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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
sodium
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
2. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
shock does for hetastarch
dehydration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
4. 70% body weight
maintenance water requirement
advantages of the IO route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
anion gap
5. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
plasma volume in adults
goal of maintenance fluids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
6. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
categorizations of crystalloids
skin elasticity test
shock does for hetastarch
ECF in large animal adults
7. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
typical uses for IV route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
anion gap
8. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
shock does for hetastarch
general properties of crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
9. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
maintenance for a normal adult horse
shock dose for hypertonic saline
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hypertonic crystalloids
10. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
maintenance for a normal adult horse
shock does for hetastarch
hydration parameters for physical examone
types of the fluids used for maintenance
11. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
ICF is small animals
acidifying crystalloids
dehydration
12. 30% body weight
anion gap
hypotonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
interstitial fluid
13. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
maintenance for a normal adult horse
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hypertonic crystalloids
14. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
complications of the SC route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
osmolality
tonicity
15. 20 to 25 mmHG
insensible losses
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IV route of administration
16. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmolality
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
17. Interstitial fluid + blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
advantages of the IO route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
18. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
blood volume in adults
advantages of the SC route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
19. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
advantages of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
traditional shock dose
20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
hydroxyethyl starch
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hydration parameters for physical examone
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
21. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
typical uses for IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
goals of fluid resuscitation
22. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
advantages of the IO route of administration
shock does for hetastarch
primary effect of colloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
23. 4% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
total osmolality
primary effect of colloids
24. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
typical uses for IO route of administration
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the IO route of administration
total body water (TBW)
25. 8% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
blood volume in adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
26. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
complications of the SC route of administration
27. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
dehydration
mucous membrane moistness
28. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
hypovolemia
properties of isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
29. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
hypertonic crystalloids
osmolality
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
advantages of the IO route of administration
30. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
osmolality
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
31. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
sodium
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
32. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
33. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
34. Potential for transfusion reactions.
plasma volume in cats
categorizations of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
adverse effects of canine plasma
35. 50 m;/kg/day
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance for a normal adult horse
law of electroneutrality
36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
hydroxyethyl starch
types of the fluids used for maintenance
37. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
shock does for hetastarch
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
dehydration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
38. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ineffective osmole
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
39. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
edema
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
anion gap
total osmolality
40. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
plasma volume in adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
41. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
traditional shock dose
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch
42. Changes in body weight over time.
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult horse
ECF in large animal adults
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
43. Albumin
potassium
most important colloid in the blood
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
44. 30% body weight
total body water (TBW)
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
ICF in large animals
45. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
sodium
traditional shock dose
bloodwork changes and dehydration
shock does for hetastarch
46. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
most important colloid in the blood
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
phases of a fluid therapy plan
advantages of the IV route of administration
47. Extracellular water + intracellular water
bloodwork changes and dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
total body water (TBW)
mucous membrane moistness
48. Urinary -fecal
categorizations of crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
49. 300 mosm/L
alkalinizing crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
50. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
edema
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult cow