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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






2. 6% body weight






3. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






4. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






5. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






7. 30% body weight






8. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






9. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






10. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






11. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






12. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






13. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






14. 40% body weight






15. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






16. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






17. Changes in body weight over time.






18. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






20. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






21. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






22. 70% body weight






23. 30% body weight






24. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






25. Albumin






26. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






27. The loss of intravascular fluid.






28. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






29. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






30. Interstitial fluid + blood






31. Potential for transfusion reactions.






32. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






33. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






35. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






36. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






37. Urinary -fecal






38. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






39. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






40. 70% body weight






41. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






42. Lower eyelid






43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






44. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






45. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






46. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






47. Total body water






48. Sodium and associated anions






49. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






50. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative







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