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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sodium and associated anions
traditional shock dose
indications for canine plasma
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
2. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
anion gap
advantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
hydroxyethyl starch
3. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
complications of the SC route of administration
4. Changes in body weight over time.
hydroxyethyl starch
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
skin elasticity test
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
categorizations of crystalloids
blood volume in cats
6. 6% body weight
signs of hypovolemia
blood volume in cats
complications of catheterization
advantages of the IV route of administration
7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
complications of catheterization
normal osmolality of body fluid
insensible losses
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
8. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
shock dose for hypertonic saline
10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
11. Lateral neck skin
insensible losses
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
12. 8% body weight
normal osmolality of body fluid
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in adults
ECF in large animal adults
13. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
dehydration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
14. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
indications for canine plasma
goals of fluid resuscitation
law of electroneutrality
15. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
insensible losses
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
total osmolality
16. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
17. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
effective osmoles
total body water (TBW)
properties of isotonic crystalloids
potassium
18. Total body water
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmolality
advantages of the IV route of administration
19. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
TBW in adults
shock does for hetastarch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
20. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
interstitial fluid
21. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
ineffective osmole
TBW in adults
signs of hypovolemia
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
typical uses for IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
23. 40% body weight
typical uses for IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF is small animals
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
24. Potential for transfusion reactions.
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of canine plasma
phases of a fluid therapy plan
25. Interstitial fluid + blood
indications for canine plasma
normal osmolality of body fluid
mucous membrane moistness
extracellular fluid (ECF)
26. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
properties of isotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ECF in large animal adults
27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
maintenance for a normal adult horse
osmolality
typical uses for IV route of administration
28. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
29. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
law of electroneutrality
skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
31. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
effective osmoles
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
32. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance water requirement
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
33. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
maintenance for a normal adult dog
complications of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
categorizations of crystalloids
34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cat
maintenance for a normal adult cow
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
35. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
sodium
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
36. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IV route of administration
37. The concentration of effective osmoles.
effective osmoles
plasma volume in cats
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
tonicity
38. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
blood volume in cats
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
39. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
normal osmolality of body fluid
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
types of the fluids used for maintenance
maintenance water requirement
40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
interstitial fluid
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
41. Extracellular water + intracellular water
plasma volume in adults
total body water (TBW)
normal osmolality of body fluid
hydroxyethyl starch
42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
indications for canine plasma
insensible losses
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
typical uses for IV route of administration
43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
osmolality
law of electroneutrality
extracellular fluid (ECF)
44. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
ineffective osmole
hypovolemia
45. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
goals of fluid resuscitation
normal osmolality of body fluid
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
46. 50 m;/kg/day
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
47. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
potassium
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
48. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
ICF in large animals
general properties of crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
advantages of the IV route of administration
49. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
50. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch