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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight






2. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






3. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






4. Lower eyelid






5. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






6. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






7. Sodium and associated anions






8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






9. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






10. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






11. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






12. 8% body weight






13. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






14. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






15. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






16. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






17. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






18. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






19. 4% body weight






20. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






21. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






22. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






23. 300 mosm/L






24. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






25. 20% body weight






26. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






27. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






28. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






29. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






30. Extracellular water + intracellular water






31. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






32. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






33. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






34. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






35. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. The concentration of effective osmoles.






37. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






38. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






39. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






40. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






41. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






42. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






43. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






44. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






45. Interstitial fluid + blood






46. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






47. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






48. Lateral neck skin






49. Potential for transfusion reactions.






50. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity