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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






2. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






3. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






4. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






5. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






10. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






11. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






12. Lower eyelid






13. 30% body weight






14. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






15. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






17. 50 m;/kg/day






18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






19. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






20. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






21. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






22. 20 to 25 mmHG






23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






24. Changes in body weight over time.






25. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






26. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






27. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






29. 40% body weight






30. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






31. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






32. Total body water






33. The loss of intravascular fluid.






34. Urinary -fecal






35. The concentration of effective osmoles.






36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






37. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






38. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






39. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






40. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






42. Potential for transfusion reactions.






43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






44. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






45. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






46. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






47. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






48. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






49. Extracellular water + intracellular water






50. 300 mosm/L