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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
2. 70% body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
advantages of the SC route of administration
3. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
goal of maintenance fluids
plasma volume in adults
hypertonic crystalloids
4. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
hypovolemia
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
maintenance for a normal adult dog
5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
general properties of crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
6. Interstitial fluid + blood
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
extracellular fluid (ECF)
normal osmolality of body fluid
7. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
primary effect of colloids
8. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of isotonic crystalloids
general properties of crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
9. 6% body weight
shock dose for hypertonic saline
adverse effects of canine plasma
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
10. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
properties of isotonic crystalloids
maintenance water requirement
primary effect of colloids
plasma volume in adults
11. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
anion gap
goals of fluid resuscitation
maintenance for a normal adult cat
12. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance for a normal adult dog
skin elasticity test
13. Total body water
interstitial fluid
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypovolemia
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
14. Urinary -fecal
ECF in small animal adults
advantages of the IV route of administration
sensible fluid losses
skin elasticity test
15. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
extracellular fluid (ECF)
properties of isotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
primary effect of colloids
16. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
complications of the SC route of administration
ineffective osmole
iso-omolality of the body
plasma volume in adults
17. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
maintenance for a normal adult cow
primary effect of colloids
complications of catheterization
tonicity
18. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
extracellular fluid (ECF)
maintenance for a normal adult horse
19. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch
advantages of the IV route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
20. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
potassium
blood volume in cats
21. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of canine plasma
22. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
sodium
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
23. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
plasma volume in adults
ICF in large animals
24. 30% body weight
ECF in large animal adults
phases of a fluid therapy plan
Vetstarch
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
25. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
ICF in large animals
anion gap
osmolality
ineffective osmole
26. 70% body weight
anion gap
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
interstitial fluid
27. 20 to 25 mmHG
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IO route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
28. The concentration of effective osmoles.
signs of hypovolemia
tonicity
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
bloodwork changes and dehydration
29. 60% body weight
hypovolemia
sodium
skin elasticity test
TBW in adults
30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
acidifying crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
31. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
total osmolality
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
canine plasma
32. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
osmolality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hydration parameters for physical examone
indications for canine plasma
33. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
alkalinizing crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
plasma volume in cats
advantages of the SC route of administration
34. Lower eyelid
hypovolemia
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
most important colloid in the blood
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
35. 40% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
ICF is small animals
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
36. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
advantages of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
37. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
dehydration
iso-omolality of the body
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
38. Potential for transfusion reactions.
normal osmolality of body fluid
signs of hypovolemia
adverse effects of canine plasma
effective osmoles
39. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
sodium
sensible fluid losses
hypertonic crystalloids
40. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
extracellular fluid (ECF)
41. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
42. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
types of the fluids used for maintenance
shock does for hetastarch
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
43. 30% body weight
ICF in large animals
anion gap
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hypovolemia
44. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
blood volume in adults
iso-omolality of the body
potassium
45. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
normal vascular oncotic pressure
ineffective osmole
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
46. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
signs of hypovolemia
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
47. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
TBW in adults
mucous membrane moistness
48. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of canine plasma
49. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
50. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
shock does for hetastarch
potassium
signs of hypovolemia
typical uses for IO route of administration