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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40 ml/kg/day






2. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






3. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






4. 40% body weight






5. 70% body weight






6. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






7. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






8. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






10. Albumin






11. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






12. Total body water






13. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






14. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






15. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






16. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






17. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






18. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






19. Lateral neck skin






20. 70% body weight






21. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






22. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






23. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






24. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






25. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






26. 5% body weight






27. Changes in body weight over time.






28. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






29. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






30. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






31. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






32. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






33. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






34. 300 mosm/L






35. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






36. 60% body weight






37. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






38. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






39. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. Urinary -fecal






42. Extracellular water + intracellular water






43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






44. Interstitial fluid + blood






45. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






46. 6% body weight






47. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






49. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






50. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.