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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






2. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






3. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






4. The loss of intravascular fluid.






5. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






6. 50 m;/kg/day






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






9. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






10. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






11. 6% body weight






12. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






13. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






14. Total body water






15. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






16. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






17. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






18. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






19. Interstitial fluid + blood






20. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






21. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






23. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






25. Lateral neck skin






26. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






27. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






28. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






29. Lower eyelid






30. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






31. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






32. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






33. Potential for transfusion reactions.






34. 40% body weight






35. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






36. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






37. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






38. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






39. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






40. 70% body weight






41. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






42. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






43. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






44. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






45. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






46. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






47. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






48. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






49. Albumin






50. 4 ml/kg IV bolus