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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 300 mosm/L
blood volume in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
maintenance for a normal adult horse
dehydration
2. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
edema
blood volume in adults
hypotonic crystalloids
3. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
maintenance for a normal adult cat
traditional shock dose
primary effect of colloids
interstitial fluid
4. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly
hydroxyethyl starch
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
5. 60% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
6. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
potassium
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of isotonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
7. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
alkalinizing crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
8. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
sodium
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
9. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
hydration parameters for physical examone
shock dose for hypertonic saline
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
primary effect of colloids
10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
insensible losses
hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
11. 30% body weight
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
ICF in large animals
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in adults
12. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
effective osmoles
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
13. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
phases of a fluid therapy plan
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
14. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
traditional shock dose
properties of isotonic crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
phases of a fluid therapy plan
15. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
16. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
17. 6% body weight
ICF in large animals
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
blood volume in cats
18. 30% body weight
blood volume in adults
anion gap
traditional shock dose
ECF in large animal adults
19. 40% body weight
edema
hydration parameters for physical examone
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
TBW in adults
20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
primary effect of colloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
ICF is small animals
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
21. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
22. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
anion gap
phases of a fluid therapy plan
goal of maintenance fluids
advantages of the IO route of administration
23. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
mucous membrane moistness
total body water (TBW)
complications of catheterization
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
24. 20 to 25 mmHG
ECF in small animal adults
canine plasma
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
25. Sodium and associated anions
adverse effects of canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
ECF in large animal adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
26. 70% body weight
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
osmolality
Vetstarch
hydroxyethyl starch
27. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
total osmolality
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
ineffective osmole
28. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of canine plasma
mucous membrane moistness
29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
iso-omolality of the body
most important colloid in the blood
goals of fluid resuscitation
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
30. 40% body weight
TBW in adults
complications of the SC route of administration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
31. Potential for transfusion reactions.
TBW in adults
adverse effects of canine plasma
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
typical uses for IO route of administration
32. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
33. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
hydration parameters for physical examone
law of electroneutrality
effective osmoles
34. 5% body weight
ICF in large animals
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
plasma volume in adults
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
35. 70% body weight
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
iso-omolality of the body
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
advantages of the IO route of administration
36. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
37. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
maintenance for a normal adult horse
types of the fluids used for maintenance
38. 50 m;/kg/day
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
maintenance for a normal adult cow
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
39. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
osmolality
typical uses for IO route of administration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
40. 40 ml/kg/day
extracellular fluid (ECF)
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
skin elasticity test
41. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
normal vascular oncotic pressure
law of electroneutrality
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
42. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
mucous membrane moistness
signs of hypovolemia
plasma volume in adults
43. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
ECF in small animal adults
general properties of crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
44. Extracellular water + intracellular water
mucous membrane moistness
plasma volume in cats
blood volume in adults
total body water (TBW)
45. 20% body weight
typical uses for IV route of administration
ECF in small animal adults
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
typical uses for IO route of administration
46. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
traditional shock dose
law of electroneutrality
skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
47. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult dog
goals of fluid resuscitation
sodium
48. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
sodium
hypovolemia
maintenance for a normal adult cat
49. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
hydroxyethyl starch
complications of the SC route of administration
typical uses for IV route of administration
hypotonic crystalloids
50. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
mucous membrane moistness
phases of a fluid therapy plan