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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






2. 40% body weight






3. 40% body weight






4. Potential for transfusion reactions.






5. Changes in body weight over time.






6. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






8. 70% body weight






9. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






10. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






11. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






12. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






13. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






14. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






15. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






16. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






17. 70% body weight






18. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






19. 20% body weight






20. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






21. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






22. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






23. 50 m;/kg/day






24. 8% body weight






25. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






26. The loss of intravascular fluid.






27. Total body water






28. 60% body weight






29. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






30. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






31. Interstitial fluid + blood






32. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






33. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






34. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






35. The concentration of effective osmoles.






36. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






37. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






38. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






39. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






40. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






41. 300 mosm/L






42. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






43. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






44. 30% body weight






45. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






46. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






47. 40 ml/kg/day






48. Sodium and associated anions






49. 6% body weight






50. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion