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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
TBW in adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
effective osmoles
2. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
advantages of the IV route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
3. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
goals of fluid resuscitation
blood volume in cats
primary effect of colloids
4. The loss of intravascular fluid.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
complications of catheterization
hydroxyethyl starch
5. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
most important colloid in the blood
hypotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
6. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
interstitial fluid
7. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
sensible fluid losses
edema
hydration parameters for physical examone
insensible losses
8. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
ECF in large animal adults
dehydration
9. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
sodium
normal osmolality of body fluid
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
10. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
typical uses for IO route of administration
hypovolemia
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids
11. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ECF in large animal adults
hypotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
12. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
typical uses for IV route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
13. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
14. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
ICF is small animals
hydroxyethyl starch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
15. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
indications for canine plasma
advantages of the IV route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
16. 40% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
goals of fluid resuscitation
adverse effects of canine plasma
ICF is small animals
17. Lateral neck skin
maintenance for a normal adult dog
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
osmolality
18. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
total osmolality
19. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
normal osmolality of body fluid
ineffective osmole
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
20. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
signs of hypovolemia
typical uses for IV route of administration
21. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
skin elasticity test
goal of maintenance fluids
iso-omolality of the body
mucous membrane moistness
22. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
anion gap
goal of maintenance fluids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
23. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
traditional shock dose
TBW in adults
skin elasticity test
24. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
shock does for hetastarch
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ICF in large animals
hypovolemia
25. 70% body weight
tonicity
complications of catheterization
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
typical uses for IO route of administration
26. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
edema
27. 70% body weight
osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
insensible losses
28. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
ineffective osmole
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
29. Potential for transfusion reactions.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
adverse effects of canine plasma
30. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
types of the fluids used for maintenance
indications for canine plasma
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
31. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
canine plasma
32. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
dehydration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
insensible losses
33. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
hydration parameters for physical examone
complications of the SC route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
categorizations of crystalloids
34. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult cow
plasma volume in cats
35. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
law of electroneutrality
dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
potassium
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
goal of maintenance fluids
typical uses for IO route of administration
37. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
38. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
canine plasma
blood volume in cats
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
39. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
shock does for hetastarch
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
40. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
edema
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hypovolemia
41. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
bloodwork changes and dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
tonicity
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
42. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
43. 30% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
advantages of the SC route of administration
ICF in large animals
adverse effects of canine plasma
44. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
osmolality
goals of fluid resuscitation
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
45. 20% body weight
insensible losses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
ECF in small animal adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
46. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
maintenance for a normal adult dog
primary effect of colloids
ECF in large animal adults
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
47. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ICF in large animals
sodium
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
48. 6% body weight
interstitial fluid
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
normal vascular oncotic pressure
blood volume in cats
49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
canine plasma
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
50. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
advantages of the SC route of administration
total body water (TBW)
primary effect of colloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF