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Test your basic knowledge |
Energy Engineering
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Critical pressure (218 psi) and above - 38-39% efficient - supercritical from 45-47% efficient - materials limit max temp to 600 degC - pressure ratios up to 10 -000 because condenser reaches really low pressures
Natural Gas Reserves?
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
2. Bituminous coals are in the _____ - subbituminous coals in most of the west (but not Utah) - and lignites primarily in Texas and North Dakota.
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
NG production
Eastern US
3. Coal contributes to essentially every criteria air pollutant and to CO2 and Hg. In most cases (except CO) - coal is a major contributor.
Natural Gas Reserves?
CNG for transportation
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
Coal and Air Pollution
4. Drilling - then set up production wells with nothing above surface - production decreases exponentially with time
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Compression ignited (diesel)
NG production
Diesel differences from gasoline
5. From inlet temperatures with cooling of blades and thermal barrier couplings
NG transportation
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
50
6. Inlet/intake - compression - expansion/combustion/power - exhaust
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
Coal Conversion Technologies
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
7. Many decades and up to 100 yrs left reserves increasing due to fracking and tight gas recovery almost always seen with oil and frequently without
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
US coal reserves
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Natural Gas Reserves?
8. Less CO2 and most other pollutants than other combustion fuels
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
NG compostion from ground
natural gas emissions
Coal and Air Pollution
9. Low sulfur vs. high sulfur - bituminous used to provide most power - but switching to cleaner Wyoming subbituminous
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
why use higher octane fuels
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
10. Fracture rock with water and other stuff - replace with sand - suck out liberated NG
diesel engines
US coal reserves
Coal and Air Pollution
Fracking
11. Higher than compression ratio in diesel or gasoline engines (note that pressure ratio is not exactly the same as a compression ratio).
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
CNG for transportation
Brayton Cycle efficiency
12. 100 bar inside pipelines (1/600 of normal volume) - pumping stations every 40 to 100 mi - pipelines maintained and made sure safe by pigs(devices that measure stuff to make sure nothing's wrong) distribution pipelines are lower pressure and plastic
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
NG transportation
Cost to Generate Coal Power
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
13. Coal rank correlates with both hydrogen:carbon and oxygen:carbon ratio - with rank decreasing with increasing values of both ratio. ex. anthracite low ratios and lignites have high ratios
Compression ignited (diesel)
Octane Rating
Diesel Cycle
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
14. Good alternative to petroleum based fuels?
Trace emissions of coal
CNG for transportation
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
15. Occurs (with a few exceptions) in the intake manifold prior to the air entering the cylinder. Air entering cylinder is a mixture of air and vaporized fuel.
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
NG compostion from ground
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
Trace emissions of coal
16. Compressor stator (trailing edge points axially) - turbine stator (trailing edge has significant tangential component).
Otto Cycle
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
NG production
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
17. Less efficient than either Otto or Diesel cycle at same pressure ratio/compression ratio - but in practice pressure ratio is higher leading to higher efficiencies.
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
How to get diesel
Brayton Cycle efficiency
Cetane number
18. Much lower energy density than gasoline and can be corrosive or damaging to engines and seals. Because it requires less oxygen to burn - it has slightly better engine efficiency. However - its lower energy density means a car gets considerably lower
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
gasoline composition and formation
Ethanol in combustion engines
Cetane number
19. Have broader range of fuels - have higher compression ratios - nearly always super/turbo charged
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Coal Production and Environment
diesel engines
Otto Cycle
20. Constant pressure combustion - isentropic and adiabatic compression and expansion
Diesel Cycle
Octane Rating
Cetane number
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
21. Little more than half=fuel cost - rest is transportation and distribution
why use higher octane fuels
Natural Gas Reserves?
Cost of NG for consumer
Octane Rating
22. Anthracites - bituminous coals - subbituminous coals - lignites.
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
Fracking
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
CNG for transportation
23. Measures the ability of a fuel to pressure ignite and in this regard is the opposite of the octane number.
Jet Engines Cycle
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
Cetane number
NG transportation
24. Same as Brayton cycle
NG simple cycle
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
Ethanol in combustion engines
US coal reserves
25. your engine is knocking (igniting the gas too early when piston coming up instead of while at top) - High compression engines need higher octane fuels.
NG production
Compression ignited (diesel)
why use higher octane fuels
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
26. Not very common - small particulate and SO2 and some NOx are problems for this cycle with coal
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
How to get diesel
NG simple cycle
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
27. Cetane numbers greater than ___ generally have no advantage over a fuel of 50. Common cetane numbers are 40-45 and 45-50 for regular and premium diesel fuels.
50
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
Compression ignited (diesel)
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
28. Hard=bituminous - Brown=subbituminous/lignite
Fracking
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Ethanol in combustion engines
29. Constant volume combustion - isentropic and adiabatic compression and expansion - 2 stroke and 4 stroke engines use (gasoline engines)
50
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
Otto Cycle
NG compostion from ground
30. Modern only output CO2 and no significant impact on other pollutants - Most Coal Power are old and many have significant impact on air pollution
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Octane Rating
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Compression ignited (diesel)
31. Subbituminous much bigger because produce reflective ash
Eastern US
NG compostion from ground
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
CNG for transportation
32. 2 stroke and 4 stroke - Combustion rate limited by gas - phase kinetics and is very rapid.
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
Coal and Air Pollution
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
33. Combustion rate mostly limited by heat and mass transfer rather than kinetics and is therefore much slower than in a gasoline engine - hence the constant pressure assumption - No spark plug required - glow plugs only provide local warming of system f
NG composition in pipeline
Compression ignited (diesel)
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
34. Distillate fraction (heavier than naptha) - though it requires some additional treatment for sulfur removal -
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
How to get diesel
diesel engines
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
35. Fuel is injected in cylinder at much higher pressures than gasoline fuel injection and through injectors designed to atomize fuel to small droplets that rapidly vaporize and burn.
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
Coal Conversion Technologies
Diesel Cycle
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
36. Steam Turbines (Rankine Cycle) - Gas Turbines (Brayton Cycle) - Combined Cycle (not very economically feasible) - Liquid Fuels and Other products (chemicals - Fischer Tropsh - Coal to Methanol for gasoline but less history)
Coal Conversion Technologies
Fracking
Cost to Generate Coal Power
Combined Cycle
37. Coal- fired power generation costs are roughly 50% capital and the remaining fuel and operating costs. Fuel costs have remained stable and low historically - making coal an attractive investment for power
Cost to Generate Coal Power
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Spark ignited engines location of fuel injection
38. Hg - As - trace other metals - no dioxins and furans
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Octane Rating
Trace emissions of coal
NG simple cycle
39. Measure of a fuels ability to resist compression ignition - with iso- octane having an octane number of 100 and n - heptane an octane number of 0. (n - octane has an octane number of -10).
50
Octane Rating
Cost to Generate Coal Power
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
40. 150 yrs
Jet Engines Cycle
US coal reserves
Diesel Cycle
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
41. Fischer Tropsh synthesis
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Largest Coal Consumers
Jet Engines Cycle
42. Brayton cycle with exhaust powering a Rankine Cycle (efficiencies of up to 60%) - possibly most economical choice - can't respond to load changes as rapidly as simple cycle
Combined Cycle
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Compression ignited (diesel)
43. Are turbofans - which derive >80% of their thrust from the ducted fan rather than the high- velocity exhaust. Turbopros and other turbine- based engines also common for helicopters - ships - propeller- based aircraft - etc.
Octane Rating
Fracking
Ethanol in combustion engines
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
44. Contains an odorant - deliberately added so leaks will be noticed
NG production
Diesel Cycle
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
45. China - and rapidly growing - India also rapdily growing
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
Largest Coal Consumers
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
Brayton Cycle efficiency
46. Brayton Cycle
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
Jet Engines Cycle
Coal and Air Pollution
why use higher octane fuels
47. Mid 80s
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
Cetane number
NG transportation
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
48. Methane (70-90%) - heavier hydrocarbons (up to 20% through C4) - CO2 (up to 8% - but occasionally much higher) - H2O (usually saturated) - sometimes H2S (up to 5%) - oxygen (< 0.2%) nitrogen (up to 5%) - and other trace quantities.
Diesel differences from gasoline
NG production
How to get diesel
NG compostion from ground
49. Is dominantly CH4 - but the ethane content is always >1 % and important to the fuel
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
Octane Rating
NG composition in pipeline
50. Almost zero aromatics in it
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
NG transportation
Diesel differences from gasoline
Cetane number