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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






2. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






3. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






4. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






5. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






6. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






7. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






8. 60% body weight






9. The loss of intravascular fluid.






10. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






11. 6% body weight






12. 30% body weight






13. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






14. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






15. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






16. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






17. Extracellular water + intracellular water






18. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






19. Sodium and associated anions






20. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






21. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






22. The concentration of effective osmoles.






23. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






24. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






25. 70% body weight






26. Total body water






27. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






28. Lower eyelid






29. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






30. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






31. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






32. Albumin






33. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






34. 30% body weight






35. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






36. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






37. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






38. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






39. Urinary -fecal






40. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






41. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






42. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






43. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






44. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






46. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






47. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






48. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






49. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






50. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor