Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






2. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






3. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






4. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






5. Changes in body weight over time.






6. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






7. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






8. Potential for transfusion reactions.






9. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






10. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






11. 40% body weight






12. Extracellular water + intracellular water






13. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






14. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






15. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






16. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






17. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






18. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






19. Total body water






20. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






21. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






22. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






23. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






24. The concentration of effective osmoles.






25. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






26. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






27. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






28. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






29. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






30. 8% body weight






31. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






32. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






33. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






35. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






36. 40 ml/kg/day






37. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






38. 20% body weight






39. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






40. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






41. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






42. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






43. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






44. Lower eyelid






45. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






46. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






47. 70% body weight






48. 60% body weight






49. 4% body weight






50. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement