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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
plasma volume in adults
2. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
indications for canine plasma
anion gap
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
Vetstarch
blood volume in adults
advantages of the IO route of administration
4. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
normal vascular oncotic pressure
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
5. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
shock dose for hypertonic saline
6. Lateral neck skin
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
7. Changes in body weight over time.
sodium
typical uses for IO route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
8. 40% body weight
iso-omolality of the body
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ICF is small animals
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
9. Potential for transfusion reactions.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of canine plasma
dehydration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
10. 70% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
alkalinizing crystalloids
11. Urinary -fecal
total body water (TBW)
anion gap
bloodwork changes and dehydration
sensible fluid losses
12. 40% body weight
phases of a fluid therapy plan
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
anion gap
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
13. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
properties of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
complications of catheterization
14. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch
15. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
blood volume in cats
goal of maintenance fluids
16. 60% body weight
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
maintenance for a normal adult dog
17. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
hypotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
canine plasma
18. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in cats
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
19. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
total body water (TBW)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
20. 4% body weight
blood volume in adults
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
Vetstarch
plasma volume in cats
21. Extracellular water + intracellular water
maintenance for a normal adult cow
plasma volume in cats
total body water (TBW)
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
22. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
tonicity
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
properties of isotonic crystalloids
23. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
potassium
24. 20 to 25 mmHG
acidifying crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
most important colloid in the blood
normal osmolality of body fluid
25. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
complications of the SC route of administration
26. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
advantages of the IV route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
27. 8% body weight
skin elasticity test
ineffective osmole
mucous membrane moistness
blood volume in adults
28. 30% body weight
sensible fluid losses
ICF in large animals
maintenance for a normal adult horse
general properties of crystalloids
29. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
bloodwork changes and dehydration
advantages of the IV route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
30. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
plasma volume in cats
31. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
ECF in small animal adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
32. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
dehydration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
mucous membrane moistness
33. 50 m;/kg/day
hypovolemia
canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
maintenance for a normal adult cow
34. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
insensible losses
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
anion gap
35. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
skin elasticity test
typical uses for IO route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
36. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
categorizations of crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
37. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
goals of fluid resuscitation
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
goal of maintenance fluids
38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
39. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
osmolality
blood volume in cats
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
40. 40 ml/kg/day
ECF in large animal adults
ICF is small animals
insensible losses
maintenance for a normal adult horse
41. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
blood volume in cats
42. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
goal of maintenance fluids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
43. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
maintenance for a normal adult cow
44. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
typical uses for IO route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
blood volume in cats
45. Albumin
goal of maintenance fluids
most important colloid in the blood
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
total osmolality
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
47. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
traditional shock dose
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
complications of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
48. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
ICF is small animals
types of the fluids used for maintenance
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance for a normal adult cow
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance water requirement
typical uses for IV route of administration
50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
sensible fluid losses