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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






2. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






4. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






5. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






6. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






8. 70% body weight






9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






10. Changes in body weight over time.






11. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






13. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






14. 300 mosm/L






15. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






16. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






17. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






18. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






20. 40 ml/kg/day






21. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






22. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






23. 4% body weight






24. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






25. Lower eyelid






26. Albumin






27. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






28. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






29. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






30. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






32. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






33. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






34. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






35. The concentration of effective osmoles.






36. Urinary -fecal






37. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






39. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






40. Total body water






41. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






42. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






43. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






44. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






45. 6% body weight






46. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






47. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






48. Lateral neck skin






49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time