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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






2. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






3. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






4. 300 mosm/L






5. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






6. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






8. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






9. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






10. Lower eyelid






11. 4% body weight






12. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






13. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






14. Urinary -fecal






15. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






16. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






17. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






18. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






19. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






20. 5% body weight






21. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






23. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






24. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






25. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






26. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






27. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






28. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






29. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






30. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






31. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






32. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






33. Albumin






34. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






35. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






36. 40% body weight






37. 8% body weight






38. Sodium and associated anions






39. 20 to 25 mmHG






40. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






41. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






42. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






43. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






44. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






46. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






47. Potential for transfusion reactions.






48. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






49. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






50. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid