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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






3. Extracellular water + intracellular water






4. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






5. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






6. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






7. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






8. 4% body weight






9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






10. 70% body weight






11. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






12. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






13. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






14. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






15. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






16. 30% body weight






17. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






18. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






20. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






21. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






23. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






24. Potential for transfusion reactions.






25. 8% body weight






26. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






27. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






28. Urinary -fecal






29. 20% body weight






30. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






31. Albumin






32. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






33. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






34. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






36. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






37. 40 ml/kg/day






38. 30% body weight






39. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






40. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






41. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






42. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






43. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






44. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






45. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






46. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






47. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






48. Total body water






49. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






50. 6% body weight







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