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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






2. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






3. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






4. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






5. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






6. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






7. Potential for transfusion reactions.






8. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






10. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






11. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






12. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






13. 30% body weight






14. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






15. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






16. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






17. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






18. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






19. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






20. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






21. 40% body weight






22. Extracellular water + intracellular water






23. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






24. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






26. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






27. 40% body weight






28. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






29. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






30. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






31. Interstitial fluid + blood






32. Albumin






33. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






34. Total body water






35. 8% body weight






36. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






37. 60% body weight






38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






39. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






42. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






43. 20 to 25 mmHG






44. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






45. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






46. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






47. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






48. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus







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