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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






2. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






3. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






4. 40% body weight






5. Interstitial fluid + blood






6. Albumin






7. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






8. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






9. 20 to 25 mmHG






10. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






11. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






12. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






13. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






14. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






15. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






16. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






17. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






18. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






19. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






20. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






21. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






22. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






23. Lower eyelid






24. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






25. Urinary -fecal






26. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






27. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






28. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






29. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






30. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






31. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






32. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






33. Lateral neck skin






34. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






35. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






36. 8% body weight






37. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






39. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






40. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






41. 40 ml/kg/day






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






44. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






45. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






46. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






47. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






48. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






49. Changes in body weight over time.






50. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS