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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






2. 70% body weight






3. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






4. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






6. Interstitial fluid + blood






7. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






8. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






9. 6% body weight






10. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






11. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






12. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






13. Total body water






14. Urinary -fecal






15. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






16. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






17. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






18. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






20. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






21. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






22. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






23. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






24. 30% body weight






25. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






26. 70% body weight






27. 20 to 25 mmHG






28. The concentration of effective osmoles.






29. 60% body weight






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






32. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






33. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






34. Lower eyelid






35. 40% body weight






36. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






37. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






38. Potential for transfusion reactions.






39. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






40. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






42. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






43. 30% body weight






44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






45. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






46. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






47. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






48. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






50. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.