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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin






2. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






4. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






5. Lateral neck skin






6. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






7. Urinary -fecal






8. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






9. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






10. Sodium and associated anions






11. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






12. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






13. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






14. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






15. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






16. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






17. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






18. The concentration of effective osmoles.






19. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






20. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






21. The loss of intravascular fluid.






22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






26. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






27. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






28. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






29. 20% body weight






30. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






31. 300 mosm/L






32. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






33. 30% body weight






34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






35. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






37. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






39. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






40. 4% body weight






41. Extracellular water + intracellular water






42. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






43. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






44. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






47. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






48. Potential for transfusion reactions.






49. 6% body weight






50. 40 ml/kg/day