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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
dehydration
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
2. 6% body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
blood volume in cats
most important colloid in the blood
types of the fluids used for maintenance
3. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
TBW in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
general properties of crystalloids
4. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
extracellular fluid (ECF)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the IV route of administration
5. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
6. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
sensible fluid losses
interstitial fluid
effective osmoles
7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
8. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult cow
bloodwork changes and dehydration
9. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
categorizations of crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
10. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
ICF in large animals
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
11. 60% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch
normal osmolality of body fluid
TBW in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
12. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
effective osmoles
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
edema
13. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
sensible fluid losses
categorizations of crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
ECF in small animal adults
14. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
mucous membrane moistness
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
15. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
goal of maintenance fluids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
Vetstarch
advantages of the IO route of administration
16. 40% body weight
most important colloid in the blood
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
17. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
Vetstarch
blood volume in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
18. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
Vetstarch
insensible losses
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
19. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
maintenance water requirement
plasma volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult dog
sodium
20. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
maintenance for a normal adult dog
osmolality
indications for canine plasma
dehydration
21. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
blood volume in cats
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
anion gap
categorizations of crystalloids
22. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
traditional shock dose
extracellular fluid (ECF)
typical uses for IO route of administration
23. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
mucous membrane moistness
goals of fluid resuscitation
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
ECF in small animal adults
tonicity
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of isotonic crystalloids
25. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
26. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
sodium
phases of a fluid therapy plan
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
sodium
most important colloid in the blood
interstitial fluid
tonicity
28. 8% body weight
sensible fluid losses
hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
TBW in adults
29. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
30. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
ineffective osmole
complications of catheterization
properties of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
31. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
types of the fluids used for maintenance
32. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypovolemia
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
total osmolality
33. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
osmolality
canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
34. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
goals of fluid resuscitation
canine plasma
categorizations of crystalloids
complications of catheterization
35. Albumin
hypotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
most important colloid in the blood
36. 30% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ICF in large animals
edema
blood volume in cats
37. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
maintenance for a normal adult cat
sensible fluid losses
complications of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
38. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
39. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
sensible fluid losses
40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
ICF in large animals
hydration parameters for physical examone
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
41. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
sodium
42. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
general properties of crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
43. Total body water
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
44. 300 mosm/L
advantages of the SC route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
ineffective osmole
general properties of crystalloids
45. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
skin elasticity test
46. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
47. The concentration of effective osmoles.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
sensible fluid losses
tonicity
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
48. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
total body water (TBW)
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
49. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
interstitial fluid
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
normal osmolality of body fluid
insensible losses
50. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
normal osmolality of body fluid
categorizations of crystalloids