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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






2. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






3. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






4. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






6. Extracellular water + intracellular water






7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






8. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






9. Potential for transfusion reactions.






10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






11. 5% body weight






12. Changes in body weight over time.






13. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






14. Albumin






15. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






16. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






17. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






18. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






19. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






20. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






21. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






22. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






23. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






24. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






25. 30% body weight






26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






27. 50 m;/kg/day






28. 70% body weight






29. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






30. 40% body weight






31. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






32. 8% body weight






33. 20% body weight






34. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






35. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






37. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






38. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






39. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






40. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






42. 60% body weight






43. Interstitial fluid + blood






44. 300 mosm/L






45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






46. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






48. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






49. 40% body weight






50. 30% body weight