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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
ICF in large animals
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
general properties of crystalloids
2. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
total body water (TBW)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
plasma volume in cats
complications of catheterization
3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
ECF in large animal adults
goal of maintenance fluids
goals of fluid resuscitation
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
4. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
goal of maintenance fluids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
5. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
potassium
6. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
sodium
traditional shock dose
hypovolemia
7. 70% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
edema
iso-omolality of the body
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
8. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hydroxyethyl starch
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
effective osmoles
10. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
phases of a fluid therapy plan
sensible fluid losses
typical uses for IO route of administration
11. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
advantages of the IO route of administration
12. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
normal osmolality of body fluid
indications for canine plasma
13. Sodium and associated anions
adverse effects of canine plasma
canine plasma
general properties of crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
14. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
anion gap
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
mucous membrane moistness
15. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
advantages of the SC route of administration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
adverse effects of canine plasma
primary effect of colloids
sensible fluid losses
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
17. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
advantages of the IV route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
goal of maintenance fluids
18. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
typical uses for IV route of administration
blood volume in cats
19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
ineffective osmole
phases of a fluid therapy plan
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
20. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
ECF in large animal adults
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
law of electroneutrality
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
21. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
advantages of the IV route of administration
osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
22. 300 mosm/L
ECF in large animal adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hydration parameters for physical examone
23. 70% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
24. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
maintenance for a normal adult dog
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ineffective osmole
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
25. Lateral neck skin
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
effective osmoles
traditional shock dose
26. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
27. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
blood volume in adults
indications for canine plasma
28. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
typical uses for IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
29. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
signs of hypovolemia
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult cow
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
30. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
alkalinizing crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
31. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
blood volume in cats
sodium
anion gap
types of the fluids used for maintenance
32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
33. 50 m;/kg/day
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult cow
indications for canine plasma
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
34. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
maintenance for a normal adult horse
indications for canine plasma
advantages of the SC route of administration
anion gap
35. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
36. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
law of electroneutrality
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
edema
37. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
total osmolality
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
38. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
categorizations of crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
tonicity
39. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
40. Total body water
indications for canine plasma
ineffective osmole
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
advantages of the IV route of administration
interstitial fluid
skin elasticity test
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IV route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
43. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
acidifying crystalloids
44. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
complications of catheterization
traditional shock dose
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
maintenance for a normal adult cow
45. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
46. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
alkalinizing crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
47. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
advantages of the IV route of administration
48. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
effective osmoles
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
49. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
ICF in large animals
plasma volume in adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
50. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
advantages of the IO route of administration
insensible losses
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution