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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes. 2 minutes extra for reading the instructions.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 8% body weight






2. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






3. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






4. Total body water






5. 4% body weight






6. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






8. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






9. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






10. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






12. 6% body weight






13. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






14. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






15. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






16. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






17. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






18. Albumin






19. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






20. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






21. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






22. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






23. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






24. 40% body weight






25. The concentration of effective osmoles.






26. Changes in body weight over time.






27. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






28. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






29. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






30. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






31. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






32. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






33. Interstitial fluid + blood






34. 300 mosm/L






35. Sodium and associated anions






36. 70% body weight






37. 40% body weight






38. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






39. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






40. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






41. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






42. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






43. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






44. 50 m;/kg/day






45. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






46. 5% body weight






47. Urinary -fecal






48. 40 ml/kg/day






49. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






50. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






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