Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






2. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






3. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






4. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






6. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






7. 50 m;/kg/day






8. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






9. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






10. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






11. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






12. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. 20% body weight






15. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






16. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






17. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






18. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






19. 8% body weight






20. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






21. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






22. 40% body weight






23. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






25. 60% body weight






26. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






27. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






28. Lower eyelid






29. 20 to 25 mmHG






30. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






31. Changes in body weight over time.






32. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






33. 30% body weight






34. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






35. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






37. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






38. 4% body weight






39. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






40. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






41. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






42. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






43. 30% body weight






44. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






46. Interstitial fluid + blood






47. 70% body weight






48. Urinary -fecal






49. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






50. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality