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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
law of electroneutrality
plasma volume in cats
normal osmolality of body fluid
general properties of crystalloids
2. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
alkalinizing crystalloids
3. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
canine plasma
normal osmolality of body fluid
edema
4. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
interstitial fluid
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
canine plasma
5. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
goals of fluid resuscitation
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
complications of catheterization
6. 70% body weight
plasma volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult horse
primary effect of colloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
7. Sodium and associated anions
skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
mucous membrane moistness
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
8. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
interstitial fluid
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
insensible losses
normal osmolality of body fluid
9. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
ICF is small animals
plasma volume in cats
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
effective osmoles
10. 300 mosm/L
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cat
normal osmolality of body fluid
11. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
hydration parameters for physical examone
TBW in adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
12. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
effective osmoles
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hydroxyethyl starch
bloodwork changes and dehydration
13. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
law of electroneutrality
tonicity
signs of hypovolemia
14. Lateral neck skin
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
15. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
advantages of the SC route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
primary effect of colloids
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance water requirement
17. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
advantages of the IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
categorizations of crystalloids
18. Interstitial fluid + blood
insensible losses
osmolality
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hydration parameters for physical examone
19. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cat
maintenance for a normal adult horse
advantages of the IO route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
sodium
advantages of the IV route of administration
21. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
advantages of the SC route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
blood volume in cats
edema
22. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
blood volume in adults
effective osmoles
23. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
maintenance for a normal adult cat
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
24. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
hydration parameters for physical examone
signs of hypovolemia
total body water (TBW)
25. 70% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult cat
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
26. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
adverse effects of canine plasma
sodium
indications for canine plasma
ineffective osmole
27. 50 m;/kg/day
mucous membrane moistness
hydroxyethyl starch
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
28. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
sensible fluid losses
ineffective osmole
29. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
ECF in large animal adults
ineffective osmole
normal vascular oncotic pressure
30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hydration parameters for physical examone
31. 20 to 25 mmHG
anion gap
hypertonic crystalloids
potassium
normal vascular oncotic pressure
32. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
complications of the SC route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
33. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
general properties of crystalloids
skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cow
34. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
shock does for hetastarch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
shock dose for hypertonic saline
35. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
blood volume in adults
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
interstitial fluid
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
37. Urinary -fecal
total body water (TBW)
sensible fluid losses
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
38. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
insensible losses
typical uses for IO route of administration
plasma volume in adults
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
39. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
traditional shock dose
phases of a fluid therapy plan
properties of isotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
40. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
properties of isotonic crystalloids
41. Albumin
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
most important colloid in the blood
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
42. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
maintenance for a normal adult cow
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
43. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
44. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
blood volume in adults
45. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
46. 20% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
total osmolality
ECF in small animal adults
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
47. 60% body weight
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
48. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
effective osmoles
traditional shock dose
canine plasma
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
50. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
hypovolemia
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
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