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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extracellular water + intracellular water






2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






3. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






4. 50 m;/kg/day






5. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






6. 40% body weight






7. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






8. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






9. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






10. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






11. 8% body weight






12. Sodium and associated anions






13. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






14. Potential for transfusion reactions.






15. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






16. 30% body weight






17. 5% body weight






18. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






20. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






21. 70% body weight






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. Lateral neck skin






24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






25. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






26. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






27. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






28. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






29. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






30. 70% body weight






31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






32. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






33. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






34. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






35. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






36. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






38. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






39. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






40. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






41. Albumin






42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






45. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






46. 60% body weight






47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






48. 6% body weight






49. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time