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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






2. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






3. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






4. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






5. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






6. Albumin






7. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






8. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






9. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






10. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






11. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






12. 6% body weight






13. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






14. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






15. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






16. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






17. 8% body weight






18. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






19. 20 to 25 mmHG






20. 300 mosm/L






21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






22. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






23. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






24. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






25. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






26. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






27. Total body water






28. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






29. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. 30% body weight






32. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






33. 70% body weight






34. Changes in body weight over time.






35. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






36. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






37. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






38. Lateral neck skin






39. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






40. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






42. The loss of intravascular fluid.






43. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






44. Interstitial fluid + blood






45. 40% body weight






46. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






47. The concentration of effective osmoles.






48. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






49. Sodium and associated anions






50. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.







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