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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






2. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






3. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






4. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






5. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






6. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






7. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






8. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






9. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






10. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






11. 70% body weight






12. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






13. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






14. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






15. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






16. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






17. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






18. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






19. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






20. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






22. Changes in body weight over time.






23. 40 ml/kg/day






24. 40% body weight






25. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






26. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






27. 20% body weight






28. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






29. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






30. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






31. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






32. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






33. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






34. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






35. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






36. 30% body weight






37. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






38. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






39. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






40. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






41. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






42. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Albumin






45. The loss of intravascular fluid.






46. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






47. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






48. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






49. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






50. 70% body weight