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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
ICF is small animals
maintenance for a normal adult cow
sensible fluid losses
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
indications for canine plasma
hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hydroxyethyl starch
4. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
properties of isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
5. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
dehydration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
6. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
bloodwork changes and dehydration
goal of maintenance fluids
alkalinizing crystalloids
7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
skin elasticity test
8. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
total body water (TBW)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
blood volume in cats
9. 40% body weight
ICF in large animals
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
complications of the SC route of administration
blood volume in cats
10. Albumin
types of the fluids used for maintenance
traditional shock dose
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
categorizations of crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
12. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ineffective osmole
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
13. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
goals of fluid resuscitation
14. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
skin elasticity test
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ICF in large animals
15. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
advantages of the IV route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
interstitial fluid
16. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
typical uses for IV route of administration
17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
advantages of the IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
phases of a fluid therapy plan
iso-omolality of the body
18. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
primary effect of colloids
19. 20 to 25 mmHG
sensible fluid losses
potassium
general properties of crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
20. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance water requirement
Vetstarch
goal of maintenance fluids
21. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
effective osmoles
sensible fluid losses
total osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
22. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
general properties of crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
23. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
categorizations of crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
24. Urinary -fecal
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
complications of the SC route of administration
sensible fluid losses
25. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
plasma volume in adults
signs of hypovolemia
primary effect of colloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
26. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
alkalinizing crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
27. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
typical uses for IV route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
plasma volume in cats
28. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
tonicity
potassium
ECF in small animal adults
29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
general properties of crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult cow
shock dose for hypertonic saline
30. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dehydration
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
31. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
insensible losses
categorizations of crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
32. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
33. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
hypovolemia
complications of catheterization
law of electroneutrality
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
34. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
maintenance for a normal adult cat
total osmolality
most important colloid in the blood
35. 60% body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
plasma volume in cats
TBW in adults
36. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IO route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
37. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
ICF in large animals
hydroxyethyl starch
Vetstarch
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
skin elasticity test
advantages of the IV route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
primary effect of colloids
39. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
dehydration
skin elasticity test
40. 30% body weight
ineffective osmole
advantages of the IV route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
ICF in large animals
41. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
42. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of isotonic crystalloids
osmolality
acidifying crystalloids
43. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
signs of hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
anion gap
44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total osmolality
types of the fluids used for maintenance
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
45. 6% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
categorizations of crystalloids
blood volume in cats
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
46. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
categorizations of crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cat
47. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
plasma volume in cats
total osmolality
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
complications of catheterization
48. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hypertonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
49. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
general properties of crystalloids
anion gap
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
TBW in adults
50. 40% body weight
complications of the SC route of administration
ECF in small animal adults
blood volume in cats
ICF is small animals
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