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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






2. 4% body weight






3. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






4. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






6. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






7. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






8. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






10. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






11. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






12. The concentration of effective osmoles.






13. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






14. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






15. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






16. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






17. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






18. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






19. 8% body weight






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






22. 30% body weight






23. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






26. 300 mosm/L






27. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






28. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






29. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






30. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






31. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






32. 5% body weight






33. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






34. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






35. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






36. Potential for transfusion reactions.






37. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






38. 20% body weight






39. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






40. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






41. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






42. Albumin






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






46. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






47. Sodium and associated anions






48. 60% body weight






49. The loss of intravascular fluid.






50. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity