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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






2. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






4. 70% body weight






5. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






6. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






7. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






8. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






9. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






11. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






12. 30% body weight






13. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






14. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






15. 20 to 25 mmHG






16. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






17. Interstitial fluid + blood






18. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






19. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






21. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






22. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






23. 4% body weight






24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






25. 8% body weight






26. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






27. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






28. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






29. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






30. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






31. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






32. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






33. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






34. Potential for transfusion reactions.






35. 50 m;/kg/day






36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






37. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






38. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






39. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






40. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






41. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






42. Changes in body weight over time.






43. Albumin






44. 30% body weight






45. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






46. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






47. Extracellular water + intracellular water






48. Urinary -fecal






49. 300 mosm/L






50. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given