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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






2. Lower eyelid






3. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






4. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






5. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






6. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






8. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






9. Extracellular water + intracellular water






10. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






11. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






12. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






13. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






14. 30% body weight






15. 20 to 25 mmHG






16. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






17. Total body water






18. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






19. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






20. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






21. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






22. 70% body weight






23. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






24. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






25. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






26. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






27. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






28. 30% body weight






29. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






30. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






31. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






32. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






33. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






34. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






35. 300 mosm/L






36. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






37. 8% body weight






38. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






39. 50 m;/kg/day






40. The concentration of effective osmoles.






41. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






42. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






45. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






46. 40 ml/kg/day






47. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






48. Sodium and associated anions






49. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






50. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis