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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






2. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






3. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






4. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






5. 70% body weight






6. 300 mosm/L






7. Albumin






8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






9. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






10. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






11. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






12. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






13. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






15. 40 ml/kg/day






16. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






17. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






18. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






20. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






21. The concentration of effective osmoles.






22. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






23. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






25. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






26. Lower eyelid






27. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






28. 50 m;/kg/day






29. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. 30% body weight






32. Potential for transfusion reactions.






33. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






34. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






35. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






36. 40% body weight






37. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






39. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






40. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






41. 5% body weight






42. Changes in body weight over time.






43. 8% body weight






44. 20 to 25 mmHG






45. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






46. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






47. Lateral neck skin






48. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






49. 60% body weight






50. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.