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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






3. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






4. 20% body weight






5. 30% body weight






6. Total body water






7. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






8. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






9. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






11. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






12. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






13. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






14. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






15. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






16. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






17. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






18. Albumin






19. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






20. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






21. 70% body weight






22. Potential for transfusion reactions.






23. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






24. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






25. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






26. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






27. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






28. 5% body weight






29. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






30. The loss of intravascular fluid.






31. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






32. 30% body weight






33. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






34. 20 to 25 mmHG






35. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






36. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






37. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






38. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






39. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






40. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






42. Extracellular water + intracellular water






43. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






44. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






45. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






46. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






47. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






48. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






49. 40% body weight






50. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity







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