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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin






2. 300 mosm/L






3. 40% body weight






4. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






5. 30% body weight






6. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






8. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






9. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






10. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






11. 30% body weight






12. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






13. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






15. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






17. 8% body weight






18. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






19. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






20. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






21. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






22. Interstitial fluid + blood






23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






24. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






26. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






27. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






28. Sodium and associated anions






29. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






30. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






31. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






32. 40% body weight






33. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






34. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






35. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






36. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






38. 20 to 25 mmHG






39. 60% body weight






40. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






41. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






42. 40 ml/kg/day






43. 70% body weight






44. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






45. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






46. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






47. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






49. Lower eyelid






50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus