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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
indications for canine plasma
signs of hypovolemia
ineffective osmole
hypotonic crystalloids
2. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
alkalinizing crystalloids
3. 40 ml/kg/day
sodium
mucous membrane moistness
sensible fluid losses
maintenance for a normal adult horse
4. Total body water
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
phases of a fluid therapy plan
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
5. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
6. 300 mosm/L
signs of hypovolemia
plasma volume in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
typical uses for IV route of administration
7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
blood volume in cats
sodium
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
interstitial fluid
dehydration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
9. 40% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
sodium
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
10. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
skin elasticity test
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
11. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
ICF is small animals
typical uses for IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
12. Interstitial fluid + blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
complications of catheterization
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of canine plasma
13. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
14. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
maintenance for a normal adult dog
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
15. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
16. 8% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
blood volume in adults
bloodwork changes and dehydration
17. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
bloodwork changes and dehydration
advantages of the SC route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
18. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
total body water (TBW)
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
goals of fluid resuscitation
19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
20. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
21. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
shock does for hetastarch
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
22. 50 m;/kg/day
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult cow
canine plasma
goals of fluid resuscitation
23. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
acidifying crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
24. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
goal of maintenance fluids
25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
categorizations of crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
26. 30% body weight
law of electroneutrality
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ECF in large animal adults
27. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
adverse effects of canine plasma
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
28. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
shock dose for hypertonic saline
29. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
complications of the SC route of administration
blood volume in cats
maintenance water requirement
extracellular fluid (ECF)
30. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
acidifying crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
31. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
ICF in large animals
32. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
edema
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
skin elasticity test
dehydration
34. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
typical uses for IV route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
35. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
edema
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
36. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
properties of isotonic crystalloids
dehydration
hypovolemia
37. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
edema
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
38. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
hydroxyethyl starch
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IV route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
39. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
maintenance for a normal adult cat
ICF is small animals
categorizations of crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
40. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
41. 6% body weight
osmolality
blood volume in cats
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
maintenance for a normal adult dog
42. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
maintenance for a normal adult cat
43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
effective osmoles
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of canine plasma
44. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
extracellular fluid (ECF)
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
45. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
typical uses for IO route of administration
ICF is small animals
maintenance water requirement
hypertonic crystalloids
46. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
complications of catheterization
canine plasma
potassium
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
47. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
sensible fluid losses
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
complications of catheterization
phases of a fluid therapy plan
48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
maintenance for a normal adult cow
blood volume in cats
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
phases of a fluid therapy plan
49. 40% body weight
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
50. 20 to 25 mmHG
effective osmoles
goals of fluid resuscitation
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypotonic crystalloids