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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






2. Sodium and associated anions






3. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






4. Lower eyelid






5. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






6. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






7. 30% body weight






8. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






9. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






10. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






11. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






12. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






13. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






14. Changes in body weight over time.






15. 6% body weight






16. 5% body weight






17. Urinary -fecal






18. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






19. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






20. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






21. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






22. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






23. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






24. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






25. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






26. 4% body weight






27. 20% body weight






28. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






29. 40 ml/kg/day






30. Extracellular water + intracellular water






31. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






33. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






34. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






35. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






36. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






37. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






38. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






39. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






40. Lateral neck skin






41. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






42. 30% body weight






43. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






44. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






45. 70% body weight






46. 8% body weight






47. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






48. 300 mosm/L






49. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury