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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






2. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






3. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






4. Interstitial fluid + blood






5. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






6. Potential for transfusion reactions.






7. 4% body weight






8. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






9. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






10. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






11. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






12. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






13. Sodium and associated anions






14. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






15. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






16. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






17. 70% body weight






18. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






19. Lower eyelid






20. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






21. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






22. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






23. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






24. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






25. 30% body weight






26. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






27. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






28. Total body water






29. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






30. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






31. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






32. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






33. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






34. The concentration of effective osmoles.






35. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






36. 20 to 25 mmHG






37. 8% body weight






38. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






39. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






40. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






41. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






42. 60% body weight






43. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






44. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






45. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






46. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






47. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






48. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






49. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






50. 20% body weight