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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
canine plasma
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
2. Lower eyelid
traditional shock dose
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
indications for canine plasma
3. 4% body weight
complications of catheterization
dehydration
plasma volume in cats
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
4. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
ICF is small animals
complications of catheterization
types of the fluids used for maintenance
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
5. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
plasma volume in cats
effective osmoles
indications for canine plasma
skin elasticity test
6. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance water requirement
acidifying crystalloids
7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
dehydration
8. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the IO route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
indications for canine plasma
9. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
anion gap
goal of maintenance fluids
most important colloid in the blood
10. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
typical uses for IV route of administration
traditional shock dose
11. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
law of electroneutrality
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
12. 50 m;/kg/day
acidifying crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
13. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
dehydration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
14. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
bloodwork changes and dehydration
blood volume in cats
hypotonic crystalloids
15. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
categorizations of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
16. 70% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
17. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
categorizations of crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
18. Interstitial fluid + blood
maintenance for a normal adult cow
complications of catheterization
plasma volume in cats
extracellular fluid (ECF)
19. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
acidifying crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
20. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
goal of maintenance fluids
hypovolemia
complications of the SC route of administration
21. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
advantages of the IV route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
22. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
ineffective osmole
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
23. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
24. 6% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
blood volume in cats
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
25. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
canine plasma
hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
27. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
skin elasticity test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance for a normal adult cat
28. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
general properties of crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
sodium
29. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
maintenance for a normal adult cow
hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
30. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
dehydration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
31. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
categorizations of crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
hypotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
normal osmolality of body fluid
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
33. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
34. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hydration parameters for physical examone
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total osmolality
plasma volume in cats
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
36. 60% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
TBW in adults
typical uses for IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
37. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
traditional shock dose
advantages of the IO route of administration
complications of the SC route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
39. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
shock dose for hypertonic saline
categorizations of crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
40. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
anion gap
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
skin elasticity test
properties of isotonic crystalloids
41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
hypovolemia
canine plasma
Vetstarch
normal osmolality of body fluid
42. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
ineffective osmole
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
law of electroneutrality
advantages of the SC route of administration
43. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
acidifying crystalloids
total osmolality
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
44. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
shock dose for hypertonic saline
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
45. 5% body weight
acidifying crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
plasma volume in adults
signs of hypovolemia
46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
bloodwork changes and dehydration
osmolality
hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
47. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
total body water (TBW)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
potassium
48. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
extracellular fluid (ECF)
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
signs of hypovolemia
49. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
osmolality
50. 300 mosm/L
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
normal osmolality of body fluid
canine plasma
advantages of the SC route of administration