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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
maintenance for a normal adult horse
hypertonic crystalloids
2. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
adverse effects of canine plasma
hydration parameters for physical examone
edema
4. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
maintenance for a normal adult horse
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
5. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
advantages of the SC route of administration
sodium
blood volume in adults
6. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
acidifying crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
canine plasma
sensible fluid losses
advantages of the IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
8. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
dehydration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
complications of the SC route of administration
9. 40 ml/kg/day
acidifying crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
maintenance for a normal adult horse
10. Potential for transfusion reactions.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
11. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
maintenance for a normal adult dog
types of the fluids used for maintenance
insensible losses
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
12. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
most important colloid in the blood
shock does for hetastarch
edema
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
13. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
alkalinizing crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
total osmolality
blood volume in adults
15. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
tonicity
advantages of the IO route of administration
ICF in large animals
ECF in large animal adults
16. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
phases of a fluid therapy plan
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
17. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult dog
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
18. 30% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
traditional shock dose
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ECF in large animal adults
19. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
hydroxyethyl starch
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
sensible fluid losses
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
20. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
ICF in large animals
ECF in large animal adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
complications of catheterization
21. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
mucous membrane moistness
ECF in large animal adults
22. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cat
dehydration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
23. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
maintenance for a normal adult dog
potassium
effective osmoles
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
24. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
potassium
skin elasticity test
iso-omolality of the body
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
25. Albumin
signs of hypovolemia
shock dose for hypertonic saline
acidifying crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
26. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
complications of the SC route of administration
27. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
sodium
general properties of crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
28. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
Vetstarch
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
29. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
plasma volume in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
categorizations of crystalloids
30. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
iso-omolality of the body
tonicity
31. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
shock does for hetastarch
insensible losses
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
normal vascular oncotic pressure
32. 40% body weight
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
ICF is small animals
complications of catheterization
33. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
plasma volume in adults
maintenance water requirement
skin elasticity test
34. 6% body weight
properties of isotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
35. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypovolemia
36. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
potassium
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
insensible losses
37. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
osmolality
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
canine plasma
38. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
complications of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
maintenance for a normal adult cat
39. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
normal osmolality of body fluid
law of electroneutrality
hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
40. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
effective osmoles
typical uses for IV route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
edema
signs of hypovolemia
insensible losses
anion gap
42. Extracellular water + intracellular water
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
total body water (TBW)
sensible fluid losses
43. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
44. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
advantages of the SC route of administration
edema
advantages of the IV route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
hypovolemia
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
most important colloid in the blood
plasma volume in cats
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hydroxyethyl starch
47. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
hydration parameters for physical examone
insensible losses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
48. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
mucous membrane moistness
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
ineffective osmole
49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
insensible losses
50. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
types of the fluids used for maintenance