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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 60% body weight






2. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






3. The concentration of effective osmoles.






4. 30% body weight






5. 20 to 25 mmHG






6. Total body water






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






9. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






10. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






11. Urinary -fecal






12. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






13. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






14. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






15. 5% body weight






16. Changes in body weight over time.






17. 40 ml/kg/day






18. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






19. Sodium and associated anions






20. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






21. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






22. 20% body weight






23. Interstitial fluid + blood






24. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






25. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






26. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






27. Lower eyelid






28. Albumin






29. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






30. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






31. 8% body weight






32. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






33. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






34. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






35. Extracellular water + intracellular water






36. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






37. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






38. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






39. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






40. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






42. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






43. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






44. 30% body weight






45. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






46. Lateral neck skin






47. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






48. 300 mosm/L






49. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






50. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases