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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






3. 5% body weight






4. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






5. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






6. 20% body weight






7. Total body water






8. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






9. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






10. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






11. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






12. Lower eyelid






13. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






14. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






15. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






17. Urinary -fecal






18. Interstitial fluid + blood






19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






20. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






21. 20 to 25 mmHG






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






24. 70% body weight






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. The concentration of effective osmoles.






27. Lateral neck skin






28. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






29. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






30. 70% body weight






31. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






32. 40% body weight






33. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






34. Sodium and associated anions






35. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






36. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






37. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






39. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






40. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






41. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






44. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






45. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






46. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






47. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






48. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






49. 30% body weight






50. 8% body weight







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