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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40% body weight






2. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






3. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






4. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






5. Urinary -fecal






6. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






8. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






9. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






10. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






11. 20% body weight






12. Interstitial fluid + blood






13. The concentration of effective osmoles.






14. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






15. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






16. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






17. 4% body weight






18. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






19. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






20. 70% body weight






21. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






22. 5% body weight






23. The loss of intravascular fluid.






24. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






25. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






26. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






27. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






28. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






29. Extracellular water + intracellular water






30. 40 ml/kg/day






31. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






32. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






33. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






34. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






36. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






37. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






38. Changes in body weight over time.






39. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






41. Potential for transfusion reactions.






42. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






43. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






44. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






46. 300 mosm/L






47. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






48. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






49. 60% body weight






50. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight