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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40 ml/kg/day






2. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






3. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






4. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






6. Lateral neck skin






7. 30% body weight






8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






9. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






10. 20% body weight






11. 40% body weight






12. 300 mosm/L






13. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






14. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






15. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






16. Extracellular water + intracellular water






17. Urinary -fecal






18. The concentration of effective osmoles.






19. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






20. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






21. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






22. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






25. 40% body weight






26. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






27. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






28. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






29. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






30. Changes in body weight over time.






31. 4% body weight






32. 20 to 25 mmHG






33. Albumin






34. 5% body weight






35. Potential for transfusion reactions.






36. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






37. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






38. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






40. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






42. 6% body weight






43. Interstitial fluid + blood






44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






45. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






46. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






47. 8% body weight






48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






49. 30% body weight






50. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight







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