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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 60% body weight
acidifying crystalloids
anion gap
TBW in adults
mucous membrane moistness
2. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
3. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
effective osmoles
extracellular fluid (ECF)
skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
4. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
plasma volume in cats
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
alkalinizing crystalloids
5. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
shock does for hetastarch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
6. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
maintenance for a normal adult horse
edema
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
7. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
phases of a fluid therapy plan
anion gap
8. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
traditional shock dose
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
sensible fluid losses
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult horse
10. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hypovolemia
Vetstarch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
11. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
total osmolality
12. 30% body weight
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
most important colloid in the blood
ECF in large animal adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
dehydration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
14. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
skin elasticity test
total osmolality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
15. Sodium and associated anions
ineffective osmole
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ECF in small animal adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
16. Total body water
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
maintenance for a normal adult cat
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
17. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
law of electroneutrality
acidifying crystalloids
Vetstarch
sodium
18. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
19. 40% body weight
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
edema
maintenance for a normal adult dog
20. Potential for transfusion reactions.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
extracellular fluid (ECF)
typical uses for IO route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
21. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
law of electroneutrality
skin elasticity test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
22. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
most important colloid in the blood
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
tonicity
maintenance water requirement
23. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
24. 8% body weight
typical uses for IV route of administration
blood volume in adults
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
25. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
tonicity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
26. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
hydration parameters for physical examone
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
27. 20 to 25 mmHG
plasma volume in cats
normal vascular oncotic pressure
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
28. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
acidifying crystalloids
29. Extracellular water + intracellular water
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
30. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
properties of isotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
31. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
alkalinizing crystalloids
insensible losses
traditional shock dose
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
32. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
categorizations of crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
ICF is small animals
33. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
interstitial fluid
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
34. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
general properties of crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
skin elasticity test
35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
traditional shock dose
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmolality
36. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
interstitial fluid
37. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
dehydration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult horse
38. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
indications for canine plasma
acidifying crystalloids
39. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
categorizations of crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
potassium
ICF in large animals
40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
law of electroneutrality
goals of fluid resuscitation
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
41. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
advantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
anion gap
42. 300 mosm/L
insensible losses
normal osmolality of body fluid
total osmolality
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
43. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
signs of hypovolemia
acidifying crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
44. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cat
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
advantages of the SC route of administration
45. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
sodium
interstitial fluid
goal of maintenance fluids
46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
dehydration
47. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
48. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
advantages of the IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
maintenance water requirement
interstitial fluid
49. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
50. 20% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
anion gap
properties of colloids with large macromolecules