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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






2. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






3. Changes in body weight over time.






4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






5. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






7. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






9. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






10. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






11. 20% body weight






12. Albumin






13. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






14. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






15. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






17. 20 to 25 mmHG






18. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






19. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






20. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






21. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






22. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






23. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






25. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






26. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






27. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






28. 40% body weight






29. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






30. 70% body weight






31. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






32. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






33. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






34. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






35. 70% body weight






36. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






37. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






38. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






39. The loss of intravascular fluid.






40. 40 ml/kg/day






41. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






42. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






43. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






44. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






45. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






46. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






47. 30% body weight






48. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






50. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection