Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






2. 40% body weight






3. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






4. 60% body weight






5. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






6. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






7. 20% body weight






8. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






9. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






10. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






11. 20 to 25 mmHG






12. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






13. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






14. 30% body weight






15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






16. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






17. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






18. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






19. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






20. 6% body weight






21. The concentration of effective osmoles.






22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






23. Extracellular water + intracellular water






24. Albumin






25. Interstitial fluid + blood






26. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






27. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






28. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






29. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






30. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






31. Lateral neck skin






32. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






33. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






34. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






35. Urinary -fecal






36. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






37. 8% body weight






38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






39. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






40. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






41. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






42. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






44. 300 mosm/L






45. 5% body weight






46. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






47. 40% body weight






48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






49. 50 m;/kg/day






50. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients