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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






2. 40 ml/kg/day






3. Extracellular water + intracellular water






4. 40% body weight






5. Sodium and associated anions






6. Lateral neck skin






7. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






9. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






10. Total body water






11. 70% body weight






12. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






15. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






18. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






19. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






20. 8% body weight






21. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






22. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






23. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






25. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






26. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






27. 30% body weight






28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






29. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






30. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






32. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






34. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






35. Urinary -fecal






36. 20% body weight






37. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






38. The concentration of effective osmoles.






39. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






41. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






42. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






43. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






45. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






46. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






48. 70% body weight






49. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






50. 5% body weight