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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






2. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






3. 40% body weight






4. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






5. 4% body weight






6. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






7. Lateral neck skin






8. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






9. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






10. Urinary -fecal






11. 6% body weight






12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






13. Total body water






14. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






15. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






16. 70% body weight






17. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






18. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






19. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






20. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






21. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






22. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






23. Potential for transfusion reactions.






24. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






25. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






26. Changes in body weight over time.






27. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






28. 70% body weight






29. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






30. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






31. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






32. 300 mosm/L






33. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






34. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






35. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






36. The loss of intravascular fluid.






37. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






38. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






39. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






40. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






41. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






42. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. 60% body weight






45. 40% body weight






46. Albumin






47. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






48. Extracellular water + intracellular water






49. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






50. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.