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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 8% body weight






2. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






3. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






4. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






5. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






6. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






8. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






9. Lower eyelid






10. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






11. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






12. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






13. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






14. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






15. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






16. 300 mosm/L






17. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






19. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






20. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






21. 70% body weight






22. Total body water






23. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






24. Potential for transfusion reactions.






25. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






26. 5% body weight






27. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






28. 40% body weight






29. The loss of intravascular fluid.






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. Extracellular water + intracellular water






32. 40% body weight






33. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






34. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






35. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






36. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






37. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






38. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






39. 30% body weight






40. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






41. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






42. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






43. 50 m;/kg/day






44. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






45. 20% body weight






46. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






47. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






48. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






49. 70% body weight






50. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia