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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
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health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
blood volume in cats
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
2. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
alkalinizing crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
typical uses for IO route of administration
3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
hydration parameters for physical examone
acidifying crystalloids
4. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
skin elasticity test
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
types of the fluids used for maintenance
5. 4% body weight
advantages of the IV route of administration
plasma volume in cats
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
6. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
indications for canine plasma
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
7. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
extracellular fluid (ECF)
8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
maintenance for a normal adult cat
iso-omolality of the body
advantages of the IV route of administration
edema
9. 20% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch
ineffective osmole
ECF in small animal adults
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
10. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
advantages of the IV route of administration
potassium
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
signs of hypovolemia
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult cow
12. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
dehydration
acidifying crystalloids
13. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
complications of the SC route of administration
14. 6% body weight
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ECF in large animal adults
blood volume in cats
total osmolality
15. Interstitial fluid + blood
signs of hypovolemia
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
skin elasticity test
extracellular fluid (ECF)
16. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
types of the fluids used for maintenance
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
skin elasticity test
normal vascular oncotic pressure
17. 70% body weight
ICF in large animals
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance water requirement
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
18. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
ECF in large animal adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
19. 5% body weight
normal vascular oncotic pressure
plasma volume in adults
blood volume in adults
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
plasma volume in cats
plasma volume in adults
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
21. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
plasma volume in adults
edema
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
advantages of the IV route of administration
22. 30% body weight
typical uses for IO route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
anion gap
sensible fluid losses
23. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
insensible losses
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
plasma volume in adults
24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
ECF in small animal adults
primary effect of colloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
25. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
26. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
goals of fluid resuscitation
27. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
TBW in adults
bloodwork changes and dehydration
complications of the SC route of administration
28. 8% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
effective osmoles
blood volume in adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
29. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
potassium
plasma volume in adults
mucous membrane moistness
30. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
skin elasticity test
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
categorizations of crystalloids
31. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
mucous membrane moistness
most important colloid in the blood
sensible fluid losses
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
32. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
hypertonic crystalloids
osmolality
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
acidifying crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
34. 20 to 25 mmHG
shock does for hetastarch
plasma volume in adults
maintenance for a normal adult cat
normal vascular oncotic pressure
35. The concentration of effective osmoles.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
tonicity
anion gap
law of electroneutrality
36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
complications of the SC route of administration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
osmolality
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
37. Urinary -fecal
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
sensible fluid losses
typical uses for IV route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
38. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
mucous membrane moistness
advantages of the IO route of administration
39. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
goal of maintenance fluids
40. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
acidifying crystalloids
signs of hypovolemia
blood volume in adults
primary effect of colloids
41. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IV route of administration
categorizations of crystalloids
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
43. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
primary effect of colloids
total body water (TBW)
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
44. 60% body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
TBW in adults
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
45. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
46. Lateral neck skin
dehydration
ECF in small animal adults
edema
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
47. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
osmolality
48. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
ineffective osmole
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
49. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
general properties of crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
plasma volume in cats
50. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance water requirement