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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






2. The loss of intravascular fluid.






3. 40% body weight






4. 5% body weight






5. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






6. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






7. Interstitial fluid + blood






8. Changes in body weight over time.






9. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






10. Albumin






11. 70% body weight






12. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






13. 20 to 25 mmHG






14. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






15. 40 ml/kg/day






16. 50 m;/kg/day






17. Sodium and associated anions






18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






19. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






20. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






21. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






22. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






23. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






26. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






27. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






28. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






29. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






30. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






31. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






32. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






33. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






34. Lower eyelid






35. 6% body weight






36. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






37. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






38. 30% body weight






39. Total body water






40. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






41. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






42. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






43. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






44. Lateral neck skin






45. 4% body weight






46. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






47. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






48. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






49. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






50. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.