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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Urinary -fecal






2. Albumin






3. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






5. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






6. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






8. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






9. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






10. Interstitial fluid + blood






11. Changes in body weight over time.






12. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






13. 70% body weight






14. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






15. 20 to 25 mmHG






16. Lateral neck skin






17. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






18. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






19. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






20. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






22. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






25. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






26. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






27. 300 mosm/L






28. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






29. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






30. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






31. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






32. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






33. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






34. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






35. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






36. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






37. 40% body weight






38. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






39. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






40. Extracellular water + intracellular water






41. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






42. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






43. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






45. Total body water






46. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






47. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






48. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






49. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






50. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.