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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
2. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
most important colloid in the blood
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
3. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
hydration parameters for physical examone
ICF is small animals
interstitial fluid
goals of fluid resuscitation
4. 50 m;/kg/day
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hydration parameters for physical examone
maintenance for a normal adult cow
blood volume in cats
5. 5% body weight
complications of the SC route of administration
ECF in small animal adults
alkalinizing crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
6. 4% body weight
shock does for hetastarch
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
plasma volume in cats
7. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
insensible losses
ECF in large animal adults
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
8. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
total body water (TBW)
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
law of electroneutrality
9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
shock dose for hypertonic saline
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
signs of hypovolemia
10. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
advantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
tonicity
11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
iso-omolality of the body
12. 70% body weight
shock dose for hypertonic saline
mucous membrane moistness
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
plasma volume in adults
13. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
shock does for hetastarch
14. Sodium and associated anions
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
15. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
typical uses for IV route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
16. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
17. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
interstitial fluid
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
18. Urinary -fecal
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
traditional shock dose
sensible fluid losses
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
19. 30% body weight
acidifying crystalloids
ICF in large animals
hypovolemia
sodium
20. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
hypovolemia
sodium
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
21. Total body water
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
shock does for hetastarch
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
hydroxyethyl starch
23. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
typical uses for IV route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
insensible losses
24. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
sensible fluid losses
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
shock does for hetastarch
maintenance water requirement
25. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
bloodwork changes and dehydration
effective osmoles
ICF is small animals
26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
indications for canine plasma
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
traditional shock dose
27. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypovolemia
types of the fluids used for maintenance
maintenance for a normal adult cat
28. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
sensible fluid losses
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
skin elasticity test
29. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
tonicity
canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
bloodwork changes and dehydration
30. Interstitial fluid + blood
law of electroneutrality
TBW in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
31. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
32. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
33. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
sensible fluid losses
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance water requirement
traditional shock dose
34. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the IO route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
35. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
sodium
insensible losses
total body water (TBW)
36. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
mucous membrane moistness
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
37. 40 ml/kg/day
hydration parameters for physical examone
ICF in large animals
maintenance for a normal adult horse
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
38. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dehydration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
39. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
typical uses for IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
40. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
categorizations of crystalloids
insensible losses
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
42. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
iso-omolality of the body
typical uses for IO route of administration
plasma volume in adults
43. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hypertonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
44. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
ineffective osmole
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
45. Albumin
edema
most important colloid in the blood
traditional shock dose
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
adverse effects of canine plasma
potassium
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
47. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
typical uses for IO route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
48. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
insensible losses
iso-omolality of the body
49. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
total osmolality
typical uses for IO route of administration
50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hypovolemia
most important colloid in the blood
maintenance for a normal adult dog