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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 60% body weight






2. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






3. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






4. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






5. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






6. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






7. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






8. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






9. 30% body weight






10. 70% body weight






11. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






12. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






13. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






14. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






15. Interstitial fluid + blood






16. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






17. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






18. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






19. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






20. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






21. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






22. Lateral neck skin






23. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






24. 50 m;/kg/day






25. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






26. The concentration of effective osmoles.






27. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






28. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






29. 5% body weight






30. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






31. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






32. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






34. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






35. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






36. 300 mosm/L






37. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






38. Lower eyelid






39. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






40. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






41. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






42. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






43. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






44. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






45. 70% body weight






46. Sodium and associated anions






47. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






48. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






49. Urinary -fecal






50. 6% body weight