Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






2. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






4. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






5. Lower eyelid






6. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






7. Sodium and associated anions






8. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






9. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






10. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






11. Urinary -fecal






12. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






13. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






14. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






15. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






16. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






17. 40 ml/kg/day






18. 300 mosm/L






19. 70% body weight






20. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






21. The concentration of effective osmoles.






22. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






23. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






24. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






25. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






26. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






27. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






28. 5% body weight






29. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






30. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






31. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






34. 40% body weight






35. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






36. 20% body weight






37. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






38. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






39. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






40. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






41. 20 to 25 mmHG






42. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






43. Potential for transfusion reactions.






44. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






45. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






46. 30% body weight






47. Total body water






48. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






49. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






50. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -