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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






2. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






4. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






5. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






6. Urinary -fecal






7. 5% body weight






8. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






9. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






10. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






11. 300 mosm/L






12. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






13. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






14. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






15. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






16. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






17. 30% body weight






18. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






19. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






20. The concentration of effective osmoles.






21. Sodium and associated anions






22. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






23. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






24. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






25. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






26. 4% body weight






27. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






28. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






29. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






30. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






32. Total body water






33. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






34. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






35. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






36. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






37. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






38. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






39. 70% body weight






40. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






41. Extracellular water + intracellular water






42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






43. Albumin






44. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






45. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






46. 60% body weight






47. 50 m;/kg/day






48. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






49. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






50. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.