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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 4% body weight






2. Polydispersed complex starch dissolved in 0.9% NaCl -small molecules confer oncotic pressure -large molecule confer duration of action -a synthetic colloid






3. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






4. 60% body weight






5. Osmolality of solution is approximately equal to that of blood - replacing water as well as electrolytes.






6. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






7. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






8. 70% body weight






9. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






10. A function of daily obligatory solute excretion -based on body surface area rather than body weight






11. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






12. 30% body weight






13. Omolality of ECF increases - causing fluid to shift from the ICF to the ECF -ECF volume is partially maintained -ICF decreases - TBW decreases






14. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






15. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






16. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






17. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






18. Lower eyelid






19. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






20. Changes in body weight over time.






21. 30% body weight






22. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






23. Urinary -fecal






24. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






25. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






26. 70% body weight






27. 20 to 25 mmHG






28. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






29. 10 to 20 ml/kg IV bolus






30. The loss of intravascular fluid.






31. Occur at the loss of 30% of blood volume -occur when dehydration reached 10% of body weight






32. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






33. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






34. Lateral neck skin






35. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






36. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






37. Decreased colloid oncotic pressure -longer duration of action due to longer circulation time






38. Never use for resuscitation -never bolus; cannot administer rapidly






39. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






40. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






41. The concentration of effective osmoles.






42. 50 m;/kg/day






43. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






44. Sustained volume expansion of the vascular space






45. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






46. 300 mosm/L






47. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






48. Dextrose allows for an initial match in blood osmolality - but does not act as an effective osmol - as it is rapidly metabolized.






49. Resuscitation - to attain sustained vascular expansion - oncotic support during hypoproteinemia






50. The difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations.