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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






2. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






4. 40 ml/kg/day






5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






6. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






7. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






8. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






10. Urinary -fecal






11. Extracellular water + intracellular water






12. 4% body weight






13. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






14. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






15. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






16. 8% body weight






17. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






18. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






19. Total body water






20. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






21. Sodium and associated anions






22. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






23. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






24. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






25. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






26. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






27. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






28. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






29. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






30. 30% body weight






31. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






32. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






33. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






34. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






35. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






36. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






37. 300 mosm/L






38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






39. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






40. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






41. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






42. 50 m;/kg/day






43. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






44. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






45. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






46. 40% body weight






47. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






48. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






49. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






50. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor