Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Total body water






2. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






3. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






4. Sodium and associated anions






5. Extracellular water + intracellular water






6. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






7. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






8. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






10. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






11. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






12. Changes in body weight over time.






13. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






14. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






15. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






16. The concentration of effective osmoles.






17. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






18. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






19. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






20. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






22. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. 40% body weight






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






27. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






28. Urinary -fecal






29. 30% body weight






30. Potential for transfusion reactions.






31. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






32. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






33. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






34. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






35. Albumin






36. Lateral neck skin






37. 70% body weight






38. 60% body weight






39. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






40. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






43. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






44. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






45. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






46. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






48. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






49. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






50. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative