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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
acidifying crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
2. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
typical uses for IO route of administration
3. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
hypotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
4. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
phases of a fluid therapy plan
complications of catheterization
total body water (TBW)
5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
insensible losses
6. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult cat
advantages of the SC route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
7. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
hydration parameters for physical examone
general properties of crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
8. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
goals of fluid resuscitation
total body water (TBW)
phases of a fluid therapy plan
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
phases of a fluid therapy plan
mucous membrane moistness
advantages of the SC route of administration
10. Urinary -fecal
plasma volume in adults
advantages of the IO route of administration
sensible fluid losses
osmolality
11. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
advantages of the IV route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
hypovolemia
12. 4% body weight
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
bloodwork changes and dehydration
plasma volume in cats
13. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
mucous membrane moistness
sodium
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
14. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
complications of the SC route of administration
complications of catheterization
total body water (TBW)
15. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
goals of fluid resuscitation
indications for canine plasma
iso-omolality of the body
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
16. 8% body weight
blood volume in adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
advantages of the IV route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
17. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
maintenance for a normal adult cow
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IV route of administration
18. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
plasma volume in adults
edema
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
19. Total body water
goal of maintenance fluids
total osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
indications for canine plasma
20. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
21. Sodium and associated anions
skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
shock does for hetastarch
22. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult cat
sodium
23. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
potassium
ICF is small animals
general properties of crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
24. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
alkalinizing crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
sensible fluid losses
25. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
most important colloid in the blood
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
26. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
phases of a fluid therapy plan
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
primary effect of colloids
effective osmoles
27. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
28. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
advantages of the IV route of administration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
primary effect of colloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
29. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
total body water (TBW)
most important colloid in the blood
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
30. 30% body weight
effective osmoles
ICF in large animals
potassium
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
31. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
dehydration
acidifying crystalloids
ICF in large animals
properties of isotonic crystalloids
32. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
typical uses for IO route of administration
effective osmoles
ICF is small animals
33. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
alkalinizing crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
34. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
traditional shock dose
alkalinizing crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
35. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
anion gap
hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult cat
36. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance water requirement
alkalinizing crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ECF in small animal adults
37. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
acidifying crystalloids
38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
maintenance for a normal adult cow
potassium
traditional shock dose
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
39. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
total body water (TBW)
potassium
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
40. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
iso-omolality of the body
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
41. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
Vetstarch
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in cats
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
42. 50 m;/kg/day
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
maintenance for a normal adult cow
tonicity
43. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
blood volume in adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
44. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
45. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
skin elasticity test
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total osmolality
dehydration
46. 40% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
total body water (TBW)
ineffective osmole
ICF is small animals
47. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
Vetstarch
ineffective osmole
categorizations of crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
48. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
ICF is small animals
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
indications for canine plasma
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
49. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
law of electroneutrality
complications of catheterization
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
50. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
ICF in large animals