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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
complications of the SC route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
2. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
total osmolality
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
ineffective osmole
3. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
phases of a fluid therapy plan
effective osmoles
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
4. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
sodium
ECF in small animal adults
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
typical uses for IV route of administration
5. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
shock dose for hypertonic saline
edema
skin elasticity test
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
6. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
hydroxyethyl starch
acidifying crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
7. 40% body weight
osmolality
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
hypotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
8. Extracellular water + intracellular water
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
complications of the SC route of administration
total body water (TBW)
9. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
types of the fluids used for maintenance
10. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
alkalinizing crystalloids
traditional shock dose
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
11. Changes in body weight over time.
skin elasticity test
advantages of the IO route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
12. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
traditional shock dose
shock dose for hypertonic saline
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
13. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
plasma volume in adults
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
phases of a fluid therapy plan
14. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
typical uses for IV route of administration
ICF in large animals
Vetstarch
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
15. 20% body weight
blood volume in adults
ECF in small animal adults
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
total osmolality
16. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
17. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
total body water (TBW)
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
sensible fluid losses
ineffective osmole
18. Interstitial fluid + blood
sodium
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
19. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
plasma volume in adults
hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
insensible losses
20. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
canine plasma
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
goals of fluid resuscitation
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
21. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
signs of hypovolemia
potassium
general properties of crystalloids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
22. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
typical uses for IO route of administration
traditional shock dose
sensible fluid losses
23. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
advantages of the SC route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
indications for canine plasma
24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
hydration parameters for physical examone
hypotonic crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
25. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
blood volume in cats
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
26. 40% body weight
insensible losses
typical uses for IV route of administration
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
acidifying crystalloids
27. The concentration of effective osmoles.
dehydration
tonicity
Vetstarch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
28. 50 m;/kg/day
categorizations of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cow
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
29. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
anion gap
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
phases of a fluid therapy plan
30. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
31. Potential for transfusion reactions.
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
maintenance for a normal adult cat
adverse effects of canine plasma
32. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
goal of maintenance fluids
ineffective osmole
adverse effects of canine plasma
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
33. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
osmolality
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
34. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
normal osmolality of body fluid
advantages of the IO route of administration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
35. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
potassium
goals of fluid resuscitation
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
36. 60% body weight
advantages of the IV route of administration
TBW in adults
blood volume in adults
iso-omolality of the body
37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
shock dose for hypertonic saline
normal osmolality of body fluid
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
advantages of the SC route of administration
38. 8% body weight
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
blood volume in adults
39. Albumin
typical uses for IO route of administration
Vetstarch
acidifying crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
40. Sodium and associated anions
hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
blood volume in cats
goal of maintenance fluids
41. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
42. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
mucous membrane moistness
complications of the SC route of administration
43. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
shock does for hetastarch
phases of a fluid therapy plan
complications of the SC route of administration
sodium
44. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
advantages of the IO route of administration
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
edema
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
45. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
hydroxyethyl starch
shock does for hetastarch
skin elasticity test
sodium
46. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
adverse effects of canine plasma
normal osmolality of body fluid
47. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
general properties of crystalloids
hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
48. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ineffective osmole
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
49. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
sodium
mucous membrane moistness
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
50. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
mucous membrane moistness
general properties of crystalloids