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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
traditional shock dose
typical uses for IV route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
2. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
skin elasticity test
3. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
4. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
plasma volume in cats
5. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch
6. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
sensible fluid losses
7. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
8. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
primary effect of colloids
skin elasticity test
law of electroneutrality
9. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
traditional shock dose
most important colloid in the blood
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
10. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
interstitial fluid
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
tonicity
11. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
indications for canine plasma
most important colloid in the blood
12. Interstitial fluid + blood
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
iso-omolality of the body
extracellular fluid (ECF)
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
13. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
potassium
shock does for hetastarch
Vetstarch
14. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
typical uses for IV route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
adverse effects of canine plasma
alkalinizing crystalloids
15. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
most important colloid in the blood
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
goals of fluid resuscitation
16. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
blood volume in adults
ECF in large animal adults
typical uses for IV route of administration
17. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
18. 40% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ICF is small animals
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
19. 8% body weight
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
plasma volume in cats
blood volume in adults
adverse effects of canine plasma
20. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
phases of a fluid therapy plan
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance water requirement
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
21. 20% body weight
indications for canine plasma
sensible fluid losses
ECF in small animal adults
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
22. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
extracellular fluid (ECF)
advantages of the SC route of administration
edema
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
23. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
blood volume in adults
maintenance water requirement
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
iso-omolality of the body
24. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
categorizations of crystalloids
canine plasma
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
26. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
plasma volume in adults
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
27. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
signs of hypovolemia
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
edema
28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
TBW in adults
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
shock does for hetastarch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
29. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
dehydration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
advantages of the IO route of administration
30. Lower eyelid
hypotonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
advantages of the IV route of administration
31. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
ICF is small animals
traditional shock dose
anion gap
32. 20 to 25 mmHG
iso-omolality of the body
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
33. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
hypotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
total body water (TBW)
34. 60% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult cow
TBW in adults
categorizations of crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
35. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
dehydration
traditional shock dose
36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
interstitial fluid
law of electroneutrality
37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
bloodwork changes and dehydration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
canine plasma
38. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
law of electroneutrality
typical uses for IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
39. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
tonicity
hypovolemia
hypertonic crystalloids
40. The loss of intravascular fluid.
most important colloid in the blood
indications for canine plasma
goals of fluid resuscitation
hypovolemia
41. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
goals of fluid resuscitation
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult cow
43. Albumin
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
ECF in large animal adults
most important colloid in the blood
complications of the SC route of administration
44. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult cat
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
primary effect of colloids
45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
goal of maintenance fluids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
46. Urinary -fecal
hypotonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
sensible fluid losses
general properties of crystalloids
47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
signs of hypovolemia
goals of fluid resuscitation
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
48. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
sensible fluid losses
signs of hypovolemia
49. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
hydroxyethyl starch
categorizations of crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
50. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
dehydration
plasma volume in adults
osmolality
plasma volume in cats