Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






2. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






3. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






4. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






5. Lateral neck skin






6. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






7. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






8. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






9. 50 m;/kg/day






10. 20 to 25 mmHG






11. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






12. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






13. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






15. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






16. 5% body weight






17. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






18. 6% body weight






19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






20. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






21. 8% body weight






22. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






23. Total body water






24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






25. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






26. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






27. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






28. 70% body weight






29. 30% body weight






30. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






31. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






32. Albumin






33. 20% body weight






34. 40 ml/kg/day






35. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






36. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






37. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






38. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






39. The loss of intravascular fluid.






40. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






41. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






42. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






43. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






44. 4% body weight






45. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






46. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






47. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






48. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






49. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






50. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.