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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






2. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






3. The concentration of effective osmoles.






4. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






5. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






6. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






7. 70% body weight






8. 8% body weight






9. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






10. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






11. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






12. The loss of intravascular fluid.






13. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






14. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






15. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






16. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






17. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






19. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






20. 4% body weight






21. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






23. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






24. Lateral neck skin






25. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






26. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






27. 6% body weight






28. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






29. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






32. Changes in body weight over time.






33. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






34. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






35. 5% body weight






36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






38. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






39. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






40. Sodium and associated anions






41. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






42. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






43. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






44. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






46. 50 m;/kg/day






47. Albumin






48. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






49. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






50. 20 to 25 mmHG