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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






2. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






3. 70% body weight






4. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






5. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






6. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






7. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






10. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






11. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






13. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






14. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






15. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






16. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






17. 40% body weight






18. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






19. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






20. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






21. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






22. 20% body weight






23. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






25. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






26. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






27. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






28. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






29. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






30. 60% body weight






31. 20 to 25 mmHG






32. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






33. 70% body weight






34. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






35. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. Interstitial fluid + blood






37. 8% body weight






38. 6% body weight






39. The loss of intravascular fluid.






40. Potential for transfusion reactions.






41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






42. 300 mosm/L






43. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






44. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






45. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






46. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






47. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






48. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






49. Sodium and associated anions






50. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.