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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
normal osmolality of body fluid
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
dehydration
2. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
insensible losses
skin elasticity test
hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
4. 20% body weight
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
ICF is small animals
ECF in small animal adults
5. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
hypotonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
tonicity
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
6. 20 to 25 mmHG
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
normal vascular oncotic pressure
advantages of the SC route of administration
7. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
adverse effects of canine plasma
goals of fluid resuscitation
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
8. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
blood volume in adults
categorizations of crystalloids
ineffective osmole
9. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
goals of fluid resuscitation
traditional shock dose
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
10. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
signs of hypovolemia
indications for canine plasma
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance water requirement
11. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
indications for canine plasma
insensible losses
12. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
law of electroneutrality
shock does for hetastarch
13. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
total body water (TBW)
properties of isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
anion gap
14. Changes in body weight over time.
traditional shock dose
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hydration parameters for physical examone
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
15. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
16. 40% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
iso-omolality of the body
17. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
alkalinizing crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
categorizations of crystalloids
18. The loss of intravascular fluid.
sodium
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypovolemia
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
19. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in adults
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
anion gap
20. 300 mosm/L
Vetstarch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
normal osmolality of body fluid
tonicity
21. Interstitial fluid + blood
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
22. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
hypovolemia
acidifying crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
interstitial fluid
23. Albumin
maintenance for a normal adult horse
most important colloid in the blood
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
24. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
dehydration
hypovolemia
signs of hypovolemia
25. 4% body weight
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
complications of the SC route of administration
26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
general properties of crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
27. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
mucous membrane moistness
28. Urinary -fecal
normal osmolality of body fluid
sensible fluid losses
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
29. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
canine plasma
hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
30. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
complications of catheterization
blood volume in adults
31. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
acidifying crystalloids
dehydration
alkalinizing crystalloids
32. 70% body weight
normal vascular oncotic pressure
effective osmoles
indications for canine plasma
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
33. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
ICF is small animals
typical uses for IO route of administration
34. Potential for transfusion reactions.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ineffective osmole
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of canine plasma
35. 60% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult dog
categorizations of crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
TBW in adults
36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
hydration parameters for physical examone
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
bloodwork changes and dehydration
37. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
traditional shock dose
insensible losses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
dehydration
38. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
ECF in small animal adults
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hypertonic crystalloids
39. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
adverse effects of canine plasma
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
40. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
Vetstarch
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
41. Extracellular water + intracellular water
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
total body water (TBW)
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
43. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
ECF in small animal adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
interstitial fluid
44. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
maintenance for a normal adult dog
45. 5% body weight
potassium
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
plasma volume in adults
bloodwork changes and dehydration
46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
iso-omolality of the body
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
47. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
shock dose for hypertonic saline
typical uses for IO route of administration
complications of the SC route of administration
total osmolality
48. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
adverse effects of canine plasma
complications of the SC route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
traditional shock dose
49. 6% body weight
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of canine plasma
blood volume in cats
50. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
sensible fluid losses
law of electroneutrality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle