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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 60% body weight






2. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






3. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






4. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






5. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






6. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






7. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






8. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






10. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






11. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






12. 30% body weight






13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






14. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






15. Sodium and associated anions






16. Total body water






17. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






18. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






19. 40% body weight






20. Potential for transfusion reactions.






21. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






22. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






23. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






24. 8% body weight






25. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






26. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






27. 20 to 25 mmHG






28. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






29. Extracellular water + intracellular water






30. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






31. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






32. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






33. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






34. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






36. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






37. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






38. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






39. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. 30% body weight






42. 300 mosm/L






43. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






44. 40 ml/kg/day






45. Urinary -fecal






46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






47. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






48. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






49. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






50. 20% body weight