Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






2. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






3. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






4. Interstitial fluid + blood






5. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






6. 6% body weight






7. Total body water






8. Potential for transfusion reactions.






9. Changes in body weight over time.






10. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






11. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






12. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






13. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






14. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






15. Sodium and associated anions






16. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






17. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






18. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






19. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






20. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






21. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






22. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






23. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






24. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






25. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






26. 30% body weight






27. 70% body weight






28. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






29. The concentration of effective osmoles.






30. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






31. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






32. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






33. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






34. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






35. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






36. 70% body weight






37. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






38. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






39. Lateral neck skin






40. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






41. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






42. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






43. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






44. The loss of intravascular fluid.






45. Urinary -fecal






46. 40% body weight






47. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






48. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






49. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






50. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia