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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






2. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






4. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






5. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






6. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






7. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






8. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






9. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






10. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






11. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






12. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






15. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






16. 4% body weight






17. 70% body weight






18. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






19. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






20. 70% body weight






21. 30% body weight






22. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






23. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. Total body water






26. 30% body weight






27. The loss of intravascular fluid.






28. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






29. 20% body weight






30. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






31. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






32. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






33. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






34. Changes in body weight over time.






35. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






37. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






38. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






39. Lower eyelid






40. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






41. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






42. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






44. Interstitial fluid + blood






45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






46. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






48. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






49. 300 mosm/L






50. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body