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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance water requirement
goals of fluid resuscitation
maintenance for a normal adult horse
types of the fluids used for maintenance
2. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
iso-omolality of the body
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ICF in large animals
interstitial fluid
3. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
shock dose for hypertonic saline
potassium
mucous membrane moistness
complications of the SC route of administration
4. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
maintenance for a normal adult dog
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
normal osmolality of body fluid
blood volume in adults
6. Lateral neck skin
hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
law of electroneutrality
properties of isotonic crystalloids
7. 30% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ICF in large animals
effective osmoles
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
general properties of crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
typical uses for IO route of administration
9. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
iso-omolality of the body
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ineffective osmole
10. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
11. 40% body weight
advantages of the SC route of administration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the IO route of administration
12. 300 mosm/L
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
normal osmolality of body fluid
general properties of crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
13. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
14. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
categorizations of crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
15. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
iso-omolality of the body
osmolality
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
16. Extracellular water + intracellular water
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
total body water (TBW)
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
17. Urinary -fecal
insensible losses
sensible fluid losses
goal of maintenance fluids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
18. The concentration of effective osmoles.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
total body water (TBW)
blood volume in cats
tonicity
19. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
sodium
20. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
21. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult horse
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
total osmolality
22. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
canine plasma
indications for canine plasma
ineffective osmole
23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
complications of catheterization
insensible losses
typical uses for IV route of administration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
24. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult dog
Vetstarch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
25. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
26. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
total osmolality
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
complications of the SC route of administration
27. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
anion gap
hydroxyethyl starch
goals of fluid resuscitation
Vetstarch
28. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
effective osmoles
edema
hydroxyethyl starch
29. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
law of electroneutrality
dehydration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
30. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
31. 4% body weight
primary effect of colloids
canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
advantages of the IO route of administration
32. 20 to 25 mmHG
hypovolemia
maintenance water requirement
goals of fluid resuscitation
normal vascular oncotic pressure
33. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
advantages of the IO route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
34. 5% body weight
advantages of the IV route of administration
plasma volume in adults
maintenance water requirement
edema
35. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
insensible losses
ICF in large animals
ECF in small animal adults
36. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
indications for canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult horse
complications of the SC route of administration
37. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
TBW in adults
mucous membrane moistness
adverse effects of canine plasma
38. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
acidifying crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
signs of hypovolemia
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
40. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
edema
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
TBW in adults
42. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
signs of hypovolemia
shock dose for hypertonic saline
tonicity
43. Interstitial fluid + blood
hydration parameters for physical examone
alkalinizing crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
potassium
45. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
effective osmoles
mucous membrane moistness
46. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
signs of hypovolemia
skin elasticity test
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
total body water (TBW)
47. 8% body weight
advantages of the IO route of administration
blood volume in adults
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
49. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
TBW in adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
50. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
blood volume in cats
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
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