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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance water requirement
ICF is small animals
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
maintenance for a normal adult cow
2. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
maintenance for a normal adult cat
typical uses for IO route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
3. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hypovolemia
4. 40% body weight
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
dehydration
TBW in adults
ICF is small animals
5. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animal adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
general properties of crystalloids
6. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
osmolality
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
7. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
hypovolemia
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
8. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
9. Extracellular water + intracellular water
law of electroneutrality
total body water (TBW)
TBW in adults
complications of the SC route of administration
10. 20 to 25 mmHG
hypovolemia
normal vascular oncotic pressure
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult horse
11. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
dehydration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of isotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
12. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
signs of hypovolemia
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
13. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
sodium
14. Urinary -fecal
dehydration
total body water (TBW)
sensible fluid losses
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
15. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
bloodwork changes and dehydration
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
TBW in adults
17. 70% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
18. 20% body weight
general properties of crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
ECF in small animal adults
iso-omolality of the body
19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
20. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
phases of a fluid therapy plan
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
21. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
dehydration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
advantages of the IO route of administration
22. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
properties of isotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
sodium
total body water (TBW)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
25. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
total body water (TBW)
maintenance water requirement
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
canine plasma
26. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
traditional shock dose
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
tonicity
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
27. Potential for transfusion reactions.
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of canine plasma
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
28. 30% body weight
categorizations of crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
complications of catheterization
osmolality
29. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult horse
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
typical uses for IO route of administration
30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
ineffective osmole
ICF in large animals
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
31. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
tonicity
ineffective osmole
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
shock does for hetastarch
categorizations of crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
33. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
advantages of the SC route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
total osmolality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
34. 300 mosm/L
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
35. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
maintenance for a normal adult cow
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
interstitial fluid
edema
36. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
goal of maintenance fluids
potassium
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
37. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in cats
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
38. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
alkalinizing crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch
39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
maintenance for a normal adult horse
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
TBW in adults
typical uses for IV route of administration
40. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
maintenance water requirement
hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
41. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the IO route of administration
42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
hypertonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
total osmolality
43. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
interstitial fluid
shock does for hetastarch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
types of the fluids used for maintenance
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
goal of maintenance fluids
46. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
signs of hypovolemia
47. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
plasma volume in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
48. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
traditional shock dose
total osmolality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
49. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
categorizations of crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
phases of a fluid therapy plan
50. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
complications of catheterization
bloodwork changes and dehydration
ECF in large animal adults
most important colloid in the blood