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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






2. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






3. 40% body weight






4. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






5. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






6. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






7. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






8. Potential for transfusion reactions.






9. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






10. 20 to 25 mmHG






11. 30% body weight






12. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






13. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






14. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






15. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






16. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






17. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






18. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






19. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






20. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






21. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






22. 40 ml/kg/day






23. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






24. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






25. Lower eyelid






26. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






27. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






28. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






29. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






30. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






31. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






32. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






33. Lateral neck skin






34. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






35. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






36. 70% body weight






37. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






38. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






40. 20% body weight






41. 30% body weight






42. The concentration of effective osmoles.






43. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






44. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






45. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






46. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






47. Total body water






48. 8% body weight






49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






50. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.