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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






2. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






3. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






4. 30% body weight






5. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






6. 20% body weight






7. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






8. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






9. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






10. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






11. 5% body weight






12. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






13. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






14. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






15. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






16. 30% body weight






17. Extracellular water + intracellular water






18. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






19. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






20. Changes in body weight over time.






21. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






22. 8% body weight






23. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






24. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






25. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






26. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






27. 40 ml/kg/day






28. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






29. Potential for transfusion reactions.






30. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






31. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






32. 70% body weight






33. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






34. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






35. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






36. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






37. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






38. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






40. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






41. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






42. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






43. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






44. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






45. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






46. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






47. Interstitial fluid + blood






48. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






49. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






50. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)