SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
2. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
total osmolality
iso-omolality of the body
acidifying crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
complications of catheterization
sensible fluid losses
Vetstarch
4. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
sensible fluid losses
maintenance for a normal adult horse
5. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
6. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
maintenance for a normal adult cat
complications of catheterization
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
categorizations of crystalloids
7. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
goals of fluid resuscitation
categorizations of crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
8. 20% body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ECF in small animal adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
9. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
properties of isotonic crystalloids
10. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
categorizations of crystalloids
11. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
12. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
typical uses for IV route of administration
canine plasma
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of canine plasma
13. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hypertonic crystalloids
canine plasma
14. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
advantages of the SC route of administration
effective osmoles
ECF in large animal adults
15. 6% body weight
Vetstarch
categorizations of crystalloids
blood volume in cats
traditional shock dose
16. The loss of intravascular fluid.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
complications of the SC route of administration
hypovolemia
blood volume in cats
17. 70% body weight
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
potassium
18. 40% body weight
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
advantages of the IO route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
total osmolality
effective osmoles
20. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
mucous membrane moistness
21. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
sodium
properties of isotonic crystalloids
maintenance water requirement
22. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
TBW in adults
traditional shock dose
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
23. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
indications for canine plasma
Vetstarch
alkalinizing crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
24. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
advantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
25. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
phases of a fluid therapy plan
complications of catheterization
adverse effects of canine plasma
indications for canine plasma
26. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
insensible losses
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
typical uses for IO route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
27. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
plasma volume in cats
canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
28. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
canine plasma
dehydration
29. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
Vetstarch
insensible losses
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
edema
30. 5% body weight
signs of hypovolemia
plasma volume in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
31. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
tonicity
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
acidifying crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
32. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
33. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
blood volume in cats
ECF in small animal adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
34. 300 mosm/L
signs of hypovolemia
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
normal osmolality of body fluid
35. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
interstitial fluid
goals of fluid resuscitation
advantages of the IO route of administration
36. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
goal of maintenance fluids
total osmolality
iso-omolality of the body
signs of hypovolemia
37. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
38. 40% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
39. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
law of electroneutrality
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
Vetstarch
shock dose for hypertonic saline
40. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
ICF in large animals
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
sodium
ECF in large animal adults
41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
skin elasticity test
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
primary effect of colloids
42. Potential for transfusion reactions.
alkalinizing crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of canine plasma
43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
sodium
effective osmoles
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
law of electroneutrality
44. 70% body weight
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
45. Albumin
primary effect of colloids
most important colloid in the blood
Vetstarch
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
46. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
iso-omolality of the body
47. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
48. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
signs of hypovolemia
skin elasticity test
ECF in large animal adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
49. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
ICF is small animals
traditional shock dose
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
50. 8% body weight
insensible losses
acidifying crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
blood volume in adults