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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






2. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






3. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






6. 20% body weight






7. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






8. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






9. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






10. 8% body weight






11. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






12. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






13. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






14. 5% body weight






15. 4% body weight






16. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






17. Potential for transfusion reactions.






18. Sodium and associated anions






19. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






20. 300 mosm/L






21. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






22. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






23. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






24. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






25. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






26. The loss of intravascular fluid.






27. Interstitial fluid + blood






28. 70% body weight






29. 6% body weight






30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






31. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






32. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






33. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






34. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






35. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






36. 40 ml/kg/day






37. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






38. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






39. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






40. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






41. Lateral neck skin






42. 20 to 25 mmHG






43. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






44. 50 m;/kg/day






45. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






46. 30% body weight






47. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






48. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






50. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase







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