SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
signs of hypovolemia
bloodwork changes and dehydration
2. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
law of electroneutrality
properties of isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
hypovolemia
3. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
osmolality
categorizations of crystalloids
canine plasma
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
4. 5% body weight
iso-omolality of the body
maintenance for a normal adult horse
goals of fluid resuscitation
plasma volume in adults
5. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
6. Total body water
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hydration parameters for physical examone
7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
insensible losses
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
8. 20% body weight
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
most important colloid in the blood
ECF in small animal adults
bloodwork changes and dehydration
9. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
advantages of the IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
hypotonic crystalloids
10. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
maintenance for a normal adult dog
acidifying crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
11. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
normal vascular oncotic pressure
law of electroneutrality
12. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
13. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
mucous membrane moistness
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
14. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
alkalinizing crystalloids
Vetstarch
15. 40 ml/kg/day
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult horse
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the SC route of administration
16. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
most important colloid in the blood
sodium
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
effective osmoles
categorizations of crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
hydration parameters for physical examone
18. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
phases of a fluid therapy plan
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
blood volume in adults
iso-omolality of the body
19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hypertonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
20. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
maintenance for a normal adult cat
acidifying crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
21. Sodium and associated anions
TBW in adults
total body water (TBW)
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
22. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
shock dose for hypertonic saline
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
23. Changes in body weight over time.
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
hypovolemia
24. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
anion gap
hypertonic crystalloids
25. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
26. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
plasma volume in cats
properties of isotonic crystalloids
dehydration
general properties of crystalloids
27. Lateral neck skin
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
interstitial fluid
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
acidifying crystalloids
28. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
advantages of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IV route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
ineffective osmole
29. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
primary effect of colloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hydration parameters for physical examone
blood volume in cats
30. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
bloodwork changes and dehydration
interstitial fluid
traditional shock dose
31. Extracellular water + intracellular water
maintenance for a normal adult horse
indications for canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
maintenance water requirement
32. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
ICF is small animals
iso-omolality of the body
anion gap
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
alkalinizing crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
34. 300 mosm/L
typical uses for IO route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
skin elasticity test
hypertonic crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
36. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
hydration parameters for physical examone
maintenance water requirement
shock does for hetastarch
goals of fluid resuscitation
37. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
hypotonic crystalloids
tonicity
38. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
law of electroneutrality
ICF is small animals
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
39. 70% body weight
extracellular fluid (ECF)
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
normal vascular oncotic pressure
tonicity
40. 40% body weight
canine plasma
ECF in small animal adults
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
41. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
indications for canine plasma
42. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
maintenance for a normal adult horse
effective osmoles
43. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
44. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
maintenance for a normal adult dog
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
45. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
maintenance water requirement
total osmolality
46. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
types of the fluids used for maintenance
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
sensible fluid losses
most important colloid in the blood
47. 6% body weight
interstitial fluid
bloodwork changes and dehydration
blood volume in cats
traditional shock dose
48. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
iso-omolality of the body
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hydroxyethyl starch
49. 4% body weight
indications for canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
50. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
tonicity
total osmolality