Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






3. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






4. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






5. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






6. 70% body weight






7. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






8. Lateral neck skin






9. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






10. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






11. The loss of intravascular fluid.






12. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






13. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






14. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






15. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






18. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






19. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






20. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






21. 20 to 25 mmHG






22. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






23. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






24. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






28. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






29. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






30. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






31. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






32. 300 mosm/L






33. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






34. Sodium and associated anions






35. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






36. 60% body weight






37. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






38. Changes in body weight over time.






39. The concentration of effective osmoles.






40. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






41. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






43. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






44. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






45. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






46. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






47. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






48. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






49. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






50. 30% body weight