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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






2. 70% body weight






3. Total body water






4. Lower eyelid






5. 4% body weight






6. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






7. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






8. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






9. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






10. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






11. 8% body weight






12. 40% body weight






13. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






14. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






15. 6% body weight






16. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






17. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






18. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






19. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






20. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






21. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






22. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






23. 20% body weight






24. Extracellular water + intracellular water






25. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






26. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






27. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






28. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






29. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






30. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






31. Albumin






32. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






33. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






34. The loss of intravascular fluid.






35. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






36. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






37. The concentration of effective osmoles.






38. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






39. Lateral neck skin






40. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






41. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






42. 60% body weight






43. Sodium and associated anions






44. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






45. 40 ml/kg/day






46. 70% body weight






47. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






48. Urinary -fecal






49. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






50. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS