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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






2. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






4. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






5. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






8. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






10. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






11. Total body water






12. 20 to 25 mmHG






13. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






14. 60% body weight






15. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






16. 5% body weight






17. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






18. 40% body weight






19. Extracellular water + intracellular water






20. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






21. 4% body weight






22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






23. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






25. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






26. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






27. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






28. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






30. Albumin






31. 40% body weight






32. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






33. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






34. 30% body weight






35. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






36. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






37. 300 mosm/L






38. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






39. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






41. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






42. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






43. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






44. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






47. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






48. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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