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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
advantages of the IO route of administration
traditional shock dose
maintenance for a normal adult dog
total osmolality
2. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
traditional shock dose
goals of fluid resuscitation
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
3. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
ECF in large animal adults
edema
signs of hypovolemia
hydration parameters for physical examone
4. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
hydration parameters for physical examone
sodium
mucous membrane moistness
5. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions
indications for canine plasma
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
alkalinizing crystalloids
6. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
total osmolality
dehydration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
7. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
typical uses for IV route of administration
advantages of the IV route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
8. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
total body water (TBW)
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
9. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
signs of hypovolemia
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
ineffective osmole
primary effect of colloids
10. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
tonicity
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
11. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
edema
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
ECF in large animal adults
properties of isotonic crystalloids
12. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
iso-omolality of the body
complications of the SC route of administration
osmolality
law of electroneutrality
13. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
tonicity
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
signs of hypovolemia
types of the fluids used for maintenance
14. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
categorizations of crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
shock does for hetastarch
extracellular fluid (ECF)
15. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
ECF in small animal adults
shock dose for hypertonic saline
dehydration
advantages of the IV route of administration
16. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
17. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
general properties of crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
18. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
advantages of the IV route of administration
goals of fluid resuscitation
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
shock does for hetastarch
19. Potential for transfusion reactions.
effective osmoles
complications of catheterization
adverse effects of canine plasma
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
20. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
osmolality
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
21. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
typical uses for IO route of administration
interstitial fluid
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
22. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
anion gap
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
osmolality
types of the fluids used for maintenance
23. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
24. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
phases of a fluid therapy plan
plasma volume in adults
normal vascular oncotic pressure
25. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
plasma volume in cats
advantages of the SC route of administration
edema
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
26. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
potassium
ICF is small animals
osmolality
hydration parameters for physical examone
27. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
hydroxyethyl starch
insensible losses
properties of isotonic crystalloids
28. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
effective osmoles
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
29. 30% body weight
advantages of the IV route of administration
ICF in large animals
edema
indications for canine plasma
30. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
hydroxyethyl starch
goals of fluid resuscitation
skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cat
31. 40 ml/kg/day
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ICF is small animals
ECF in large animal adults
maintenance for a normal adult horse
32. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
complications of the SC route of administration
maintenance for a normal adult horse
sensible fluid losses
33. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
edema
sodium
34. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
insensible losses
anion gap
osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids
35. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
phases of a fluid therapy plan
36. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
blood volume in cats
sensible fluid losses
traditional shock dose
goal of maintenance fluids
37. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
normal osmolality of body fluid
interstitial fluid
maintenance water requirement
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
38. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ECF in large animal adults
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
advantages of the IO route of administration
39. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
total osmolality
effective osmoles
maintenance for a normal adult dog
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
40. Lower eyelid
complications of catheterization
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
iso-omolality of the body
41. The concentration of effective osmoles.
normal osmolality of body fluid
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
tonicity
ineffective osmole
42. Lateral neck skin
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
TBW in adults
canine plasma
43. 6% body weight
ICF in large animals
blood volume in cats
complications of catheterization
potassium
44. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
hydration parameters for physical examone
advantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
typical uses for IV route of administration
45. 300 mosm/L
ineffective osmole
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
ECF in small animal adults
normal osmolality of body fluid
46. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
total osmolality
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
maintenance water requirement
47. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
law of electroneutrality
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
ICF in large animals
48. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
extracellular fluid (ECF)
bloodwork changes and dehydration
plasma volume in adults
49. 20 to 25 mmHG
hydration parameters for physical examone
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
typical uses for IV route of administration
50. 60% body weight
categorizations of crystalloids
anion gap
TBW in adults
disadvantages of the SC route of administration