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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult dog
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
2. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
iso-omolality of the body
signs of hypovolemia
3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
categorizations of crystalloids
4. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
law of electroneutrality
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
5. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
anion gap
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
traditional shock dose
hypovolemia
6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
mucous membrane moistness
typical uses for IO route of administration
7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
blood volume in adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
signs of hypovolemia
8. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ECF in small animal adults
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
categorizations of crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
acidifying crystalloids
dehydration
10. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
mucous membrane moistness
11. Total body water
bloodwork changes and dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
total osmolality
12. 20 to 25 mmHG
complications of catheterization
complications of the SC route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
typical uses for IV route of administration
13. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
total osmolality
insensible losses
potassium
normal osmolality of body fluid
14. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
complications of catheterization
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
15. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
total osmolality
16. 5% body weight
normal osmolality of body fluid
plasma volume in adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
17. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
18. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of isotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
19. Extracellular water + intracellular water
extracellular fluid (ECF)
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
total body water (TBW)
20. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
TBW in adults
iso-omolality of the body
categorizations of crystalloids
potassium
21. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
ineffective osmole
effective osmoles
hypotonic crystalloids
22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
general properties of crystalloids
blood volume in adults
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
23. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
total osmolality
tonicity
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
complications of catheterization
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
25. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
plasma volume in adults
insensible losses
alkalinizing crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
26. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
insensible losses
advantages of the IO route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
edema
27. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
blood volume in adults
plasma volume in cats
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult horse
28. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
adverse effects of canine plasma
Vetstarch
osmolality
normal vascular oncotic pressure
29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
ineffective osmole
goals of fluid resuscitation
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
blood volume in adults
30. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
hydration parameters for physical examone
goals of fluid resuscitation
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
31. 40% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
complications of catheterization
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
ICF is small animals
32. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
33. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
maintenance for a normal adult cow
ECF in small animal adults
34. 30% body weight
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ECF in large animal adults
indications for canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cow
35. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
phases of a fluid therapy plan
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
total body water (TBW)
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
36. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
iso-omolality of the body
ICF in large animals
anion gap
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
37. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
anion gap
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
38. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
total osmolality
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
39. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
total osmolality
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
potassium
acidifying crystalloids
40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
shock does for hetastarch
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
41. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
sodium
potassium
blood volume in cats
42. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
tonicity
edema
ineffective osmole
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
43. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
maintenance water requirement
primary effect of colloids
44. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
TBW in adults
goal of maintenance fluids
blood volume in adults
46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
advantages of the SC route of administration
indications for canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
47. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
sensible fluid losses
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
48. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
goals of fluid resuscitation
total osmolality
alkalinizing crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
interstitial fluid
canine plasma
50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
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