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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






2. Total body water






3. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






4. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






5. 300 mosm/L






6. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






7. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






8. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






9. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






10. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






11. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






12. 20 to 25 mmHG






13. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






14. 8% body weight






15. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






16. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






17. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






19. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






20. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






22. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






23. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






24. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






26. 30% body weight






27. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






28. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






29. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






30. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






31. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






32. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






33. Sodium and associated anions






34. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






35. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






36. The loss of intravascular fluid.






37. 20% body weight






38. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






39. Urinary -fecal






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






42. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






43. 70% body weight






44. Changes in body weight over time.






45. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






46. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






47. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






48. Lower eyelid






49. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






50. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.