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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
complications of catheterization
insensible losses
shock does for hetastarch
tonicity
2. Albumin
iso-omolality of the body
categorizations of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
most important colloid in the blood
3. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
maintenance for a normal adult horse
skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
4. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
complications of the SC route of administration
traditional shock dose
hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in cats
5. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
phases of a fluid therapy plan
general properties of crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
osmolality
6. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
7. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
ICF is small animals
typical uses for IO route of administration
8. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
maintenance for a normal adult cat
total body water (TBW)
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
9. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
10. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
11. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
sodium
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult cat
types of the fluids used for maintenance
12. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
iso-omolality of the body
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
TBW in adults
properties of isotonic crystalloids
13. 20 to 25 mmHG
ineffective osmole
law of electroneutrality
goal of maintenance fluids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
14. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
maintenance water requirement
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
15. Lateral neck skin
hydration parameters for physical examone
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
16. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
ICF is small animals
17. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
bloodwork changes and dehydration
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
ineffective osmole
18. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
19. 8% body weight
ICF in large animals
blood volume in adults
ECF in small animal adults
ICF is small animals
20. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
complications of the SC route of administration
21. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
22. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
most important colloid in the blood
sodium
law of electroneutrality
advantages of the IV route of administration
23. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in cats
phases of a fluid therapy plan
24. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
maintenance water requirement
dehydration
hypertonic crystalloids
25. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
26. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
ICF is small animals
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
27. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
most important colloid in the blood
insensible losses
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
28. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
mucous membrane moistness
types of the fluids used for maintenance
29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
effective osmoles
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
30. 70% body weight
general properties of crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in cats
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
31. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
traditional shock dose
tonicity
mucous membrane moistness
shock does for hetastarch
32. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
maintenance water requirement
plasma volume in adults
iso-omolality of the body
33. 70% body weight
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
adverse effects of canine plasma
34. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
typical uses for IO route of administration
ICF is small animals
35. Changes in body weight over time.
acidifying crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
potassium
36. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hydration parameters for physical examone
shock dose for hypertonic saline
37. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
blood volume in cats
typical uses for IV route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
38. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
39. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
anion gap
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
phases of a fluid therapy plan
40. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
41. The concentration of effective osmoles.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
extracellular fluid (ECF)
normal osmolality of body fluid
tonicity
42. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
sensible fluid losses
indications for canine plasma
types of the fluids used for maintenance
43. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
osmolality
dehydration
Vetstarch
44. Urinary -fecal
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
plasma volume in cats
goals of fluid resuscitation
sensible fluid losses
45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
advantages of the IO route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
indications for canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult dog
47. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
sodium
maintenance for a normal adult cow
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
48. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
goals of fluid resuscitation
general properties of crystalloids
ICF in large animals
hypotonic crystalloids
49. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
ECF in large animal adults
insensible losses
total body water (TBW)
goals of fluid resuscitation
50. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
maintenance water requirement
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
law of electroneutrality