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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
interstitial fluid
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
2. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
ECF in large animal adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
3. Urinary -fecal
canine plasma
bloodwork changes and dehydration
sensible fluid losses
categorizations of crystalloids
4. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
law of electroneutrality
effective osmoles
potassium
maintenance for a normal adult cow
5. 30% body weight
ICF is small animals
ICF in large animals
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
6. Extracellular water + intracellular water
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
total body water (TBW)
insensible losses
effective osmoles
7. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
categorizations of crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult horse
8. 6% body weight
ineffective osmole
categorizations of crystalloids
tonicity
blood volume in cats
9. Sodium and associated anions
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
advantages of the IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
TBW in adults
10. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
11. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
total osmolality
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
12. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
hypovolemia
hypertonic crystalloids
13. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
categorizations of crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hypotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
tonicity
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ineffective osmole
15. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
sodium
ineffective osmole
ECF in large animal adults
effective osmoles
16. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
17. 50 m;/kg/day
hypotonic crystalloids
tonicity
shock does for hetastarch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
hydration parameters for physical examone
anion gap
dehydration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
19. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
primary effect of colloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
20. Changes in body weight over time.
effective osmoles
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
21. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dehydration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
sodium
ICF in large animals
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
23. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
dehydration
alkalinizing crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
phases of a fluid therapy plan
24. The loss of intravascular fluid.
TBW in adults
goal of maintenance fluids
osmolality
hypovolemia
25. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
signs of hypovolemia
goals of fluid resuscitation
26. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
shock does for hetastarch
dehydration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
27. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
normal osmolality of body fluid
hypotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
sodium
28. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
total osmolality
maintenance water requirement
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
29. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
general properties of crystalloids
potassium
ineffective osmole
30. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
typical uses for IO route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
31. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
32. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
ECF in large animal adults
ECF in small animal adults
blood volume in adults
33. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
ICF in large animals
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
34. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
categorizations of crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
goals of fluid resuscitation
35. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
37. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
mucous membrane moistness
sensible fluid losses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
38. 20% body weight
hypovolemia
ECF in small animal adults
skin elasticity test
insensible losses
39. Albumin
normal vascular oncotic pressure
alkalinizing crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
40. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
normal osmolality of body fluid
typical uses for IO route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
insensible losses
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
42. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
43. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
insensible losses
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
44. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
45. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
traditional shock dose
edema
46. Interstitial fluid + blood
mucous membrane moistness
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
plasma volume in adults
47. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
total body water (TBW)
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the SC route of administration
48. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
total osmolality
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
edema
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
49. 30% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ECF in large animal adults
potassium
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
50. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
sensible fluid losses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV