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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






2. Potential for transfusion reactions.






3. Total body water






4. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






5. The loss of intravascular fluid.






6. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






7. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






8. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






9. 40% body weight






10. 6% body weight






11. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






13. 5% body weight






14. 50 m;/kg/day






15. 4% body weight






16. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






17. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






18. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






19. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






20. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






21. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






22. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






23. 8% body weight






24. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






25. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






26. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






27. 60% body weight






28. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






29. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






30. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






31. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






32. Lateral neck skin






33. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






34. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






35. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






36. 30% body weight






37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






38. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






39. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






40. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






41. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






42. 70% body weight






43. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






44. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






45. 70% body weight






46. 40% body weight






47. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






48. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






49. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






50. 40 ml/kg/day