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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
2. Albumin
acidifying crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
most important colloid in the blood
ICF is small animals
3. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ECF in large animal adults
potassium
goal of maintenance fluids
4. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
insensible losses
5. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
adverse effects of canine plasma
canine plasma
properties of isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
alkalinizing crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
advantages of the IO route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
7. Total body water
maintenance water requirement
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypovolemia
complications of catheterization
8. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
indications for canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
9. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
normal osmolality of body fluid
10. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
complications of the SC route of administration
Vetstarch
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
11. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
law of electroneutrality
iso-omolality of the body
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
skin elasticity test
12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult cow
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
13. The concentration of effective osmoles.
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
edema
tonicity
maintenance for a normal adult cow
14. 40% body weight
adverse effects of canine plasma
ICF is small animals
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
potassium
15. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
anion gap
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
16. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
17. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
18. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
iso-omolality of the body
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
TBW in adults
19. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
ECF in small animal adults
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult cow
canine plasma
20. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
hypertonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
interstitial fluid
law of electroneutrality
21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
acidifying crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
dehydration
22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
typical uses for IO route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
complications of catheterization
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
23. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
edema
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
acidifying crystalloids
effective osmoles
25. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
dehydration
indications for canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
26. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
complications of catheterization
shock dose for hypertonic saline
27. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
shock dose for hypertonic saline
mucous membrane moistness
28. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
29. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
law of electroneutrality
hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
30. 8% body weight
shock does for hetastarch
categorizations of crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
blood volume in adults
31. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
goals of fluid resuscitation
32. 5% body weight
maintenance water requirement
plasma volume in adults
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
traditional shock dose
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
potassium
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
34. Lateral neck skin
hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
35. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
total body water (TBW)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
36. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
37. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
plasma volume in cats
advantages of the IV route of administration
38. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
total osmolality
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ineffective osmole
advantages of the IV route of administration
39. 30% body weight
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
ICF in large animals
blood volume in adults
normal vascular oncotic pressure
40. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
traditional shock dose
sodium
dehydration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
signs of hypovolemia
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
42. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
ECF in large animal adults
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
43. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
categorizations of crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
advantages of the IO route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
types of the fluids used for maintenance
interstitial fluid
alkalinizing crystalloids
45. 70% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
46. 70% body weight
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
blood volume in adults
acidifying crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
47. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
hydration parameters for physical examone
phases of a fluid therapy plan
goal of maintenance fluids
shock does for hetastarch
48. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
categorizations of crystalloids
effective osmoles
hydroxyethyl starch
49. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
complications of the SC route of administration
Vetstarch
mucous membrane moistness
iso-omolality of the body
50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
total osmolality
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
sensible fluid losses
disadvantages of the SC route of administration