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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 5% body weight






2. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






3. 40% body weight






4. 8% body weight






5. Lateral neck skin






6. 20% body weight






7. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






8. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






9. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






10. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






11. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






12. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






13. The loss of intravascular fluid.






14. Total body water






15. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






16. 70% body weight






17. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






18. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






19. Extravasation of the catheter into the SC -thrombosis and thromboembolism -thrombophlebitis -infection of the catheter site and into the blood -can fragment and become a foreign body






20. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






21. 40% body weight






22. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






23. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






24. Changes in body weight over time.






25. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






26. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






27. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






28. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






29. The concentration of effective osmoles.






30. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






31. 70% body weight






32. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






33. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






34. Extracellular water + intracellular water






35. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






36. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






37. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






38. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






39. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






40. Young animals have increased elasticity -old animals have decreased elasticity






41. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






42. Urinary -fecal






43. Interstitial fluid + blood






44. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






45. 40 ml/kg/day






46. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






47. Albumin






48. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






49. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






50. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion