Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






2. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






3. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






4. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






5. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






8. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






9. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






10. Sodium and associated anions






11. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






12. 30% body weight






13. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






14. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






15. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






16. Lower eyelid






17. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






18. 40% body weight






19. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






20. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






21. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






23. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






24. 30% body weight






25. Urinary -fecal






26. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






28. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






29. 20 to 25 mmHG






30. Interstitial fluid + blood






31. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






32. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






33. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






34. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






35. Extracellular water + intracellular water






36. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






37. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






38. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






39. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






40. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






41. 20% body weight






42. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






43. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






44. Albumin






45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






46. 60% body weight






47. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






48. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






49. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






50. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75