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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






2. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






3. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






4. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






5. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






6. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






7. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






8. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






9. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






10. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






11. 70% body weight






12. 30% body weight






13. The concentration of effective osmoles.






14. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






15. 50 m;/kg/day






16. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






17. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






18. 300 mosm/L






19. Lower eyelid






20. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






21. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






23. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






24. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






25. 20 to 25 mmHG






26. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






27. 5% body weight






28. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






29. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






30. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






31. 40% body weight






32. 6% body weight






33. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






34. The loss of intravascular fluid.






35. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






36. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






37. 60% body weight






38. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






39. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






40. Urinary -fecal






41. Interstitial fluid + blood






42. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






43. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






44. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






45. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






46. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






47. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






48. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






49. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






50. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)