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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Albumin






2. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






3. Lower eyelid






4. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






5. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






6. 30% body weight






7. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






8. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






9. 30% body weight






10. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






11. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






13. 60% body weight






14. Total body water






15. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






16. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






17. Extracellular water + intracellular water






18. 20% body weight






19. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






20. Sodium and associated anions






21. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






23. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






24. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






25. Interstitial fluid + blood






26. 40 ml/kg/day






27. 5% body weight






28. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






29. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






31. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






32. Potential for transfusion reactions.






33. Lateral neck skin






34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






35. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






37. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






38. The loss of intravascular fluid.






39. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






40. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






41. Changes in body weight over time.






42. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






45. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






46. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






47. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






48. Urinary -fecal






49. 40% body weight






50. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity