SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
hypovolemia
dehydration
hydration parameters for physical examone
mucous membrane moistness
2. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
ECF in large animal adults
hydration parameters for physical examone
iso-omolality of the body
3. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
4. 70% body weight
hypovolemia
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
5. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
hydration parameters for physical examone
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
mucous membrane moistness
6. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
law of electroneutrality
7. The concentration of effective osmoles.
mucous membrane moistness
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
tonicity
law of electroneutrality
8. Total body water
signs of hypovolemia
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
hydration parameters for physical examone
9. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
interstitial fluid
10. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
shock does for hetastarch
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
11. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
mucous membrane moistness
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
12. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
TBW in adults
potassium
13. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
total body water (TBW)
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult horse
goal of maintenance fluids
14. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
dehydration
total osmolality
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
15. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
law of electroneutrality
16. Changes in body weight over time.
canine plasma
edema
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
17. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
ineffective osmole
general properties of crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
18. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
19. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
most important colloid in the blood
indications for canine plasma
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
canine plasma
20. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
tonicity
advantages of the SC route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
traditional shock dose
21. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
insensible losses
advantages of the IO route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
22. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
dehydration
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
23. Lower eyelid
advantages of the SC route of administration
hypovolemia
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
traditional shock dose
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
25. Albumin
goal of maintenance fluids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
26. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
goals of fluid resuscitation
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ECF in small animal adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
typical uses for IO route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
complications of catheterization
total osmolality
28. 5% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
29. Potential for transfusion reactions.
categorizations of crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
30. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
potassium
blood volume in cats
general properties of crystalloids
31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
typical uses for IV route of administration
indications for canine plasma
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
total osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
33. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
types of the fluids used for maintenance
properties of isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
ICF is small animals
34. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
plasma volume in adults
general properties of crystalloids
tonicity
typical uses for IO route of administration
35. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
sodium
edema
ineffective osmole
general properties of crystalloids
36. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
potassium
bloodwork changes and dehydration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
37. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
normal osmolality of body fluid
sensible fluid losses
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
38. 50 m;/kg/day
blood volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult cow
acidifying crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
39. The loss of intravascular fluid.
goals of fluid resuscitation
hypovolemia
ECF in small animal adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
40. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
interstitial fluid
canine plasma
41. Sodium and associated anions
alkalinizing crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
42. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
indications for canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
signs of hypovolemia
skin elasticity test
43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult dog
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
44. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
canine plasma
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
shock does for hetastarch
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
45. 6% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
normal osmolality of body fluid
blood volume in cats
hypotonic crystalloids
46. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
edema
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
47. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
sensible fluid losses
primary effect of colloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
48. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
osmolality
49. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
phases of a fluid therapy plan
shock dose for hypertonic saline
sodium
50. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
ineffective osmole
hypovolemia