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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20 to 25 mmHG
hydration parameters for physical examone
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hydroxyethyl starch
goals of fluid resuscitation
2. 40 ml/kg/day
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
anion gap
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
3. 60% body weight
general properties of crystalloids
blood volume in adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
4. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
traditional shock dose
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
sodium
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
5. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
6. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
7. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
advantages of the IV route of administration
acidifying crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
8. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
maintenance for a normal adult cat
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
insensible losses
maintenance water requirement
9. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmolality
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
10. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
advantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
11. 50 m;/kg/day
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult cow
Vetstarch
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
12. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
categorizations of crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
13. 30% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult dog
14. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
categorizations of crystalloids
traditional shock dose
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
15. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
mucous membrane moistness
extracellular fluid (ECF)
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
interstitial fluid
anion gap
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
17. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
normal vascular oncotic pressure
extracellular fluid (ECF)
18. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
ineffective osmole
advantages of the IO route of administration
19. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
dehydration
tonicity
mucous membrane moistness
total osmolality
20. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
bloodwork changes and dehydration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
Vetstarch
21. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
iso-omolality of the body
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
22. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
hydroxyethyl starch
potassium
23. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
ECF in large animal adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
categorizations of crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
24. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
insensible losses
25. 30% body weight
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hydration parameters for physical examone
ICF in large animals
26. 40% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
complications of the SC route of administration
ICF is small animals
total body water (TBW)
27. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
iso-omolality of the body
28. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
bloodwork changes and dehydration
ICF in large animals
29. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
anion gap
tonicity
advantages of the IV route of administration
30. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
complications of catheterization
31. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
complications of the SC route of administration
tonicity
total body water (TBW)
hypertonic crystalloids
32. 300 mosm/L
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
plasma volume in cats
normal osmolality of body fluid
hypotonic crystalloids
33. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
blood volume in adults
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
34. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
ICF is small animals
complications of the SC route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
35. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
alkalinizing crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
36. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
skin elasticity test
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
traditional shock dose
hypotonic crystalloids
37. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total body water (TBW)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
typical uses for IO route of administration
38. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
canine plasma
blood volume in cats
osmolality
shock does for hetastarch
39. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
tonicity
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
40. Lower eyelid
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
potassium
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
42. 6% body weight
total osmolality
canine plasma
blood volume in cats
indications for canine plasma
43. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
effective osmoles
blood volume in cats
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
shock does for hetastarch
44. Albumin
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
45. 8% body weight
osmolality
ICF is small animals
bloodwork changes and dehydration
blood volume in adults
46. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
law of electroneutrality
adverse effects of canine plasma
47. 4% body weight
acidifying crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
canine plasma
shock dose for hypertonic saline
48. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
49. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
tonicity
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
50. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
extracellular fluid (ECF)