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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin
total body water (TBW)
most important colloid in the blood
goal of maintenance fluids
skin elasticity test
2. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
traditional shock dose
3. Lower eyelid
ICF in large animals
indications for canine plasma
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
typical uses for IV route of administration
4. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
ICF in large animals
anion gap
interstitial fluid
ICF is small animals
5. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
types of the fluids used for maintenance
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
6. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
7. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
total osmolality
advantages of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
8. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
osmolality
hydration parameters for physical examone
iso-omolality of the body
9. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
types of the fluids used for maintenance
properties of isotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
10. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
typical uses for IV route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
plasma volume in adults
11. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
bloodwork changes and dehydration
insensible losses
12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance water requirement
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
13. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
blood volume in cats
ICF is small animals
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
14. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
general properties of crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
15. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
insensible losses
16. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
advantages of the IV route of administration
ineffective osmole
17. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
anion gap
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
18. 20% body weight
law of electroneutrality
effective osmoles
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in small animal adults
19. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
20. Sodium and associated anions
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
anion gap
signs of hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
21. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
hypotonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
hypertonic crystalloids
insensible losses
canine plasma
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
23. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
24. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
complications of the SC route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
25. Interstitial fluid + blood
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypovolemia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
26. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
primary effect of colloids
27. 5% body weight
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
plasma volume in adults
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
28. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
hydration parameters for physical examone
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
insensible losses
29. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
total osmolality
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
traditional shock dose
typical uses for IO route of administration
30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
edema
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
normal vascular oncotic pressure
goals of fluid resuscitation
31. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
32. Potential for transfusion reactions.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
adverse effects of canine plasma
33. Lateral neck skin
types of the fluids used for maintenance
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IV route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hypovolemia
35. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
normal vascular oncotic pressure
goals of fluid resuscitation
hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
potassium
skin elasticity test
primary effect of colloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
37. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
types of the fluids used for maintenance
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
general properties of crystalloids
38. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
advantages of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
typical uses for IV route of administration
39. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
blood volume in cats
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
TBW in adults
40. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
osmolality
alkalinizing crystalloids
interstitial fluid
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
41. Changes in body weight over time.
skin elasticity test
canine plasma
alkalinizing crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
42. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
potassium
hypertonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
effective osmoles
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
complications of catheterization
traditional shock dose
44. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
goal of maintenance fluids
45. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
46. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
goals of fluid resuscitation
ICF in large animals
interstitial fluid
47. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
TBW in adults
ICF is small animals
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
effective osmoles
48. Urinary -fecal
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ECF in large animal adults
sensible fluid losses
ineffective osmole
49. 40% body weight
maintenance water requirement
TBW in adults
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ICF is small animals
50. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
anion gap
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults
bloodwork changes and dehydration