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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin






2. 20 to 25 mmHG






3. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






4. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






5. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






6. Changes in body weight over time.






7. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






8. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






9. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






10. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






11. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






12. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






13. Lower eyelid






14. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






15. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






16. 20% body weight






17. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






18. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






19. Lateral neck skin






20. 8% body weight






21. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






22. 6% body weight






23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






24. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






25. 40% body weight






26. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






27. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






28. 40 ml/kg/day






29. 30% body weight






30. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






31. Urinary -fecal






32. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






33. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






34. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






35. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






37. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






38. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






39. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






40. 70% body weight






41. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






42. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






43. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






44. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






45. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






46. 4% body weight






47. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






48. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






49. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






50. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss