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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 30% body weight






2. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






3. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






4. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






6. The concentration of effective osmoles.






7. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






9. 8% body weight






10. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






11. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






12. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






13. Changes in body weight over time.






14. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






15. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






16. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






17. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






18. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






20. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






21. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






22. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






23. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






24. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






25. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






26. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






27. 20% body weight






28. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






29. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






30. 40 ml/kg/day






31. The loss of intravascular fluid.






32. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






33. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






34. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






35. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






36. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






37. 4% body weight






38. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






39. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






40. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






41. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






42. 6% body weight






43. Lower eyelid






44. Urinary -fecal






45. 50 m;/kg/day






46. Lateral neck skin






47. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






48. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






49. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






50. Extracellular water + intracellular water