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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The loss of intravascular fluid.






2. Urinary -fecal






3. 70% body weight






4. 70% body weight






5. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






6. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






8. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






9. Extracellular water + intracellular water






10. 20% body weight






11. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






12. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






13. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






14. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






15. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






16. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






17. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






18. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






19. The concentration of effective osmoles.






20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






21. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






23. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






24. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






25. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






26. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






27. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






28. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






29. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






31. Total body water






32. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






33. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






34. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






35. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






36. 60% body weight






37. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






38. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






39. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






40. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






41. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






42. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






43. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






44. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






45. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






46. 6% body weight






47. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






48. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






49. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






50. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.