Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






2. 40 ml/kg/day






3. The loss of intravascular fluid.






4. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






6. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






7. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






8. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






10. 70% body weight






11. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






12. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






13. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






14. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






15. Lateral neck skin






16. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






17. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






18. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






19. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






20. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






21. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






22. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






23. 300 mosm/L






24. Interstitial fluid + blood






25. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. Lower eyelid






27. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






28. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






30. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






31. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






32. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






33. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






34. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






35. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






36. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






37. 50 m;/kg/day






38. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






39. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






40. Urinary -fecal






41. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






42. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






44. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






45. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






46. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






47. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






48. 20 to 25 mmHG






49. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






50. Changes in body weight over time.