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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 40% body weight






2. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






3. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






4. Urinary -fecal






5. 300 mosm/L






6. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






7. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






8. 5% body weight






9. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






10. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






11. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






13. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






14. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






15. 30% body weight






16. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






17. 20% body weight






18. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






19. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






20. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






21. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






23. 70% body weight






24. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






25. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






26. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






27. 60% body weight






28. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






29. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






30. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






31. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






32. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






33. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






34. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






35. 6% body weight






36. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






37. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






38. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






39. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






40. Sodium and associated anions






41. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






42. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






43. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






44. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






45. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






46. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






47. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






48. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






49. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time