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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






2. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






3. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






5. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






6. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






7. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






8. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






10. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






11. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






12. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






13. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






14. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






15. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






18. The loss of intravascular fluid.






19. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






20. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






21. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






22. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






25. Urinary -fecal






26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






27. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






28. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






29. 40% body weight






30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






31. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






32. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






34. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






35. 50 m;/kg/day






36. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






37. The concentration of effective osmoles.






38. Extracellular water + intracellular water






39. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






40. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






41. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






42. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






43. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






44. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






46. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






47. Changes in body weight over time.






48. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






49. 70% body weight






50. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.