Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. 6% body weight






3. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






4. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






5. Sodium and associated anions






6. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






7. 5% body weight






8. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






10. 20% body weight






11. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






12. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






13. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






14. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






16. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






17. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






18. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






19. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






20. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






21. Urinary -fecal






22. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






23. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Lateral neck skin






25. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






26. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






27. 30% body weight






28. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






29. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






30. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






31. 70% body weight






32. The loss of intravascular fluid.






33. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






34. 40 ml/kg/day






35. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






37. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






38. 70% body weight






39. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






40. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






41. 40% body weight






42. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






43. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






44. 40% body weight






45. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






46. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






47. 50 m;/kg/day






48. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






49. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






50. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.