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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






2. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






3. 40 ml/kg/day






4. Total body water






5. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






6. 300 mosm/L






7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. 40% body weight






10. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






11. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






12. Interstitial fluid + blood






13. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






14. 60% body weight






15. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






16. 8% body weight






17. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






18. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






20. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






21. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






22. 50 m;/kg/day






23. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






24. Extracellular water + intracellular water






25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






26. 30% body weight






27. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






28. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






29. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






30. Urinary -fecal






31. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






32. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






34. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






35. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






36. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






37. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






38. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






39. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






40. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






41. 6% body weight






42. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






44. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






45. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






46. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






47. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






49. 40% body weight






50. 20 to 25 mmHG