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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






2. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






3. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






4. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






5. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






6. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






7. 40% body weight






8. Extracellular water + intracellular water






9. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






10. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






11. Changes in body weight over time.






12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






13. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






14. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






15. 20% body weight






16. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






17. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






18. Interstitial fluid + blood






19. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






20. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






21. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






26. 40% body weight






27. The concentration of effective osmoles.






28. 50 m;/kg/day






29. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






30. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






31. Potential for transfusion reactions.






32. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






33. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






34. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






35. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






36. 60% body weight






37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






38. 8% body weight






39. Albumin






40. Sodium and associated anions






41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






42. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






43. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






44. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






45. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






46. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






47. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






48. 40 ml/kg/day






49. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






50. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative