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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






2. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






3. 40% body weight






4. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






5. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






6. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






7. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






8. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






9. Lower eyelid






10. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






11. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






12. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






13. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






14. 70% body weight






15. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






16. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






17. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






18. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






19. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






20. Sodium and associated anions






21. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






22. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






23. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. 4% body weight






26. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






27. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






28. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






29. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






30. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






31. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






32. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






33. 20 to 25 mmHG






34. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






35. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






36. 40% body weight






37. The concentration of effective osmoles.






38. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






39. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






40. The loss of intravascular fluid.






41. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






42. 5% body weight






43. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






44. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






45. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






46. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






47. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






48. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






49. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






50. 30% body weight