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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20 to 25 mmHG






2. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






3. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






4. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






6. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






7. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






8. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






9. Sodium and associated anions






10. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






11. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






12. Changes in body weight over time.






13. 40 ml/kg/day






14. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






15. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






16. 50 m;/kg/day






17. 8% body weight






18. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






20. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






21. Urinary -fecal






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






24. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






25. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






26. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






27. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






28. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






29. Interstitial fluid + blood






30. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






32. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






33. 6% body weight






34. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






35. 30% body weight






36. 4% body weight






37. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






38. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






39. 300 mosm/L






40. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






41. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






42. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






43. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






44. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






45. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






47. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






48. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






49. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






50. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used