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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






2. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






3. Sodium and associated anions






4. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






5. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






6. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






7. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






8. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






9. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






10. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






11. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






12. Total body water






13. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






14. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






15. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






16. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






17. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






18. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






19. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






20. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






21. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






22. 50 m;/kg/day






23. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






24. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






25. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






26. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






27. The loss of intravascular fluid.






28. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






29. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






30. 30% body weight






31. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






32. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






33. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






34. 20% body weight






35. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






36. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






37. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






38. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






39. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






40. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






41. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






42. 40% body weight






43. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






44. 60% body weight






45. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






46. 70% body weight






47. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






48. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






49. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






50. Urinary -fecal