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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
indications for canine plasma
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
bloodwork changes and dehydration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
2. 60% body weight
phases of a fluid therapy plan
TBW in adults
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total body water (TBW)
3. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
4. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
mucous membrane moistness
5. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
primary effect of colloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
hypovolemia
shock dose for hypertonic saline
normal vascular oncotic pressure
skin elasticity test
7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
dehydration
total body water (TBW)
sodium
skin elasticity test
8. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hydration parameters for physical examone
9. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
maintenance for a normal adult cat
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
10. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
sensible fluid losses
plasma volume in cats
11. 6% body weight
iso-omolality of the body
properties of isotonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
12. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult horse
normal osmolality of body fluid
13. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
most important colloid in the blood
types of the fluids used for maintenance
indications for canine plasma
14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
blood volume in adults
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
signs of hypovolemia
dehydration
15. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
hypovolemia
normal vascular oncotic pressure
ICF in large animals
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
16. 70% body weight
plasma volume in cats
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
law of electroneutrality
mucous membrane moistness
17. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
bloodwork changes and dehydration
plasma volume in cats
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
advantages of the IO route of administration
18. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
hypotonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
normal vascular oncotic pressure
19. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
skin elasticity test
iso-omolality of the body
ECF in large animal adults
20. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
normal osmolality of body fluid
signs of hypovolemia
blood volume in cats
hydroxyethyl starch
21. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
edema
most important colloid in the blood
22. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
categorizations of crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
23. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult cat
shock does for hetastarch
law of electroneutrality
24. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
adverse effects of canine plasma
potassium
skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults
25. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
advantages of the SC route of administration
canine plasma
normal vascular oncotic pressure
26. 40% body weight
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
anion gap
ICF is small animals
maintenance water requirement
27. 30% body weight
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ICF in large animals
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
28. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
acidifying crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
29. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
typical uses for IO route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of isotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
30. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
sodium
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
31. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
normal osmolality of body fluid
maintenance for a normal adult cow
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
mucous membrane moistness
32. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
ECF in small animal adults
33. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
34. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
law of electroneutrality
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
general properties of crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
35. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
edema
signs of hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult cow
36. Lower eyelid
ICF is small animals
general properties of crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
blood volume in adults
37. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
maintenance for a normal adult dog
acidifying crystalloids
Vetstarch
complications of the SC route of administration
38. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
phases of a fluid therapy plan
39. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
tonicity
shock does for hetastarch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
40. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
primary effect of colloids
41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
most important colloid in the blood
plasma volume in adults
edema
advantages of the SC route of administration
42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
alkalinizing crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
anion gap
43. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
44. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
anion gap
complications of catheterization
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
45. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
edema
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
total body water (TBW)
46. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
47. Lateral neck skin
complications of catheterization
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
advantages of the IV route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
49. 70% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
50. The loss of intravascular fluid.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
plasma volume in adults
hypovolemia
interstitial fluid