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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






2. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






3. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






4. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






5. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






6. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






7. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






8. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






9. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






10. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






11. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






12. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






13. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






14. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






15. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






16. 50 m;/kg/day






17. 40% body weight






18. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






19. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






20. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






21. 40 ml/kg/day






22. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






23. Total body water






24. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






26. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






27. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






28. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






29. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






30. Urinary -fecal






31. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






32. Lateral neck skin






33. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






34. Albumin






35. The concentration of effective osmoles.






36. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






37. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






38. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






40. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






41. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






42. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






43. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






44. 20% body weight






45. 5% body weight






46. 40% body weight






47. 60% body weight






48. Potential for transfusion reactions.






49. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






50. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation