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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






2. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






4. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






6. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






7. 6% body weight






8. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






9. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






10. 5% body weight






11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






12. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






13. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






14. 8% body weight






15. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






16. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






18. Lateral neck skin






19. The concentration of effective osmoles.






20. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






21. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






22. 40% body weight






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






27. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






28. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






29. 70% body weight






30. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






32. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






33. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






34. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






35. 70% body weight






36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






37. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






38. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






39. Extracellular water + intracellular water






40. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






41. 30% body weight






42. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






44. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






45. 50 m;/kg/day






46. Potential for transfusion reactions.






47. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






48. Changes in body weight over time.






49. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






50. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr