Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 60% body weight






2. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






4. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






5. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






7. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






8. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






11. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






12. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






13. Sodium and associated anions






14. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






15. Extracellular water + intracellular water






16. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






17. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






19. 70% body weight






20. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






21. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






22. 8% body weight






23. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






24. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






26. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






27. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






28. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






29. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






30. Interstitial fluid + blood






31. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






32. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






33. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






34. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






35. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






37. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






38. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






39. Urinary -fecal






40. Albumin






41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






42. 4% body weight






43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






44. 30% body weight






45. 300 mosm/L






46. 30% body weight






47. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






48. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






49. 20% body weight






50. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static