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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lateral neck skin






2. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






3. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






4. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






5. Interstitial fluid + blood






6. Lower eyelid






7. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






8. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






9. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






10. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






11. 60% body weight






12. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






13. Sodium and associated anions






14. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






15. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






16. 20% body weight






17. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






18. 40% body weight






19. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






20. Changes in body weight over time.






21. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






22. Potential for transfusion reactions.






23. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






24. 40% body weight






25. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






26. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






27. 4% body weight






28. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






29. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






30. 6% body weight






31. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






32. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






33. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






34. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






35. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






36. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






38. 300 mosm/L






39. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






40. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






41. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






42. Albumin






43. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






44. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






45. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






46. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






47. Extracellular water + intracellular water






48. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






49. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






50. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects







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