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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






2. Albumin






3. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






5. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






7. Total body water






8. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






9. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






10. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






11. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






13. The concentration of effective osmoles.






14. 40% body weight






15. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






16. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






17. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






18. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






19. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






20. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






23. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






26. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






27. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






28. 300 mosm/L






29. Lower eyelid






30. 8% body weight






31. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






32. 5% body weight






33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






34. Lateral neck skin






35. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






36. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






37. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






38. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






39. 30% body weight






40. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






42. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






43. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






45. 70% body weight






46. 70% body weight






47. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






48. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






49. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury