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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 4% body weight
ICF in large animals
canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
normal osmolality of body fluid
2. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
primary effect of colloids
TBW in adults
iso-omolality of the body
3. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of isotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
4. Interstitial fluid + blood
ICF in large animals
extracellular fluid (ECF)
most important colloid in the blood
advantages of the IV route of administration
5. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
blood volume in cats
blood volume in adults
potassium
alkalinizing crystalloids
6. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
complications of the SC route of administration
complications of catheterization
7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
anion gap
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
advantages of the IO route of administration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
8. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
9. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
categorizations of crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
adverse effects of canine plasma
bloodwork changes and dehydration
10. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
typical uses for IV route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of isotonic crystalloids
12. Lateral neck skin
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of canine plasma
13. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
primary effect of colloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
signs of hypovolemia
14. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
maintenance for a normal adult cow
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
categorizations of crystalloids
15. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
hypovolemia
skin elasticity test
law of electroneutrality
iso-omolality of the body
16. 70% body weight
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
17. Lower eyelid
insensible losses
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
18. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
advantages of the SC route of administration
potassium
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
19. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
osmolality
20. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
complications of catheterization
hypovolemia
hydration parameters for physical examone
plasma volume in adults
21. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
dehydration
alkalinizing crystalloids
insensible losses
ECF in small animal adults
22. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
total osmolality
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
osmolality
23. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
tonicity
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
insensible losses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
24. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
law of electroneutrality
phases of a fluid therapy plan
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
sodium
25. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
mucous membrane moistness
osmolality
signs of hypovolemia
26. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
plasma volume in cats
shock does for hetastarch
hypovolemia
hypertonic crystalloids
27. The concentration of effective osmoles.
TBW in adults
indications for canine plasma
complications of catheterization
tonicity
28. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
hydroxyethyl starch
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
29. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
categorizations of crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
30. The loss of intravascular fluid.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
hypovolemia
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
31. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
ECF in large animal adults
iso-omolality of the body
32. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
typical uses for IV route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
33. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
canine plasma
34. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
alkalinizing crystalloids
35. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
typical uses for IV route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
canine plasma
general properties of crystalloids
36. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
indications for canine plasma
skin elasticity test
phases of a fluid therapy plan
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
37. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
goals of fluid resuscitation
shock does for hetastarch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
38. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
TBW in adults
dehydration
ECF in large animal adults
39. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
traditional shock dose
effective osmoles
potassium
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
40. 20 to 25 mmHG
ineffective osmole
advantages of the SC route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
alkalinizing crystalloids
41. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
iso-omolality of the body
traditional shock dose
42. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
insensible losses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of canine plasma
43. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
TBW in adults
44. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
dehydration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
45. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
mucous membrane moistness
46. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance water requirement
total body water (TBW)
sensible fluid losses
47. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
ICF is small animals
properties of isotonic crystalloids
48. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
plasma volume in adults
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
primary effect of colloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
49. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
tonicity
categorizations of crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
edema
50. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
goals of fluid resuscitation
indications for canine plasma