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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






2. 20% body weight






3. Sodium and associated anions






4. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






5. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






6. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






7. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






8. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






9. 5% body weight






10. 6% body weight






11. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






12. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






13. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






14. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






15. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






16. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






17. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






18. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






19. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






20. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






21. 20 to 25 mmHG






22. 4% body weight






23. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






26. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






27. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






28. Urinary -fecal






29. Total body water






30. 60% body weight






31. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






32. Potential for transfusion reactions.






33. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






34. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






35. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






36. Albumin






37. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






38. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






39. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






40. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






41. 70% body weight






42. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






43. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






44. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






45. 30% body weight






46. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






47. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






48. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






50. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects