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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






2. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






4. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






5. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






6. 4% body weight






7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






8. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






9. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






10. The concentration of effective osmoles.






11. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






12. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






13. 8% body weight






14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






16. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






17. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






18. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






19. 20% body weight






20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






21. 20 to 25 mmHG






22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






23. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






24. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






26. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






27. 5% body weight






28. 60% body weight






29. The loss of intravascular fluid.






30. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






31. 300 mosm/L






32. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






33. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






34. 30% body weight






35. 40% body weight






36. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






37. Sodium and associated anions






38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






40. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






41. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






42. Lower eyelid






43. 30% body weight






44. 40% body weight






45. Extracellular water + intracellular water






46. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






47. Lateral neck skin






48. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






49. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






50. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test