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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






2. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






3. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






4. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






5. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






6. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






7. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






8. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






9. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






10. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






11. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






12. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






13. Urinary -fecal






14. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






15. Total body water






16. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






17. 20 to 25 mmHG






18. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






19. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






20. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






21. Lateral neck skin






22. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.






23. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






24. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






25. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






26. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






27. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






28. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






29. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






30. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






31. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






32. 40 ml/kg/day






33. Osmolality of ECF decreases - causing fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF -ICF volume increases -ECF volume decreases - TBW decreases






34. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






35. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






36. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






37. Interstitial fluid + blood






38. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






39. 40% body weight






40. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






41. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






42. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






43. Lower eyelid






44. The concentration of effective osmoles.






45. 20% body weight






46. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






47. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






48. 50 m;/kg/day






49. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






50. Albumin