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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






2. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






3. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






4. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






5. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






7. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






8. The concentration of effective osmoles.






9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






10. 20 to 25 mmHG






11. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






12. 30% body weight






13. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






14. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






15. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






16. Total body water






17. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






18. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






20. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






21. Extracellular water + intracellular water






22. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






23. 60% body weight






24. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






26. 50 m;/kg/day






27. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






28. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






29. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






30. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






31. Albumin






32. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






33. 20% body weight






34. 40% body weight






35. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






37. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






38. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






39. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






40. 30% body weight






41. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






42. 300 mosm/L






43. Lower eyelid






44. The loss of intravascular fluid.






45. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






47. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






48. 4% body weight






49. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






50. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly