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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
law of electroneutrality
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hypertonic crystalloids
2. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
signs of hypovolemia
TBW in adults
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
4. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
shock dose for hypertonic saline
5. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
advantages of the IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
6. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
shock dose for hypertonic saline
edema
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch
7. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
8. Potential for transfusion reactions.
blood volume in adults
adverse effects of canine plasma
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
9. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
hypotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
Vetstarch
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
10. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
ICF in large animals
general properties of crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
11. Urinary -fecal
goals of fluid resuscitation
categorizations of crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
sensible fluid losses
12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
blood volume in cats
maintenance water requirement
iso-omolality of the body
plasma volume in adults
13. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
mucous membrane moistness
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
14. The concentration of effective osmoles.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
signs of hypovolemia
tonicity
15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
total osmolality
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
16. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
osmolality
advantages of the SC route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
17. Changes in body weight over time.
law of electroneutrality
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
complications of the SC route of administration
18. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
osmolality
potassium
ICF is small animals
19. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
plasma volume in adults
20. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
categorizations of crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
21. 60% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
TBW in adults
Vetstarch
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the IV route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
23. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
types of the fluids used for maintenance
canine plasma
phases of a fluid therapy plan
24. Albumin
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult cow
ECF in small animal adults
most important colloid in the blood
25. Interstitial fluid + blood
traditional shock dose
shock does for hetastarch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
adverse effects of canine plasma
26. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
ICF is small animals
indications for canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
potassium
27. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
iso-omolality of the body
sensible fluid losses
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
28. Lateral neck skin
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hydration parameters for physical examone
29. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
potassium
types of the fluids used for maintenance
30. 50 m;/kg/day
interstitial fluid
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
31. 4% body weight
hypovolemia
total osmolality
hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in cats
32. 5% body weight
properties of isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
skin elasticity test
33. 30% body weight
traditional shock dose
ICF in large animals
general properties of crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
34. 40% body weight
signs of hypovolemia
alkalinizing crystalloids
ICF is small animals
adverse effects of canine plasma
35. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
phases of a fluid therapy plan
maintenance for a normal adult cow
36. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
mucous membrane moistness
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
canine plasma
37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
maintenance for a normal adult horse
total osmolality
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
38. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
advantages of the IO route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
Vetstarch
39. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
shock does for hetastarch
40. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
plasma volume in cats
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult cow
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
anion gap
42. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
acidifying crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
43. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
effective osmoles
dehydration
complications of catheterization
properties of isotonic crystalloids
44. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
hypertonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
canine plasma
45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
phases of a fluid therapy plan
blood volume in adults
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
46. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
canine plasma
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
tonicity
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
47. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
ECF in large animal adults
law of electroneutrality
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
48. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
iso-omolality of the body
normal vascular oncotic pressure
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
signs of hypovolemia
49. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
plasma volume in cats
signs of hypovolemia
50. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
ineffective osmole
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
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