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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






2. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






3. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






4. 8% body weight






5. 50 m;/kg/day






6. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






7. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






8. 20 to 25 mmHG






9. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






10. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






11. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






12. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






13. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






14. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






15. 40% body weight






16. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






17. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






18. Albumin






19. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






20. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






21. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






22. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






23. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






24. 4% body weight






25. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






26. 40 ml/kg/day






27. Changes in body weight over time.






28. 40% body weight






29. 70% body weight






30. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






32. The loss of intravascular fluid.






33. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






34. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






35. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






37. Potential for transfusion reactions.






38. Lower eyelid






39. Extracellular water + intracellular water






40. 5% body weight






41. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






42. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






43. The concentration of effective osmoles.






44. 30% body weight






45. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






47. Urinary -fecal






48. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes