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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin






2. The loss of intravascular fluid.






3. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






4. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






5. 30% body weight






6. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






7. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






8. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






9. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






10. 70% body weight






11. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






12. Total body water






13. 300 mosm/L






14. 40% body weight






15. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






16. 6% body weight






17. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






19. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






20. 40 ml/kg/day






21. 70% body weight






22. Interstitial fluid + blood






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






25. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






26. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






27. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






28. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






29. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






30. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






31. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






32. Urinary -fecal






33. Extracellular water + intracellular water






34. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






35. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






36. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






37. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






38. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






39. Potential for transfusion reactions.






40. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






42. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






43. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






44. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






45. 50 m;/kg/day






46. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






47. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






48. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






49. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






50. 5% body weight