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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40 ml/kg/day






2. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






3. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






4. The loss of intravascular fluid.






5. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






6. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






7. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






8. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






9. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






10. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






11. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






12. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






13. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






14. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






15. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






16. 40% body weight






17. Lateral neck skin






18. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






19. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






20. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






21. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






22. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






23. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






25. 70% body weight






26. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






27. 70% body weight






28. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






29. Potential for transfusion reactions.






30. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






31. Extracellular water + intracellular water






32. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






33. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






34. 40% body weight






35. 60% body weight






36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






37. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






38. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






39. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






40. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






41. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






42. 20 to 25 mmHG






43. 30% body weight






44. 30% body weight






45. 20% body weight






46. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






47. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






48. 6% body weight






49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






50. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.