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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
effective osmoles
hydroxyethyl starch
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult cow
2. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
bloodwork changes and dehydration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
goal of maintenance fluids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
3. 40% body weight
general properties of crystalloids
anion gap
ICF is small animals
maintenance for a normal adult cow
4. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
edema
hypotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
5. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
effective osmoles
hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
6. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
tonicity
types of the fluids used for maintenance
skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
7. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
shock does for hetastarch
hydration parameters for physical examone
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
phases of a fluid therapy plan
8. Potential for transfusion reactions.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
categorizations of crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
adverse effects of canine plasma
9. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
alkalinizing crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
sodium
10. 20 to 25 mmHG
total osmolality
normal vascular oncotic pressure
blood volume in adults
iso-omolality of the body
11. 30% body weight
plasma volume in cats
ICF in large animals
goals of fluid resuscitation
mucous membrane moistness
12. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hypertonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
acidifying crystalloids
13. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
blood volume in cats
signs of hypovolemia
advantages of the IO route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
14. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
ineffective osmole
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
15. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
insensible losses
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
canine plasma
potassium
16. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IV route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
17. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
osmolality
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
18. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
typical uses for IV route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
osmolality
total body water (TBW)
19. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
maintenance for a normal adult dog
complications of the SC route of administration
20. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
primary effect of colloids
hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
21. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
skin elasticity test
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
22. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult cow
dehydration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
23. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
law of electroneutrality
typical uses for IO route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
24. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
goals of fluid resuscitation
effective osmoles
shock does for hetastarch
25. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
types of the fluids used for maintenance
bloodwork changes and dehydration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
26. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
27. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
blood volume in adults
total osmolality
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
28. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
indications for canine plasma
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
29. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
blood volume in adults
advantages of the IO route of administration
30. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
signs of hypovolemia
TBW in adults
bloodwork changes and dehydration
31. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
hypotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
Vetstarch
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
32. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
canine plasma
interstitial fluid
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
33. Lateral neck skin
maintenance water requirement
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
total body water (TBW)
blood volume in cats
34. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
35. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
36. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
total body water (TBW)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
37. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
edema
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
goals of fluid resuscitation
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
38. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
effective osmoles
indications for canine plasma
Vetstarch
osmolality
39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
advantages of the IO route of administration
traditional shock dose
Vetstarch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
40. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
properties of isotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
41. 30% body weight
tonicity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
ECF in large animal adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
42. The concentration of effective osmoles.
primary effect of colloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
tonicity
most important colloid in the blood
43. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
complications of catheterization
complications of the SC route of administration
44. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
categorizations of crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
45. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
phases of a fluid therapy plan
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
alkalinizing crystalloids
46. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
advantages of the IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
maintenance for a normal adult horse
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
47. Total body water
edema
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
48. 8% body weight
total body water (TBW)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
blood volume in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
blood volume in cats
insensible losses
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
50. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
general properties of crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydration parameters for physical examone