Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






2. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






3. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






4. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






5. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






6. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






7. 4% body weight






8. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






9. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






10. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






11. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






12. The loss of intravascular fluid.






13. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






14. Extracellular water + intracellular water






15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






17. Lateral neck skin






18. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






19. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






20. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






21. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






22. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






23. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






24. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






25. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






26. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






27. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






28. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






29. 40% body weight






30. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






31. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






32. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






33. Total body water






34. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






35. Albumin






36. 40 ml/kg/day






37. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






38. 50 m;/kg/day






39. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






40. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






41. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






42. Interstitial fluid + blood






43. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






44. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






45. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






46. 20% body weight






47. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






48. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






50. Lower eyelid