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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






2. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






3. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






4. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






5. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






6. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






8. 20 to 25 mmHG






9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






10. 40% body weight






11. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






12. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






13. 5% body weight






14. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






15. Potential for transfusion reactions.






16. 20% body weight






17. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






19. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






20. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






21. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






22. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






25. Urinary -fecal






26. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






27. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






28. Lower eyelid






29. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






31. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






32. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






33. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






34. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






36. 40% body weight






37. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






38. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






39. Extracellular water + intracellular water






40. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






41. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






42. 4% body weight






43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






44. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






45. 40 ml/kg/day






46. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






47. The concentration of effective osmoles.






48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






49. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






50. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.