Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






2. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






3. Extracellular water + intracellular water






4. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






5. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






6. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






7. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






8. 40% body weight






9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






10. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






11. 20 to 25 mmHG






12. Changes in body weight over time.






13. 70% body weight






14. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






15. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






16. Total body water






17. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






18. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






19. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






20. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






21. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






22. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






23. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






26. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






27. Albumin






28. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






29. Sodium and associated anions






30. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






31. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






32. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






33. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






34. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






35. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






36. Urinary -fecal






37. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






38. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






39. 40% body weight






40. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






41. The loss of intravascular fluid.






42. 30% body weight






43. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






44. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






45. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






46. Lateral neck skin






47. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






48. Interstitial fluid + blood






49. 6% body weight






50. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity