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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






2. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






3. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






4. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






5. 30% body weight






6. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






7. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






8. 300 mosm/L






9. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






10. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






11. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






12. The loss of intravascular fluid.






13. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






14. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






15. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






16. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






17. 5% body weight






18. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






19. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






20. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






21. 30% body weight






22. Potential for transfusion reactions.






23. 6% body weight






24. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






25. 50 m;/kg/day






26. Total body water






27. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






28. Urinary -fecal






29. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






30. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






32. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






33. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






34. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






35. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






36. Interstitial fluid + blood






37. Lateral neck skin






38. 40% body weight






39. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






40. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






41. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






42. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






43. 4% body weight






44. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






45. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






46. Lower eyelid






47. 60% body weight






48. The concentration of effective osmoles.






49. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






50. 70% body weight