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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IO route of administration
skin elasticity test
2. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
primary effect of colloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
bloodwork changes and dehydration
3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in adults
complications of catheterization
hydration parameters for physical examone
4. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
ECF in large animal adults
sodium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
types of the fluids used for maintenance
5. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
anion gap
phases of a fluid therapy plan
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
6. 4% body weight
blood volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
sodium
plasma volume in cats
7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in cats
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
8. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
iso-omolality of the body
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
9. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
10. The concentration of effective osmoles.
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
tonicity
hydroxyethyl starch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
11. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
law of electroneutrality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
iso-omolality of the body
complications of catheterization
12. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
phases of a fluid therapy plan
13. 8% body weight
most important colloid in the blood
blood volume in adults
ineffective osmole
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
indications for canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
primary effect of colloids
hypertonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
16. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
17. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
phases of a fluid therapy plan
shock does for hetastarch
typical uses for IO route of administration
18. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
primary effect of colloids
blood volume in cats
indications for canine plasma
19. 20% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
goal of maintenance fluids
ECF in small animal adults
20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
normal vascular oncotic pressure
21. 20 to 25 mmHG
most important colloid in the blood
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
normal vascular oncotic pressure
maintenance for a normal adult cat
22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
osmolality
law of electroneutrality
23. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
shock does for hetastarch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
24. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
primary effect of colloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
alkalinizing crystalloids
ineffective osmole
dehydration
goal of maintenance fluids
26. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
dehydration
total body water (TBW)
27. 5% body weight
primary effect of colloids
general properties of crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
plasma volume in adults
28. 60% body weight
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
insensible losses
typical uses for IV route of administration
29. The loss of intravascular fluid.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypovolemia
30. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
31. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
hydration parameters for physical examone
maintenance for a normal adult dog
32. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
potassium
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
33. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
law of electroneutrality
34. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
extracellular fluid (ECF)
plasma volume in adults
35. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
goal of maintenance fluids
36. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
sensible fluid losses
maintenance water requirement
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
37. Sodium and associated anions
maintenance for a normal adult cow
general properties of crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
iso-omolality of the body
38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
most important colloid in the blood
advantages of the IO route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
insensible losses
39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
40. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
dehydration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
41. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of canine plasma
42. Lower eyelid
plasma volume in cats
most important colloid in the blood
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
indications for canine plasma
43. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
iso-omolality of the body
maintenance water requirement
advantages of the IO route of administration
44. 40% body weight
normal osmolality of body fluid
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
alkalinizing crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
45. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
potassium
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
46. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
most important colloid in the blood
anion gap
47. Lateral neck skin
maintenance for a normal adult cow
hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
potassium
48. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
advantages of the IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
49. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
50. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
plasma volume in adults
mucous membrane moistness
phases of a fluid therapy plan