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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






2. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






3. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






4. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






5. The concentration of effective osmoles.






6. 4% body weight






7. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






8. 40% body weight






9. 20 to 25 mmHG






10. 70% body weight






11. The loss of intravascular fluid.






12. 40 ml/kg/day






13. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






14. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






15. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






16. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






17. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






18. Total body water






19. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






20. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






21. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






22. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






23. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






24. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






25. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






26. Interstitial fluid + blood






27. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






28. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






29. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






30. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






31. 20% body weight






32. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






33. Urinary -fecal






34. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






35. 50 m;/kg/day






36. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






37. 40% body weight






38. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






39. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






40. 5% body weight






41. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






42. Lower eyelid






43. 300 mosm/L






44. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






45. 8% body weight






46. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






47. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






48. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






49. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






50. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.