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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 6% body weight






2. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






3. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






4. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






5. Albumin






6. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






7. Interstitial fluid + blood






8. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






9. Lower eyelid






10. 50 m;/kg/day






11. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






12. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






13. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






14. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






15. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






16. Potential for transfusion reactions.






17. 4% body weight






18. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






19. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






20. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






21. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






22. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






23. The concentration of effective osmoles.






24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






25. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






26. 20 to 25 mmHG






27. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






28. 30% body weight






29. 300 mosm/L






30. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






31. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






32. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






33. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






34. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






35. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






36. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






37. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






38. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






39. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






40. Extracellular water + intracellular water






41. 20% body weight






42. The loss of intravascular fluid.






43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






44. Lateral neck skin






45. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






46. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






47. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






48. 70% body weight






49. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






50. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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