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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






2. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






3. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






4. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






5. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






8. 50 m;/kg/day






9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






10. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






11. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






12. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






13. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






14. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






15. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






16. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






17. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






18. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






19. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






20. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






21. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. 8% body weight






23. Sodium and associated anions






24. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






25. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






26. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






27. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






28. 5% body weight






29. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






30. Lateral neck skin






31. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






32. Lower eyelid






33. Changes in body weight over time.






34. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






35. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






36. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






37. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






38. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






39. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






40. 20% body weight






41. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






42. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






43. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






44. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






45. The concentration of effective osmoles.






46. 300 mosm/L






47. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






48. 40 ml/kg/day






49. Extracellular water + intracellular water






50. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation