SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 60% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
TBW in adults
iso-omolality of the body
2. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
acidifying crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
hypertonic crystalloids
3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
sodium
4. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
bloodwork changes and dehydration
mucous membrane moistness
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
5. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
Vetstarch
potassium
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ECF in large animal adults
7. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
ICF in large animals
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
total osmolality
8. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
maintenance for a normal adult horse
blood volume in adults
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance water requirement
bloodwork changes and dehydration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
normal vascular oncotic pressure
10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
normal osmolality of body fluid
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
11. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
adverse effects of canine plasma
indications for canine plasma
general properties of crystalloids
osmolality
12. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
plasma volume in adults
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
insensible losses
13. Sodium and associated anions
alkalinizing crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
14. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
total osmolality
15. Extracellular water + intracellular water
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
phases of a fluid therapy plan
16. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
anion gap
normal vascular oncotic pressure
17. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
normal osmolality of body fluid
most important colloid in the blood
18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
advantages of the IO route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
19. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
acidifying crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
20. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
signs of hypovolemia
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
sodium
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
21. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
hypovolemia
22. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
maintenance for a normal adult cat
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
23. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
goals of fluid resuscitation
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IV route of administration
plasma volume in adults
24. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
canine plasma
hydroxyethyl starch
phases of a fluid therapy plan
25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
typical uses for IO route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
indications for canine plasma
skin elasticity test
26. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
maintenance for a normal adult cow
extracellular fluid (ECF)
27. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
alkalinizing crystalloids
insensible losses
tonicity
28. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult horse
29. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
phases of a fluid therapy plan
advantages of the IO route of administration
complications of catheterization
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
30. Interstitial fluid + blood
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ECF in small animal adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
31. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance water requirement
bloodwork changes and dehydration
sodium
32. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance water requirement
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
33. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
ECF in large animal adults
34. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
goals of fluid resuscitation
osmolality
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
35. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
shock does for hetastarch
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance water requirement
iso-omolality of the body
edema
37. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
plasma volume in cats
signs of hypovolemia
38. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
dehydration
osmolality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
general properties of crystalloids
39. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
mucous membrane moistness
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
40. Albumin
normal vascular oncotic pressure
phases of a fluid therapy plan
iso-omolality of the body
most important colloid in the blood
41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
42. 4% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
signs of hypovolemia
law of electroneutrality
plasma volume in cats
43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
blood volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
anion gap
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
44. 30% body weight
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
ICF in large animals
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
45. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
46. 30% body weight
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ECF in large animal adults
sodium
acidifying crystalloids
47. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
types of the fluids used for maintenance
law of electroneutrality
ICF is small animals
sodium
48. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
shock does for hetastarch
complications of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
49. 20% body weight
ICF in large animals
ECF in small animal adults
shock does for hetastarch
total body water (TBW)
50. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
hydration parameters for physical examone
anion gap
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
iso-omolality of the body