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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






2. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






3. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






4. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






6. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






7. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






8. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






9. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






10. Extracellular water + intracellular water






11. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






13. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






14. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






15. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






16. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






17. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






18. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






19. Potential for transfusion reactions.






20. 40% body weight






21. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






22. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






23. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






24. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






25. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






26. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






27. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






28. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






29. 30% body weight






30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






31. 40 ml/kg/day






32. 4% body weight






33. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






34. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






35. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






37. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






39. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






40. Lower eyelid






41. The concentration of effective osmoles.






42. Lateral neck skin






43. 6% body weight






44. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






45. 300 mosm/L






46. Total body water






47. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






48. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






49. 20 to 25 mmHG






50. 60% body weight