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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






2. The loss of intravascular fluid.






3. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






4. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






5. 40% body weight






6. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






7. 30% body weight






8. 40 ml/kg/day






9. 300 mosm/L






10. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






11. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






12. 20% body weight






13. Total body water






14. 70% body weight






15. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






18. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






19. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






20. 30% body weight






21. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






22. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






23. 5% body weight






24. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






26. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






27. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






28. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






29. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






30. 6% body weight






31. 40% body weight






32. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






33. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






34. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






35. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






36. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






37. 50 m;/kg/day






38. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






39. 20 to 25 mmHG






40. Urinary -fecal






41. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






44. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






46. Interstitial fluid + blood






47. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






48. Lateral neck skin






49. The concentration of effective osmoles.






50. Lower eyelid