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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight
primary effect of colloids
plasma volume in adults
advantages of the IV route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
2. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
anion gap
typical uses for IV route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
advantages of the IV route of administration
3. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
bloodwork changes and dehydration
advantages of the IO route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
total osmolality
4. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
5. 40 ml/kg/day
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
normal osmolality of body fluid
6. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
normal osmolality of body fluid
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
7. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance water requirement
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
extracellular fluid (ECF)
8. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
edema
iso-omolality of the body
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
9. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
complications of catheterization
osmolality
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
10. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
law of electroneutrality
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
11. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance for a normal adult dog
advantages of the IO route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
12. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
blood volume in adults
ineffective osmole
13. 300 mosm/L
blood volume in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
maintenance for a normal adult cow
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
14. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
general properties of crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
15. 70% body weight
interstitial fluid
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
16. 4% body weight
maintenance water requirement
normal vascular oncotic pressure
most important colloid in the blood
plasma volume in cats
17. 60% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
18. 40% body weight
typical uses for IV route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
canine plasma
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
19. Total body water
typical uses for IO route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
20. 20% body weight
blood volume in cats
ECF in small animal adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
plasma volume in cats
21. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
skin elasticity test
22. Changes in body weight over time.
most important colloid in the blood
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
ineffective osmole
23. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
shock does for hetastarch
sensible fluid losses
24. Urinary -fecal
mucous membrane moistness
maintenance for a normal adult dog
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
sensible fluid losses
25. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
sodium
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
traditional shock dose
hydroxyethyl starch
26. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
complications of catheterization
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
27. 30% body weight
dehydration
goal of maintenance fluids
shock does for hetastarch
ICF in large animals
28. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
osmolality
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
hypertonic crystalloids
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
29. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
mucous membrane moistness
canine plasma
goals of fluid resuscitation
interstitial fluid
30. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
dehydration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
skin elasticity test
31. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
adverse effects of canine plasma
most important colloid in the blood
complications of catheterization
edema
32. 20 to 25 mmHG
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
normal vascular oncotic pressure
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
33. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
plasma volume in cats
shock dose for hypertonic saline
ECF in small animal adults
osmolality
34. Lateral neck skin
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
35. 30% body weight
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
ICF is small animals
ECF in large animal adults
36. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
interstitial fluid
37. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
primary effect of colloids
signs of hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult cow
38. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
complications of catheterization
mucous membrane moistness
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
39. Interstitial fluid + blood
primary effect of colloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
40. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
maintenance for a normal adult horse
law of electroneutrality
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
adverse effects of canine plasma
hydration parameters for physical examone
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
42. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
iso-omolality of the body
primary effect of colloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
typical uses for IO route of administration
43. Potential for transfusion reactions.
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
44. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
ICF in large animals
sensible fluid losses
45. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult dog
general properties of crystalloids
insensible losses
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
46. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids
osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
47. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
general properties of crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hydration parameters for physical examone
maintenance for a normal adult dog
48. 50 m;/kg/day
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in cats
normal osmolality of body fluid
maintenance for a normal adult cow
49. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
most important colloid in the blood
hydration parameters for physical examone
law of electroneutrality
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
50. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
goal of maintenance fluids