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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






2. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






3. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






4. The loss of intravascular fluid.






5. 40 ml/kg/day






6. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






7. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






8. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






9. 70% body weight






10. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






11. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






12. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






13. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






14. 20% body weight






15. Extracellular water + intracellular water






16. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






17. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






18. 50 m;/kg/day






19. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






20. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






21. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






22. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






23. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






25. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






26. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






27. Changes in body weight over time.






28. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






29. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






32. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






34. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






35. Lateral neck skin






36. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






37. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






38. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






39. The concentration of effective osmoles.






40. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






41. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






42. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






43. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






44. 5% body weight






45. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






46. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






47. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






48. Interstitial fluid + blood






49. 30% body weight






50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time







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