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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






3. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






4. Lateral neck skin






5. Sodium and associated anions






6. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






7. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






8. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






9. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






10. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






11. 60% body weight






12. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






13. 20% body weight






14. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






15. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






16. Potential for transfusion reactions.






17. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






18. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






19. 8% body weight






20. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






21. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






22. 50 m;/kg/day






23. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






24. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






25. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






26. Extracellular water + intracellular water






27. The loss of intravascular fluid.






28. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






29. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






30. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






32. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






33. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






34. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






35. Urinary -fecal






36. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






37. Interstitial fluid + blood






38. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






39. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






40. 40 ml/kg/day






41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






43. 70% body weight






44. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






45. 30% body weight






46. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






47. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






48. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






49. Total body water






50. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions