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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






2. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






4. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






5. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






6. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






7. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






8. Potential for transfusion reactions.






9. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






10. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






11. Urinary -fecal






12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






13. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






14. The concentration of effective osmoles.






15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






16. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






17. Changes in body weight over time.






18. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






19. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






20. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






21. 60% body weight






22. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






23. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






24. Albumin






25. Interstitial fluid + blood






26. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






27. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






28. Lateral neck skin






29. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






30. 50 m;/kg/day






31. 4% body weight






32. 5% body weight






33. 30% body weight






34. 40% body weight






35. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






36. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






38. Lower eyelid






39. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






40. 20 to 25 mmHG






41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






42. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






43. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






44. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






46. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






47. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






48. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






49. 20% body weight






50. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases







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