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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






2. 50 m;/kg/day






3. Potential for transfusion reactions.






4. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






5. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






6. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






7. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






8. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






10. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






11. The loss of intravascular fluid.






12. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






15. Urinary -fecal






16. 6% body weight






17. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






18. 5% body weight






19. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






20. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






21. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






22. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






23. Extracellular water + intracellular water






24. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






25. 300 mosm/L






26. 4% body weight






27. 8% body weight






28. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






29. 60% body weight






30. 40 ml/kg/day






31. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






32. Lateral neck skin






33. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






34. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






36. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






37. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






38. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






39. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






41. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






42. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






43. Total body water






44. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






45. 20 to 25 mmHG






46. Albumin






47. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






48. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






49. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






50. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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