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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






2. 20% body weight






3. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






4. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






6. 50 m;/kg/day






7. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






8. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






9. Changes in body weight over time.






10. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






11. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






12. 60% body weight






13. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






15. 30% body weight






16. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






17. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






18. Sodium and associated anions






19. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






20. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






21. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






23. Lower eyelid






24. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






25. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






26. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






27. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






28. Interstitial fluid + blood






29. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






30. 5% body weight






31. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






32. 40% body weight






33. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






34. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






35. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






36. 20 to 25 mmHG






37. 40% body weight






38. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






40. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






41. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






42. 70% body weight






43. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






44. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






45. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






46. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






47. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






48. The concentration of effective osmoles.






49. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






50. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given