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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






2. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






3. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






4. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






5. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






6. Urinary -fecal






7. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






8. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






10. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






11. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






12. 60% body weight






13. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






14. 40% body weight






15. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






16. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






17. 4% body weight






18. 70% body weight






19. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






20. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






21. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






22. Changes in body weight over time.






23. 50 m;/kg/day






24. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






26. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






27. 40 ml/kg/day






28. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






29. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






30. 40% body weight






31. 70% body weight






32. 300 mosm/L






33. Albumin






34. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






35. Potential for transfusion reactions.






36. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






37. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






39. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






40. 5% body weight






41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






44. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






45. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






47. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






48. 6% body weight






49. 8% body weight






50. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.