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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






2. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






3. The loss of intravascular fluid.






4. Lateral neck skin






5. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






6. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






7. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






8. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






9. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






10. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






11. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






12. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






13. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






15. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






16. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






17. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






18. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






19. Interstitial fluid + blood






20. 40% body weight






21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






22. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






23. 70% body weight






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. 20 to 25 mmHG






26. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






27. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






28. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






29. Changes in body weight over time.






30. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






31. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






32. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






33. Albumin






34. 40% body weight






35. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






36. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






37. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






38. Urinary -fecal






39. 20% body weight






40. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






41. 300 mosm/L






42. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






43. Sodium and associated anions






44. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






45. The concentration of effective osmoles.






46. 30% body weight






47. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






48. 4% body weight






49. 5% body weight






50. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.