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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






2. Sodium and associated anions






3. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






4. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






5. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






6. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






7. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






8. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






9. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






10. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






11. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






12. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






13. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






14. 30% body weight






15. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






16. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






17. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






18. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






19. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






20. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






21. 60% body weight






22. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






23. The concentration of effective osmoles.






24. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






25. 300 mosm/L






26. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






27. 6% body weight






28. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






29. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






30. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






31. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






32. 4% body weight






33. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






34. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






35. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






36. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






37. Albumin






38. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






39. 40% body weight






40. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






41. 20 to 25 mmHG






42. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






43. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






44. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






45. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






46. 40 ml/kg/day






47. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






48. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






49. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






50. 4 ml/kg IV bolus