SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin
shock does for hetastarch
most important colloid in the blood
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
2. 300 mosm/L
shock dose for hypertonic saline
normal osmolality of body fluid
hydration parameters for physical examone
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
3. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult cow
4. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
total osmolality
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
5. 30% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
maintenance water requirement
general properties of crystalloids
ICF in large animals
6. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
ineffective osmole
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
sodium
7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
8. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
plasma volume in adults
properties of isotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
plasma volume in cats
9. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
typical uses for IO route of administration
effective osmoles
osmolality
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
10. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
goals of fluid resuscitation
tonicity
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
advantages of the IV route of administration
11. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
complications of the SC route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
TBW in adults
12. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
ECF in small animal adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
alkalinizing crystalloids
13. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
normal vascular oncotic pressure
maintenance for a normal adult dog
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
advantages of the IO route of administration
14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
typical uses for IV route of administration
sodium
15. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
categorizations of crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
normal osmolality of body fluid
complications of the SC route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
17. 8% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
tonicity
blood volume in adults
18. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
potassium
anion gap
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
19. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
indications for canine plasma
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
20. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
complications of the SC route of administration
indications for canine plasma
potassium
21. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
categorizations of crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
22. Interstitial fluid + blood
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
plasma volume in cats
typical uses for IO route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the IO route of administration
24. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
Vetstarch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
goal of maintenance fluids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
plasma volume in adults
26. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
hydroxyethyl starch
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
goal of maintenance fluids
sodium
27. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
goal of maintenance fluids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
dehydration
28. Sodium and associated anions
anion gap
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
29. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hypovolemia
goals of fluid resuscitation
30. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
blood volume in cats
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
31. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
TBW in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
traditional shock dose
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
32. 40% body weight
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
ICF is small animals
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
33. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
edema
osmolality
effective osmoles
34. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
35. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
36. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
acidifying crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
adverse effects of canine plasma
37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
interstitial fluid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
38. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
advantages of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
total body water (TBW)
39. 60% body weight
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
TBW in adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
40. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
maintenance for a normal adult dog
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
primary effect of colloids
41. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
plasma volume in adults
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
42. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
iso-omolality of the body
Vetstarch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
43. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance for a normal adult cow
advantages of the SC route of administration
44. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
normal vascular oncotic pressure
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
traditional shock dose
hypertonic crystalloids
45. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
46. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
interstitial fluid
potassium
ineffective osmole
total osmolality
47. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
phases of a fluid therapy plan
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
mucous membrane moistness
plasma volume in cats
48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
traditional shock dose
typical uses for IV route of administration
49. Lower eyelid
TBW in adults
traditional shock dose
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
properties of isotonic crystalloids
50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
anion gap
blood volume in cats