SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
iso-omolality of the body
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
typical uses for IV route of administration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
2. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
maintenance for a normal adult cat
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
3. 8% body weight
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
4. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
shock dose for hypertonic saline
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
5. Lateral neck skin
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
ICF is small animals
law of electroneutrality
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
6. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
shock does for hetastarch
anion gap
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
7. 300 mosm/L
blood volume in adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
indications for canine plasma
normal osmolality of body fluid
8. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
acidifying crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
9. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
shock does for hetastarch
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
interstitial fluid
10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
11. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
sodium
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
12. Sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hypertonic crystalloids
13. Lower eyelid
osmolality
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
14. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
alkalinizing crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
goals of fluid resuscitation
15. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
edema
total body water (TBW)
16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
ICF is small animals
alkalinizing crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hydration parameters for physical examone
17. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
plasma volume in cats
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
18. 20 to 25 mmHG
general properties of crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
19. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
interstitial fluid
edema
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
20. Albumin
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
signs of hypovolemia
most important colloid in the blood
21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
edema
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
typical uses for IO route of administration
22. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
hydration parameters for physical examone
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
insensible losses
phases of a fluid therapy plan
23. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
insensible losses
hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
24. 40% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ICF is small animals
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
25. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
alkalinizing crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
26. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
maintenance for a normal adult cow
plasma volume in adults
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
27. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
maintenance water requirement
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
ECF in large animal adults
28. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
hydration parameters for physical examone
ineffective osmole
traditional shock dose
maintenance for a normal adult cow
29. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
30. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ECF in large animal adults
31. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
interstitial fluid
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
osmolality
32. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
iso-omolality of the body
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
edema
33. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ECF in large animal adults
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
34. The concentration of effective osmoles.
normal osmolality of body fluid
tonicity
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
skin elasticity test
35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
hypotonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
bloodwork changes and dehydration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
dehydration
37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
total osmolality
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
advantages of the SC route of administration
38. 50 m;/kg/day
extracellular fluid (ECF)
tonicity
maintenance for a normal adult cow
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
39. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
maintenance for a normal adult cat
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
40. Potential for transfusion reactions.
potassium
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cow
ECF in small animal adults
41. Interstitial fluid + blood
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
extracellular fluid (ECF)
42. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
43. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
alkalinizing crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
44. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
Vetstarch
sodium
edema
45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
normal osmolality of body fluid
ineffective osmole
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
46. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
insensible losses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
indications for canine plasma
mucous membrane moistness
47. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
categorizations of crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
48. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance water requirement
osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult horse
49. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
hypovolemia
50. 30% body weight
mucous membrane moistness
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance water requirement