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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






2. Sodium and associated anions






3. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






4. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






5. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






6. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






7. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






9. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






10. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






11. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






12. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






13. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






14. Total body water






15. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






16. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






18. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






19. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






20. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






21. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






22. 300 mosm/L






23. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






24. 5% body weight






25. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






26. 4% body weight






27. Lower eyelid






28. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






29. Albumin






30. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






31. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






32. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






33. 30% body weight






34. The loss of intravascular fluid.






35. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






36. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






37. The concentration of effective osmoles.






38. 60% body weight






39. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






40. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






41. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






42. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






43. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






44. Potential for transfusion reactions.






45. Extracellular water + intracellular water






46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






47. 20 to 25 mmHG






48. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






49. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






50. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight