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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






2. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






3. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






4. Interstitial fluid + blood






5. 40% body weight






6. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






7. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






8. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






9. The concentration of effective osmoles.






10. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






11. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






12. Lateral neck skin






13. 8% body weight






14. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






15. Urinary -fecal






16. 50 m;/kg/day






17. Changes in body weight over time.






18. 300 mosm/L






19. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






20. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






21. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






22. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






23. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






25. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






26. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






27. 40% body weight






28. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






29. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






31. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






32. 6% body weight






33. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






34. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






35. 5% body weight






36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






37. 20 to 25 mmHG






38. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






39. Extracellular water + intracellular water






40. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






42. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






44. 30% body weight






45. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






46. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






47. Albumin






48. 40 ml/kg/day






49. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






50. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr