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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles.






2. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






4. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






5. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






6. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






7. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






8. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






9. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






10. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






11. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






12. 60% body weight






13. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






14. 40% body weight






15. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






16. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






17. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






18. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






20. 20 to 25 mmHG






21. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






22. 4% body weight






23. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






25. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






26. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






27. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






28. Total body water






29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






30. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






32. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






33. 6% body weight






34. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






35. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






36. Lower eyelid






37. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






38. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






39. 300 mosm/L






40. Changes in body weight over time.






41. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






42. 20% body weight






43. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






44. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






45. Albumin






46. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






47. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






48. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






49. The loss of intravascular fluid.






50. 5% body weight







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