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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Urinary -fecal






2. Extracellular water + intracellular water






3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






4. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






5. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






6. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






7. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






8. 6% body weight






9. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






10. Lower eyelid






11. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






12. 30% body weight






13. 60% body weight






14. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






15. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






16. Changes in body weight over time.






17. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






18. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






19. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






20. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






21. 70% body weight






22. 5% body weight






23. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






24. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






25. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






26. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






27. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






28. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






29. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






30. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






31. 8% body weight






32. The concentration of effective osmoles.






33. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






34. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






35. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






37. Albumin






38. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






39. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






40. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






42. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






43. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






44. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






45. 40% body weight






46. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






47. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






48. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






49. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






50. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






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