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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in body weight over time.






2. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






3. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






4. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






5. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






6. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






7. Total body water






8. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






9. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






10. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






11. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






12. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






13. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






14. Lateral neck skin






15. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






16. 30% body weight






17. 40% body weight






18. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






19. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






20. 70% body weight






21. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






22. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






25. 60% body weight






26. The loss of intravascular fluid.






27. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






28. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






29. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






30. 20% body weight






31. 40 ml/kg/day






32. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






33. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






34. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






35. Sodium and associated anions






36. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






37. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






38. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






39. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






40. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






41. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






42. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






43. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






44. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






45. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






46. 5% body weight






47. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






48. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






49. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






50. 8% body weight