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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 50 m;/kg/day






2. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






3. 20 to 25 mmHG






4. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






5. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






6. Potential for transfusion reactions.






7. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






9. 5% body weight






10. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






11. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






12. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






13. Albumin






14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






15. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






16. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






17. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






18. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






19. 40% body weight






20. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






21. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






22. Lower eyelid






23. 20% body weight






24. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






25. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






26. 30% body weight






27. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






28. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






29. Urinary -fecal






30. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






31. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






32. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






33. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






34. 30% body weight






35. Sodium and associated anions






36. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






37. Changes in body weight over time.






38. 60% body weight






39. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






40. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






42. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






44. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






45. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






46. 40 ml/kg/day






47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






48. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






49. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






50. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid