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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






2. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






3. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






4. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






6. 40% body weight






7. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






8. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






9. 6% body weight






10. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






11. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






12. 50 m;/kg/day






13. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






14. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






15. Lateral neck skin






16. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






17. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






18. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






19. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






20. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






21. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






22. Urinary -fecal






23. 70% body weight






24. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






25. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






26. 5% body weight






27. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






28. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






29. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






32. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






33. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






34. 30% body weight






35. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






36. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






37. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






38. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






39. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






41. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






42. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






43. Sodium and associated anions






44. Extracellular water + intracellular water






45. 20% body weight






46. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






47. The loss of intravascular fluid.






48. Total body water






49. 40 ml/kg/day






50. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.