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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






2. Changes in body weight over time.






3. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






4. Extracellular water + intracellular water






5. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






6. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






8. 300 mosm/L






9. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






10. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






11. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






12. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






13. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






14. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






15. 20% body weight






16. 40% body weight






17. Urinary -fecal






18. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






19. Sodium and associated anions






20. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






21. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






22. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






23. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






26. 30% body weight






27. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






28. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






29. 40% body weight






30. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






31. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






32. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






33. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






34. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






35. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






36. Lateral neck skin






37. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






38. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






39. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






40. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






41. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






42. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






43. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






44. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






45. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






46. Total body water






47. 4% body weight






48. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






50. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus