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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






2. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






3. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






4. 60% body weight






5. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






6. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






7. 20% body weight






8. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






9. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






10. 70% body weight






11. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






12. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






13. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






14. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






15. The concentration of effective osmoles.






16. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






17. Sodium and associated anions






18. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






19. 40% body weight






20. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






21. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






22. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






23. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






24. 6% body weight






25. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






26. Lateral neck skin






27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






28. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






29. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






30. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






31. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






32. 8% body weight






33. 40 ml/kg/day






34. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






35. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






37. 4% body weight






38. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






39. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






40. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






41. 70% body weight






42. Urinary -fecal






43. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






44. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






45. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






46. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






47. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






48. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






49. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






50. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients