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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






2. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






3. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






5. 5% body weight






6. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






9. Extracellular water + intracellular water






10. Urinary -fecal






11. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






12. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






13. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






14. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






15. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






16. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






17. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






18. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






19. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






20. Lower eyelid






21. Sodium and associated anions






22. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






23. 20 to 25 mmHG






24. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






25. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






26. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






27. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






28. 4% body weight






29. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






30. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






31. 40% body weight






32. 40 ml/kg/day






33. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






34. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






35. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






36. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






37. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






38. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






39. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






40. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






41. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






42. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






43. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






44. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






45. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






46. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






47. 30% body weight






48. 8% body weight






49. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






50. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.