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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






2. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






3. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






4. Potential for transfusion reactions.






5. 20% body weight






6. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






7. Interstitial fluid + blood






8. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






9. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






10. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






12. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






13. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






14. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






15. 5% body weight






16. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






17. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






18. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






19. 40 ml/kg/day






20. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






21. 70% body weight






22. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






23. 40% body weight






24. The loss of intravascular fluid.






25. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






26. The concentration of effective osmoles.






27. Total body water






28. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






29. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






30. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






31. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






32. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






33. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






34. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






35. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






36. 40% body weight






37. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






38. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






39. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






40. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






41. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






42. Sodium and associated anions






43. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






44. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






45. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






46. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






47. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






48. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






49. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






50. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS