Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles.






2. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






3. Lateral neck skin






4. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






5. The loss of intravascular fluid.






6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






7. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






8. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






9. Lower eyelid






10. 40 ml/kg/day






11. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






12. 50 m;/kg/day






13. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






14. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






15. Total body water






16. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






17. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






18. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






19. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






20. 70% body weight






21. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






22. 70% body weight






23. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






24. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






25. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






26. 5% body weight






27. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






28. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






29. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






30. 40% body weight






31. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






32. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






33. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






34. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






36. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






37. Interstitial fluid + blood






38. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






39. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






42. Albumin






43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






44. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






45. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






46. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






47. Changes in body weight over time.






48. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






49. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






50. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight