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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interstitial fluid + blood






2. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






4. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






5. The concentration of effective osmoles.






6. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






7. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






8. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






9. Sodium and associated anions






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. 20% body weight






12. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






13. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






14. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






15. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






16. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






17. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






18. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






19. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






20. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






21. 6% body weight






22. 50 m;/kg/day






23. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






25. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






26. 20 to 25 mmHG






27. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






28. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






29. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






31. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






32. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






33. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






34. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






35. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






36. 5% body weight






37. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






38. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






39. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






40. 30% body weight






41. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






43. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






44. 30% body weight






45. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






46. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






47. Urinary -fecal






48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






49. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






50. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75