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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






2. 50 m;/kg/day






3. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






4. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






5. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






7. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






9. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






10. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






11. Potential for transfusion reactions.






12. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






13. The concentration of effective osmoles.






14. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






15. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






16. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






17. 6% body weight






18. The loss of intravascular fluid.






19. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






20. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






22. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






23. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






24. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






25. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






26. 70% body weight






27. 20% body weight






28. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






29. 20 to 25 mmHG






30. 300 mosm/L






31. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






32. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






33. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






34. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






35. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






36. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






37. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






38. 4% body weight






39. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






40. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






41. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






42. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






43. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






44. Extracellular water + intracellular water






45. Lower eyelid






46. 40 ml/kg/day






47. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






48. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






49. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






50. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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