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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






2. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






3. 40% body weight






4. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






5. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






6. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






7. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






8. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






9. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






10. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






11. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






12. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






13. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






14. 30% body weight






15. The concentration of effective osmoles.






16. 30% body weight






17. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






18. Total body water






19. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






20. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






21. 70% body weight






22. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






23. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






24. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






25. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






26. Changes in body weight over time.






27. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






28. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






30. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






31. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






32. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






33. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






34. 5% body weight






35. Urinary -fecal






36. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






37. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






38. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






39. 20 to 25 mmHG






40. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






41. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






42. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






43. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






44. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






45. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






46. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






47. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






48. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






49. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






50. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium