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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






2. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






3. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






4. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






5. Lower eyelid






6. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






7. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. 4% body weight






10. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






11. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






12. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






13. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






14. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






15. 20 to 25 mmHG






16. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






17. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






18. 40 ml/kg/day






19. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






20. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






21. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






22. 5% body weight






23. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






26. The concentration of effective osmoles.






27. Sodium and associated anions






28. 70% body weight






29. 40% body weight






30. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






31. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






32. The loss of intravascular fluid.






33. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






34. Potential for transfusion reactions.






35. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






36. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






37. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






38. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






39. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






40. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






42. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






43. Albumin






44. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






45. Extracellular water + intracellular water






46. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






47. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






48. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






49. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






50. 30% body weight