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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






2. Changes in body weight over time.






3. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






4. 50 m;/kg/day






5. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






6. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






7. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






8. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






9. Extracellular water + intracellular water






10. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






11. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






12. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






13. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






14. 40% body weight






15. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






16. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






17. 300 mosm/L






18. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






19. Total body water






20. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






22. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






23. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






24. 70% body weight






25. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






26. 30% body weight






27. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






28. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






29. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






31. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






32. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






33. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






34. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






35. 40 ml/kg/day






36. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






37. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






38. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






39. Lower eyelid






40. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






41. 8% body weight






42. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






43. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






44. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






45. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






47. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






48. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






49. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






50. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract