Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 300 mosm/L






2. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






3. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






4. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






5. 60% body weight






6. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






7. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






8. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






9. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. 30% body weight






12. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






13. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






14. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






15. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






16. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






17. 6% body weight






18. 30% body weight






19. 40% body weight






20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






21. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






22. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






23. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






24. 20 to 25 mmHG






25. Sodium and associated anions






26. 70% body weight






27. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






28. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






30. 40% body weight






31. Potential for transfusion reactions.






32. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






33. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






34. 5% body weight






35. 70% body weight






36. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






37. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






38. 50 m;/kg/day






39. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






40. 40 ml/kg/day






41. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






42. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






43. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






44. Extracellular water + intracellular water






45. 20% body weight






46. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






47. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






48. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






49. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






50. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)