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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






2. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






4. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






5. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






8. 8% body weight






9. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






10. 20% body weight






11. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






12. Sodium and associated anions






13. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






14. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






15. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






16. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






17. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






18. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






19. 40 ml/kg/day






20. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






21. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






22. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






23. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






26. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






27. 20 to 25 mmHG






28. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






29. 6% body weight






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






32. 5% body weight






33. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






34. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






35. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






36. 300 mosm/L






37. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






38. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






39. Interstitial fluid + blood






40. Lateral neck skin






41. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






42. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






43. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






44. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






45. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






46. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






47. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






48. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






49. 60% body weight






50. Total body water