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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






2. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






4. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






6. The concentration of effective osmoles.






7. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






8. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






9. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






10. 30% body weight






11. Lateral neck skin






12. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






13. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






15. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






16. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






17. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






18. 40% body weight






19. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






20. Total body water






21. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






22. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






23. 4% body weight






24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






26. Lower eyelid






27. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






28. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






29. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






30. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






31. 300 mosm/L






32. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






33. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






34. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






35. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






36. 40 ml/kg/day






37. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






38. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






39. 70% body weight






40. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






42. Interstitial fluid + blood






43. Extracellular water + intracellular water






44. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






45. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






46. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






47. 60% body weight






48. Potential for transfusion reactions.






49. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






50. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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