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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






2. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






3. Lower eyelid






4. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






5. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






6. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






7. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






8. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






9. Potential for transfusion reactions.






10. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






11. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






12. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






13. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






14. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






15. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






16. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






17. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






18. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






19. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






20. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






21. 50 m;/kg/day






22. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






23. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






24. 60% body weight






25. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






26. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






27. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






28. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






29. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






30. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






32. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






33. Interstitial fluid + blood






34. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






35. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






36. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






37. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






38. 30% body weight






39. 40 ml/kg/day






40. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






41. 40% body weight






42. Lateral neck skin






43. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






44. Urinary -fecal






45. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






46. Albumin






47. The loss of intravascular fluid.






48. 8% body weight






49. Changes in body weight over time.






50. 70% body weight