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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






2. The loss of intravascular fluid.






3. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






4. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






5. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






6. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






7. 60% body weight






8. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






9. 4% body weight






10. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






11. 6% body weight






12. 20% body weight






13. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






15. 30% body weight






16. 70% body weight






17. 5% body weight






18. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






19. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






20. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






21. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






23. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. 40% body weight






30. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






31. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






32. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






33. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






34. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






35. Urinary -fecal






36. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






38. 40 ml/kg/day






39. Lateral neck skin






40. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






41. 300 mosm/L






42. Potential for transfusion reactions.






43. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






44. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






45. The concentration of effective osmoles.






46. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






47. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






48. 20 to 25 mmHG






49. Changes in body weight over time.






50. Total body water