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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin






2. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






3. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






4. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






5. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






6. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






7. Potential for transfusion reactions.






8. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






9. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






10. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






12. Lower eyelid






13. Lateral neck skin






14. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






16. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






17. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






18. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






19. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






20. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






21. 5% body weight






22. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






23. 40 ml/kg/day






24. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






25. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






26. 40% body weight






27. 8% body weight






28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






29. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






32. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






33. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






34. 6% body weight






35. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






36. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






37. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






39. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






42. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






43. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






44. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






45. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






46. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






47. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






48. 40% body weight






49. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






50. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na