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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






2. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






3. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






4. Lower eyelid






5. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






6. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






7. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






8. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






9. Total body water






10. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






11. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






12. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






13. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






14. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






15. 30% body weight






16. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






17. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






18. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






19. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






20. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






21. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






22. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






23. 8% body weight






24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






25. Sodium and associated anions






26. Lateral neck skin






27. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






28. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






29. The loss of intravascular fluid.






30. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






31. 20 to 25 mmHG






32. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






33. 4% body weight






34. Albumin






35. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






36. 60% body weight






37. Interstitial fluid + blood






38. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






39. 30% body weight






40. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






41. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






42. Extracellular water + intracellular water






43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






44. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






45. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






46. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






47. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






48. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






49. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






50. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis