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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
ICF in large animals
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
dehydration
categorizations of crystalloids
2. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
interstitial fluid
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cat
insensible losses
3. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
effective osmoles
shock dose for hypertonic saline
edema
4. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
hypovolemia
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
total body water (TBW)
5. 30% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ECF in large animal adults
complications of catheterization
ICF is small animals
6. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
blood volume in cats
maintenance water requirement
anion gap
ineffective osmole
7. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
sodium
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
goal of maintenance fluids
tonicity
8. The concentration of effective osmoles.
blood volume in cats
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
tonicity
types of the fluids used for maintenance
9. 6% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in cats
ICF is small animals
adverse effects of canine plasma
10. Extracellular water + intracellular water
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hydration parameters for physical examone
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
total body water (TBW)
11. Lower eyelid
most important colloid in the blood
canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
12. Sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ECF in large animal adults
shock dose for hypertonic saline
ICF in large animals
13. 20 to 25 mmHG
edema
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypertonic crystalloids
14. 300 mosm/L
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
ECF in small animal adults
sodium
normal osmolality of body fluid
15. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dehydration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hydration parameters for physical examone
iso-omolality of the body
16. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
hydration parameters for physical examone
traditional shock dose
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
17. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
goal of maintenance fluids
blood volume in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
18. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
categorizations of crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
tonicity
19. 40% body weight
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
indications for canine plasma
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
20. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
indications for canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
21. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
effective osmoles
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
22. Changes in body weight over time.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
Vetstarch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
tonicity
23. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
total osmolality
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
24. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
advantages of the IV route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
indications for canine plasma
25. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
typical uses for IO route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
most important colloid in the blood
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
26. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
signs of hypovolemia
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
indications for canine plasma
27. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
28. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
goal of maintenance fluids
29. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
law of electroneutrality
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
30. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
most important colloid in the blood
categorizations of crystalloids
osmolality
31. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
properties of isotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
32. Lateral neck skin
plasma volume in cats
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
33. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
alkalinizing crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
34. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
35. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
ICF in large animals
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
maintenance water requirement
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
primary effect of colloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
38. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
Vetstarch
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hydration parameters for physical examone
39. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
adverse effects of canine plasma
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
maintenance for a normal adult dog
40. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
law of electroneutrality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
iso-omolality of the body
41. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
advantages of the IV route of administration
sodium
plasma volume in adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
42. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
complications of catheterization
43. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
effective osmoles
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance water requirement
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
44. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
acidifying crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
45. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
complications of catheterization
potassium
46. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
blood volume in adults
iso-omolality of the body
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
47. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
maintenance water requirement
ECF in small animal adults
48. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
49. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
complications of the SC route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
50. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IV route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
types of the fluids used for maintenance