SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the SC route of administration
plasma volume in adults
hypotonic crystalloids
2. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
iso-omolality of the body
hypovolemia
3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
Vetstarch
4. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
edema
general properties of crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
5. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
indications for canine plasma
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
6. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
ICF in large animals
bloodwork changes and dehydration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
7. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
typical uses for IO route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
8. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
sensible fluid losses
advantages of the SC route of administration
9. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
canine plasma
categorizations of crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
10. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
adverse effects of canine plasma
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch
11. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance water requirement
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
insensible losses
12. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
categorizations of crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in cats
mucous membrane moistness
properties of isotonic crystalloids
14. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
advantages of the IO route of administration
tonicity
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
skin elasticity test
15. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
tonicity
TBW in adults
ECF in large animal adults
hydration parameters for physical examone
16. 4% body weight
adverse effects of canine plasma
law of electroneutrality
maintenance for a normal adult dog
plasma volume in cats
17. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
advantages of the IV route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
TBW in adults
18. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
dehydration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
19. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance water requirement
phases of a fluid therapy plan
goals of fluid resuscitation
20. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
dehydration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
21. 30% body weight
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cat
ECF in large animal adults
skin elasticity test
22. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
total osmolality
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
23. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
ICF is small animals
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
total osmolality
24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
plasma volume in adults
goal of maintenance fluids
25. Total body water
primary effect of colloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
26. 30% body weight
mucous membrane moistness
ICF in large animals
Vetstarch
hypovolemia
27. The loss of intravascular fluid.
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hypovolemia
alkalinizing crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
28. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
skin elasticity test
general properties of crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
total body water (TBW)
29. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
skin elasticity test
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
30. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
complications of catheterization
31. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
TBW in adults
hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
32. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
33. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
typical uses for IV route of administration
anion gap
extracellular fluid (ECF)
34. Changes in body weight over time.
sodium
potassium
ECF in small animal adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
35. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
tonicity
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
signs of hypovolemia
36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
goal of maintenance fluids
37. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
38. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydroxyethyl starch
hypovolemia
39. Lower eyelid
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult cow
alkalinizing crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
40. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
traditional shock dose
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
iso-omolality of the body
41. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in cats
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
42. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
hypertonic crystalloids
43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
complications of the SC route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
44. Interstitial fluid + blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
shock does for hetastarch
45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
canine plasma
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
effective osmoles
ineffective osmole
46. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
tonicity
anion gap
most important colloid in the blood
47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch
most important colloid in the blood
48. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
law of electroneutrality
maintenance for a normal adult dog
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
49. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
Vetstarch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
50. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
mucous membrane moistness
complications of catheterization
plasma volume in cats