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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
potassium
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
goals of fluid resuscitation
2. 50 m;/kg/day
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
anion gap
hypovolemia
3. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
ICF in large animals
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
4. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
types of the fluids used for maintenance
5. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
anion gap
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
iso-omolality of the body
6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult dog
complications of catheterization
phases of a fluid therapy plan
7. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
types of the fluids used for maintenance
total body water (TBW)
insensible losses
8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
potassium
hypotonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
9. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
maintenance for a normal adult cow
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
10. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
sensible fluid losses
11. Potential for transfusion reactions.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
phases of a fluid therapy plan
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
adverse effects of canine plasma
12. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
sensible fluid losses
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
law of electroneutrality
13. The concentration of effective osmoles.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
tonicity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
14. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
bloodwork changes and dehydration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
15. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
typical uses for IV route of administration
canine plasma
16. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
plasma volume in cats
maintenance water requirement
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hypertonic crystalloids
17. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
total body water (TBW)
phases of a fluid therapy plan
iso-omolality of the body
18. The loss of intravascular fluid.
Vetstarch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
hypovolemia
sodium
19. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydration parameters for physical examone
bloodwork changes and dehydration
20. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
advantages of the SC route of administration
skin elasticity test
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
anion gap
21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
blood volume in cats
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
22. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
ECF in large animal adults
ICF is small animals
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
23. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hypovolemia
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
24. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
traditional shock dose
25. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
maintenance for a normal adult horse
phases of a fluid therapy plan
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
26. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
sodium
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
27. 20% body weight
total osmolality
plasma volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ECF in small animal adults
28. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
typical uses for IO route of administration
29. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
acidifying crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
edema
30. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
blood volume in cats
typical uses for IV route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
31. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
effective osmoles
categorizations of crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
traditional shock dose
32. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
interstitial fluid
edema
advantages of the SC route of administration
sodium
33. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
primary effect of colloids
hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
mucous membrane moistness
34. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
advantages of the IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
osmolality
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
35. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animal adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
36. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
iso-omolality of the body
phases of a fluid therapy plan
37. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
potassium
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydration parameters for physical examone
38. 4% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult dog
general properties of crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
goal of maintenance fluids
39. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
insensible losses
ECF in large animal adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
40. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
ICF is small animals
hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
41. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
edema
mucous membrane moistness
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
42. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
advantages of the IO route of administration
43. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
sodium
ICF in large animals
maintenance for a normal adult horse
44. Extracellular water + intracellular water
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
typical uses for IO route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
45. Lower eyelid
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
plasma volume in adults
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
46. 40 ml/kg/day
general properties of crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult horse
total body water (TBW)
47. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
alkalinizing crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
effective osmoles
48. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
49. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
50. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
goals of fluid resuscitation
anion gap
skin elasticity test
advantages of the IO route of administration
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