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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






2. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






3. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






4. 4% body weight






5. 70% body weight






6. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






7. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






8. Total body water






9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






10. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






11. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






12. 5% body weight






13. Potential for transfusion reactions.






14. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






15. 40 ml/kg/day






16. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






17. 50 m;/kg/day






18. Albumin






19. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






20. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






21. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






22. 30% body weight






23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






24. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






25. 30% body weight






26. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






27. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






28. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






29. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






30. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






31. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






32. Lateral neck skin






33. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






34. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






35. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






36. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






37. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






38. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






39. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






40. 60% body weight






41. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






44. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






45. Changes in body weight over time.






46. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






47. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






48. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






49. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






50. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr







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