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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






2. The loss of intravascular fluid.






3. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






4. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






5. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






6. 70% body weight






7. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






8. 6% body weight






9. 30% body weight






10. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






11. Total body water






12. 300 mosm/L






13. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






14. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






15. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






17. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






19. Sodium and associated anions






20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






21. 40% body weight






22. 4% body weight






23. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






24. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






25. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






26. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






27. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






28. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






29. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






30. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






31. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






32. Albumin






33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






34. 8% body weight






35. The concentration of effective osmoles.






36. 50 m;/kg/day






37. 5% body weight






38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






39. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






40. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






41. Extracellular water + intracellular water






42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






43. 40 ml/kg/day






44. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






46. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






47. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






48. Lateral neck skin






49. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






50. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given