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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






2. Extracellular water + intracellular water






3. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






4. 50 m;/kg/day






5. 5% body weight






6. 4% body weight






7. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






8. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






10. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






11. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






12. 70% body weight






13. The concentration of effective osmoles.






14. Sodium and associated anions






15. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






16. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






17. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






18. Urinary -fecal






19. 30% body weight






20. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






21. Total body water






22. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






23. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






24. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






25. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






26. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






27. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






28. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






29. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






30. Interstitial fluid + blood






31. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






32. Lateral neck skin






33. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






34. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






35. 40% body weight






36. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






37. 40 ml/kg/day






38. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






39. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






40. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






41. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






42. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






43. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






44. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






45. Albumin






46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






47. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






48. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






49. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time