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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






2. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






3. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






4. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






5. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






6. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






7. Changes in body weight over time.






8. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






9. Interstitial fluid + blood






10. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






11. Total body water






12. 30% body weight






13. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






14. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






15. 20% body weight






16. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






17. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






18. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






19. Albumin






20. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






21. Potential for transfusion reactions.






22. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






23. 8% body weight






24. 50 m;/kg/day






25. 6% body weight






26. 40 ml/kg/day






27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






28. The concentration of effective osmoles.






29. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






30. 70% body weight






31. The loss of intravascular fluid.






32. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






33. Lower eyelid






34. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






35. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






37. 20 to 25 mmHG






38. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






39. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






40. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






41. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






42. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






43. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






44. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






45. Sodium and associated anions






46. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






47. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






48. 4% body weight






49. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






50. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static