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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles.






2. 6% body weight






3. 30% body weight






4. Total body water






5. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






6. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






7. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






8. 70% body weight






9. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






10. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






11. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






12. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






13. Extracellular water + intracellular water






14. 60% body weight






15. 8% body weight






16. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






18. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






19. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






20. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






21. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






25. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






26. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






27. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






28. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Albumin






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






32. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






33. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






34. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






35. 40 ml/kg/day






36. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






37. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






38. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






39. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






40. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






41. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






42. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






43. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






44. 40% body weight






45. Urinary -fecal






46. 40% body weight






47. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






49. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






50. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss