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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






2. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






3. 5% body weight






4. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






5. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






6. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






7. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






8. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






9. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






10. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






11. Lateral neck skin






12. Urinary -fecal






13. 30% body weight






14. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






15. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






16. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






17. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






18. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






19. 6% body weight






20. The concentration of effective osmoles.






21. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






22. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






23. 70% body weight






24. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






25. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






26. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






28. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






29. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






30. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






31. 50 m;/kg/day






32. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






33. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






34. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






35. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






36. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






37. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






38. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






39. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






40. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






41. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






42. Albumin






43. The loss of intravascular fluid.






44. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






45. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






46. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






47. 60% body weight






48. Potential for transfusion reactions.






49. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






50. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M