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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 60% body weight






2. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






3. 40% body weight






4. 50 m;/kg/day






5. 4% body weight






6. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






8. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






9. 6% body weight






10. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






11. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






12. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






13. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






14. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






15. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






16. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






17. 40 ml/kg/day






18. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






19. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






20. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






21. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






22. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






23. Total body water






24. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






25. Potential for transfusion reactions.






26. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






27. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






28. Sodium and associated anions






29. The loss of intravascular fluid.






30. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






31. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






32. 8% body weight






33. 20% body weight






34. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






35. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






37. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






38. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






39. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






40. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






41. 40% body weight






42. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






43. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






44. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






45. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






46. Lower eyelid






47. Lateral neck skin






48. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






50. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion