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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






2. Extracellular water + intracellular water






3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






4. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






5. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






6. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






7. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






8. 30% body weight






9. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






10. 70% body weight






11. 40% body weight






12. Urinary -fecal






13. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






14. 30% body weight






15. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






16. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






17. 300 mosm/L






18. Total body water






19. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






20. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






21. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






22. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






23. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






25. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






26. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






27. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






28. 20% body weight






29. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






30. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






32. Lateral neck skin






33. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






34. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






35. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






36. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






37. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






38. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






39. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






40. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






41. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






44. 4% body weight






45. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






46. 50 m;/kg/day






47. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






48. The loss of intravascular fluid.






49. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






50. 70% body weight







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