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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






2. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






3. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






4. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






5. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






8. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






9. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






10. 40 ml/kg/day






11. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






12. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






13. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






15. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






16. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






17. Potential for transfusion reactions.






18. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






19. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






20. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






21. 70% body weight






22. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






23. 50 m;/kg/day






24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






25. Albumin






26. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






27. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






28. Extracellular water + intracellular water






29. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






30. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






31. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






32. 40% body weight






33. Total body water






34. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






35. 5% body weight






36. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






37. Changes in body weight over time.






38. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






39. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






40. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






41. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






42. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






44. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






45. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






46. 30% body weight






47. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






48. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






50. 20 to 25 mmHG