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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






2. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






3. 5% body weight






4. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






5. Extracellular water + intracellular water






6. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






7. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






8. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






9. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






10. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






11. Lateral neck skin






12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






13. Total body water






14. The concentration of effective osmoles.






15. Changes in body weight over time.






16. 30% body weight






17. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






18. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






19. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






20. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






21. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






22. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






23. 70% body weight






24. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






25. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






26. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






27. 40% body weight






28. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






29. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






30. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






31. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






32. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






34. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






35. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






36. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






37. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






38. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






39. Albumin






40. 20% body weight






41. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






42. Lower eyelid






43. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






44. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






46. The loss of intravascular fluid.






47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






49. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






50. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr