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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20 to 25 mmHG






2. 40 ml/kg/day






3. 60% body weight






4. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






5. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






6. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






7. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






8. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






9. Total body water






10. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






11. 50 m;/kg/day






12. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






13. 30% body weight






14. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






15. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






17. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






18. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






19. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






20. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






21. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






22. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






23. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






24. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






25. 30% body weight






26. 40% body weight






27. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






28. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






29. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






30. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






31. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






32. 300 mosm/L






33. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






34. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






35. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






36. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






37. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






38. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






39. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






40. Lower eyelid






41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






42. 6% body weight






43. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Albumin






45. 8% body weight






46. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






47. 4% body weight






48. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






49. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






50. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.