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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






2. Lateral neck skin






3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






4. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






5. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






6. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






7. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






8. 50 m;/kg/day






9. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






10. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






11. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






12. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






13. 300 mosm/L






14. Sodium and associated anions






15. Urinary -fecal






16. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






17. 60% body weight






18. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






19. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






20. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






21. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






22. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






23. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






24. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






26. 70% body weight






27. 30% body weight






28. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






29. 30% body weight






30. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






31. Total body water






32. Interstitial fluid + blood






33. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






34. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






35. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






36. Lower eyelid






37. 5% body weight






38. Changes in body weight over time.






39. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






40. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






41. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






42. 40 ml/kg/day






43. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






45. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






46. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






47. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






48. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






49. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






50. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.