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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






2. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






3. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






4. 4% body weight






5. Potential for transfusion reactions.






6. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






7. 5% body weight






8. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






9. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






10. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






11. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






12. 40 ml/kg/day






13. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






14. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






15. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






16. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






17. Albumin






18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






19. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






20. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






21. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






22. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






23. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






24. 40% body weight






25. 8% body weight






26. 30% body weight






27. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






28. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






29. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






30. 20 to 25 mmHG






31. Total body water






32. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






33. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






34. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






35. Interstitial fluid + blood






36. Extracellular water + intracellular water






37. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






38. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






39. 6% body weight






40. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






41. The loss of intravascular fluid.






42. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






43. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






44. Changes in body weight over time.






45. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






46. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






47. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






48. 70% body weight






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. 300 mosm/L