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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
advantages of the IV route of administration
skin elasticity test
alkalinizing crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
2. 40% body weight
complications of catheterization
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
3. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
interstitial fluid
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
4. 60% body weight
mucous membrane moistness
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
5. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
edema
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
6. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
advantages of the IO route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
7. 20% body weight
edema
ECF in small animal adults
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
8. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
bloodwork changes and dehydration
ineffective osmole
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
9. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
plasma volume in cats
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
10. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
anion gap
skin elasticity test
traditional shock dose
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
11. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
goal of maintenance fluids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
12. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
complications of the SC route of administration
shock does for hetastarch
maintenance water requirement
13. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
edema
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
14. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
potassium
advantages of the IO route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
properties of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
osmolality
16. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
ECF in small animal adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
phases of a fluid therapy plan
goals of fluid resuscitation
17. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
total osmolality
18. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
tonicity
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
19. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
adverse effects of canine plasma
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
advantages of the SC route of administration
complications of the SC route of administration
20. 6% body weight
dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
edema
blood volume in cats
21. The concentration of effective osmoles.
advantages of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
tonicity
22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
osmolality
ICF is small animals
traditional shock dose
23. Extracellular water + intracellular water
normal vascular oncotic pressure
total body water (TBW)
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
24. Albumin
iso-omolality of the body
most important colloid in the blood
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ICF is small animals
25. Interstitial fluid + blood
blood volume in adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
Vetstarch
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
26. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
27. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
28. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance water requirement
primary effect of colloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
29. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
edema
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
30. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
31. Lateral neck skin
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
32. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
advantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
33. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
blood volume in adults
sensible fluid losses
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
properties of isotonic crystalloids
34. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hydration parameters for physical examone
alkalinizing crystalloids
35. Urinary -fecal
ECF in large animal adults
anion gap
sensible fluid losses
alkalinizing crystalloids
36. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
interstitial fluid
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
mucous membrane moistness
37. 8% body weight
advantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
blood volume in adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
39. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
typical uses for IV route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
traditional shock dose
40. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
dehydration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
acidifying crystalloids
interstitial fluid
41. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hydration parameters for physical examone
shock does for hetastarch
categorizations of crystalloids
42. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
maintenance for a normal adult cow
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
most important colloid in the blood
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
ineffective osmole
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
goal of maintenance fluids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
44. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
tonicity
45. 5% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
alkalinizing crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
46. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
properties of isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
47. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult dog
normal vascular oncotic pressure
48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
goals of fluid resuscitation
canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
extracellular fluid (ECF)
49. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
50. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
traditional shock dose
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration