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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






2. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






4. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






5. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






6. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






7. 4% body weight






8. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






9. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






10. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






11. Extracellular water + intracellular water






12. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






13. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






15. 30% body weight






16. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






17. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






20. 40% body weight






21. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






24. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






25. 70% body weight






26. Potential for transfusion reactions.






27. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






28. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






29. 40% body weight






30. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






31. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






32. The loss of intravascular fluid.






33. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






34. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






35. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






36. Sodium and associated anions






37. Interstitial fluid + blood






38. 20 to 25 mmHG






39. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






40. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






42. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






43. Changes in body weight over time.






44. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






45. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






46. Urinary -fecal






47. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






48. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






49. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






50. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects