Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






2. 6% body weight






3. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






4. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






5. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






6. 70% body weight






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. 4% body weight






9. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






10. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






11. 60% body weight






12. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






13. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






14. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






15. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






16. 40% body weight






17. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






18. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






19. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






20. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






21. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






22. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






23. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. 50 m;/kg/day






26. 30% body weight






27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






28. 8% body weight






29. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






30. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






31. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






32. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






33. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






34. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






35. Albumin






36. 30% body weight






37. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






38. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






39. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






41. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






42. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






43. Total body water






44. 300 mosm/L






45. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






46. 5% body weight






47. The concentration of effective osmoles.






48. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






49. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






50. Potential for transfusion reactions.