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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






2. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






3. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






4. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






5. The loss of intravascular fluid.






6. 70% body weight






7. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






8. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






9. Urinary -fecal






10. 40% body weight






11. Lower eyelid






12. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






13. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






14. 5% body weight






15. 60% body weight






16. 40% body weight






17. 8% body weight






18. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






19. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






20. 6% body weight






21. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






22. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






23. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






24. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






25. Lateral neck skin






26. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






27. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






28. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






29. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






30. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






31. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






32. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






33. 30% body weight






34. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






35. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






36. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






37. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






38. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






39. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






40. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






41. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






42. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






43. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






44. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






45. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






46. Interstitial fluid + blood






47. Sodium and associated anions






48. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






49. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






50. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.