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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
ineffective osmole
ECF in small animal adults
traditional shock dose
complications of catheterization
2. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
alkalinizing crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult dog
TBW in adults
3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypovolemia
goal of maintenance fluids
4. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus
iso-omolality of the body
types of the fluids used for maintenance
shock does for hetastarch
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
5. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d
shock dose for hypertonic saline
effective osmoles
adverse effects of canine plasma
Vetstarch
6. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
Vetstarch
plasma volume in cats
canine plasma
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
8. 70% body weight
complications of catheterization
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
9. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
bloodwork changes and dehydration
advantages of the SC route of administration
10. Changes in body weight over time.
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypertonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
11. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
maintenance for a normal adult dog
alkalinizing crystalloids
sodium
skin elasticity test
12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
alkalinizing crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
13. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
anion gap
general properties of crystalloids
14. 300 mosm/L
normal osmolality of body fluid
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
15. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
signs of hypovolemia
adverse effects of canine plasma
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
16. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
ICF in large animals
ineffective osmole
Vetstarch
iso-omolality of the body
17. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
traditional shock dose
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
plasma volume in adults
18. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
typical uses for IV route of administration
total osmolality
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
total osmolality
sodium
mucous membrane moistness
20. 40 ml/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult horse
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
hydroxyethyl starch
21. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
indications for canine plasma
types of the fluids used for maintenance
potassium
normal osmolality of body fluid
22. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
blood volume in cats
signs of hypovolemia
23. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
sensible fluid losses
advantages of the IV route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
24. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
sodium
tonicity
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
25. Lower eyelid
osmolality
blood volume in adults
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
26. Albumin
most important colloid in the blood
complications of catheterization
ECF in large animal adults
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
27. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
blood volume in cats
maintenance for a normal adult horse
28. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
typical uses for IV route of administration
traditional shock dose
29. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
dehydration
hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
30. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.
maintenance for a normal adult cow
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
iso-omolality of the body
skin elasticity test
31. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
advantages of the SC route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
32. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
ECF in large animal adults
ICF in large animals
categorizations of crystalloids
interstitial fluid
33. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
extracellular fluid (ECF)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
34. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
phases of a fluid therapy plan
signs of hypovolemia
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
35. The concentration of effective osmoles.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
hydration parameters for physical examone
tonicity
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
36. Urinary -fecal
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
sensible fluid losses
advantages of the IO route of administration
37. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
effective osmoles
ineffective osmole
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
traditional shock dose
indications for canine plasma
advantages of the SC route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
39. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
edema
plasma volume in cats
advantages of the SC route of administration
dehydration
40. Total body water
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
41. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
Vetstarch
mucous membrane moistness
categorizations of crystalloids
42. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
insensible losses
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
most important colloid in the blood
TBW in adults
43. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
Vetstarch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
hydroxyethyl starch
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
44. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
maintenance for a normal adult dog
advantages of the IV route of administration
advantages of the IO route of administration
total osmolality
45. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
normal vascular oncotic pressure
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
46. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
alkalinizing crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
hydration parameters for physical examone
advantages of the SC route of administration
47. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
48. Lateral neck skin
sensible fluid losses
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
49. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
anion gap
maintenance water requirement
insensible losses
50. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
most important colloid in the blood
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration