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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






2. Lateral neck skin






3. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






4. The concentration of effective osmoles.






5. 20% body weight






6. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






7. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






8. 4% body weight






9. The loss of intravascular fluid.






10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






12. 40% body weight






13. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






14. Total body water






15. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






16. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






17. 40 ml/kg/day






18. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






19. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






20. 30% body weight






21. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






22. 70% body weight






23. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






24. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






25. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






28. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






29. Extracellular water + intracellular water






30. Urinary -fecal






31. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






32. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






33. 6% body weight






34. 30% body weight






35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






37. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






38. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






39. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






40. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






42. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






44. 300 mosm/L






45. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






46. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






47. 60% body weight






48. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






49. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






50. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.