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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lateral neck skin






2. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






3. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






4. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






5. 50 m;/kg/day






6. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






7. 4% body weight






8. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






9. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






10. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






11. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






12. 40% body weight






13. The loss of intravascular fluid.






14. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






15. 40 ml/kg/day






16. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






17. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






18. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






19. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






20. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






21. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






22. 70% body weight






23. Interstitial fluid + blood






24. 60% body weight






25. 70% body weight






26. Potential for transfusion reactions.






27. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






28. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






29. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. Changes in body weight over time.






31. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






32. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






33. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






34. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






35. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






36. Urinary -fecal






37. Extracellular water + intracellular water






38. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






39. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






40. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






41. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






42. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






43. 30% body weight






44. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






45. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






46. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






47. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






48. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






49. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






50. Sodium and associated anions