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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20 to 25 mmHG






2. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






3. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






4. 5% body weight






5. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






6. 60% body weight






7. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






8. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






9. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






10. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






11. 50 m;/kg/day






12. Urinary -fecal






13. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






14. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






15. Changes in body weight over time.






16. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






17. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






18. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






19. 40 ml/kg/day






20. 6% body weight






21. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






22. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






23. Albumin






24. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






25. Total body water






26. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






27. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






28. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






29. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






32. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






33. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






34. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






35. The loss of intravascular fluid.






36. 20% body weight






37. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






39. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






40. 40% body weight






41. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






42. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






43. 300 mosm/L






44. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






45. 70% body weight






46. The concentration of effective osmoles.






47. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






48. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






49. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury