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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






2. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






3. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






4. 50 m;/kg/day






5. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






6. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






7. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






8. Changes in body weight over time.






9. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






12. 300 mosm/L






13. Lower eyelid






14. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






15. 20 to 25 mmHG






16. 30% body weight






17. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






18. Total body water






19. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






20. Potential for transfusion reactions.






21. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






22. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






23. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






24. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






25. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






26. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






28. 30% body weight






29. Albumin






30. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






31. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






32. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






33. The concentration of effective osmoles.






34. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






35. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






36. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






37. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






38. 60% body weight






39. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






40. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






41. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






42. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






43. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






44. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






45. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






46. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






47. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






48. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






49. 20% body weight






50. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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