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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






2. 70% body weight






3. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






4. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






5. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






6. The loss of intravascular fluid.






7. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






8. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






9. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






10. Albumin






11. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






12. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






13. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






14. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






15. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






16. Total body water






17. 8% body weight






18. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






19. 30% body weight






20. Lower eyelid






21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. 20 to 25 mmHG






24. 6% body weight






25. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






26. 40 ml/kg/day






27. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






28. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






29. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






31. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






32. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






33. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






34. 4% body weight






35. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






36. 40% body weight






37. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






38. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






39. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






40. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






41. Lateral neck skin






42. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






44. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






45. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






46. 70% body weight






47. The concentration of effective osmoles.






48. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






49. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






50. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -