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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






2. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






3. 60% body weight






4. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






5. 30% body weight






6. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






7. 5% body weight






8. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






9. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






10. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






11. 70% body weight






12. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






13. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






14. 300 mosm/L






15. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






16. 30% body weight






17. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






18. 20 to 25 mmHG






19. The loss of intravascular fluid.






20. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






21. 50 m;/kg/day






22. Lower eyelid






23. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






24. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






26. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






28. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






29. Changes in body weight over time.






30. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






31. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






32. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






34. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






35. Potential for transfusion reactions.






36. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






37. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






38. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






39. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






40. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






41. 6% body weight






42. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






43. Sodium and associated anions






44. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






45. Interstitial fluid + blood






46. 40% body weight






47. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






48. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






49. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






50. Total body water