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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






2. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






3. 70% body weight






4. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






5. 50 m;/kg/day






6. 8% body weight






7. Urinary -fecal






8. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






9. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






10. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






11. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






12. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






13. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






14. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






15. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






17. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






18. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






19. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






20. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






21. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






22. Albumin






23. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






24. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






25. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






26. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






27. 20% body weight






28. The concentration of effective osmoles.






29. 30% body weight






30. 20 to 25 mmHG






31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






32. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






33. 5% body weight






34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






35. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






36. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






37. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






38. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






39. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






40. Extracellular water + intracellular water






41. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






42. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






43. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






44. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






45. Changes in body weight over time.






46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






47. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






49. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






50. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly