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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






4. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






5. Total body water






6. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






8. Changes in body weight over time.






9. 40% body weight






10. Albumin






11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






12. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






13. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






14. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






15. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






16. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






18. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






19. 20 to 25 mmHG






20. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






21. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






22. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






23. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






24. Urinary -fecal






25. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






26. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






27. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






28. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






30. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






31. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






32. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






33. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






34. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






35. 60% body weight






36. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






37. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






39. 70% body weight






40. 30% body weight






41. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






42. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






43. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






45. 6% body weight






46. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






47. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






48. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






49. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






50. 40% body weight







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