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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 30% body weight






2. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






3. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






4. Lower eyelid






5. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






6. Potential for transfusion reactions.






7. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






8. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. 4% body weight






10. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






11. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






12. Total body water






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






15. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






16. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






18. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






19. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






20. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






21. 20% body weight






22. Lateral neck skin






23. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






24. 50 m;/kg/day






25. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






26. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






27. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






28. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






29. Extracellular water + intracellular water






30. 8% body weight






31. 40% body weight






32. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






33. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






34. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






35. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






36. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






37. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






38. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






39. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






40. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






41. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






43. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






44. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






45. 40 ml/kg/day






46. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






47. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






48. Interstitial fluid + blood






49. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






50. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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