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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40 ml/kg/day






2. Extracellular water + intracellular water






3. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






4. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






5. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






7. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






8. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






9. The loss of intravascular fluid.






10. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






11. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






12. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






13. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






14. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






15. 70% body weight






16. 20 to 25 mmHG






17. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






18. Total body water






19. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






20. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






22. 60% body weight






23. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






25. 8% body weight






26. Potential for transfusion reactions.






27. 40% body weight






28. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






29. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






30. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






31. 4% body weight






32. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






33. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






34. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






35. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






36. The concentration of effective osmoles.






37. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






38. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






39. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






40. 70% body weight






41. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






43. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






44. Urinary -fecal






45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






46. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






47. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






48. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






49. 5% body weight






50. Albumin