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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in body weight over time.






2. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






3. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






4. Total body water






5. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






6. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






7. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






8. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






10. 70% body weight






11. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






12. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






13. Albumin






14. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






16. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






17. 70% body weight






18. 6% body weight






19. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






20. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






21. 40% body weight






22. Urinary -fecal






23. 20 to 25 mmHG






24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






25. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






26. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






27. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






28. Interstitial fluid + blood






29. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






30. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






31. 50 m;/kg/day






32. 4% body weight






33. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






34. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






35. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






36. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






37. The concentration of effective osmoles.






38. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






39. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






40. The loss of intravascular fluid.






41. Potential for transfusion reactions.






42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






43. 30% body weight






44. Lateral neck skin






45. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






46. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






48. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






49. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






50. 40 ml/kg/day