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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






2. Lower eyelid






3. 4% body weight






4. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






5. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






6. Albumin






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






9. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






10. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






11. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






12. 50 m;/kg/day






13. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






14. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






15. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






16. 70% body weight






17. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






18. Interstitial fluid + blood






19. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






20. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






21. Urinary -fecal






22. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






23. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






24. 6% body weight






25. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






27. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






28. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






29. 30% body weight






30. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






31. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






33. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






34. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






36. 60% body weight






37. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






39. The loss of intravascular fluid.






40. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






42. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






43. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






44. The concentration of effective osmoles.






45. 5% body weight






46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






47. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






48. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






49. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






50. 300 mosm/L