SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
most important colloid in the blood
2. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in cats
normal vascular oncotic pressure
signs of hypovolemia
3. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
edema
canine plasma
4. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
mucous membrane moistness
insensible losses
hypotonic crystalloids
5. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
tonicity
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
maintenance for a normal adult cat
6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
sensible fluid losses
7. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
8. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
canine plasma
acidifying crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
advantages of the IV route of administration
9. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
ECF in large animal adults
interstitial fluid
total body water (TBW)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
10. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
signs of hypovolemia
plasma volume in cats
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
11. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
indications for canine plasma
mucous membrane moistness
12. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
ICF is small animals
total body water (TBW)
hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
13. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
mucous membrane moistness
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
general properties of crystalloids
14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
Vetstarch
bloodwork changes and dehydration
15. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
phases of a fluid therapy plan
TBW in adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ECF in small animal adults
16. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
potassium
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
total body water (TBW)
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
17. Potential for transfusion reactions.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of canine plasma
18. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
19. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
goal of maintenance fluids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
20. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
TBW in adults
21. 70% body weight
ICF is small animals
hypotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
22. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
skin elasticity test
typical uses for IO route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
23. 50 m;/kg/day
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
signs of hypovolemia
25. Albumin
anion gap
most important colloid in the blood
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
26. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
general properties of crystalloids
27. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
extracellular fluid (ECF)
goal of maintenance fluids
hydration parameters for physical examone
TBW in adults
28. Extracellular water + intracellular water
adverse effects of canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
advantages of the IV route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
29. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
traditional shock dose
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
goal of maintenance fluids
interstitial fluid
30. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
typical uses for IO route of administration
law of electroneutrality
Vetstarch
hydroxyethyl starch
31. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
insensible losses
hydration parameters for physical examone
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
anion gap
32. 40% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
ICF is small animals
ineffective osmole
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
33. Total body water
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
signs of hypovolemia
typical uses for IO route of administration
34. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
ICF in large animals
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
law of electroneutrality
35. 5% body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults
36. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
most important colloid in the blood
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
37. Changes in body weight over time.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
maintenance for a normal adult cow
38. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
ECF in large animal adults
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
complications of catheterization
shock does for hetastarch
39. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
ICF is small animals
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
maintenance for a normal adult horse
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
40. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
ineffective osmole
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
41. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
ineffective osmole
properties of isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
42. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
plasma volume in adults
anion gap
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch
43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
canine plasma
anion gap
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
goal of maintenance fluids
44. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
traditional shock dose
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
45. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
skin elasticity test
typical uses for IO route of administration
tonicity
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
46. 30% body weight
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
hydroxyethyl starch
47. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
total body water (TBW)
hypertonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
48. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
plasma volume in cats
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hypotonic crystalloids
49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ECF in small animal adults
50. 20 to 25 mmHG
shock does for hetastarch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules