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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 4% body weight






2. 70% body weight






3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






4. 40% body weight






5. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






6. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






7. 8% body weight






8. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






10. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






11. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






13. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






14. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






15. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






16. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






17. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






18. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






19. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






20. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






21. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






22. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






23. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






24. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






25. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






26. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






27. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






28. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






29. Urinary -fecal






30. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






31. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






32. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






33. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






34. The loss of intravascular fluid.






35. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






36. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






37. Sodium and associated anions






38. 20% body weight






39. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






40. The concentration of effective osmoles.






41. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






42. Extracellular water + intracellular water






43. Lateral neck skin






44. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






45. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






46. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






47. 6% body weight






48. 40 ml/kg/day






49. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






50. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)