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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
typical uses for IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
2. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
total body water (TBW)
potassium
complications of the SC route of administration
3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in cats
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
advantages of the IV route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
5. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
general properties of crystalloids
edema
signs of hypovolemia
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
6. 40% body weight
iso-omolality of the body
normal vascular oncotic pressure
ICF is small animals
typical uses for IV route of administration
7. Sodium and associated anions
sensible fluid losses
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
adverse effects of canine plasma
complications of the SC route of administration
8. 300 mosm/L
edema
normal osmolality of body fluid
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
total body water (TBW)
9. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
potassium
bloodwork changes and dehydration
advantages of the IO route of administration
10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
skin elasticity test
typical uses for IO route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
11. 50 m;/kg/day
hydroxyethyl starch
normal osmolality of body fluid
maintenance for a normal adult cow
complications of the SC route of administration
12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
complications of the SC route of administration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
typical uses for IV route of administration
13. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
typical uses for IV route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cat
14. Interstitial fluid + blood
general properties of crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
plasma volume in adults
interstitial fluid
15. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
16. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
iso-omolality of the body
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
mucous membrane moistness
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
17. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
edema
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
18. 4% body weight
acidifying crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
plasma volume in cats
indications for canine plasma
19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
maintenance water requirement
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
effective osmoles
20. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
acidifying crystalloids
osmolality
bloodwork changes and dehydration
complications of catheterization
21. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
22. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
traditional shock dose
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
skin elasticity test
23. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
TBW in adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
24. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
canine plasma
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydration parameters for physical examone
phases of a fluid therapy plan
25. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
anion gap
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
dehydration
TBW in adults
26. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
27. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
total osmolality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
plasma volume in cats
28. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
acidifying crystalloids
effective osmoles
29. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
anion gap
traditional shock dose
30. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
goals of fluid resuscitation
advantages of the IV route of administration
31. Total body water
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
general properties of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
32. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
edema
canine plasma
hydration parameters for physical examone
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
33. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
hypovolemia
blood volume in cats
bloodwork changes and dehydration
plasma volume in cats
34. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
skin elasticity test
effective osmoles
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids
35. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
ICF is small animals
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
canine plasma
maintenance water requirement
36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
shock does for hetastarch
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
edema
37. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
blood volume in adults
insensible losses
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
normal osmolality of body fluid
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
anion gap
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
39. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
potassium
tonicity
normal osmolality of body fluid
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
adverse effects of canine plasma
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
41. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
hypovolemia
indications for canine plasma
advantages of the SC route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
42. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
anion gap
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
hydration parameters for physical examone
canine plasma
anion gap
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
44. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
osmolality
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
45. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
ICF is small animals
anion gap
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
dehydration
46. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
47. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
48. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
ineffective osmole
tonicity
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
49. 8% body weight
properties of isotonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
primary effect of colloids
50. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
hypovolemia
hydration parameters for physical examone