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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
plasma volume in adults
2. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
plasma volume in cats
goal of maintenance fluids
complications of catheterization
insensible losses
3. 40% body weight
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
potassium
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult dog
4. 8% body weight
categorizations of crystalloids
blood volume in adults
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
indications for canine plasma
5. Lateral neck skin
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of isotonic crystalloids
6. 20% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
7. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
sodium
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
effective osmoles
8. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
tonicity
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
complications of catheterization
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ineffective osmole
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
10. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
shock dose for hypertonic saline
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
hydration parameters for physical examone
typical uses for IO route of administration
11. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
phases of a fluid therapy plan
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
12. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
13. The loss of intravascular fluid.
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
14. Total body water
ECF in small animal adults
Vetstarch
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
15. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
general properties of crystalloids
anion gap
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
16. 70% body weight
ECF in small animal adults
anion gap
advantages of the IV route of administration
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
17. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
ICF is small animals
hypovolemia
osmolality
bloodwork changes and dehydration
18. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
ICF in large animals
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
19. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
20. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
primary effect of colloids
effective osmoles
21. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
advantages of the SC route of administration
22. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
ICF is small animals
plasma volume in adults
tonicity
dehydration
23. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
properties of isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
primary effect of colloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
24. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
complications of catheterization
25. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
anion gap
typical uses for IV route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
26. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
effective osmoles
canine plasma
typical uses for IO route of administration
27. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult horse
ICF in large animals
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
28. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
interstitial fluid
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
complications of catheterization
mucous membrane moistness
29. The concentration of effective osmoles.
bloodwork changes and dehydration
tonicity
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult cat
31. 70% body weight
typical uses for IO route of administration
TBW in adults
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
advantages of the SC route of administration
32. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
complications of the SC route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
ineffective osmole
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
33. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
blood volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
Vetstarch
34. Extracellular water + intracellular water
shock dose for hypertonic saline
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
total body water (TBW)
categorizations of crystalloids
35. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hydration parameters for physical examone
hypotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
hydroxyethyl starch
36. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
normal osmolality of body fluid
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
hypertonic crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
37. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
38. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
skin elasticity test
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
hypertonic crystalloids
edema
39. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
goals of fluid resuscitation
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
40. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
total body water (TBW)
canine plasma
hypertonic crystalloids
41. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
sodium
signs of hypovolemia
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
42. Urinary -fecal
hypertonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF is small animals
sensible fluid losses
43. Interstitial fluid + blood
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
extracellular fluid (ECF)
skin elasticity test
mucous membrane moistness
44. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
insensible losses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
45. 40 ml/kg/day
tonicity
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
46. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
shock does for hetastarch
hypertonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
47. Albumin
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
48. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
49. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
iso-omolality of the body
50. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
interstitial fluid
blood volume in adults