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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






2. Albumin






3. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






4. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






5. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






6. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






7. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






8. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






9. Extracellular water + intracellular water






10. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






11. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






12. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






13. 20 to 25 mmHG






14. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






15. Lateral neck skin






16. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






17. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






18. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






19. 8% body weight






20. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






21. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






22. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






23. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






24. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






25. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






26. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






27. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






28. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






30. 70% body weight






31. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






32. 4% body weight






33. 70% body weight






34. 6% body weight






35. Changes in body weight over time.






36. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






37. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






38. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






39. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






40. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






41. The concentration of effective osmoles.






42. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






43. Potential for transfusion reactions.






44. Urinary -fecal






45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






47. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






48. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






49. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






50. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity