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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






3. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






4. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






5. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






8. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






9. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






12. Sodium and associated anions






13. 20% body weight






14. Extracellular water + intracellular water






15. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






16. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






17. Albumin






18. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






19. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






20. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






21. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






22. Lower eyelid






23. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






24. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






25. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






26. The loss of intravascular fluid.






27. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






29. 6% body weight






30. 40% body weight






31. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






32. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






33. Total body water






34. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






35. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






37. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






38. 40 ml/kg/day






39. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






40. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






42. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






44. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






46. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






47. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






48. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






49. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






50. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight