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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






2. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






3. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






5. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






6. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






7. 40% body weight






8. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






9. Urinary -fecal






10. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






11. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






12. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






13. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






14. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






15. 30% body weight






16. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






17. 20% body weight






18. The concentration of effective osmoles.






19. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






20. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






21. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






24. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






25. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






26. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






27. 70% body weight






28. Changes in body weight over time.






29. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






30. 70% body weight






31. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






32. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






33. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






34. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






35. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






36. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






37. 5% body weight






38. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






39. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






40. 300 mosm/L






41. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






42. 30% body weight






43. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






45. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






46. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






47. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






48. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly