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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






2. 30% body weight






3. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






4. 70% body weight






5. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






6. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






7. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






8. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






9. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






10. Lower eyelid






11. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






12. Lateral neck skin






13. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






14. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






15. 4% body weight






16. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






17. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






18. 50 m;/kg/day






19. 300 mosm/L






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






22. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






24. Changes in body weight over time.






25. 20 to 25 mmHG






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






28. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






29. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






30. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






31. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






32. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






33. 5% body weight






34. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






35. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






36. Sodium and associated anions






37. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






38. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






39. 6% body weight






40. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






41. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






42. The concentration of effective osmoles.






43. The loss of intravascular fluid.






44. 20% body weight






45. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






46. 40% body weight






47. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






48. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






49. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus