SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Energy Engineering
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. China - and rapidly growing - India also rapdily growing
Diesel Cycle
why use higher octane fuels
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Largest Coal Consumers
2. Much lower energy density than gasoline and can be corrosive or damaging to engines and seals. Because it requires less oxygen to burn - it has slightly better engine efficiency. However - its lower energy density means a car gets considerably lower
Ethanol in combustion engines
gasoline composition and formation
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
NG production
3. Anthracites - bituminous coals - subbituminous coals - lignites.
Natural Gas Reserves?
CNG for transportation
Coal and Air Pollution
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
4. Coal- fired power generation costs are roughly 50% capital and the remaining fuel and operating costs. Fuel costs have remained stable and low historically - making coal an attractive investment for power
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
Cost to Generate Coal Power
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
Fracking
5. Refineries - which include fractionation columns - reformers - hydro crackers - catalytic crakers - cokers - reforming - and hydro treating. Know the essential role of each of these operations.;
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
Crude oil is transformed into commercial products how?
NG production
CNG for transportation
6. Is dominantly CH4 - but the ethane content is always >1 % and important to the fuel
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
50
NG composition in pipeline
7. Contains an odorant - deliberately added so leaks will be noticed
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Ethanol in combustion engines
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
How to get diesel
8. Subbituminous much bigger because produce reflective ash
Diesel Cycle
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
natural gas emissions
why use higher octane fuels
9. 2 stroke and 4 stroke - Combustion rate limited by gas - phase kinetics and is very rapid.
Cost to Generate Coal Power
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
Diesel differences from gasoline
10. Higher than compression ratio in diesel or gasoline engines (note that pressure ratio is not exactly the same as a compression ratio).
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
Octane Rating
Otto Cycle
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
11. More reliable than reciprocating engines because: continuous operation and fewer moving parts
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
Ethanol in combustion engines
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
12. Coal contributes to essentially every criteria air pollutant and to CO2 and Hg. In most cases (except CO) - coal is a major contributor.
Diesel differences from gasoline
why use higher octane fuels
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
Coal and Air Pollution
13. Less efficient than either Otto or Diesel cycle at same pressure ratio/compression ratio - but in practice pressure ratio is higher leading to higher efficiencies.
Otto Cycle
Brayton Cycle efficiency
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
14. From inlet temperatures with cooling of blades and thermal barrier couplings
Jet Engines Cycle
Coal Conversion Technologies
Fracking
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
15. Have broader range of fuels - have higher compression ratios - nearly always super/turbo charged
diesel engines
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
natural gas emissions
Largest Coal Consumers
16. Not produced from any single fraction of crude in the fractionation column but rather are blends and reformates designed specifically for regional markets and specifications/regulations
gasoline composition and formation
why use higher octane fuels
Otto Cycle
Trace emissions of coal
17. Combustion rate mostly limited by heat and mass transfer rather than kinetics and is therefore much slower than in a gasoline engine - hence the constant pressure assumption - No spark plug required - glow plugs only provide local warming of system f
Compression ignited (diesel)
Brayton Cycle efficiency
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
US coal reserves
18. Drilling - then set up production wells with nothing above surface - production decreases exponentially with time
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
NG production
Largest Coal Consumers
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
19. Are turbofans - which derive >80% of their thrust from the ducted fan rather than the high- velocity exhaust. Turbopros and other turbine- based engines also common for helicopters - ships - propeller- based aircraft - etc.
Diesel differences from gasoline
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
Octane Rating
Natural Gas Reserves?
20. Coal rank correlates with both hydrogen:carbon and oxygen:carbon ratio - with rank decreasing with increasing values of both ratio. ex. anthracite low ratios and lignites have high ratios
diesel engines
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
21. Little more than half=fuel cost - rest is transportation and distribution
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
why use higher octane fuels
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Cost of NG for consumer
22. your engine is knocking (igniting the gas too early when piston coming up instead of while at top) - High compression engines need higher octane fuels.
Natural Gas Reserves?
why use higher octane fuels
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
Trace emissions of coal
23. Same as Brayton cycle
NG simple cycle
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
Brayton Cycle efficiency
why use higher octane fuels
24. Mid 80s
Compression ignited (diesel)
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
CNG for transportation
25. Fracture rock with water and other stuff - replace with sand - suck out liberated NG
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
Fracking
Coal and Air Pollution
26. Not too good for it. Strip mined or deep/mountain top mined
CNG for transportation
Brayton Cycle efficiency
US coal reserves
Coal Production and Environment
27. Constant pressure combustion - isentropic and adiabatic compression and expansion
Compression ignited (diesel)
NG production
Diesel Cycle
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
28. Compressor stator (trailing edge points axially) - turbine stator (trailing edge has significant tangential component).
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
29. 150 yrs
gasoline composition and formation
US coal reserves
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
NG production
30. Many decades and up to 100 yrs left reserves increasing due to fracking and tight gas recovery almost always seen with oil and frequently without
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
Coal Production and Environment
Natural Gas Reserves?
Diesel Cycle
31. 100 bar inside pipelines (1/600 of normal volume) - pumping stations every 40 to 100 mi - pipelines maintained and made sure safe by pigs(devices that measure stuff to make sure nothing's wrong) distribution pipelines are lower pressure and plastic
NG transportation
Natural Gas Reserves?
Cost to Generate Coal Power
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
32. Cetane numbers greater than ___ generally have no advantage over a fuel of 50. Common cetane numbers are 40-45 and 45-50 for regular and premium diesel fuels.
gasoline composition and formation
50
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
Jet Engines Cycle
33. Inlet/intake - compression - expansion/combustion/power - exhaust
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
Combined Cycle
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
Crude oil is transformed into commercial products how?
34. Constant volume combustion - isentropic and adiabatic compression and expansion - 2 stroke and 4 stroke engines use (gasoline engines)
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
Eastern US
Cost to Generate Coal Power
Otto Cycle
35. Almost zero aromatics in it
Trace emissions of coal
gasoline composition and formation
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
Diesel differences from gasoline
36. Hard=bituminous - Brown=subbituminous/lignite
Cetane number
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
50
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
37. Critical pressure (218 psi) and above - 38-39% efficient - supercritical from 45-47% efficient - materials limit max temp to 600 degC - pressure ratios up to 10 -000 because condenser reaches really low pressures
Cost of NG for consumer
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
Combined Cycle
38. Measure of a fuels ability to resist compression ignition - with iso- octane having an octane number of 100 and n - heptane an octane number of 0. (n - octane has an octane number of -10).
Trace emissions of coal
Octane Rating
natural gas emissions
Crude oil is transformed into commercial products how?
39. Modern only output CO2 and no significant impact on other pollutants - Most Coal Power are old and many have significant impact on air pollution
Otto Cycle
diesel engines
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
40. Not very common - small particulate and SO2 and some NOx are problems for this cycle with coal
Jet Engines Cycle
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Eastern US
41. Brayton Cycle
Natural Gas Reserves?
Jet Engines Cycle
NG composition in pipeline
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
42. Methane (70-90%) - heavier hydrocarbons (up to 20% through C4) - CO2 (up to 8% - but occasionally much higher) - H2O (usually saturated) - sometimes H2S (up to 5%) - oxygen (< 0.2%) nitrogen (up to 5%) - and other trace quantities.
NG composition in pipeline
Diesel differences from gasoline
Compression ignited (diesel)
NG compostion from ground
43. Fischer Tropsh synthesis
NG compostion from ground
NG production
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
44. Low sulfur vs. high sulfur - bituminous used to provide most power - but switching to cleaner Wyoming subbituminous
diesel engines
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
45. Measures the ability of a fuel to pressure ignite and in this regard is the opposite of the octane number.
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Cetane number
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
46. Distillate fraction (heavier than naptha) - though it requires some additional treatment for sulfur removal -
Ethanol in combustion engines
Diesel differences from gasoline
How to get diesel
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
47. Less CO2 and most other pollutants than other combustion fuels
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
natural gas emissions
Largest Coal Consumers
48. Fuel is injected in cylinder at much higher pressures than gasoline fuel injection and through injectors designed to atomize fuel to small droplets that rapidly vaporize and burn.
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
49. Brayton cycle with exhaust powering a Rankine Cycle (efficiencies of up to 60%) - possibly most economical choice - can't respond to load changes as rapidly as simple cycle
NG production
Coal and Air Pollution
Combined Cycle
Diesel differences from gasoline
50. Steam Turbines (Rankine Cycle) - Gas Turbines (Brayton Cycle) - Combined Cycle (not very economically feasible) - Liquid Fuels and Other products (chemicals - Fischer Tropsh - Coal to Methanol for gasoline but less history)
Eastern US
Coal Conversion Technologies
Crude oil is transformed into commercial products how?
Fuel Injection of compression ignited