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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






2. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






3. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






4. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






5. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






6. 70% body weight






7. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






8. Changes in body weight over time.






9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






10. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






11. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






12. Albumin






13. 30% body weight






14. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






15. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






16. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






17. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






18. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






19. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






20. 40% body weight






21. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






23. 40 ml/kg/day






24. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






25. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






26. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






27. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






28. 60% body weight






29. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






30. The loss of intravascular fluid.






31. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






33. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






34. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






35. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






36. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






37. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






38. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






39. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






42. 70% body weight






43. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






44. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






45. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






46. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






47. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






48. Total body water






49. 20 to 25 mmHG






50. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.