SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
effective osmoles
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
law of electroneutrality
2. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
typical uses for IV route of administration
total body water (TBW)
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
goals of fluid resuscitation
3. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
shock dose for hypertonic saline
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
alkalinizing crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
4. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
hypertonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
total osmolality
5. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
properties of isotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
6. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
plasma volume in adults
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
total osmolality
advantages of the IV route of administration
7. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
8. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
insensible losses
canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
9. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
skin elasticity test
normal vascular oncotic pressure
general properties of crystalloids
10. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
complications of catheterization
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
acidifying crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
hypovolemia
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult horse
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
12. Sodium and associated anions
typical uses for IO route of administration
indications for canine plasma
ECF in large animal adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
13. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cow
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
complications of the SC route of administration
14. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
TBW in adults
Vetstarch
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
traditional shock dose
15. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
complications of the SC route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
plasma volume in adults
16. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance water requirement
traditional shock dose
17. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
dehydration
iso-omolality of the body
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
19. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
law of electroneutrality
maintenance water requirement
advantages of the IO route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
20. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ineffective osmole
maintenance water requirement
alkalinizing crystalloids
21. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
22. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
total osmolality
most important colloid in the blood
goal of maintenance fluids
23. 30% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ICF in large animals
traditional shock dose
ECF in large animal adults
24. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
ICF in large animals
25. 40 ml/kg/day
ECF in small animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
general properties of crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
26. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
27. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
28. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
advantages of the IV route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IV route of administration
29. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
ICF is small animals
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
30. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
plasma volume in cats
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
total body water (TBW)
advantages of the IO route of administration
31. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
blood volume in adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
primary effect of colloids
osmolality
32. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
blood volume in cats
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
traditional shock dose
33. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult dog
34. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
edema
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
advantages of the IO route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
35. Changes in body weight over time.
ineffective osmole
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
36. Urinary -fecal
alkalinizing crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
sensible fluid losses
shock dose for hypertonic saline
37. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
categorizations of crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
38. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
goal of maintenance fluids
tonicity
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
39. 6% body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
blood volume in cats
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult dog
40. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
complications of catheterization
maintenance for a normal adult cow
41. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
ICF is small animals
osmolality
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
42. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult horse
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
plasma volume in adults
mucous membrane moistness
general properties of crystalloids
anion gap
44. 30% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
indications for canine plasma
45. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
normal osmolality of body fluid
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
46. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ineffective osmole
47. 40% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult dog
acidifying crystalloids
48. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
iso-omolality of the body
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hypertonic crystalloids
49. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
maintenance for a normal adult horse
complications of catheterization
traditional shock dose
anion gap
50. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
skin elasticity test
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone