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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






2. 70% body weight






3. 60% body weight






4. Potential for transfusion reactions.






5. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






6. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






8. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






10. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






11. Total body water






12. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






13. Urinary -fecal






14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






15. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






16. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






17. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






18. 40% body weight






19. Lower eyelid






20. 40% body weight






21. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






22. 70% body weight






23. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






24. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






25. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






28. 20 to 25 mmHG






29. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. 40 ml/kg/day






32. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






33. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






34. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






35. 8% body weight






36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






37. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






38. 30% body weight






39. 50 m;/kg/day






40. Albumin






41. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






42. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






44. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






45. Extracellular water + intracellular water






46. 300 mosm/L






47. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






48. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






49. 30% body weight






50. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body







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