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Test your basic knowledge |
Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
emergency-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity
sodium
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
maintenance for a normal adult cow
edema
2. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test
mucous membrane moistness
maintenance for a normal adult horse
osmolality
maintenance water requirement
3. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation
indications for canine plasma
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: BV
bloodwork changes and dehydration
4. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.
sensible fluid losses
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
anion gap
5. Interstitial fluid + blood
extracellular fluid (ECF)
types of the fluids used for maintenance
Vetstarch
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
6. Albumin
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
osmotic determinants of volume: ECF
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
most important colloid in the blood
7. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.
canine plasma
bloodwork changes and dehydration
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
skin elasticity test
8. 40 ml/kg/day
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
plasma volume in adults
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
maintenance for a normal adult horse
9. 20% body weight
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
typical uses for IO route of administration
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
ECF in small animal adults
10. 6% body weight
blood volume in cats
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
dehydration
advantages of the SC route of administration
11. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight
most important colloid in the blood
signs of hypovolemia
complications of catheterization
ECF in small animal adults
12. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access
sensible fluid losses
disadvantages of the IO route of administration
ECF in large animal adults
primary effect of colloids
13. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
TBW in large animals less that 30 days of age
general properties of crystalloids
complications of catheterization
14. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus
advantages of the IV route of administration
traditional shock dose
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
maintenance for a normal adult dog
15. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor
alkalinizing crystalloids
types of the fluids used for maintenance
clinical indications for isotonic crystalloids
anion gap
16. 20 to 25 mmHG
normal osmolality of body fluid
total body water (TBW)
osmolality
normal vascular oncotic pressure
17. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
TBW in adults
shock dose for hypertonic saline
dextrose 5% in water (D5W)
18. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism
hydration parameters for physical examone
advantages of the IV route of administration
plasma volume in cats
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
19. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.
anion gap
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
advantages of the IV route of administration
20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
categorizations of crystalloids
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
goals of fluid resuscitation
21. Total body water
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
properties of isotonic crystalloids
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
extracellular fluid (ECF)
22. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given
ICF in large animals
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
hydroxyethyl starch volume of distribution
normal osmolality of body fluid
23. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement
maintenance water requirement
maintenance for a normal adult dog
advantages of the IO route of administration
TBW in adults
24. 40% body weight
phases of a fluid therapy plan
hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
goal of maintenance fluids
25. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)
hypotonic crystalloids
typical uses for IV route of administration
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
clinical indications for hypotonic crystalloids
26. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium
insensible losses
influence of age on the skin elasticity test
signs of hypovolemia
dehydration
27. The concentration of effective osmoles.
maintenance water requirement
tonicity
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
total osmolality
28. Lateral neck skin
maintenance for a normal adult horse
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
adverse effects of hypertonic crystalloids
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
29. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract
typical uses for IO route of administration
insensible losses
indications for canine plasma
typical uses for IV route of administration
30. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases
influence in body condition on the skin elasticity test
osmotic determinants of volume: ICF
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
blood volume in cats
31. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space
complications of the SC route of administration
alkalinizing crystalloids
primary effect of colloids
advantages of the SC route of administration
32. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.
normal vascular oncotic pressure
maintenance for a normal adult dog
the effects of isotonic fluid loss
vascular expansion of hypertonic crystalloids
33. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.
location of the skin elasticity test in horses
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
dehydration
law of electroneutrality
34. 70% body weight
adverse effects of canine plasma
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
potassium
35. 300 mosm/L
advantages of the SC route of administration
normal osmolality of body fluid
blood volume in cats
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss
bloodwork changes and dehydration
alkalinizing crystalloids
ECF in small animal adults
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
37. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia
clinical indications for hydroxyethyl starch
ECF in large animals less than 30 days of age
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
hypovolemia
38. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -
types of the fluids used for maintenance
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
normal vascular oncotic pressure
advantages of the SC route of administration
39. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.
dehydration
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
adverse affects of hydroxyethyl starch
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
40. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time
properties of colloids with large macromolecules
properties of hypertonic crystalloids
TBW is obese large animals and extremely large horses
categorizations of crystalloids
41. 50 m;/kg/day
maintenance for a normal adult cow
skin elasticity test
bloodwork changes and dehydration
potassium
42. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.
types of the fluids used for maintenance
plasma volume in cats
properties of isotonic crystalloids
edema
43. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75
maintenance for a normal adult cat
typical uses for IO route of administration
the effects of electrolyte loss without water loss (dialysis)
iso-omolality of the body
44. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
hydration parameters for physical examone
types of shock that are reponsive to fluid therapy
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
45. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia
maintenance for a normal adult horse
the effects of the loss of hypotonic fluid (water deprivation)
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
canine plasma
46. 60% body weight
alkalinizing crystalloids
shock does for hetastarch
TBW in adults
clinical indication for hypertonic crystalloids
47. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.
edema
properties of colloids with small macromolecules
assessment in the position of the eye in orbit
most sensitive test for estimating fluid loss
48. The loss of intravascular fluid.
hypotonic crystalloids
properties of hypotonic crystalloids
adverse effects of isotonic crystalloids
hypovolemia
49. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase
dehydration
extracellular fluid (ECF)
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution
phases of a fluid therapy plan
50. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury
disadvantages of the SC route of administration
hypertonic crystalloids
normal vascular oncotic pressure
hypotonic crystalloids volume of distribution