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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






2. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






3. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






4. 60% body weight






5. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






6. The loss of intravascular fluid.






7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






8. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






9. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






10. 8% body weight






11. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






12. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






13. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






14. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






15. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






16. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






17. 30% body weight






18. 70% body weight






19. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






20. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






21. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






22. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






23. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






24. Lateral neck skin






25. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






27. Extracellular water + intracellular water






28. 40% body weight






29. Sodium and associated anions






30. Changes in body weight over time.






31. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






32. Interstitial fluid + blood






33. Potential for transfusion reactions.






34. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






35. Lower eyelid






36. Urinary -fecal






37. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






38. 20 to 25 mmHG






39. 5% body weight






40. 30% body weight






41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






45. Total body water






46. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






47. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






48. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






49. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






50. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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