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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight






2. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






3. 40% body weight






4. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






5. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






6. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






7. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






8. 8% body weight






9. The concentration of effective osmoles.






10. 40 ml/kg/day






11. 50 m;/kg/day






12. Lower eyelid






13. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






14. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






15. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






16. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






17. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






18. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






19. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






20. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






21. 40% body weight






22. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






23. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






24. 20 to 25 mmHG






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






27. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






28. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






29. Urinary -fecal






30. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






31. Interstitial fluid + blood






32. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






33. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






34. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






35. Changes in body weight over time.






36. 30% body weight






37. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






38. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






39. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






40. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






41. 4% body weight






42. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






43. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






44. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






45. 60% body weight






46. 70% body weight






47. 30% body weight






48. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






49. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






50. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.