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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






2. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






3. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






4. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






5. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. 40% body weight






8. Total body water






9. 20 to 25 mmHG






10. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






11. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






12. 60% body weight






13. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






14. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






15. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






16. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






17. 8% body weight






18. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






19. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






21. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






22. Interstitial fluid + blood






23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






24. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






25. Albumin






26. 5% body weight






27. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






28. Lower eyelid






29. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






30. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






32. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






33. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






34. Potential for transfusion reactions.






35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






36. Changes in body weight over time.






37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






38. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






39. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






40. Sodium and associated anions






41. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






42. 40% body weight






43. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






44. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






45. Lateral neck skin






46. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






47. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






48. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






50. 70% body weight