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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






2. 70% body weight






3. 40% body weight






4. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






6. 4% body weight






7. Extracellular water + intracellular water






8. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






9. 300 mosm/L






10. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






11. Total body water






12. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






13. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






14. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






15. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






16. Potential for transfusion reactions.






17. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






18. Albumin






19. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






20. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






21. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






23. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






24. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






25. Urinary -fecal






26. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






27. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. 50 m;/kg/day






30. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






31. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






32. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






33. 20% body weight






34. Interstitial fluid + blood






35. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






36. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






37. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






38. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






39. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






40. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






41. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






42. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






43. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






44. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






45. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






46. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






47. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






48. 20 to 25 mmHG






49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






50. Lateral neck skin