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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 300 mosm/L






2. 8% body weight






3. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






4. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






5. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






6. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






7. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






8. 70% body weight






9. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






10. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






11. 6% body weight






12. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






13. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






14. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






15. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






16. 20 to 25 mmHG






17. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






19. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






22. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






23. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






24. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






25. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






26. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






27. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






28. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






29. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






30. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






31. Sodium and associated anions






32. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






33. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






34. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






35. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






36. Urinary -fecal






37. The loss of intravascular fluid.






38. Lower eyelid






39. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






40. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






41. 30% body weight






42. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






43. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






44. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






45. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






46. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






47. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






48. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






49. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






50. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.