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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
2. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
3. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
blood volume in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
insensible losses
4. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
total body water (TBW)
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
categorizations of crystalloids
5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
insensible losses
goals of fluid resuscitation
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hypovolemia
6. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
maintenance water requirement
total osmolality
osmolality
7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
sensible fluid losses
shock dose for hypertonic saline
categorizations of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
8. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
advantages of the SC route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
9. Potential for transfusion reactions.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
adverse effects of canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
sensible fluid losses
hydration parameters for physical examone
dehydration
hypertonic crystalloids
11. 5% body weight
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults
ECF in small animal adults
12. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hypovolemia
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
13. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult horse
iso-omolality of the body
plasma volume in adults
14. Albumin
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
most important colloid in the blood
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
15. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
law of electroneutrality
dehydration
categorizations of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
16. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
ICF is small animals
TBW in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
17. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
18. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
Vetstarch
goal of maintenance fluids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
canine plasma
19. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
20. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
ineffective osmole
21. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
22. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
law of electroneutrality
goals of fluid resuscitation
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
23. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
blood volume in cats
goals of fluid resuscitation
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
24. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
shock does for hetastarch
goals of fluid resuscitation
types of the fluids used for maintenance
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
25. 30% body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ECF in large animal adults
26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of isotonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
effective osmoles
27. 50 m;/kg/day
edema
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
maintenance for a normal adult cow
28. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
effective osmoles
29. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
goals of fluid resuscitation
extracellular fluid (ECF)
anion gap
30. 40% body weight
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
anion gap
31. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
complications of catheterization
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
extracellular fluid (ECF)
bloodwork changes and dehydration
32. 8% body weight
total body water (TBW)
maintenance water requirement
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
blood volume in adults
33. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
34. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
primary effect of colloids
maintenance water requirement
35. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
indications for canine plasma
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
total osmolality
complications of the SC route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
37. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
total body water (TBW)
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
advantages of the IV route of administration
38. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
effective osmoles
law of electroneutrality
insensible losses
tonicity
39. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
40. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
goal of maintenance fluids
41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ICF in large animals
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
phases of a fluid therapy plan
42. 60% body weight
law of electroneutrality
hypovolemia
complications of the SC route of administration
TBW in adults
43. Interstitial fluid + blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
plasma volume in cats
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult cat
44. 300 mosm/L
blood volume in adults
tonicity
maintenance water requirement
normal osmolality of body fluid
45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
ICF in large animals
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
46. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
maintenance for a normal adult dog
effective osmoles
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
potassium
47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
sodium
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
total osmolality
edema
48. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
ineffective osmole
49. 40% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
properties of isotonic crystalloids
50. 30% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypovolemia
ICF in large animals