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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






2. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






3. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






4. 20 to 25 mmHG






5. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






6. Potential for transfusion reactions.






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. Total body water






9. Albumin






10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






11. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






12. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






13. 4% body weight






14. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






15. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






16. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






17. 6% body weight






18. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






19. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






20. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






21. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






22. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






23. Lower eyelid






24. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






26. 70% body weight






27. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






28. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






29. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






30. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






31. The concentration of effective osmoles.






32. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






33. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






34. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






35. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






36. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






37. 40 ml/kg/day






38. 40% body weight






39. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






40. 300 mosm/L






41. 20% body weight






42. Extracellular water + intracellular water






43. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






44. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






45. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






46. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






47. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






48. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






49. Sodium and associated anions






50. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative