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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






2. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






3. 20% body weight






4. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






5. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






6. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






7. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






8. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






9. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






10. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






11. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






12. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






13. Total body water






14. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






15. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






16. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






17. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






18. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






19. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






20. 4% body weight






21. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






22. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. 40 ml/kg/day






25. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






26. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






27. Lateral neck skin






28. 8% body weight






29. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






30. 50 m;/kg/day






31. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






32. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






33. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






34. Urinary -fecal






35. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






36. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






37. Albumin






38. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






39. 300 mosm/L






40. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






41. Lower eyelid






42. 20 to 25 mmHG






43. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






44. 30% body weight






45. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






46. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






47. 40% body weight






48. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






49. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






50. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia