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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 70% body weight






2. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






3. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






4. 300 mosm/L






5. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






6. Changes in body weight over time.






7. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






8. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






9. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






10. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






11. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






12. Albumin






13. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






14. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






15. 40% body weight






16. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






17. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






18. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






19. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






20. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






21. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






23. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






24. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






25. 40 ml/kg/day






26. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






27. Lower eyelid






28. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






30. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






32. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






33. Extracellular water + intracellular water






34. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






35. 30% body weight






36. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






37. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






38. Urinary -fecal






39. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






40. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






41. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






42. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






43. 4% body weight






44. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






45. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






46. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






47. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






48. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






49. 30% body weight






50. 50 m;/kg/day