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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






2. 70% body weight






3. Potential for transfusion reactions.






4. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






5. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






6. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






7. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






8. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






9. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






10. 6% body weight






11. Changes in body weight over time.






12. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






13. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






14. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






15. 50 m;/kg/day






16. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






17. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






18. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






19. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






22. 60% body weight






23. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






25. 5% body weight






26. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






27. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






28. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






29. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






30. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






31. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. Interstitial fluid + blood






34. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






35. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






36. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






37. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






38. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






39. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






40. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






42. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






43. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






44. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






45. Sodium and associated anions






46. Albumin






47. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






48. The loss of intravascular fluid.






49. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






50. 40% body weight