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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






2. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






3. 20% body weight






4. 70% body weight






5. 60% body weight






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. 8% body weight






8. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






9. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






12. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






13. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






14. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






15. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






16. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






17. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






18. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






19. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






20. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






21. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






22. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






23. 40% body weight






24. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






25. Interstitial fluid + blood






26. 50 m;/kg/day






27. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






28. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






29. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






30. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






31. Lower eyelid






32. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






33. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






34. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






35. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






36. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






37. 6% body weight






38. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






39. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






40. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






41. Urinary -fecal






42. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






43. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






44. Total body water






45. Lateral neck skin






46. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






47. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






48. 40% body weight






49. Sodium and associated anions






50. 30% body weight