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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20 to 25 mmHG






2. Albumin






3. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






4. 300 mosm/L






5. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






6. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






7. Changes in body weight over time.






8. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






9. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






10. 40% body weight






11. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






12. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






13. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






14. The loss of intravascular fluid.






15. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






16. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






17. Interstitial fluid + blood






18. Total body water






19. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






20. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






21. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






22. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






23. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






24. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






25. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






26. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






27. Along with magnesium - constitutes the majority of positively charged ions in the ICF.






28. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






29. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






30. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






31. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






32. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






33. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






34. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






35. 30% body weight






36. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






37. 70% body weight






38. The concentration of effective osmoles.






39. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






40. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






41. Extracellular water + intracellular water






42. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






43. 8% body weight






44. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






45. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






46. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






47. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






48. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






49. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






50. 60% body weight