SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
skin elasticity test
2. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
blood volume in adults
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance water requirement
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
plasma volume in adults
goal of maintenance fluids
4. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
maintenance for a normal adult dog
mucous membrane moistness
general properties of crystalloids
5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
extracellular fluid (ECF)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
signs of hypovolemia
6. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
anion gap
hypotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
primary effect of colloids
7. 6% body weight
goals of fluid resuscitation
blood volume in cats
osmolality
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
8. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
anion gap
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
insensible losses
9. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
sensible fluid losses
insensible losses
ICF is small animals
advantages of the IO route of administration
10. 5% body weight
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
plasma volume in adults
mucous membrane moistness
hydration parameters for physical examone
11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
goal of maintenance fluids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
12. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
canine plasma
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
13. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult cow
14. 8% body weight
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
plasma volume in cats
15. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
edema
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
16. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
ineffective osmole
plasma volume in cats
advantages of the IO route of administration
17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
shock does for hetastarch
categorizations of crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
18. Lateral neck skin
edema
ICF is small animals
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
19. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
indications for canine plasma
potassium
20. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
blood volume in cats
types of the fluids used for maintenance
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
blood volume in adults
21. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
ICF is small animals
general properties of crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
22. 40% body weight
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
primary effect of colloids
hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
24. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
maintenance for a normal adult cat
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
acidifying crystalloids
25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult dog
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
26. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
27. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
hypovolemia
iso-omolality of the body
complications of the SC route of administration
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
28. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
interstitial fluid
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
29. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
acidifying crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
30. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
shock does for hetastarch
31. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
mucous membrane moistness
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
ECF in small animal adults
goals of fluid resuscitation
32. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
hypertonic crystalloids
33. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
edema
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
34. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
maintenance water requirement
bloodwork changes and dehydration
35. 70% body weight
total osmolality
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
alkalinizing crystalloids
sodium
36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
37. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
goal of maintenance fluids
law of electroneutrality
mucous membrane moistness
38. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
maintenance for a normal adult cow
effective osmoles
39. Extracellular water + intracellular water
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
typical uses for IV route of administration
TBW in adults
total body water (TBW)
40. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
maintenance for a normal adult cow
types of the fluids used for maintenance
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids
41. 30% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
ECF in large animal adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
42. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
effective osmoles
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
plasma volume in cats
43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
maintenance water requirement
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
normal vascular oncotic pressure
phases of a fluid therapy plan
44. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
complications of catheterization
TBW in adults
advantages of the IV route of administration
45. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
goal of maintenance fluids
46. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
total body water (TBW)
alkalinizing crystalloids
47. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
typical uses for IO route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of isotonic crystalloids
48. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
law of electroneutrality
mucous membrane moistness
hydroxyethyl starch
49. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
tonicity
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
50. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
general properties of crystalloids
anion gap
goals of fluid resuscitation
ineffective osmole