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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 8% body weight






2. Changes in body weight over time.






3. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






4. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






5. 5% body weight






6. 30% body weight






7. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






8. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






10. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






11. Interstitial fluid + blood






12. 40 ml/kg/day






13. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






14. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






15. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






16. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






17. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






18. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






19. 40% body weight






20. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






22. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






23. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






24. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






25. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






26. Sodium and associated anions






27. 4% body weight






28. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






30. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






31. 6% body weight






32. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






33. 30% body weight






34. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






36. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






37. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






38. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






39. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






40. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






41. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






43. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






44. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






45. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






46. 300 mosm/L






47. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






48. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






49. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






50. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.