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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
traditional shock dose
goals of fluid resuscitation
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
2. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
ECF in small animal adults
plasma volume in cats
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
3. Interstitial fluid + blood
maintenance for a normal adult horse
interstitial fluid
alkalinizing crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
4. Albumin
law of electroneutrality
most important colloid in the blood
alkalinizing crystalloids
traditional shock dose
5. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
properties of isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult dog
6. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
dehydration
hypotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
law of electroneutrality
7. 30% body weight
insensible losses
ECF in large animal adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
8. 60% body weight
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
general properties of crystalloids
effective osmoles
9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
maintenance for a normal adult cow
shock dose for hypertonic saline
complications of catheterization
blood volume in adults
10. 40% body weight
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
categorizations of crystalloids
ICF is small animals
effective osmoles
11. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
maintenance for a normal adult dog
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch
sodium
12. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
insensible losses
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
complications of the SC route of administration
13. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
complications of catheterization
hydration parameters for physical examone
canine plasma
ICF is small animals
14. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
sensible fluid losses
typical uses for IO route of administration
15. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
hydroxyethyl starch
general properties of crystalloids
anion gap
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
16. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
17. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
law of electroneutrality
hypovolemia
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
18. 30% body weight
TBW in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
most important colloid in the blood
ICF in large animals
19. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult horse
goals of fluid resuscitation
20. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult dog
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult cow
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
21. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
insensible losses
properties of isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
22. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
shock does for hetastarch
traditional shock dose
mucous membrane moistness
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
23. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance water requirement
blood volume in adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
insensible losses
24. 300 mosm/L
ICF in large animals
normal osmolality of body fluid
indications for canine plasma
tonicity
25. Total body water
indications for canine plasma
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
sodium
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
26. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
TBW in adults
advantages of the IV route of administration
typical uses for IO route of administration
27. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
effective osmoles
complications of the SC route of administration
ICF in large animals
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
28. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
general properties of crystalloids
edema
insensible losses
total osmolality
29. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
edema
ECF in small animal adults
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
30. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
iso-omolality of the body
interstitial fluid
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
31. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
32. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
bloodwork changes and dehydration
blood volume in adults
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
33. Potential for transfusion reactions.
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in adults
adverse effects of canine plasma
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
34. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
advantages of the IO route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of canine plasma
types of the fluids used for maintenance
35. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
hypovolemia
canine plasma
36. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
37. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
maintenance water requirement
potassium
maintenance for a normal adult dog
38. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
phases of a fluid therapy plan
plasma volume in adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
39. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
bloodwork changes and dehydration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
adverse effects of canine plasma
40. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
law of electroneutrality
41. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
typical uses for IV route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
42. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
typical uses for IO route of administration
complications of catheterization
dehydration
advantages of the IO route of administration
43. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
anion gap
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
44. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hypovolemia
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
45. Extracellular water + intracellular water
indications for canine plasma
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
alkalinizing crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
maintenance for a normal adult horse
total body water (TBW)
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
47. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
effective osmoles
complications of the SC route of administration
acidifying crystalloids
48. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
maintenance for a normal adult cat
advantages of the SC route of administration
TBW in adults
tonicity
49. Changes in body weight over time.
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
tonicity
ICF in large animals
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
50. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
total osmolality
maintenance water requirement
complications of the SC route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
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