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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






2. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






3. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






4. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






5. 70% body weight






6. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






7. Lateral neck skin






8. Extracellular water + intracellular water






9. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






10. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






11. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






12. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






13. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






14. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






15. 50 m;/kg/day






16. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






17. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






18. 60% body weight






19. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






20. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






21. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






22. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






23. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






24. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






25. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






26. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






27. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






28. 40% body weight






29. 6% body weight






30. Changes in body weight over time.






31. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






32. 20 to 25 mmHG






33. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






34. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






35. 300 mosm/L






36. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






37. 30% body weight






38. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






39. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






40. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






41. 40% body weight






42. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






43. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






44. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






45. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






46. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






47. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






48. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






49. 30% body weight






50. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement