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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 6% body weight






2. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






3. 300 mosm/L






4. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






5. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






6. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






7. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






8. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






9. 20% body weight






10. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






11. Total body water






12. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






13. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






14. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






15. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






16. 70% body weight






17. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






18. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






19. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






20. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






21. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






22. 70% body weight






23. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






24. Extracellular water + intracellular water






25. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






26. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






27. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






28. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






30. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






31. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






32. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






33. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






34. Lower eyelid






35. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






36. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






37. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






38. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






39. Albumin






40. Interstitial fluid + blood






41. Changes in body weight over time.






42. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






43. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






44. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






45. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






46. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






47. The loss of intravascular fluid.






48. 4% body weight






49. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






50. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.