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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight






2. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






3. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






4. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






5. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






6. Extracellular water + intracellular water






7. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






8. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






9. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






10. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






11. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






12. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






13. The loss of intravascular fluid.






14. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






15. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






16. Lateral neck skin






17. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






18. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






19. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






20. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






21. Sodium and associated anions






22. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






23. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






24. 40% body weight






25. Total body water






26. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






27. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






28. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






29. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






30. 30% body weight






31. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






32. 40% body weight






33. Interstitial fluid + blood






34. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






35. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






36. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






37. 30% body weight






38. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






39. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






40. 70% body weight






41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






42. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






43. Urinary -fecal






44. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






45. The concentration of effective osmoles.






46. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






47. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






48. Lower eyelid






49. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






50. Potential for transfusion reactions.