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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






2. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






3. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






4. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






5. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






6. 60% body weight






7. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






8. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






9. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






10. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






11. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






12. 70% body weight






13. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






14. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






15. 30% body weight






16. 20% body weight






17. Albumin






18. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






19. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






20. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






21. Sodium and associated anions






22. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






23. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






24. The loss of intravascular fluid.






25. 40% body weight






26. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






27. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






28. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






29. The concentration of effective osmoles.






30. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






31. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






32. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






33. Potential for transfusion reactions.






34. 300 mosm/L






35. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






36. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






37. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






38. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






39. 5% body weight






40. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






41. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






42. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






43. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






44. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






45. 70% body weight






46. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






47. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






48. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






49. 4% body weight






50. 40% body weight