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Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Direct vascular access and expansion -rapid administration possible -multiple type of fluids can be used






2. 5% body weight






3. Osmolality of the solution is less that blood - causing a net increase in free water.






4. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






5. 0.45% NaCl -D5W -Norm M






6. 0.9% NaCl -Plasmalyte -LRS






7. The loss of isotonic fluids from the ECF - primarily from the interstitium






8. 60% body weight






9. Maintain the animal in zero fluid balance - with input equaling output.






10. 30% body weight






11. A natural colloid that is not very efficient at raising albumin or COP.






12. The loss of intravascular fluid.






13. Lateral neck skin






14. 4% body weight






15. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






16. Albumin






17. Saliva -evaporation at skin -evaporation at the respiratory tract






18. 0.9% NaCl -reduction of SID due to an increase in Cl in relation to Na






19. 50 m;/kg/day






20. Extracellular water + intracellular water






21. Pain and irritation -pressure necrosis -infection






22. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






23. 132 x BW (kg)^0.75






24. No restricted by the endothelium -equilibrate rapidly between the interstitial and vascular spaces -cell membranes restrict movement from interstitial space - into cells bases on osmolality






25. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






26. Expand the intravascular space by 4 to 6 times for a short duration.






27. TBW - ECF -contains transcellular fluids such as peritonial fluid - CSF - pleural fluid - and synovial fluid.






28. Osmolality of ECF does not change - initiating no fluid shift - between the ECF and ICF -ECF decreases - TBW decreases - and ICF is static






29. Normalization of vital signs -MAP above 65 -urine output about 0.5 ml/kg/hr






30. The elasticity of skin depends on hydration status -pull up the skin over the thorax and watch the speed at which - it returns to normal position -also able to assess overhydration






31. A sunken eyes is associated with reduced volume in the ] - retrobulbar fat -qualitative






32. All body fluids are iso-osmolar is relation to other body flids despite a different ionic composition.






33. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






34. Sodium and associated anions






35. Replacing a free water deficit (hypernatremia) -during heart or renal disease when the patient has an impaired ability to handle sodium -maintenance fluid therapy (lower Na - high K)






36. 20 to 25 mmHG






37. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






38. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






39. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






40. Correction of acid-base disorders -rehydration -replacement of ongoing losses -resuscitation






41. A new formulation of hydroxyethyl starch that has decreased coagulopathy effects - safe up to 50 to 100 ml/kg/d






42. Changes in body weight over time.






43. Resuscitation -anesthetic patients -to treat significant dehydration and ongoing losses -critiacally ill patients






44. Categorized based on tonicity compared to normal plasma -categorized based on electrolyte composition -categorized based on acid-base effects






45. The concentration of effective osmoles.






46. The most abundant positively charged ion in the ECF.






47. 6% body weight






48. Typically an isotonic crystalloid with potassium added - -hypotonic crystalloids for animals with compromised renal - function of in heart failure -






49. Most commonly used to treat coagulopathies.






50. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions