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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lower eyelid






2. 50 m;/kg/day






3. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






4. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






5. 70% body weight






6. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






7. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






8. 8% body weight






9. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






10. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






11. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






12. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






13. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






14. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






15. 30% body weight






16. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






17. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






18. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






19. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






20. 40% body weight






21. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






22. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. Sodium and associated anions






25. Interstitial fluid + blood






26. 4% body weight






27. Albumin






28. 300 mosm/L






29. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






30. 5% body weight






31. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






32. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






33. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






34. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






35. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






36. The loss of intravascular fluid.






37. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






39. 70% body weight






40. 20% body weight






41. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






42. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






43. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






44. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






45. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






46. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






47. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






48. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






49. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






50. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.