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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






3. Total body water






4. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






5. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






6. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






7. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






8. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






9. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






10. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






11. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






12. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






13. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






14. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






15. 30% body weight






16. 70% body weight






17. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






18. The loss of intravascular fluid.






19. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






20. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






21. 40% body weight






22. 70% body weight






23. The concentration of effective osmoles.






24. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






25. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






26. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






27. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






28. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






29. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






30. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






31. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






32. 40% body weight






33. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






34. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






35. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






36. Extracellular water + intracellular water






37. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






38. 5% body weight






39. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






40. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






41. 20% body weight






42. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






43. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






44. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






45. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






46. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






47. 40 ml/kg/day






48. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






49. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






50. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative







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