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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






2. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






3. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






4. 60% body weight






5. The loss of intravascular fluid.






6. 40% body weight






7. 8% body weight






8. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






9. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






12. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






13. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






14. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






15. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






18. Total body water






19. 40% body weight






20. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






21. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






22. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






23. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






25. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






26. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






27. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






28. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






30. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






31. The concentration of effective osmoles.






32. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






33. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






34. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






35. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






36. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






37. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






38. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






39. 6% body weight






40. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






41. Potential for transfusion reactions.






42. 4% body weight






43. Lateral neck skin






44. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






45. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






46. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






47. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






48. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






49. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






50. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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