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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
insensible losses
signs of hypovolemia
anion gap
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
hypotonic crystalloids
complications of the SC route of administration
general properties of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
3. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
4. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
types of the fluids used for maintenance
maintenance water requirement
goal of maintenance fluids
mucous membrane moistness
5. The concentration of effective osmoles.
iso-omolality of the body
ECF in large animal adults
tonicity
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
6. 4% body weight
plasma volume in cats
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
7. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
interstitial fluid
8. 40% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
iso-omolality of the body
typical uses for IO route of administration
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
9. 20 to 25 mmHG
maintenance for a normal adult dog
normal vascular oncotic pressure
total osmolality
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
10. 70% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
11. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypovolemia
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult horse
insensible losses
12. 40 ml/kg/day
total osmolality
hypertonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
advantages of the SC route of administration
13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
advantages of the IV route of administration
phases of a fluid therapy plan
plasma volume in adults
dehydration
14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
15. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection
phases of a fluid therapy plan
typical uses for IO route of administration
complications of the SC route of administration
advantages of the IO route of administration
16. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance for a normal adult horse
extracellular fluid (ECF)
maintenance water requirement
traditional shock dose
17. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
indications for canine plasma
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
goal of maintenance fluids
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
18. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
plasma volume in cats
sodium
hydration parameters for physical examone
19. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
anion gap
alkalinizing crystalloids
20. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hydration parameters for physical examone
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
acidifying crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
signs of hypovolemia
total osmolality
22. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
advantages of the IO route of administration
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
23. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
advantages of the IV route of administration
iso-omolality of the body
shock does for hetastarch
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia
hydration parameters for physical examone
total osmolality
blood volume in cats
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
25. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
insensible losses
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
blood volume in adults
26. Interstitial fluid + blood
blood volume in cats
sensible fluid losses
extracellular fluid (ECF)
normal osmolality of body fluid
27. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
28. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
typical uses for IO route of administration
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
29. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
iso-omolality of the body
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
acidifying crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
30. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
ECF in large animal adults
sodium
31. 20% body weight
plasma volume in adults
ECF in small animal adults
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
32. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
alkalinizing crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
33. Urinary -fecal
maintenance for a normal adult horse
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
sensible fluid losses
34. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
normal vascular oncotic pressure
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
35. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance water requirement
most important colloid in the blood
law of electroneutrality
36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
signs of hypovolemia
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
37. 40% body weight
complications of catheterization
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
ICF is small animals
38. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
law of electroneutrality
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cow
39. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
goal of maintenance fluids
plasma volume in cats
hydration parameters for physical examone
40. 5% body weight
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
shock dose for hypertonic saline
hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
41. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
law of electroneutrality
blood volume in adults
typical uses for IO route of administration
traditional shock dose
42. Lower eyelid
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
alkalinizing crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
43. 300 mosm/L
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
normal osmolality of body fluid
normal vascular oncotic pressure
complications of catheterization
44. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
TBW in adults
skin elasticity test
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
45. 8% body weight
mucous membrane moistness
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
blood volume in adults
46. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
phases of a fluid therapy plan
blood volume in cats
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
47. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
48. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.
indications for canine plasma
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
plasma volume in cats
ineffective osmole
49. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
iso-omolality of the body
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
maintenance water requirement
hypotonic crystalloids
50. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
canine plasma
total osmolality
interstitial fluid
maintenance for a normal adult dog