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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ECF in small animal adults
2. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
total osmolality
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
traditional shock dose
indications for canine plasma
3. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hydroxyethyl starch
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
4. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
law of electroneutrality
potassium
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
5. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
signs of hypovolemia
plasma volume in adults
categorizations of crystalloids
6. 5% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
plasma volume in adults
dehydration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
7. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
law of electroneutrality
blood volume in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
Vetstarch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmolality
potassium
9. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
hydroxyethyl starch
total body water (TBW)
law of electroneutrality
dehydration
10. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
plasma volume in adults
dehydration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
total body water (TBW)
11. 40 ml/kg/day
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult horse
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
12. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
indications for canine plasma
anion gap
edema
advantages of the IV route of administration
13. Potential for transfusion reactions.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
effective osmoles
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
14. Extracellular water + intracellular water
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
advantages of the IO route of administration
total body water (TBW)
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
15. The concentration of effective osmoles.
maintenance for a normal adult dog
tonicity
acidifying crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
primary effect of colloids
TBW in adults
edema
17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
categorizations of crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
types of the fluids used for maintenance
adverse effects of canine plasma
18. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
plasma volume in cats
complications of the SC route of administration
complications of catheterization
19. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmolality
anion gap
ECF in small animal adults
20. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
primary effect of colloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
shock dose for hypertonic saline
21. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
extracellular fluid (ECF)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
ICF in large animals
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
22. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
Vetstarch
ineffective osmole
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
23. 4% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult cow
plasma volume in cats
bloodwork changes and dehydration
ECF in small animal adults
24. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
25. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
tonicity
26. 20 to 25 mmHG
hydroxyethyl starch
law of electroneutrality
normal vascular oncotic pressure
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
27. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
categorizations of crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
28. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
ICF is small animals
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
complications of the SC route of administration
29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
maintenance for a normal adult cow
Vetstarch
goals of fluid resuscitation
maintenance water requirement
30. Changes in body weight over time.
ICF is small animals
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
plasma volume in cats
31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
general properties of crystalloids
32. Lateral neck skin
Vetstarch
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
signs of hypovolemia
anion gap
33. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
sodium
34. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
insensible losses
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
traditional shock dose
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
35. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
tonicity
hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IO route of administration
Vetstarch
36. 40% body weight
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
complications of catheterization
37. The loss of intravascular fluid.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hypovolemia
hypertonic crystalloids
38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
goals of fluid resuscitation
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
39. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
total body water (TBW)
tonicity
adverse effects of canine plasma
anion gap
40. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
41. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
sodium
acidifying crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
42. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
ECF in large animal adults
mucous membrane moistness
ICF is small animals
hypotonic crystalloids
43. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
acidifying crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IV route of administration
44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
types of the fluids used for maintenance
sodium
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
45. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
normal osmolality of body fluid
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
maintenance for a normal adult dog
maintenance for a normal adult cow
46. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
maintenance for a normal adult cow
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
47. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
Vetstarch
sensible fluid losses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
48. 60% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
49. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
sodium
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
traditional shock dose
50. Total body water
maintenance for a normal adult cow
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution