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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interstitial fluid + blood






2. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






3. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






4. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






5. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






6. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






7. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






8. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






9. Changes in body weight over time.






10. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






11. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






12. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






13. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






14. 20 to 25 mmHG






15. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






16. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






17. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






18. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






20. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






21. Albumin






22. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






23. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






24. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






25. The concentration of effective osmoles.






26. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






27. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






28. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






29. 40% body weight






30. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






31. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






32. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






33. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






34. 300 mosm/L






35. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






36. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






37. 30% body weight






38. 6% body weight






39. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






40. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






41. Lower eyelid






42. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






44. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






45. Sodium and associated anions






46. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






47. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






48. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






49. Urinary -fecal






50. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.