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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






2. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






3. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






4. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






5. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






6. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






7. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






8. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






9. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






10. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






11. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






13. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






14. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






15. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






16. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






17. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






18. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






19. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






20. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






21. 70% body weight






22. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






23. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






24. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






25. The concentration of effective osmoles.






26. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






27. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






28. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






29. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






30. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






31. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






32. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






33. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






34. 40% body weight






35. The loss of intravascular fluid.






36. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






37. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






38. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






39. 20% body weight






40. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






41. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






42. 300 mosm/L






43. 30% body weight






44. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






45. 60% body weight






46. 8% body weight






47. Albumin






48. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






49. Total body water






50. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.