Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40% body weight






2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






3. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






6. 30% body weight






7. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






8. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






9. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






10. 40 ml/kg/day






11. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






12. 5% body weight






13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






14. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






15. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






16. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






17. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






18. 70% body weight






19. 60% body weight






20. Total body water






21. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






22. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






23. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






24. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






26. 30% body weight






27. 4% body weight






28. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






29. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






30. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






31. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






32. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






33. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






34. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






35. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






36. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






37. Extracellular water + intracellular water






38. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






39. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






40. 20 to 25 mmHG






41. 70% body weight






42. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






43. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






44. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






45. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






46. 40% body weight






47. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






48. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






49. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






50. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test