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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






2. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






3. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






4. 30% body weight






5. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






6. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






8. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






9. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






10. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






11. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






12. Sodium and associated anions






13. 6% body weight






14. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






15. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






16. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






17. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






18. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






19. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






20. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






21. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






22. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. 5% body weight






25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






26. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






27. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






28. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






29. 8% body weight






30. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






31. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






32. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






33. 60% body weight






34. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






35. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






36. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






37. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






38. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






39. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






40. 300 mosm/L






41. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






42. Potential for transfusion reactions.






43. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






44. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






45. The loss of intravascular fluid.






46. 40 ml/kg/day






47. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






48. 30% body weight






49. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






50. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor