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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






2. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






3. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






4. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






5. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






6. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






8. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






9. The loss of intravascular fluid.






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






12. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






13. 40% body weight






14. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






15. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






16. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






17. 8% body weight






18. Lateral neck skin






19. 300 mosm/L






20. Extracellular water + intracellular water






21. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






22. Sodium and associated anions






23. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






24. Changes in body weight over time.






25. 5% body weight






26. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






27. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






28. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






29. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






30. 20 to 25 mmHG






31. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






32. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






33. Urinary -fecal






34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






35. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






36. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






37. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






38. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






39. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






40. Interstitial fluid + blood






41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






44. The concentration of effective osmoles.






45. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






46. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






47. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






48. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






49. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






50. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative