SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
2. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M
hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
total body water (TBW)
dehydration
3. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.
acidifying crystalloids
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
hypertonic crystalloids
indications for canine plasma
4. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis
complications of the SC route of administration
goal of maintenance fluids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
advantages of the SC route of administration
5. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
types of the fluids used for maintenance
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
goals of fluid resuscitation
6. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
7. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
effective osmoles
phases of a fluid therapy plan
8. 20 to 25 mmHG
complications of catheterization
typical uses for IO route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
normal vascular oncotic pressure
9. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
mucous membrane moistness
hypertonic crystalloids
10. 40% body weight
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
alkalinizing crystalloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
11. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr
insensible losses
goals of fluid resuscitation
normal osmolality of body fluid
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
12. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
ICF is small animals
properties of isotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
blood volume in adults
13. 5% body weight
plasma volume in adults
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
adverse effects of canine plasma
categorizations of crystalloids
14. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
anion gap
hypertonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
15. Potential for transfusion reactions.
blood volume in cats
adverse effects of canine plasma
plasma volume in cats
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
16. 20% body weight
edema
ECF in small animal adults
ECF in large animal adults
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
17. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
adverse effects of canine plasma
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
hydration parameters for physical examone
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
18. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
advantages of the IV route of administration
bloodwork changes and dehydration
interstitial fluid
19. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
most important colloid in the blood
primary effect of colloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
20. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative
hypertonic crystalloids
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
ICF is small animals
maintenance for a normal adult dog
21. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
shock does for hetastarch
edema
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ineffective osmole
22. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.
edema
total body water (TBW)
sodium
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
23. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
tonicity
phases of a fluid therapy plan
24. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
maintenance for a normal adult cow
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
insensible losses
25. Urinary -fecal
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult cat
sensible fluid losses
26. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
signs of hypovolemia
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hydration parameters for physical examone
general properties of crystalloids
27. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
maintenance for a normal adult cat
maintenance water requirement
hypotonic crystalloids
mucous membrane moistness
28. Lower eyelid
total osmolality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
hypertonic crystalloids
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
29. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75
traditional shock dose
potassium
maintenance for a normal adult dog
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
30. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
advantages of the SC route of administration
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
31. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion
shock does for hetastarch
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
signs of hypovolemia
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
32. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
TBW in adults
plasma volume in adults
canine plasma
general properties of crystalloids
33. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
34. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
advantages of the SC route of administration
interstitial fluid
osmolality
shock dose for hypertonic saline
35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
advantages of the IV route of administration
shock does for hetastarch
shock dose for hypertonic saline
signs of hypovolemia
36. 40% body weight
goals of fluid resuscitation
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
ICF is small animals
hydroxyethyl starch
37. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
maintenance for a normal adult cat
advantages of the SC route of administration
38. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
advantages of the IO route of administration
shock dose for hypertonic saline
39. Extracellular water + intracellular water
total body water (TBW)
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
40. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
41. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.
typical uses for IO route of administration
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
normal vascular oncotic pressure
categorizations of crystalloids
42. 4% body weight
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
plasma volume in cats
ECF in large animal adults
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
maintenance for a normal adult horse
phases of a fluid therapy plan
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
dehydration
44. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases
sodium
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
45. 40 ml/kg/day
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult horse
signs of hypovolemia
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
46. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
signs of hypovolemia
typical uses for IO route of administration
indications for canine plasma
general properties of crystalloids
47. The concentration of effective osmoles.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
tonicity
interstitial fluid
typical uses for IV route of administration
48. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
shock does for hetastarch
49. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
ICF in large animals
law of electroneutrality
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
50. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total body water (TBW)
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids