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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20% body weight






2. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






3. 70% body weight






4. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






5. Lower eyelid






6. 20 to 25 mmHG






7. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






8. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






9. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






10. Total body water






11. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






12. 8% body weight






13. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






14. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






15. Extracellular water + intracellular water






16. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






17. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






18. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






19. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






20. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






21. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






22. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






23. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






26. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






27. 60% body weight






28. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






29. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






30. The concentration of effective osmoles.






31. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






32. 4% body weight






33. Albumin






34. Sodium and associated anions






35. 40% body weight






36. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






37. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






38. Changes in body weight over time.






39. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






40. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






42. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






43. 70% body weight






44. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






45. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






46. Potential for transfusion reactions.






47. 50 m;/kg/day






48. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






49. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






50. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction