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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
complications of catheterization
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
effective osmoles
2. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
traditional shock dose
bloodwork changes and dehydration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
law of electroneutrality
3. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
hypovolemia
hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
4. 60% body weight
blood volume in adults
TBW in adults
iso-omolality of the body
mucous membrane moistness
5. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
general properties of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
6. The loss of intravascular fluid.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
traditional shock dose
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
effective osmoles
normal osmolality of body fluid
sodium
insensible losses
8. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hydration parameters for physical examone
most important colloid in the blood
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
9. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
effective osmoles
advantages of the IO route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
10. 8% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
11. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
indications for canine plasma
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
phases of a fluid therapy plan
12. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
goal of maintenance fluids
total osmolality
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
13. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
mucous membrane moistness
traditional shock dose
phases of a fluid therapy plan
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
14. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
potassium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
maintenance for a normal adult horse
law of electroneutrality
15. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
Vetstarch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
shock does for hetastarch
16. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
law of electroneutrality
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
17. 30% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
alkalinizing crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ECF in large animal adults
18. 70% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
anion gap
advantages of the IO route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
19. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
ECF in small animal adults
typical uses for IV route of administration
20. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
normal osmolality of body fluid
total osmolality
anion gap
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
21. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
typical uses for IO route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
insensible losses
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
22. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
skin elasticity test
edema
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
23. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
blood volume in cats
24. Lateral neck skin
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
total osmolality
25. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
dehydration
typical uses for IO route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
blood volume in adults
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
27. Extracellular water + intracellular water
skin elasticity test
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
28. 40% body weight
dehydration
shock does for hetastarch
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
29. Sodium and associated anions
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
effective osmoles
types of the fluids used for maintenance
30. Changes in body weight over time.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
potassium
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
plasma volume in adults
31. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
complications of catheterization
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
normal osmolality of body fluid
32. Interstitial fluid + blood
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
total osmolality
TBW in adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
33. Potential for transfusion reactions.
plasma volume in adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of canine plasma
extracellular fluid (ECF)
34. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
ICF in large animals
Vetstarch
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
35. Lower eyelid
traditional shock dose
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
36. Urinary -fecal
normal vascular oncotic pressure
law of electroneutrality
sensible fluid losses
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
37. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
shock dose for hypertonic saline
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of canine plasma
38. 20 to 25 mmHG
blood volume in cats
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
normal vascular oncotic pressure
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
39. 5% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
shock dose for hypertonic saline
plasma volume in adults
40. 30% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
complications of the SC route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
advantages of the SC route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
TBW in adults
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hypotonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
adverse effects of canine plasma
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
45. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
46. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult dog
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hypertonic crystalloids
47. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
insensible losses
hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
hydration parameters for physical examone
48. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult cat
49. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
insensible losses
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
mucous membrane moistness
50. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
insensible losses
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
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