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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






2. Albumin






3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






4. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






5. Interstitial fluid + blood






6. 60% body weight






7. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






8. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






9. 40% body weight






10. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






11. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






12. The loss of intravascular fluid.






13. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






14. 4% body weight






15. Total body water






16. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






17. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






18. Potential for transfusion reactions.






19. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






20. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






21. Lateral neck skin






22. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






23. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






24. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






25. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






26. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






27. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






28. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






29. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






30. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






31. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






32. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






33. Urinary -fecal






34. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






35. 8% body weight






36. 30% body weight






37. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






38. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






39. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






40. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






41. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






42. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






43. 40 ml/kg/day






44. Sodium and associated anions






45. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






46. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






47. Lower eyelid






48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






49. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






50. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients