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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in cats
skin elasticity test
hypertonic crystalloids
2. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of isotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
ineffective osmole
3. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
edema
4. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
maintenance water requirement
iso-omolality of the body
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
advantages of the IO route of administration
5. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
blood volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
categorizations of crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmolality
advantages of the IO route of administration
interstitial fluid
7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
complications of catheterization
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
total body water (TBW)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
general properties of crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
mucous membrane moistness
9. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
traditional shock dose
advantages of the SC route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
10. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
osmolality
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
typical uses for IV route of administration
11. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
canine plasma
traditional shock dose
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
12. Lower eyelid
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
acidifying crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
13. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cat
14. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance for a normal adult cat
ICF is small animals
15. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
iso-omolality of the body
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
categorizations of crystalloids
16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
signs of hypovolemia
TBW in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
17. 50 m;/kg/day
anion gap
bloodwork changes and dehydration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
maintenance for a normal adult cow
18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
normal osmolality of body fluid
19. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
maintenance water requirement
20. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
primary effect of colloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
21. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of canine plasma
extracellular fluid (ECF)
22. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal vascular oncotic pressure
typical uses for IO route of administration
complications of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
24. Changes in body weight over time.
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
25. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
extracellular fluid (ECF)
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
26. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
maintenance for a normal adult horse
insensible losses
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
27. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ECF in large animal adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
law of electroneutrality
28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
acidifying crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
ineffective osmole
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
29. 40% body weight
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ECF in large animal adults
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
30. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
TBW in adults
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
blood volume in cats
31. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
maintenance for a normal adult horse
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
32. Total body water
signs of hypovolemia
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
33. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
primary effect of colloids
34. Urinary -fecal
shock dose for hypertonic saline
normal osmolality of body fluid
advantages of the SC route of administration
sensible fluid losses
35. The concentration of effective osmoles.
ICF is small animals
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
tonicity
36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
law of electroneutrality
bloodwork changes and dehydration
37. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
ineffective osmole
shock dose for hypertonic saline
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
effective osmoles
38. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
maintenance for a normal adult cow
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
39. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
anion gap
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hypertonic crystalloids
total osmolality
40. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
anion gap
traditional shock dose
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
ICF is small animals
advantages of the SC route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
skin elasticity test
42. Potential for transfusion reactions.
acidifying crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
ECF in small animal adults
43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
law of electroneutrality
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
44. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
alkalinizing crystalloids
TBW in adults
anion gap
45. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
canine plasma
general properties of crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
indications for canine plasma
46. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IV route of administration
TBW in adults
Vetstarch
indications for canine plasma
47. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult horse
48. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
traditional shock dose
indications for canine plasma
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
sodium
49. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
complications of catheterization
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
50. 300 mosm/L
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
general properties of crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
the effects of isotonic fluid loss