Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






2. 60% body weight






3. 30% body weight






4. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






5. Potential for transfusion reactions.






6. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






10. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






11. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






12. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






13. Total body water






14. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






15. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






16. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






17. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






18. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






19. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






20. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






21. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






22. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






23. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






24. Lower eyelid






25. 20% body weight






26. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






27. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






28. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






29. 20 to 25 mmHG






30. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






31. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






32. 4% body weight






33. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






34. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






35. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






36. Urinary -fecal






37. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






38. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






39. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






40. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






41. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






42. Sodium and associated anions






43. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






44. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






45. Albumin






46. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






47. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






48. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






49. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






50. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.