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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






2. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






3. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






4. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






5. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






6. Interstitial fluid + blood






7. The concentration of effective osmoles.






8. 20% body weight






9. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






10. Lateral neck skin






11. 8% body weight






12. 5% body weight






13. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






14. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






15. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






16. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






17. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






18. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






19. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






20. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






21. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






22. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






23. 70% body weight






24. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






25. 4% body weight






26. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






27. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






28. Extracellular water + intracellular water






29. Total body water






30. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






31. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






32. 6% body weight






33. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






34. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






35. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






36. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






37. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






38. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






39. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






40. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






42. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






43. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






44. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






45. 50 m;/kg/day






46. 70% body weight






47. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






48. 30% body weight






49. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






50. 30% body weight