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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
total osmolality
plasma volume in adults
2. 40% body weight
mucous membrane moistness
total body water (TBW)
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
3. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
maintenance for a normal adult horse
insensible losses
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
4. 60% body weight
TBW in adults
sensible fluid losses
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
5. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
indications for canine plasma
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
advantages of the IV route of administration
6. 30% body weight
Vetstarch
effective osmoles
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
7. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
potassium
general properties of crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
categorizations of crystalloids
8. Extracellular water + intracellular water
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
total body water (TBW)
maintenance for a normal adult horse
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
9. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
10. 6% body weight
advantages of the IV route of administration
osmolality
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
blood volume in cats
11. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
normal osmolality of body fluid
ICF is small animals
12. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
plasma volume in cats
adverse effects of canine plasma
total osmolality
13. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
effective osmoles
bloodwork changes and dehydration
maintenance for a normal adult dog
14. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hydroxyethyl starch
tonicity
bloodwork changes and dehydration
15. 70% body weight
shock dose for hypertonic saline
total body water (TBW)
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
signs of hypovolemia
16. Urinary -fecal
complications of the SC route of administration
law of electroneutrality
sensible fluid losses
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
17. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
complications of catheterization
hydroxyethyl starch
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
18. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
properties of isotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IO route of administration
acidifying crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
19. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
Vetstarch
types of the fluids used for maintenance
sodium
20. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
complications of catheterization
most important colloid in the blood
canine plasma
dehydration
21. 40% body weight
complications of catheterization
goal of maintenance fluids
properties of isotonic crystalloids
ICF is small animals
22. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
primary effect of colloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
23. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
categorizations of crystalloids
extracellular fluid (ECF)
24. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
complications of the SC route of administration
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
phases of a fluid therapy plan
most important colloid in the blood
25. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.
effective osmoles
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
26. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
ECF in large animal adults
interstitial fluid
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
27. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
shock dose for hypertonic saline
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
28. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
29. 30% body weight
primary effect of colloids
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
ICF in large animals
Vetstarch
30. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
acidifying crystalloids
maintenance for a normal adult cat
31. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used
osmolality
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
advantages of the IV route of administration
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle
32. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
shock does for hetastarch
categorizations of crystalloids
hydration parameters for physical examone
bloodwork changes and dehydration
33. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
acidifying crystalloids
tonicity
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
34. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
acidifying crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
35. Sodium and associated anions
sodium
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
TBW in adults
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
36. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
anion gap
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
law of electroneutrality
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
37. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration
contraindications for hypotonic crystalloids
total body water (TBW)
skin elasticity test
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
38. 4% body weight
breakdown of the loss from the ECF compartment
plasma volume in cats
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
total osmolality
39. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.
potassium
primary effect of colloids
goals of fluid resuscitation
maintenance water requirement
40. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
maintenance for a normal adult cow
osmolality
hypertonic crystalloids
41. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of isotonic crystalloids
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
indications for canine plasma
42. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
normal vascular oncotic pressure
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
hypotonic crystalloids
43. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
hypertonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
44. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes
isotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
shock does for hetastarch
hydration parameters for physical examone
maintenance for a normal adult horse
45. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
bloodwork changes and dehydration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
most important colloid in the blood
46. 4 ml/kg IV bolus
shock dose for hypertonic saline
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
blood volume in cats
47. Changes in body weight over time.
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
alkalinizing crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
hydration parameters for physical examone
48. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
maintenance water requirement
blood volume in cats
49. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
indications for canine plasma
goal of maintenance fluids
dehydration
50. Lower eyelid
ICF is small animals
ICF in large animals
tonicity
location of the skin elasticity test in cattle