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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






2. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






4. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






5. Lateral neck skin






6. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






7. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






8. 300 mosm/L






9. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






10. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






11. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






13. Potential for transfusion reactions.






14. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






15. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






16. 30% body weight






17. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






18. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






19. The concentration of effective osmoles.






20. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






21. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






22. 20% body weight






23. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






24. Extracellular water + intracellular water






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. Lower eyelid






27. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






28. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






29. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






30. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






31. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






32. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






33. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






34. Total body water






35. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






36. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






37. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






38. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






39. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






40. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






41. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






42. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






45. 70% body weight






46. 60% body weight






47. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






48. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






49. 20 to 25 mmHG






50. The loss of intravascular fluid.