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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






3. Lower eyelid






4. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






5. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






6. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






7. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






8. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






9. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






10. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






11. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






12. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






13. 6% body weight






14. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






15. 300 mosm/L






16. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






17. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






18. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






19. 20 to 25 mmHG






20. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






21. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






22. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






23. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






24. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






25. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






26. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






27. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






28. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






29. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






30. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






32. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






33. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






34. 4% body weight






35. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






36. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






37. 8% body weight






38. Urinary -fecal






39. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






40. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






41. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






42. Albumin






43. The concentration of effective osmoles.






44. Interstitial fluid + blood






45. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






46. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






47. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






48. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






49. 30% body weight






50. 70% body weight