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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
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emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
potassium
total osmolality
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
2. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
potassium
properties of isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of isotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
4. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
phases of a fluid therapy plan
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
canine plasma
5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
6. The concentration of effective osmoles.
tonicity
advantages of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in cats
7. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
edema
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
8. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
Vetstarch
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
9. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
dehydration
skin elasticity test
shock does for hetastarch
signs of hypovolemia
10. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
11. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hydroxyethyl starch
categorizations of crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
12. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
plasma volume in cats
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
13. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
plasma volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
14. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
advantages of the IV route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
types of the fluids used for maintenance
15. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
canine plasma
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
goal of maintenance fluids
16. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
typical uses for IV route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
17. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
primary effect of colloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
tonicity
18. 40% body weight
maintenance water requirement
sensible fluid losses
ICF is small animals
general properties of crystalloids
19. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
ECF in small animal adults
hypertonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
signs of hypovolemia
20. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF in large animals
general properties of crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
21. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
alkalinizing crystalloids
22. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
hydroxyethyl starch
complications of catheterization
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
ICF is small animals
23. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
dehydration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
shock does for hetastarch
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ineffective osmole
25. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
typical uses for IV route of administration
indications for canine plasma
total osmolality
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
26. Lower eyelid
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
total body water (TBW)
maintenance water requirement
27. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
extracellular fluid (ECF)
general properties of crystalloids
ICF is small animals
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
28. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
law of electroneutrality
iso-omolality of the body
tonicity
osmolality
29. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
indications for canine plasma
complications of the SC route of administration
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
total osmolality
30. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
potassium
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
31. 300 mosm/L
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
normal osmolality of body fluid
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
canine plasma
32. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
categorizations of crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
anion gap
mucous membrane moistness
33. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
sensible fluid losses
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
traditional shock dose
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
34. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
traditional shock dose
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
35. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
typical uses for IV route of administration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
anion gap
36. 40 ml/kg/day
total body water (TBW)
maintenance for a normal adult horse
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
ECF in small animal adults
37. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
38. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
shock dose for hypertonic saline
39. 70% body weight
acidifying crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
law of electroneutrality
blood volume in adults
40. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
total osmolality
types of the fluids used for maintenance
41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
phases of a fluid therapy plan
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
42. Interstitial fluid + blood
iso-omolality of the body
extracellular fluid (ECF)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
43. Extracellular water + intracellular water
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
total body water (TBW)
shock dose for hypertonic saline
iso-omolality of the body
44. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
osmolality
normal osmolality of body fluid
skin elasticity test
properties of isotonic crystalloids
45. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
advantages of the IV route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
46. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hypotonic crystalloids
47. 60% body weight
traditional shock dose
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
TBW in adults
48. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
49. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
law of electroneutrality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
50. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
advantages of the IV route of administration
osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
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