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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






2. Sodium and associated anions






3. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






4. 30% body weight






5. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






7. 300 mosm/L






8. 50 m;/kg/day






9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






10. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






11. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






12. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






14. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






15. 4% body weight






16. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






17. 70% body weight






18. 5% body weight






19. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






20. Extracellular water + intracellular water






21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






22. 20% body weight






23. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






24. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






25. Potential for transfusion reactions.






26. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






27. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






28. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






29. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






30. Lateral neck skin






31. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






32. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






33. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






34. 30% body weight






35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






36. Lower eyelid






37. The loss of intravascular fluid.






38. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






39. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






40. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






41. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






42. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






43. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






44. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






45. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






46. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






47. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






49. 70% body weight






50. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients