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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extracellular water + intracellular water






2. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






3. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






4. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






6. 8% body weight






7. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






8. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






9. 4% body weight






10. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






11. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






12. Changes in body weight over time.






13. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






14. The concentration of effective osmoles.






15. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






16. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






17. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






18. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






19. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






20. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






21. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






24. 40 ml/kg/day






25. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






26. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






27. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






28. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






29. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






30. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






31. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






32. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






33. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






34. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






35. 30% body weight






36. 30% body weight






37. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






38. Lower eyelid






39. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






40. Urinary -fecal






41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






42. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






43. 50 m;/kg/day






44. 6% body weight






45. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






46. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






47. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






48. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






49. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






50. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.