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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






3. Urinary -fecal






4. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






5. 30% body weight






6. Extracellular water + intracellular water






7. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






8. 6% body weight






9. Sodium and associated anions






10. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






11. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






12. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






13. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






15. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






16. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






17. 50 m;/kg/day






18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






19. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






20. Changes in body weight over time.






21. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






23. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






24. The loss of intravascular fluid.






25. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






26. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






27. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






28. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






29. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






31. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






32. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






33. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






34. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






35. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






37. 8% body weight






38. 20% body weight






39. Albumin






40. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






42. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






43. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






44. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






45. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






46. Interstitial fluid + blood






47. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






48. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






49. 30% body weight






50. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.