Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






2. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






3. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






5. Total body water






6. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






7. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






8. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






9. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






10. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






11. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






12. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






13. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






14. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






15. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






16. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






17. 40% body weight






18. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






19. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






20. Sodium and associated anions






21. 40% body weight






22. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






23. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






24. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






25. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






26. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






27. The loss of intravascular fluid.






28. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






29. 5% body weight






30. 8% body weight






31. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






34. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






35. Urinary -fecal






36. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






37. 4% body weight






38. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






39. 20% body weight






40. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






41. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






42. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






43. Lower eyelid






44. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






45. 60% body weight






46. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






47. 6% body weight






48. Lateral neck skin






49. Interstitial fluid + blood






50. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.