Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






2. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






3. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






4. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






5. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






6. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






7. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






8. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






9. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






10. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






11. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






12. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






13. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






14. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






15. 40 ml/kg/day






16. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






17. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






18. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






19. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






20. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






21. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






22. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






23. The loss of intravascular fluid.






24. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






25. The concentration of effective osmoles.






26. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






27. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






28. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






29. Sodium and associated anions






30. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






31. 6% body weight






32. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






33. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






34. 70% body weight






35. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






36. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






37. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






38. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






39. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






40. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






41. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






42. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






44. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






45. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






46. 300 mosm/L






47. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






48. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






49. Extracellular water + intracellular water






50. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.