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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






2. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






3. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






4. Interstitial fluid + blood






5. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






6. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






7. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






8. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






10. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






11. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






12. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






13. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






14. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






15. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






16. 60% body weight






17. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






18. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






19. 40% body weight






20. 30% body weight






21. Albumin






22. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






23. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






24. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






25. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






26. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






27. 20% body weight






28. The concentration of effective osmoles.






29. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






30. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






31. 30% body weight






32. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






33. 20 to 25 mmHG






34. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






36. 5% body weight






37. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






38. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






39. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






40. 6% body weight






41. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






42. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






44. 8% body weight






45. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






46. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






47. 70% body weight






48. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






49. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






50. Extracellular water + intracellular water