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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight
potassium
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IO route of administration
plasma volume in adults
2. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
skin elasticity test
insensible losses
acidifying crystalloids
3. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
plasma volume in adults
mucous membrane moistness
hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
4. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
potassium
advantages of the IO route of administration
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
mucous membrane moistness
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
advantages of the SC route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
6. Extracellular water + intracellular water
indications for canine plasma
total body water (TBW)
shock dose for hypertonic saline
plasma volume in cats
7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hypovolemia
types of the fluids used for maintenance
mucous membrane moistness
8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ICF is small animals
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
9. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
ECF in large animal adults
complications of the SC route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
10. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
signs of hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
11. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
12. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
ICF in large animals
properties of isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
acidifying crystalloids
13. The loss of intravascular fluid.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
hypovolemia
signs of hypovolemia
14. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
typical uses for IO route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
shock dose for hypertonic saline
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
15. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
traditional shock dose
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance for a normal adult dog
16. Lateral neck skin
hypertonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
canine plasma
17. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
goals of fluid resuscitation
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
18. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
iso-omolality of the body
dehydration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
19. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
20. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult cat
total body water (TBW)
Vetstarch
21. Sodium and associated anions
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
indications for canine plasma
22. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
edema
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
shock does for hetastarch
23. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
typical uses for IO route of administration
plasma volume in cats
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
24. 40% body weight
ICF is small animals
total osmolality
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
insensible losses
25. Total body water
maintenance for a normal adult dog
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
effective osmoles
26. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
primary effect of colloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
27. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
ineffective osmole
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
28. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
traditional shock dose
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
29. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
30. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
tonicity
31. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
advantages of the IV route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
anion gap
maintenance water requirement
32. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
insensible losses
mucous membrane moistness
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
33. Interstitial fluid + blood
anion gap
extracellular fluid (ECF)
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
34. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
insensible losses
maintenance for a normal adult cow
35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
phases of a fluid therapy plan
advantages of the SC route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
osmolality
36. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
signs of hypovolemia
ICF is small animals
anion gap
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
37. 30% body weight
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
ECF in large animal adults
osmolality
38. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
39. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
maintenance for a normal adult horse
plasma volume in adults
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
40. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
total body water (TBW)
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
canine plasma
maintenance for a normal adult horse
advantages of the SC route of administration
effective osmoles
42. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
signs of hypovolemia
normal osmolality of body fluid
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
43. Urinary -fecal
advantages of the IV route of administration
sensible fluid losses
ECF in small animal adults
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
44. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
normal osmolality of body fluid
bloodwork changes and dehydration
45. The concentration of effective osmoles.
TBW in adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
tonicity
sodium
46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
typical uses for IV route of administration
indications for canine plasma
tonicity
maintenance for a normal adult dog
47. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
sensible fluid losses
48. Lower eyelid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
complications of catheterization
typical uses for IV route of administration
tonicity
49. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
tonicity
hypertonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
insensible losses
50. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
sodium
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age