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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
TBW in adults
hypovolemia
ineffective osmole
types of the fluids used for maintenance
2. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
complications of catheterization
categorizations of crystalloids
total osmolality
3. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
primary effect of colloids
most important colloid in the blood
potassium
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
4. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
5. 20% body weight
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the SC route of administration
canine plasma
ECF in small animal adults
6. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
anion gap
advantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
7. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
ICF in large animals
blood volume in cats
8. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
total body water (TBW)
alkalinizing crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
9. The loss of intravascular fluid.
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
sensible fluid losses
hypovolemia
ICF is small animals
10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
hypovolemia
typical uses for IO route of administration
11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
primary effect of colloids
hydroxyethyl starch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
typical uses for IV route of administration
12. 40% body weight
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance water requirement
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
13. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
complications of catheterization
complications of the SC route of administration
14. Total body water
primary effect of colloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
iso-omolality of the body
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
15. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
hypertonic crystalloids
16. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
normal vascular oncotic pressure
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
ICF in large animals
17. 40 ml/kg/day
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
maintenance for a normal adult horse
typical uses for IV route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
18. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
Vetstarch
19. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
bloodwork changes and dehydration
20. 30% body weight
normal vascular oncotic pressure
ECF in large animal adults
anion gap
potassium
21. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hydration parameters for physical examone
general properties of crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
22. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
shock does for hetastarch
23. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
total osmolality
properties of isotonic crystalloids
24. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
typical uses for IO route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
25. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
tonicity
types of the fluids used for maintenance
26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
27. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
types of the fluids used for maintenance
ECF in large animal adults
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
phases of a fluid therapy plan
28. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
canine plasma
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
29. Extracellular water + intracellular water
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
total body water (TBW)
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
30. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
dehydration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
31. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
acidifying crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
dehydration
32. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
properties of isotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
types of the fluids used for maintenance
primary effect of colloids
33. 6% body weight
insensible losses
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
34. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
goals of fluid resuscitation
categorizations of crystalloids
ICF in large animals
35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypovolemia
goal of maintenance fluids
iso-omolality of the body
36. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
edema
37. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
Vetstarch
38. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
iso-omolality of the body
law of electroneutrality
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
39. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
total body water (TBW)
alkalinizing crystalloids
skin elasticity test
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
40. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
hydroxyethyl starch
law of electroneutrality
traditional shock dose
sodium
41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
total body water (TBW)
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
42. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
ICF in large animals
TBW in adults
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult dog
43. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
typical uses for IO route of administration
primary effect of colloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
44. 300 mosm/L
ECF in small animal adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
normal vascular oncotic pressure
adverse effects of canine plasma
45. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
goals of fluid resuscitation
phases of a fluid therapy plan
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
46. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
typical uses for IV route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
47. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
acidifying crystalloids
48. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
hypotonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
canine plasma
mucous membrane moistness
49. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
hydration parameters for physical examone
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
categorizations of crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
50. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
potassium
properties of isotonic crystalloids