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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
complications of catheterization
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
advantages of the IV route of administration
canine plasma
2. 5% body weight
hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
acidifying crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
3. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
ECF in small animal adults
normal vascular oncotic pressure
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance water requirement
4. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
types of the fluids used for maintenance
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
5. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
tonicity
sodium
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
6. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
Vetstarch
dehydration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
8. 60% body weight
edema
TBW in adults
interstitial fluid
mucous membrane moistness
9. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
most important colloid in the blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
advantages of the SC route of administration
10. 30% body weight
hypovolemia
ICF in large animals
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
11. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
goals of fluid resuscitation
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
12. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
13. Lateral neck skin
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hypovolemia
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
14. 4% body weight
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
complications of catheterization
plasma volume in cats
properties of isotonic crystalloids
15. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
advantages of the IV route of administration
ineffective osmole
law of electroneutrality
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
16. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
edema
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
17. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
mucous membrane moistness
insensible losses
advantages of the SC route of administration
effective osmoles
18. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
shock dose for hypertonic saline
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
acidifying crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
19. 50 m;/kg/day
most important colloid in the blood
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
plasma volume in adults
maintenance for a normal adult cow
20. Extracellular water + intracellular water
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
potassium
acidifying crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
21. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ECF in small animal adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
22. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
shock dose for hypertonic saline
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
total body water (TBW)
23. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
dehydration
sodium
maintenance for a normal adult dog
effective osmoles
24. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
25. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
types of the fluids used for maintenance
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
acidifying crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
26. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
effective osmoles
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
osmolality
27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
interstitial fluid
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
28. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
normal osmolality of body fluid
ICF is small animals
TBW in adults
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
shock dose for hypertonic saline
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
goals of fluid resuscitation
advantages of the IO route of administration
30. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
edema
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
skin elasticity test
31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
osmolality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
advantages of the IV route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
32. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
iso-omolality of the body
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
34. Sodium and associated anions
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
canine plasma
dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
35. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
complications of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
36. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal osmolality of body fluid
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
skin elasticity test
normal vascular oncotic pressure
37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
sodium
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
categorizations of crystalloids
38. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
maintenance for a normal adult dog
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
blood volume in adults
edema
plasma volume in adults
40. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
plasma volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
traditional shock dose
ICF in large animals
Vetstarch
ECF in small animal adults
42. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
osmolality
law of electroneutrality
43. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of isotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
44. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
categorizations of crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
ICF in large animals
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
45. The concentration of effective osmoles.
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
tonicity
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
46. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hypovolemia
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
47. 6% body weight
types of the fluids used for maintenance
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
advantages of the IO route of administration
blood volume in cats
48. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
indications for canine plasma
types of the fluids used for maintenance
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
49. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
goals of fluid resuscitation
indications for canine plasma
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
50. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
plasma volume in cats
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age