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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






2. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






3. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






4. Lateral neck skin






5. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






6. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






8. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






9. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






10. 50 m;/kg/day






11. 300 mosm/L






12. 70% body weight






13. 30% body weight






14. Potential for transfusion reactions.






15. 70% body weight






16. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






17. Sodium and associated anions






18. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






19. Urinary -fecal






20. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






21. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






22. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






23. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






24. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






25. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






26. 20 to 25 mmHG






27. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






28. The concentration of effective osmoles.






29. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






30. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






31. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






32. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






33. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






35. 40 ml/kg/day






36. 8% body weight






37. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






38. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






39. 20% body weight






40. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






41. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






42. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






43. 40% body weight






44. Lower eyelid






45. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






46. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






47. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






48. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






49. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






50. Extracellular water + intracellular water







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