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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






2. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






3. The concentration of effective osmoles.






4. 30% body weight






5. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






6. Lateral neck skin






7. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






8. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






9. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






10. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






11. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






12. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






13. 20 to 25 mmHG






14. Potential for transfusion reactions.






15. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






16. 60% body weight






17. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






18. 20% body weight






19. Interstitial fluid + blood






20. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






21. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






22. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






23. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






24. Changes in body weight over time.






25. Total body water






26. 70% body weight






27. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






28. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






29. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






30. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






31. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






32. Lower eyelid






33. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






34. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






35. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






37. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






38. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






39. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






40. 40% body weight






41. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






42. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






43. 30% body weight






44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






45. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






47. 4% body weight






48. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






49. 40% body weight






50. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.







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