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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






2. Albumin






3. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






4. 70% body weight






5. 30% body weight






6. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






7. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






8. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






9. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






10. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






11. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






12. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






13. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






14. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






15. 4% body weight






16. The loss of intravascular fluid.






17. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






18. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






19. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






20. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






21. 40 ml/kg/day






22. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






23. Extracellular water + intracellular water






24. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






25. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






26. Changes in body weight over time.






27. 70% body weight






28. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






29. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






30. 20 to 25 mmHG






31. 8% body weight






32. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






33. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






34. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






35. 60% body weight






36. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






37. Potential for transfusion reactions.






38. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






39. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






40. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






41. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






42. Interstitial fluid + blood






43. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






44. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






45. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






46. 20% body weight






47. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






48. 300 mosm/L






49. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






50. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space