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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






3. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






4. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






5. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






6. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






7. Extracellular water + intracellular water






8. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






9. 8% body weight






10. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






11. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






12. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






13. Urinary -fecal






14. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






15. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






16. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






17. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






18. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






19. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






20. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






21. 60% body weight






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






25. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






26. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






27. 30% body weight






28. Changes in body weight over time.






29. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






30. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






31. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






32. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






33. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






34. 5% body weight






35. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






36. Lateral neck skin






37. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






38. 30% body weight






39. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






40. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






41. 40 ml/kg/day






42. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






43. 6% body weight






44. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






45. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






46. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






47. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






48. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






49. The concentration of effective osmoles.






50. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.