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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






2. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






3. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






4. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






5. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






6. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






7. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






8. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






9. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






10. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






11. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






12. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






13. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






14. 20 to 25 mmHG






15. Changes in body weight over time.






16. 50 m;/kg/day






17. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






18. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






19. Interstitial fluid + blood






20. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






21. 30% body weight






22. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






23. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






24. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






25. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






26. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






27. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






28. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






29. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






30. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






31. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






32. 40% body weight






33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






34. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






36. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






37. Extracellular water + intracellular water






38. 4% body weight






39. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






40. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






41. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






42. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






43. The loss of intravascular fluid.






44. Urinary -fecal






45. 300 mosm/L






46. The concentration of effective osmoles.






47. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






48. Lower eyelid






49. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






50. 40% body weight