SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
blood volume in adults
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance water requirement
types of the fluids used for maintenance
2. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
Vetstarch
most important colloid in the blood
complications of the SC route of administration
ICF is small animals
3. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
blood volume in cats
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
hypovolemia
4. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
blood volume in cats
advantages of the IV route of administration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
interstitial fluid
5. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
Vetstarch
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hydration parameters for physical examone
goal of maintenance fluids
6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
bloodwork changes and dehydration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
7. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
goal of maintenance fluids
alkalinizing crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
8. Total body water
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
goals of fluid resuscitation
traditional shock dose
9. 20 to 25 mmHG
anion gap
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
normal vascular oncotic pressure
10. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
anion gap
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
11. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmolality
mucous membrane moistness
12. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
hydroxyethyl starch
sodium
advantages of the IO route of administration
13. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
ICF is small animals
primary effect of colloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
14. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
osmolality
traditional shock dose
15. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
dehydration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
16. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
blood volume in cats
bloodwork changes and dehydration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
typical uses for IV route of administration
17. 8% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
blood volume in adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
18. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
potassium
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
19. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
total body water (TBW)
20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
bloodwork changes and dehydration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
canine plasma
21. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
alkalinizing crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
shock does for hetastarch
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
22. Interstitial fluid + blood
sodium
complications of catheterization
complications of the SC route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
blood volume in adults
hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
24. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ineffective osmole
osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
25. Albumin
blood volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
most important colloid in the blood
canine plasma
26. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
iso-omolality of the body
27. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ECF in small animal adults
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
28. Lower eyelid
goal of maintenance fluids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
maintenance for a normal adult cat
total osmolality
29. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
30. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
maintenance for a normal adult cat
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
complications of catheterization
31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
ECF in small animal adults
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
general properties of crystalloids
osmolality
32. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
complications of catheterization
typical uses for IO route of administration
skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
33. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
34. Potential for transfusion reactions.
dehydration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
adverse effects of canine plasma
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
potassium
skin elasticity test
iso-omolality of the body
primary effect of colloids
36. Changes in body weight over time.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
38. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
tonicity
shock does for hetastarch
mucous membrane moistness
39. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
iso-omolality of the body
categorizations of crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
40. Sodium and associated anions
hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
osmolality
traditional shock dose
41. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
advantages of the IV route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
canine plasma
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
42. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
43. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
insensible losses
44. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
typical uses for IV route of administration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
45. Lateral neck skin
categorizations of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
46. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
ICF in large animals
acidifying crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
47. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
48. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
traditional shock dose
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
law of electroneutrality
49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
tonicity
dehydration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
interstitial fluid
50. 70% body weight
advantages of the SC route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
insensible losses