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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






2. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






3. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






4. 50 m;/kg/day






5. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






6. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






7. The concentration of effective osmoles.






8. Sodium and associated anions






9. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






10. 40% body weight






11. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






12. 8% body weight






13. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






14. 40 ml/kg/day






15. Albumin






16. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






17. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






18. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






19. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






20. 20 to 25 mmHG






21. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






23. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. 30% body weight






26. Lower eyelid






27. The loss of intravascular fluid.






28. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






29. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






30. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






32. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






33. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






34. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






35. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






36. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






38. Potential for transfusion reactions.






39. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






40. 40% body weight






41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






42. Interstitial fluid + blood






43. 70% body weight






44. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






45. Lateral neck skin






46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






47. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






48. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






49. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






50. Urinary -fecal