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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Total body water






2. 20% body weight






3. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






4. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






6. 50 m;/kg/day






7. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






8. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






10. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






12. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






13. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






14. 40% body weight






15. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






16. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






17. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






18. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






19. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






20. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






21. Lateral neck skin






22. 60% body weight






23. Urinary -fecal






24. Interstitial fluid + blood






25. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. Changes in body weight over time.






27. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






28. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






29. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






30. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






31. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






32. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






33. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






34. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






35. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






36. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






37. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






38. 4% body weight






39. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






40. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






41. 30% body weight






42. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






43. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






44. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






45. 70% body weight






46. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






47. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






48. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






49. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






50. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases







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