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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






2. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






4. Lower eyelid






5. 30% body weight






6. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






7. 50 m;/kg/day






8. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






9. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






10. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






11. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






12. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






13. 60% body weight






14. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






15. Urinary -fecal






16. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






18. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






19. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






20. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






21. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






22. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






23. Sodium and associated anions






24. 70% body weight






25. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






26. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






27. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






29. 5% body weight






30. 40 ml/kg/day






31. Lateral neck skin






32. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






33. 30% body weight






34. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






35. 70% body weight






36. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






37. 4% body weight






38. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






39. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






40. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






41. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. Interstitial fluid + blood






44. 20 to 25 mmHG






45. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






46. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






47. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






48. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






50. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.