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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles.






2. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






4. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






5. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






6. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






7. 70% body weight






8. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






10. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






11. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






12. 40 ml/kg/day






13. Sodium and associated anions






14. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






15. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






17. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






18. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






19. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






20. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






21. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






22. 300 mosm/L






23. 70% body weight






24. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






25. Lateral neck skin






26. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






27. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






28. Albumin






29. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






30. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






31. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. 50 m;/kg/day






34. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






35. Urinary -fecal






36. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






37. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






38. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






39. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






40. Total body water






41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






44. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






45. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






46. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






47. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






48. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






49. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






50. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes