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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






2. Interstitial fluid + blood






3. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






4. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






5. 300 mosm/L






6. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






8. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






9. The concentration of effective osmoles.






10. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






11. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






12. 6% body weight






13. Sodium and associated anions






14. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






15. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






16. 30% body weight






17. 70% body weight






18. Urinary -fecal






19. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






20. Lower eyelid






21. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






22. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






23. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






24. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






26. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






27. 40% body weight






28. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






29. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






30. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






31. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






32. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






33. Changes in body weight over time.






34. Lateral neck skin






35. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






37. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






38. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






39. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






40. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






41. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






42. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






43. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






44. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






45. 20 to 25 mmHG






46. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






47. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






48. 60% body weight






49. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus