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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






2. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






3. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






4. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






5. 5% body weight






6. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






7. 70% body weight






8. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






10. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






11. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






12. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






13. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






14. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






15. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






16. 30% body weight






17. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






18. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






20. The loss of intravascular fluid.






21. 4% body weight






22. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






23. Total body water






24. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






25. 8% body weight






26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






27. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






28. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






29. 20 to 25 mmHG






30. 50 m;/kg/day






31. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






32. Lower eyelid






33. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






34. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






35. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






36. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






37. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






38. Sodium and associated anions






39. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






40. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






41. 70% body weight






42. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






43. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






44. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






45. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






47. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






48. 300 mosm/L






49. 6% body weight






50. 40% body weight