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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






2. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






3. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






4. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






5. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






6. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






7. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






8. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






9. 40% body weight






10. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






11. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






12. 40 ml/kg/day






13. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






14. The loss of intravascular fluid.






15. Interstitial fluid + blood






16. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






17. Urinary -fecal






18. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






19. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






21. 70% body weight






22. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






23. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






24. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






25. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






26. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






27. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






28. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






29. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






30. 6% body weight






31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






32. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






33. 30% body weight






34. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






35. 5% body weight






36. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






37. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






40. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






41. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






42. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






43. The concentration of effective osmoles.






44. Changes in body weight over time.






45. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






46. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






47. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






48. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






49. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






50. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.