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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
anion gap
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the SC route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
2. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
3. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
potassium
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
4. 50 m;/kg/day
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
5. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
maintenance for a normal adult cow
hydration parameters for physical examone
typical uses for IO route of administration
skin elasticity test
6. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
7. The concentration of effective osmoles.
total body water (TBW)
normal osmolality of body fluid
tonicity
Vetstarch
8. Sodium and associated anions
hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
9. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
goal of maintenance fluids
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
10. 40% body weight
hypertonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
canine plasma
ICF is small animals
11. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
Vetstarch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
bloodwork changes and dehydration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
12. 8% body weight
effective osmoles
blood volume in adults
ICF is small animals
indications for canine plasma
13. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IO route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
14. 40 ml/kg/day
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
maintenance for a normal adult horse
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
15. Albumin
complications of the SC route of administration
insensible losses
most important colloid in the blood
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
16. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
advantages of the SC route of administration
ICF is small animals
plasma volume in adults
total osmolality
17. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
maintenance for a normal adult cat
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
shock does for hetastarch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
18. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
canine plasma
mucous membrane moistness
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
19. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animal adults
20. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
primary effect of colloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
21. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
extracellular fluid (ECF)
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
tonicity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
blood volume in adults
ineffective osmole
typical uses for IV route of administration
23. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
typical uses for IV route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance for a normal adult horse
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
anion gap
properties of isotonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
25. 30% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult cow
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
26. Lower eyelid
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
interstitial fluid
27. The loss of intravascular fluid.
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
advantages of the SC route of administration
dehydration
hypovolemia
28. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
normal vascular oncotic pressure
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
plasma volume in cats
hypotonic crystalloids
29. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
shock dose for hypertonic saline
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
alkalinizing crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
30. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
properties of isotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
31. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
32. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
plasma volume in adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
indications for canine plasma
complications of catheterization
33. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult cat
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
34. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
TBW in adults
35. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
sensible fluid losses
edema
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
36. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
interstitial fluid
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
edema
maintenance for a normal adult horse
37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
total osmolality
alkalinizing crystalloids
edema
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
38. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
shock does for hetastarch
hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
39. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
traditional shock dose
40. 40% body weight
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
advantages of the SC route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
blood volume in adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
complications of the SC route of administration
42. Interstitial fluid + blood
bloodwork changes and dehydration
effective osmoles
sensible fluid losses
extracellular fluid (ECF)
43. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
tonicity
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
44. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
goals of fluid resuscitation
maintenance water requirement
45. Lateral neck skin
sensible fluid losses
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hypotonic crystalloids
46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
anion gap
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
47. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
ICF in large animals
iso-omolality of the body
alkalinizing crystalloids
48. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
edema
typical uses for IO route of administration
49. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
advantages of the IV route of administration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
maintenance water requirement
50. Urinary -fecal
tonicity
law of electroneutrality
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
sensible fluid losses