SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40% body weight
traditional shock dose
ICF is small animals
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
shock does for hetastarch
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
3. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
plasma volume in cats
sodium
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
most important colloid in the blood
ICF in large animals
5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
plasma volume in adults
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
alkalinizing crystalloids
6. 30% body weight
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
goal of maintenance fluids
hydration parameters for physical examone
7. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
blood volume in adults
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
advantages of the IV route of administration
8. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
goals of fluid resuscitation
ICF in large animals
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
9. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
advantages of the IV route of administration
ECF in small animal adults
ineffective osmole
general properties of crystalloids
10. 40 ml/kg/day
goals of fluid resuscitation
maintenance for a normal adult horse
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
11. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
acidifying crystalloids
TBW in adults
law of electroneutrality
sensible fluid losses
12. 5% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
plasma volume in adults
most important colloid in the blood
13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
adverse effects of canine plasma
dehydration
canine plasma
law of electroneutrality
14. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
general properties of crystalloids
15. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
16. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
advantages of the IO route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
interstitial fluid
hypotonic crystalloids
17. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
18. 70% body weight
complications of catheterization
canine plasma
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
insensible losses
19. 60% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
TBW in adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
20. Total body water
ECF in large animal adults
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
signs of hypovolemia
21. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
advantages of the IV route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
22. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
canine plasma
TBW in adults
23. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
mucous membrane moistness
tonicity
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
24. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
blood volume in cats
hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
26. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
ineffective osmole
ECF in small animal adults
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
27. 4% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
plasma volume in cats
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
28. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
total osmolality
29. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
shock does for hetastarch
anion gap
osmolality
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
30. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
complications of catheterization
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
advantages of the IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
31. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
tonicity
skin elasticity test
edema
32. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
hypertonic crystalloids
33. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
advantages of the IV route of administration
shock does for hetastarch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
goal of maintenance fluids
34. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
signs of hypovolemia
Vetstarch
35. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
tonicity
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
ICF in large animals
36. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
normal osmolality of body fluid
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
37. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
properties of isotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
hydration parameters for physical examone
38. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
39. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
acidifying crystalloids
40. 20 to 25 mmHG
alkalinizing crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
normal vascular oncotic pressure
41. 70% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
42. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
advantages of the IV route of administration
sensible fluid losses
hydration parameters for physical examone
complications of the SC route of administration
43. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
canine plasma
types of the fluids used for maintenance
categorizations of crystalloids
44. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
traditional shock dose
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
sodium
45. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
46. 40% body weight
hypovolemia
typical uses for IO route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
47. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
maintenance for a normal adult cat
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
phases of a fluid therapy plan
48. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
most important colloid in the blood
maintenance water requirement
categorizations of crystalloids
49. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
signs of hypovolemia
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
50. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
effective osmoles
sensible fluid losses
mucous membrane moistness
shock dose for hypertonic saline