SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Energy Engineering
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not produced from any single fraction of crude in the fractionation column but rather are blends and reformates designed specifically for regional markets and specifications/regulations
How to get diesel
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
gasoline composition and formation
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
2. Compressor stator (trailing edge points axially) - turbine stator (trailing edge has significant tangential component).
Otto Cycle
Octane Rating
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
US coal reserves
3. Fischer Tropsh synthesis
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Octane Rating
Ethanol in combustion engines
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
4. Distillate fraction (heavier than naptha) - though it requires some additional treatment for sulfur removal -
NG compostion from ground
How to get diesel
Coal Production and Environment
NG composition in pipeline
5. Almost zero aromatics in it
50
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
Diesel differences from gasoline
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
6. Critical pressure (218 psi) and above - 38-39% efficient - supercritical from 45-47% efficient - materials limit max temp to 600 degC - pressure ratios up to 10 -000 because condenser reaches really low pressures
Octane Rating
Brayton Cycle efficiency
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
NG transportation
7. China - and rapidly growing - India also rapdily growing
Largest Coal Consumers
Compression ignited (diesel)
Coal Conversion Technologies
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
8. Drilling - then set up production wells with nothing above surface - production decreases exponentially with time
NG production
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Natural Gas Reserves?
Compression ignited (diesel)
9. Refineries - which include fractionation columns - reformers - hydro crackers - catalytic crakers - cokers - reforming - and hydro treating. Know the essential role of each of these operations.;
Crude oil is transformed into commercial products how?
Cost of NG for consumer
Combined Cycle
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
10. Inlet/intake - compression - expansion/combustion/power - exhaust
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
gasoline composition and formation
11. 2 stroke and 4 stroke - Combustion rate limited by gas - phase kinetics and is very rapid.
NG compostion from ground
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
Coal and Air Pollution
12. Fracture rock with water and other stuff - replace with sand - suck out liberated NG
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
Fracking
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
13. Steam Turbines (Rankine Cycle) - Gas Turbines (Brayton Cycle) - Combined Cycle (not very economically feasible) - Liquid Fuels and Other products (chemicals - Fischer Tropsh - Coal to Methanol for gasoline but less history)
Brayton Cycle efficiency
diesel engines
Coal Conversion Technologies
Cost of NG for consumer
14. Much lower energy density than gasoline and can be corrosive or damaging to engines and seals. Because it requires less oxygen to burn - it has slightly better engine efficiency. However - its lower energy density means a car gets considerably lower
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
Ethanol in combustion engines
NG compostion from ground
15. Coal contributes to essentially every criteria air pollutant and to CO2 and Hg. In most cases (except CO) - coal is a major contributor.
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
Coal and Air Pollution
Brayton Cycle efficiency
Natural Gas Reserves?
16. Combustion rate mostly limited by heat and mass transfer rather than kinetics and is therefore much slower than in a gasoline engine - hence the constant pressure assumption - No spark plug required - glow plugs only provide local warming of system f
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
4 stokes of spark ignited 4 stroke
Compression ignited (diesel)
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
17. Subbituminous much bigger because produce reflective ash
diesel engines
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
Brayton Cycle efficiency
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
18. Little more than half=fuel cost - rest is transportation and distribution
Cost of NG for consumer
Eastern US
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
19. Coal rank correlates with both hydrogen:carbon and oxygen:carbon ratio - with rank decreasing with increasing values of both ratio. ex. anthracite low ratios and lignites have high ratios
Combined Cycle
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
CNG for transportation
why use higher octane fuels
20. 100 bar inside pipelines (1/600 of normal volume) - pumping stations every 40 to 100 mi - pipelines maintained and made sure safe by pigs(devices that measure stuff to make sure nothing's wrong) distribution pipelines are lower pressure and plastic
Trace emissions of coal
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
NG transportation
NG simple cycle
21. Contains an odorant - deliberately added so leaks will be noticed
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Brayton Cycle efficiency
NG simple cycle
22. Coal- fired power generation costs are roughly 50% capital and the remaining fuel and operating costs. Fuel costs have remained stable and low historically - making coal an attractive investment for power
Cost to Generate Coal Power
Ethanol in combustion engines
Compression ignited (diesel)
NG compostion from ground
23. Brayton cycle with exhaust powering a Rankine Cycle (efficiencies of up to 60%) - possibly most economical choice - can't respond to load changes as rapidly as simple cycle
Coal Conversion Technologies
Combined Cycle
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
why use higher octane fuels
24. Good alternative to petroleum based fuels?
NG transportation
CNG for transportation
Diesel Cycle
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
25. Cetane numbers greater than ___ generally have no advantage over a fuel of 50. Common cetane numbers are 40-45 and 45-50 for regular and premium diesel fuels.
50
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Diesel differences from gasoline
Coal Conversion Technologies
26. Measures the ability of a fuel to pressure ignite and in this regard is the opposite of the octane number.
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
Cetane number
NG transportation
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
27. More expensive - heavier - and more durable/reliable than gasoline engines - Diesel cycle is less efficient than gasoline cycle at the same compression ratio - but in practice is more efficient because compression ratios are about 2x higher.
Diesel vs Gasoline engines
Combined Cycle
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
28. Same as Brayton cycle
coal rank and H:C ratio and O:C ratio
diesel engines
NG simple cycle
NG composition in pipeline
29. Many decades and up to 100 yrs left reserves increasing due to fracking and tight gas recovery almost always seen with oil and frequently without
Cost to Generate Coal Power
Jet Engines Cycle
Natural Gas Reserves?
diesel engines
30. Have broader range of fuels - have higher compression ratios - nearly always super/turbo charged
50
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
diesel engines
31. From inlet temperatures with cooling of blades and thermal barrier couplings
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
gasoline composition and formation
32. Anthracites - bituminous coals - subbituminous coals - lignites.
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
why use higher octane fuels
CNG for transportation
Coal and Air Pollution
33. 150 yrs
Coal Ranking (oldest to newest)
Protect Jet Engine Fan Blades
US coal reserves
NG composition in pipeline
34. Are turbofans - which derive >80% of their thrust from the ducted fan rather than the high- velocity exhaust. Turbopros and other turbine- based engines also common for helicopters - ships - propeller- based aircraft - etc.
Jet Engines Cycle
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
Combined Cycle
35. More reliable than reciprocating engines because: continuous operation and fewer moving parts
Trace emissions of coal
Jet Engines Lifetime/Reliability
Eastern US
NG composition in pipeline
36. Not very common - small particulate and SO2 and some NOx are problems for this cycle with coal
Crude oil is transformed into commercial products how?
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
size of reactors for subbitmunious vs. bituminous
Octane Rating
37. Mid 80s
gasoline composition and formation
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
38. Measure of a fuels ability to resist compression ignition - with iso- octane having an octane number of 100 and n - heptane an octane number of 0. (n - octane has an octane number of -10).
Otto Cycle
CNG for transportation
natural gas emissions
Octane Rating
39. Modern only output CO2 and no significant impact on other pollutants - Most Coal Power are old and many have significant impact on air pollution
Modern vs. Old Coal Power Plants
Diesel differences from gasoline
NG composition in pipeline
Spark ignited engines (gasoline)
40. Hard=bituminous - Brown=subbituminous/lignite
Diesel Cycle
50
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Otto Cycle
41. Methane (70-90%) - heavier hydrocarbons (up to 20% through C4) - CO2 (up to 8% - but occasionally much higher) - H2O (usually saturated) - sometimes H2S (up to 5%) - oxygen (< 0.2%) nitrogen (up to 5%) - and other trace quantities.
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
NG compostion from ground
NG transportation
Rankine Cycle Coal Conversion/Steam Turbines
42. Low sulfur vs. high sulfur - bituminous used to provide most power - but switching to cleaner Wyoming subbituminous
diesel engines
Octane Rating
subbituminous vs. bituminous coals
Cost to Generate Coal Power
43. Less CO2 and most other pollutants than other combustion fuels
NG as delivered to a home and most industries
Fracking
natural gas emissions
Otto Cycle
44. your engine is knocking (igniting the gas too early when piston coming up instead of while at top) - High compression engines need higher octane fuels.
why use higher octane fuels
Combined Cycle
Gas/Brayton Cycle coal power
Compressor Stator vs. Turbine Stator
45. Not too good for it. Strip mined or deep/mountain top mined
why use higher octane fuels
Most Jet Engines on Commercial Aircraft
Otto Cycle
Coal Production and Environment
46. Less efficient than either Otto or Diesel cycle at same pressure ratio/compression ratio - but in practice pressure ratio is higher leading to higher efficiencies.
jet Engine Pressure Ratio
Brayton Cycle efficiency
why use higher octane fuels
Making Diesel Like fuels from Coal - NG - and biomass
47. Constant pressure combustion - isentropic and adiabatic compression and expansion
why use higher octane fuels
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Diesel Cycle
Brayton Cycle efficiency
48. Hg - As - trace other metals - no dioxins and furans
NG compostion from ground
Eastern US
Trace emissions of coal
Otto Cycle
49. Fuel is injected in cylinder at much higher pressures than gasoline fuel injection and through injectors designed to atomize fuel to small droplets that rapidly vaporize and burn.
Coal Conversion Technologies
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
Europe Hard vs. Brown Coal
Compression ignited (diesel)
50. Brayton Cycle
Octane number of gas sold in Utah
Jet Engines Cycle
Fuel Injection of compression ignited
Coal Production and Environment