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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight






2. 40% body weight






3. 50 m;/kg/day






4. 60% body weight






5. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






6. 30% body weight






7. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






8. Extracellular water + intracellular water






9. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






10. 6% body weight






11. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






12. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






13. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






14. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






15. 70% body weight






16. Urinary -fecal






17. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






18. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






19. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






20. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






21. 40% body weight






22. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






23. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






24. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






25. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






26. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






27. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






28. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






29. 30% body weight






30. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






32. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






33. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






35. Sodium and associated anions






36. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






37. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






38. 4% body weight






39. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






40. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






41. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






42. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






43. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






44. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






45. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






46. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






47. Changes in body weight over time.






48. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






49. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






50. Lower eyelid