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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
blood volume in adults
Vetstarch
2. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
types of the fluids used for maintenance
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
3. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
mucous membrane moistness
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
4. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
ICF is small animals
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
5. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
maintenance for a normal adult cat
6. 300 mosm/L
iso-omolality of the body
normal osmolality of body fluid
goal of maintenance fluids
maintenance water requirement
7. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
ECF in small animal adults
8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
law of electroneutrality
9. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
law of electroneutrality
10. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
most important colloid in the blood
11. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
insensible losses
Vetstarch
potassium
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
12. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
acidifying crystalloids
ineffective osmole
13. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult dog
14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults
sodium
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
15. 40 ml/kg/day
effective osmoles
complications of catheterization
indications for canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult horse
16. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
effective osmoles
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
17. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
typical uses for IO route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
18. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ICF in large animals
primary effect of colloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
advantages of the IV route of administration
total osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
20. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
21. The concentration of effective osmoles.
goal of maintenance fluids
general properties of crystalloids
tonicity
hypertonic crystalloids
22. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
potassium
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
sodium
23. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
Vetstarch
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
potassium
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
TBW in adults
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
25. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
ICF is small animals
anion gap
blood volume in cats
26. Lower eyelid
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
27. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydroxyethyl starch
28. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ICF is small animals
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
29. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
maintenance for a normal adult cow
plasma volume in cats
30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
mucous membrane moistness
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
31. 30% body weight
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ECF in large animal adults
sodium
goal of maintenance fluids
32. Potential for transfusion reactions.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
adverse effects of canine plasma
law of electroneutrality
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
33. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
potassium
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
34. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
primary effect of colloids
35. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
ineffective osmole
36. 40% body weight
types of the fluids used for maintenance
tonicity
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
37. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
skin elasticity test
goal of maintenance fluids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
dehydration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
typical uses for IO route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
39. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
interstitial fluid
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
40. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypovolemia
advantages of the IV route of administration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
41. 5% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch
anion gap
plasma volume in adults
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
42. Changes in body weight over time.
shock does for hetastarch
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
43. 8% body weight
goal of maintenance fluids
blood volume in adults
effective osmoles
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
44. 20 to 25 mmHG
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
normal vascular oncotic pressure
45. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
maintenance water requirement
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
law of electroneutrality
46. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
tonicity
complications of catheterization
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
ECF in large animal adults
47. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
total body water (TBW)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypovolemia
48. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
edema
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
maintenance for a normal adult horse
49. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
shock does for hetastarch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
adverse effects of canine plasma
50. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
advantages of the IO route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults