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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






2. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






3. Lateral neck skin






4. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






5. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






6. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






7. Changes in body weight over time.






8. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






9. 4% body weight






10. Lower eyelid






11. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






12. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






13. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






14. The concentration of effective osmoles.






15. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






16. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






17. 60% body weight






18. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






19. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






20. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






21. The loss of intravascular fluid.






22. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






23. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






24. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






25. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






26. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






27. 20 to 25 mmHG






28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






29. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. Extracellular water + intracellular water






32. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






34. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






35. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






36. 70% body weight






37. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






38. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






39. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






40. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






41. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






42. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






44. 50 m;/kg/day






45. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






46. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






47. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






48. 40% body weight






49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






50. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly