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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






2. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






3. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






4. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






5. 4% body weight






6. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






7. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






8. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






9. 20% body weight






10. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






12. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






13. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






14. 6% body weight






15. Interstitial fluid + blood






16. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






17. 70% body weight






18. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






19. 5% body weight






20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






21. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






22. 30% body weight






23. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






24. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






25. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






26. 40 ml/kg/day






27. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






28. 8% body weight






29. 50 m;/kg/day






30. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






31. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






32. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






34. 20 to 25 mmHG






35. The concentration of effective osmoles.






36. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






37. Urinary -fecal






38. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






39. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






40. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






41. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






42. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






43. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






44. 60% body weight






45. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






46. Lateral neck skin






47. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






48. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






49. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






50. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M