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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






2. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






3. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






4. 30% body weight






5. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






8. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






10. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






11. The loss of intravascular fluid.






12. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






13. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






14. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






15. 40% body weight






16. 5% body weight






17. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






18. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






19. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






21. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






22. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






23. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






24. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






25. 20% body weight






26. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






27. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






28. Interstitial fluid + blood






29. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






30. 60% body weight






31. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






32. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






33. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






34. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






35. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






36. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






37. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






38. Extracellular water + intracellular water






39. Urinary -fecal






40. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






41. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






43. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






44. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






45. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






47. Changes in body weight over time.






48. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






49. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






50. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M