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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
shock dose for hypertonic saline
law of electroneutrality
hydration parameters for physical examone
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
2. Interstitial fluid + blood
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypertonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
3. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
edema
indications for canine plasma
goals of fluid resuscitation
4. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
extracellular fluid (ECF)
adverse effects of canine plasma
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
alkalinizing crystalloids
5. 300 mosm/L
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
maintenance for a normal adult horse
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
normal osmolality of body fluid
6. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
sensible fluid losses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
primary effect of colloids
7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
ICF in large animals
properties of isotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
8. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
alkalinizing crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
9. The concentration of effective osmoles.
normal osmolality of body fluid
tonicity
normal vascular oncotic pressure
signs of hypovolemia
10. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
total body water (TBW)
canine plasma
11. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
12. 6% body weight
ineffective osmole
law of electroneutrality
blood volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult cat
13. Sodium and associated anions
interstitial fluid
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
14. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
signs of hypovolemia
normal vascular oncotic pressure
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
tonicity
15. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
indications for canine plasma
properties of isotonic crystalloids
16. 30% body weight
primary effect of colloids
blood volume in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
ECF in large animal adults
17. 70% body weight
typical uses for IO route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
blood volume in cats
alkalinizing crystalloids
18. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
total osmolality
sodium
19. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
20. Lower eyelid
primary effect of colloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
categorizations of crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
21. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
bloodwork changes and dehydration
total osmolality
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
22. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
ineffective osmole
maintenance water requirement
effective osmoles
phases of a fluid therapy plan
23. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
24. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
most important colloid in the blood
effective osmoles
categorizations of crystalloids
complications of catheterization
25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
indications for canine plasma
traditional shock dose
ICF in large animals
26. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
indications for canine plasma
ineffective osmole
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
27. 40% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
properties of isotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
28. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
Vetstarch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
sodium
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
29. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
sodium
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
hypertonic crystalloids
30. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
ICF is small animals
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
31. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
maintenance for a normal adult cat
mucous membrane moistness
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
potassium
32. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
indications for canine plasma
hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
33. Changes in body weight over time.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
34. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
35. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
maintenance for a normal adult dog
advantages of the IV route of administration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
categorizations of crystalloids
36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
plasma volume in cats
complications of the SC route of administration
37. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
advantages of the IO route of administration
38. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
most important colloid in the blood
blood volume in cats
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
39. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
phases of a fluid therapy plan
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
ECF in large animal adults
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
40. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
41. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
canine plasma
sodium
shock does for hetastarch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
42. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
ICF in large animals
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
43. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
44. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
Vetstarch
45. 20 to 25 mmHG
advantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
normal vascular oncotic pressure
46. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
ICF is small animals
shock does for hetastarch
47. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
48. 60% body weight
dehydration
TBW in adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
49. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
normal osmolality of body fluid
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
50. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
shock does for hetastarch
maintenance for a normal adult dog
blood volume in adults