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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






2. Urinary -fecal






3. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






4. 4% body weight






5. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






6. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






7. 60% body weight






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






10. Albumin






11. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






12. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






13. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






14. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






15. 30% body weight






16. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






17. Extracellular water + intracellular water






18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






19. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






20. 40 ml/kg/day






21. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






22. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






23. 30% body weight






24. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






25. The concentration of effective osmoles.






26. 70% body weight






27. Sodium and associated anions






28. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






29. 50 m;/kg/day






30. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






31. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






32. 8% body weight






33. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






34. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






35. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






36. 70% body weight






37. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






38. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






39. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






40. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






41. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






42. 40% body weight






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






45. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






47. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






49. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






50. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia