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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






2. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






3. Albumin






4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






5. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






6. 60% body weight






7. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






8. 5% body weight






9. Urinary -fecal






10. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






11. The loss of intravascular fluid.






12. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






13. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






14. 20 to 25 mmHG






15. The concentration of effective osmoles.






16. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






17. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






20. 4% body weight






21. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






24. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






25. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






26. Total body water






27. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. 50 m;/kg/day






30. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






31. 6% body weight






32. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






33. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






34. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






35. 30% body weight






36. Lateral neck skin






37. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






38. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






39. 70% body weight






40. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






41. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






42. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






43. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






44. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






45. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






46. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






47. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






48. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






49. 40% body weight






50. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects