Test your basic knowledge |

Emergency Medicine: Fluid Therapy

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Potassium - magnesium - and associated anions.






2. Osteomyelitis -often only short-lived access






3. 8% body weight






4. 4 ml/kg IV bolus






5. Lateral neck skin






6. A decrease in in capillary oncotic pressure due to protein loss resulting in filtration of fluid into the interstitial fluid.






7. 300 mosm/L






8. Practical - with limited equipment required -can be administered on an outpatient basis






9. Primarily in the vascular space - depending on vascular permeability -increases vascualar volume by 1 to 1.5x volume given






10. Resuscitation -treating cerebral edema due to head trauma -correction of acute hyponatremia






11. Extracellular space - with rapid redistribution into the interstitium -only 20 to 30% of the fluids administered remain in the intravascular space after 20 to 30 minutes






12. Sodium and associated anions






13. Lower eyelid






14. Plasma proteins -sodium and associated anions






15. 1/4 from the intravascular space -3/4 from the interstitium






16. Mucous membrane moistness -skin elasticity -position of the eye in orbit -changes in body weight -volume status (signs of hypovolemia) -thirst mechanism






17. Unreliable rate of absorption -cannot be used for resuscitation or replacement of fluids in critically ill patients -hypo- or hypertonic solutions cannot be used due to tissue damage and injury






18. 20 to 25 mmHG






19. Hypovolemic is the most reponsive -distributive shock -obstructive shock - above the obstruction






20. Albumin






21. Used in neonates and avian species with limited vascular access.






22. Resuscitation phase: if the animal is in shock -rehydration phase -maintenance phase






23. 6% body weight






24. 40% body weight






25. 70% body weight






26. 70 x BW (kg)^0.75






27. Short duration of volume expansion -transient hypernatremia -reflex bradycardia






28. 80 to 90 ml/kg IV bolus






29. Creation of acid-base disorders -tissue edema -pro-inflammatory effects






30. For every positively charged ion in body fluids - there is a balancing negatively charged ion.






31. Proportional to the number of non-dissociable (active) ions in solution -not a function of the weight of an ion






32. Generates osmotic pressure by causing a shift of water across a boundary that is not permeable to the osmotically active particle.






33. Increased colloid oncotic pressure -shorter duration of effect due to rapid excretion






34. The concentration of effective osmoles.






35. Dose dependent coagulopathy due to dilution of clotting factors and impaired platelet aggregation - especially with hetastarch.






36. Increased PCV and TP (hemoconcentration) -increased BUN (pre-renal azotemia) -sodium concentration will remain the same with isotonic loss






37. The concentration of effective osmoles + the concentration of ineffective osmoles.






38. 50 m;/kg/day






39. Access to a vascular space when IV is not possible -rapid placement






40. Potential for transfusion reactions.






41. Interstitial fluid + blood






42. Osmolality of solution is greater than that of blood - causing a shift from fluid from the intersitium into the vascular space and rapid vascular volume expansion.






43. LRS (lactate) -Plasmalyte (acetate) -Norm R (gluconate) -each provides a bicarbonate precursor






44. Obese animals have increased elasticity -very thin animals have decreased elasticity






45. A particle that does not generate osmotic pressure because it is freely permeable across a membrane.






46. The amount of saliva and tear film varies inversely with - hydration status -this is a qualitative test






47. 5% body weight






48. 40% body weight






49. The loss of intravascular fluid.






50. 30% body weight