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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 70% body weight






2. Potential for transfusion reactions.






3. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






4. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






5. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






6. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






7. 8% body weight






8. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






9. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






10. 60% body weight






11. Lateral neck skin






12. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






13. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






14. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






15. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






16. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






17. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






18. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






19. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






20. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






21. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






22. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






23. Lower eyelid






24. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






25. Sodium and associated anions






26. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






27. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






28. 50 m;/kg/day






29. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






30. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






31. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






32. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






33. Changes in body weight over time.






34. Interstitial fluid + blood






35. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






36. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






37. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






38. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






39. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






40. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






41. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






42. 40% body weight






43. 300 mosm/L






44. 40 ml/kg/day






45. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






46. 30% body weight






47. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






48. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






49. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






50. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d