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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






2. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






3. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






4. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






5. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






6. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






7. Albumin






8. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






9. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






10. 70% body weight






11. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






12. 20% body weight






13. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






14. 5% body weight






15. Lateral neck skin






16. Potential for transfusion reactions.






17. Changes in body weight over time.






18. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






19. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






20. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






21. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






22. Lower eyelid






23. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






24. 6% body weight






25. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






26. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






27. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






28. Total body water






29. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






30. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






31. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






32. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






33. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






34. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






35. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






36. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






37. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






38. Extracellular water + intracellular water






39. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






40. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






41. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






42. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






43. Sodium and associated anions






44. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






45. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






46. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






47. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






48. Interstitial fluid + blood






49. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






50. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75