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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






2. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






3. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






4. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






5. Interstitial fluid + blood






6. Albumin






7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






8. 40 ml/kg/day






9. 20% body weight






10. 6% body weight






11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






12. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






13. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






14. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






15. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






16. 20 to 25 mmHG






17. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






18. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






19. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






21. Total body water






22. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






23. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






24. 40% body weight






25. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






26. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






27. The concentration of effective osmoles.






28. Lateral neck skin






29. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






30. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






31. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






34. 70% body weight






35. 300 mosm/L






36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






37. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






38. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






39. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






40. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






41. 50 m;/kg/day






42. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






43. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






44. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






45. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






46. 60% body weight






47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






48. The loss of intravascular fluid.






49. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury