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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Total body water






2. Sodium and associated anions






3. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






4. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






5. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






6. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






7. 8% body weight






8. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Interstitial fluid + blood






10. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






11. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






12. Lower eyelid






13. Lateral neck skin






14. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






15. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






16. Albumin






17. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






18. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






19. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






20. Changes in body weight over time.






21. 40 ml/kg/day






22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






25. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






26. 4% body weight






27. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






28. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






29. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






30. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






31. 70% body weight






32. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






33. 20 to 25 mmHG






34. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






35. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






36. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






37. Potential for transfusion reactions.






38. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






39. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






40. 40% body weight






41. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






42. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






43. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






44. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






45. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






46. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






47. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






48. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






49. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






50. 50 m;/kg/day