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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






2. 8% body weight






3. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






4. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






5. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






6. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






7. 30% body weight






8. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






9. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






10. Lateral neck skin






11. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






12. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






13. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






14. Total body water






15. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






16. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






17. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






18. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






19. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






20. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






21. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






22. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






23. 300 mosm/L






24. 70% body weight






25. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






26. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






27. Albumin






28. The concentration of effective osmoles.






29. 20 to 25 mmHG






30. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






31. The loss of intravascular fluid.






32. 30% body weight






33. Sodium and associated anions






34. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






35. Extracellular water + intracellular water






36. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






37. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






38. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






40. 4% body weight






41. 20% body weight






42. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






45. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






46. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






47. Changes in body weight over time.






48. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






49. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






50. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases