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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
effective osmoles
2. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
adverse effects of canine plasma
blood volume in adults
primary effect of colloids
hypotonic crystalloids
3. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
primary effect of colloids
4. 6% body weight
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
5. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
complications of catheterization
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
maintenance for a normal adult dog
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
6. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
effective osmoles
tonicity
7. 70% body weight
tonicity
normal osmolality of body fluid
blood volume in adults
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
dehydration
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
9. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
adverse effects of canine plasma
typical uses for IV route of administration
potassium
10. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
11. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
interstitial fluid
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
total body water (TBW)
12. 40% body weight
blood volume in adults
ICF is small animals
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
13. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
shock does for hetastarch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
14. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
15. 50 m;/kg/day
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
maintenance for a normal adult cow
bloodwork changes and dehydration
16. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
TBW in adults
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
17. 8% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
blood volume in adults
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
18. Extracellular water + intracellular water
extracellular fluid (ECF)
total body water (TBW)
ECF in large animal adults
traditional shock dose
19. Interstitial fluid + blood
indications for canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
extracellular fluid (ECF)
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
normal osmolality of body fluid
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypotonic crystalloids
21. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
22. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
alkalinizing crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
24. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
indications for canine plasma
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
25. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
bloodwork changes and dehydration
blood volume in cats
complications of catheterization
types of the fluids used for maintenance
26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
law of electroneutrality
maintenance for a normal adult cow
properties of isotonic crystalloids
insensible losses
27. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
complications of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
28. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
general properties of crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
29. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
sensible fluid losses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
30. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
law of electroneutrality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
31. Sodium and associated anions
potassium
types of the fluids used for maintenance
advantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
32. Lateral neck skin
shock dose for hypertonic saline
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
traditional shock dose
sodium
33. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
complications of the SC route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
TBW in adults
34. The loss of intravascular fluid.
Vetstarch
ICF in large animals
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
35. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
36. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
advantages of the SC route of administration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
37. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
categorizations of crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
38. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
39. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
hydration parameters for physical examone
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
iso-omolality of the body
40. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
ECF in large animal adults
ICF is small animals
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
41. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
ICF is small animals
goal of maintenance fluids
dehydration
42. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
skin elasticity test
extracellular fluid (ECF)
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
typical uses for IO route of administration
43. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
hypovolemia
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
normal vascular oncotic pressure
44. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
bloodwork changes and dehydration
45. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
indications for canine plasma
sodium
46. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
ICF in large animals
47. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
phases of a fluid therapy plan
normal osmolality of body fluid
48. Changes in body weight over time.
typical uses for IV route of administration
tonicity
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
total body water (TBW)
49. Total body water
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
complications of catheterization
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
50. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
blood volume in cats