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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
ICF is small animals
hypovolemia
canine plasma
2. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ECF in small animal adults
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
sodium
3. 40% body weight
bloodwork changes and dehydration
ICF is small animals
ineffective osmole
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
4. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
interstitial fluid
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
5. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
plasma volume in cats
osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
6. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
maintenance for a normal adult dog
potassium
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
7. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
alkalinizing crystalloids
TBW in adults
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the IV route of administration
8. 8% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
typical uses for IO route of administration
blood volume in adults
9. The concentration of effective osmoles.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
categorizations of crystalloids
tonicity
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
10. 40 ml/kg/day
typical uses for IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult cow
TBW in adults
11. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
maintenance for a normal adult dog
12. Lower eyelid
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
osmolality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
13. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
ICF in large animals
goals of fluid resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
14. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
maintenance for a normal adult horse
hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
15. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
osmolality
potassium
hydration parameters for physical examone
indications for canine plasma
16. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
normal osmolality of body fluid
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
17. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
phases of a fluid therapy plan
insensible losses
potassium
interstitial fluid
18. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
most important colloid in the blood
mucous membrane moistness
goal of maintenance fluids
signs of hypovolemia
19. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
insensible losses
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
20. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
plasma volume in cats
hydroxyethyl starch
21. 40% body weight
normal vascular oncotic pressure
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
22. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
ICF in large animals
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
typical uses for IV route of administration
23. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
typical uses for IV route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
24. 20 to 25 mmHG
potassium
normal vascular oncotic pressure
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
iso-omolality of the body
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
26. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
potassium
anion gap
27. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
28. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
plasma volume in adults
29. Urinary -fecal
potassium
sensible fluid losses
effective osmoles
ineffective osmole
30. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
dehydration
31. Interstitial fluid + blood
maintenance water requirement
extracellular fluid (ECF)
normal osmolality of body fluid
effective osmoles
32. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
hydration parameters for physical examone
categorizations of crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
blood volume in adults
33. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
sodium
alkalinizing crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
34. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
shock does for hetastarch
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
goal of maintenance fluids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
35. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
36. 30% body weight
indications for canine plasma
ECF in large animal adults
total osmolality
osmolality
37. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
38. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
blood volume in adults
properties of isotonic crystalloids
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
goals of fluid resuscitation
39. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
hypertonic crystalloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
40. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
typical uses for IO route of administration
dehydration
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
41. 4% body weight
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
blood volume in adults
complications of catheterization
plasma volume in cats
42. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
typical uses for IO route of administration
edema
hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
43. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
advantages of the SC route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
44. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
hydration parameters for physical examone
ICF is small animals
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
45. 60% body weight
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
sodium
skin elasticity test
46. 70% body weight
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
edema
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
47. 30% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
general properties of crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
48. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
complications of the SC route of administration
osmolality
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
edema
49. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
50. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
ineffective osmole
plasma volume in cats