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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






3. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






4. 5% body weight






5. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






6. Total body water






7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






8. 20% body weight






9. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






10. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






11. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






12. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






13. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






14. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






15. 40 ml/kg/day






16. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






18. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






20. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






21. Sodium and associated anions






22. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






23. Changes in body weight over time.






24. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






25. 30% body weight






26. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






27. Lateral neck skin






28. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






29. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






30. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Extracellular water + intracellular water






32. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






34. 300 mosm/L






35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






36. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






37. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






38. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






39. 70% body weight






40. 40% body weight






41. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






42. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






43. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






44. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






45. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






46. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






47. 6% body weight






48. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






49. 4% body weight






50. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes