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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






2. 40% body weight






3. Changes in body weight over time.






4. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






5. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






6. 5% body weight






7. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






8. The concentration of effective osmoles.






9. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






10. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






11. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






12. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






13. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






14. Sodium and associated anions






15. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






16. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






17. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






18. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






19. 300 mosm/L






20. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






21. 40 ml/kg/day






22. Albumin






23. 4% body weight






24. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






25. 6% body weight






26. 70% body weight






27. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






28. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






29. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






31. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






32. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






33. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






34. 8% body weight






35. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






37. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






38. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






39. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






40. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






42. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






44. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






45. 70% body weight






46. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






47. 30% body weight






48. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






49. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






50. Extracellular water + intracellular water