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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






2. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






3. The loss of intravascular fluid.






4. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






5. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






6. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






7. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






8. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






9. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






10. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






11. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






12. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






13. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






14. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






15. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






16. 40 ml/kg/day






17. 6% body weight






18. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






19. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






20. Extracellular water + intracellular water






21. Changes in body weight over time.






22. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






23. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






24. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






27. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






28. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






29. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






30. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






31. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






32. Total body water






33. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






34. 30% body weight






35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






36. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






37. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






38. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






39. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






40. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






41. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






42. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






43. 4% body weight






44. Sodium and associated anions






45. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






46. Potential for transfusion reactions.






47. The concentration of effective osmoles.






48. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






49. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






50. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test