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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






2. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






3. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






4. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






5. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






7. 20 to 25 mmHG






8. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






9. Potential for transfusion reactions.






10. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






11. Albumin






12. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






13. Sodium and associated anions






14. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






15. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






16. Urinary -fecal






17. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






18. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






19. 40% body weight






20. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






21. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






22. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






23. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






24. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






25. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






26. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






27. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






28. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






29. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






30. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






32. Total body water






33. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






34. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






35. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






37. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






39. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






40. The concentration of effective osmoles.






41. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






42. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






43. Changes in body weight over time.






44. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






45. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






46. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






47. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






48. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






49. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






50. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration