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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






2. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






3. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






4. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






6. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






7. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






8. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






9. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






10. Total body water






11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






12. 50 m;/kg/day






13. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






14. 30% body weight






15. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






16. Urinary -fecal






17. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






18. 40% body weight






19. 20% body weight






20. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






21. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






22. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






23. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






24. Lateral neck skin






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. The loss of intravascular fluid.






27. Interstitial fluid + blood






28. The concentration of effective osmoles.






29. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






30. Albumin






31. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






32. 8% body weight






33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






34. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






36. Potential for transfusion reactions.






37. 30% body weight






38. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






39. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






40. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






41. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






43. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






45. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






46. Changes in body weight over time.






47. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






48. 300 mosm/L






49. Lower eyelid






50. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight