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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






2. 70% body weight






3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






4. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






5. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






6. 30% body weight






7. 5% body weight






8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






9. Total body water






10. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






11. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






12. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. Changes in body weight over time.






15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






16. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






17. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






18. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






19. Sodium and associated anions






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. Lateral neck skin






22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






23. 50 m;/kg/day






24. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






25. 40% body weight






26. 30% body weight






27. 4% body weight






28. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






29. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






30. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






31. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






32. 70% body weight






33. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






34. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






36. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






37. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






38. 40% body weight






39. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






40. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






43. The loss of intravascular fluid.






44. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






45. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






46. Albumin






47. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






48. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






49. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus