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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






2. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






3. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






4. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






5. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






6. 30% body weight






7. 40 ml/kg/day






8. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






9. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






10. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






12. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






13. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






14. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






15. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






16. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






17. 40% body weight






18. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






19. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






20. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






21. The loss of intravascular fluid.






22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






23. 70% body weight






24. 60% body weight






25. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






26. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






27. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






28. Lower eyelid






29. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






30. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






31. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






32. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






33. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






34. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






35. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






37. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






38. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






39. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






40. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






42. Interstitial fluid + blood






43. 20% body weight






44. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






45. 300 mosm/L






46. Extracellular water + intracellular water






47. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






48. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






49. Lateral neck skin






50. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation