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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






2. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






3. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






4. 40% body weight






5. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






6. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






7. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






8. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






9. Extracellular water + intracellular water






10. 20 to 25 mmHG






11. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






12. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






13. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






14. Urinary -fecal






15. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. 70% body weight






18. 20% body weight






19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






20. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






21. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






22. 50 m;/kg/day






23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






25. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






26. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






27. Potential for transfusion reactions.






28. 30% body weight






29. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






31. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






34. 300 mosm/L






35. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






36. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






37. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






38. 6% body weight






39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






40. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






41. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






45. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






46. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






47. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






48. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






49. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






50. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss