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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
advantages of the SC route of administration
total osmolality
hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
2. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
TBW in adults
total osmolality
bloodwork changes and dehydration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
3. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
sodium
normal osmolality of body fluid
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
4. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
dehydration
advantages of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
5. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
insensible losses
acidifying crystalloids
complications of catheterization
osmolality
6. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
7. 4% body weight
blood volume in cats
typical uses for IO route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
plasma volume in cats
8. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
potassium
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
9. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
interstitial fluid
shock dose for hypertonic saline
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
10. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
edema
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
11. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
ineffective osmole
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
advantages of the SC route of administration
12. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
bloodwork changes and dehydration
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
13. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
skin elasticity test
14. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
15. 30% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animal adults
ineffective osmole
16. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
potassium
hypovolemia
17. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
sensible fluid losses
maintenance for a normal adult cow
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
18. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
skin elasticity test
normal osmolality of body fluid
ECF in large animal adults
anion gap
19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
20. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
osmolality
Vetstarch
phases of a fluid therapy plan
21. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
22. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance water requirement
potassium
23. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
24. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance water requirement
blood volume in adults
plasma volume in adults
25. 70% body weight
shock dose for hypertonic saline
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
26. Potential for transfusion reactions.
maintenance for a normal adult cat
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
adverse effects of canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
27. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
complications of the SC route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
28. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
29. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
hypertonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
30. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
indications for canine plasma
properties of isotonic crystalloids
31. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
blood volume in cats
blood volume in adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
32. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
hypotonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
goals of fluid resuscitation
33. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
normal osmolality of body fluid
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
plasma volume in cats
skin elasticity test
34. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
shock dose for hypertonic saline
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
goal of maintenance fluids
35. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
maintenance for a normal adult horse
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
general properties of crystalloids
36. Sodium and associated anions
skin elasticity test
maintenance water requirement
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
anion gap
37. Interstitial fluid + blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
blood volume in adults
primary effect of colloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
38. 20 to 25 mmHG
hypotonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
Vetstarch
dehydration
39. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
Vetstarch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
40. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
edema
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
anion gap
41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
interstitial fluid
primary effect of colloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
42. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
43. Changes in body weight over time.
alkalinizing crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
44. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
most important colloid in the blood
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
45. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
46. Urinary -fecal
sensible fluid losses
maintenance for a normal adult horse
anion gap
goal of maintenance fluids
47. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hypertonic crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
48. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
ICF is small animals
49. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
plasma volume in adults
primary effect of colloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
mucous membrane moistness
50. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
TBW in adults