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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






3. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






4. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






5. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






6. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






7. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






8. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






9. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






10. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






11. 40% body weight






12. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






13. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






14. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






15. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






16. 40 ml/kg/day






17. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






18. 70% body weight






19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






21. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






22. 40% body weight






23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






26. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






27. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






30. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






31. 60% body weight






32. The concentration of effective osmoles.






33. Urinary -fecal






34. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






35. Total body water






36. 20% body weight






37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






38. 4% body weight






39. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






40. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






41. 6% body weight






42. 30% body weight






43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






44. 70% body weight






45. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






46. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






47. The loss of intravascular fluid.






48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time