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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lower eyelid






2. 40 ml/kg/day






3. 20 to 25 mmHG






4. Albumin






5. Extracellular water + intracellular water






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






8. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






9. 5% body weight






10. 40% body weight






11. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






12. 70% body weight






13. Urinary -fecal






14. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






15. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






16. 300 mosm/L






17. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






18. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






19. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






21. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






22. 4% body weight






23. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






24. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






25. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






26. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






27. 60% body weight






28. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






29. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






30. 8% body weight






31. 20% body weight






32. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






33. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






34. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






35. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






36. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






37. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






38. Total body water






39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






40. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






41. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






43. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






44. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






45. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






46. 40% body weight






47. Interstitial fluid + blood






48. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






49. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






50. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75