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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






2. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






3. 50 m;/kg/day






4. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






5. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






6. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






7. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. 40 ml/kg/day






10. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






11. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






12. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






14. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






15. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






16. Interstitial fluid + blood






17. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






18. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






19. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






20. 6% body weight






21. Albumin






22. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






23. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






24. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






25. Total body water






26. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






27. Changes in body weight over time.






28. Lateral neck skin






29. 4% body weight






30. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






31. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






32. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






33. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






34. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






35. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






36. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






37. Lower eyelid






38. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






39. 300 mosm/L






40. Extracellular water + intracellular water






41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






42. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






43. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






44. 40% body weight






45. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






46. 60% body weight






47. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






48. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






49. 20 to 25 mmHG






50. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract