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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
TBW in adults
2. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
ICF in large animals
sensible fluid losses
complications of catheterization
advantages of the SC route of administration
3. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IV route of administration
4. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
dehydration
edema
5. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
mucous membrane moistness
potassium
6. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
traditional shock dose
interstitial fluid
plasma volume in adults
7. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
8. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
edema
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
alkalinizing crystalloids
9. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
osmolality
ineffective osmole
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
shock dose for hypertonic saline
10. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
shock does for hetastarch
11. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IV route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
typical uses for IO route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
12. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
total osmolality
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
goals of fluid resuscitation
primary effect of colloids
13. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
plasma volume in adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
14. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
traditional shock dose
primary effect of colloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
15. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
16. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
complications of catheterization
tonicity
goal of maintenance fluids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
17. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
shock does for hetastarch
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
iso-omolality of the body
TBW in adults
18. The loss of intravascular fluid.
blood volume in cats
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
19. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
total osmolality
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
categorizations of crystalloids
20. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
complications of the SC route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
21. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
plasma volume in adults
ineffective osmole
typical uses for IO route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
22. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
sensible fluid losses
maintenance for a normal adult dog
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
24. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
general properties of crystalloids
canine plasma
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance for a normal adult cow
25. Urinary -fecal
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
primary effect of colloids
sensible fluid losses
typical uses for IV route of administration
26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
hypovolemia
27. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
osmolality
blood volume in adults
types of the fluids used for maintenance
total osmolality
28. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
advantages of the IO route of administration
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
traditional shock dose
general properties of crystalloids
29. 40% body weight
tonicity
canine plasma
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
ICF is small animals
30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
sodium
31. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
indications for canine plasma
law of electroneutrality
hydration parameters for physical examone
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
32. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypovolemia
33. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
alkalinizing crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
dehydration
typical uses for IO route of administration
34. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
shock does for hetastarch
35. 50 m;/kg/day
blood volume in cats
shock does for hetastarch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult cow
36. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
edema
shock does for hetastarch
37. The concentration of effective osmoles.
TBW in adults
general properties of crystalloids
traditional shock dose
tonicity
38. Extracellular water + intracellular water
advantages of the SC route of administration
total body water (TBW)
hydration parameters for physical examone
normal osmolality of body fluid
39. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
interstitial fluid
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
40. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
maintenance for a normal adult dog
complications of catheterization
goal of maintenance fluids
advantages of the SC route of administration
41. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
phases of a fluid therapy plan
interstitial fluid
42. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
blood volume in cats
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
categorizations of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
43. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
law of electroneutrality
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
44. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
blood volume in adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
alkalinizing crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
ECF in large animal adults
acidifying crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ineffective osmole
46. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
blood volume in cats
sodium
47. Changes in body weight over time.
indications for canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
interstitial fluid
48. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
blood volume in cats
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
anion gap
interstitial fluid
49. 70% body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
properties of isotonic crystalloids
Vetstarch
50. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
traditional shock dose
sodium
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution