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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






2. 60% body weight






3. Extracellular water + intracellular water






4. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






8. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






9. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






10. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






11. 6% body weight






12. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






13. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






15. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






16. 70% body weight






17. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






18. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






19. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






21. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






22. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






23. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






24. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






25. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






26. 40% body weight






27. 30% body weight






28. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






29. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






30. 40 ml/kg/day






31. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






32. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






33. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






34. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






35. 50 m;/kg/day






36. Lower eyelid






37. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






38. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






39. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






40. Changes in body weight over time.






41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






44. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






45. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






46. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






47. Lateral neck skin






48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






49. 70% body weight






50. The loss of intravascular fluid.