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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 70% body weight
ICF is small animals
edema
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
goal of maintenance fluids
2. Potential for transfusion reactions.
ECF in large animal adults
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cow
types of the fluids used for maintenance
3. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
ICF in large animals
4. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
5. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
shock does for hetastarch
hydration parameters for physical examone
traditional shock dose
6. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
ECF in large animal adults
hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
7. 8% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
TBW in adults
8. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
traditional shock dose
bloodwork changes and dehydration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
complications of catheterization
9. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
goals of fluid resuscitation
normal osmolality of body fluid
traditional shock dose
10. 60% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
TBW in adults
11. Lateral neck skin
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
indications for canine plasma
categorizations of crystalloids
12. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
iso-omolality of the body
types of the fluids used for maintenance
alkalinizing crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
13. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
ICF in large animals
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
traditional shock dose
14. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
indications for canine plasma
15. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
ICF in large animals
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch
16. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
total body water (TBW)
extracellular fluid (ECF)
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
17. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
blood volume in cats
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
ineffective osmole
18. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
primary effect of colloids
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
19. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
advantages of the IV route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
20. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
iso-omolality of the body
ICF in large animals
law of electroneutrality
complications of catheterization
21. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
normal osmolality of body fluid
22. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
hypovolemia
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IO route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
23. Lower eyelid
TBW in adults
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
ICF is small animals
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
24. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
signs of hypovolemia
hypotonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
25. Sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
26. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
27. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
potassium
maintenance for a normal adult cow
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
mucous membrane moistness
28. 50 m;/kg/day
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
effective osmoles
maintenance for a normal adult cow
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
29. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
primary effect of colloids
general properties of crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
30. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
adverse effects of canine plasma
dehydration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
31. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
edema
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
sodium
32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
33. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
sensible fluid losses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
bloodwork changes and dehydration
34. Interstitial fluid + blood
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
35. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
types of the fluids used for maintenance
goal of maintenance fluids
shock does for hetastarch
skin elasticity test
36. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
alkalinizing crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
37. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
ineffective osmole
maintenance water requirement
normal vascular oncotic pressure
38. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
39. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
40. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
advantages of the IO route of administration
shock does for hetastarch
indications for canine plasma
primary effect of colloids
41. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
phases of a fluid therapy plan
dehydration
plasma volume in adults
42. 40% body weight
hypovolemia
ICF is small animals
primary effect of colloids
Vetstarch
43. 300 mosm/L
effective osmoles
hydroxyethyl starch
hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
44. 40 ml/kg/day
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
sensible fluid losses
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
45. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
plasma volume in adults
46. 30% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
ICF in large animals
tonicity
47. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
anion gap
goals of fluid resuscitation
general properties of crystalloids
48. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
iso-omolality of the body
complications of the SC route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
49. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
maintenance for a normal adult cat
normal osmolality of body fluid
acidifying crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
50. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
effective osmoles
anion gap
goal of maintenance fluids