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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






2. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






3. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






4. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






5. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






6. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






7. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






8. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






9. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






13. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






14. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






15. 30% body weight






16. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






17. Lower eyelid






18. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






19. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






20. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






21. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






22. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






23. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






24. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






25. Changes in body weight over time.






26. The loss of intravascular fluid.






27. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






28. Albumin






29. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






30. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






31. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






32. 300 mosm/L






33. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






34. 60% body weight






35. 20 to 25 mmHG






36. 40% body weight






37. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






38. 70% body weight






39. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






40. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






41. Total body water






42. 5% body weight






43. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






44. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






45. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






46. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






47. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






48. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






49. Extracellular water + intracellular water






50. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.