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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in body weight over time.






2. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






3. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






4. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






5. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






6. 40% body weight






7. 4% body weight






8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






9. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






10. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






11. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






12. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






13. 20 to 25 mmHG






14. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






15. Lateral neck skin






16. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






17. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






18. 40% body weight






19. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






20. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






22. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






23. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






24. 40 ml/kg/day






25. The concentration of effective osmoles.






26. 20% body weight






27. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






28. Sodium and associated anions






29. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






30. 30% body weight






31. 50 m;/kg/day






32. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






33. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






34. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






35. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






36. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






37. Albumin






38. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






39. Total body water






40. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






41. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






42. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






43. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Interstitial fluid + blood






45. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






46. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






47. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






48. 70% body weight






49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






50. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism