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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






2. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






3. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






4. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






5. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






6. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






7. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






8. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






9. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






10. 40 ml/kg/day






11. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






12. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






13. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






14. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






15. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






16. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






17. The loss of intravascular fluid.






18. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






20. 8% body weight






21. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. 50 m;/kg/day






26. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






27. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






28. 40% body weight






29. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






30. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






31. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






32. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






33. 300 mosm/L






34. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






35. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






36. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






37. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






38. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






39. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






40. Changes in body weight over time.






41. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






42. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






43. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






44. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






45. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






46. Lateral neck skin






47. Lower eyelid






48. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






49. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






50. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism