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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






2. 40% body weight






3. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






4. 6% body weight






5. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






6. Potential for transfusion reactions.






7. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






8. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






9. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






10. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






11. 30% body weight






12. Interstitial fluid + blood






13. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






14. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






15. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






16. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






17. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






18. 40% body weight






19. 8% body weight






20. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






21. 20% body weight






22. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






23. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






24. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






26. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






27. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






30. Lower eyelid






31. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






32. 20 to 25 mmHG






33. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






34. 60% body weight






35. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






37. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






38. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






39. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






40. The loss of intravascular fluid.






41. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






43. Albumin






44. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






46. Urinary -fecal






47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






48. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






49. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






50. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion