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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






2. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






3. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






4. 20% body weight






5. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






6. 20 to 25 mmHG






7. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






8. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






9. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






10. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






11. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






12. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






13. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






14. Changes in body weight over time.






15. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






16. 40% body weight






17. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






18. The loss of intravascular fluid.






19. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






20. 300 mosm/L






21. Interstitial fluid + blood






22. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






23. Albumin






24. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






25. 4% body weight






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






28. Urinary -fecal






29. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






30. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






31. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






32. 70% body weight






33. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






34. Potential for transfusion reactions.






35. 60% body weight






36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






37. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






38. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






39. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






40. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






41. Extracellular water + intracellular water






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






44. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






45. 5% body weight






46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






47. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






48. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






49. 6% body weight






50. The concentration of effective osmoles.