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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Urinary -fecal






2. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






4. 60% body weight






5. 4% body weight






6. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






9. The concentration of effective osmoles.






10. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






11. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






12. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






13. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






14. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






15. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






16. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






17. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






18. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






19. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






20. 40 ml/kg/day






21. 40% body weight






22. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






23. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






24. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






25. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






26. 30% body weight






27. Albumin






28. The loss of intravascular fluid.






29. 300 mosm/L






30. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






31. 20% body weight






32. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






34. Lower eyelid






35. Sodium and associated anions






36. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






37. 70% body weight






38. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






39. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






40. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






41. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






42. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






43. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






44. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






45. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






46. 50 m;/kg/day






47. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






48. 30% body weight






49. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






50. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity