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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 70% body weight






2. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






3. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






4. 6% body weight






5. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






6. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






7. 8% body weight






8. Interstitial fluid + blood






9. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






10. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






11. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






12. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






13. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






14. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






15. 30% body weight






16. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






17. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






18. 50 m;/kg/day






19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






20. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






21. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






22. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






23. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






24. 20 to 25 mmHG






25. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






26. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






27. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. The concentration of effective osmoles.






30. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






31. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






32. 60% body weight






33. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






34. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






35. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






36. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






37. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






38. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






39. 70% body weight






40. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






41. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






42. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






43. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






44. Changes in body weight over time.






45. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






46. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






47. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






48. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






49. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






50. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.