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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
extracellular fluid (ECF)
ECF in large animal adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
potassium
2. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
bloodwork changes and dehydration
sodium
3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
extracellular fluid (ECF)
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
4. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
interstitial fluid
5. 8% body weight
properties of isotonic crystalloids
osmolality
blood volume in adults
blood volume in cats
6. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
plasma volume in cats
total osmolality
iso-omolality of the body
7. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
normal vascular oncotic pressure
advantages of the IV route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
8. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
typical uses for IO route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
alkalinizing crystalloids
9. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
anion gap
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
tonicity
traditional shock dose
10. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
primary effect of colloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance water requirement
11. The loss of intravascular fluid.
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
insensible losses
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
12. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
anion gap
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
13. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
properties of isotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
normal vascular oncotic pressure
14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
traditional shock dose
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
alkalinizing crystalloids
15. The concentration of effective osmoles.
hypotonic crystalloids
tonicity
complications of the SC route of administration
insensible losses
16. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
law of electroneutrality
hydroxyethyl starch
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
indications for canine plasma
17. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
18. Total body water
adverse effects of canine plasma
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
bloodwork changes and dehydration
plasma volume in adults
19. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
phases of a fluid therapy plan
blood volume in adults
20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
complications of the SC route of administration
traditional shock dose
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
21. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult horse
ECF in small animal adults
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
22. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
most important colloid in the blood
mucous membrane moistness
acidifying crystalloids
canine plasma
23. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
traditional shock dose
maintenance for a normal adult cow
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
24. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
indications for canine plasma
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hypovolemia
25. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
complications of the SC route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
effective osmoles
canine plasma
27. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
effective osmoles
blood volume in cats
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids
28. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
total osmolality
potassium
blood volume in cats
law of electroneutrality
29. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
dehydration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
maintenance water requirement
30. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
adverse effects of canine plasma
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
31. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
complications of the SC route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
32. 50 m;/kg/day
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
maintenance for a normal adult cow
hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
33. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
ICF is small animals
canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult horse
34. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
dehydration
acidifying crystalloids
35. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
shock dose for hypertonic saline
skin elasticity test
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
36. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
potassium
advantages of the IO route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
37. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
complications of catheterization
goals of fluid resuscitation
general properties of crystalloids
ICF is small animals
38. 30% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult cat
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
39. 5% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult dog
plasma volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
categorizations of crystalloids
40. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
normal osmolality of body fluid
ineffective osmole
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
41. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
plasma volume in cats
bloodwork changes and dehydration
tonicity
42. 300 mosm/L
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
normal osmolality of body fluid
43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
mucous membrane moistness
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
44. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
advantages of the IV route of administration
ineffective osmole
45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
acidifying crystalloids
ineffective osmole
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
osmolality
46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
edema
interstitial fluid
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
47. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
adverse effects of canine plasma
typical uses for IO route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
sensible fluid losses
48. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
typical uses for IO route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
canine plasma
49. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
edema
50. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
interstitial fluid
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult horse