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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
effective osmoles
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
ECF in large animal adults
2. 8% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
blood volume in adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
3. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
hypovolemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
4. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
typical uses for IV route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
anion gap
shock does for hetastarch
5. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
effective osmoles
maintenance for a normal adult dog
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypotonic crystalloids
6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
alkalinizing crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
7. 30% body weight
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
skin elasticity test
shock does for hetastarch
ICF in large animals
8. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
total osmolality
maintenance water requirement
canine plasma
sensible fluid losses
10. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
signs of hypovolemia
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
11. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
osmolality
most important colloid in the blood
12. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
goals of fluid resuscitation
total body water (TBW)
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hypertonic crystalloids
13. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
sodium
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
14. Total body water
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
normal osmolality of body fluid
iso-omolality of the body
15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
phases of a fluid therapy plan
plasma volume in cats
iso-omolality of the body
hypertonic crystalloids
16. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
primary effect of colloids
total body water (TBW)
dehydration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
17. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
primary effect of colloids
ICF is small animals
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
18. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
sensible fluid losses
iso-omolality of the body
19. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in small animal adults
potassium
tonicity
20. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
normal osmolality of body fluid
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
edema
21. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult horse
Vetstarch
22. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
total osmolality
insensible losses
anion gap
normal osmolality of body fluid
23. 300 mosm/L
alkalinizing crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
shock does for hetastarch
24. 70% body weight
effective osmoles
types of the fluids used for maintenance
ECF in small animal adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
tonicity
ineffective osmole
26. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
blood volume in cats
law of electroneutrality
plasma volume in cats
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
27. Albumin
blood volume in cats
mucous membrane moistness
complications of catheterization
most important colloid in the blood
28. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
29. 20 to 25 mmHG
advantages of the IO route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
ineffective osmole
indications for canine plasma
30. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
advantages of the IV route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
ECF in large animal adults
hydroxyethyl starch
31. The loss of intravascular fluid.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydroxyethyl starch
traditional shock dose
hypovolemia
32. 30% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
dehydration
hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
33. Sodium and associated anions
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
TBW in adults
most important colloid in the blood
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
insensible losses
hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
35. Extracellular water + intracellular water
canine plasma
skin elasticity test
iso-omolality of the body
total body water (TBW)
36. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
blood volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
37. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ECF in large animal adults
primary effect of colloids
38. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
mucous membrane moistness
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cat
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
40. 4% body weight
complications of catheterization
total osmolality
plasma volume in cats
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
41. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
42. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
interstitial fluid
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
law of electroneutrality
total body water (TBW)
43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
Vetstarch
44. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
iso-omolality of the body
primary effect of colloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
45. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
sodium
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
plasma volume in cats
46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
47. Changes in body weight over time.
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
skin elasticity test
48. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
normal vascular oncotic pressure
tonicity
hydroxyethyl starch
49. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
ECF in small animal adults
extracellular fluid (ECF)
50. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)