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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Potential for transfusion reactions.






2. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






3. 70% body weight






4. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






5. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






6. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






7. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






8. Albumin






9. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






10. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






11. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






12. The concentration of effective osmoles.






13. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






14. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






15. 40% body weight






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






18. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






19. 30% body weight






20. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






21. Changes in body weight over time.






22. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






23. 40 ml/kg/day






24. 20 to 25 mmHG






25. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






26. 4% body weight






27. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






28. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






29. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






30. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






31. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






32. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






33. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






34. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






36. Urinary -fecal






37. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






38. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






39. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






40. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






42. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






43. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






44. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






45. 50 m;/kg/day






46. Lateral neck skin






47. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






48. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






49. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






50. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects