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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






2. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






3. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






4. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






5. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






6. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






7. 6% body weight






8. Interstitial fluid + blood






9. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






11. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






12. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






13. 4% body weight






14. 20% body weight






15. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






16. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






17. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






18. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






20. Potential for transfusion reactions.






21. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






22. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






23. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






24. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






25. Lateral neck skin






26. Sodium and associated anions






27. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






28. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






29. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






32. Urinary -fecal






33. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






34. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






35. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






36. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






37. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






38. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






39. The concentration of effective osmoles.






40. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






41. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






42. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






43. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






44. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






45. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






46. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






47. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






48. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






49. 30% body weight






50. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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