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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






2. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






3. Albumin






4. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






5. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






6. 30% body weight






7. 6% body weight






8. 20% body weight






9. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






10. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






11. 70% body weight






12. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






13. 20 to 25 mmHG






14. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






15. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






16. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






17. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






18. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






19. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






21. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






22. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






23. The concentration of effective osmoles.






24. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






25. 300 mosm/L






26. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






27. 5% body weight






28. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






29. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






30. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






31. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






32. 60% body weight






33. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






34. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






37. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






38. Changes in body weight over time.






39. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






40. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






41. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






42. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






43. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






44. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






46. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






47. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






48. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






49. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






50. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.