect of colloids
indications for canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
26. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult cow
canine plasma
effective osmoles
27. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
ECF in large animal adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
28. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
potassium
anion gap
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
29. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
30. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
ineffective osmole
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
31. Albumin
potassium
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
ICF in large animals
32. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
indications for canine plasma
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
total body water (TBW)
33. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
total body water (TBW)
34. 40% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
edema
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
35. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
traditional shock dose
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
total body water (TBW)
normal vascular oncotic pressure
advantages of the SC route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
37. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
ECF in small animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult dog
38. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
hydration parameters for physical examone
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
39. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
40. 30% body weight
normal vascular oncotic pressure
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
41. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
insensible losses
sodium
42. 300 mosm/L
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
normal osmolality of body fluid
tonicity
43. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
44. The loss of intravascular fluid.
shock does for hetastarch
edema
hypovolemia
effective osmoles
45. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
effective osmoles
shock does for hetastarch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
total osmolality
total body water (TBW)
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
TBW in adults
47. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
typical uses for IO route of administration
maintenance water requirement
hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
48. 4% body weight
complications of the SC route of administration
plasma volume in cats
plasma volume in adults
normal vascular oncotic pressure
49. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
indications for canine plasma
most important colloid in the blood
signs of hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
50. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
ECF in small animal adults