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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






2. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






3. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






4. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






5. 4% body weight






6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






7. Extracellular water + intracellular water






8. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






9. 40 ml/kg/day






10. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






11. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






12. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






15. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






16. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






17. Changes in body weight over time.






18. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






19. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






22. The loss of intravascular fluid.






23. 30% body weight






24. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






25. 40% body weight






26. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






27. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






28. 70% body weight






29. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






30. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






31. 40% body weight






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






35. 5% body weight






36. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






37. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






38. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






39. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






40. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






41. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






42. Lateral neck skin






43. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






44. 70% body weight






45. 6% body weight






46. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






47. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






48. Total body water






49. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






50. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.