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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






2. Changes in body weight over time.






3. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






5. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






6. Total body water






7. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






8. The loss of intravascular fluid.






9. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






10. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






11. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






12. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






13. Potential for transfusion reactions.






14. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






15. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






16. 60% body weight






17. 40 ml/kg/day






18. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






19. 4% body weight






20. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






22. 6% body weight






23. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






24. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






25. Urinary -fecal






26. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






27. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






28. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






29. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






30. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






31. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






32. 5% body weight






33. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






34. 70% body weight






35. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






36. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






37. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






38. 50 m;/kg/day






39. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






42. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






43. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






44. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






45. Lateral neck skin






46. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






47. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






48. 40% body weight






49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






50. 4 ml/kg IV bolus